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Horseless Carriage Replica Newsletter
Volume 3 Issue 3 Published by Lee Thevenet May - June, 2011 HORSELESS CARRIAGE REPLICA NEWSLETTER A Publication dedicated to the reporting of news, events, articles, photos, items for sale, etc, having to do with replica horseless carriages. Newsletter published six times a year and special issues when needed. From the Editor Hi everyone, Those of you who were not there, are the one’s that missed out on a great time, making new acquaintances and lots of great buys. Yes, I’m speaking about the Pre War Swap Meet that takes place each March in Chickasha, OK. Like every year before, there was a great time had by all that attended. Lots and lots of vendors showing their goods and beautiful cars to be had for the right price. For myself, this year’s trip to the candy store began a good twenty four hours before the meet was to begin, simply to be there when the vendor’s started to arrive. Remember the old saying “The early bird get’s the worm”. In this case, it was true. My quest this year was to find a very special part that would enable me to complete my REO build that has now gone past the completion time allowed to the project. The plans for the carriage had been completed and put up on the website quite a while back and the actual build, for the most part had been done for almost a year now, except for the final steps of painting and reassembly. Thus, the reason for not having any colored pictures on the REO Plans Page of the HCR.com Website. -
ACEA – E10 Petrol Fuel: Vehicle Compatibility List
List of ACEA member company petrol vehicles compatible with using ‘E10’ petrol 1. Important notes applicable for the complete list hereunder The European Union Fuel Quality Directive (1) introduced a new market petrol specification from 1st January 2011 that may contain up to 10% ethanol by volume (10 %vol). Such petrol is commonly known as ‘E10’. It is up to the individual country of the European Union and fuel marketers to decide if and when to introduce E10 petrol to the market and so far E10 petrol has only been introduced in Finland, France, Germany and Belgium. For vehicles equipped with a spark-ignition (petrol) engine introduced into the EU market, this list indicates their compatibility (or otherwise) with the use of E10 petrol. 2. Note In countries that offer E10 petrol, before you fill your vehicle with petrol please check that your vehicle is compatible with the use of E10 petrol. If, by mistake, you put E10 petrol into a vehicle that is not declared compatible with the use of E10 petrol, it is recommended that you contact your local vehicle dealer, the vehicle manufacturer or roadside assistance provider who may advise that the fuel tank be drained. If it is necessary to drain the fuel from the tank then you should ensure it is done by a competent organisation and the tank is refilled with the correct grade of petrol for your vehicle. Owners experiencing any issues when using E10 petrol are advised to contact their local vehicle dealer or vehicle manufacturer and to use instead 95RON (or 98RON) petrol that might be identified by ‘E5’ (or have no specific additional marking) in those countries that offer E10 petrol. -
Internal and External Combustion Engine Classifications: Gasoline
Internal and External Combustion Engine Classifications: Gasoline and diesel engine classifications: A gasoline (Petrol) engine or spark ignition (SI) burns gasoline, and the fuel is metered into the intake manifold. Spark plug ignites the fuel. A diesel engine or (compression ignition Cl) bums diesel oil, and the fuel is injected right into the engine combustion chamber. When fuel is injected into the cylinder, it self ignites and bums. Preparation of fuel air mixture (gasoline engine): * High calorific value: (Benzene (Gasoline) 40000 kJ/kg, Diesel 45000 kJ/kg). * Air-fuel ratio: A chemically correct air-fuel ratio is called stoichiometric mixture. It is an ideal ratio of around 14.7:1 (14.7 parts of air to 1 part fuel by weight). Under steady-state engine condition, this ratio of air to fuel would assure that all of the fuel will blend with all of the air and be burned completely. A lean fuel mixture containing a lot of air compared to fuel, will give better fuel economy and fewer exhaust emissions (i.e. 17:1). A rich fuel mixture: with a larger percentage of fuel, improves engine power and cold engine starting (i.e. 8:1). However, it will increase emissions and fuel consumption. * Gasoline density = 737.22 kg/m3, air density (at 20o) = 1.2 kg/m3 The ratio 14.7 : 1 by weight equal to 14.7/1.2 : 1/737.22 = 12.25 : 0.0013564 The ratio is 9,030 : 1 by volume (one liter of gasoline needs 9.03 m3 of air to have complete burning). -
Technical Report: Engine and Emission System Technology
Technical Report: Engine and Emission System Technology Spark Ignition Petrol: Euro 5 & Beyond - Light Duty V ehicles © Copyright 2016 ABMARC Disclaimer By accepting this report from ABMARC you acknowledge and agree to the terms as set out below. This Disclaimer and denial of Liability will continue and shall apply to all dealings of whatsoever nature conducted between ABMARC and yourselves relevant to this report unless specifically varied in writing. ABMARC has no means of knowing how the report’s recommendations and or information provide d to you will be applied and or used and therefore denies any liability for any losses, damages or otherwise as may be suffered by you as a result of your use of same. Reports, recommendations made or information provided to you by ABMARC are based on ext ensive and careful research of information some of which may be provided by yourselves and or third parties to ABMARC. Information is constantly changing and therefore ABMARC accepts no responsibility to you for its continuing accuracy and or reliability. Our Reports are based on the best available information obtainable at the time but due to circumstances and factors out of our control could change significantly very quickly. Care should be taken by you in ensuring that the report is appropriate for your needs and purposes and ABMARC makes no warranty that it is. You acknowledge and agree that this Disclaimer and Denial of Liability extends to all Employees and or Contractors working for ABMARC. You agree that any rights or remedies available to you pursuant to relevant Legislation shall be limited to the Laws of the State of Victoria and to the extent permitted by law shall be limited to such monies as paid by you for the re levant report, recommendations and or information. -
