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Recommendation of the Executive Director and assessment of cultural heritage significance under Part 3 of the Heritage Act 2017

Name All Saints Location 315 All Saints Road, Wahgunyah, Indigo Shire Date Registered 9 October 1974 VHR Number VHR H0333 VHR Categor(ies) Registered Place, Registered Objects Integral to a Registered Place Hermes Number 1173

All Saints Winery (February 2019) EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR RECOMMENDATION TO THE HERITAGE COUNCIL: To amend the existing registration for VHR H0333 in accordance with s.62 of the Heritage Act 2017 by:  Clarifying the extent of registration  Adding a permit policy and permit exemptions in accordance with s.49(3) of the Act  Updating the Statement of Significance.

Reasons for the proposed amendment: The registration of All Saints Winery, which was gazetted in 1974 in the Historic Register, requires updating. No land could be registered under the Historic Buildings Act and only buildings are included in early registrations, not the land on which they sit or an appropriate setting. Places registered since this time include both buildings and land. Early registrations are currently being updated for consistency and to reflect this change. Under s.49(1)(d) of the Heritage Act 2017 the Heritage Council may include additional land to registered places. It is also recommended that Registered Objects Integral to a Registered Place are included, the Statement of Significance is revised and Permit Policy and Permit Exemptions added.

The existing registration documentation is provided at Attachment 1 of this report.

STEVEN AVERY Executive Director Recommendation Date: 14 March 2019 Advertising Period: 22 March 2019 – 20 May 2019

This recommendation report has been issued by the Executive Director, Heritage Victoria under s.37 of the Heritage Act 2017. It has not been considered or endorsed by the Heritage Council of Victoria.

1 Name: All Saints Winery VHR number: VHR H0333 Hermes number: 1173

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AMENDMENT BACKGROUND An application to amend this registration was accepted by the Executive Director on 18 February 2019.

Adding land The registration of All Saints Winery, which was gazetted in 1974 in the Historic Buildings Register, requires updating. No land could be registered under the Historic Buildings Act and only buildings are included in early registrations, not the land on which they sit or an appropriate setting. Places registered since this time include both buildings and land. Early registrations are currently being updated for consistency and to reflect this change. Under s.49(1)(d) of the Heritage Act 2017 the Heritage Council may include additional land to registered places. This will clarify the Extent of Registration and provide certainty about what exactly it includes.

Registered Objects Integral to a Registered Place With the passage of the Heritage Act (2017) it has become possible to include objects integral to a place in a registration. It is recommended that Registered Objects Integral to a Registered Place are included in this registration, being the grape press and a collection of large maturation .

Updating Permit Policy and permit exemptions There are currently no Permit Exemptions attached to the place. A Permit Policy and Permit Exemptions are proposed to clarify which works can be carried out without a Permit Application.

Statement of Significance It is proposed that the Statement of Significance be revised and updated to the current format.

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RECOMMENDED EXTENT OF REGISTRATION

1. All of the place shown hatched on Diagram 333 encompassing parts of Crown Allotment 1C Section 6 Township of Carlyle and Crown Allotment 1A Section 1 Parish of Carlyle. 2. All of the objects listed here integral to and located at the place: a. Grape press b. Large timber maturation barrels

The extent of registration of place or object name in the Victorian Heritage Register affects the whole place shown on Diagram 333 including the land, buildings (exteriors and interiors), driveways, trees and landscape elements, Registered Objects Integral to the Place and other features. The registration also includes all fixtures attached to the buildings at the time of registration.

The recommended extent is the same as the nominated extent.

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AERIAL PHOTO OF THE PLACE SHOWING PROPOSED REGISTRATION

RATIONALE FOR EXTENT The recommended extent of registration encompasses the winery complex including central cellar, homestead, and outbuildings. It includes significant landscape elements such as the avenue of elms and provides for an appropriate setting. Sufficient land is included to protect the cultural heritage values of the place.

It is proposed that the grape press and large timber maturation barrels are included in the registration as Registered Objects Integral to the Registered Place. They date from the decades of the winery’s establishment and demonstrate early processes and are integral to the State level cultural heritage significance of the place.

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CHANGE OF HERITAGE CATEGORY Current category Registered Place.

Proposed category Registered Heritage Place, Registered Objects Integral to a Registered Place.

