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SUSTAINABLE FISHERIES and RESPONSIBLE AQUACULTURE: a Guide for USAID Staff and Partners
SUSTAINABLE FISHERIES AND RESPONSIBLE AQUACULTURE: A Guide for USAID Staff and Partners June 2013 ABOUT THIS GUIDE GOAL This guide provides basic information on how to design programs to reform capture fisheries (also referred to as “wild” fisheries) and aquaculture sectors to ensure sound and effective development, environmental sustainability, economic profitability, and social responsibility. To achieve these objectives, this document focuses on ways to reduce the threats to biodiversity and ecosystem productivity through improved governance and more integrated planning and management practices. In the face of food insecurity, global climate change, and increasing population pressures, it is imperative that development programs help to maintain ecosystem resilience and the multiple goods and services that ecosystems provide. Conserving biodiversity and ecosystem functions are central to maintaining ecosystem integrity, health, and productivity. The intent of the guide is not to suggest that fisheries and aquaculture are interchangeable: these sectors are unique although linked. The world cannot afford to neglect global fisheries and expect aquaculture to fill that void. Global food security will not be achievable without reversing the decline of fisheries, restoring fisheries productivity, and moving towards more environmentally friendly and responsible aquaculture. There is a need for reform in both fisheries and aquaculture to reduce their environmental and social impacts. USAID’s experience has shown that well-designed programs can reform capture fisheries management, reducing threats to biodiversity while leading to increased productivity, incomes, and livelihoods. Agency programs have focused on an ecosystem-based approach to management in conjunction with improved governance, secure tenure and access to resources, and the application of modern management practices. -
Niue Treaty on Cooperation in Fisheries Surveillance and Law Enforcement in the South Pacific Region
NIUE TREATY ON COOPERATION IN FISHERIES SURVEILLANCE AND LAW ENFORCEMENT IN THE SOUTH PACIFIC REGION THE PARTIES TO THIS TREATY: GIVEN that in accordance with international law as expressed in the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, coastal States have sovereign rights for the purposes of exploring and exploiting, conserving and managing the fisheries resources of their exclusive economic zones and fisheries zones; TAKING INTO ACCOUNT Article 73 of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea; NOTING that the Parties to the South Pacific Forum Fisheries Agency Convention, 1979 have agreed under Article 5 of that Convention that the Forum Fisheries Committee shall promote intra- regional coordination and cooperation in fisheries surveillance and law enforcement; CONSIDERING the vast areas of ocean covered by the exclusive economic zones and fisheries zones of coastal States in the South Pacific region and the vital economic significance of such zones to the economic development of South Pacific coastal States; WISHING THEREFORE to enhance their ability to enforce effectively their fisheries laws, and deter breaches of such laws; HAVE AGREED AS FOLLOWS: ARTICLE I - DEFINITIONS In this Treaty: (a) 'fishing' means: (i) searching for, catching, taking or harvesting fish; (ii) attempting to search for, catch, take or harvest fish; (iii) engaging in any other activity which can reasonably be expected to result in the locating, catching, taking or harvesting of fish; (iv) placing, searching for or recovering fish aggregating devices or associated electronic equipment such as radio beacons; (v) any operations at sea directly in support of, or in preparation for any activity described in this paragraph; (vi) use of any craft, air or sea borne, for any activity described in this paragraph except for emergencies involving the health and safety of the crew or the safety of a vessel; (vii) the processing, carrying or transhipping of fish that have been taken. -
International Instruments
International Instruments Additional Protocol II to the Geneva Agreement between the Government of Conventions of 1949, 3 the Cook Islands and the Government Agreement among Pacific Islands States of the Republic of Kiribati Concerning Concerning the Implementation and the Delimitation of Maritime Administration of the Treaty on Boundaries between the Republic of Fisheries between the Governments of Kiribati and the Cook Islands 2012, 60 Certain Pacific Islands States and the Agreement between the Government of Government of the United States of the French Republic and the America 1987, 70 Government of the Republic of Agreement between Kiribati and Tuvalu Kiribati Concerning the Delimitation Concerning their Maritime Boundary of the Maritime Boundary Line 2012, 60 between the Exclusive Economic Zone around French Polynesia and the Agreement between the French Republic Exclusive Economic Zone of the and Tuvalu Concerning a Provisional Republic of Kiribati 2002, 61 Maritime Delimitation between the Two Countries 1985, 62 Agreement between the Government of the Republic of France and the Agreement Between the Government of Government of Fiji relating to the Australia and New Zealand on Trans- Delimitation Of Their Economic Zone Tasman Court Proceedings and 1983, 61 Regulatory Enforcement 2010, 423 Agreement between the Government of Agreement between the Government of the Republic of France and the Australia and the Government of Government of Fiji Relating to the Samoa for the Allocation of Taxing Delimitation of their Economic Zone Rights -
