Fellows Program Year One Handbook 2016–17

Phone: (703) 914-5602 · (800) 813-9209 [email protected] www.cslewisinstitute.org

Original Author: Thomas A. Tarrants, III, D.Min.

Revised by: Karl Johnson, M.M.S., M.A. Daniel E. Osborn, M.B.A. Thomas A. Tarrants, III, D.Min. Bill Smith, M.Div.

ISBN-13: 978-1522714224

Please note: Every effort has been made to ensure the contents of this handbook are accurate, but websites, links and availability of resources can change over time. If you find errors, encounter difficulties in accessing or obtaining study materials, or have any other questions about this handbook, please email [email protected].

C.S. Lewis Institute Fellows Program | Year One Handbook 2016-17 2 Fellows Program Year One Handbook 2016–17

3 C.S. Lewis Institute Fellows Program | Year One Handbook 2016-17 Contents Contents President’s Letter...... 1 How to Grow through the Fellows Program...... 3 Time Management...... 3 Obedience ...... 3 Prayer ...... 3 Fellows Program Design...... 4 Monthly Themes and Assignments...... 4 Bible Study First...... 4 Articulate, Defend and Live Your Faith in Jesus Christ...... 4 The Role of Apologetics in the Program...... 5 Monthly Response Paper...... 5 Resources for the Fellows Program...... 5 Obtaining Resources...... 5 Resource Options...... 5 Resource List...... 6 Recommended Resources...... 7 Appendix of Resources...... 7 Structure and Schedule...... 7 Overview...... 7 Orientation...... 7 Summer Assignments...... 7 Fall Retreat...... 8 Monthly Lectures...... 8 Monthly Mentoring Meeting...... 8 Monthly Triplet/Quad Meeting...... 9 Group Fellowship...... 9 Urban Plunge...... 9 Apologetics Workshop...... 10 Special Meetings...... 10

C.S. Lewis Institute Fellows Program | Year One Handbook 2016-17 4 Contents Contents Program Costs...... 10 Practicing Discipleship of Heart and Mind...... 10 Applying the Fellows Program...... 10 Disciple-Making Plan...... 10 Ministry Resources...... 11 Orientation Assignments: Creating Margin and Restructuring Our Time...... 12 Summer Kick-Off Meeting: The Fatherhood of God...... 16 June: Receiving God’s Grace...... 20 July: Understanding True Conversion...... 26 August: Following Jesus Christ...... 32 Fall Retreat Preparation Checklist...... 38 September: Walking in the Holy Spirit...... 40 October: Being Transformed by Scripture...... 48 November: Living a Life of Love & Obedience...... 56 December: Walking in Humility...... 64 January: Growing in Prayer & Faith...... 72 February: Pursuing God’s Call on Your Life...... 80 March: Commending the Faith – Cultural Apologetics...... 88 April: Sharing the Faith – Conversational Apologetics...... 96 May: Our Mission – Making Disciples...... 104 Appendix: For Further Study – Classified Apologetics Bibliography...... 112

5 C.S. Lewis Institute Fellows Program | Year One Handbook 2016-17 President’s Letter

“Mere change is not growth. Growth is the synthesis of change and continuity, and where there is no continuity there is no growth.”

— C.S. Lewis • Selected Literary Essays

C.S. Lewis Institute Fellows Program | Year One Handbook 2016-17 6 President’s Letter

Dear C.S. Lewis Institute Fellow, As the President of the C.S. Lewis Institute, I would like to welcome you to the C.S. Lewis Institute Fellows program. You are joining us at a special time as CSLI is celebrating 40 years of heart and mind discipleship since our founding in 1976. Our theme for the year is from C.S. Lewis’s Last Battle in which Aslan calls the citizens of Narnia to “Come further up and further in!” My prayer for you is that you will pursue the Lord and find yourself in deeper fellowship with the Lord and better equipped to serve Him and the world through this experience. You are about to embark upon a year-long journey with men and women throughout the United States and Great Britain who have committed themselves to a program of intentional discipleship of heart and mind. Over 2,000 others to date, from over 100 different churches, have gone through this program, which, in the legacy of C.S. Lewis, seeks to develop disciples who are able to articulate, defend and live their faith in Christ in personal and public life. As one of our co-founders, Jim Houston stated, “The goal of the C.S. Lewis Institute is not to make more fans of Lewis, but to make thousands more people LIKE Lewis.” Lewis was a sinner saved by grace, like all of us, yet he sought to be wholeheartedly devoted to following Jesus and this came out in his professional life of teaching, writings, relationships, family life and in his worship. The Fellows program has been carefully thought out and field tested over the past 15 years. It is based on biblical principles of discipleship from the life of Jesus and the apostles. I encourage you to view this year-long training as a marathon race rather than a sprint. Be steady and consistent in your personal study and assignments. Develop relationships with other Fellows in your small group by making time for them. Meet monthly with your Mentor and allow him or her to ask you deep questions and to pray for you. Seek the Lord daily and ask for his blessing and direction during this year. At the end of the Fellows year, we hope that you will have grown closer to Jesus, to one another and that your commitment to making disciples in all areas of your life will be foremost in your mind. So begin praying now for the Lord to show you how you might more effectively make disciples in your home, church, neighborhood and workplace this year and for the rest of your life. We look forward to you joining CSLI Fellows who are now all over the world playing their role in the Great Commission by serving in the various trades, professions and ministries to which the Lord has called them. May the Lord bless you abundantly with life to the full as you seek to be disciple-makers in the name of Jesus! Grace & Peace,

Joel S. Woodruff, Ed.D., President C.S. Lewis Institute

1 C.S. Lewis Institute Fellows Program | Year One Handbook 2016-17 How to Grow Through the Fellows Program

“Now the proper good of a creature is to surrender itself to its Creator – to enact intellectually, volitionally, and emotionally, that relationship which is given in the mere fact of its being a creature. When it does so, it is good and happy.”

— C.S. Lewis • The Problem of Pain

C.S. Lewis Institute Fellows Program | Year One Handbook 2016-17 2 How to Grow Through the Fellows Program

How to Grow through the Fellows Program

The C.S. Lewis Fellows Program is designed to foster life Obedience transformation and to prepare you to engage the world God wants us to be truthful before Him in our innermost for Christ. However, this outcome is not automatic. The being (Ps. 50:6). To grow we must open ourselves to program’s impact on your life is directly proportional Him and remain open, asking Him often to free us to the depth of your commitment to and engagement from self-deception, to enlighten our ignorance and to with it. It is essential that you re-order your life to seek search our hearts and reveal anything we must change or God more earnestly in the days ahead. This is chiefly forsake, especially our sins (Ps. 139:23-24). a matter of the heart’s desire for intimacy with God. In order to be realized, this desire must be expressed We will only grow as we respond to the truth God shows in concrete ways. us with “the obedience of faith.” Obedience is the fruit of loving Jesus Christ (Jn. 14:15) and a “key that opens Time Management all doors” (C.S. Lewis). To be sure, our obedience must flow from love for God and not from servile fear If we want to know God more intimately, we must make and dread. Nonetheless, we must obey or we will grow time for God and give Him our attention. God does not content with unlived truth and become increasingly give Himself to casual seekers; He gives Himself to those self-deceived (Jas. 1:22-25). If you are living in deliberate who earnestly seek Him in faith, for “without faith it is disobedience to God’s Word in any area of your life, you will impossible to please Him” (Heb. 11:6). Therefore, you not grow until you deal with that sin. will want to commit yourself to a full engagement of mind and heart in the pursuit of God and make the time necessary to do so. Prayer As you go through the program, pray often for God On the critical issue of time, it is important to recognize the Holy Spirit to teach you. Pray before you read the that contemporary life is far too busy and far too Bible, books or articles. Pray before you listen to lectures. pressured and stressful to be healthy for the soul. While Pray before each writing assignment. Pray before each God expects us to give a day’s work for a day’s pay, He time of fellowship. also expects us to devote time to seek to know Him. He says, “Be still and know that I am God.” Through Ask God to help you have “ears to hear.” Also pray often quietness before Him in prayer, study and meditation, that God will work into you (and your group) a genuine we can come to know Him better. desire and determination to do His will from the heart, a courage to face and forsake all that is displeasing to Him, You must manage your schedule ruthlessly (or it a readiness to embrace all that is good, a prompt, cheerful will manage you), and you will need to re-order your and trusting obedience and a passion to see His purposes priorities to eliminate things of lesser value. Recall for your life be fulfilled for His glory. that Jesus tells us to count the cost of discipleship to Him (Lk. 9:23; Mk. 8:34). In Following the Master, Michael If you do this, you can be sure that God will answer you, Wilkins unpacks what this means for our lives: “to count because you will be praying His will (1 Jn. 5:14-15) and the cost meant to recognize that one entered into the asking for the good things He wants to give you (Mt. life of discipleship through detachment from competing 7:7-12). allegiances” (p.211). Remember, anything to which you Ask two praying friends to be regular intercessors for say ‘yes’ means that you are saying ‘no’ to something you during the program. Each month, email them the else. The Fellows Program is not something you can introductory paragraph for the month’s theme so they simply add to your already busy life. You will need to know how to pray in general. Regularly update them give up various things in your life to create the time with individual requests and areas of needed growth you need for this pursuit. (see Response Paper below) so they know how to pray specifically.

3 C.S. Lewis Institute Fellows Program | Year One Handbook 2016-17 Fellows Program Design

Fellows Program Design

Monthly Themes and Assignments requirements, you will need to drop out and re-apply at a To gain the full benefit of the C.S. Lewis Fellows time when your schedule permits full engagement. Program, it is important to understand the rationale behind its design. The program is built around a series Bible Study First of biblical themes that lie at the heart of Christian life, Reading, meditating and memorizing assigned Scripture which is a life of discipleship. You can view these themes establishes the foundation for each monthly theme. collectively as the “radioactive core” of biblical truth. The Bible study questions help you mine the text for They are the foundational building blocks upon which the riches they contain and create a baseline for truth. a healthy relationship with God is built and sustained The Institute recommends you set apart a couple of throughout life. hours to work through all of the questions in a single sitting/session. Your written responses to the Bible The Fellows Program focuses on only one of these study questions should be turned in to your Mentor building blocks per month in order to immerse you in together with the monthly Response Paper beginning in the truth and to serve as an antidote to today’s culture September. of distraction and multi-tasking. Focusing attention on one subject for a sustained period of time, without After you are grounded in what the Bible has to say distractions, and pondering it from different angles on the theme, move through the other assignments, helps us engage with the theme more deeply, with life- returning to the Scripture often. The Bible, prayer and changing effects. selected assignments form a powerful combination for instructing the heart and mind and shaping the soul, Each theme draws its assignments from the Bible, and they play an important role in the overall process of classic resources, books, articles, movies, etc. View spiritual and theological growth. these resources as a banquet of gourmet spiritual food. The assignments have taken into account different An important part of the C.S. Lewis Fellows Program learning styles, so you will find the subject matter in is taking the time to store God’s Word in your heart written, audio and video formats, and there are action and mind through Scripture memorization. You are assignments that reinforce learning objectives. encouraged to use “3x5” spiral card notebooks to write out the monthly verses. This small booklet can be carried Every assignment serves a particular purpose in throughout the month for review, or it can be placed the overall learning process for the theme, and the where you can review it daily. combination of all the assignments has a synergistic effect that will enhance the learning and transformation processes. Each theme has a checklist to help you track Articulate, Defend and Live Your and complete assignments. Every assignment must Faith in Jesus Christ be completed. Each Fellow shall be held accountable Founded in 1976 by Dr. James Houston and Mr. for completing assignments; be prepared to report the James R. Hiskey, the C.S. Lewis Institute focuses on level of assignment completion each month via the local providing believers access to leading teachers who reporting procedures. address important issues of the day from the perspective of biblical orthodoxy and on discipling individuals. The Reminder: Do not speed read or rush through the name of the C.S. Lewis Institute was chosen because of assignments. If you do, you will lose the full impact. Lewis’s focus on the core essentials of faith, essentials Rather, plan your time to allow for thoughtful, reflective that reach across denominational boundaries. Lewis was engagement with the work. It is particularly important to also an outstanding example of a lay person who came pray before each assignment, asking the Holy Spirit to teach to Christ and lived out his faith in a secular vocation. As and instruct you through the material. a major figure in 20th century Christianity, he was able If you find that you cannot keep up with program to communicate the faith in a profound way that has

C.S. Lewis Institute Fellows Program | Year One Handbook 2016-17 4 Resources for the Fellows Program

impacted many. Thus, it is in his legacy that the Institute The Response Paper is not a book report, nor is it a endeavors to develop disciples who will articulate, defend research paper. When responding to the question, do not and live their faith in Christ in personal and public life. attempt to cover everything you’ve read. Rather, select key ideas that resonate the most deeply and have the Apologetics Evangelism Assignments: Fellows will most relevance. read books and articles, watch a video or listen to audio Each Response Paper should be one to that addresses apologetics issues. Fellows create an three pages in length. Apologetics Notebook in which they will take notes and Your Response Paper will help you focus on and outlines using bullet points or talking points that can crystallize your understanding of key areas in which be used to develop reasonable responses to questions you need to grow and will prepare you to discuss what and challenges to the faith. Action Assignments give the you’ve learned with your triplet, your small group and Fellows an opportunity to apply what they are learning your Mentor. It will also be useful as a type of journal and to reach out to others. The triplets and small groups to which you can return in the future to observe and will discuss these assignments for accountability, prayer give thanks for the work of the Lord in your spiritual support and mutual encouragement. formation and fruitfulness. Apologetics Workshop: In May, a special Apologetics At the end of each Response Paper, write any growth Workshop will focus on developing your conversational goal(s) you might have in a brief paragraph. This will apologetics skills. The workshop will include role-play, be one of the things you’ll want to discuss with your case studies and other forms of active participation. Mentor, and it will help your Mentor pray for you. Bring your Apologetics Notebook and your apologetics (Consider sharing this with those whom you’ve asked to books to the workshop. intercede for you.) Give careful and prayerful thought to your growth goal(s). Be as specific as you can in The Role of Apologetics identifying areas in which you need to ask for God’s in the Program sanctifying grace. Apologetics is simply making a case for what you believe; it can be done at many levels, ranging from casual conversation to formal debate. One need not be a Resources for the brilliant intellectual to be proficient at apologetics. Fellows Program The apologetics in the Fellows Program has two main values. The first is to help you address personal questions Obtaining Resources You may obtain the materials required for the C.S. Lewis and doubts so you are more solidly grounded in your Fellows Program through a variety of means. You may faith. The second is to help you to better explain the purchase, rent or borrow them, but make sure you or- reasons for your faith to those who ask, especially in der/reserve your books well in advance so you have them evangelistic conversations. at least a week or two before they are required. Note: By studying apologetics, you will grow stronger in your some of the books are now available in electronic and beliefs and be more effective in sharing the Gospel. audio formats (i.e., Kindle, Nook), often making them The growing attacks on biblical faith today mean that more affordable. Additionally, some books are now in the all Christians must become better equipped to offer public domain, so a quick internet search could result in appropriate answers (at the appropriate times) to some free downloadable books. We encourage you to use questions and challenges. whatever format works best for you. Monthly Response Paper Resource Options Each month you will write a Response Paper in which Please review the assignment checklist for each month you will respond to a specific question designed to before purchasing resources; some books and movies are reinforce the learning objectives for that month’s theme. optional. Underlined items on the assignment checklist should be accessed through our online Fellows Center

5 C.S. Lewis Institute Fellows Program | Year One Handbook 2016-17 Resources for the Fellows Program

(see below). Additionally, please note that some books are Quiet Time: A Practical Guide for Daily Devotions by used for more than one month. InterVarsity Staff C.S. Lewis Institute Amazon Associates Bookstore: The Knowledge of the Holy by A.W. Tozer http://astore.amazon.com/cslewisinstit-20 Transforming Grace: Living Confidently in God’s Many of the books, e-books, audio and video resources Unfailing Love by Jerry Bridges are available here. A percentage of the sales price is given back to the Institute. The Pursuit of God by A.W. Tozer C.S. Lewis Institute Archives: Beginnings: Understanding How We Experience the New http://www.cslewisinstitute.org/Publications Birth by Stephen Smallman Many of the assigned resources are located in the archives The Cost of Discipleship by Dietrich Bonhoeffer of Knowing & Doing (the Institute’s teaching quarterly), Studies in the Sermon on the Mount by D. Martyn Lloyd- “Reflections” (the Institute’s monthly publication of Jones Lewis’ thoughts for daily life) and Discipleship As You Go (resources selected by theme). Mere Christianity by C.S. Lewis Christian Book Distributors: The Holy Spirit: Activating God’s Power in Your Life by http://www.christianbook.com Billy Graham Christian Classics Ethereal Library: Questioning Evangelism: Engaging People’s Hearts the Way http://www.ccel.org Jesus Did by Randy Newman CCEL is a large collection of classic Christian literature in Spiritual Disciplines for the Christian Life by Donald S. the public domain. Herein lies a rich source of many free Whitney works available for download. Praying the Bible by Donald S. Whitney Audible: http://www.audible.com The God Who Loves You: Love Divine, All Loves Excelling A good source for audio books used in the C.S. Lewis by Peter Kreeft Fellows Program. Love Walked Among Us: Learning to Love Like Jesus by Fellows Center: Paul E. Miller http://www.cslewisinstitute.org/Fellows_Center Humility by Andrew Murray You will find a number of the required resources in The Mark of a Christian by Francis Schaeffer this handbook via hyperlink. These link to a password- protected area of the C.S. Lewis Institute website. You The Screwtape Letters by C.S. Lewis will need a login name and password to access the Fellows The Great Divorce by C.S. Lewis Center (provided by your City Director). These resources tend to be password-protected because of copyright, and The Freedom of Self-Forgetfulness: The Path to True often the usage agreements in place are such that these Christian Joy by Timothy Keller resources can only be used for the Fellows Program and A Praying Life: Connecting with God in a Distracting are not for public distribution. If you cannot access the World by Paul E. Miller Fellows Center or if you find errors and/or broken links, The Autobiography of George Müller by George Müller please email [email protected] (please copy your local Fellows Program Director). The Weight of Glory by C.S. Lewis The Cure for the Common Life: Living in Your Sweet Spot Resource List by Max Lucado It is important to review the assignment checklist for each Mere Apologetics: How to Help Seekers & Skeptics Find month before purchasing any resources: Faith by Alister E. McGrath Ordering Your Private World by Gordon MacDonald

C.S. Lewis Institute Fellows Program | Year One Handbook 2016-17 6 Structure and Schedule

Beyond Opinion: Living the Faith We Defend by Ravi 11. Apologetics Workshop: typically held in conjunction Zacharias with the May lecture Tactics: A Game Plan for Discussing Your Christian 12. Annual Banquet: if applicable to your city; you will Convictions by Gregory Koukl be asked to bring a friend Transforming Discipleship: Making Disciples A Few at A 13. Annual Fellows Luncheon: if applicable to your city Time by Greg Ogden 14. Special Meetings: as required

Recommended Resources Orientation Each month contains a list of recommended resources The Fellows Program formally commences in late May that pertain to that particular theme of study and growth. or early June with Pre-Summer assignments and an These are valuable materials to expand and deepen your Orientation. Attending the Orientation is mandatory. study of that particular theme, but they are not required. At the Orientation, you will receive the Fellows Handbook, a brief on the syllabus and the year ahead, Appendix of Resources and clarification on the schedule and the logistics of the At the end of the Fellows Handbook, this section Fellows Program. You will also be given the chance to contains useful resources on a variety of topics for further ask questions and you will sign the Fellows Program study and growth. Covenant Commitment form.

Summer Assignments Structure and Schedule The assignments for June through August (to include Overview the Pre-Summer assignments) are to be completed The structure for the Year One Fellows Program is as independently without the Fellows meeting with one follows: another. 1. Orientation: late May/early June The summer assignments are designed to lay a 2. Summer Kick-Off Lecture: early to mid-June foundation for subsequent themes and prepare you for the Fall Retreat. Careful pacing and discipline in 3. Summer Assignments: independent study, June completing the summer assignments is essential and through August will help you develop important life management skills 4. Fall Retreat: three-day retreat in late August/early that will aid you throughout the Fellows Program…and September beyond. On June 30, July 31 and August 31, you will 5. Monthly Lectures: the first Saturday of each month, need to submit a copy of the monthly checklist to the October through June Fellows Program Director indicating your progress in completing the assignments for the month. 6. Monthly Mentoring Meeting: one-on-one meeting, September through May The required reading for the summer (and the rest of the year) averages about 250-300 pages per month. 7. Monthly Triplet/Quad Meeting: peer-to-peer Do not speed read or skim the assignments, or you will discipleship, September through May cheat your own spiritual growth and lay an incomplete 8. Group Fellowship: potluck dinner, typically in foundation. The summer assignments are designed October; spouses are encouraged to attend to take three months to complete; they cannot be 9. Urban Plunge: a day-long service project in completed in less time. Trying to compress the work December into less time will significantly diminish the impact upon your heart and mind and defeat the purpose for 10. Christmas Tea: if applicable to your city; you will be entering the Fellows Program. asked to bring a friend Bring a written/printed copy of your completed summer

7 C.S. Lewis Institute Fellows Program | Year One Handbook 2016-17 Structure and Schedule

assignments to the Fall Retreat for submission to your commitment, and this includes attending all scheduled Mentor. meetings. Contact the Director of the Fellows Program if you are ill or have mandatory work-related travel. Fall Retreat Reminder: All monthly assignments and meetings must be The Fellows Program begins meeting corporately with completed prior to the Saturday morning Monthly Lecture. a three-day weekend retreat that commences on a Notify your Mentor if you’re having trouble completing Friday morning and concludes on a Sunday afternoon. your assignments. If you find you cannot keep up with Attending the entire Fall Retreat is mandatory, so the requirements, you will need to drop from the Fellows you must be free of obligations each of those days, most Program and re-apply at a time when your schedule permits notably Friday. You will need to take off from work all full engagement. day that Friday. The typical Saturday morning schedule will be: The Fall Retreat is an enjoyable time of getting to know the other Fellows and the Mentors, fellowship, becoming 8:15 a.m. Arrive, get coffee, get situated and more oriented to the Fellows Program and receiving be seated sound teaching. 8:20 a.m. Welcome, announcements, Please see the August Summer Assignments section for a opening prayer checklist of items to bring to the retreat. Be sure to bring 8:30 a.m. Lecture, Q&A your calendar and/or day planner to the Fall Retreat so 10:15 a.m. Break you can plan the year’s meetings. At the retreat, you will select a Mentor and will form discipleship groups (triplets 10:45 a.m. Small Group: personal updates, or quads). Once these have been formed, you will want discuss theme and assignments, to plan the best times to meet with each other. Planning prayer ahead makes it easier to plan around the Fellows Program 12:30 p.m. Dismissal meetings rather than try to squeeze them into your schedule each month. We encourage you to invite friends to the lecture portion of the Monthly Lecture to expose them to the Fellows We encourage you to carpool to the retreat with other Program. Please prayerfully consider whom you might Fellows who will be in your small group. This is a great invite by asking the Holy Spirit to lead you to one or two way to begin getting acquainted. Your City Director will people with the intent to encourage them to consider provide you with the specific details for the Fall Retreat in the Fellows Program. We just ask that you do not bring your area. the same person to more than two lectures. (If you are married, your spouse is welcome to attend the lecture Monthly Lectures portion every month.) After the Fall Retreat, all Year One Fellows will typically meet together the first Saturday morning of each month Monthly Mentoring Meeting (unless otherwise indicated by your City Director) from Many Fellows find that having a Mentor is one of the 8:15 a.m. until 12:30 p.m. The only planned exception is highlights of the Fellows Program. CSLI Mentors the Urban Plunge (day-long service project). are committed to helping you grow in your personal Because we have so little time together, and as a courtesy understanding of and love for Christ, and to equip you to to your colleagues and instructors, you must arrive be prepared to make a defense to anyone who asks for a on time in order to get situated and be in your seats in reason for the hope that is within you (1 Pet. 3:15). time for the lecture, which will start at 8:30. We want to Mentors are mature believers who are grounded in honor your time by ending punctually, but that means we Scripture. They study the same materials as the Fellows must start on time. Also, do not plan to depart before in order to facilitate discussion (Monthly Lecture) and to 12:30 p.m. The Fellows Program calls for a high level of help you apply what you’ve learned in your life (monthly

