DOCSLIB.ORG

Diptera: Tephritidae): New Species, Phylogeny, and Justifications

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

SYSTEMATICS OF THE GENUS RHAGOLETIS (DIPTERA: TEPHRITIDAE): NEW SPECIES, PHYLOGENY, AND JUSTIFICATIONS By Daniel Lloyd Hulbert A DISSERTATION Submitted to Michigan State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Entomology—Doctor of Philosophy 2018 ABSTRACT SYSTEMATICS OF THE GENUS RHAGOLETIS (DIPTERA: TEPHRITIDAE): NEW SPECIES, PHYLOGENY, AND JUSTIFICATIONS By Daniel Lloyd Hulbert Flies of Rhagoletis (Diptera: Tephritidae) are economically important fruit pests (infesting specialty fruit crops including apples, blueberries and cherries), which also serve as models for studying modes of speciation and coevolutionary relationships with their hymenopteran parasitoids. There are new species within the genus which have not been previously formally described. One of these species is within the tabellaria species group. I describe the morphology of Rhagoletis bushi Hulbert & Smith, its geographic distribution, host association, phylogenetic relationships, and identify an associated species of parasitoid wasp. The new species infests the fruit of buffaloberry (Shepherdia argentea) in the Northern Great Plains of North America. There is a suite of morphological characters, and a unique host plant association, that are diagnostic of R. bushi. Further evidence for the validity of R. bushi and its placement within the tabellaria species group comes from DNA sequence data from multiple genetic loci. The phylogenetic relationships among Rhagoletis species groups remain unresolved despite analyses based on morphology, allozymes, and mitochondrial DNA. Most Nearctic Rhagoletis belong to one of five species groups (pomonella, tabellaria, cingulata, suavis, and ribicola groups), with two unplaced species (R. fausta and R. juniperina), all of which appear to be part of a larger monophyletic group that also includes some Palearctic taxa. Regarding the overall phylogeny of the genus, my goals were to 1) resolve phylogenetic relationships using mitochondrial (COI) and nuclear (28S, CAD, period, AATS) DNA sequences, and 2) to identify the monophyletic group containing these Nearctic species. Using Bayesian analysis of a combined dataset with 4399 aligned nucleotides, I inferred a well-supported monophyletic group containing the five Nearctic Rhagoletis species groups, plus R. fausta, R. juniperina, and two Palearctic species: R. batava and R. flavigenualis. Within this larger monophyletic assemblage, the five Nearctic species groups together are monophyletic as are four of the five individual species groups (not ribicola). Palearctic and Neotropical Rhagoletis were resolved into well- supported clades of taxa often sharing closely related host plants. A well-resolved phylogeny of Rhagoletis is a valuable tool for future work addressing questions pertaining to how history, geography and ecology have shaped the phylogenetic patterns we observe in the genus. It is often claimed that systematic biology is fundamental to all other areas of biology. I critically evaluate the acceptance of this claim by entomologists critically as it relates to the field of entomology. I also critically describe the justification and valuations for systematic biology using the framework of Boltanski and Thévenot’s realms of worth and the philosophical framework for justification using virtues, desserts and outcomes. In order to accomplish these purposes, I critically analyze and review relevant entomological literature and interview practitioners of entomology and insect systematic biology. I find justification for systematic biology overwhelming takes the form of appeals to utilitarianism (both internally and externally focused) and are most relevant in the Industrial World. Additionally, some justifications given also pertain to the Civic World and to virtue. Evaluation of justification in systematic biology is important, especially as our globe becomes increasingly ecologically and politically unstable. Dedicated to Jean Hulbert. iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to acknowledge the C. S. Mott Predoctoral Fellowship in Sustainable Agriculture for funding a portion of my program. Thank you to Lyman Briggs College for providing consistent teaching assistant opportunities to help pay my stipend. I would also like to acknowledge the Michigan State University Dissertation Completion Fellowship for funding my final semester. I would like to thank our colleagues who assisted in insect collections including Amanda E. Nelson, Bernhard Merz, Dorie Bush, Daniel Frias, Guy Bush, Jorge Graziano, John Jenkins, J. P. Luz, James Smith, Martín Aluja, Meredith Doellman, Megan Frayer, Parita Shah, Rufus Isaacs, R. Pavia, Stewart Berlocher, Thomas Hoffmeister, Valery Korneyev, Wee Yee, Yue Ming, Peter Rausse and Scott Beck. I