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ACEA – E10 Petrol Fuel: Vehicle Compatibility List
List of ACEA member company petrol vehicles compatible with using ‘E10’ petrol 1. Important notes applicable for the complete list hereunder The European Union Fuel Quality Directive (1) introduced a new market petrol specification from 1st January 2011 that may contain up to 10% ethanol by volume (10 %vol). Such petrol is commonly known as ‘E10’. It is up to the individual country of the European Union and fuel marketers to decide if and when to introduce E10 petrol to the market and so far E10 petrol has only been introduced in Finland, France, Germany and Belgium. For vehicles equipped with a spark-ignition (petrol) engine introduced into the EU market, this list indicates their compatibility (or otherwise) with the use of E10 petrol. 2. Note In countries that offer E10 petrol, before you fill your vehicle with petrol please check that your vehicle is compatible with the use of E10 petrol. If, by mistake, you put E10 petrol into a vehicle that is not declared compatible with the use of E10 petrol, it is recommended that you contact your local vehicle dealer, the vehicle manufacturer or roadside assistance provider who may advise that the fuel tank be drained. If it is necessary to drain the fuel from the tank then you should ensure it is done by a competent organisation and the tank is refilled with the correct grade of petrol for your vehicle. Owners experiencing any issues when using E10 petrol are advised to contact their local vehicle dealer or vehicle manufacturer and to use instead 95RON (or 98RON) petrol that might be identified by ‘E5’ (or have no specific additional marking) in those countries that offer E10 petrol. -
Internal and External Combustion Engine Classifications: Gasoline
Internal and External Combustion Engine Classifications: Gasoline and diesel engine classifications: A gasoline (Petrol) engine or spark ignition (SI) burns gasoline, and the fuel is metered into the intake manifold. Spark plug ignites the fuel. A diesel engine or (compression ignition Cl) bums diesel oil, and the fuel is injected right into the engine combustion chamber. When fuel is injected into the cylinder, it self ignites and bums. Preparation of fuel air mixture (gasoline engine): * High calorific value: (Benzene (Gasoline) 40000 kJ/kg, Diesel 45000 kJ/kg). * Air-fuel ratio: A chemically correct air-fuel ratio is called stoichiometric mixture. It is an ideal ratio of around 14.7:1 (14.7 parts of air to 1 part fuel by weight). Under steady-state engine condition, this ratio of air to fuel would assure that all of the fuel will blend with all of the air and be burned completely. A lean fuel mixture containing a lot of air compared to fuel, will give better fuel economy and fewer exhaust emissions (i.e. 17:1). A rich fuel mixture: with a larger percentage of fuel, improves engine power and cold engine starting (i.e. 8:1). However, it will increase emissions and fuel consumption. * Gasoline density = 737.22 kg/m3, air density (at 20o) = 1.2 kg/m3 The ratio 14.7 : 1 by weight equal to 14.7/1.2 : 1/737.22 = 12.25 : 0.0013564 The ratio is 9,030 : 1 by volume (one liter of gasoline needs 9.03 m3 of air to have complete burning). -
Technical Report: Engine and Emission System Technology
Technical Report: Engine and Emission System Technology Spark Ignition Petrol: Euro 5 & Beyond - Light Duty V ehicles © Copyright 2016 ABMARC Disclaimer By accepting this report from ABMARC you acknowledge and agree to the terms as set out below. This Disclaimer and denial of Liability will continue and shall apply to all dealings of whatsoever nature conducted between ABMARC and yourselves relevant to this report unless specifically varied in writing. ABMARC has no means of knowing how the report’s recommendations and or information provide d to you will be applied and or used and therefore denies any liability for any losses, damages or otherwise as may be suffered by you as a result of your use of same. Reports, recommendations made or information provided to you by ABMARC are based on ext ensive and careful research of information some of which may be provided by yourselves and or third parties to ABMARC. Information is constantly changing and