C.S. Lewis Institute Fellows Program | Year One Handbook 2016-17 8 Structure and Schedule

one-on-one mentoring meeting). tends to be easier to incorporate into busy schedules (e.g., the third Sunday evening of each month). By the end of the Fall Retreat, you should have chosen Scheduling ahead allows you and the other Fellows to a Mentor from your small group with whom you’d plan around the meeting requirements. Triplet/quad like to work, and arrange for your initial mentoring meetings should last at least 90 minutes, 20-30 minutes meeting. (Preferences can often be accommodated, but of which should be devoted to prayer. The recommended occasionally there are constraints on selection.) format for monthly triplet/quad meetings is: Mentoring meetings are scheduled for a time and • Personal update location convenient for both parties. Often, the meetings take place over a meal or at a coffee shop; they should • Discuss status of any accountability request last at least 60 to 90 minutes. The topic of discussion (the more specific, the better) will normally center on understanding and applying the • Pray for each other current month’s theme and growth goals. However, there is freedom to discuss any other matter that may be • Pray for the lost people on each person’s important to you, as well. prayer list One of the most important things your Mentor will do • Schedule/confirm the next triplet/quad is pray for your growth in Christlikeness. We encourage meeting you to share any needs or concerns for which you want your Mentor to pray. Transparency and trust will enhance Group Fellowship the effectiveness of your relationship with your Mentor. Beyond the monthly mentoring and triplet/quad All matters discussed with your Mentor will be kept in meetings, the Institute strongly encourages you to take confidence. the initiative to share a meal with the other Fellows in your small group, either individually or as a group. Confer early in the year with your Mentor to establish Gatherings such as concerts, theatre, movies and sporting personal growth goals for the overall Fellows Program. events are great opportunities to enjoy fellowship Review them periodically (no later than January) and with the other Fellows. One popular option has been revise if necessary. for Fellows to watch one of the movies listed in the Each month it is your responsibility to schedule/confirm Recommended Resources section on the month’s theme your next mentoring meeting with your Mentor. Bring together. Every year rich and meaningful friendships your calendar to every Fellows gathering. Those are develop this way. the best times to schedule/confirm future meetings. To foster fellowship, Fellows shall plan a potluck dinner in the month of October. Each small group within Monthly Triplet/Quad Meeting the Fellows Program shall gather for a potluck dinner Building spiritual friendship (koinonia) is a critical part of in someone’s home and spend time getting better spiritual growth in the Fellows Program. This takes time, acquainted, discussing studies, encouraging one another which is why the commitment you’ve made includes and enjoying fellowship. Spouses and boy/girl friends monthly gatherings with other Fellows for fellowship, should be included. prayer and mutual encouragement. As you become better acquainted, we encourage you to Experience shows that spiritual growth is enhanced when make prayer central to your support for one another Fellows participate in discipleship groups of three or four in the challenges and opportunities of life. This will people. At the Fall Retreat you will join with two or three take your friendship to even deeper levels. The Institute other Fellows from your small group and form a triplet or encourages you to pray for your triplet/quad daily. quad. Once formed, the group should discuss when and where you’d like to meet each month. Urban Plunge It is a good idea to set a recurring time and place; this There will be a day-long service project in December

9 C.S. Lewis Institute Fellows Program | Year One Handbook 2016-17 Program Costs

which affords Fellows a chance to “love not in word only, but in deed and truth” by serving people in need while Practicing Discipleship of providing the opportunity to share the good news of Jesus Christ, enjoy fellowship and put into practice the Heart and Mind month’s theme of living a life of love and obedience. Applying the Fellows Program By taking to heart and applying the guidelines and Apologetics Workshop principles in this handbook, you’ll enjoy edifying The Apologetics Workshop will develop your discussions, significant spiritual growth and fellowship conversational apologetics skills. Your City Director will with others—all of which are central to the purposes of provide instructions regarding the workshop. the Fellows Program. But it must not stop there! This is not simply a self-improvement program. This curriculum Special Meetings has been carefully planned not only for spiritual During the year, we occasionally offer special optional formation and koinonia, but also to encourage, equip and meetings. These may be informal, private gatherings challenge you to engage the world for Christ. with visiting scholars and leaders who are in the area and Throughout the year, ask yourself what you will do with with whom the Institute has a relationship. These forums what you are learning. How will you carry this into your afford you a chance to interact with gifted teachers on place of work? How will this affect your involvement in a personal basis and ask questions that are of particular your church? Perhaps this might even be a calling to start concern to you. a new outreach or ministry? Ask the Holy Spirit to guide These meetings are open to all Fellows, and thus bring you, to give you discernment in how you can apply what together Fellows from previous classes and provide a you’ve learned in the Fellows Program to the hurting great opportunity to get acquainted with the larger world around you. fellowship of the Institute. While not required, we Brainstorm with your small group, your triplet/quad strongly encourage you to attend for your own benefit. and your Mentor, and share ideas about ways you can translate your learning and growth into action. Allow others to suggest aptitudes and strengths for ministry Program Costs that you may not see in yourself. People often ask how much it costs to participate in the C.S. Lewis Fellows Program. In order to remove barriers Resolve not to “put it on the shelf” when you finish to participation, the C.S. Lewis Institute does not use Year One, but rather to move forward with a plan that a fixed tuition structure. However, the Institute incurs glorifies God and builds up the body of Christ. substantial expense in offering the program. Similar To foster this and to better prepare you for what lies programs cost $2,500-$3,500. Instead, we ask Fellows to ahead, we encourage you to read through this handbook make the Institute one of the ministries (after the church) thoroughly. Return to it periodically throughout the year that he or she supports on a regular basis. for reminders on how to get the most from the Fellows Not withstanding the above, all Fellows must cover the Program. cost of their paticipation in the weekend retreat and an urban service project day (“Urban Plunge”). Fellows Disciple-Making Plan must also pay for the books and materials required for Toward the end of the year, consult your Mentor in the program, which will cost approximately $325 for the developing a written SMART disciple-making plan for year (if purchased new). how you will apply what you have gained in the program to your life and ministry after completing the Fellows Program (see the May Action Assignment for details). Your SMART disciple-making plan is required for program completion and must be presented to your

C.S. Lewis Institute Fellows Program | Year One Handbook 2016-17 10 Practicing Discipleship of Heart and Mind

Mentor and the Fellows Program Director at the final Monthly Lecture.

Ministry Resources After completing the Fellows Program, you will be equipped to lead a small group through the themes of the program. You can do this in a variety of ways, depending on how much time you have available and how comfortable you are with the content of the Fellows Program. Options you might consider include: • Heart and Mind Discipleship: lead a small group through this ten-week study • Conversational Apologetics: lead a small group through this ten-week study • Bible Study: use the monthly Bible study questions from the Fellows Program in a small group, Sunday School class or in a mentoring scenario • Discussion Group: use various articles from the Fellows Program for a small group discussion or Sunday School class • Reading/Book Group: drawing from the Fellows Program assignments, start a reading group in which you lead a discussion to process assigned readings; you might use the Issues to Ponder to guide your discussion • Discipleship Group: using any combination of the above suggestions, you can start a triplet/quad of your own

11 C.S. Lewis Institute Fellows Program | Year One Handbook 2016-17 Orientation Assignments | Creating Margin and Restructuring Our Time

Creating Margin and Restructuring Our Time

“You can’t get second things by putting them first; you can get second things only by putting first things first.”

— C.S. Lewis • God in the Dock

C.S. Lewis Institute Fellows Program | Year One Handbook 2016-17 12 Orientation Assignments | Creating Margin and Restructuring Our Time

Creating Margin and Restructuring Our Time As you embark on the journey towards a transformed life and a deeper relationship with Jesus Christ, it is important to examine your life in order to meet the requirements of the C.S. Lewis Fellows Program. The Fellows curriculum has been designed to foster life transformation. For this to happen, it’s important to allow enough time for thoughtful, reflective engagement with the assignments. Otherwise, your current routines and busyness will prevent you from completing the assignments, and rushing through the work will limit and can even negate the life-changing impact they can have.

FELLOWS SESSIONS

• GRACE • CONVERSION • FOLLOWING JESUS • HOLY SPIRIT • SCRIPTURE • LOVE & OBEDIENCE • HUMILITY • • PRAYER & FAITH • CALLING • CULTURAL APOLOGETICS • CONVERSATIONAL APOLOGETICS • MAKING DISCIPLES •

13 C.S. Lewis Institute Fellows Program | Year One Handbook 2016-17 Orientation Assignments | Creating Margin and Restructuring Our Time

Creating Margin and Restructuring Our Time

o Meditate & Memorize o Read Psalm 90:12; James 4:14 “10 Questions to Make Sure You’re Still Growing” by Donald S. Whitney – 4 pp. o Complete Time Audit – 2 pp. o Read Quiet Time by IVP Staff – 40 pp. (small o Read booklet)* *No need to read this small “Margin: Space Between Ourselves and booklet if you have already established a Our Limits” by Lou Whitworth – 8 pp. regular, healthy devotional life o Read o Complete “Tyranny of the Urgent” by Charles E. Life-Management Skills: Stress Test by Hummel – 3 pp. Scott Morton o Read o Complete “When Your Life is Breathless” by Holmes and Rahe Life Change Scale Stress Gary Collins – 1 p. Test o Read o Complete “Ordering Your Private World” by Gordon Issues to Ponder MacDonald – 116 pp. (Preface, Ch. 1-7, 14) o Complete “Bible Reading & Prayer Inventory”

Turn In o Completed Checklist Bring copies of the following items to Time Audit the Orientation (retain a copy of each o for yourself) o Bible Reading & Prayer Inventory o Life-Management Skills: Stress Test o Holmes and Rahe Stress Test

C.S. Lewis Institute Fellows Program | Year One Handbook 2016-17 14 Orientation Assignments | Creating Margin and Restructuring Our Time

Issues to Ponder

1 Is your life overloaded? If so, what do you 4 Have you communicated how much time need to do about it? (Refer to your Time and sacrifice is involved in your commitment Audit; adjust as needed.) to the Fellows Program to your spouse and/ or loved ones? Do they support you? (Ask 2 What changes do you need to make in them to pray for you, encourage you and order to have a daily time of Bible reading, hold you accountable.) meditation and prayer? 5 Have you asked at least two friends to be 3 What will you sacrifice in the year ahead in regular intercessors for you for the next year? order to grow deeper in Christ through the Fellows Program? Are you prepared to make this sacrifice?

15 C.S. Lewis Institute Fellows Program | Year One Handbook 2016-17 Summer Kick-off Meeting | The Fatherhood of God

The Fatherhood of God

“God loves us; not because we are loveable but because He is love, not because He needs to receive but because He delights to give.”

— C.S. Lewis • Letters of C.S. Lewis

C.S. Lewis Institute Fellows Program | Year One Handbook 2016-17 16 Summer Kick-off Meeting | The Fatherhood of God

The Fatherhood of God Knowing God as our Father is foundational to our spiritual life and is essential for faithful and fruitful discipleship. However, many of us have a distorted view of God that cripples our experience with Him. The goal for this section is to move toward building a closer relationship with God as Father.

FELLOWS SESSIONS

17 C.S. Lewis Institute Fellows Program | Year One Handbook 2016-17 Summer Kick-off Meeting | The Fatherhood of God

The Fatherhood of God

o Meditate & Reflect Luke 15:11-32 o Read The Prodigal God: Recovering the Heart of the Christian Faith by Timothy Keller - 130 pp. o Read “Seeing God in New Ways: Recovering from Distorted Images of God” by Juanita Ryan - 9 pp.

C.S. Lewis Institute Fellows Program | Year One Handbook 2016-17 18 Summer Kick-off Meeting | The Fatherhood of God

Additional Recommended Resources

1 Article: “Take a Load Off” by David W. 6 Book: Crazy Busy: A (Mercifully) Short Book Henderson about a (Really) Big Problem by Kevin DeYoung

2 Article: “You Can Say No (Without Feeling 7 Book: Tranquility: Cultivating a Quiet Soul in a Guilty)” by Kevin A. Miller Busy World by David W. Henderson

3 Article: “Stressed? How to Experience a 8 Book: Margin: Restoring Emotional, Physical, Calmer Life” by Scott Morton Financial, and Time Reserves to Overloaded Lives 4 Article: “Sleeplessness Taking a Toll on by Richard A. Swenson Nation’s Workforce” by the National Sleep 9 Book: The Overload Syndrome: Learning to Live Foundation Within Your Limits by Richard A. Swenson 5 Book: The Tyranny of Time: When 24 Hours Is Not Enough by Robert Banks

19 C.S. Lewis Institute Fellows Program | Year One Handbook 2016-17 June | Receiving God’s Grace

Receiving God’s Grace

“Man approaches God most nearly when he is in one sense least like God. For what can be more unlike than fullness and need, sovereignty and humility, righteousness and penitence, limitless power and a cry for help?”

— C.S. Lewis • The Four Loves

C.S. Lewis Institute Fellows Program | Year One Handbook 2016-17 20 June | Receiving God’s Grace

Receiving God’s Grace Our focus for this month is on the grace of God, which is God’s undeserved kindness and love actively expressed toward rebellious and sinful people. Reflecting on God’s Word reminds us that the grace of God cannot be earned: it can only be received as a gift. We will also see that the superabundance of God’s grace is most clearly displayed in the Gospel of Jesus Christ, and that through trusting in the person and work of Jesus Christ we experience a fundamental change of our nature that enables us to respond to God’s grace with love, gratitude and obedience.

FELLOWS SESSIONS

21 C.S. Lewis Institute Fellows Program | Year One Handbook 2016-17 June | Receiving God’s Grace

Receiving God’s Grace

o Read and Reflect o Read Romans 3:9-26; Ephesians 2:1-10; Titus Transforming Grace by Jerry Bridges - 132 2:11-14 pp. o Complete o Listen Bible Study (Ephesians 2:1-10) “Living in the Grace of God” by Stuart McAlpine - 79 minutes o Meditate and Memorize Ephesians 2:8-10 o Write Texture of Your World Paper o Read Knowledge of the Holy by A.W. Tozer - 117 o Read pp. (read a chapter per day as devotional “What Can I Pray for a NonChristian?” by exercise) Discipleship Journal - 1 p. o Read o Complete “What’s the Bible All About?” by Ian Paul Issues to Ponder and Philip Jenson - 22 pp. o Complete o Read Action Assignment “Unduly Protracted Infancy” by J. Oswald Sanders - 4 pp.

Turn In o Completed Checklist Email a copy of the o Bible Study following items to your Fellows Coordinator: o Texture of Your World Paper

C.S. Lewis Institute Fellows Program | Year One Handbook 2016-17 22 June | Receiving God’s Grace

BIBLE STUDY Receiving God’s Grace

1 Read Ephesians 2:1-4. Paul describes Christians 7 Paul’s letter to the Ephesians is full of references as having formerly walked/lived “according to to statements about what it means to be in the course of this world,” “according to the Christ (Eph. 1:3; 1:11; 1:13; 2:10; 4:32). In prince of the power of the air,” and “in the lusts verses 5-7, he mentions a number of blessings of the flesh.” In your own words, what does that belong to those who are united to Christ each of these expressions mean? How have you through faith. How should knowing that we are seen these three powers at work in you or in the united to Christ affect our attitudes, thoughts, world around you? and actions toward our fellow Christians who are of a different race, gender or economic class? 2 In verse 3, Paul goes even further and points out that our alienation from God not only impacts 8 How should knowing that we are “in Christ” how we live, but it also impacts how we think, affect our sense of belonging? Consider whether what we desire, and who we are by nature. Since the truth of being united to Christ is impacting becoming a Christian, how have your thoughts your life during trying times. and desires changed? 9 Martin Luther, one of the leaders of the 3 What does Paul mean when he says that they Reformation, recovered Paul’s teaching that we were “dead in trespasses and sins?” In Eph. are justified by grace through faith alone. He 1:20, he said that God demonstrated His was uncomfortable with the statement in James “incomparable great power” by raising Christ that “a person is justified by what he does and from the dead. What is the relevance of Christ’s not by faith alone.” How might you use vv. resurrection to our condition? 8-10 to respond to Luther’s concerns?

4 In light of the previous verses, what is the 10 Ephesians 2:10 says that we (Christians) are significance of the phrase “But God” in verse God’s “workmanship” (NASB & NIV) or new 4? How does verse 4 describe God? In light of creation who are created to do good works verses 4-10, what is God’s role and what is our that God has prepared for us. What are some role in moving from a condition of death to life? practical ways that we can remind ourselves and others of our great calling? 5 These verses (4-10) show us that Paul lives and writes with an eye to the present and a vision for 11 This passage has been described as one of the the future. What are some of the present and most succinct yet complete expressions of the future reasons that God saves us, according to Gospel in the entire Bible. How might you use verses 7 and 10? How should this knowledge this passage to explain to someone why Jesus affect what we do with our time, talents and Christ is the only way to be reconciled to God? treasures?

6 Grace is a foundational concept for Paul; he writes of God’s grace twelve times in his letter to the Ephesians and he repeats that we are “saved by grace” twice in verses 5-8. Since God’s grace is His undeserved kindness and love actively expressed toward us as broken and sinful people, what should be our response to the experience of God’s grace?

23 C.S. Lewis Institute Fellows Program | Year One Handbook 2016-17 June | Receiving God’s Grace

Issues to Ponder

Please take time to quietly think and reflect on the broader or deeper implications/meaning of the questions below as they apply to your life.

1 Do you have a clearer idea of who God is? 5 Are there areas of resistance in you to this teaching? If so, make a note and discuss with 2 Do you hunger to know God more your Mentor in the fall. Until then, ask the intimately? Holy Spirit to help you grow in these areas. Are you willing to seek God earnestly? 3 6 What kind of response do you need to make to what you have learned about grace? 4 What is your understanding of grace now? Has it changed this month? If so, how?

Action Assignment

Build a prayer list that includes ten non-Christians (five relatives, five friends) that God has placed on your heart. Develop a plan to pray for these people on a consistent basis. Ask God to create opportunities to share your faith with them. Be prepared to discuss this at the Fall Retreat.

C.S. Lewis Institute Fellows Program | Year One Handbook 2016-17 24 June | Receiving God’s Grace

Additional Recommended Resources

1 Article: “Rediscovering the Glorious Gospel” 7 Book: The Return of the Prodigal Son by Henri by Jerry Bridges J.M. Nouwen

2 Article: “Personal Narrative” by Jonathan 8 Book: Knowing God by J.I. Packer Edwards 9 Book: Don’t Waste Your Life by John Piper 3 Article: “Are You a Performer?” by Susan Maycinik 10 Book: Holiness by J.C. Ryle (Ch. 7, “Assurance”)

4 Article: “Good Enough! Are You Tired of 11 Audio: “Grace - Part 1” by Stuart McAlpine Trying to Measure Up?” by Paula Rinehart 12 Audio: “Grace - Part 2” by Stuart McAlpine 5 Article: “Are You Growing in Grace?” by Thomas A. Tarrants, III 13 Audio: “Grace - Part 3” by Stuart McAlpine

6 Book: The Prodigal God by Timothy Keller

25 C.S. Lewis Institute Fellows Program | Year One Handbook 2016-17 July | Understanding True Conversion

Understanding True Conversion

“Continue seeking Him with seriousness. Unless He wanted you, you would not be wanting Him.”

— C.S. Lewis • Letters of C.S. Lewis

C.S. Lewis Institute Fellows Program | Year One Handbook 2016-17 26 July | Understanding True Conversion

Understanding True Conversion Having previously established that grace is the basis for God’s actions toward us, this month we will focus more directly on the theme of true conversion. By conversion we mean our response to the announcement of the Gospel, whereby we repent of our sin and idolatry and place our trust in Jesus Christ as Savior and Lord. As we will emphasize, a biblically informed view of conversion must take into account that God’s Spirit was actively working within us even before we became aware of His presence. We will also see that the Spirit remains active in our lives after our initial conversion by convicting us, empowering us, always working to transform us into the likeness of Christ. Some of the benefits of this study include: helping us to become more confident of our own salvation and providing valuable perspective and insights for evangelizing and discipling others.

FELLOWS SESSIONS

27 C.S. Lewis Institute Fellows Program | Year One Handbook 2016-17 July | Understanding True Conversion

Understanding True Conversion

o Read and Reflect o Read Matthew 18:3; Luke 19:1-10; Acts 9:1-31, Beginnings: Understanding How We 16:11-34 Experience the New Birth by Stephen Smallman - 160 pp. o Complete Bible Study (Acts 9:1-31) o Read “Unconditional Surrender” by the C.S. o Meditate and Memorize Lewis Institute - 1 p. Titus 2:11-14 o Read o Read “Grace in the Conversion of C.S. Lewis” The Pursuit of God by A.W. Tozer - 128 by Art Lindsley - 4 pp. pp. (read one chapter a day as devotional exercise) o Complete Issues to Ponder o Read “Union with Christ: The Sum of Our o Complete Salvation” by Bill Kynes - 4 pp. Action Assignment

Turn In Email a copy of the o Completed Checklist following items to your o Bible Study Fellows Coordinator:

C.S. Lewis Institute Fellows Program | Year One Handbook 2016-17 28 July | Understanding True Conversion

BIBLE STUDY Understanding True Conversion

A “crisis” conversion—that of a sudden change—is a transforming experience, with events that precede and follow the crisis. The conversion of Saul is one of the most graphic and significant in all of Christian history. Acts chapter 9:1-31 is the most complete record we have of that conversion. The stages of Saul’s conversion might be described as:

1 Saul’s commission (vv. 1–2) 5 Saul’s conviction (vv. 20–22)

2 Saul’s confrontation (vv. 3–9) 6 Saul’s controversy (vv. 23–25)

3 Saul’s new commission (vv. 10–16) 7 Saul’s chaos (vv. 26–30)

4 Saul’s confirmation (vv. 17–19)

1 Saul of Tarsus was a man on a mission. Notice 5 In the Gospels, Jesus prefaced His message the part that he played in Stephen’s death (Acts of the Kingdom of God with the word repent 8:1). How does Luke describe his mission (Matt. 4:17; Mk. 1:14) which is a call to initially (Acts 7:58; 8:1-3; 9:1-2)? How would forsake our sins and turn to God. “Repentance you have described Saul to a fellow Christian is not a merely intellectual change of mind in your church if you had been living back or mere grief, still less doing penance, but a then? How did Saul’s mission change after his radical transformation of the entire person, a conversion (Acts 9:20, 28; Acts 22:21; Gal. fundamental turnaround involving mind and 1:15-16)? action, and including overtones of grief which result in spiritual fruit.”1 What evidence is 2 Who initiated the encounter between Saul there that Saul repented? What are some of the and the resurrected Jesus that led to Saul’s dangers of leaving repentance out of our conversion (Acts 9:3-6)? What does this teach us Gospel message? about God’s heart for His rebellious creatures? 6 Although conversion requires the turnaround 3 In what ways is Saul’s conversion typical of all of repentance, the focal point of that turning is conversions (then and now) and in what ways is God’s Messiah, Jesus, who has been declared it unique? Would you say that conversion is an Lord and Savior and urges men and women event or a process? to enter God’s kingdom by believing in and 4 Character transformation is at the heart of trusting Him and reorienting their life around conversion. When Saul was converted to him. Where do you see this change in the life Christ, in one sense Saul stayed the same (in of Saul? personality), but in another sense he experienced 7 Conversion also brings about a change of significant transformation (in character). In what relationships. How are Saul’s relationships ways did his personality stay the same? What different before and after his conversion? How was different about him after his conversion? have your relationships changed as a result of What are some of the ways that you began to your conversion? experience the transformation of your desires, thoughts, attitudes, and actions as a result of putting your faith in Christ?

29 C.S. Lewis Institute Fellows Program | Year One Handbook 2016-17 July | Understanding True Conversion

BIBLE STUDY Understanding True Conversion (continued)

8 Although conversion involves a personal 10 What does Ananias contribute to Saul’s commitment to Christ, it is not something to conversion process (Acts 9:10-18)? How did be kept private. What are some reasons that we God use other people to contribute to your are tempted to keep quiet about our new found coming to faith in Christ? faith? 11 Ananias is a representative of Christ and the 9 What pressures might Saul have experienced to church as he welcomes Saul. Notice how keep his faith in Jesus a secret? What are some he addresses Saul in Acts 9:17. What is the of the ways that you are tempted to keep quiet significance of baptism in the process (Acts about your faith? 9:18)? What is the role of the church today in the conversion process?

“I know very well when, but hardly how, the final step was taken. I was driven to Whipsnade one sunny morning. When we set out I did not believe that Jesus Christ is the Son of God, and when we reached the zoo I did.” 2

— C.S. Lewis

1 D. A. Carson, “Matthew,” in The Expositor’s Bible Commentary: Matthew and Mark, ed. Tremper Longman, III and David E. Garland (Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2010), 128.

2 C.S. Lewis. Surprised By Joy (New York: Harcourt, Brace, Jovanovich, 1955), vii.

C.S. Lewis Institute Fellows Program | Year One Handbook 2016-17 30 July | Understanding True Conversion

Additional Recommended Resources

1 Article: “The Most Reluctant Convert” by 13 Book: Bringing the Gospel Home: Witnessing to Art Lindsley Family Members, Close Friends, and Others Who Know You Well by Randy Newman 2 Article: “How to Share Your Faith with Your Family” by Mack J. Stiles 14 Book: Knowing God by J.I. Packer “In Christ: The Meaning and 3 Article: 15 Book: The Legacy of Sovereign Joy: God’s Implications of the Gospel of Jesus Christ” by Triumphant Grace in the Lives of Augustine, John Stott Luther and Calvin by John Piper 4 Article: “True Conversion” by Thomas A. Tarrants, III 16 Book: The Romantic Rationalist: God, Life, and Imagination in the Work of C.S. Lewis ed. by John 5 Article: “What God Wants from You” by Piper (Ch. 3) Thomas A. Tarrants, III 17 Book: The Deep Things of God: How the Trinity 6 Article: “They Shall See God” by A.W. Tozer Changes Everything by Fred Sanders (Ch. 3)

7 Article: “Conversion” by David Wells 18 Book: Beginning Well: Christian Conversion and Authentic Transformation by Gordon T. Smith 8 Article: “Meditating on Scripture re George Müller” by Donald S. Whitney 19 Book: Basic Christianity by John Stott

9 Book: Union with Christ by J. Todd Billings 20 Book: The Contemporary Christian by John Stott

10 Book: Conformed to His Image by Kenneth 21 Book: The Plan of Salvation by B.B. Warfield Boa (Ch. 8) 22 Book: Turning to God by David Wells 11 Book: The Cross and Salvation: The Doctrine of Salvation by Bruce Demarest

12 Book: Mere Christianity by C.S. Lewis (Book 1, Ch. 1-5; Book 2, Ch. 1-5)

31 C.S. Lewis Institute Fellows Program | Year One Handbook 2016-17 August | Following Jesus Christ

Following Jesus Christ

“The principle runs through all life from top to bottom. Give up yourself, and you will find your real self. Lose your life and you will save it. Submit to death… and you will find eternal life.”