would like to thank Sydney Barosko, Morgan Potter, and Mitch Katkic for their help in the laboratory. Thank you to Severyn Korneyev for his taxonomic and morphological expertise. Thank you to my advisor, James J. Smith, for giving me the initial opportunity, and for his assistance and mentorship over the years of my program. I would like to thank the other members of my committee, Anthony Cognato, Ronald Debry, and Craig Harris for their guidance. Finally, I would like to thank all of the friends and family members who have supported me throughout the years of my program. Especially my parents, Nancy Scheer and Thomas Hulbert who, in so many ways, have supported me. v PREFACE My dissertation is likely somewhat unconventional when compared to others in entomology PhD programs and I would like to give an explanation before the main document. This dissertation has two chapters that would be considered typical entomology research where I detail my research on the systematics of the Rhagoletis (Diptera: Tephritidae). However, the third chapter addresses sociology of entomology and systematic biology. In that third chapter, I investigate and discuss the social dimensions of systematic biology. Why is that sociology chapter present in an otherwise conventional entomological dissertation of insect systematics? Early in my PhD program, I applied for and received the C. S. Mott Predoctoral Fellowship in Sustainable Agriculture. Part of the requirements of the fellowship included my participation in the Graduate Specialization in Ecological Food and Farming Systems (EFFS). The EFFS specialization “fosters understanding of interdisciplinary concepts critical to sustainable agriculture and food systems.” Functionally, the EFFS specialization is designed to give bio/geo/chemical scientists a stronger and formal background in the social sciences and vice versa. In fulfillment of my participation in the EFFS specialization, I have worked on a research project investigating the social justifications for systematic biologists given by entomologists. It may initially seem that the three major chapters of my dissertation make strange neighbors however, as I elaborate in chapter three, I believe considerations of justification and social context are very important things for natural scientists to include in their work. Additionally, the chapter of this dissertation titled “Description of a new species…” has already been published in the journal Insect Systematics and Diversity (Hulbert et al. 2018). As such, the chapter is not technically the nomenclatural act for the new species, although it does vi contain a description of it. To address this, the “Nomenclature” section of the chapter has been altered relative to the published work to reflect the fact that the present dissertation does not contain any official nomenclatural acts. Also, I have removed all instances of the text “n. sp.” from the chapter. I believe these actions I have taken are sufficient to avoid any taxonomic confusion and blunders, but my purpose of including these details in the dissertation overview is to make my actions and intensions explicit. vii TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................................................ x LIST OF FIGURES .................................................................................................................... xii INTRODUCTION......................................................................................................................... 1 Why study systematics? ............................................................................................................ 1 Systematics defined ................................................................................................................. 1 Justification ............................................................................................................................. 2 Introduction to Rhagoletis ........................................................................................................ 4 Diversity of small organisms .................................................................................................. 4 Overview of the genus ............................................................................................................. 5 Previous phylogenetic analyses .............................................................................................. 7 Dissertation overview................................................................................................................ 9 CHAPTER 1: DESCRIPTION OF A NEW RHAGOLETIS (DIPTERA: TEPHRITIDAE) SPECIES IN THE TABELLARIA SPECIES GROUP ...........................................................
Recommended publications
  • Context-Dependence and the Development of Push-Pull Approaches for Integrated Management of Drosophila Suzukii