BACKGROUND WHAT IS AT THE PLACE? All Saints Winery is a winery complex located near Wahgunyah in north‐west Victoria close to the banks of the Murray River built on a above the river flats. Central to the complex is a striking cellar of red brick with distinctive castellated parapet and prominent square tower. The cellar building (1885‐1895) contains early winemaking infrastructure and equipment such as fermentation vats and a grape press. A basic timber‐framed dormitory building (c.1870) with bunks and , built to Chinese labourers, lies on a small rise to the north of the cellar. Stables (c.1870) lie to the west and a homestead to the south. A table cellar, designed by architect Philp Cox and constructed in 1968, stands to the east. Access is via a formal driveway lined with large elm trees (planted c.1880s). Modern warehouse sheds (2015) have been added to the western elevation of the main cellar building. Although there are some other established trees, much of the additional plantings, tree avenue and landscaping largely date from the 1990s. All Saints Winery still operates as a and winery.

WHAT IS THE HISTORY OF THE PLACE? George Sutherland Smith and John Banks established All Saints Winery in 1869 after migrating from Scotland in 1853. Chinese labourers were employed in the establishment and early expansion of the winery throughout the 1870s. In 1885 Sutherland Smith began work on what is now the principal cellar building and land under vines continued to expand into the 1890s. The winery stayed in the ownership of the Smith family until the 1980s. It was purchased by Peter Brown of Brown Brothers in 1993 and remains in the Brown family.

WHO ARE THE TRADITIONAL OWNERS/REGISTERED ABORIGINAL PARTY(IES) FOR THIS PLACE? This site is part of the traditional land of the Yorta Yorta people. The Yorta Yorta Nation Aboriginal Corporation is the Registered Aboriginal Party.

STATEMENT OF CULTURAL HERITAGE SIGNIFICANCE

WHAT IS SIGNIFICANT? The All Saints Winery complex including the land, buildings (exteriors and interiors), driveways, trees and landscape elements, early winemaking infrastructure and objects, vineyard setting and other features. The registration also includes all fixtures attached to the buildings at the time of registration.

HOW IS IT SIGNIFICANT? All Saints Winery is of historical and architectural significance to the State of Victoria. It satisfies the following criterion for inclusion in the Victorian Heritage Register:

Criterion A Importance to the course, or pattern, of Victoria’s cultural history.

Criterion D Importance in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a class of cultural places and objects. 5 Name: All Saints Winery VHR number: VHR H0333 Hermes number: 1173

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WHY IS IT SIGNIFICANT? All Saints Winery is significant at the State level for the following reasons:

All Saints Winery is historically significant for its clear association with the development of and in Victoria. It is one of Victoria’s oldest wineries and is indicative of the establishment and expansion of the industry in Victoria. This association is evident in the physical fabric of the place – including the distinctive cellar building, array of early ancillary buildings with specific functions and early wine production facilities. [Criterion A]

All Saints Winery is architecturally significant as a fine example of a winery complex. The substantial above‐ ground cellar is distinctive in design and presents an unusual monumental quality with prominent square tower, castellated detailing and expansive brick . The cellar is located at the centre of a largely intact winery complex which includes buildings, processing facilities and equipment (including the grape press and large timber maturation barrels) which date from the early decades of the winery’s establishment. [Criterion D]

PROPOSED PERMIT POLICY Preamble The purpose of the Permit Policy is to assist when considering or making decisions regarding works to a registered place. It is recommended that any proposed works be discussed with an officer of Heritage Victoria prior to making a permit application. Discussing proposed works will assist in answering questions the owner may have and aid any decisions regarding works to the place.

The extent of registration of All Saints Winery in the Victorian Heritage Register affects the whole place shown on Diagram 333 including the land, buildings (exteriors and interiors), driveways, trees, landscape elements and other features. Under the Heritage Act 2017 a person must not remove or demolish, damage or despoil, develop or alter or excavate, relocate or disturb the position of any part of a registered place or object without approval. It is acknowledged, however, that alterations and other works may be required to keep places and objects in good repair and adapt them for use into the future.

If a person wishes to undertake works or activities in relation to a registered place or registered object, they must apply to the Executive Director, Heritage Victoria for a permit. The purpose of a permit is to enable appropriate change to a place and to effectively manage adverse impacts on the cultural heritage significance of a place as a consequence of change. If an owner is uncertain whether a heritage permit is required, it is recommended that Heritage Victoria be contacted.