— C.S. Lewis • Mere Christianity

C.S. Lewis Institute Fellows Program | Year One Handbook 2016-17 32 August | Following Jesus Christ

Following Jesus Christ We are convinced that the triune God of the Bible is firmly committed to our reconciliation, transformation into the likeness of Christ, and participation in his mission, since He has graciously given Himself to these ends. Therefore, we are called to respond to Jesus by putting our faith in Him and surrendering ourselves fully to His priorities. This life of costly discipleship is characterized by love for God and neighbor and it is the path every Christian is called to follow. In light of the call to follow Christ, our main goal this month is to make a total commitment and surrender of ourselves to Jesus Christ and His purposes for our lives, or if we have already done so, to renew this commitment.

FELLOWS SESSIONS

33 C.S. Lewis Institute Fellows Program | Year One Handbook 2016-17 August | Following Jesus Christ

Following Jesus Christ

o Read and Reflect o Read Exodus 20:1-3; Mark 8:27-9:1; Luke “The Quest for Spirituality in Light of 14:25-35; Romans 12:1-2 Biblical Discipleship” by Michael J. Wilkins - 3 pp. o Complete Bible Study (Mark 8:27-8:38) o Read Studies in the Sermon on the Mount by D. o Meditate and Memorize Martyn Lloyd-Jones - 15 pp. (Vol. 1, Ch. Mark 8:34-38 28; Vol. 2, Ch. 23) o Read o Read The Cost of Discipleship by Dietrich Mere Christianity by C.S. Lewis - 82 pp. Bonhoeffer - 79 pp. (Intro, Ch. 1-6) (Book 3, Ch. 1-7 & 9-12; Book 4, Ch. 5-11) Complete o o Read Spiritual Development Inventory “An Overview of the Bible’s Storyline” by o Complete Vern S. Poythress - 12 pp. Lordship Living Inventory o Listen Read “Living the Christian Life” by Rob Norris - o 78 minutes “The Call to Discipleship” by Timothy Keller - 5 pp. o Write o Read Spiritual Autobiography “The Call to Follow Christ” by John Stott o Write - 2 pp. Response Paper o Read o Complete “Following Jesus Christ” by Thomas A. Issues to Ponder Tarrants, III - 4 pp. o Complete Action Assignment

Turn In o Completed Checklist Email a copy of the o Bible Study following items to your Fellows Coordinator: o Spiritual Development Inventory o Lordship Living Inventory o Spiritual Autobiography o Response Paper

C.S. Lewis Institute Fellows Program | Year One Handbook 2016-17 34 August | Following Jesus Christ

BIBLE STUDY Following Jesus Christ

1 Up to this point in Mark’s Gospel Jesus has 7 The cross was shockingly contrary to Peter’s been preaching “The time is fulfilled, and the expectations. So was Jesus’ call to discipleship kingdom of God is at hand, repent and believe (vv. 8:34-38). What did Jesus mean when He the Gospel (Mk. 1:15 ff.) to the crowds, but said anyone who would come after Him must beginning with Mark 8:27 ff, Jesus changes the “deny himself”? What would His hearers have focus of this ministry. Based on the question He understood to be the meaning of His call to asks his disciples and the crowd, what does He “take up his cross”? What does Jesus mean by focus on? “follow Me”?

2 Concerning Jesus’ identity, there were three 8 How would you explain to someone that Jesus options proposed by the people of His day: has the right to demand our ultimate allegiance? Elijah, John the Baptist, and a prophet (v. 8:28). What are some options that are proposed today? 9 How does Jesus’ call to discipleship differ from some of the evangelistic invitations you have 3 What insights can we glean about discovering heard? other people’s perspectives from examining Jesus’ use of questions? How could you use 10 Why do we tend to resist Jesus’ right to demand these insights in the context of sharing our faith ultimate allegiance of us? with a family member or friend? 11 Jesus is aware that social pressure has an impact 4 After continuing to question His disciples, on our discipleship (v. 8:38). What would you Peter finally answers Jesus’ question “… who say is the impact of social pressure on the quality do you say that I am?” Peter answers, “You are of your discipleship? the Christ (Messiah).” Why do you think Jesus 12 How does this way of the cross change your “warned his disciples to tell no one about him” understanding of Christian discipleship? (8:30 ff., see also 1:43-44)? How would you answer Jesus’ question and on what would you 13 If the message of the cross and the resurrection base your answer? are the means through which the kingdom of God comes in power, how might that change 5 In response to Peter’s insight about His identity, the way you live as a disciple of Jesus Christ? Jesus now uncovers the upcoming events of the cross. What is going to happen to Him (v. 8:31)?

6 Jesus hadn’t spoken of His cross until now. Why do you think He waited to reveal it? The announcement of the events of the cross were shocking to Peter and created an unpleasant encounter (vv. 8:32-33). What do you think is going on between Jesus and Peter?

35 C.S. Lewis Institute Fellows Program | Year One Handbook 2016-17 August | Following Jesus Christ

Issues to Ponder

1 What are the meaning and implications of 5 In what specific ways is daily obedience to Jesus’ call to discipleship? Where specifically Jesus’ words manifested in your life? do they apply to your life? 6 In which areas of life do you find obedience 2 Have you ever wholeheartedly embraced the most challenging? (Consider things like call to be Jesus’ disciple and follow Him as your use of time, talent and treasure; your Lord? If so, are you still following, or have sexual purity; whether your career is an idol; you drifted from it? the things in which you take pleasure and comfort; and even the sorts of things that 3 What fears hinder your response to Jesus’ make you laugh.) call (e.g., risks to reputation, career, comfort, lifestyle, etc.)? 7 How is God calling you to respond to this month’s teaching? 4 Why does Keller emphasize Jesus’ Lordship? Have you failed to make this distinction in your own life? Has Keller changed your view of the Lordship of Christ?

Action Assignment

1 Find a place where you can be alone with God and free from distraction for several hours. Review what you have learned about God’s grace, conversion and the call to follow Jesus and evaluate your life in light of these things. Ask the Holy Spirit to help you see if you have committed yourself unreservedly to Christ. Ask Him to show you areas where you are holding back. Be ruthlessly honest with yourself. Then take some time to compose a prayer of surrender to Christ and commit yourself to faithfully following him for the rest of your life through the enabling power of the Spirit. If you have fully committed yourself to Christ, this is a call for you to reaffirm your commitment.

2 Using Poythress’ overview of the Bible’s storyline as a guide, create a bullet-point outline of the Gospel story in your Apologetics Notebook. Capture key points you might use to explain the Gospel to someone who’s never heard it. (Note: you’re not limited to Poythress; use anything you find helpful.)

C.S. Lewis Institute Fellows Program | Year One Handbook 2016-17 36 August | Following Jesus Christ

Additional Recommended Resources

1 Article: “Costly Grace” by Dietrich Bonhoeffer 17 Book: Mere Christianity by C.S. Lewis (Book 1, Ch. 1-5; Book 4, Ch. 1-4) 2 Article: “C.S. Lewis on Commitment (The Call to Discipleship)” by Art Lindsley 18 Book: Discipleship Essentials: A Guide to Building Your Life in Christ by Greg Ogden 3 Article: “The Expulsive Power of a New Affection” by Thomas Chalmers 19 Book: Transforming Discipleship: Making Disciples a Few at a Time by Greg Ogden 4 Article: “Doing the Will of God” by Jane de Chantal 20 Book: Follow Me: A Call to Die. A Call to Live. by David Platt 5 Article: “Becoming Like Christ” by Richard Foster 21 Book: Radical: Taking Back Your Faith from the 6 Article: “Ambition: Vice or Virtue?” by Jerry American Dream by David Platt Harvill 22 Book: The Life of God in the Soul of Man by 7 Article: “The Muscular Christianity of Eric Henry Scougal Liddell” by Eric Liddell 23 Book: Spiritual Discipleship: Principles of 8 Article: “The Incomparable Christ” by John Following Christ for Every Believer by J. Oswald Stott Sanders

9 Article: “Let Us Throw Off Everything That 24 Book: The Adventure by Gerald Sittser Hinders” by Paul Thigpen 25 Book: The Contemporary Christian by John Stott 10 Article: “Others May, You Cannot” by G.D. Watson 26 Book: The Radical Disciple: Some Neglected Aspects of Our Calling by John Stott 11 Article: “Looking Like Jesus” by Dallas Willard 27 Book: In His Image: Reflecting Christ in Everyday Life by Michael J. Wilkins 12 Book: The Treasure Principle: Unlocking the Secret of Joyful Giving by Randy Alcorn 28 Book: Following the Master: A Biblical Theology of Discipleship by Michael J. Wilkins 13 Book: A Guide to Christian Living by John Calvin 29 Audio: “Discipleship in the Gospel of Matthew - Part 1” by Andrew Trotter 14 Book: Crazy Love: Overwhelmed by a Relentless God by Francis Chan 30 Audio: “Discipleship in the Gospel of Matthew - Part 2” by Andrew Trotter 15 Book: The Master Plan of Discipleship by Robert Coleman 31 Audio: “Bearing the Weight of Glory: The Cost of C.S. Lewis’ Witness” by Christopher Mitchell 16 Book: Charity and Its Fruits by Jonathan Edwards (Lecture XII, “Charity Willing to Undergo All Sufferings for Christ”)

37 C.S. Lewis Institute Fellows Program | Year One Handbook 2016-17 August | Fall Retreat Preparation

Fall Retreat Preparation Checklist

Bring the following completed assignments to the Fall Retreat (in a folder) and turn in to your Mentor:

o Completed Checklists Additionally, be prepared to: of Assignments for Pre- o Repeat the summer’s assigned Orientation, June, July and memory verses August o Share your testimony (how you o Bible Study Responses for June, came to faith in Jesus Christ) July and August o Discuss the summer assignments o Time Audit (legibly printed) Finally, bring the following items to the o Bible Reading & Prayer retreat: Inventory o Bible o Life-Management Skills: Stress Test o Calendar or day planner o Holmes and Rahe Life Change o Fellows Handbook Scale Stress Test o Apologetics Notebook o Texture of Your World Paper o Books from assigned summer o Spiritual Development readings (helps during Inventory discussions) o Lordship Living Inventory o 3x5 spiral notebook for memory verses (optional) o Spiritual Autobiography o August Response Paper

C.S. Lewis Institute Fellows Program | Year One Handbook 2016-17 38 August | Fall Retreat Preparation

39 C.S. Lewis Institute Fellows Program | Year One Handbook 2016-17 September | Walking in the Holy Spirit

Walking in the Holy Spirit

“I don’t doubt that the Holy Spirit guides your decisions from within when you make them with the intention of pleasing God.”

— C.S. Lewis • The Letters of C.S. Lewis

C.S. Lewis Institute Fellows Program | Year One Handbook 2016-17 40 September | Walking in the Holy Spirit

Walking in the Holy Spirit As the Gospels make clear, Jesus’ summons to follow Him is an invitation to walk and live in the kingdom of God where we share in the fellowship with the Father and the Son and participate in Their mission to the world. Having died, risen again and ascended to the Father, Jesus has removed all the obstacles to our full reconciliation with God. He has also sent the promised Holy Spirit to impart all the benefits available to us as children of God (forgiveness, empowerment, filling with the Spirit, fruits and gifts of the Spirit, etc.). Through faith in Christ, we can experience all these benefits. Therefore, our goals for this month are to (1) gain a better understanding of how the Holy Spirit enables us to deepen our fellowship with the Father and the Son, (2) increase our appreciation for what the Bible teaches about the various workings of the Holy Spirit and (3) understand how we can experience the Spirit’s empowering presence for the glory of God.

FELLOWS SESSIONS

41 C.S. Lewis Institute Fellows Program | Year One Handbook 2016-17 September | Walking in the Holy Spirit

Walking in the Holy Spirit

o Read and Reflect o Watch Ezekiel 36:26-28; John 3:1-8, 14:15-31, “The Holy Spirit and Obedience - Part 1” 16:5-15; Romans 8:1-17; Galatians 5:16- by Stuart McAlpine - 34 minutes 25; Ephesians 5:15-6:20 o Watch o Complete “The Holy Spirit and Obedience - Part 2” Bible Study (John 14:15-31) by Stuart McAlpine - 23 minutes o Meditate and Memorize o Watch John 14:15-17 “Impartation: Jesus Gave Them His Spirit” by Robert Coleman - 26 minutes o Read The Holy Spirit: Activating God’s o Complete Power in Your Life by Billy Graham - Finding Your Spiritual Gifts Inventory 284 pp. by C. Peter Wagner o Read o Complete “Paraclete & Spiritual Gifts” Issues to Ponder by J.I. Packer - 2 pp. o Complete o Read Action Assignment “Finding Power to Live a New Life: Discipleship and the Holy Spirit” o Write by Thomas A. Tarrants, III - 5 pp. Response Paper o Read o Monthly Mentor Meeting Questioning Evangelism: Engaging People’s Heart the Way Jesus Did by Randy Newman o Monthly Triplet/Quad Meeting - 17 pp. (Ch. 1) o Listen o Monthly Lecture & Discussion “The Spirit’s Witness: Empowered to Speak” by John Yates - 30 minutes

Turn In o Completed Checklist Give a copy of the following o Response Paper items to your Mentor: o Bible Study

C.S. Lewis Institute Fellows Program | Year One Handbook 2016-17 42 September | Walking in the Holy Spirit

BIBLE STUDY The Gift of the Holy Spirit

As the time for Jesus’ departure approached, He focused on preparing His disciples for His death, resurrection, and ascension by pointing to the difference that the outpouring of the Holy Spirit would make in their understanding and experience of God.

1 Read John 14:15-31. Note that Jesus had 6 Jesus speaks of a significant change that is about already declared and demonstrated His love for to take place in the lives of the disciples whereby His disciples in chapter 13:1 ff. According to the Spirit who has been “with” them will be “in” Jesus, how must His disciples demonstrate their them (v. 17). To what is Jesus referring and why love for Jesus (vv. 15, 21, 23)? will this internalization of the Spirit’s presence occur? 2 Why does Jesus have the right to command the ultimate allegiance of His followers and promise 7 In verse 26, Jesus promises that the Holy Spirit them that their response to Him will determine will “teach you” and “remind you of everything their relationship with the Father (vv. 21-24; I have said to you.” Among other things, this see also 14:6)? What does this close connection promise to His Apostles ensures that they will between the Father and the Son say about accurately remember and record his words, religious beliefs (e.g., Islam, Judaism, Jehovah’s now found in the Gospels. How does the Holy Witnesses, etc.) that deny Jesus’ equality with Spirit’s work of teaching and reminding of the Father? Jesus’ words operate in our lives today?

3 In light of Jesus’ challenging words, how would 8 Read through this passage again and make a you describe the relationship between love and list of all the blessings that the promised Spirit obedience in the believer’s life (see especially will impart to believers in the kingdom of God. 14:31)? Examine yourself prayerfully to discern whether you experience all of these in your life. If not, 4 Jesus promised His disciples that after He ask God to fill you afresh with the Holy Spirit left them He would send “another advocate” and let you experience all of His blessings. (v. 16) to take his place. The word translated “advocate” or “counselor” (paraklatos) literally 9 What are some of the obstacles that stand in means “one who is called alongside to help, the way of an accurate understanding and especially in a law court.” Later in the passage experience of the Holy Spirit? Jesus refers to the Spirit as “the Spirit of truth” (v. 17). What insights does this passage give us 10 Think about some ways that this passage has about the presence and work of the Spirit in the challenged your thinking about the ministry of believer? the Holy Spirit. In your church experience has there been balanced teaching on the Spirit? 5 Why is the world unable to receive the Spirit (v. 17)?

43 C.S. Lewis Institute Fellows Program | Year One Handbook 2016-17 September | Walking in the Holy Spirit

BIBLE STUDY (continued) Walking in the Holy Spirit

Romans 8:1-17—As Paul preached the Gospel of free grace it raised some serious questions about the relationship of grace to obedience. Some of his opponents asked, “Shall we go on sinning so that grace may increase (Rom. 6:1)?” Paul’s answer is, “Of course not!” Throughout this passage, Paul makes a contrast between a person who lives in the freedom of the Spirit and a person who lives in slavery to the flesh.

1 After you have read Romans 8:1-17, list some 7 Spiritual maturity is ultimately a matter of grace; of the characteristics of someone who is living but it is not automatic nor are we passive in in the freedom of the Spirit and someone who is the process. We must exercise vigorous effort living in slavery to the flesh. in rooting out sin, yet we desperately need the Holy Spirit’s empowerment for our efforts to 2 Who comes to mind when you think of a person be effective (Rom. 8:12-13). Where are you who lives in the freedom of the Spirit? Who battling sin in your life? Are you exercising comes to mind when you think of someone vigorous effort to root it out? Are you living in slavery to the flesh? simultaneously crying out to the Spirit to make those efforts effectual? 3 John Wesley believed that it is possible for a person filled with the Spirit to be free 8 If you become conscious of sin in your from any conscious (i.e., voluntary) sin. His thoughts, attitudes or actions, what comfort, contemporary, George Whitefield, disagreed hope or guidance does this passage offer? and taught that a Spirit-filled Christian would still struggle with temptation and continue to 9 According to Rom. 8:15-16, what does the commit sins from time-to-time. After reading Spirit witness to our spirit regarding our this passage, what would you say? relationship to God?

4 To what would you appeal in this passage to 10 Recall some of the areas where the Holy Spirit support your view? has freed you from bondage to attitudes, thoughts and sinful habits. Thank God for the 5 What might be the difference in committing a ministry of the Spirit in your life and invite Him sin versus being controlled by the flesh? to continue to free you and empower you to live a Spirit-filled life. 6 How would you describe the place of the mind in a Spirit-controlled life (vv. 5-8)? What about 11 What are some of the obstacles to an accurate the place of desires (v. 5)? understanding and experience of the Holy Spirit?

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Issues to Ponder

1 Where have you gained a clearer grasp of 5 Do you consciously seek to be filled with the what the Bible teaches about the role of Holy Spirit each day? Do you pray for this? the Holy Spirit in the new birth, personal transformation, spiritual gifts and power for 6 What fears prevent you from allowing the mission/service? Holy Spirit full control of your life? What do you need to understand or do to 2 What is the relationship between the Holy 7 Spirit and obedience? experience the fullness of the Spirit in your life? 3 What was your view of spiritual gifts before this month’s teaching? Has it changed? If so, how?

4 What evidence do you see of the Spirit’s power in your life to overcome sin, resist the devil and reach out to others with the Gospel?

Action Assignment

After prayerfully reviewing this month’s assigned Scripture readings, examine your life to discern where and how the Spirit has been working in you and seek to discern where you need to move to a new level of experience with him. Then spend time in prayer asking God to fill you afresh with his Spirit and to empower you to do his work in the world.

“If you love me, you will keep my commandments. And I will ask the Father, and he will give you another Helper, to be with you forever, even the Spirit of truth, whom the world cannot receive, because it neither sees him nor knows him. You know him, for he dwells with you and will be in you.”

— John 14:15-17 (ESV)

45 C.S. Lewis Institute Fellows Program | Year One Handbook 2016-17 September | Walking in the Holy Spirit

Additional Recommended Resources

1 Article: “Keep in Step with the Spirit” 13 Book: Mere Christianity by J.I. Packer (book excerpt) by C.S. Lewis (Book 4, Ch. 4)

2 Article: “Praying in the Spirit” 14 Book: Miracles by C.S. Lewis (Ch. 7-8) by J. Oswald Sanders 15 Book: The Holy Spirit by John Owen 3 Article: “Finding Power to Live a New Life: Discipleship and the Holy Spirit” 16 Book: Keep in Step with the Spirit by J.I. Packer by Thomas A. Tarrants, III 17 Book: More: How You Can Have More of the Spirit 4 Book: Experiencing the Spirit When You Already Have Everything in Christ by by Henry Blackaby Simon Ponsonby

5 Book: Conformed to His Image 18 Book: Who is the Holy Spirit? by Kenneth Boa (Ch. 24-26) by R.C. Sproul

6 Book: Forgotten God: Reversing Our Tragic 19 Book: Baptism and Fullness: The Work of the Holy Neglect of the Holy Spirit by Francis Chan Spirit Today by John Stott

7 Book: He Who Gives Life: The Doctrine of the 20 Book: The Holy Spirit: In Biblical Teaching, Holy Spirit by Graham A. Cole through the Centuries, and Today by Anthony C. Thiselton 8 Book: God’s Empowering Presence: The Holy Spirit in the Letters of Paul by Gordon D. Fee 21 Book: The Holy Spirit & Power: 10 Timeless Messages by John Wesley 9 Book: The Holy Spirit by Sinclair B. Ferguson 22 Audio: “Holy Spirit in Scripture & Theology” by J.I. Packer 10 Book: I Believe in the Holy Spirit by Michael Green 23 Audio: “The Law of the Spirit - Part 1” by Earl Palmer 11 Book: 3 Crucial Questions About the Holy Spirit by Craig S. Keener 24 Audio: “The Law of the Spirit - Part 2” by Earl Palmer 12 Book: Gift Giver: The Holy Spirit for Today by Craig S. Keener

C.S. Lewis Institute Fellows Program | Year One Handbook 2016-17 46 September | Walking in the Holy Spirit

47 C.S. Lewis Institute Fellows Program | Year One Handbook 2016-17 October | Being Transformed by Scripture

Being Transformed by Scripture

“If only one had time to read a little more: we either get shallow and broad or narrow and deep.”

— C.S. Lewis • The Letters of C.S. Lewis to Arthur Greeves

C.S. Lewis Institute Fellows Program | Year One Handbook 2016-17 48 October | Being Transformed by Scripture

Being Transformed by Scripture Up to this point in the Fellows Program we have emphasized that from the beginning God deeply desired a people who know, love and worship Him with their whole being. We have also seen that this high calling can only be fully realized through embracing the redemptive work of Christ and the gift of the Holy Spirit. Realizing that these critical truths are made known to us in the Holy Scriptures, this month will briefly address topics such as the inspiration, truthfulness, reliability, and authority of Scripture. Our main emphasis, however, will be on how God’s living and active Word can inform, encourage, discipline and transform us into the image of Christ as we read, study, memorize and meditate on it.

FELLOWS SESSIONS

49 C.S. Lewis Institute Fellows Program | Year One Handbook 2016-17 October | Being Transformed by Scripture

Being Transformed by Scripture

o Read and Reflect o Read Joshua 1:8; Psalm 1:1-6, 119:97-105; John “What is Biblical Meditation?” by Walter 10:35; 2 Timothy 3:14-17 Kaiser, Jr. - 15 pp. o Complete o Read Bible Study (Psalm 1) “The Spiritual Discipline of Meditation” by Tom Schwanda - 5 pp. o Meditate and Memorize Psalm 1:1-2; 2 Timothy 3:16 o Read “Eat this Book: The Holy Community at o Read Table with the Holy Scripture” by Eugene “Our Lifeline” by J.I. Packer - 1 p. Peterson - 4 pp. o Read o Read “Overview of Lectio Divina” by J.I. Packer Praying the Bible by Donald S. Whitney - - 4 pp. 90 pp. o Read o Read Spiritual Disciplines for the Christian Life “Seven Keys to Understanding Scripture” by Donald S. Whitney - 55 pp. (Ch. 2-3) by Tremper Longman, III - 7 pp. o Read o Read “C.S. Lewis on Holy Scripture” by Philip “Revelation & Interpretation” by J.I. G. Ryken - 3 pp. Packer - 2 pp. o Read o Read “C.S. Lewis on Meditating on God’s “Can I Trust the Bible?” by Darrell L. Bock Word” by Art Lindsley - 5 pp. - 36 pp. (See Fellows Center online for access to this document.) o Listen “Meditating on the Word, Part 1” by o Read Thomas A. Tarrants, III - 40 minutes “What We Mean When We Say It’s True” by Timothy George - 6 pp. o Listen “Meditating on the Word, Part 2” by o Read Thomas A. Tarrants, III - 44 minutes “Is the Content of the Biblical Manuscripts Reliable?” by Amy Orr-Ewing - 4 pp. o Complete Issues to Ponder

C.S. Lewis Institute Fellows Program | Year One Handbook 2016-17 50 October | Being Transformed by Scripture

Being Transformed by Scripture o Complete Action Assignment o Write Response Paper o Monthly Mentor Meeting o Monthly Triplet/Quad Meeting o Monthly Lecture & Discussion

Turn In o Completed Checklist Give a copy of the following o Bible Study items to your Mentor: o Response Paper

51 C.S. Lewis Institute Fellows Program | Year One Handbook 2016-17 October | Being Transformed by Scripture

BIBLE STUDY Being Transformed by Scripture

On Biblical Meditation: Biblical meditation is the exercise of actively and prayerfully engaging in thoughtful reflection on Scripture for the purpose of communion with God and transformation of our desires, thoughts, feelings and actions.

Psalm 1 is often referred to as the gateway to the rest of the Psalter. In fact, it deals with key ideas that are the focus of the entire Bible. The psalm has as its goal the “blessed” life, which is a life motivated by the desire to love and please God.

1 Biblical meditation requires us to focus our 9 What benefits do you experience from deeply attention on Scripture as the Word of God. engaging with God’s Word? How is this different from other forms of meditation? 10 Picture the scene described in verse 3 where the Psalmist says the man who meditates on God’s 2 Note that there are several contrasts (both stated instruction is “like a tree planted by streams of and implied) in Psalm 1. Make a list of these water” (see also Psalm 92:12-15). Imagine that contrasts in your own words. you are the tree in a dry, arid land whose roots are reaching down to receive the life-giving 3 What do you think it means to “walk in the water of the Scriptures. Describe what this counsel of the wicked” (v. 1)? Why is the experience was like. “counsel of the wicked” so enticing to us? 11 What does the “way of the wicked” look like in 4 The wicked suppress the knowledge of God our present culture? What does the “way of the and ignore God’s instructions. In what ways are righteous” look like in our present culture? we exposed to the counsel of the wicked in our daily life? 12 Make a list of some of the impediments to practicing biblical meditation (e.g. watching too 5 Verse 2 describes meditating on the “law (or much television, etc.). instructions) of the Lord” day and night as the result of a delight in the Scriptures. What 13 Verse 6 says that the Lord “watches over the do you think it means to delight in God’s way of the righteous.” What does this verse and instructions (Scripture)? What is the source of the entire Psalm tell us about God? such delight?