therefore ABMARC accepts no responsibility to you for its continuing accuracy and or reliability. Our Reports are based on the best available information obtainable at the time but due to circumstances and factors out of our control could change significantly very quickly. Care should be taken by you in ensuring that the report is appropriate for your needs and purposes and ABMARC makes no warranty that it is. You acknowledge and agree that this Disclaimer and Denial of Liability extends to all Employees and or Contractors working for ABMARC. You agree that any rights or remedies available to you pursuant to relevant Legislation shall be limited to the Laws of the State of Victoria and to the extent permitted by law shall be limited to such monies as paid by you for the re levant report, recommendations and or information. -
Oops! I Don’T Think I’M the Page You Were Hoping to Land On…
Don’t be fooled: We guarantee to beat webuyanycar.com by at least £100 on your current Ford car or van when you sell or Part Exchange. It’s a myth that you get a better deal buying without a trade-in! Oops! I don’t think I’m the page you were hoping to land on… You might want to check the URL for errors and refresh your browser, hopefully you’ll find the page you’re looking for. Or you could try one of the following options: View A Vehicle View Our New Cars Search Our Used Cars View Our New Vans Search Our Used Vans Not Looking For A Car? Search For Your Nearest TrustFord Location Check Out Our Latest News Find Out About Vehicle Service Start Over & Go To The Homepage © Ford Retail Ltd All Rights Reserved Quick links Privacy, Legal & Cookie Notice | Ford.co.uk | Careers | About Us | Service Booking | Find A Dealer | Contact Us | Terms And Conditions | Sitemap Popular New Ford Cars Popular Used Cars Popular Used Vans Ford Fiesta Used Ford KA+ Used Ford Transit Courier Ford Fiesta Mild Hybrid Used Ford Fiesta Used Ford Transit Connect Ford Fiesta ST Used Ford Puma Used Ford Transit Custom Ford EcoSport Used Ford B-Max Used Ford Tourneo Custom Ford Puma Used Ford EcoSport Used Ford Transit New Ford Puma ST Used Ford Focus Used Ford Transit Minibus Ford Focus Used Ford Focus ST Used Ford Transit Chassis Cab Ford Focus Mild Hybrid Used Ford Focus RS Used Ford Ranger Ford Focus ST Used Ford C-Max Ford Kuga Used Grand C-Max All-Electric Ford Mustang Mach-E Used Ford Mondeo Ford Mondeo Used Ford Mustang Ford Mondeo Hybrid Used Ford S-Max Ford Mustang Used Ford Galaxy Ford S-Max Used Ford Edge Ford Galaxy Used Ford Tourneo Connect Ford Ranger Used Ford Grand Tourneo Connect Ford Ranger Thunder Ford Ranger Raptor Electric and Hybrid Company Details Ford Retail Limited - 2 Charter Court, Newcomen Way, Colchester, Essex, CO4 9YA - UK Registered: 191596 - VAT Reg. -
Bringing Biofuels on the Market
Bringing biofuels on the market Options to increase EU biofuels volumes beyond the current blending limits Report Delft, July 2013 Author(s): Bettina Kampman (CE Delft) Ruud Verbeek (TNO) Anouk van Grinsven (CE Delft) Pim van Mensch (TNO) Harry Croezen (CE Delft) Artur Patuleia (TNO) Publication Data Bibliographical data: Bettina Kampman (CE Delft), Ruud Verbeek (TNO), Anouk van Grinsven (CE Delft), Pim van Mensch (TNO), Harry Croezen (CE Delft), Artur Patuleia (TNO) Bringing biofuels on the market Options to increase EU biofuels volumes beyond the current blending limits Delft, CE Delft, July 2013 Fuels / Renewable / Blends / Increase / Market / Scenarios / Policy / Technical / Measures / Standards FT: Biofuels Publication code: 13.4567.46 CE Delft publications are available from www.cedelft.eu Commissioned by: The European Commission, DG Energy. Further information on this study can be obtained from the contact person, Bettina Kampman. Disclaimer: This study Bringing biofuels on the market. Options to increase EU biofuels volumes beyond the current blending limits was produced for the European Commission by the consortium of CE Delft and TNO. The views represented in the report are those of its authors and do not represent the views or official position of the European Commission. The European Commission does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this report, nor does it accept responsibility for any use made thereof. © copyright, CE Delft, Delft CE Delft Committed to the Environment CE Delft is an independent research and consultancy organisation specialised in developing structural and innovative solutions to environmental problems. CE Delft’s solutions are characterised in being politically feasible, technologically sound, economically prudent and socially equitable. -