Niue Treaty Subsidiary Agreement
AGREEMENT ON STRENGTHENING IMPLEMENTATION OF THE NIUE TREATY ON COOPERATION IN FISHERIES SURVEILLANCE AND LAW ENFORCEMENT IN THE SOUTH PACIFIC REGION THE PARTIES TO THIS AGREEMENT: RESPONDING to the call by the Pacific Islands Forum Leaders to strengthen mechanisms to protect fisheries resources, particularly in recognition of their importance to the social and economic development of the region; GIVING EFFECT to the direction by fisheries and law enforcement Ministers in July 2010 to develop a multilateral agreement that will strengthen fisheries management and provide a robust legal framework for more integrated, cost-effective and efficient maritime surveillance in the region; DETERMINED to strengthen and extend the framework for monitoring, control and surveillance in the Niue Treaty on Cooperation in Fisheries Surveillance and Law Enforcement in the South Pacific Region 1992, and existing subsidiary agreements and arrangements; FURTHER DETERMINED to actively cooperate to enhance the reach and effectiveness of their monitoring, control and surveillance resources in enforcing their fisheries laws; SEEKING to continuously develop and use current and emerging tools and technologies to combat illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing, including through the progressive development and implementation of national and international laws; RECOGNISING that fisheries information is fundamental to surveillance and enforcement and seeking to share such information for fisheries and broader law enforcement purposes; FURTHER RECOGNISING the special -
International Law Enforcement Cooperation in the Fisheries Sector: a Guide for Law Enforcement Practitioners
International Law Enforcement Cooperation in the Fisheries Sector: A Guide for Law Enforcement Practitioners FOREWORD Fisheries around the world have been suffering increasingly from illegal exploitation, which undermines the sustainability of marine living resources and threatens food security, as well as the economic, social and political stability of coastal states. The illegal exploitation of marine living resources includes not only fisheries crime, but also connected crimes to the fisheries sector, such as corruption, money laundering, fraud, human or drug trafficking. These crimes have been identified by INTERPOL and its partners as transnational in nature and involving organized criminal networks. Given the complexity of these crimes and the fact that they occur across the supply chains of several countries, international police cooperation and coordination between countries and agencies is absolutely essential to effectively tackle such illegal activities. As the world’s largest police organization, INTERPOL’s role is to foster international police cooperation and coordination, as well as to ensure that police around the world have access to the tools and services to effectively tackle these transnational crimes. More specifically, INTERPOL’s Environmental Security Programme (ENS) is dedicated to addressing environmental crime, such as fisheries crimes and associated crimes. Its mission is to assist our member countries in the effective enforcement of national, regional and international environmental law and treaties, creating coherent international law enforcement collaboration and enhancing investigative support of environmental crime cases. It is in this context, that ENS – Global Fisheries Enforcement team identified the need to develop a Guide to assist in the understanding of international law enforcement cooperation in the fisheries sector, especially following several transnational fisheries enforcement cases in which INTERPOL was involved. -
WIDER Working Paper No. 2013/052 Optimum Fisheries
WIDER Working Paper No. 2013/052 Optimum fisheries management under climate variability Evidence from artisanal marine fishing in Ghana Wisdom Akpalu1, Isaac Dasmani2, and Ametefee K. Normanyo3 May 2013 Abstract In most coastal developing countries, the artisanal fisheries sector is managed as a common pool resource. As a result, such fisheries are overcapitalized and overfished. In Ghana, in addition to anthropogenic factors, there is evidence of rising coastal temperature and its variance, which could impact the environmental carrying capacity of the fish stock. This study investigates the effect of climate variation on biophysical parameters and yields. Our results indicate that the rising temperature is decreasing the carrying capacity. As a result, an optimum tax on harvest must reflect climate variability, as well as the congestion externality. Keywords: climate variability, optimal tax, generalized maximum entropy, Ghana JEL classification: Q22, H21, C61 Copyright © UNU-WIDER 2013 1State University of New York and Center for Environmental Economics Research & Consultancy (CEERAC), corresponding author, email: [email protected]; 2University of Cape Coast, Ghana and CEERAC; 3Ho Polytechnic, Ghana and CEERAC. This study has been prepared within the UNU-WIDER project on Development under Climate Change, directed by Channing Arndt, James Thurlow, and Finn Tarp. UNU-WIDER gratefully acknowledges the financial contributions to the research programme from the governments of Denmark, Finland, Sweden, and the United Kingdom. ISSN 1798-7237 ISBN 978-92-9230-629-8 Acknowledgements We are grateful to Anatu Mohammed and Channing Arndt for their assistance and comments. The World Institute for Development Economics Research (WIDER) was established by the United Nations University (UNU) as its first research and training centre and started work in Helsinki, Finland in 1985. -