Permits are required for anything which alters the place or object, unless a permit exemption is granted. Permit exemptions usually cover routine maintenance and upkeep issues faced by owners as well as minor works or works to the elements of the place or object that are not significant. They may include appropriate works that are specified in a conservation management plan. Permit exemptions can be granted at the time of registration (under s.38 of the Heritage Act) or after registration (under s.92 of the Heritage Act). It should be noted that the addition of new buildings to the registered place, as well as alterations to the interior and exterior of existing buildings requires a permit, unless a specific permit exemption is granted.

Conservation management plans The All Saints Conservation Plan was completed in 1996 for the Historic Buildings Council. It is recommended that an up‐to‐date Conservation Management Plan is completed to guide future decision making about the registered place.

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Aboriginal cultural heritage If works are proposed which have the potential to disturb or have an impact on Aboriginal cultural heritage it is necessary to contact Aboriginal Victoria to ascertain any requirements under the Aboriginal Heritage Act 2006. If any Aboriginal cultural heritage is discovered or exposed at any time it is necessary to immediately contact Aboriginal Victoria to ascertain requirements under the Aboriginal Heritage Act 2006.

Other approvals Please be aware that approval from other authorities (such as local government) may be required to undertake works.

Archaeology Any works that may affect historical archaeological features, deposits or artefacts at the place is likely to require a permit, permit exemption or consent. Advice should be sought from the Archaeology Team at Heritage Victoria.

Cultural heritage significance Overview of significance The cultural heritage significance of All Saints Winery lies in the fact it is a fine and substantially intact winery complex that retains a range of buildings and other elements associated with the early establishment and subsequent expansion of the wine industry in Victoria.

PROPOSED PERMIT EXEMPTIONS (UNDER SECTION 38 OF THE HERITAGE ACT) It should be noted that Permit Exemptions can be granted at the time of registration (under s.38 of the Heritage Act). Permit Exemptions can also be applied for and granted after registration (under s.92 of the Heritage Act).

General Condition 1 All exempted alterations are to be planned and carried out in a manner which prevents damage to the fabric of the registered place or object.

General Condition 2 Should it become apparent during further inspection or the carrying out of works that original or previously hidden or inaccessible details of the place or object are revealed which relate to the significance of the place or object, then the exemption covering such works shall cease and Heritage Victoria shall be notified as soon as possible.

General Condition 3 All works should ideally be informed by Conservation Management Plans prepared for the place. The Executive Director is not bound by any Conservation Management Plan and permits must still be obtained for works suggested in any Conservation Management Plan.

General Condition 4 Nothing in this determination prevents the Heritage Council from amending or rescinding all or any of the permit exemptions.

General Condition 5 Nothing in this determination exempts owners or their agents from the responsibility to seek relevant planning or building permits from the relevant responsible authority, where applicable.

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Specific Permit Exemptions

Agricultural activities  All processes to allow for the continuation of existing agricultural and viticultural practices including cultivation, cropping, pruning, harvesting and other activities necessary for the usual operation of the place.  Maintenance or repair of fences, , trellises or similar structure necessary for the continuation of existing agricultural or viticultural activities.

Landscape  The process of gardening including mowing, hedge clipping, bedding displays, removal of dead shrubs, planting and replanting of garden beds, disease and weed control, and maintenance to care for existing plants.  Replanting of 1990s garden beds immediately to the east of the cellar building with low level plantings that maintain the area as a setting for the cellar building.  Repairs and maintenance to hard landscape elements, such as driveways and car parks, paths, paving, steps, gutters, drainage and irrigation systems, in a manner which preserves the cultural heritage significance of the place.  Management and maintenance of trees in the avenue of elms including formative and remedial pruning, removal of deadwood, pest and disease control, cabling and similar supportive works provided that work is carried out by a qualified arborist.  Management and maintenance of dead or dangerous trees other than those in the avenue of elms to maintain public safety and to protect buildings and structures.  Removal of plants listed as noxious weeds in the Catchment and Land Protection Act 1994.  Vegetation protection and management of possums and vermin.

Event operations  Works associated with short term events including: o The introduction of temporary structures such as marquees provided that structures will be erected within and used for a maximum period of six weeks after which they are removed, and the structures are not located in a place or in a way where they could damage any fabric. o The introduction of temporary security fencing, scaffolding, hoardings or surveillance systems for a maximum period of six weeks after which they will be removed, and the structures are not located in a place or in a way where they could damage any fabric.  Temporary works for event purposes, for example, the establishment of temporary wayfinding/directional signage.

Interiors  Internal alterations to the 2015 warehouse shed on the west of the cellar building and the modern structure known as The Terrace Restaurant on the north provided alterations do not impact interfaces with heritage fabric.