A Review: Concept of Diesel Vapor Combustion System
ISSN(Online) : 2319-8753 ISSN (Print) : 2347-6710 International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology (An ISO 3297: 2007 Certified Organization) Vol. 5, Issue 4, April 2016 A Review: Concept of Diesel Vapor Combustion System Vijayeshwar.B.V P.G. Student, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sri Venkateshwara College of Engineering, Bangalore, Karnataka, India ABSTRACT: This paper presents a concept of technique for delivery of heavy fuel oil (diesel fuel) in vapour form (gaseous state) to SI engine manifold and process of combustion of heavy fuel oil mixture (vapour and air) in light weight spark-ignition engines. If the diesel fuel is delivered to SI engine combustion chamber in vapour form (diesel fumes) through a technique of vaporization of diesel fuel and mixing of air-fuel, complete combustion of air-fuel mixture can be achieved, more improved mileage can be obtained with less emissions without compromising with engine performance aspects which is the must required criteria for any automobile. Here the principle used in vaporization of diesel is a hot air vaporization technique, where hot air is supplied at the bottom diesel sub tank/ vaporizing container as a result of which these air bubbles extract the diesel vapours forming diesel fumes from liquid diesel and these diesel vapours when delivered to engine with appropriate mixing with air and when undergoes combustion gives the above expected results. KEYWORDS: diesel fuel vapours, fuel vaporizer, air-fuel mixture, vapour combustion, reduced emission. I. INTRODUCTION The diesel engine (also known as a compression-ignition or CI engine) is an internal combustion engine in which ignition of the fuel that has been injected into the combustion chamber is initiated by the high temperature which a gas achieves when greatly compressed (adiabatic compression). -
Study of Modified Internal Combustion Engine to Run with Ethanol
International Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences (IJEAS) ISSN: 2394-3661, Volume-4, Issue-8, August 2017 Study of Modified Internal Combustion Engine to Run with ‘Ethanol’ Sajag Poudel, Dipan Deb Abstract— Moving across the emerging trends of renewable A. Properties of Ethanol energy sources, ethanol has attracted more attention because it is considered as a renewable resource and is easily obtained Boiling Point: 70oC Melting Point: -114oC from sugar or starch. Moreover, ethanol fuel as an IC engine Density: 789kg/m3 Calorific Fuel Value: 29 MJ/kg fuel would be able to solve the issue of carbon emission and environmental pollution. Ethanol can replace conventional Table I. Properties of different fuels gasoline to be used as a fuel for automotive. This paper is about the results and analysis obtained during the test of an IC engine Fuel CV CV Octane with ethanol before and after modification. As we want to run an IC engine with ethanol, its physical and chemical properties (MJ/L) (MJ/kg) Number play crucial role. Due to different physical & chemical Ethanol (E100) 21.2 29.7 108.6 properties of ethanol than that of gasoline, proper engine Ethanol 85% blend 25.2 33.2 105 parameters should be maintained in gasoline engine to run it (E85) with ethanol i.e. the stoichiometric ratio needs to be maintained. Pure 34.8 44.4 91 An attempt to test gasoline based IC engine using ethanol initially didn’t give promising result in terms of efficiency and gasoline/petrol (E0) mileage. Carburetor of engine was modified so as to maintain proper stoichiometric ratio which improved the brake power of B. -
2017 Ford Transit Connect Brochure