Oceanic Fisheries Management(OFM)-Tokelau Needs
GEF SAP II PROJECT: NATIONAL PROJECT PREPARATION REPORTS TOKELAU Foreword This brief report, prepared by Les Clark and Colin Brown, aims to assemble information relating to Tokelau necessary for the preparation of the GEF SAP II Project. The main aims of the report are: • To make an assessment of the implications of the WCPF Convention for Tokelau • To identify possible interventions to support implementation by Tokelau of the WCPF Convention • To make an analysis of the incremental costs to Tokelau of activities related to the Convention • To undertake an analysis of stakeholders in Tokelau with interests in the regional oceanic fisheries resources • To identify relevant consultative mechanisms in Tokelau for the GEF SAP II Project To collect information relating to available indicators of performance in areas related to the WCPF Convention and to the financial sustainability of Tokelau’s participation in the Commission and implementation of the WCPF 1. Background 1.1 Status of Oceanic Fisheries Tokelau is the newest member of the Forum Fisheries Agency, and with a population of around 1,500 and an EEZ of 290,000sq.km., is, with Niue, one of the two smallest countries participating in the WCPF Process. There are two processes of political change underpinning Tokelau’s approach to the the WCPF Convention and Commission: • The exercise of competence by Tokelau over the waters of its EEZ, which is the basis for Tokelau’s participation in the new Commission; and • The restructuring of the Tokelauan administration to place the three villages -
Open EC Finalmastersthesis.Pdf
The Pennsylvania State University The Graduate School College of Earth and Mineral Sciences DEPOSITIONAL ENVIRONMENTS OF PALEOCENE PLANT LOCALITIES WITHIN ESTUARINE FACIES OF THE SALAMANCA FORMATION, CHUBUT PROVINCE, ARGENTINA A Thesis in Geosciences by Emily E. Comer © 2011 Emily E. Comer Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science December 2011 The thesis of Emily E. Comer was reviewed and approved* by the following: Rudy L. Slingerland Professor of Geology Thesis Advisor Peter D. Wilf Associate Professor of Geosciences Michael A. Arthur Professor of Geosciences Chris J. Marone Professor of Geosciences Associate Head of Graduate Program of the Department of Geosciences *Signatures are on file in the Graduate School. ii ABSTRACT The most well preserved and diverse early Paleocene macrofloras from Gondwana occur within sediments from Chubut Province, Patagonia, Argentina. Two prolific sites of fossil preservation, Palacio de los Loros and Parque Provincial Ormachea, sit near the top of the southwestern outcrops of the Danian (65.5-61.7 Ma) Salamanca Formation. Resting just above an unconformity spanning the K-T boundary, the Salamanca Fm. provides evidence of plant recovery after the extinction event and the depositional environments in which these floras existed. This thesis provides a sedimentological description and paleoenvironmental interpretation of the Salamanca and Banco Negro Inferior Fms. in their southwestern outcrops and places macroflora fossil localities in stratigraphic context. The Salamanca Fm. in the area 25-40 km south of Sarmiento, Argentina consists of ten facies and four facies associations representing a transgression onto continental Cretaceous facies followed by regression and infilling of marine, tidal facies. -
Getting the Economic Theory Right - the First Steps
IIFET 2010 Montpellier Proceedings The Way Forward: Getting the Economic Theory Right - The First Steps Gordon R. Munro PhD, Department of Economic and Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia; CEMARE, University of Portsmouth [email protected] ABSTRACT The University of British Columbia based Global Ocean Economics Project will, in its second phase, be addressing the issue of the rebuilding of hitherto overexploited capture fisheries. In so doing, it looks forward to working closely with the OECD. The paper argues that the first step in this second phase is to ensure that the underlying theoretical foundation is sound. Restoring overexploited capture fisheries, to a marked degree, involves the rebuilding of fish stocks. If fish stocks constitute “natural” capital, then a program of rebuilding the fish stocks is, by definition, an investment program. The paper argues that, while the theory of capital, as it pertains to fisheries is reasonably well in hand, the theory of investment pertaining to fisheries is not. This paper is designed to get the discussion of the theory of investment in fish resources underway. It does so by focussing on the highly sensitive policy question of the optimal rate of investment in such resources. The maximum rate of resource investment is achieved, of course, by declaring an outright harvest moratorium. Keywords: Natural capital, Theory of investment, Non-malleable capital Introduction The Global Ocean Economics Project (GOEP), in the work that it has done to date, is in agreement with the World Bank/FAO report, The Sunken Billions (World Bank and FAO, 2009) that the world capture fishery resources are far from realizing their economic potential1, with a key reason being that they have been subject to extensive overexploitation. -