    Context-Dependence and the Development of Push-Pull Approaches for Integrated Management of Drosophila Suzukii

    insects Review Context-Dependence and the Development of Push-Pull Approaches for Integrated Management of Drosophila suzukii 1 1, , 2, , Jeroen T. Alkema , Marcel Dicke * y and Bregje Wertheim * y 1 Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 16, 6700AA Wageningen, The Netherlands; [email protected] 2 Groningen Institute of Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 11103, 9700 CC Groningen, The Netherlands * Correspondence: [email protected] (M.D.); [email protected] (B.W.) Shared senior authors and corresponding authors. y Received: 13 November 2019; Accepted: 10 December 2019; Published: 15 December 2019 Abstract: Sustainable pest control requires a systems approach, based on a thorough ecological understanding of an agro-ecosystem. Such fundamental understanding provides a basis for developing strategies to manipulate the pest’s behaviour, distribution, and population dynamics, to be employed for crop protection. This review focuses on the fundamental knowledge required for the development of an effective push-pull approach. Push-pull is a strategy to repel a pest from a crop, while attracting it toward an external location. It often relies on infochemicals (e.g., pheromones or allelochemicals) that are relevant in the ecology of the pest insect and can be exploited as lure or repellent. Importantly, responsiveness of insects to infochemicals is dependent on both the insect’s internal physiological state and external environmental conditions. This context-dependency reflects the integration of cues from different sensory modalities, the effect of mating and/or feeding status, as well as diurnal or seasonal rhythms. Furthermore, when the costs of responding to an infochemical outweigh the benefits, resistance can rapidly evolve.
  • EGTOP Annex II Draft/Final Report

    EGTOP Annex II Draft/Final Report

    EGTOP/2016 EUROPEAN COMMISSION DIRECTORATE-GENERAL FOR AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT Directorate B. Multilateral relations, quality policy B.4. Organics Expert Group for Technical Advice on Organic Production EGTOP FINAL REPORT ON PLANT PROTECTION (III) The EGTOP adopted this technical advice at the 13th plenary meeting of 9 – 10 June 2016 and submitted the final version on 26 October 2016 EGTOP/2016 Plant Protection (III) __________________________________________________________________________________ About the setting up of an independent expert panel for technical advice With the Communication from the Commission to the Council and to the European Parliament on a European action plan for organic food and farming adopted in June 2004, the Commission intended to assess the situation and to lay down the basis for policy development, thereby providing an overall strategic vision for the contribution of organic farming to the common agricultural policy. In particular, the European action plan for organic food and farming recommends, in action 11, establishing an independent expert panel for technical advice. The Commission may need technical advice to decide on the authorisation of the use of products, substances and techniques in organic farming and processing, to develop or improve organic production rules and, more in general, for any other matter relating to the area of organic production. By Commission Decision 2009/427/EC of 3 June 2009, the Commission set up the Expert Group for Technical Advice on Organic Production. EGTOP The Group shall provide technical advice on any matter relating to the area of organic production and in particular it must assist the Commission in evaluating products, substances and techniques which can be used in organic production, improving existing rules and developing new production rules and in bringing about an exchange of experience and good practices in the field of organic production.
  • Modification of Insect and Arachnid Behaviours by Vertically Transmitted Endosymbionts: Infections As Drivers of Behavioural Change and Evolutionary Novelty

    Modification of Insect and Arachnid Behaviours by Vertically Transmitted Endosymbionts: Infections As Drivers of Behavioural Change and Evolutionary Novelty

    Insects 2012, 3, 246-261; doi:10.3390/insects3010246 OPEN ACCESS insects ISSN 2075-4450 www.mdpi.com/journal/insects/ Review Modification of Insect and Arachnid Behaviours by Vertically Transmitted Endosymbionts: Infections as Drivers of Behavioural Change and Evolutionary Novelty Sara L. Goodacre 1,* and Oliver Y. Martin 2 1 School of Biology, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK 2 ETH Zurich, Experimental Ecology, Institute for Integrative Biology, Universitätsstrasse 16, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland; E-Mail: [email protected] * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +44-115-8230334. Received: 29 January 2012; in revised form: 17 February 2012 / Accepted: 21 February 2012 / Published: 29 February 2012 Abstract: Vertically acquired, endosymbiotic bacteria such as those belonging to the Rickettsiales and the Mollicutes are known to influence the biology of their arthropod hosts in order to favour their own transmission. In this study we investigate the influence of such reproductive parasites on the behavior of their insects and arachnid hosts. We find that changes in host behavior that are associated with endosymbiont infections are not restricted to characteristics that are directly associated with reproduction. Other behavioural traits, such as those involved in intraspecific competition or in dispersal may also be affected. Such behavioural shifts are expected to influence the level of intraspecific variation and the rate at which adaptation can occur through their effects on effective population size and gene flow amongst populations. Symbionts may thus influence both levels of polymorphism within species and the rate at which diversification can occur.
  • Fitness Benefits of the Fruit Fly Rhagoletis Alternata on a Non-Native Rose Host Meijer, Kim; Smit, Christian; Schilthuizen, Menno; Beukeboom, Leo W