6 How does the object of our delight enable us to focus our attention?

7 What do you think it means to meditate on Scripture “day and night” (see Josh. 1:8)?

8 What are some of the benefits of continual meditation (v. 3)?

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BIBLE STUDY (continued) Being Transformed by Scripture 2 Timothy 3:14-17

On Biblical Meditation: Paul wrote the passage above to Timothy as Paul was at the end of his earthly life (4:6-8). His concern is to instruct Timothy in sound doctrine and godly living in light of the difficult times ahead (3:1- 9). In light of what is to come, Paul encourages Timothy to remember his teaching and his example (3:10-14), but he also tells him to look to the Scriptures for wisdom.

1 Read 2 Timothy 3:14-17. Notice that Paul says 6 In light of the doctrinal and moral challenges Scripture is “God-breathed” (theopneustos, v. 16). mentioned in 2 Timothy, it is not surprising that Although Paul is referring to the Old Testament Paul’s emphasis on the value of the Scriptures here, Peter uses the same word (graphe) to refer has to do with God’s authoritative instruction to Paul’s writings in 2 Peter 3:16, so both Old about godly behavior. He writes that the and New Testaments are God’s speech. Why is Scriptures are profitable for teaching, rebuking, it significant that the Scriptures have their origin correcting and training in righteousness. How in God? have you experienced any of these?

2 What is the significance of Paul’s emphasis on • Teaching – Instruction about God and the writings (graphe) as inspired rather than the salvation through faith in Jesus Christ authors of Scriptures? • Rebuking – Confronting ungodly thoughts 3 What does this say about the uniqueness and and actions authority of Scripture? • Correcting – Redirecting ungodly thoughts 4 The word for “spirit” and the word for “breath” and actions are the same word in Hebrew (ruach) and Greek (pneuma). What is the connection • Training in righteousness – Guiding and between God’s Word and His Spirit? encouraging thoughts and actions 7 What is the ultimate goal of Scripture, according 5 Paul wrote to Timothy of the “holy Scriptures, which are able to make you wise for salvation to verse 17b? …” (v. 15). The word “holy” means that the 8 What is the significance of the fact that the living Scriptures are set apart by God for His special God speaks to us through words? purposes. How are the Scriptures different from other writings?

53 C.S. Lewis Institute Fellows Program | Year One Handbook 2016-17 October | Being Transformed by Scripture

Issues to Ponder

1 What is the difference between reading 6 Are you convinced the Bible is the the Bible, studying the Bible and Bible authoritative and divinely inspired Word of meditation? God? If not, why not? Raise any doubts or questions with your Mentor or the Fellows 2 How might meditating on Scripture improve Program Director. What fears prevent you your spiritual life? from allowing the Holy Spirit full control of your life? 3 Do you spend enough time in God’s Word? If not, what changes do you need to make in 7 Do you live as if the Bible is authoritative for order to have the amount of time you need? your life? What areas of your life might you need to bring into line with biblical living? 4 What changes do you need to make to begin meditating on God’s Word more regularly? 8 Consider Timothy George’s article and note 5 What is the relationship between Bible how he defines inerrancy. Has this changed meditation and prayer? your own understanding? If not, ask your Mentor or the Fellows Program Director for another resource that will address your specific concerns.

Action Assignment

1 Each week this month, select a different passage from the assigned Scripture readings. Ensure you understand the meaning of the text in context (you may need to do some basic Bible study). Read the passage slowly at least twenty times over several consecutive days; you might even want to memorize the passage. Finally, make time on a Sunday afternoon (or another convenient time) to meditate on the passage for 20-30 minutes using lectio divina. Discuss your experience with your Mentor.

2 Create detailed but concise bullet-point outlines of the main ideas and arguments found in “Can I Trust the Bible?” and the article by Orr-Ewing in your Apologetics Notebook. Create a list of what you think are some of the strongest points in favor of the authority and historicity of Scripture. Also create a list of questions, if any, that trouble you about the trustworthiness of Scripture and ask your Mentor or City Director for advice.

C.S. Lewis Institute Fellows Program | Year One Handbook 2016-17 54 October | Being Transformed by Scripture

Additional Recommended Resources

1 Article: “The Neglected Exercise” by Robert 12 Book: The God Who is There: Finding Your Place Boardman in God’s Story by D.A. Carson

2 Article: “Staying Faithful Through the Years” 13 Book: A Divine and Supernatural Light by by Jerry Bridges Jonathan Edwards

3 Article: “Listening in the Great Silence” by 14 Book: How to Read the Bible for All Its Worth by Richard J. Foster Gordon D. Fee & Douglas Stuart

4 Article: “Being Transformed Through the 15 Book: How to Read the Bible Book by Book by Word” by Art Lindsley (Theme Study) Gordon D. Fee & Douglas Stuart 5 Article: “Being Transformed Through the 16 Book: The Reason for God: Belief in an Age of Word” by Art Lindsley (Scripture Points) Skepticism by Timothy Keller (Ch. 7) 6 Article: “How to Read the Psalms: Nine Principles to Enrich Your Understanding” by 17 Book: Growing in God’s Spirit ed. by T.M. Moore Tremper Longman, III 18 Book: Is the Bible Intolerant? by Amy Orr-Ewing 7 Article: “Not By Bread Alone: How Jesus 19 Book: The Romantic Rationalist: God, Life, and Used the Scriptures” by Andrew Murray Imagination in the Work of C.S. Lewis ed. by John 8 Article: “Language of the Heart” by Thomas Piper (Ch. 2) C. Parker 20 Book: The Contemporary Christian by John Stott 9 Article: “The Jogging Monk and Exegesis of (Part III: The Bible) the Heart” by James B. Smith 21 Book: How to Read the Bible in Changing Times 10 Book: Jesus Through Middle Eastern Eyes: by Mark L. Strauss (Ch. 1-4) Cultural Studies in the Gospels by Kenneth E. Bailey 22 Book: Meditating as a Christian by Peter Toon 23 11 Book: Is the New Testament Reliable? by Paul Book: Words of Life: Scripture as the Living and Barnett Active Word of God by Timothy Ward

55 C.S. Lewis Institute Fellows Program | Year One Handbook 2016-17 November | Living a Life of Love & Obedience

Living a Life of Love & Obedience

“Christian Love, either towards God or towards man, is an affair of the will.”

— C.S. Lewis • Mere Christianity

C.S. Lewis Institute Fellows Program | Year One Handbook 2016-17 56 November | Living a Life of Love & Obedience

Living a Life of Love & Obedience The Bible tells an amazing story of the relational triune God, who has from eternity been characterized by giving and receiving love. Out of the fullness of this delightful fellowship God created human beings in His image with the capacity to experience His love and reflect His glory by sacrificially loving others. This was a glorious calling which has been squandered from the beginning by his rebellious creatures. But motivated by His great love for us, Jesus Christ, our appointed representative, stepped into our world, and restated and perfectly obeyed God’s call by flawlessly loving God and others. The good news is that through faith in Him we can be forgiven, renewed, and restored to God’s original calling. Jesus’ obedient life also provides us with an example of what it looks like to reflect the image of God by wholeheartedly loving God and others through the indwelling Holy Spirit, who empowers us to become a people who increasingly live like Jesus.

This session focuses on the need to understand love as defined and illustrated by the Scriptures, rather than assuming the sensuous and sentimental view of love that often permeates our culture. We will highlight the central place that love plays in the Scriptures for enabling us to understand who God is, who we are, and what kind of life God calls us to as followers of Jesus, who said that the first and greatest commandment is to love God wholeheartedly, and the second is to love our neighbor as yourself.

This month we will also have a special hands-on opportunity to “love not in word only, but in deed and truth,” as we participate in a potentially life-changing service project. We’ll get out of our comfort zone, serve people in need, have an opportunity to share the good news of Jesus Christ, enjoy fellowship, then process our study theme and the day’s experiences. Our goal is to commit ourselves to loving God wholeheartedly and loving our neighbor as the proper expression of discipleship with Jesus.

FELLOWS SESSIONS

57 C.S. Lewis Institute Fellows Program | Year One Handbook 2016-17 November | Living a Life of Love & Obedience

Living a Life of Love & Obedience

o Read and Reflect o Read Deuteronomy 6:1-9; Matthew 5:43-48, “The Prayer-Obedience Relationship” by 22:34-40; Luke 10:25-37; 1 John 3; 4:7-8 W. Bingham Hunter - 4 pp. o Complete o Read Bible Study (Matthew 22:34-40) “Obedience: The Key that Opens Doors” by Thomas A. Tarrants, III - 2 pp. o Meditate and Memorize Matthew 22:36-40 o Read “Profile in Faith: V. Raymond Edman” by o Read Joel S. Woodruff - 4 pp. “How Do You Love?” by J. Oswald Sanders - 4 pp. o Read “The Discipline of Discipleship” by V. o Read Raymond Edman - 2 pp. “Loving God with Heart & Mind” by Alister E. McGrath - 3 pp. o Read “Profile in Faith: Eric Liddell” by Joel S. o Read Woodruff - 5 pp. “Trust and Obey” by C.S. Lewis - 1 p. o Read o Read The Problem of Pain by C.S. Lewis - 10 pp. The God Who Loves You: Love Divine, All (Ch. 3) Loves Excelling by Peter Kreeft - 118 pp. (Intro, Ch. 1-6) o Listen The Four Loves by C.S. Lewis - 127 o Read minutes. Studies in the Sermon on the Mount by D. Martyn Lloyd-Jones - 28 pp. (Vol. 1, Ch. o Read 29-30; Vol. 2, Ch. 19) “Keeping the Heart of God at the Heart of Living” by E.G. Link - 2 pp. o Read “Loving God and Neighbor” by Thomas o Watch A. Tarrants, III - 5 pp. “The Miniature Earth Project” - 3 minutes o Read “Jesus Believes It Is Possible!” by Greg o Watch Ogden - 4 pp. “Work Like a Doctor, Live Like a Nurse” - 8 minutes o Read Love Walked Among Us: Learning to Love o Watch Like Jesus by Paul E. Miller - 62 pp. (Ch. “Where is Your Finish Line?” - 15 minutes 1-6, 11, 13)

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Living a Life of Love & Obedience o Complete Issues to Ponder o Complete Action Assignment o Write Response Paper o Monthly Mentor Meeting o Monthly Triplet/Quad Meeting o Urban Plunge (first weekend of the following month in lieu of Monthly Lecture & Discussion)

Turn In o Completed Checklist Give a copy of the following o Bible Study items to your Mentor: o Response Paper

59 C.S. Lewis Institute Fellows Program | Year One Handbook 2016-17 November | Living a Life of Love & Obedience

BIBLE STUDY Living a Life of Love & Obedience

During the week of Passover Jesus entered the temple courts and began to teach. As a result the religious leaders began to question Him. One of the Pharisees asked Jesus, “What is the greatest commandment in the law?”

1 Matthew 22:34-35 shows the attitude of the 7 Jesus says that loving God with our whole being religious leaders (Sadducees and Pharisees) is the “first” and “greatest” commandment, toward Jesus. Why were the religious leaders so then he adds a “second” commandment opposed to Jesus? What does their opposition from Leviticus 19:18 which says, “Love your to God’s Son (Jesus) say about the condition of neighbor as yourself.” How does Jesus’ addition their hearts? How do you respond when God of the second commandment relate to the first does things a different way than you expected? one?

2 When the Pharisees asked Jesus about the 8 What does it mean to love your neighbor? Is “greatest commandment in the Law” (v. 36), he it chiefly a matter of feeling or emotion? Or responded by quoting the passage in the Old perhaps a matter of will and action? Or some Testament known as the “Shema” (Deut. 6:5). combination? (See Matt. 7:12 for a clue.) Jesus said, “Love the Lord your God with all your heart, and with all your soul, and with all your 9 What if your neighbor is an enemy? (See Matt. mind.” What is the extent of our love for God 5:48.) to be? 10 In wrapping up His response to the question 3 In popular culture, love is usually understood to raised by the “expert on the law” concerning be a matter of feeling or emotion. What do you the “greatest commandment in the law,” Jesus think love of God entails? You can find a clue in said, “All the Law and the Prophets hang on John 14:15. these two commandments” (Matt. 22:40). Michael Wilkins writes, “These are the greatest 4 The Scriptures tell us that “God is love” (1 Jn. commandments because they go to the essence 4:8) and that we are to live a life of love (toward of the way God has created humans to live: God and others) because God first loved us (1 giving oneself to God and to others to fulfill Jn. 4:7,10,11,19). Why is it so important to his purposes for us as the crown of his creation keep the correct order of love (God is love, God in displaying in our lives the glory of God’s loves us in Christ; therefore, we are to love God kingdom on earth. Jesus’ inauguration of the and others) in mind? kingdom enables this to be a concrete reality for his disciples.”3 5 If we understand that spiritual disciplines are God-given means by which we grow in grace, 11 According to C.S. Lewis, “A perfect man practices that help cultivate our love for God [would] never act from a sense of duty; he’d and others and not self-help techniques, how always want the right thing more than the can prayer, Bible reading, meditation, fasting, wrong one. Duty is only a substitute for love silence, etc., help us grow in love? (of God and of other people) like a crutch which is a substitute for a leg. Most of us need the 6 Briefly discuss some dangers of ignoring or crutch at times; but of course it is idiotic to overemphasizing some facet of our being use the crutch when our own legs (our own (thoughts, feelings, desires, attitudes, actions) loves, tastes, habits etc.) can do the journey in relation to the love command (emotionalism, on their own.”4 rationalism, activism, etc.).

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Issues to Ponder

1 What has been your understanding of love to 6 Where in your life do you express love for date? others in concrete deeds of servanthood?

2 How does the biblical view of love differ 7 What do you need to change in your life to from your view of love? love God and your neighbor more than you do now? 3 How does Lloyd-Jones characterize love? How does C.S. Lewis characterize it? 8 Do you express love for the poor and needy through financial giving? 4 Do you consciously seek to obey God’s commands in your daily life? 9 What percentage of your finances goes to God, to others and to you? Ask God if He 5 What do you think motivates your obedience would like you to make any adjustments, and to God? Fear, guilt, social pleasures or love? if so what He would like you to change.

Action Assignment

1 Privately, ask God how you can help someone who is poor/ needy and when He answers, respond accordingly. You might give them some money, buy them a meal, take them to a doctor’s appointment, etc. Then, as a small group, ask God to show each of you how much money you should contribute to a common purse that might be used to help a poor person or family at Christmas. Pray and discuss ideas of whom you might help. Do not simply write a check; get involved personally with someone in need. (Note: giving within the small group should be done in a way that each person’s gift remains anonymous.)

2 As Thanksgiving approaches, prayerfully consider non-Christian family and friends with whom you will spend time. Ask God to open the hearts of one or two people and to create opportunities to share your faith with them. Review and refine your testimony and attempt to share it winsomely.

61 C.S. Lewis Institute Fellows Program | Year One Handbook 2016-17 November | Living a Life of Love & Obedience

Additional Recommended Resources

1 Article: “The Great Commandment” by 15 Book: The Four Loves by C.S. Lewis Klaus Bockmuehl 16 Book: Mere Christianity by C.S. Lewis (Book 3, 2 Article: “Loving by Serving” by Jerry Bridges Ch. 1-7, 9-12)

3 Article: “Love Without Limits” by Bernard 17 Book: The Problem of Pain by C.S. Lewis (Ch. 2) of Clairvaux 18 Book: Love: The Ultimate Apologetic by Art 4 Article: “Afraid to Love” by Brent Curtis Lindsley

5 Article: “The Ministry of the Towel: 19 Book: Theirs is the Kingdom: Celebrating the Practicing Love Through Service” by Richard Gospel in Urban America by Robert D. Lupton J. Foster 20 Book: Testaments of Love by Leon Morris 6 Article: “C.S. Lewis on Love” by Art Lindsley 21 Book: The Essential Commandment: A Disciple’s Guide to Loving God and Others by Greg Ogden 7 Article: “Learning to Savor the Love of God” by John Piper 22 Book: Love Beyond Reason by John Ortberg 8 Article: “Living as God’s Beloved” by Paula Rinehart 23 Book: The Mark of a Christian by Francis Schaeffer 9 Article: “Burning Hearts Are Not Nourished by Empty Heads” by R.C. Sproul 24 Book: Ten Questions to Diagnose Your Spiritual Health by Donald S. Whitney 10 Article: “The Generous Heart and Life of C.S. Lewis” by Joel S. Woodruff 25 Audio: “Helena Joy Davidman: A Portrait” by Lyle Dorsett 11 Book: Bold Love by Donald B. Allender and Tremper Longman, III 26 Audio: “Living a Life of Love” by Thomas A. Tarrants, III 12 Book: The Difficult Doctrine of the Love of Video: “Can Love Lead You to Knowing Christ?” God by D.A. Carson 27 by Art Lindsley 13 Book: On Loving God by Bernard of Clairvaux

14 Book: Charity and Its Fruits by Jonathan Edwards (Lecture I, “Charity, or Love, the Sum of All Virtue”)

3 Wilkins, Michael J. The NIV Application Commentary: Matthew (Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2009), p. 726.

4 C. S. Lewis, ed. Walter Hooper, The Collected Letters of C. S. Lewis: Volume III: Narnia, Cambridge, and Joy (New York, NY: HarperCollins, 2007) 872.

C.S. Lewis Institute Fellows Program | Year One Handbook 2016-17 62 November | Living a Life of Love & Obedience

63 C.S. Lewis Institute Fellows Program | Year One Handbook 2016-17 December | Walking in Humility

Walking in Humility

“If anyone would like to acquire humility, I can, I think, tell him the first step. The first step is to realize that one is proud. …If you think you are not conceited, it means you are very conceited indeed.”

— C.S. Lewis • Mere Christianity

C.S. Lewis Institute Fellows Program | Year One Handbook 2016-17 64 December | Walking in Humility

Walking in Humility Our focus this month is humility. What is true humility? It is not self-hatred, self-loathing, denying our abilities, pretending to be other than we are, rejecting ourselves, punishing ourselves, etc. J. I. Packer puts it well: “Being humble is not a matter of pretending to be worthless, but is a form of realism, not only regarding the real badness of one’s sins and stupidities, and the real depth of one’s dependence on God’s grace but also regarding the real range of one’s abilities.” Similarly, John Stott says biblically informed humility is “honesty, acknowledging the truth about ourselves, that as creatures we depend on our Creator’s power and as sinners on our Savior’s grace.” Humility is the path to deeper fellowship with God and others, as well as true Christ-likeness and fruitful ministry. The Gospel reminds us how Christ’s love was expressed in humble servanthood—in deliberately taking upon Himself the role of a servant—and those who would follow Him are called to glorify God by following the example of Christ. In this session we will (1) gain insight into how pride keeps us from experiencing the grace of God and negatively impacts our relationships, (2) consider how looking to Jesus and relying on the Spirit of Christ can enable us to pursue a lifestyle of humility.

FELLOWS SESSIONS

65 C.S. Lewis Institute Fellows Program | Year One Handbook 2016-17 December | Walking in Humility

Walking in Humility

o Read and Reflect o Read 2 Chronicles 26:1-21; Daniel 4:1-37; Luke The Freedom of Self-Forgetfulness by 14:7-11, 18:9-14; Philippians 2:3-11; 1 Timothy Keller - 39 pp. Peter 5:5-6 o Read o Complete Love Walked Among Us: Learning to Love Bible Study (Philippians 2:3-11) Like Jesus by Paul E. Miller - 10 pp. (Ch. 19) o Meditate and Memorize Philippians 2:3-5 o Listen “Walking in Humility” by Bill Kynes - 47 o Read minutes “Humility” by Jonathan Edwards - 1 p. o Listen o Read “Walking in Humility” by Stuart McAlpine “C.S. Lewis on Humility (and Pride)” by - 92 minutes Art Lindsley - 7 pp. o Listen o Read “C.S. Lewis on Pride and Humility” by Humility by Andrew Murray - 50 pp. Thomas A. Tarrants, III - 77 minutes o Read o Complete The Mark of a Christian by Francis Perfectionism Test Schaeffer- 38 pp. o Complete o Read Type A Personality Test Studies in the Sermon on the Mount by D. Martyn Lloyd-Jones - 18 pp. (Vol. 1, Ch. o Complete 4 & 6) Issues to Ponder o Read o Complete Mere Christianity by C.S. Lewis - 6 pp. Action Assignment (Book 3, Ch. 8) o Write o Read Response Paper The Screwtape Letters by C.S. Lewis - 2 pp. (Letter 14) o Monthly Mentor Meeting o Read o Monthly Triplet/Quad Meeting The Great Divorce by C.S. Lewis - 5 pp. (Ch. 4) o Monthly Lecture & Discussion

C.S. Lewis Institute Fellows Program | Year One Handbook 2016-17 66 December | Walking in Humility

Walking in Humility

Turn In o Completed Checklist Give a copy of the following o Bible Study items to your Mentor: o Response Paper o Perfectionism Test

67 C.S. Lewis Institute Fellows Program | Year One Handbook 2016-17 December | Walking in Humility

BIBLE STUDY Walking in Humility

Paul writes to the believers at Philippi to encourage them to strive together to maintain unity in the midst of opposition from those outside the faith and disunity from those within the faith community. His instructions were necessary since two of their prominent believers (Euodia and Syntyche; 4:2) were at odds with each other and their dispute had apparently affected the attitude of the rest of the community (2:14). He encourages them to be “of the same mind, having the same love, being in full accord and of one mind” (2:2).

1 In order to help the believers at Philippi 4 Notice how in verses 5-11 Paul uses the example overcome their relational conflicts Paul must of Christ (who relinquished being “in the form get them to change their perspective, so he tells of God” and took on “the form of a servant” them “do nothing from selfish ambition or vain and “humbled himself, becoming obedient to the conceit, but count others more significant than point of death, even death on a cross”) to address yourselves” (2:3). What are some of the reasons the self-seeking attitudes in the community of why we might want to put ourselves first when faith. What is there about Jesus’ example that we are in difficult relationships? speaks to our reluctance to value others above ourselves? 2 What sort of problems does counting ourselves better than others and being self-centered rather When have you experienced this quality of than Christ-centered create in relationships humility from another person? How did it affect (marriage, church, work, etc.)? you?

3 Putting away selfish ambition and vain conceit in 5 What will it look like for you to daily “count order to care for others may sound noble, but it others more significant than yourself and look is notoriously difficult to do. While Paul expects out for their interests” (2:4)? This may not be us to look after our own interests, what specific so hard with those you like or love, but what attitude of heart does he commend toward about someone with whom you have tensions or others (2:4)? What resources do we have to even conflict? enable us to overcome our self-centeredness and 6 care for the interests of others? Paul’s advice is that conduct with the Christian community should characterize all our relationships. What impact might Paul’s advice have on a marriage, work environment, church community, etc.?

(continued) C.S. Lewis Institute Fellows Program | Year One Handbook 2016-17 68 December | Walking in Humility

Walking in Humility

7 John Stott has defined humility as “honesty, 9 How does the presence of the Holy Spirit in our acknowledging the truth about ourselves, that lives enable us to walk in humility day-by-day? as creatures we depend on our Creator’s power and as sinners on our Savior’s grace.” Pride can be defined as thinking more highly of ourselves than we ought and was at the root of Adam and Eve’s disobedience to God and subsequent fall. What are some of the effects of pride on our thinking, emotions, relationships and attitudes?

8 Some of the characteristics of a humble person (someone who does not think more highly of themselves than they ought) have been suggested as: recognizes the need for the grace of God, seeks to bring glory to God (not themselves), lives a grateful life, keeps company with Jesus, not overly concerned with image management, does not trumpet talents and accomplishments, does not name-drop, admits failures, respects others’ opinions, resists being the center of attention, draws others out, avoids catering to particular groups (wealthy, powerful, beautiful, etc.), makes room for others, listens to others, listens more than they talk, uses gifts for the good of others (talents, possessions, etc.), free from pretension, not argumentative, gentle and caring toward others; especially the poor, the needy and those who are less powerful.

Who do you know that embodies these characteristics to a significant degree?

69 C.S. Lewis Institute Fellows Program | Year One Handbook 2016-17 December | Walking in Humility

Issues to Ponder

1 Can you think of anyone toward whom you 6 How do you typically seek to exalt yourself? have a critical or judgmental attitude? If you (Ask your spouse or even an enemy/ do, reflect on why you think of them that adversary.) way. 7 Do you consciously seek to serve others 2 How do you react to proud people? without any thought of gain?

3 Upon whom do you look down? Why? 8 What is meekness, and how is it related to (Consider individuals, personality types, humility? political types, racial and ethnic groups, etc.) 9 What do you think is the relationship 4 Do you treat people of lower social, between pride and perfectionism? Between educational or financial status differently pride and a Type A personality? from the way you treat those of a higher status? If so, why?

5 Where might you have too high an opinion of yourself? (Ask someone who will tell you the truth.)

Action Assignment

1 Identify one area in which you are prideful and act in the opposite spirit the next time an opportunity arises. Then do it again, and again and again until it becomes a habit. Do not choose the hardest thing you can imagine. Rather, begin with something less difficult, and don’t tell anyone about it. As you see change in that one area, start working on another. Seek to become a servant to others and look for opportunities to do so; take a lower place and do menial things.