Me Or Body Is Different from the Manufacturer's Specifications, Unless That Difference Is Caused By: A
MAINE Definitions Altered Vehicle. A motor vehicle with a gross vehicle weight rating of 10,000 pounds or less that is modified so that the distance from the ground to the lowermost point on any part of the frame or body is different from the manufacturer's specifications, unless that difference is caused by: A. The use of tires that are no more than 2 sizes larger than the manufacturer's recommended sizes; B. The installation of a heavy duty suspension, including shock absorbers and overload springs; or C. Normal wear of the suspension system that does not affect control of the vehicle. Antique Auto. An automobile or truck manufactured in or after model year 1916 that is: A. More than 25 years old; B. Equipped with an engine manufactured either at the same time as the vehicle or to the specifications of the original engine; C. Substantially maintained in original or restored condition primarily for use in exhibitions, club activities, parades or other functions of public interest; D. Not used as its owner's primary mode of transportation of passengers or goods; E. Not a reconstructed vehicle; and F. Not an altered vehicle. Classic Vehicle. A motor vehicle that is at least 16 years old but less than 26 years old that the Secretary of State determines is of significance to vehicle collectors because of its make, model and condition and is valued at more than $5,000. Custom Vehicle. A motor vehicle manufactured after model year 1948 that: A. Is at least 25 years old or was manufactured to resemble a motor vehicle that is at least 25 years old; and B. -
Bringing Biofuels on the Market
Bringing biofuels on the market Options to increase EU biofuels volumes beyond the current blending limits Report Delft, July 2013 Author(s): Bettina Kampman (CE Delft) Ruud Verbeek (TNO) Anouk van Grinsven (CE Delft) Pim van Mensch (TNO) Harry Croezen (CE Delft) Artur Patuleia (TNO) Publication Data Bibliographical data: Bettina Kampman (CE Delft), Ruud Verbeek (TNO), Anouk van Grinsven (CE Delft), Pim van Mensch (TNO), Harry Croezen (CE Delft), Artur Patuleia (TNO) Bringing biofuels on the market Options to increase EU biofuels volumes beyond the current blending limits Delft, CE Delft, July 2013 Fuels / Renewable / Blends / Increase / Market / Scenarios / Policy / Technical / Measures / Standards FT: Biofuels Publication code: 13.4567.46 CE Delft publications are available from www.cedelft.eu Commissioned by: The European Commission, DG Energy. Further information on this study can be obtained from the contact person, Bettina Kampman. Disclaimer: This study Bringing biofuels on the market. Options to increase EU biofuels volumes beyond the current blending limits was produced for the European Commission by the consortium of CE Delft and TNO. The views represented in the report are those of its authors and do not represent the views or official position of the European Commission. The European Commission does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this report, nor does it accept responsibility for any use made thereof. © copyright, CE Delft, Delft CE Delft Committed to the Environment CE Delft is an independent research and consultancy organisation specialised in developing structural and innovative solutions to environmental problems. CE Delft’s solutions are characterised in being politically feasible, technologically sound, economically prudent and socially equitable. -
Form HSMV 83045
FLORIDA DEPARTMENT OF HIGHWAY SAFETY AND MOTOR VEHICLES Application for Registration of a Street Rod, Custom Vehicle, Horseless Carriage or Antique (Permanent) INSTRUCTIONS: COMPLETE APPLICATION AND CHECK APPLICABLE BOX 1 APPLICANT INFORMATION Name of Applicant Applicant’s Email Address Street Address City _ State Zip Telephone Number _ Sex Date of Birth Florida Driver License Number or FEID Number 2 VEHICLE INFORMATION YEAR MAKE BODY TYPE WEIGHT OF VEHICLE COLOR ENGINE OR ID# TITLE# _ PREVIOUS LICENSE PLATE# _ 3 CERTIFICATION (Check Applicable Box) The vehicle described in section 2 is a “Street Rod” which is a modified motor vehicle manufactured prior to 1949. The vehicle meets state equipment and safety requirements that were in effect in this state as a condition of sale in the year listed as the model year on the certificate of title. The vehicle will only be used for exhibition and not for general transportation. A vehicle inspection must be done at a FLHSMV Regional office and the title branded as “Street Rod” prior to the issuance of the Street Rod license plate. The vehicle described in section 2 is a “Custom Vehicle” which is a modified motor vehicle manufactured after 1948 and is 25 years old or older and has been altered from the manufacturer’s original design or has a body constructed from non-original materials. The vehicle meets state equipment and safety requirements that were in effect in this state as a condition of sale in the year listed as the model year on the certificate of title. The vehicle will only be used for exhibition and not for general transportation. -