    Fitness Benefits of the Fruit Fly Rhagoletis Alternata on a Non-Native Rose Host Meijer, Kim; Smit, Christian; Schilthuizen, Menno; Beukeboom, Leo W

    University of Groningen Fitness benefits of the fruit fly Rhagoletis alternata on a non-native rose host Meijer, Kim; Smit, Christian; Schilthuizen, Menno; Beukeboom, Leo W. Published in: Oecologia DOI: 10.1007/s00442-015-3524-y IMPORTANT NOTE: You are advised to consult the publisher's version (publisher's PDF) if you wish to cite from it. Please check the document version below. Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Publication date: 2016 Link to publication in University of Groningen/UMCG research database Citation for published version (APA): Meijer, K., Smit, C., Schilthuizen, M., & Beukeboom, L. W. (2016). Fitness benefits of the fruit fly Rhagoletis alternata on a non-native rose host. Oecologia, 181(1), 185-192. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-015-3524- y Copyright Other than for strictly personal use, it is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). The publication may also be distributed here under the terms of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act, indicated by the “Taverne” license. More information can be found on the University of Groningen website: https://www.rug.nl/library/open-access/self-archiving-pure/taverne- amendment. Take-down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Downloaded from the University of Groningen/UMCG research database (Pure): http://www.rug.nl/research/portal.
  • Wolbachia-Mitochondrial DNA Associations in Transitional Populations of Rhagoletis Cerasi

    Wolbachia-Mitochondrial DNA Associations in Transitional Populations of Rhagoletis Cerasi

    insects Communication Wolbachia-Mitochondrial DNA Associations in Transitional Populations of Rhagoletis cerasi 1, , 1 1, 2, Vid Bakovic * y , Martin Schebeck , Christian Stauffer z and Hannes Schuler z 1 Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, BOKU, Peter-Jordan-Strasse 82/I, A-1190 Vienna, Austria; [email protected] (M.S.); christian.stauff[email protected] (C.S.) 2 Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Universitätsplatz 5, I-39100 Bozen-Bolzano, Italy; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +43-660-7426-398 Current address: Department of Biology, IFM, University of Linkoping, Olaus Magnus Vag, y 583 30 Linkoping, Sweden. Equally contributing senior authors. z Received: 29 August 2020; Accepted: 3 October 2020; Published: 5 October 2020 Simple Summary: Wolbachia is an endosymbiotic bacterium that infects numerous insects and crustaceans. Its ability to alter the reproduction of hosts results in incompatibilities of differentially infected individuals. Therefore, Wolbachia has been applied to suppress agricultural and medical insect pests. The European cherry fruit fly, Rhagoletis cerasi, is mainly distributed throughout Europe and Western Asia, and is infected with at least five different Wolbachia strains. The strain wCer2 causes incompatibilities between infected males and uninfected females, making it a potential candidate to control R. cerasi. Thus, the prediction of its spread is of practical importance. Like mitochondria, Wolbachia is inherited from mother to offspring, causing associations between mitochondrial DNA and endosymbiont infection. Misassociations, however, can be the result of imperfect maternal transmission, the loss of Wolbachia, or its horizontal transmission from infected to uninfected individuals.
  • (Lefèbvre, 1832) (Lepidoptera: Erebidae, Arctiinae, Syntomini) 82-84 82 Nachr