2 As Christmas approaches, prayerfully consider any non-Christian family and friends with whom you will spend time. Ask God to open the hearts of one or two people and to create opportunities to share your faith with them. Review and refine your testimony and attempt to share it winsomely.

3 In the final week of the month, conduct an Annual Spiritual Checkup (see Fellows Center online handbook). Prayerfully consider each question and your responses. Share this with as many of your Christian friends and family as possible, encouraging them to prayerfully pause and consider before ringing in the New Year.

C.S. Lewis Institute Fellows Program | Year One Handbook 2016-17 70 December | Walking in Humility

Additional Recommended Resources

1 Article: “Haughty or Humble?” by Howard 12 Book: To Increase Humility by Jeremy Taylor Baker 13 Book: The Steps of Humility and Pride by Bernard 2 Article: “What Does the Bible Say About of Clairvaux Humility?” by M.C. Alfred Ells 14 Book: Charity and Its Fruits by Jonathan 3 Article: “Here Comes the Pride” by David Edwards (Lecture VII, “The Spirit of Charity an W. Henderson Humble Spirit”)

4 Article: “The Independence Myth” by James 15 Book: The Abolition of Man by C.S. Lewis M. Houston 16 Book: Humility: True Greatness by C.J. Mahaney 5 Article: “That Vain Hope and Elation of Mind Are to be Fled and Avoided” by 17 Audio: “The Seductive Sirens of Perfectionism - Thomas à Kempis Part 1” by Richard Winter

6 Article: “The Lord Helps Those Who Can’t 18 Audio: “The Seductive Sirens of Perfectionism - Help Themselves” by Donald McCullough Part 2” by Richard Winter

7 Article: “Humility and Faith” by Andrew 19 Audio: “The Perils of Perfectionism - Part 1” by Murray Richard Winter

8 Article: “Cleanse Me from Secret Faults” by 20 Audio: “The Perils of Perfectionism - Part 2” by John Henry Newman Richard Winter

9 Article: “Pride, Humility & God” by John 21 Audio: “The Freedom to Pursue Excellence - Stott Part 1” by Richard Winter

10 Article: “A Strange Gait” by John Stumbo 22 Audio: “The Freedom to Pursue Excellence - Part 2” by Richard Winter 11 Article: “At the Foot of the Cross: What Does It Mean to Humble Yourself?” by Joni 23 Audio: “The Freedom to Pursue Excellence - Eareckson Tada Part 3” by Richard Winter

71 C.S. Lewis Institute Fellows Program | Year One Handbook 2016-17 January | Growing in Prayer & Faith

Growing in Prayer & Faith

“The whole threefold life of the three-personal Being is actually going on in that ordinary little bedroom where an ordinary man is saying his prayers.”

— C.S. Lewis • Mere Christianity

C.S. Lewis Institute Fellows Program | Year One Handbook 2016-17 72 January | Growing in Prayer & Faith

Growing in Prayer & Faith Just as our new life in Christ began as a faith response to the grace of God, so we continue to draw near to God, are transformed into the image of Christ, and participate in His mission to the world by the means of grace that God has provided. Of the various means of grace, praying, like reading the Word of God (Scripture), is a vital practice. It is easy to see why this is the case since God is a personal being who created and redeemed us for conversation, communion and participation in His kingdom rule. Now that we have been united to His Son we can confidently come to the Father in prayer with an attitude of faith, trusting that He wants to commune with His children and He will provide all that we need to sustain us and empower us to advance His kingdom. Therefore, to live without prayer is essentially to live without God, and to be content with a weak prayer life ensures a shallow relationship with God and ineffectiveness in carrying out his calling on our lives.

This month we will explore the Scripture’s teaching about (1) how prayer is a pathway to a deeper relationship with God and a more joyful, grace-filled and fruitful Christian life, (2) the relationship of faith to prayer. Our framework for understanding and practicing prayer for this month will be the prayer that Jesus taught His disciples to pray (“the Lord’s Prayer”).

FELLOWS SESSIONS

73 C.S. Lewis Institute Fellows Program | Year One Handbook 2016-17 January | Growing in Prayer & Faith

Growing in Prayer & Faith

o Read and Reflect o Listen Matthew 6:5-14, 7:7-11; Luke 18:1-8 “The Lord’s Prayer 1995” by Timothy Keller & Richard P. Kaufman - 186 o Complete minutes (six sermons) Bible Study (Matthew 6:5-14) o Watch o Meditate and Memorize “The Practice of Prayer” by Amy Orr- Matthew 7:7-11 Ewing - 30 minutes o Read o Complete “If God is Sovereign, Why Should We Issues to Ponder Pray?” by C.S. Lewis - 1 p. o Complete o Read Action Assignment A Praying Life: Connecting with God in a Distracting World by Paul E. Miller - 85 o Write pp. (Ch. 3-8, 12-18) Response Paper o Read o Monthly Mentor Meeting “George Müller’s Strategy for Showing Response Paper God” by John Piper - 8 pp. o Monthly Triplet/Quad Meeting o Read The Autobiography of George Müller by o Monthly Lecture & Discussion George Müller - 126 pp. (Ch. 12-25) o Read Studies in the Sermon on the Mount by D. Martyn Lloyd-Jones - 82 pp. (Vol. 2, Ch. 1-6, 13, 14, 18)

Turn In o Completed Checklist Give a copy of the following o Bible Study items to your Mentor: o Response Paper

C.S. Lewis Institute Fellows Program | Year One Handbook 2016-17 74 January | Growing in Prayer & Faith

BIBLE STUDY Growing in Prayer & Faith

Jesus’ teaching on prayer (Matt. 6:5-14) occurs in the context of the Sermon on the Mount. Having already emphasized that the coming of the kingdom results in deep inner transformation (5:20), Jesus illustrates how this inner transformation impacts outer acts of righteousness such as giving, prayer, and fasting. This prayer, known as “the Lord’s Prayer,” was widely thought of as a model prayer by the time of the mid-second century, and it was recited three times per day by some Christians since it gave the framework for a Christian view of life.

1 In verses 5–8 Jesus begins His teaching on prayer by 9 The second petition says, “your kingdom come, your contrasting prayer that is informed by the character of will be done on earth as it is in heaven” (v. 10). Jesus the living God and the arrival of the kingdom of God proclaimed that the reign of God was present in with hypocritical and pagan praying. Compare and His ministry and taught His disciples to pray for its contrast the different views of prayer. What’s wrong future coming. How does this kingdom focus shape with hypocritical praying? What’s wrong with pagan the way we are to pray for the present and for the praying? How does Jesus say to pray instead? future?

2 Based on verses 5-8, how would you describe the 10 The third petition of the Lord’s Prayer (v. 11) is relationship between our view of God and the way for daily sustenance. It reads, “Give us today our we pray? daily bread.” What do you think is included in daily bread? Why do you think that Jesus wanted to 3 Read verse 8. God knows our needs before we ask, remind us of our need to look to the Father for our but He wants us to ask anyway. How is asking our “daily” needs? “Father” (v. 8) for our needs good for us? 11 The fourth petition (v. 12) focuses our attention 4 The Lord’s Prayer could be divided in half: verses on forgiveness. It says, “Forgive us our debts, as we 9–10 and 11–13. What are the themes of each half? also have forgiven our debtors.” Our debts are sins What does each half have in common? we have committed against God. How does this petition condition our request for forgiveness? Is 5 Jesus begins His prayer with the word “Our.” Looking over Jesus’ prayer, in what ways does there anyone you need to forgive? it emphasize the communal nature of life in the 12 The fifth petition (v. 13) says, “And lead us not into kingdom? temptation, but deliver us from the evil one.” What 6 How does Jesus’ teaching on prayer assume the does this petition tell us about Jesus’ expectations revelation of Jesus as the Son of God who came to for our life in this world? proclaim the good news that by God’s grace we can 13 Including Jesus’ instructions before and after His be reconciled to God and freed to live in the Father’s model prayer, what personal guidelines can you house as sons and daughters both now and forever? come up with for life in general and prayer in 7 Read Matthew 6:9–13 again. What specific things are particular from this passage? we asking for when we pray the Lord’s Prayer? 14 In what way does this prayer give us a sense of 8 What does the first petition, “Our Father in heaven, identity, mission, provision and protection? hallowed be your name” (v. 9), tell us about God and how does it reset our priorities for prayer? What does it mean to “hallow” God’s name?

75 C.S. Lewis Institute Fellows Program | Year One Handbook 2016-17 January | Growing in Prayer & Faith

Issues to Ponder

1 Do you find prayer a duty or a delight? Is it a 6 What do you think hinders your prayer life burden or a blessing to you? the most?

2 Do you pray with expectation that God will 7 What kind of discipline do you need to answer your prayers? develop to have a regular daily prayer time? What are some concrete changes you need to 3 Was George Müller’s story encouraging or make to pray each day? discouraging to you? Why? 8 What other steps do you need to take to 4 How much time do you spend in prayer? Do move into a deeper prayer life? you feel that it is enough?

5 According to Lloyd-Jones, how should we begin each prayer?

Action Assignment

Create a plan for daily prayer at a set time and in an undistracted place. It is probably best to do it in the morning, but if you are not a morning person you may want to try the evening. Try using the Lord’s Prayer as a pattern to guide you.

Most people find it helpful to read the Bible before praying. Throughout history, God’s people have found it helpful to read through the Psalms, one or more each day, in canonical order. Or you might read through one of the Gospels, a chapter a day. Whatever you select, read slowly and in consecutive order to understand the Scripture in context. Before you read, ask God to speak to you through his Word. Avoid random sampling. Discuss your plan and results with your Mentor.

C.S. Lewis Institute Fellows Program | Year One Handbook 2016-17 76 January | Growing in Prayer & Faith

Additional Recommended Resources

1 Article: “Two Intriguing Questions About 17 Article: “A Day to Pray” by Lonni Collins Pratt Prayer” by Thomas Aquinas 18 Article: “Prayer” by J.C. Ryle 2 Article: “Patterns for Prayer” by Howard Baker 19 Article: “Four Hindrances to Answered Prayer” by A.B. Simpson 3 Article: “Persevering Through Dry Seasons in Prayer” by Ugolino Boniscambi 20 Article: “Forgiveness: The Power to Change the Past” by Lewis B. Smedes 4 Article: “In Jesus’ Name, Amen” by Paul Borthwick 21 Article: “Speaking God’s Language” by Joni Eareckson Tada 5 Article: “The True Radical” by Jacques Ellul 22 Article: “Beginning the Journey of Prayer” by 6 Article: “Prayer Blockers” by Mike Teresa of Avila Fleischmann 23 Article: “Lead Us Not Into Temptation” by Paul 7 Article: “Praying the Ordinary” by Richard Thigpen J. Foster 24 Article: “The Forgiveness Factor” by Gary 8 Article: “Prayer and Spiritual Friendship” by Thomas James M. Houston 25 Article: “Your Prayers Matter” by Alvin J. Vander 9 Article: “Forgive Us Our Debts, As We Also Griend Have Forgiven Our Debtors” by R. Kent Hughes 26 Article: “Commentary on the Lord’s Prayer” by John Wesley 10 Article: “The Fruits of Intercession” by William Law 27 Article: “The Power of the Word of God” by Ulrich Zwingli 11 Article: “C.S. Lewis on Prayer” by Art Lindsley 28 Book: Handbook to Prayer: Praying Scripture Back to God by Kenneth Boa 12 Article: “Soul Talk” by Gordon MacDonald 29 Book: The Heart of Prayer: What Jesus Teaches Us 13 Article: “The Lord’s Prayer Revisited” by by Jerram Barrs Chuck Mylander 30 Book: The Practice of the Presence of God by 14 Article: “The Best Time for Prayer” by Brother Lawrence by Art Lindsley Warren & Ruth Myers 31 Book: Rees Howells, Intercessor by Norman Grubb 15 Article: “The Listening Side of Prayer: How to Hear God’s Voice Above the Clamor” by 32 Book: Prayer by O. Hallesby Stacey Padrick 33 Book: The God Who Hears by Bingham Hunter 16 Article: “Focused on the Father: Who Are You Looking at When You Pray?” by Roger C. Palms

77 C.S. Lewis Institute Fellows Program | Year One Handbook 2016-17 January | Growing in Prayer & Faith

Additional Recommended Resources

34 Book: A Layman Looks at the Lord’s Prayer by Phillip Keller

35 Book: A Simple Way to Pray by Martin Luther

36 Book: With Christ in the School of Prayer by Andrew Murray

37 Book: Prayer Power Unlimited by J. Oswald Sanders

38 Book: Praying the Lord’s Prayer by J.I. Packer

39 Book: Daring to Draw Near by John White

40 Book: Spiritual Disciplines for the Christian Life by Donald S. Whitney (Ch. 4, 9, 10)

41 Book: Praying the Bible by Donald S. Whitney

42 Audio: “The Prayer Life of C.S. Lewis” by James M. Houston

C.S. Lewis Institute Fellows Program | Year One Handbook 2016-17 78 January | Growing in Prayer & Faith

79 C.S. Lewis Institute Fellows Program | Year One Handbook 2016-17 February | Pursuing God’s Call on Your Life

Pursuing God’s Call on Your Life

“Be sure that the ins and outs of your individuality are no mystery to Him; and one day they will no longer be a mystery to you.”

— C.S. Lewis • The Problem of Pain

C.S. Lewis Institute Fellows Program | Year One Handbook 2016-17 80 February | Pursuing God’s Call on Your Life

Pursuing God’s Call on Your Life As disciples of Jesus, we are His people and are called and committed to reflect God’s glory

• through our relationships with others (love God and other people)

• through the creative use of our God-given talents, gifts, and resources to bless others, to glorify and honor God, to advance His kingdom and to enable the creation to flourish (art, recreation, politics, literature, etc.)

The problem is that from very early on human beings have made a mess of the world by using our freedom to rebel against God, so we have experienced alienation in our relationships and frustration in our calling to administer God’s rule. The good news is that the triune God of grace began His restorative process by calling out a people who would realign with His purposes. This process came to a climax in the coming of Jesus who is even now calling out a people for the glory of God from all the nations (ekklesia, the Church). When we respond to His call to be reconciled to God and each other in Christ, our relationships with God and others are restored and our calling to reflect the image of God as servants at work, home, at play, and in every area of life is renewed. Although we await the return of Christ to fully realize God’s purposes, we enjoy God and His world, proclaim the good news and use our gifts and talents to glorify God in every area of life.

During this month of the Fellows Program our goals will include to (1) grasp the significance of what it means to be a member of Jesus’ called out community of disciples, (2) gain a clearer understanding of the relationship of God’s calling for every area of life, especially our work, (3) grow in our understanding of what He has designed us to do, vocationally, (4) commit ourselves to God, joyfully responding to His call to be servants in the world through our vocation.

FELLOWS SESSIONS

81 C.S. Lewis Institute Fellows Program | Year One Handbook 2016-17 February | Pursuing God’s Call on Your Life

Pursuing God’s Call on Your Life

o Read and Reflect o Read Genesis 1:26-28; Nehemiah 1-2; Daniel “Leadership Lessons in Following” by Ray 1-6; Romans 1:6, 7:1-25, 8:28-30; Blunt - 2 pp. 1 Corinthians 1:9, 7:17-24; 1 Peter 2:9-10 o Watch o Complete “Pursuing God’s Call On Your Life” by Art Bible Study (Genesis 1:26-28; Nehemiah Lindsley 1-2; Daniel 1-6; Romans 1:6, 7:1-25, 8:28-30; 1 Corinthians 1:9, 7:17-24; 1 o Read Peter 2:9-10) “Profile in Faith: William Wilberforce” by Christopher D. Hancock - 5 pp. o Meditate and Memorize 1 Peter 2:9-10 o Read “Lessons Along the Career Path” by Robin o Read R. King - 2 pp. “Work: A Holy Calling” by Jerram Barrs - 2 pp. o Read “What ‘Product’ Are You Managing?” by o Read Kerry Knott - 2 pp. “Why Work?” by Dorothy Sayers - 11 pp. o Complete o Read Issues to Ponder The Weight of Glory by C.S. Lewis - 11 pp. (“Learning in War Time”) o Complete Action Assignment o Read The Cure for the Common Life by Max o Write Lucado - 214 pp. Response Paper o Listen o Monthly Mentor Meeting “The Call” by Os Guinness – 80 minutes Response Paper o Listen o Monthly Triplet/Quad Meeting “The Call to Civility” by Os Guinness – 79 minutes o Monthly Lecture & Discussion o Listen “God’s Call on Your Life: What Is It?” by Bill Hendricks – 27 minutes

C.S. Lewis Institute Fellows Program | Year One Handbook 2016-17 82 February | Pursuing God’s Call on Your Life

Pursuing God’s Call on Your Life

Turn In o Completed Checklist Give a copy of the following o Bible Study items to your Mentor: o Response Paper

83 C.S. Lewis Institute Fellows Program | Year One Handbook 2016-17 February | Pursuing God’s Call on Your Life

BIBLE STUDY Pursuing God’s Call on Your Life

Gen. 1:26-28 – In the creation account, Scripture records something unique which God did: He made the man and the woman in His image and likeness. While there have been many suggestions as to what it means to be created in the image and likeness of God, it seems significant that God speaks to the man and the woman. Later God will commune and converse with them (Gen. 2 - 3), and He will give them a calling/task to perform (Gen. 1:28).

1 Having been created in the image and likeness of God 6 What are the titles that Peter uses to refer to these (Gen. 1:26-28), Adam and Eve were made to reflect Christian communities (1 Pt. 2:9)? Why are these God’s character through their rational, emotional and titles significant? volitional capacities and their relationships (know, love and serve God and other people). What does this 7 Why is it important to recognize that this passage is say about God’s intentions for our lives? first of all written to communities of faith?

2 In light of God’s design for our lives what should our 8 Peter is writing to mostly Gentile communities. Why life priorities be? is it so important they have their identity grounded in the Gospel? How does our new identity as the 3 The man and the woman were created in the image of people of God relate to our ethnic or racial identity? God, and they were given a special assignment (Gen. 1:28) that had meaning because of its relationship to the One who created and called them. What was their 1 Corinthians 7:17-24 calling/task? 9 What does it mean to remain “in the same calling in which he was called?” (1 Cor. 7:20, NKJV) Romans 1:6, 7, 8:28, 8:30; 1 Corinthians 1:9 10 What is the meaning of the first and second use of 4 How does this original calling found in Genesis “call” in this phrase? (see context) 1:26-28 relate to us as disciples of Jesus, who are being “renewed in the knowledge of the image of the 11 How do our talents, gifts, and circumstances help Creator” (Col. 3:10)? define our “specific calling”?

1 Peter 2:9-10 – In Peter’s first letter to the Christians Daniel 1-6 of Asia Minor, he reminds them of who they are, why 12 How did Daniel work out God’s call upon him they have been called, and how they are to live in a in the difficult context in which he was placed (or way that is consistent with God’s calling. called)? According to Peter, we have been “called out of 5 Conclusion darkness into his marvelous light” in order to do what (1 Pt. 2:9)? 13 If living with a sense of calling requires there to be a caller, what happens to the meaning of life if you take away the caller?

C.S. Lewis Institute Fellows Program | Year One Handbook 2016-17 84 February | Pursuing God’s Call on Your Life

Issues to Ponder

1 How do you think your specific call relates to 4 Has a specific calling on your life emerged God’s general call on your life? over time? (For example, see: Nehemiah, Daniel, Wilberforce, etc.) 2 Given your particular gifts and abilities, how can you use the way in which God has made 5 Do you tend to identify yourself by your you to serve Him in your work, church, vocation/career? Is your identity bound to family, community and as a citizen? what you do rather than to Christ?

3 In what ways and to what degree does your 6 Consider Sayers’ essay. How can our work work make it difficult to be faithful to what serve God? Is it possible to be in a career that the Lord is calling you to in other areas of is incapable of serving God? As a disciple of your life? Jesus Christ, how should we respond if we find ourselves in such a vocation?

Action Assignment

1 Discuss your calling with your triplet/quad as discerned through The Cure for the Common Life. Re-examine your priorities. Determine if you are allotting the appropriate time to each area of your life (i.e., seeking God, loving others, work, marriage, family, church, fitness, sleep, etc.).

2 As Easter and Passover approach, prayerfully consider non-Christian family and friends with whom you will spend time. In the same way you gave gifts at Christmas, are there friends who might benefit from an Easter gift related to the resurrection? Send them a book or DVD that might further the conversation. (Consider Lee Strobel’s small book, The Case for Easter.) Try this with at least one person on the prayer list you built in June. (You should still be praying for everyone on that list.)

In the same way, if you have Jewish friends this is a good time to reach out to them. You could invite them to join you at a Messianic Seder, or you might send them a book like Moishe Rosen’s Christ in the Passover. Visit the websites of Jews for Jesus and Chosen People Ministries for guidance on Jewish evangelism. Also refer to the 2015 issue of Knowing & Doing for insights on Judaism.

85 C.S. Lewis Institute Fellows Program | Year One Handbook 2016-17 February | Pursuing God’s Call on Your Life

Additional Recommended Resources

1 Article: “My Journey in the Workplace” by 11 Book: Direction: A Biblical Perspective on Being Ken Broussard Called and Sent by God by Walter L. Liefeld

2 Article: “Waiting on the Lord While 12 Book: The Call: Finding and Fulfilling the Unemployed” by Doug Greenwold Central Purpose of Your Life by Os Guinness “From Politics to Pampers” by 3 Article: 13 Book: Every Good Endeavor: Connecting Your Michelle Morgan Knott Work to God’s Work by Timothy Keller 4 Article: “Impacting the Workplace for 14 Book: Finding a Job You Can Love by Ralph Christ” by Chris T. Morris Mattson & Arthur Miller 5 Article: “Success…Failure” by David C.L. Prior 15 Book: Work Matters: Connecting Sunday Worship to Monday Work by Tom Nelson 6 Article: “Life Was All About Me” by Thomas W. Simmons 16 Book: Your Work Matters to God by Douglas Sherman & William Hendricks 7 Article: “Answering God’s Call in the Public Schools” by Ashley Storm 17 Book: StrengthsFinder 2.0 by Tom Rath

8 Book: Joy at Work by Dennis Bakke 18 Book: Courage and Calling: Embracing Your God-Given Potential by Gordon T. Smith 9 Book: The Weight of Glory by C.S. Lewis (“The Inner Ring”) 19 Book: How Then Should We Work? Rediscovering the Biblical Doctrine of Work by Hugh Whelchel 10 Book: The Person Called You: Why You’re Here, Why You Matter & What You Should Do With Your Life by Bill Hendricks

C.S. Lewis Institute Fellows Program | Year One Handbook 2016-17 86 February | Pursuing God’s Call on Your Life

87 C.S. Lewis Institute Fellows Program | Year One Handbook 2016-17 March | Commending the Faith – Cultural Apologetics

Commending the Faith – Cultural Apologetics

“Supposing science ever became complete so that it knew every single thing in the whole universe. Is it not plain that the questions, ‘Why is there a universe?’ ‘Why does it go on as it does?’ ‘Has it any meaning?’ would remain just as they were.”

— C.S. Lewis • Mere Christianity

C.S. Lewis Institute Fellows Program | Year One Handbook 2016-17 88 March | Commending the Faith – Cultural Apologetics

Commending the Faith – Cultural Apologetics This session focuses on the topic of Christian apologetics. The word apologetics comes from the Greek word “apologia” which was originally used in a legal context. It was used to refer to the defendant’s rebuttal to charges of the prosecution. In the New Testament “apologia” is used three times (Phil. 1:7, 16; 1 Pet. 3:15) to speak of making a rational defense of the Christian faith. There are also many other texts in the New Testament that do not use this word where the idea of making a rational defense of the Christian faith is implied. For our purposes, we will define Christian apologetics as the attempt, in an attitude of humility and respect, to:

• Commend the truthfulness of our essential Christian beliefs to individuals and groups within our culture

• Defend the Christian faith from misconceptions, arguments, and objections that are raised by individuals and groups within our culture

It is important to point out that while practice of apologetics is directed toward those outside the Christian faith, it also has a function for those within the faith by helping to encourage understanding, confidence and hope in God.

This month’s studies will help us gain a better sense of the importance of knowing the truth in several areas, including: being a disciple of Jesus, developing more confidence in the truthfulness of essential Christian beliefs (Mere Christianity), and developing a biblical perspective on the place of apologetics for the Christian life and witness.

FELLOWS SESSIONS

89 C.S. Lewis Institute Fellows Program | Year One Handbook 2016-17 March | Commending the Faith – Cultural Apologetics

Commending the Faith – Cultural Apologetics

o Read and Reflect o Watch Acts 17:16-34; 1 Peter 3:15-16 “Is It Arrogant to Claim You Have ‘the Truth’?” by Andy Bannister - 3 minutes o Complete Bible Study (Acts 17:16-34) o Watch “Why Choose Jesus and not Buddha o Meditate and Memorize or Muhammad?” by Nathan Betts - 3 1 Peter 3:15-16 minutes o Read o Watch “C.S. Lewis on Faith and Reason” by Art “Hasn’t Science Buried God?” by Andy Lindsley - 3 pp. Bannister - 3 minutes o Read o Read Mere Apologetics: How to Help Seekers & “C.S. Lewis and How Christians Should Skeptics Find Faith by Alister E. McGrath - Think About Science” by Joseph A. 56 pp. (Ch. 1, 2, 4, 5) Kohm, Jr. - 2 pp. o Read o Watch Beyond Opinion: Living the Faith We “Isn’t Religion Just a Psychological Defend ed. by Ravi Zacharias - 132 pp. Crutch?” by Andy Bannister - 3 minutes (Intro, Ch. 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10) o Watch o Watch “How Can You Really Know What is “Postmodernism: Can You Really Know True?” by Nathan Betts - 3 minutes Anything?” by Art Lindsley - 50 minutes o Read o Read Tactics: A Game Plan for Discussing Your “C.S. Lewis on Postmodernism” by Art Christian Convictions by Greg Koukl - 24 Lindsley - 3 pp. pp. (Ch. 1-2) o Read o Complete Mere Christianity by C.S. Lewis - 19 pp. Issues to Ponder (Book 1) o Complete o Watch Action Assignment “Relativism: Can You Have Ethics Without God?” by Art Lindsley - 55 minutes o Read “Apologetics: Why Your Church Needs It” by John M. Njoroge - 7 pp.