Maintenance  All works required to maintain, secure and make safe buildings and structures including the removal of broken glass, the temporary shuttering of and covering of holes as long as this work is reversible and does not have a detrimental impact on fabric.  Maintenance of an item to retain its condition without large‐scale removal of or damage to the existing fabric or the large‐scale introduction of new materials. Repairs must maximise protection and retention of fabric and include the conservation of existing details or elements. Any new materials used for repair must not exacerbate the decay of existing fabric due to chemical

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incompatibility, obscure existing fabric or limit access to existing fabric for future maintenance.  Painting of previously painted surfaces in the same colour provided that preparation or painting does not remove all early paint finishes or other decorative schemes.  Replacement of existing services such as cabling, , wiring and fire services that uses existing routes, conduits or voids, and does not involve damage to or the removal of significant fabric.  Removal of non‐original items such as wiring, antennae, aerials etc and making good in a manner not detrimental to the fabric.  Erecting, repairing and maintaining signage (directional signage, road signs, speed signs, event signage). Signage must be located and be of a suitable size and type so as not to obscure or damage heritage fabric and must be able to be removed later without causing damage to the place.  All maintenance and repairs to the 2015 warehouse shed necessary to maintain it in its existing condition.

Fire suppression  Fire suppression activities such as fuel reduction burns provided that they are done in a manner that is not detrimental to the buildings or avenue of elms.

Public safety and security  Public safety and security activities provided that they are done in a manner which is not detrimental to the fabric of the place.  Emergency stabilisation necessary to secure safety where a feature has been irreparably damaged or destabilised and represents a safety risk to its users or the public. Urgent or emergency site works are to be undertaken by an appropriately qualified specialist such as a structural engineer and reported to the Executive Director within 21 days of the completion of works.

RELEVANT INFORMATION Local Government Authority Indigo Shire Council Heritage Overlay HO216 Heritage Overlay Controls External Paint: No Internal Alteration: No Tree: No Other Overlays Bushfire Management Overlay Environmental Significance Overlay Floodway Overlay Land Subject to Inundation Overlay Victorian Aboriginal Heritage Register Yes Other Listings National Trust Other Names All Saints Estate All Saints Winery Estate All Saints Vineyard

HISTORY George Sutherland Smith and John Banks migrated from Scotland in 1853 and established All Saints Winery in 1869. Chinese labourers were employed in the establishment and early expansion of the winery throughout the 1870s. The winery won the first gold medal for in 1873 at the London International Exhibition. The winery expanded in reaction to a growing local demand for wine and extension of the train line to Rutherglen, and in 1881 All Saints opened cellars in Melbourne. In 1885 Sutherland Smith began work on what is now the principal cellar building, which was largely complete by the 1890s, and land

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under vines continued to expand into the 1890s. All Saints had one of the largest storages in Australia, renowned for prime fortified . The winery stayed in the ownership of the Smith family until the 1980s. It was purchased by Peter Brown of Brown Brothers in 1993 and substantial renovation and landscaping works were carried out. It remains in the Brown family and continues to function as a vineyard and winery.

CONSTRUCTION DETAILS Architect name: Unknown Architectural style name: Victorian Tudor Builder name: Unknown Construction started date: c.1870 Construction ended date: 1895

PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION The All Saints Winery is located in Wahgunyah in north‐east Victoria in a region with a strong association with and winemaking. It is a winery complex situated on a predominately flat site above the flood line of the Murray River which lies a short distance to the west. The complex includes a central cellar (1885‐ 1895) and a series of ancillary buildings including a homestead (1870s), dormitory (1870s), stables (1870s), cool store (c.1897) and cellar (1968). The buildings are within a setting of vineyards and landscaped grounds. The complex is approached from the east via a driveway with formal gated entrance (1990s) and avenue of large English elms (Ulmus procera). Established in the late nineteenth century, the elm avenue frames views of the central cellar building. The cellar building is an imposing red brick structure that contains fermentation and established in early decades of the winery’s operation. The substantial cellar is distinctive in design and presents an unusual monumental quality with prominent square tower on the south‐east corner, castellated pediment and expansive brick walls with minimal openings. Sheds on the west side of the cellar were demolished in 2015 and modern warehouse sheds added. Immediately to the north‐east of the main cellar is the Philip Cox designed table wine cellar (1968) that mirrors the main cellar in its choice of materials, minimal openings and squat form. The lie to the north of the cellar and are a basic timber frame construction and corrugated sheet cladding. The homestead lies to the south of the cellar and is surrounded by shrubs and plantings. Decorative posts mark the entry to the homestead precinct. The stables to the west of the cellar are of similar red brick to the main building but exhibit a contrasting style with decorative curved gables and arched openings. An avenue of London Plane trees (Platanus × acerifolia) was planted by Peter Brown in the 1990s and mirrors the avenue of elms.