    (Lefèbvre, 1832) (Lepidoptera: Erebidae, Arctiinae, Syntomini) 82-84 82 Nachr

    ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Nachrichten des Entomologischen Vereins Apollo Jahr/Year: 2016 Band/Volume: 37 Autor(en)/Author(s): De Freina Josef J., de Prins Willy, de Prins Jurate Artikel/Article: On the nomenclature of Amata kuhlweinii (Lefèbvre, 1832) (Lepidoptera: Erebidae, Arctiinae, Syntomini) 82-84 82 Nachr. entomol. Ver. Apollo, N. F. 37 (2/3): 82–84 (2016) On the nomenclature of Amata kuhlweinii (Lefèbvre, 1832) (Lepidoptera: Erebidae, Arctiinae, Syntomini) Josef J. de Freina, Willy De Prins and Jurate De Prins Josef J. de Freina, Eduard­Schmid­Strasse 10, D­81541 München, Germany; [email protected] Willy De Prins, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Vautierstraat 29, B­1000 Brussels, Belgium; [email protected] Jurate De Prins, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Vautierstraat 29, B­1000 Brussels, Belgium; [email protected] Abstract: The entomological literature contains numerous „Syntomis kuhlweinii“. — Butler (1877: 16; pl. 6, fig. 17). — A in consistent spellings of the syntomine Amata kuhlweinii justified emendation. (Le fèbvre, 1832). Literature studies show that the correct ‡„Syntomis khulweinii, Lefèbv.“. — Distant (1892: 236). — An spel ling should read as previously cited in the headline. The incorrect subsequent spelling. date of pub li ca tion should be quoted correctly as 1832. „Z[ygaena] Kuhlweinii, Lef.“. — Kirby (1892: 94). — A correct subsequent spelling. Anmerkungen zur Nomenklatur von Amata kuhlweinii ‡„Syntomis kuhlweini Lefèbvre, 1831“. — Hampson (1898: (Lefèbvre, 1832) (Lepidoptera: Erebidae, Arctiinae, 82). — An incorrect subsequent spelling. Syntomini) „Syntomis Kuhlweinii“. — Barrett (1901: 193). — A correct Zusammenfassung: In der Literatur finden sich zahlreiche subsequent spelling.
  • Diptera) of the Czech Republic

    Diptera) of the Czech Republic

    © Entomologica Fennica. 30 March 2009 Annotated host catalogue for the Tachinidae (Diptera) of the Czech Republic Jaromir Vafihara*, Hans-Peter Tschorsnig, Benno Herting’r, Petr Mfickstein & Veronika Michalkova J P. & V. Vanhara, ., Tschorsnig, H.-P., Herting, B., Miickstein, Michalkova, 2009: Annotated host catalogue for the Tachinidae (Diptera) of the Czech Re- public. — Entomol. Fennica 20: 22—48. An annotated host catalogue is given for the Tachinidae ofthe Czech Republic. It comprises 149 of476 tachinid species which are currently known from this coun- try (included the two new records cited below). 195 hosts are listed. The first host records ofTachinidae date back to the second halfofthe 19th century. The bibli- ography for the host records consists of 1 16 papers of 55 researchers. Several re- cords of hitherto unpublished material are included. Phryxe setifacies and Anthomyiopsis plagioderae are first records for the Czech Republic. J. Vanhara (*corresponding author), Masaryk University, Faculty ofScience, Kotlarska 2, CZ—6I I 3 7 Brno, Czech Republic, [email protected] H.—P. Tschorsnig, Staatliches Museumflir Naturkunde, Rosenstein I, D— 70 191 Stuttgart, Germany, tschorsnig.smns@naturkundemuseum—bw.de P. Muckstein Administration of the Protected Landscape Area Zd’drske' vrchy, Brnenska 39, CZ—591 01 Zd’dr nad Sazavou, Czech Republic, muchstein @email.cz V. Michalkova, Masaryk University, Faculty ofScience, Kotlarska 2, CZ—6I I 3 7 Brno, Czech Republic, [email protected] Received 22 August 200 7, accepted 21 January 2008 1. Introduction The tachinid species are listed in their actual valid nomenclature; probable misidentifications Tachinidae are a very large and important dipter- are — if possible — tentatively corrected, but the an family of (mainly) insect parasitoids.
  • Commodity Risk Assessment of Nerium Oleander Plants from Turkey