C.S. Lewis Institute Fellows Program | Year One Handbook 2016-17 90 March | Commending the Faith – Cultural Apologetics

Commending the Faith – Cultural Apologetics o Write Response Paper o Monthly Mentor Meeting Response Paper o Monthly Triplet/Quad Meeting o Monthly Lecture & Discussion

Turn In o Completed Checklist Give a copy of the following o Bible Study items to your Mentor: o Response Paper

91 C.S. Lewis Institute Fellows Program | Year One Handbook 2016-17 March | Commending the Faith – Cultural Apologetics

BIBLE STUDY Commending the Faith – Cultural Apologetics

1 How does Luke describe the religious environment 6 According to Paul, why did God create us and in Athens (Acts 17:16)? Why do you think Paul was continue to sustain us day-by-day (vv. 27)? How so deeply upset by his encounter with the idolatry does knowing this about God’s intentions affect you? he saw in Athens? What does this show us about the How should it affect your priorities in relation to relationship of the heart and mind? other people?

2 Notice that Paul “reasoned in the synagogue with the 7 In verse 29 ff., Paul says that his hearers are Jews” (v. 17; see also 17:2; 18:4) and “argued” (v. accountable for the truths he has pointed out. In 18) with the Epicureans (materialists) and Stoics light of this knowledge, how does he say they ought (pantheists) in the marketplace every day. What does to respond (vs. 30)? In verse 31, Paul mentions the fact that Paul “reasoned” and “debated” with Jews another reason why they should respond in this way; and Gentiles in the synagogues and marketplace tell what does he say? Make a list of Paul’s points of us about the use of apologetics to commend and emphasis mentioned in Acts 17:16 – 34 when calling defend the Christian faith? non-believers to turn to Jesus.

3 What did the Epicurean and Stoic philosophers hear 8 What were the three responses people had to Paul’s Paul emphasizing as he spoke (v. 18-20)? What does message? How can we be encouraged in our attempts this say, if anything, about the focus of our message? at evangelism by reflecting on how people responded to Paul’s presentation of the Gospel? 4 Though he was provoked by their idolatry, Paul did seek to build a bridge to them by affirming some of the beliefs and practices of the Athenians (vv. 22 ff.). Besides pointing out that they “were very religious,” what other beliefs did he point out to them (vv. 22 ff.)? What does this tell us about the wisdom of establishing points of contact with people from other worldviews?

5 In vv. 24-31, Paul notes a number of important truths about God’s nature and our nature as human beings. Make a list of each of these.

C.S. Lewis Institute Fellows Program | Year One Handbook 2016-17 92 March | Commending the Faith – Cultural Apologetics

Issues to Ponder

1 What are the dominant worldviews in the 5 What is the most difficult/challenging United States today? question someone could ask you? Are you prepared to respond? 2 Where has your thinking been influenced by non-biblical worldviews? Ask God to reveal 6 Which questions/issues do you need to any blind spots. explore more deeply in order to strengthen your own faith? 3 Where has the church been influenced by non-biblical worldviews? 7 Is your faith being undermined and weakened by unresolved questions/issues? 4 Can you identify ways in which your worldview is influenced by postmodernism? 8 What role does apologetics play in your church? What role does apologetics play in discipleship?

Action Assignment

1 In your Apologetics Notebook, take notes on each of the assigned readings and create detailed but concise bullet-point outlines of the main ideas and arguments found in the assigned portions of Mere Christianity, Mere Apologetics, Questioning Evangelism and Tactics.

2 For this month’s triplet/quad meeting, watch a popular television show or recent movie and discuss it (preferably over dinner). Try to identify the dominant worldview(s) on which it is based by noting the values and assumptions of the plot and characters. Note both the good and the bad aspects. Is there an underlying message? If so, what is it? Is it biblical?

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Additional Recommended Resources

1 Article: “Only Way” by Daniel B. Clendenin 13 Book: The Challenge of Postmodernism ed. by David S. Dockery 2 Article: “The Riddle of Our Postmodern Culture” by David L. Goetz 14 Book: The Postmodern World: Discerning the Times and the Spirit of Our Age by Millard J. 3 Article: “Myth Matters” by Louis A. Markos Erickson 4 Article: “An Apologetic from Ecclesiastes: 15 Book: Truth or Consequences: The Promise & Does Anything Make Sense?” by Stuart Perils of Postmodernism by Millard J. Erickson McAllister Book: Naming the Elephant: Worldview as a 5 Article: “A World Split Apart” by Alexander 16 Solzhenitsyn Concept by James W. Sire

6 Article: “Crux of the Story” by Ravi 17 Book: Meaning at the Movies: Becoming a Zacharias Discerning Viewer by Grant Horner

7 Article: “Defending Christianity in a Secular 18 Book: True Truth: Defending Absolute Truth in a Culture” by Ravi Zacharias Relativistic World by Art Lindsley

8 Article: “How Wide the Divide: Sexuality at 19 Book: Worldview: The History of a Concept by the Forefront, Culture at the Crossroads” by David Naugle Ravi Zacharias 20 Book: Encountering Religious Pluralism: The 9 Book: Christ & Culture Revisited by D.A. Challenge to Christian Faith & Mission by Harold Carson Netland (Ch. 1, 3, 4, 6, 8)

10 Book: The Gagging of God: Christianity 21 Book: The Universe Next Door: A Basic Worldview Confronts Pluralism by D.A. Carson Catalog (5th Ed.) by James W. Sire

11 Book: On Guard: Defending Your Faith with 22 Book: Postmodern Times by G.E. Veith Reason and Precision by William Lane Craig 23 Book: Beyond Opinion: Living the Faith We 12 Book: Reasonable Faith: Christian Truth and Defend ed. by Ravi Zacharias (Ch. 3, 5) Apologetics by William Lane Craig 24 Audio: “CSLI Basic Apologetics Course” by Art Lindsley

C.S. Lewis Institute Fellows Program | Year One Handbook 2016-17 94 March | Commending the Faith – Cultural Apologetics

95 C.S. Lewis Institute Fellows Program | Year One Handbook 2016-17 April | Sharing the Faith – Conversational Apologetics

Sharing the Faith – Conversational Apologetics

“What we practice, not (save at rare intervals) what we preach, is usually our great contribution to the conversion of others.”

— C.S. Lewis • Letters of C.S. Lewis

C.S. Lewis Institute Fellows Program | Year One Handbook 2016-17 96 April | Sharing the Faith – Conversational Apologetics

Sharing the Faith – Conversational Apologetics Last month we saw that Christian apologetics involves both commending essential Christian beliefs and defending these beliefs from arguments and objections raised by individuals and groups within our culture. We also learned that in order for apologetics to be truly Christian, it must be carried out in an attitude of humility and respect. This month we will reinforce these critical points regarding Christian apologetics, while we suggest that the sort of interaction that is God-glorifying and productive often takes place within a conversational context. Therefore, all the skills and wisdom essential for constructive conversation are necessary (good listening, asking questions, cultural sensitivity, etc.).

FELLOWS SESSIONS

97 C.S. Lewis Institute Fellows Program | Year One Handbook 2016-17 April | Sharing the Faith – Conversational Apologetics

Sharing the Faith – Conversational Apologetics

o Read and Reflect o Watch 1 Peter 3:13-16; Colossians 4:2-6 “Argument from Agape: Can Love Lead You to Knowing Christ?” by Art Lindsley o Complete - 50 minutes Bible Study (1 Peter 3:13-16) o Watch o Meditate and Memorize “Truth and Love” by Michael Ramsden - 2 Colossians 4:5-6 minutes o Read o Watch “Conversational Apologetics” by Michael “Why Are Christians So Judgmental?” by Ramsden - 5 pp. Nathan Betts - 2 minutes o Listen o Watch “Being Salt & Light in a Secular World” by “Why Would a Loving God Send People to Michael Ramsden - 27 minutes Hell?” by Nathan Betts - 3 minutes o Watch o Complete “Answering Tough Questions” by Michael Issues to Ponder Ramsden - Listen to the first50 minutes o Complete o Read Action Assignment Questioning Evangelism: Engaging People’s Hearts the Way Jesus Did by Randy o Write Newman - 142 pp. (Ch. 2-9) Response Paper o Watch o Apologetics Workshop “Reason & Imagination: How Can You Bring Apologetics Notebook Communicate Your Faith Clearly?” by Art Lindsley - 56 minutes o Monthly Mentor Meeting Response Paper o Read Mere Apologetics: How to Help Seekers & o Monthly Triplet/Quad Meeting Skeptics Find Faith by Alister E. McGrath - 25 pp. (Ch. 8-9) o Monthly Lecture & Discussion o Read Tactics: A Game Plan for Discussing Your Christian Convictions by Greg Koukl - 147 pp. (Ch. 3-14)

C.S. Lewis Institute Fellows Program | Year One Handbook 2016-17 98 April | Sharing the Faith – Conversational Apologetics

Sharing the Faith – Conversational Apologetics

Turn In o Completed Checklist Give a copy of the following o Bible Study items to your Mentor: o Response Paper

99 C.S. Lewis Institute Fellows Program | Year One Handbook 2016-17 April | Sharing the Faith – Conversational Apologetics

BIBLE STUDY Sharing the Faith – Conversational Apologetics

1 The Apostle Peter addresses Christians living in 5 Earlier in the letter, Peter praises God for the “new Asia Minor (modern Turkey) as “strangers in this birth to a living hope through the resurrection of Jesus world” (1:1; 2:11), who are suffering for their faith Christ from the dead…” (1 Pet. 1:3). Do you have the in the Gospel (1:6; 2:13 ff.). In 1 Peter 3:13-14 living hope Peter describes here? How does having he challenges believers not to let fear silence their our hope anchored in the Gospel help us to have witness. Which fears are most likely to keep you confidence in the midst of suffering and in times from sharing your faith through words and actions when we are asked to give reasons for our faith in (fear of rejection, fear of failure, fear of the loss of Christ? relationship, fear of the loss of reputation, fear of Peter expects that these believers’ attitudes and looking foolish, fear of death, fear of suffering, etc.)? 6 responses are being shaped by the Gospel, so 2 Make a list of some of the places where the Gospels that they respond to people with answers that are and Acts highlight Peter’s struggles with fear and accompanied with “gentleness and respect” (3:15c). how his greater realization of the Lordship of Jesus What does this say about the relationship of actions, transformed him into a bold witness for Christ. Take attitudes, and words as they relate to our overall a few moments to stop and meditate on the greatness witness? What are some ways that we might respond and goodness of Christ that is displayed in one of to questions that would be inconsistent with our these texts. message?

3 Peter exhorts his readers to exchange fear and 7 In Chapter 3, verses 1-2 Peter refers to the positive intimidation for setting Christ apart as Lord in effect that our transformed lives can have on family their hearts (15a). How does remaining centered members who are outside the faith (3:1-2). How on Christ’s lordship overcome fears associated with have you seen positive attitudes and actions impact sharing the faith with others? those outside the faith?

4 In verse 15b we are encouraged to “always be prepared to give an answer to everyone who asks you to give a reason for the hope that you have” (15b). What can we do to be prepared to answer people when they ask us about our confident hope? How are you preparing for a time when you have the opportunity to share about your hope in Christ?

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Issues to Ponder

1 How can asking questions be more 5 What are some of the questions you’re most advantageous than giving a straight answer? likely to hear from the non-Christians in your life about the credibility of Christian 2 Are you comfortable asking questions rather faith? What must you do to develop good than just giving answers and telling what you responses? know? If not, why not? 6 How would you communicate the Gospel 3 Do you really believe that anyone who does most naturally, using your own words? not make Christ their Lord and Savior will suffer eternal separation from God? Are you 7 What steps do you need to take to share the ready to stand by this unpopular conviction? Gospel more effectively?

4 What does Ramsden mean by 8 What role does the imagination play in “conversational apologetics”? apologetics and evangelism? In what ways are you imaginative in sharing the Gospel?

Action Assignment

2 Develop one or two approaches to sharing the Gospel with which you’re comfortable, record them in your Apologetics Notebook and share/review them with your triplet/quad. Ask God to show you one person with whom to share the Gospel, whether it’s a stranger or someone you know. (Be sure to review and refine your testimony.)

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Additional Recommended Resources

1 Article: “Turning the Tables” by Os 13 Book: The Reason for God: Belief in an Age of Guinness Skepticism by Timothy Keller

2 Article: “Paving the Way for Gospel 14 Book: Mere Christianity by C.S. Lewis (Book 2, Conversations” by Randy Newman Ch. 1)

3 Article: “Tensions in Evangelism” by Randy 15 Book: Know Why You Believe by Paul E. Little Newman 16 Book: Apologetics for the 21st Century by Louis A. 4 Article: “Witnessing to Family is Like Markos Witnessing to Everyone Else…Only More So” by Randy Newman 17 Book: Mere Apologetics: How to Help Seekers & Skeptics Find Faith by Alister E. McGrath (Ch. 5 Article: “C.S. Lewis the Truth-Seeker: How 6-7) God Formed a Great Christian Apologist” by Joel S. Woodruff 18 Book: Mapping Apologetics: Comparing 6 Article: “I’m Smart, but I’m no C.S. Lewis: Contemporary Approaches by Brian K. Morley How Can I Intelligently Discuss My Faith Book: Worldview: A Little Primer on Humble with Others?” by Joel S. Woodruff 19 Apologetics by James W. Sire 7 Workbook: Conversational Apologetics by the C.S. Lewis Institute 20 Book: Why Good Arguments Often Fail by James W. Sire 8 Book: The Heart of Evangelism by Jerram Barrs - 278 pp. 21 Book: Humble Apologetics: Defending the Faith Today by John G. Stackhouse, Jr. 9 Book: True for You, But Not for Me: Deflating the Slogans That Leave Christians 22 Book: The Case for Christ by Lee Strobel Speechless by Paul Copan 23 Book: The Allure of Gentleness: Defending the 10 Book: Apologetics: A Justification of Christian Faith in the Manner of Jesus by Dallas Willard Belief by John Frame 24 Book: Beyond Opinion: Living the Faith We Defend ed. by Ravi Zacharias (Ch. 7, 9, 12) 11 Book: Conversational Evangelism: Connecting with People to Share Jesus by David Geisler & 25 Audio: “CSLI Basic Apologetics Course” by Art Norman Geisler Lindsley 12 Book: Fool’s Talk: Recovering the Art of Christian Persuasion by Os Guinness

C.S. Lewis Institute Fellows Program | Year One Handbook 2016-17 102 April | Sharing the Faith – Conversational Apologetics

103 C.S. Lewis Institute Fellows Program | Year One Handbook 2016-17 May | Our Mission – Making Disciples

Our Mission – Making Disciples

“It is so easy to think that the church has a lot of different objects – education, building, missions, holding services… The church exists for nothing else but to draw men into Christ, to make them little Christs.”

— C.S. Lewis • Mere Christianity

C.S. Lewis Institute Fellows Program | Year One Handbook 2016-17 104 May | Our Mission – Making Disciples

Our Mission – Making Disciples Our final session of the Fellows Program takes into account all that we have learned and experienced about living a God-glorifying, Christ-centered and Spirit-empowered life. We will think deeply and personally about how each person can cooperate with God in actively extending God’s kingdom by making more disciples of Christ. This will require us to pay close attention to the commission that Jesus gave His first disciples in Matthew 28:18-20. We will investigate such foundational questions as (1) What does Jesus command us to do? (2) How do we carry out his command? (3) What will it look like for me to joyfully embrace the mission of taking the good news to “Jerusalem, Judea, Samaria—and the ends of the earth?”

FELLOWS SESSIONS

105 C.S. Lewis Institute Fellows Program | Year One Handbook 2016-17 May | Our Mission – Making Disciples

Our Mission – Making Disciples

o Read and Reflect o Read Matthew 28:16-20; Acts 1:8, 2:1-47 “Spiritual Discipleship” by J. Oswald Sanders - 4 pp. o Complete Bible Study (Matthew 28:16-20) o Read “Are You a Christian or a Disciple? Is o Meditate and Memorize There a Difference? Why It Matters!” by Matthew 28:18-20 Thomas A. Tarrants, III - 5 pp. o Read o Read Mere Christianity by C.S. Lewis (Book 4, “A Summons to Covenantal Discipleship” Ch. 4) - 3 pp. by Jonathan M. Lunde - 8 pp. o Watch o Read “The Mission of the Church” by Joel S. “Discipleship: It Starts with You” by Karl Woodruff - 32 minutes Johnson - 4 pp. o Read o Watch “Learning to Make Disciples of Jesus: The “The Master Plan of Discipleship” by Calling of Every Believer” by Thomas A. Robert Coleman - 2 hours, 55 minutes Tarrants, III - 5 pp. o Watch o Read “The Conditions for Accelerated Growth” “Discipleship for Changing Times and by Greg Ogden - 11 minutes Ministries” by Michael J. Wilkins - 5 pp. o Read o Read The Weight of Glory by C.S. Lewis - 15 pp. Transforming Discipleship: Making Disciples (“The Weight of Glory”) a Few at a Time by Greg Ogden - 164 pp. o Read o Read “Discipleship Is a Team Sport: It Takes a “The Model: Becoming More Like Christ” Church to Make a Disciple” by Bill Kynes by John Stott - 3 pp. - 3 pp. o Read o Watch “The Transforming Impact of True “In Bright Shadow: C.S. Lewis on Discipleship” by Thomas A. Tarrants, III the Imagination for Theology and - 3 pp. Discipleship” by Kevin J. Vanhoozer - 56 minutes o Complete Issues to Ponder

C.S. Lewis Institute Fellows Program | Year One Handbook 2016-17 106 May | Our Mission – Making Disciples

Our Mission – Making Disciples o Complete Action Assignment o Write Response Paper o Apologetics Workshop Bring Apologetics Notebook o Monthly Mentor Meeting Response Paper o Monthly Triplet/Quad Meeting o Monthly Lecture & Discussion

Turn In o Completed Checklist Give a copy of the following o Bible Study items to your Mentor: o Response Paper o Disciple-making Plan (also give a copy of this item to your Fellows Program Director)

107 C.S. Lewis Institute Fellows Program | Year One Handbook 2016-17 May | Our Mission – Making Disciples

BIBLE STUDY Our Mission – Making Disciples

In the final three verses of Matthew’s Gospel, the risen Jesus focuses on His top priority: the expansion of God’s kingdom. All those who have entered into relationship with God through Jesus (referred to as “disciples of Jesus”) are called to help expand the kingdom by making more disciples.

1 Read Matt. 28:16-20. We are told that after seeing 6 The last step in making disciples is to teach them Jesus raised from the dead the disciples “worshipped “to observe all that I have commanded you” (v. 20). him” (Matt. 28:16). What do these statements say In other words, to teach them to understand and about those who claim that Jesus is just one among obey all that Jesus taught (which is found in the many other religious leaders? Gospels, but leads backward to the Old Testament and forward to rest of the New Testament). This is 2 Having received universal authority from the Father, obviously a lifelong venture. Which of the teaching- Jesus now launches a universal mission. His previous learning experiences that were part of the Fellows command to go only to the “lost sheep of the Program most impacted you (monthly topical house of Israel” (Matt. 10:6) is now expanded, and messages, audio messages, Bible studies, books, henceforth they are to “Go…and make disciples of all action items, group discussions, etc.)? How might nations.” What does this tell us about God’s concern you use what you have learned to teach others? for all the people who make up the nations of the world? 7 Recognizing that baptism focuses on the beginning of faith and teaching focuses on the process of maturing 3 The verb “make disciples” is in the imperative in faith, on which of these does your church put more mood and thus is a command. The manner in which emphasis? What are some problems that arise from this command is to be carried out is clarified by overemphasizing one over the other? three participles: going, baptizing and teaching. (In many translations, “going” is translated “go” 8 How is Jesus’ command to make disciples of all the for smoothness of expression.) What do you think nations presently impacting your life through the “going” entails, and what form might this take in your use of your time, talents, resources, influence and life and circumstances? relationships?

4 Included in “going” is the communication of a vital 9 As we go out to make disciples, Jesus promises that message about Jesus that brings people to faith and He will be with us always, every step of the way. We repentance, qualifying them for baptism. What is the learn from Luke’s writings (Lu. 24:49 and Acts 1:8) content of the message that we are to proclaim as we that Jesus’ spiritual power and presence are available invite people to become disciples of Jesus (see Lu. to us through the Holy Spirit. What can we do to 24:45-47; 1 Cor. 15:1-4)? How would you express remind ourselves that Jesus’ presence and power are this message to a non-believer in your own words? always available to us?

5 The next step in making disciples is “baptizing 10 Why was it critical for the first disciples of Jesus to them” (v. 19). What is the significance of baptizing experience the outpouring of the Holy Spirit before for making disciples of Jesus? Briefly explain your they launched out on Jesus’ mission? Why is it understanding of the rite of baptism. necessary for us to be empowered by the Holy Spirit as we seek to make disciples?

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Issues to Ponder

1 Why is the mission of the church important 4 Where has the Lord used you in the past to to Jesus? To the Church? To you, the disciple accomplish His mission to make disciples? of Jesus? 5 Where do you believe that God is calling you 2 Michael Wilkins says that discipleship today to make disciples? How is He calling incorporates everything the church does you to do this? and that it’s not just a single aspect of the church’s mission. Is making disciples a 6 What changes is God calling you to make to priority at your church, or is it just another align your life with His mission? ministry? What do you think distracts your 7 How can you encourage and contribute to church from the mission to make disciples? your church in making disciples? 3 What specific gifts has the Holy Spirit given 8 Are there any areas outside of the church to you to carry out Christ’s mission to make to which God is calling you to live out your disciples? discipleship?

Action Assignment

Pray and ask the Lord how you can begin to immediately obey His call to make disciples. Then, do two things:

1 Develop a written disciple-making plan using the SMART outline. (Note: this plan must be submitted to your Mentor and the Fellows Program Director in order to complete the Fellows Program.)

• Specific: Identify the tools, people and methods you will incorporate into disciple-making

• Measurable: Determine the number of people you will invite to speak, teach, disciple. At what cost?

• Attainable: Start small and increase as God guides you with clear goals.

• Relevant: Relate to the sphere of influence and people that God has given you at your work, home, neighborhood and/or church.

• Time Bound: Include short-term and long-term plans with dates and duration.

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Action Assignment

2 Meet with your pastor. Let your pastor know that you’ve almost completed the Fellows Program and discuss what you’ve learned. Ask if there might be ways for you to serve in the church. Discuss how your church might incorporate what you’ve learned about making disciples. Some resources you might consider include:

• Lead a small group or triplet/quad using the Institute’s Heart and Mind Discipleship ten-week study.

• Lead a small group or triplet/quad using the Institute’s Conversational Apologetics ten-week study.

• Lead a small group or triplet/quad using Discipleship Essentials by Greg Ogden.

• Introduce the Institute’s Aslan Academy to equip parents to disciple their children.

• Use the monthly Bible study questions from the Fellows Program in a small group, Sunday School class or in a mentoring scenario.

• Use various articles from the Fellows Program for a small group discussion or Sunday School class.

• Drawing from the Fellows Program assignments, start a book/ reading group in which you lead a discussion and introduce themes of discipleship.

• Using any combination of the above, start your own triplet/ quad.

• Invite your City Director to your church to conduct a discipleship workshop.

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Additional Recommended Resources

1 Article: “Desert Discipleship” by Mark 11 Book: Radical: Taking Back Your Faith from the Carter American Dream by David Platt

2 Article: “The Discipleship Deficit: Where 12 Book: Real-Life Discipleship: Building Churches Have All the Disciples Gone?” by Greg that Make Disciples by Jim Putnam Ogden 13 Book: Spiritual Discipleship: Principles of 3 Article: “Making Disciples Jesus’ Way: A Few Following Christ for Every Believer by J. Oswald at a Time” by Greg Ogden Sanders

4 Book: Mentoring for Spiritual Growth: 14 Book: The Message of the Sermon on the Mount by Sharing the Journey of Faith by Tony Horsfall John Stott

5 Book: Studies in the Sermon on the Mount by 15 Book: Following the Master: A Biblical Theology of D. Martyn Lloyd-Jones Discipleship by Michael J. Wilkins

6 Book: Patterns of Discipleship in the New 16 Book: In His Image: Reflecting Christ in Everyday Testament ed. by Richard Longenecker Life by Michael J. Wilkins

7 Book: Following Jesus, The Servant King: A 17 Book: The Great Omission: Reclaiming Jesus’s Biblical Theology of Covenantal Discipleship by Essential Teachings on Discipleship by Dallas Jonathan M. Lunde Willard

8 Book: The Trellis and the Vine: The Ministry 18 Audio: “Spiritual Mentoring: How to Help Mind-Shift that Changes Everything by Colin Others Grow in Their Relationship with Christ” Marshall and Tony Payne by Tom Schwanda

9 Book: Discipleship Essentials: A Guide to 19 Video: “Heart & Mind Discipleship” by the C.S. Building Your Life in Christ by Greg Ogden Lewis Institute

10 Book: Follow Me: A Call to Die. A Call to 20 Video: “Making Disciples Like Jesus Did” by Live. by David Platt Greg Ogden

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For Further Study – Classified Apologetics Bibliography

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Classified Apologetics Bibliography Robert M. Bowman Jr. | Executive Director, Institute for Religious Research This classified bibliography lists select books of relevance to the intellectual defense of the evangelical Christian faith. It lists books according to academic discipline and topics within each discipline. Except as noted, books reflect an explicit evangelical Christian perspective. Inclusion in this bibliography does not, however, imply agreement with that resource in every detail. Numerous additional books might be listed (and in fact I have dropped many to keep this to a manageable length); the intent here is to list just a few of the most helpful resources for each topic. Please feel free to offer recommendations to [email protected].