Landscape The driveway with its long avenue of elms is a significant feature. Landscaping of grounds immediately to the east of the cellar dates from the 1990s.

Interiors The interior of the cellar building contains early winemaking infrastructure such as concrete fermentation vats. The interior of the dormitory contains timber bunks, and stove.

Objects integral There is a grape press and large timber maturation barrels which date from the era of the winery’s establishment. These are currently located in the cellar building. These objects are integral to the heritage significance of the place.

Archaeology There is no identified archaeology of State level significance within the extent of registration.

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INTEGRITY/INTACTNESS Intactness – The intactness of much of the place is very good. While the central cellar building, stables and homestead have been altered they retain a substantial amount of significant fabric and their original function is readily apparent. The of the dormitory was reconstructed in the 1990s and non‐original alterations removed. The most significant landscape element, the avenue of elms, is substantially intact (February 2019).

Integrity – The integrity of the place is excellent. The cultural heritage values can be easily read in extant fabric (February 2019).

CONDITION The majority of the place is in excellent condition. The cellar and its early winemaking infrastructure, stables, homestead and table wine cellar are all still in use and well maintained. There is some termite and water damage to the homestead. The dormitories are in fair condition but maintained in an appropriate state (February 2019).

KEY REFERENCES USED TO PREPARE ASSESSMENT Dunstan, David (1994) Better than Pommard!: A in Victoria Freeman, Peter (2002) Indigo Shire Heritage , Volume 1 Part 1. Pennay, Bruce & Young, Kenneth (1994) All Saints Winery: Conservation Analysis and Management Plan

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ADDITIONAL IMAGES Dormitory Table wine cellar

Stables

Homestead

Elm avenue

Tower

2019, Tower and east elevation of cellar building.

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2019, Cellar interior.

2019, Dormitory.

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2019, Dormitory interior.

2019, Homestead.

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2019, Stables.

2018, Table wine cellar.

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2018, Large maturation barrels. These date from the era in which the winery was established.

2018, fermentation vats and grape press (shown at the rear).

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1905, view looking north east. Source: The Australian Vigneron and Fruit Growers Journal

1889, All Saints Homestead Building. (The tower was demolished in the 1950s but the house remains). Source: Australasian Sketcher

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c.1880s. Source: Museum Victoria

c.1880s, All Saints Homestead Building. (The tower was demolished in the 1950s but the house remains). Source: Museum Victoria

c.1880s, the grape press. Source: onsite interpretation

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ATTACHMENT 1 EXISTING REGISTRATION DETAILS TO BE SUPERSEDED BY THE FOREGOING RECOMMENDATION

EXISTING CATEGORY OF REGISTRATION Heritage place.

EXISTING EXTENT OF REGISTRATION Shire of Rutherglen. No.333. All Saints Winery, All Saints Road, Wahgunyah. [Victoria Government Gazette No 100 Wednesday, October 9 1974 p.3650]

There is currently no extent diagram for the place.

EXISTING STATEMENT OF CULTURAL HERITAGE SIGNIFICANCE The All Saints Winery was established by GS Smith and J Banks in 1864 and is owned and operated by Smith's descendants. The present winery was erected c.1880. It comprises an extensive above ground series of cellars accommodating rows of giant timber vats and is encircled by castellated brick walls with a square corner tower. A spirit stove was added in the mid 1890s. There are several outbuildings and an extensive collection of old winemaking equipment. This is one of Victoria’s oldest wineries and is perhaps the largest oak wine storage in Australia. It has been in the Smith family since it was established in 1864. The present wine structure is unique and presents an unusual monumental quality. The uninterrupted brick walls with simple openings and castellated detailing are distinctive features. The giant timber vats and collection of old winemaking equipment is notable. The winery is picturesquely situated at the end of an avenue of elms. The buildings still serve their original purpose and there have been only minor alterations to their overall original appearance.

[Source: Register of the National Estate]

EXISTING PERMIT POLICY There is currently no permit policy.

EXISTING PERMIT EXEMPTIONS There are currently no permit exemptions for the place.

19 Name: All Saints Winery VHR number: VHR H0333 Hermes number: 1173