    Commodity Risk Assessment of Nerium Oleander Plants from Turkey

    SCIENTIFIC OPINION ADOPTED: 25 March 2021 doi: 10.2903/j.efsa.2021.6569 Commodity risk assessment of Nerium oleander plants from Turkey EFSA Panel on Plant Health (PLH), Claude Bragard, Katharina Dehnen-Schmutz, Francesco Di Serio, Paolo Gonthier, Marie-Agnes Jacques, Josep Anton Jaques Miret, Annemarie Fejer Justesen, Alan MacLeod, Christer Sven Magnusson, Panagiotis Milonas, Juan A Navas-Cortes, Stephen Parnell, Philippe Lucien Reignault, Hans-Hermann Thulke, Wopke Van der Werf, Antonio Vicent Civera, Jonathan Yuen, Lucia Zappala, Elisavet Chatzivassiliou, Jane Debode, Charles Manceau, Ciro Gardi, Olaf Mosbach-Schulz and Roel Potting Abstract The European Commission requested the EFSA Panel on Plant Health to prepare and deliver risk assessments for commodities listed in Commission Implementing Regulation EU/2018/2019 as ‘High risk plants, plant products and other objects’. This Scientific Opinion covers plant health risks posed by bare rooted and potted plants of Nerium oleander that are imported from Turkey, taking into account the available scientific information, including the technical information provided by the Turkish NPPO. The relevance of any pest for this opinion was based on evidence following defined criteria. One species, the EU non-regulated pest Phenacoccus solenopsis, fulfilled all relevant criteria and was selected for further evaluation. For this pest, the risk mitigation measures proposed in the technical dossier from Turkey were evaluated taking into account the possible limiting factors. For this pest, an expert judgement is given on the likelihood of pest freedom taking into consideration the risk mitigation measures acting on the pest, including uncertainties associated with the assessment. The Expert Knowledge Elicitation indicated, with 95% certainty, that between 9,719 and 10,000 plants per 10,000 would be free of P.
  • Rhagoletis Completa

    Rhagoletis Completa

    Prepared by CABI and EPPO for the EU under Contract 90/399003 Data Sheets on Quarantine Pests Rhagoletis completa IDENTITY • Rhagoletis completa Name: Rhagoletis completa Cresson Synonyms: Rhagoletis suavis subsp. completa Cresson Taxonomic position: Insecta: Diptera: Tephritidae Common names: Walnut husk fly (English) Mouche des brous du noyer (French) Notes on taxonomy and nomenclature: In the previous edition of this data sheet (EPPO/CABI, 1992), R. suavis was treated as a synonym of R. completa. In this edition, it is treated as a separate species (see below). Bayer computer code: RHAGCO EU Annex designation: I/A1 • Rhagoletis suavis Name: Rhagoletis suavis (Loew) Synonyms: Trypeta suavis Loew Bayer computer code: RHAGSU EU Annex designation: I/A1 HOSTS • Rhagoletis completa The principal hosts are Juglans spp. In North America, J. nigra, J. californica and J. hindsii are attacked (Bush, 1966). Under certain conditions peaches (Prunus persica) may be attacked (Bush, 1966) but the significance of this is not clear. Wild hosts are other Juglans spp. (Foote, 1981). In the EPPO region, the only economically significant host might be walnuts (J. regia). Although there was only one old record, possibly a misidentification, on this host in North America (Cresson, 1929), there were records of high levels of infestation of walnut fruits in 1991 in some Italian orchards. • Rhagoletis suavis Recorded from Juglans ailanthifolia, J. cinerea, J. nigra and walnuts (J. regia) (Bush, 1966). Peaches (Prunus persica) are also an occasional host (Dean, 1969). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION R. completa and R. suavis are indigenous to North America. The former species has very recently been introduced into the EPPO region and has become established in a limited area.
  • In Coonoor Forest Area from Nilgiri District Tamil Nadu, India