2017 TRANSIT CONNECT PASSENGER WAGON+CARGO VAN TRANSIT CONNECT PASSENGER WAGON. With a choice of short- or long-wheelbase configurations, standard dual sliding side doors, and a low step-in height for easy entry and exit, the 2017 Ford Transit Connect Passenger Wagon keeps up to 7 passengers1 comfortably on the move. Stylish cloth or leather-trimmed seats1 join cupholders in each row, and up to three 12-volt powerpoints1 help meet a variety of passenger needs. Plus, with a 5-star overall vehicle score, it received the government’s highest safety rating.2 Six standard airbags3 include a Safety Canopy®System with rollover sensor, and side-curtain airbags for all outboard passengers. In the 2017 Transit Connect Passenger Wagon, you’re surrounded in comfort, safety and style. SHORT WHEELBASE LONG WHEELBASE SEATS SEATS UP TO UP TO 5 7 2017 Transit Connect | ford.com TITANIUM LWB Passenger Wagon in Deep Impact Blue with available equipment. 1Available feature. 22017 Transit Connect. Government’s 5-Star Safety Ratings are part of the U.S. Department of Transportation’s (NHTSA’s) New Car Assessment Program (www.safercar.gov). 3Always wear your safety belt and secure children in the rear seat. F UL LY FOCUSED ON FLEXIBILITY. Able to adapt at a moment’s notice, Transit Connect Passenger Wagon is prepared for anything. A front overhead storage shelf keeps frequently needed items close at hand. If your day starts with passengers, a low step-in height makes entry and exit easy. Along the way, they can enjoy a panoramic fixed-glass Vista Roof®1 with power sunshade, plus power 2nd-row windows with one-touch-up/-down.1 An observation mirror1 helps you keep an eye on those in back, while the MyKey®programmable ignition key1 allows you to restrict maximum vehicle speed, audio volume, and more so drivers can stay focused. -
Comparison of Transport Fuels
COMPARISON OF TRANSPORT FUELS FINAL REPORT (EV45A/2/F3C) to the AUSTRALIAN GREENHOUSE OFFICE on the Stage 2 study of Life-cycle Emissions Analysis of Alternative Fuels for Heavy Vehicles By Tom Beer1,2, Tim Grant3, Geoff Morgan4, Jack Lapszewicz5, Peter Anyon6, Jim Edwards7, Peter Nelson7, Harry Watson8 & David Williams7 1 CSIRO Atmospheric Research, Aspendale, Vic. 2 CSIRO Environmental Risk Network, Aspendale, Vic. 3 RMIT Centre for Design, Melbourne, Vic. 4 Southern Cross Institute of Health Research, Lismore, NSW 5 CSIRO Energy Technology, Lucas Heights, NSW 6 Parsons Australia Pty Ltd 7 CSIRO Energy Technology, North Ryde, NSW 8 University of Melbourne, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Parkville, Vic. in association with and Parsons Australia Pty Ltd Southern Cross Institute of Health Research Contact Dr Tom Beer Co-ordinator CSIRO Environmental Risk Network Private Bag 1 Aspendale, Vic. 3195 Australia Phone: (03) 9239 4400 Fax: (03) 9239 4444 International: + 613 9239 4400 Fax +613 9239 4444 e-mail: [email protected] EV45A_2P0_F3C_Part0 ii Table of Contents Acronyms..................................................................................................................................ix Glossary of Terms ....................................................................................................................xii Executive Summary..................................................................................................................xv Part 1 1. Background.....................................................................................................................1 -
Impact of Biogas Blends with Diesel on Emission of Compression Ignition Engine
International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology (IJEAT) ISSN: 2249 – 8958, Volume-9 Issue-2, December, 2019 Impact of Biogas Blends with Diesel on Emission of Compression Ignition Engine A Arul Peter cylinder. The gas was injected to the diesel engine with diesel Abstract: Main objective of the work was to investigate the through regulator to maintain the blend ratio at the end of output like emission from compression ignition engine which has compression stroke. been run by diesel as well as the blends of biogas with diesel. Volume flow rate of biogas with petrol as a major parameter to reach the expected outcome. The engine was operated with diesel, IV. EXPERIMENTAL SETUP and blends of biogas 15%, 25% and 35% with petrol. The study Diesel focused on the variation of outputs hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide(CO) Nitrous oxides(NOX) and smoke for the brake Tank power generated by the engine. The engine exhibits better results when the proportion