Instructions for Use Mode D'emploi EQUATION of TIME Calibre 2120/2808 Selfwinding
Instructions for use Mode d’emploi EQUATION OF TIM E Calibre 2120/2808 Selfwinding 12 13 1 5 11 14 d 2 7 e 9 6 f 10 8 4 3 B C A B C ENGLISH 1. Introduction p 49 5. Basic functions p 78 The Manufacture Audemars Piguet Setting the time Generality Time-zone adjustments Winding the watch 2. About time p 56 Adjusting the perpetual calendar indications Times-zones Corrections if the watch has stopped for less than 3 days The units of time English Corrections if the watch has stopped for more The calendars than 3 days The earth’s coordinates Procedure for corrections 1. Date, day, month and leap year 3. Watch description p 62 2. The moon phase Views of the movement 3. The day Movement technical data 4. Sunrise, sunset and the equation of time of contents Table Specificities 5. Setting the time Watch indications and functions 6. Accessories p 83 4. Watch indications p 66 Rotating presentation case The perpetual calendar Setting stylus The astronomical moon The time equation 7. Additional comments p 85 True noon and mean noon Indication of sunrise and sunset times 46 47 The Manufacture h Audemars Piguet Englis The Vallée de Joux : cradle of the watchmaker’s art n the heart of the Swiss Jura, around 50 kilometres I north of Geneva, nestles a landscape which has retained its natural charm to this day : the Vallée de Joux. Around the mid-18th century, the harsh Introduction 1. climate of this mountainous region and soil depletion drove the farming community settled there to seek other sources of income. -
Marine Foods Sourced from Farther As Their Use of Global Ocean Primary Production Increases
ARTICLE Received 27 May 2014 | Accepted 30 Apr 2015 | Published 16 Jun 2015 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8365 OPEN Marine foods sourced from farther as their use of global ocean primary production increases Reg A. Watson1, Gabrielle B. Nowara2, Klaas Hartmann1, Bridget S. Green1, Sean R. Tracey1 & Chris G. Carter1 The growing human population must be fed, but historic land-based systems struggle to meet expanding demand. Marine production supports some of the world’s poorest people but increasingly provides for the needs of the affluent, either directly by fishing or via fodder- based feeds for marine and terrestrial farming. Here we show the expanding footprint of humans to utilize global ocean productivity to feed themselves. Our results illustrate how incrementally each year, marine foods are sourced farther from where they are consumed and moreover, require an increasing proportion of the ocean’s primary productivity that underpins all marine life. Though mariculture supports increased consumption of seafood, it continues to require feeds based on fully exploited wild stocks. Here we examine the ocean’s ability to meet our future demands to 2100 and find that even with mariculture supple- menting near-static wild catches our growing needs are unlikely to be met without significant changes. 1 Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Taroona, Tasmania 7001, Australia. 2 EcoMarine MetaResearch, Sandy Bay, Tasmania 7006, Australia. Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to R.A.W. (emal: [email protected]). NATURE COMMUNICATIONS | 6:7365 | DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8365 | www.nature.com/naturecommunications 1 & 2015 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved. -
Wild Patagonia & Central Chile
WILD PATAGONIA & CENTRAL CHILE: PUMAS, PENGUINS, CONDORS & MORE! October 30 – November 16, 2018 SANTIAGO–HUMBOLDT EXTENSION: ANDES, WETLANDS & ALBATROSS GALORE! November 14-20, 2018 ©2018 Breathtaking Chile! Whether exploring wild Patagonia, watching a Puma hunting a herd of Guanaco against a backdrop of snow-capped spires, enjoying the fascinating antics of a raucous King Penguin colony in Tierra del Fuego, observing a pair of hulking Magellanic Woodpeckers or colorful friendly Tapaculos in a towering Southern Beech forest, or sipping fine wine in a comfortable lodge, this lovely, modern South American country is destined to captivate you! Hosteira Pehoe in Torres Del Paine National Park © Andrew Whittaker Wild Patagonia and Central Chile, Page 2 On this exciting new tour, we will experience the majestic scenery and abundant wildlife of Chile, widely regarded among the most beautiful countries in the world! From Santiago & Talca, in south- central Chile, to the famous Chilean Lake district, charming Chiloe Island to wild Patagonia and Tierra del Fuego in the far south, we will seek out all the special birds, mammals, and vivid landscapes for which the country is justly famous. Our visit is timed for the radiant southern spring when the weather is at its best, colorful blooming wildflowers abound, birds are outfitted in stunning breeding plumage & singing, and photographic opportunities are at their peak. Perhaps most exciting, we will have the opportunity to observe the intimate and poorly known natural history of wild Pumas amid spectacular Torres del Paine National Park, often known as the 8th wonder of the World! Chile is a wonderful place for experiencing nature.