    In Coonoor Forest Area from Nilgiri District Tamil Nadu, India

    International Journal of Scientific Research in ___________________________ Research Paper . Biological Sciences Vol.7, Issue.3, pp.52-61, June (2020) E-ISSN: 2347-7520 DOI: https://doi.org/10.26438/ijsrbs/v7i3.5261 Preliminary study of moth (Insecta: Lepidoptera) in Coonoor forest area from Nilgiri District Tamil Nadu, India N. Moinudheen1*, Kuppusamy Sivasankaran2 1Defense Service Staff College Wellington, Coonoor, Nilgiri District, Tamil Nadu-643231 2Entomology Research Institute, Loyola College, Chennai-600 034 Corresponding Author: [email protected], Tel.: +91-6380487062 Available online at: www.isroset.org Received: 27/Apr/2020, Accepted: 06/June/ 2020, Online: 30/June/2020 Abstract: This present study was conducted at Coonoor Forestdale area during the year 2018-2019. Through this study, a total of 212 species was observed from the study area which represented 212 species from 29 families. Most of the moth species were abundance in July to August. Moths are the most vulnerable organism, with slight environmental changes. Erebidae, Crambidae and Geometridae are the most abundant families throughout the year. The Coonoor Forestdale area was showed a number of new records and seems to supporting an interesting the monotypic moth species have been recorded. This preliminary study is useful for the periodic study of moths. Keywords: Moth, Environment, Nilgiri, Coonoor I. INTRODUCTION higher altitude [9]. Thenocturnal birds, reptiles, small mammals and rodents are important predator of moths. The Western Ghats is having a rich flora, fauna wealthy The moths are consider as a biological indicator of and one of the important biodiversity hotspot area. The environmental quality[12]. In this presentstudy moths were Western Ghats southern part is called NBR (Nilgiri collected and documented from different families at Biosphere Reserve) in the three states of Tamil Nadu, Coonoor forest area in the Nilgiri District.
  • Journal of the Trinidad and Tobago Field Naturalists' Club

    Journal of the Trinidad and Tobago Field Naturalists' Club

    Journal of the Trinidad and Tobago Field Naturalists' Club Natura Maxime Miranda in Minimis Published July 1986. LIVING WORLD is published biennially by the Trinidad and Tobago Field Naturalists' Club. This issue is dedicated to Rtchard ffrench. All rights reserved. Type·setting, design and page mechanicals by 8M Publica· tions, 20 Collens Road, Maraval, Trinidad. Dedication RICHARD FFRENCH was born in England and shortly after gra­ duating from Oxford University came to the West Indies with his wife Margaret. He lived in Barbados for three years and then came to Trinidad to teach at St Peter's School, Pointe-a'-Pierre. His interest in birds was alreadY well developed bu t so was his interest in music and he contributed much to the cultural life of Trinidad and Tobago in both of these fields. He is a past president of the Trinidad and Tobago Field Naturalists' Club and edited its jour­ nal for a number of years. He was also chairman of the Board of Management of the Asa Wright Nature Centre for some years and served as a member of the board after his term as chairman. From his arrival in Trinidad to his departure in April 1985 he studied the avifauna of our two islands and produced his Guide to the Birds of Trinidad and Tobago in 1973. It is now in its fourth edition. A smaller (and cheaper) guide to the common birds has just been published and shDuld introduce the study of birds to an even wider pUblic. He has published several papers in this journal and in others and with Peter Bacon wrote Nature Trails of Trinidad.
  • Tephritid Fruit Fly Semiochemicals: Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives

    Tephritid Fruit Fly Semiochemicals: Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives

    insects Review Tephritid Fruit Fly Semiochemicals: Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives Francesca Scolari 1,* , Federica Valerio 2 , Giovanni Benelli 3 , Nikos T. Papadopoulos 4 and Lucie Vaníˇcková 5,* 1 Institute of Molecular Genetics IGM-CNR “Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza”, I-27100 Pavia, Italy 2 Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, I-27100 Pavia, Italy; [email protected] 3 Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy; [email protected] 4 Department of Agriculture Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Fytokou st., N. Ionia, 38446 Volos, Greece; [email protected] 5 Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic * Correspondence: [email protected] (F.S.); [email protected] (L.V.); Tel.: +39-0382-986421 (F.S.); +420-732-852-528 (L.V.) Simple Summary: Tephritid fruit flies comprise pests of high agricultural relevance and species that have emerged as global invaders. Chemical signals play key roles in multiple steps of a fruit fly’s life. The production and detection of chemical cues are critical in many behavioural interactions of tephritids, such as finding mating partners and hosts for oviposition. The characterisation of the molecules involved in these behaviours sheds light on understanding the biology and ecology of fruit flies and in addition provides a solid base for developing novel species-specific pest control tools by exploiting and/or interfering with chemical perception. Here we provide a comprehensive Citation: Scolari, F.; Valerio, F.; overview of the extensive literature on different types of chemical cues emitted by tephritids, with Benelli, G.; Papadopoulos, N.T.; a focus on the most relevant fruit fly pest species.