of biogas was increased. Biogas Cylinder Regulator Keywords : Biogas, Carbon monoxide, Compression Ignition engine. Emission, Hydro Carbon, Oxides of Nitrogen AVL GAS Analyser 7.5 kW I. INTRODUCTION ENGINE AVL smoke meter The depletion and fast consumption of fossil fuel enforces the mankind to search alternative energy resources to meet the Alternator demand. It should meet the emission standards and also Fig. 1. Layout of experimental setup renewable. Biogas from anaerobic digestion of animal substrate which is renewable compensates this demand. The layout of experimental setup was shown in fig 1. Kirloskar water cooled engine of 7.5 kW direct injection which has get the fuel from diesel tank and biogas cylinder. -
Internal Combustion Engines (Elective) (Me667) Sixth Semester
INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES (ELECTIVE) (ME667) SIXTH SEMESTER INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES An Engine is a device which transforms the chemical energy of a fuel into thermal energy and uses this thermal energy to produce mechamechanicalnical work.work. Engines normally conveconvertrt thermal energy into mechanical work and therefore they are called heat engines. Heat engines can be broadly classified into : i)i)i) External combustion engines ( E C Engines) ii)ii)ii) Internal combustion engines ( I C Engines ) External combustion engines are those in which combustion takes place outside the engine. FoFoForFo r example, IIInInnn sssteamsteam engine or steam turbine the heat generated due to combustion of fuel and it is employed to generate high pressure steamsteam,, which is used as working fluid in a reciprocating engine or turbine. See Figure 1. Figure 1 : External Combustion Engine Internal combustion engines cacann be classified as CContinuousontinuous IC engines and Intermittent IC engines. In continuous IC engines products of combustion of the fuel enterenterssss into the prime mover as the working fluid. For example : IInn Open cycle gas turbine plant. Products of combustionG ffromromP the combustionSRINAGAR chamber enters through the turbine to generate the power continuously . See Figure 2. Figure 2: Continuous IC EEEnginesEngines In this case, same working fluid cannot be uuusussseded again in the cycle. Jagadeesha T, Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Adichunchanagiri Institute of Technology, Chikmagalur INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES (ELECTIVE) (ME667) SIXTH SEMESTER In Intermittent internal combustion engine combustion of fuel takes place insidinsidee the engine cylinder. Power is generated intermittently (only during power stroke) and flywheel is used to provide uniform output torque. -
T1 T-C Petrol Engines
T1 supercharged petrol engines Process to add a T1 supercharged petrol engine in the engine list & Monitoring of such engines 1 22/01/2021 Tables of Contents History ..................................................................................................................................................... 3 Foreword ................................................................................................................................................. 4 1. Process overview ............................................................................................................................. 5 Time schedule ......................................................................................................................................... 6 2. Reminder of the main points of the current technical regulations related to T1 petrol supercharged engines ............................................................................................................................. 7 a. Summary of the Article 285 of the Appendix J ............................................................................ 7 b. Summary of the CCR Sporting Regulations ................................................................................. 8 3. Paperwork: engine description and engine performance layout ................................................... 9 a. The engine technical form ........................................................................................................... 9 b. The mandatory sensors positioning