General Resources A. General Reference Works These resources cover a wide range of apologetic issues. Campbell-Jack, W. C., and Gavin McGrath, eds. New Dictionary of Christian Apologetics. C. Stephen Evans, consulting ed. Leicester, England, and Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity, 2006. International reference work with articles by numerous contributing scholars, covering a wide range of topics and thinkers. Includes about fifty pages of introductory articles on apologetics. Evans, C. Stephen. Pocket Dictionary of Apologetics and Philosophy of Religion. Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 2002. Useful reference with brief definitions and explanations of key terms and descriptions of the views of various thinkers. Geisler, Norman L. Baker Encyclopedia of Christian Apologetics. Baker Reference Library. Grand Rapids: Baker, 1999. The magnum opus of this renowned apologist, a reference work with helpful introductory articles on a plethora of relevant subjects and numerous important thinkers. Tends to be more conservative than the New Dictionary. If you’re serious about apologetics and you like Geisler’s approach, you should get this book rather than the abridged version, The Big Book of Christian Apologetics: An A to Z Guide (Baker, 2012).

B. Apologies An apology is a work of apologetics directed at least in part to nonbelievers, to persuade them to consider the Christian faith. This is a different sort of work than an introductory handbook or textbook on apologetics. Boa, Kenneth D., and Robert M. Bowman Jr. 20 Compelling Evidences that God Exists: Discover Why Believing in God Makes So Much Sense. Colorado Springs: Cook Communications—River Oak, 2002. Readable defense of the Christian faith, aimed at inquirers, focusing on evidences for God’s existence, the inspiration of the Bible, and the resurrection of Jesus Christ. Keller, Timothy. The Reason for God: Belief in an Age of Skepticism. New York: Penguin, 2008. New York City pastor’s literate defense of the Christian faith, perhaps the most widely read book of its kind published in this generation. Lewis, C. S. Mere Christianity. Rev. and enlarged ed. New York: Macmillan, 1960. Perhaps the most popular defense of Christian faith written in modern times.

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Limbaugh, David. Jesus on Trial: A Lawyer Affirms the Truth of the Gospel. Washington, DC: Regnery, 2014. Conservative columnist (and brother of famous Rush Limbaugh) offers a defense of the Christian faith covering a wider range of issues than the title might suggest, including the reliability and inspiration of the Bible, science and creation, and the problem of pain and suffering. Zacharias, Ravi. Has Christianity Failed You? Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2010. Justly popular (and prolific) apologist directly and sensitively responds to Americans who have become disillusioned with the Christian faith.

C. Introductions to Christian Apologetics These resources focus on introducing the perennial issues that come up in apologetics. Craig, William Lane. Reasonable Faith: Christian Truth and Apologetics. 3rd ed. Wheaton, IL: Crossway, 2008. Excellent academic textbook on apologetics. A Study Guide is also available. Groothuis, Douglas R. Christian Apologetics: A Comprehensive Case for Biblical Faith. Downers Grove, IL: IVP Academic, 2011. Perhaps the best one-volume apologetics textbook. House, H. Wayne, and Joseph M. Holden. Charts of Apologetics and Christian Evidences. Zondervan Charts. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2006. Charts in sections entitled apologetic methodologies, philosophical apologetics (mostly logic and epistemology), theistic apologetics, religious apologetics (on the meaning and origin of religion, and on world religions), biblical apologetics, and scientific apologetics. House, H. Wayne, and Dennis W. Jowers. Reasons for Our Hope: An Introduction to Christian Apologetics. Nashville: B&H, 2011. Textbook surveying apologetic methodologies, the history of apologetics, perennial apologetic problems, and the practical use of apologetics. The authors encourage an eclectic use of apologetic methods. McGrath, Alister E. Mere Apologetics: How to Help Seekers and Skeptics Find Faith. Grand Rapids: Baker Books, 2012. An introduction to the theory, content, and practice of apologetics. McGrath discusses the meaning and challenge of apologetics, theological and biblical foundations and examples, eight “clues” or “pointers” to faith, types of apologetic discourse (explanation, argument, story, image), and developing one’s own approach to apologetics. Samples, Kenneth Richard. Without a Doubt: Answering the 20 Toughest Faith Questions. Grand Rapids: Baker, 2004. Addresses such questions as the following: “How can I believe in a God I can’t see?” “How can Jesus Christ be both God and man?” “Don’t all religions lead to God?” “Doesn’t hypocrisy invalidate Christianity?” “Doesn’t Christianity promote intolerance?” “How can a good and all-powerful God allow evil?”

D. Collections of Essays on Apologetics Topics Beckwith, Francis J., William Lane Craig, and J. P. Moreland, eds. To Everyone an Answer: A Case for the Christian Worldview: Essays in Honor of Norman L. Geisler. Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 2004. Includes essays by top evangelical scholars on apologetics, God’s existence, miracles, the problem of evil, postmodernism, and more. Copan, Paul, and William Lane Craig, eds. Passionate Conviction: Contemporary Discourses on Christian Apologetics. Nashville: B&H, 2007. Excellent collection of essays on theistic arguments, the historical Jesus, other religions, and other issues. Dembski, William A., and Michael R. Licona, eds. Evidence for God: 50 Arguments for Faith from the Bible, History, Philosophy, and Science. Grand Rapids: Baker, 2010. As the title indicates, a wide-ranging collection of essays by notable scientists and scholars in their fields. Sweis, Khaldoun A., and Chad V. Meister, eds. Christian Apologetics: An Anthology of Primary Sources. Grand

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Rapids: Zondervan, 2012. This textbook presents 54 thematically arranged readings from authors throughout church history covering such topics as God’s existence, the Trinity, the Incarnation, the Bible, miracles, Jesus’ resurrection, the soul or mind, the problem of evil, and science. The many notable authors include Athanasius, Augustine, Anselm, Aquinas, Calvin, Descartes, Pascal, Locke, Paley, Lewis, Schaeffer, Geisler, Montgomery, Swinburne, Plantinga, Habermas, Craig, Moreland, Polkinghorne, Behe, and others.

E. Objections and Common Problems in Apologetics Copan, Paul. “How Do You Know You’re Not Wrong?” Responding to Objections that Leave Christians Speechless. Grand Rapids: Baker, 2005. Answers such common objections and slogans as the following: “Whatever works for you.” “Naturalism is a simpler explanation than theism.” “You can’t prove that scientifically.” “The soul is nothing more than the brain.” “Animals have rights just like people do.” Craig, William Lane. Hard Questions, Real Answers. Wheaton, IL: Crossway Books, 2003. Addresses questions about doubt, unanswered prayer, suffering and evil, abortion, homosexuality, and the exclusivity of Christ. Strobel, Lee. The Case for Faith: A Journalist Investigates the Toughest Objections to Christianity. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2000. Addresses the problems of suffering and evil, science and miracles, the Israelites’ “holy wars” against the Canaanites, the morality of eternal punishment in hell, the salvation of those who never heard the gospel, evolution and creation, and hypocrisy and violence in church history.

F. Responses to Atheism and Skepticism Copan, Paul, and William Lane Craig, eds. Contending with Christianity’s Critics: Answering New Atheists and Other Objectors. Nashville: B&H Academic, 2009. Essays on God, Jesus, and Christian doctrine by evangelical scholars. Craig, William Lane, and Chad Meister, eds. God Is Great, God Is Good: Why Believing in God Is Reasonable and Responsible. Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 2009. Excellent collection of essays by leading scholars (mostly but not all evangelicals). Gilson, Tom, and Carson Weitnauer, eds. True Reason: Confronting the Irrationality of the New Atheism. Grand Rapids: Kregel, 2013.

II. Apologetic Theory and Method A. Overviews/Multiple Views Boa, Kenneth D., and Robert M. Bowman, Jr. Faith Has Its Reasons: An Integrative Approach to Defending Christianity. Colorado Springs: NavPress, 2001. The only comprehensive and fair-minded introduction to all of the major contemporary approaches to apologetics. Cowan, Steven B., ed. Five Views on Apologetics. Counterpoint series. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2000. Popular work with contributions by five apologists, three of whom actually take very similar approaches.

B. Reason and Logic Geisler, Norman L., and Ronald M. Brooks. Come, Let Us Reason: An Introduction to Logical Thinking. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 1990. A Christian textbook on logic, written by Christian apologists. Moreland, J. P. Love God with All Your Mind: The Role of Reason in the Life of the Soul. Colorado Springs: NavPress, 2001. Why the Christian faith encourages the cultivation of critical thinking skills, and how Christians should go about doing just that.

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Poythress, Vern Sheridan. Logic: A God-Centered Approach to the Foundation of Western Thought. Wheaton, IL: Crossway, 2013. Both an academic textbook on logic and an argument for understanding logic as grounded in the nature of God as understood in Calvinist theology. Sire, James W. Why Good Arguments Often Fail: Making a More Persuasive Case for Christ. Downers Grove, Ill.: InterVarsity, 2006. Exposes common fallacies that often cloud reasoning, attitudes and spiritual problems (on both sides) that prevent good arguments from being well received; and suggests resources for developing effective arguments.

C. Practical Apologetics Brooks, Christopher W. Urban Apologetics: Why the Gospel Is Good News for the City. Grand Rapids: Kregel, 2014. On taking apologetics to the streets. Koukl, Gregory. Tactics: A Game Plan for Discussing Your Convictions. Foreword by Lee Strobel. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2009. McDowell, Sean, gen. ed. Apologetics for a New Generation: A Biblically and Culturally Relevant Approach to Talking about God. Eugene, OR: Harvest House, 2009. Essays arguing that apologetics is still needed but needs to be conversational and relational. Moreland, J. P., and Tim Muehlhoff. The God Conversation: Using Stories and Illustrations to Explain Your Faith. Foreword by Lee Strobel. Downers Grove, IL: IVP Books, 2007. Zacharias, Ravi, ed. Beyond Opinion: Living the Faith We Defend. Nashville: Thomas Nelson, 2007. Essays exploring apologetic challenges and issues.

D. Classical Apologetics Geisler, Norman L. Christian Apologetics. Grand Rapids: Baker, 1976; 2nd ed., 2013. After reviewing various approaches to religious knowledge and explaining his own view, Geisler presents a defense of the Christian faith in two steps: theism and the Christian revelation. The second edition includes three new chapters. Meister, Chad V. Building Belief: Constructing Faith from the Ground Up. Grand Rapids: Baker Books, 2006. Geisler-like method using an “apologetics pyramid” in which one builds a case for Christianity without presupposing anything, proceeding in the following order: establish that there is truth; consider competing worldviews in order to establish theism; show that the Bible is reliable; argue that Jesus rose from the dead; and conclude that the gospel is true.

E. Evidentialist Apologetics Dembski, William, and Thomas Schirrmacher, eds. Tough-Minded Christianity: Honoring the Legacy of John Warwick Montgomery. Nashville: B&H, 2008. Essays explicating and defending Montgomery’s evidentialist approach to apologetics and Christian thought covering worldviews, nature, doctrine, apologetics, and law, ethics, and society; with contributions by J. I. Packer, Gary Habermas, L. Russ Bush, Craig Hazen, John A. Bloom, Philip Johnson, I. Howard Marshall, Edwin M. Yamauchi, and others. Includes a bibliography of Montgomery’s works through 2008. Feinberg, John S. Can You Believe It’s True? Christian Apologetics in a Modern and Postmodern World. Wheaton, IL: Crossway, 2013. An impressive textbook on apologetics. The first and by far the longest part of the book argues that truth exists and that humans can attain knowledge of truth. The second part considers Reformed Epistemology, Van Til’s presuppositionalism, and various kinds of evidentialism (including what is here called classical apologetics),

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concluding in favor of a cumulative-case type of evidentialism. The third part examines the problem of evil, the reliability of the Gospels, the resurrection of Jesus, and religious pluralism. Montgomery, John Warwick. Faith Founded on Fact: Essays in Evidential Apologetics. Nashville: Thomas Nelson, 1978. Vigorous defense of a predominantly empirical (though not narrowly empiricist) approach to apologetics.

F. Reformed Apologetics Bahnsen, Greg L. Van Til’s Apologetic: Readings and Analysis. Phillipsburg, NJ: Presbyterian & Reformed, 1998. Bahnsen explains Cornelius Van Til’s “presuppositional” approach to apologetics better than Van Til ever could, placing extensive readings from Van Til in a systematic exposition of his thought. Plantinga, Alvin. Warranted Christian Belief. New York: Oxford University Press, 2000. Plantinga’s magnum opus, reviewing and refining his epistemology and setting forth in detail his defense of the rationality of Christian faith. (FHIR, 251-56, 289-90) A briefer version aimed at a wider readership, Knowledge and Christian Belief (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2015) is due out at the end of April 2015. Plantinga, Alvin, and Nicholas Wolterstorff, eds. Faith and Rationality: Reason and Belief in God. Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press, 1983. Stimulating, influential collection of essays that launched the “new Reformed epistemology” movement. Includes perhaps the most important of Plantinga’s essays, “Reason and Belief in God,” arguing that belief in God is “properly basic” (and addressing what Plantinga memorably calls the “Great Pumpkin objection”).

G. Fideism Evans, C. Stephen. Faith Beyond Reason: A Kierkegaardian Account. Reason & Religion. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1998. Paradigm-busting work that distinguishes between rational, responsible fideism and irrational fideism. Taylor, James E. Introducing Apologetics: Cultivating Christian Commitment. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2006. Taylor describes his position as “responsible fideism,” following C. Stephen Evans.

III. Biblical Studies A. General Resources on the Bible 1 Biblical Difficulties Archer, Gleason L. New International Encyclopedia of Bible Difficulties: Based on the NIV and the NASB. Zondervan’s Understand the Bible Reference Series. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2001 reprint. Renowned Old Testament scholar provides careful comments on difficulties arranged from Genesis to Revelation; the introduction setting forth a method for dealing with Bible difficulties is worth the price of the book. Geisler, Norman L., and Thomas Howe. The Big Book of Bible Difficulties: Clear and Concise Answers from Genesis to Revelation. Grand Rapids: Baker, 2008. Republication (with a few new entries) of When Critics Ask: A Popular Handbook on Bible Difficulties. Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1992. Same idea as Archer, but somewhat easier to read and slightly more conservative. Hoffmeier, James K., and Dennis R. Magary, eds. Do Historical Matters Matter to Faith? A Critical Appraisal of Modern and Postmodern Approaches to Scripture. Wheaton, Ill: Crossway, 2012. Excellent collection of essays addressing difficult historical and critical issues, engaging recent biblical scholarship.

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2 Biblical Interpretation These resources introduce basic principles for interpreting the Bible (hermeneutics), crucial for responding to questions about the Bible. Carson, D. A. Exegetical Fallacies. 2nd ed. Grand Rapids: Baker, 1996. Short but highly instructive textbook on avoiding all too common mistakes in biblical interpretation; especially helpful for those with some knowledge of Greek. Duvall, J. Scott, and J. Daniel Hays. Grasping God’s Word: A Hands-On Approach to Reading, Interpreting, and Applying the Bible. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2001. A nice, inductive introduction to biblical interpretation. Fee, Gordon D., and Douglas Stuart. How to Read the Bible for All Its Worth: A Guide to Understanding the Bible. 4th ed. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2014. How to interpret the different parts of the Bible, including Old Testament history, poetry, and prophecy, and the New Testament Gospels, Acts, epistles, and Revelation. Osborne, Grant R. The Hermeneutical Spiral: A Comprehensive Introduction to Biblical Interpretation. 2nd ed. Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 2006. One of the best evangelical, academic textbooks on hermeneutics.

3 Biblical History Bruce, F. F. Israel and the Nations: The History of Israel from the Exodus to the Fall of the Second Temple. Rev. by David F. Payne. Carlisle, U.K.: Paternoster, 1983; Downers Grove, Ill.: InterVarsity, 1998. This is the best book bridging the gap between the Old and New Testaments, presenting a narrative of the history of the Jews from the Exodus to the fall of Jerusalem in ad 70. Sheler, Jeffery L. Is the Bible True? How Modern Debates and Discoveries Affirm the Essence of the Scriptures. San Francisco: Harper; Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1999. While denying that the Bible is perfectly accurate in all respects, Sheler, a reporter for U.S. News & World Report, shows that the Bible is credible and historically reliable. Wegner, Paul D. The Journey from Texts to Translations: The Origin and Development of the Bible. Grand Rapids: Baker Books, 1999. An excellent, up-to-date, and readable textbook on the origin and reliability of the text and collection of books of the Bible.

4 Biblical Inerrancy Geisler, Norman L., ed. Inerrancy. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1979. Older essays defending the doctrine of biblical inerrancy. Merrick, J., and Stephen M. Garrett, gen. eds. Five Views on Biblical Inerrancy. Counterpoints: Bible and Theology. Stanley N. Gundry, series ed. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2013. Wenham, John W. Christ and the Bible. 3rd ed. Eugene: Wipf & Stock, 2009. Excellent defense of the evangelical view of the Bible grounded on the facts about Jesus Christ.

B. Old Testament Resources 1 Old Testament Studies These resources address questions across the canon of the Old Testament, especially with regards to the literary and historical origins of the Old Testament books and the formation and extent of the Old Testament canon. Archer, Gleason L., Jr. A Survey of Old Testament Introduction. Rev. and expanded ed. Chicago: Moody, 1994.

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Standard conservative textbook defending the traditional views of the origins of the OT books; includes chapters on the OT text and canon. Baker, David W., and Bill T. Arnold, eds. The Face of Old Testament Studies: A Survey of Contemporary Approaches. Grand Rapids: Baker; Leicester, England: InterVarsity Press—Apollos, 1999. Helpful survey of issues in Old Testament studies. Beckwith, Roger T. The Old Testament Canon of the New Testament Church and Its Background in Early Judaism. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1986. Scholarly treatment supporting the Protestant canon of the Old Testament. Copan, Paul. Is God a Moral Monster? Making Sense of the Old Testament God. Grand Rapids: Baker Books, 2011. Answers common criticisms of the Old Testament’s laws, wars against the Canaanites, and so on. Kitchen, K. A. On the Reliability of the Old Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2003. Magnum opus of an evangelical Old Testament and Egyptology scholar. Kitchen accepts the 13th-century date of the Exodus, which many evangelicals dispute. Longman, Tremper, III. Making Sense of the Old Testament: Three Crucial Questions. Grand Rapids: Baker, 1999. Discusses how to understand the Old Testament, whether the God of the Old Testament is the same as the God of the New Testament, and how Christians can apply the Old Testament today.

2 Pentateuch (Genesis—Deuteronomy) These resources address questions pertaining to the historicity and authenticity of the Pentateuch, especially questions about its literary and historical origins. Alexander, T. Desmond, and David W. Baker, eds. Dictionary of the Old Testament: Pentateuch. Downers Grove, Ill.: InterVarsity Press, 2003. Evangelical reference work with entries on a wide range of interpretive and historical issues. Garrett, Duane A. Rethinking Genesis: The Sources and Authorship of the First Book of the Pentateuch. Grand Rapids: Baker, 1991. Draws on contemporary literary theory to defend the unity and integrity of the Pentateuch over against the “documentary” hypotheses.

3 Genesis These resources address the interpretation of the early chapters of Genesis and their scientific and historical credibility (see also the Science section). Barrett, Matthew, and Ardel B. Caneday, eds. Four Views on the Historical Adam. Counterpoints. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2013. Christian scholars present and debate an evolutionary creation, archetypal creation, old-earth creation, and young-earth creation view of the question of Adam’s historical existence. Charles, J. Daryl, ed. Reading Genesis 1-2: An Evangelical Conversation. Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, 2013. Evangelical OT scholars present differing approaches to interpreting Genesis 1-2, including both young-earth and old-earth views, and engage with each other in a civil and informative manner. Hagopian, David G., ed. The Genesis Debate: Three Views on the Days of Creation. Mission Viejo: Crux Press, 2001. Evangelical defenses of the 24-hour view (J. Ligon Duncan III and David W. Hall), the day-age view (Hugh Ross and Gleason L. Archer), and the framework view (Lee Irons and Meredith G. Kline). The question is important in apologetics, whatever one’s viewpoint may be. Halton, Charles, ed. Genesis: History, Fiction, or Neither? Three Views on the Bible’s Earliest Chapters. Counterpoints. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2015. Three Old Testament scholars discuss how to understand the relationship of Genesis 1-11 to history.

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Schaeffer, Francis A. Genesis in Space and Time. Downers Grove, Ill.: InterVarsity, 1972. Also in The Complete Works of Francis A. Schaeffer: A Christian World View, Vol. 2: A Christian View of the Bible as Truth. Westchester: Crossway Books, 1982. A classic defense of the historicity of Genesis.

4 Exodus—Joshua These resources address the moral credibility of the Mosaic Law as well as the historical credibility of the accounts of the Israelites’ exodus from Egypt and their conquest of the land of Canaan.

a The Mosaic Law Bahnsen, Greg L., Walter C. Kaiser Jr., Douglas J. Moo, Wayne G. Strickland, and Willem A. VanGemeren. Five Views on Law and Gospel. Counterpoints. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1996. Reformed, dispensational, and Lutheran views on the Law and its relation to the gospel and the new covenant. Schreiner, Thomas R. 40 Questions about Christians and Biblical Law. Grand Rapids: Kregel, 2010. Competent survey of difficult and controversial questions by a highly respected evangelical New Testament scholar.

b The Exodus and the Conquest Copan, Paul, and Matthew Flanagan. Did God Really Command Genocide? Coming to Terms with the Justice of God. Grand Rapids: Baker, 2014. Groundbreaking if controversial study of the warfare against the Canaanites in the book of Joshua, arguing that the text actually reports their displacement rather than their extermination. Humphreys, Colin J. The Miracles of Exodus: A Scientist’s Discovery of the Extraordinary Natural Causes of the Biblical Stories. San Francisco: Harper, April 2003. Scientist offers explanations (most but not all of which are worth considering) for the Exodus miracles and evidence for the Exodus and Conquest as historical fact. Most evangelicals will not accept all of Humphreys’ conclusions, but the book provides a compelling argument for the accuracy of the biblical narrative. Rohl, David M. Pharaohs and Kings: A Biblical Quest. New York: Crown Publishers, 1995. Elsewhere entitled A Test of Time: The Bible from Myth to History. Detailed, scholarly defense of the biblical account of the Exodus, with numerous photographs, maps, charts. Schaeffer, Francis A. Joshua and the Flow of Biblical History. Introduction by Udo W. Middelmann. 2d ed. Wheaton, Ill.: Crossway Books, 2004. Follow-up to Schaeffer’s popular work on Genesis, this time putting such questions as God’s choice of Israel and the destruction of the Canaanites in historical, ethical, and theological perspective.

C. New Testament Resources 1 New Testament Studies These resources address questions across the canon of the New Testament, especially with regards to the literary and historical origins of the New Testament books and the formation and extent of the New Testament canon.

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Barnett, Paul. Is the New Testament Reliable? 2nd ed. Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity, 2004. Blomberg, Craig. Can We Still Believe the Bible? An Evangelical Engagement with Contemporary Questions. Grand Rapids: Brazos Press, 2014. Important book focusing on the New Testament; Blomberg defends the reliability and inerrancy of the Bible while issuing crucial warnings against oversimplistic conservative views. Köstenberger, Andreas, L. Scott Kellum, and Charles Quarles. The Cradle, the Cross, and the Crown: An Introduction to the New Testament. Nashville: B&H Academic, 2009. Perhaps the best evangelical New Testament introduction, addressing such issues as authorship, date, historical background, and cultural context of each book. Kruger, Michael J. The Question of Canon: Challenging the Status Quo in the New Testament Debate. Downers Grove, IL: IVP Academic, 2013. Excellent defense of the New Testament canon. Wallace, Daniel B., ed. Revisiting the Corruption of the New Testament: Manuscript, Patristic, and Apocryphal Evidence. Text and Canon of the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Kregel, 2011. Excellent, academic papers defending the reliability of the New Testament text. Witherington, Ben, III. New Testament History: A Narrative Account. Grand Rapids: Baker, 2003. Perhaps the best textbook on New Testament history, showing sensitivity to literary and theological aspects of the Gospels and Acts while defending their historical reliability.

2 The Gospels These resources address issues pertaining to the Gospels, including which Gospels belong in the canon, the literary origins of the Gospels, and the historical credibility of the Gospels. See the next section for resources focusing on Jesus as a historical figure (the two sections obviously overlap).

a The Canonical Gospels Bauckham, Richard A. Jesus and the Eyewitnesses: The Gospels as Eyewitness Testimony. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2006. Upends conventional critical scholarship at almost every turn, making groundbreaking use of such disciplines as onomastics (the study of names) and literary analysis to show that the Gospels are based on eyewitness testimony. Black, David Alan, and David Beck, eds. Rethinking the Synoptic Problem. Grand Rapids: Baker, 2001. Excellent introduction to the state of Synoptic criticism by top- drawer evangelical New Testament scholars (and one Catholic scholar) who offer different approaches to the subject. Blomberg, Craig L. The Historical Reliability of John’s Gospel: Issues & Commentary. Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity, 1998. After a careful overview of the issues and a refutation of the most common objections to treating the Gospel of John as a historical text, Blomberg provides a passage-by-passage commentary showing that its portrayal of Jesus is historically credible. Burridge, Richard A. What are the Gospels? A Comparison with Graeco-Roman Biography. 2nd ed. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans; Dearborn, MI: Dove Booksellers, 2004. Now classic work of scholarship demonstrating the biographical purpose of the NT Gospels. Green, Joel B., ed. Dictionary of Jesus and the Gospels. 2nd ed. Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 2013. Very valuable reference work.

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Stein, Robert H. Studying the Synoptic Gospels: Origin and Interpretation. 2d ed. Grand Rapids: Baker, 2001. First ed., The Synoptic Problem: An Introduction. Grand Rapids: Baker, 1987. An evangelical treatment that argues for the view held by most scholars that Mark was first and Matthew and Luke both borrowed from Mark. Demonstrates that Synoptic literary criticism does not threaten a high view of Scripture or of Jesus.

b The Noncanonical Gospels Bock, Darrell L. The Missing Gospels: Unearthing the Truth behind Alternative Christianities. Nashville: Nelson Books, 2006. New Testament scholar debunks the claim that equally valid interpretations of Jesus’ life and teachings were suppressed from the canon.

3 The Historical Jesus These resources address issues pertaining to the historical facts regarding Jesus, his existence, virgin birth, life, miracles, teachings, death, and resurrection.

a Christian Apologies Focused on Jesus McDowell, Josh, and Sean McDowell. More than a Carpenter. Rev. ed. Wheaton: Tyndale Momemtum, 2009. Short, evangelistically oriented presentation of the evidence for Jesus’ claims, death, and resurrection, updated with contributions by Josh’s son Sean. Strobel, Lee. The Case for Christ: A Journalist’s Personal Investigation of the Evidence for Jesus. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1998. A former legal editor of the Chicago Tribune, and former atheist, interviews top scholars (Craig Blomberg, Bruce Metzger, William Lane Craig, et. al.) on the Gospels, Jesus’ divine claims, and Jesus’ resurrection. Wallace, J. Warner. Cold-Case Christianity: A Homicide Detective Investigates the Claims of the Gospels. Colorado Springs: David C. Cook, 2013. A former atheist weaves stories from his own case files into a defense of the Gospel accounts of Jesus, discussing such evidential issues as circumstantial evidence, the reliability of witnesses, and the “chain of custody” in relation to the Gospels.

b Historical Jesus Studies Barnett, Paul W. Jesus and the Logic of History. New Studies in Biblical Theology. Downers Grove, Ill.: InterVarsity, 2001. Includes excurses on Josephus’s references to Jesus, whether the Gospels’ presentation of Pontius Pilate is historically reliable, the evidence for the resurrection of Jesus, and more. Evans, Craig A. Fabricating Jesus: How Modern Scholars Distort the Gospels. Downers Grove, Ill.: InterVarsity, 2006. A respected evangelical New Testament scholar dismantles revisionist scholarship regarding the historical Jesus. Komoszewski, J. Ed, M. James Sawyer, and Daniel B. Wallace, Reinventing Jesus: What The Da Vinci Code and Other Novel Speculations Don’t Tell You. Grand Rapids: Kregel, 2006. Refutes the claims that the New Testament texts were corrupted, that the New Testament canon excludes historically informative books about Jesus, that the belief in Jesus’ deity was a late development, and that the Christian account of Jesus’ life derives from pagan myths.

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c Extrabiblical Sources for Jesus Bruce, F. F. Jesus and Christian Origins outside the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1974. The subject has been addressed more recently, but this book remains the classic. Van Voorst, Robert E. Jesus outside the New Testament: An Introduction to the Ancient Evidence. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2000. Not a polemical or even overtly evangelical treatment, but a judicious assessment scholars of varying perspectives have endorsed. Skeptics who deny Jesus’ existence will have a hard time dismissing this book. d The Virgin Conception and Birth of Jesus Gromacki, Robert. The Virgin Birth: A Biblical Study of the Deity of Jesus Christ. Rev. and expanded ed. Minneapolis: Kregel, 2002. A historical and theological defense of the virgin birth of Christ. Maier, Paul L. In the Fullness of Time: A Historian Looks at Christmas, Easter, and the Early Church. Rev. and updated ed. Minneapolis: Kregel, 1998. The first 90 or so pages focuses on the biblical accounts of Jesus’ conception and birth from an historical perspective. e The Miracles of Jesus (See also the section on miracles under Philosophy.) Twelftree, Graham H. Jesus the Miracle Worker: A Historical & Theological Study. Downers Grove, Ill.: InterVarsity Press, 1999. Thorough defense of the historicity of the Gospel miracles. f The Resurrection of Jesus Copan, Paul, and Ronald Tacelli, eds. Jesus’ Resurrection: Fact or Figment? A Debate on the Resurection between William Lane Craig and Gerd Lüdemann. Downers Grove, Ill.: InterVarsity Press, 2000. Craig, William Lane, and John Dominic Crossan. Will the Real Jesus Please Stand Up? A Debate Between William Lane Craig and John Dominic Crossan. Moderated by William F. Buckley, Jr. Edited by Paul Copan. With responses from Robert J. Miller, Craig L. Blomberg, Marcus Borg, and Ben Witherington III. Grand Rapids: Baker, 1998. There have been several excellent published debates on the Resurrection; this might be the best. Habermas, Gary R., and Michael R. Licona. The Case for the Resurrection of Jesus. Grand Rapids: Kregel, 2004. The most “user-friendly” defense of the resurrection of Jesus (written as an apologetic manual for Christians); includes a CD with games to help learn the content of the book. Licona, Michael R. The Resurrection of Jesus: A New Historiographical Approach. Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 2010. Protégé of Gary Habermas advances the evidentialist “resurrection apologetic” by grounding it in a careful study of modern historiography. Wenham, John. Easter Enigma: Do the Resurrection Accounts Contradict One Another? 2d ed. Grand Rapids: Baker, 1993. Addresses all of the commonly alleged discrepancies.

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Wright, N. T. The Resurrection of the Son of God. Christian Origins and the Question of God 3. Minneapolis: Augsburg Fortress, 2003. Tour de force defense of the physical resurrection against liberal reinterpretation; Wright at his best.

4 Paul and the Early Church Paul is often criticized as the real founder of Christianity and as having distorted the “simple message” of Jesus. These resources address such criticisms and shed light on the life and teachings of Paul. Dodd, Brian J. The Problem with Paul. Downers Grove, Ill.: InterVarsity, 1996. Chapters discuss various popular criticisms of the apostle. Keener, Craig S. Acts: An Exegetical Commentary. 4 vols. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2012-2015. This massive commentary will almost certainly be the standard reference for many years to come. Evangelical scholarship at its best, drawing on the author’s extensive knowledge of both Jewish and Greco-Roman literature, engaging modern critical scholarship effectively, and demonstrating the historical reliability of Acts at every turn. Richards, E. Randolph. Paul and First-Century Letter Writing: Secretaries, Composition, and Collection. Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 2004. Important study explaining how modern theories denying the Pauline authorship of some of Paul’s epistles are based on false assumptions about letter writing in the first century. Witherington, Ben, III. The Paul Quest: The Renewed Search for the Jew of Tarsus. Downers Grove, Ill.: InterVarsity, 2001. One of the best textbooks on the “historical Paul.”

IV. Philosophy A. General Works on Philosophy These resources cover most of the subject matter of philosophy especially as it relates to apologetics-oriented concerns. Geisler, Norman L., and Paul D. Feinberg. Introduction to Philosophy: A Christian Perspective. Grand Rapids: Baker, 1980. Introductory textbook; more elementary than Moreland and Craig (below). Moreland, J. P., and William Lane Craig. Philosophical Foundations for a Christian Worldview. Downers Grove, Ill.: InterVarsity, 2003. Essentially a philosophy textbook for Christians; intended for serious beginning students at the college level.

B. Epistemology These resources provide Christian perspectives on epistemology, or the study of the meaning and validation of knowledge. (See also Boa and Bowman, Faith Has Its Reasons, listed under Section I.C.) Beckwith, Francis J., and Gregory Koukl. Relativism: Feet Firmly Planted in Mid-Air. Grand Rapids: Baker, 1998. Readable and thoughtful critique of relativism. Groothuis, Douglas. Truth Decay: Defending Christianity against the Challenges of Postmodernism. Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity, 2000. Trenchant critique of postmodernism by an evangelical apologist. Plantinga, Alvin J. Warranted Christian Belief. New York: Oxford University Press, 2000. The magnum opus of the philosopher who in the late twentieth century led the way in bringing Christian theism back into academic philosophy as a respectable worldview.

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Wood, W. Jay. Epistemology: Becoming Intellectually Virtuous. Contours of Christian Philosophy. Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity, 1998. An introduction to the subject from a Christian perspective.

C. Philosophy of Religion These resources address issues within the discipline known as philosophy of religion.

1 General Works on Philosophy of Religion Craig, William Lane, gen. ed. Philosophy of Religion: A Reader and Guide. New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press; Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2002. Collection of important essays and excerpts on religious epistemology, theistic arguments, the coherence of theism, the problem of evil, and other issues in philosophy of religion. Evans, C. Stephen. Pocket Dictionary of Apologetics and Philosophy of Religion. Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 2002. Helpful when you run into a term or concept for the first (or even the second) time; especially relevant for philosophy students. Geisler, Norman L., and Winfried Corduan. Philosophy of Religion. 2nd ed. Grand Rapids: Baker, 1988. Thorough treatment from an evangelical perspective of arguments for God’s existence, the nature of religious experience, the meaningfulness of religious language, and the problem of evil.

2 Arguments for God’s Existence Craig, William Lane, and Walter Sinnott-Armstrong. God? A Debate between a Christian and an Atheist. Point/ Counterpoint Series. James P. Sterba, series ed. New York: Oxford University Press, 2004. Classical apologist debates an atheist. Holder, Rodney D. God, the Multiverse, and Everything: Modern Cosmology and the Argument from Design. Aldershot, Hampshire, England, and Burlington, VT: Ashgate, 2004. Impressive defense of the argument for God’s existence from the fine-tuning of the universe, specifically refuting the alternate “many-worlds” explanation. Overman, Dean L. A Case for the Existence of God. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2009. Draws on philosophy and science to make the case along with nine powerful stories of human experiences (not all of them Christian) pointing to God’s existence. Reppert, Victor. C. S. Lewis’s Dangerous Idea: In Defense of the Argument from Reason. Downers Grove, IL: lnterVarsity, 2003. Exposition and defense of this important argument for God’s existence. See also the Symposium on the Argument from Reason (Reppert, et. al.), Philosophia Christi 5, 1 (2003): 9-89. Swinburne, Richard. Is There a God? New York: Oxford University Press, 1996. Introductory work by this renowned British evidentialist philosopher.

3 Problem of Evil Dembski, William A. The End of Christianity: Finding a Good God in an Evil World. Milton Keynes, UK: Paternoster; Nashville: B&H Academic, 2009. Stimulating, out-of-the-box study that seeks to integrate science and theology with regard to the problem of natural suffering. Feinberg, John S. The Many Faces of Evil: Theological Systems and the Problem of Evil. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1994. Theological textbook on this crucial subject.

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Geivett, R. Douglas. Evil and the Evidence for God: The Challenge of John Hick’s Theodicy. Afterword by John Hick. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1993. Argues that the evidences for God’s existence can outweigh the apparently contrary evidence from evil.

4 Miracles Beckwith, Francis J. David Hume’s Argument against Miracles: A Critical Analysis. Lanham, MD: University Press of America, 1989. One of the best critiques, by an evangelical philosopher. Collins, C. John. The God of Miracles: An Exegetical Examination of God’s Action in the World. Wheaton, IL: Crossway Books, 2000. Geivett, R. Douglas, and Gary R. Habermas, eds. In Defense of Miracles: A Comprehensive Case for God’s Action in History. Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity, 1997. Excellent essays. Goetz, Stewart, and Charles Taliaferro. Naturalism. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2008. Brief yet penetrating analysis and critique of naturalism, giving significant attention to Daniel Dennett, Jaegwon Kim, John Searle, and Ernest Sosa. Keener, Craig S. Miracles: The Credibility of the New Testament Accounts. 2 vols. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2011. Magisterial defense of the credibility of the New Testament miracle accounts, refuting Hume’s criticisms of belief in miracles. By surveying accounts of miracles throughout church history and around the world, Keener shows that Enlightenment skepticism is parochial or culturally myopic.

V. Religions and Religious Studies A. General Resources Hexham, Irving. Pocket Dictionary of New Religious Movements. Downers Grove, Ill.: InterVarsity, 2002. Useful A-to-Z reference work, focusing on religions emerging in modern times.

B. Non-Evangelical Christianity These resources critique movements that are still in some way part of orthodox, historic Christianity, yet from an evangelical perspective are seriously defective in theology and practice. (Note: Some evangelicals would take a “harder line” than the one reflected in these resources.) Bowman, Robert M. Jr. The Word-Faith Controversy: Understanding the Health and Wealth Gospel. Grand Rapids: Baker, 2001. A fair-minded biblical and theological critique of the “Word of Faith” movement (Kenneth Hagin, Kenneth Copeland, et. al.). Geisler, Norman L., and Ralph E. MacKenzie. Roman Catholics and Evangelicals: Agreements and Differences. Grand Rapids: Baker, 1995. Arguably the best evangelical discussion of the question of evangelical-Catholic relations.

C. Heretical Forms of Christianity These resources critique some of the most significant movements that profess to be Christian but that are clearly outside the framework of orthodox, historic Christianity. Beckwith, Francis J., Carl Mosser, and Paul Owen, eds. The New Mormon Challenge: Responding to the Latest Defenses of a Fast-Growing Movement. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2002. Essays by various evangelical scholars

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critiquing Mormon use of biblical and theological scholarship to defend the Mormon Church’s teachings. Bowman, Robert M., Jr. Jehovah’s Witnesses. Zondervan Guide to Cults and Religious Movements. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1995. Concise overview of the beliefs of Jehovah’s Witnesses, with biblical responses.

D. Other Religions 1 Judaism Copan, Paul, and Craig Evans, eds. Who Was Jesus? A Jewish-Christian Discussion. Atlanta: Westminster John Knox Press, 2000. Debate between evangelical scholar William Lane Craig and Jewish scholar Peter Zaas, with additional essays by Jewish and Christian scholars.

2 Islam Geisler, Norman L., and Abdul Saleeb. Answering Islam: The Crescent in Light of the Cross. Grand Rapids: Baker, 1993; updated and revised, 2002. One of the best apologetic treatises on Islam. Licona, Michael R. Paul Meets Muhammad: A Christian-Muslim Debate on the Resurrection. Grand Rapids: Baker, 2006. Evangelical scholar imagines what Paul the apostle and Muhammad might say in a debate on the Resurrection. Qureshi, Nabeel. Seeking Allah, Finding Jesus: A Devout Muslim Encounters Christianity. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2014. Terrific testimony of a former Muslim recounting the hard questions he asked and the solid answers he received before accepting Jesus Christ. Saal, William J., ed. Reaching Muslims for Christ. Chicago: Moody, 1991. Practical, insightful work, written by staff of Arab World Ministries.

3 Bahai Beckwith, Francis J. Bahá’í. Minneapolis: Bethany House, 1985. Short but very useful book giving an overview of Bahá’í and a biblical and theological critique.

4 Eastern Religions Yamamoto, J. Isamu. Buddhism, Taoism, and Other Far Eastern Religions. Zondervan Guide to Cults and Religious Movements. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1998. Concise overview of the beliefs of Jehovah’s Witnesses, with biblical responses. Yamamoto, J. Isamu. Hinduism, TM and Hare Krishna. Zondervan Guide to Cults and Religious Movements. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1998. Concise overview of the beliefs of Jehovah’s Witnesses, with biblical responses.

VI. Science Note: This section in particular lists works approaching the issues from sometimes very different perspectives; those interested in apologetics are urged to study these issues by reading widely and learning from those who have differing views.

A. Science and Christianity These resources cover a wide array of issues pertaining to Christianity and science, not limited to the subjects of creation and origins.

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Collins, C. John. Science & Faith: Friends or Foes? Wheaton: Crossway, 2003. Excellent survey of the issues. Drake, Stillman, trans. Discoveries and Opinions of Galileo. Garden City, NY: Doubleday—Anchor, 1957. Includes Galileo’s book The Starry Messenger and his Letter to the Grand Duchess Christina; the latter work is especially important in its treatment of the relation of science and theology. Christian apologists who fail to learn from the history of science-Bible controversies are likely doomed to repeat its mistakes. Numbers, Ronald L., ed. Galileo Goes to Jail: And Other Myths about Science and Religion. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2009. For the most part, an excellent collection of essays debunking conventional misunderstandings of the history of science, even if its treatment of the intelligent design movement is frustratingly negative. Pearcey, Nancy. Total Truth: Liberating Christianity from Its Cultural Captivity. Foreword by Phillip E. Johnson. Wheaton, Ill.: Good News Publishers—Crossway Books, 2004. Puts the controversy over Darwinism and modern science in apologetic and cultural perspective. Poythress, Vern S. Redeeming Science: A God-Centered Approach. Wheaton, IL: Crossway Books, 2006. Scholar with advanced degrees in both mathematics and New Testament examines both the biblical and scientific issues and concludes cautiously in favor of the intelligent design view.

B. Science and Creation These resources discuss the scientific issues of relevance to creation and the Bible.

1 Scientific Evidence for Creation Craig, William Lane, and J. P. Moreland, eds. The Blackwell Companion to Natural Theology. Malden, MA: Wiley- Blackwell, 2012. See especially the very long essays on the kalam cosmological argument (William Lane Craig and James D. Sinclair) and on the fine-tuning argument (Robin Collins). These essays are advanced, academic surveys that involve a fairly high degree of technical details. Lennox, John C. God’s Undertaker: Has Science Buried God? Updated ed. Lion Hudson, 2009. Oxford mathematician dismantles atheist appeals to science. Moreland, J. P., ed. The Creation Hypothesis: Scientific Evidence for an Intelligent Designer. Foreword by Phillip E. Johnson. Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1994. Excellent place to start for a variety of essays on the scientific evidence for God. Strobel, Lee. The Case for a Creator: A Journalist Investigates Scientific Evidence that Points toward God. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2005. Interviews with some of the leading Christian apologists defending belief in a Creator God using science.

2 Cosmology and Creation Copan, Paul, and William Lane Craig. Creation Out of Nothing: A Biblical, Philosophical, and Scientific Exploration. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic; Leicester: Apollos, 2004. Holder, Rodney D. Big Bang, Big God: A Universe Designed for Life? Foreword by John Polkinghorne. Oxford: Lion Books, 2013. A recent defense of the fine-tuning design argument. McGrath, Alister E. A Fine-Tuned Universe: The Quest for God in Science and Theology. The 2009 Gifford Lectures. Louisville, KY: Westminster John Knox Press, 2009. By a leading Christian scholar in the study of science and theology. Ross, Hugh. The Creator and the Cosmos: How the Greatest Scientific Discoveries of the Century Reveal God. 3d ed.

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Colorado Springs: NavPress, 2001. A Christian astronomer details the discoveries of the last decades of the twentieth century and explains how they support belief in the God of the Bible.

3 Origin of Life Collins, Francis S. The Language of God: A Scientists Presents Evidence for Belief. New York: Free Press, 2008. Leading genome research scientist and former atheist turned Christian defends belief in God (with frequent references to C. S. Lewis) as the Creator of life. Collins advocates “evolutionary creationism,” which is better known as theistic evolution. Meyer, Stephen C. Signature in the Cell: DNA and the Evidence for Intelligent Design. New York: HarperOne, 2009. The most sophisticated defense of intelligent design with regard to the origin of life. Rana, Fazale, and Hugh Ross. Origins of Life: Biblical and Evolutionary Models Face Off. Colorado Springs: NavPress, 2004. Argues that a biblical model of biological origins (reflecting an old-earth creationist perspective) explains the evidence better than an evolutionary model. Ward, Peter D., and Donald Brownlee. Rare Earth: Why Complex Life Is Uncommon in the Universe (New York: Copernicus—Springer-Verlag, 2000. While refusing even to consider the possibility of an infinite Creator, scientists Ward and Brownlee explain why it is highly unlikely that life of a complex kind (plants, animals, people) could have developed naturalistically elsewhere in the universe. (They suggest that we are on the one planet that happened to get lucky.) Useful as a prelude to discussing the positive evidences for a supernatural explanation of the origin of complex living things here.

4 Creation, Evolution, and Intelligent Design Fowler, Thomas B., and Daniel Kuebler. The Evolution Controversy: A Survey of Competing Theories. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2007. Perhaps unique in that the authors (both of whom are Christians) identify strengths and weaknesses in all of the current positions and suggest ways of testing those positions further. Meyer, Stephen C. Darwin’s Doubt: The Explosive Origin of Animal Life and the Case for Intelligent Design. New York: HarperOne, 2013. Terrific defense of appealing to creation to explain the origin not just of life but of animals with complex body parts, which appear suddenly in the fossil record in the Cambrian explosion. Moreland, J. P., ed. Three Views on Creation and Evolution. Counterpoints series. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1999. Essays defending young-earth creationism (Paul Nelson and John Mark Reynolds), old-earth or progressive creationism (Robert C. Newman), and theistic evolution (Howard J. Van Till), with responses from others. Rana, Fazale, and Hugh Ross. Who Was Adam? A Creation Model Approach to the Origin of Man. Colorado Springs: NavPress, 2005. Argues that a biblical creationist model explains the origin of the human species better than an evolutionary model. Stewart, Robert B., ed. Intelligent Design: William A. Dembski and Michael Ruse in Dialogue. Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 2007. Respondents include William Lane Craig, Francis J. Beckwith, Alister E. McGrath, J. P. Moreland, Nancey Murphy, John Polkinghorne, John C. Lennox, Wolfhart Pannenberg, and others.

5 Other Topics in Science Ross, Hugh, Kenneth R. Samples, and Mark Clark. Lights in the Sky and Little Green Men: A Rational Christian Look at UFOs and Extraterrestrials. Colorado Springs: NavPress, 2002. Argues that most UFO reports have natural or man-made explanations, but a very small percentage cannot—but also cannot be explained as visitors from other planets. Concludes that demonic deception best explains these remaining phenomena.

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VII. Cultural Apologetics Keener, Craig S., and Glenn Usry. Defending Black Faith: Answers to Tough Questions about African-American Christianity. Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity, 1997. Discusses such questions as whether Christianity is the white man’s religion, the relationship between Christianity and slavery, whether Christian doctrines originated in Africa, and how to respond to the Nation of Islam and militant orthodox Islam, as well as questions of much broader concern such as the truth of the Gospels and the accuracy of the Pentateuch. Mangalwadi, Vishal. The Book That Made Your World: How the Bible Created the Soul of Western Civilization. Nashville: Thomas Nelson, 2011. One of the best apologetics books of this century so far. The author is a Christian from India who was a social reformer there and who explains why the biblical worldview has been crucial to the development of human rights, literacy, science, and other beneficial values that Western society is in danger of losing as it turns away from Christianity. Schaeffer, Francis A. Francis A. Schaeffer Trilogy. Wheaton, IL: Crossway Books, 1990. The foundational trilogy of short books setting forth Schaeffer’s culturally sensitive, methodologically integrative apologetic: The God Who Is There (1968), Escape from Reason (1968), and He Is There and He Is Not Silent (1972). Schmidt, Alvin J. Under the Influence: How Christianity Transformed Civilization. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2001. The positive impact of Christianity in sexuality, health care, labor, education, science, politics, the abolition of slavery, the arts, and literature.

VIII. Appendix: 25 Classic Works of Apologetics This section lists in chronological order 25 classic works of apologetics from the second through the twentieth centuries, intentionally omitting works from the past 30+ years (which are more than amply covered in the rest of the bibliography). Five from the Ancient and Medieval Church 157 Justin Martyr, First Apology 248 Origen, Against Celsus 425 Augustine, The City of God 1078 Anselm of Canterbury, Proslogion 1273 Thomas Aquinas, Summa Theologica

Five from the Early Modern Era 1536 John Calvin, Institutes of the Christian Religion, first edition 1627 Hugo Grotius, De veritate religionis Christianae 1669 Blaise Pascal, Pensées 1695 John Locke, The Reasonableness of Christianity: As Delivered in the Scriptures 1736 Joseph Butler, Analogy of Religion, Natural and Revealed, in the Course and Constitution of Nature

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Five from the Nineteenth Century 1802 William Paley, Natural Theology, or Evidences of the Existence and Attributes of the Deity 1846 Søren Kierkegaard, Concluding Unscientific Postscript to Philosophical Fragments 1878 Simon Greenleaf, The Testimony of the Evangelists 1892 Alexander B. Bruce, Apologetics; or, Christianity Defensively Stated 1897 James Orr, The Christian View of God and the World

Ten from the Twentieth Century 1925 G. K. Chesterton, The Everlasting Man 1936 Karl Barth, Church Dogmatics 1/1 1944 C. S. Lewis, Mere Christianity (1942-44; rev. 1960) 1948 Edward John Carnell, An Introduction to Christian Apologetics 1952 Gordon H. Clark, A Christian View of Men and Things 1955 Cornelius Van Til, Defense of the Faith 1971 John Warwick Montgomery, History and Christianity 1972 Francis Schaeffer’s trilogy, The God Who Is There (1968), Escape from Reason (1968), and He Is There and He Is Not Silent (1972) 1979 Richard Swinburne, The Existence of God 1983 Alvin Plantinga and Nicholas Wolterstorff, eds., Faith and Rationality: Reason and Belief in God

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