AZ 85001-2100 96-0143 R02/19 Azdot.Gov • Most Plates May Be Ordered Online At
Arizona Definitions Reconstructed vehicle. A vehicle that has been assembled or constructed largely by means of essential parts, new or used, derived from vehicles or makes of vehicles of various names, models and types or that, if originally otherwise constructed, has been materially altered by the removal of essential parts or by the addition or substitution of essential parts, new or used, derived from other vehicles or makes of vehicles. For the purposes of this paragraph, "essential parts" means integral and body parts, the removal, alteration or substitution of which will tend to conceal the identity or substantially alter the appearance of the vehicle. Historic vehicle. Any of the following: 1. A vehicle bearing a model year date of original manufacture that is twenty-five years old or older. 2. A vehicle included in a list of historic vehicles filed with the director by a recognized historic or classic vehicle organization during the month of December of each year. 3. A reconstructed vehicle that the director determines, on application by the owner, retains at least the basic original body style as manufactured twenty-five years or more before the date of the application. Classic car. A car included in the 1963 list of classic cars filed with the director by the classic car club of America. The director shall revise the list every five years. Horseless carriage. A motor vehicle manufactured in 1915 or before. Specially constructed vehicle. A vehicle not originally constructed under a distinctive name, make, model or type by a generally recognized manufacturer of vehicles. Street Rod. -
A Review: Concept of Diesel Vapor Combustion System
ISSN(Online) : 2319-8753 ISSN (Print) : 2347-6710 International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology (An ISO 3297: 2007 Certified Organization) Vol. 5, Issue 4, April 2016 A Review: Concept of Diesel Vapor Combustion System Vijayeshwar.B.V P.G. Student, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sri Venkateshwara College of Engineering, Bangalore, Karnataka, India ABSTRACT: This paper presents a concept of technique for delivery of heavy fuel oil (diesel fuel) in vapour form (gaseous state) to SI engine manifold and process of combustion of heavy fuel oil mixture (vapour and air) in light weight spark-ignition engines. If the diesel fuel is delivered to SI engine combustion chamber in vapour form (diesel fumes) through a technique of vaporization of diesel fuel and mixing of air-fuel, complete combustion of air-fuel mixture can be achieved, more improved mileage can be obtained with less emissions without compromising with engine performance aspects which is the must required criteria for any automobile. Here the principle used in vaporization of diesel is a hot air vaporization technique, where hot air is supplied at the bottom diesel sub tank/ vaporizing container as a result of which these air bubbles extract the diesel vapours forming diesel fumes from liquid diesel and these diesel vapours when delivered to engine with appropriate mixing with air and when undergoes combustion gives the above expected results. KEYWORDS: diesel fuel vapours, fuel vaporizer, air-fuel mixture, vapour combustion, reduced emission. I. INTRODUCTION The diesel engine (also known as a compression-ignition or CI engine) is an internal combustion engine in which ignition of the fuel that has been injected into the combustion chamber is initiated by the high temperature which a gas achieves when greatly compressed (adiabatic compression). -
Volume 3 Issue 1
Volume 3 Issue 1 Published by Lee Thevenet Jan - Feb, 2011 HORSELESS CARRIAGE REPLICA NEWSLETTER “New Years Issue” A Publication dedicated to the reporting of news, events, articles, photos, items for sale, etc, having to do with replica horseless carriages. Newsletter published six times a year and special issues when needed. From the Editor 2011 2011 Hello Builders, Yes, a very Happy New Year to all of you. Most of us see this time of year as a chance to make needed decisive change’s in our lives. Change’s, which would most likely affect our lives’ for the better. Some make simple changes like cutting back on coffee or sweets, etc. Others tackle more serious challenges like giving up smoking or drinking. Referred to as, New Years Resolutions, these promises to ourselves or family will often fall short of success. Not always because of neglect or unwillingness but simply because we tend to fall back into old routines or habits even if we know better. HCR building can also fall short of success. Other hobbies, distractions and sometimes just lack of funds, can diminish the desire to complete that HCR Project. When making this years resolutions, don’t forget that half completed HCR project…It will bring a lot of happiness & fun times to your life… 1 Toon & Crossword by Lee In This Issue Page Seasons Greetings………………1 Toon & Crossword………………2 Reflections……………………… 3 Terrific HCR Exposure………..4-5 A Very Unique HCR……………6-9 The Pleasure of Winning………10 Picture from Times Past……… 11 Tool Time…………………………11 Economical Buggy Top…… 12-13 Closing Comments………….14-15 OK, OK dear, the next HCR I build will be large enough for both of us to ride! Across 2. -
Study of Modified Internal Combustion Engine to Run with Ethanol
International Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences (IJEAS) ISSN: 2394-3661, Volume-4, Issue-8, August 2017 Study of Modified Internal Combustion Engine to Run with ‘Ethanol’ Sajag Poudel, Dipan Deb Abstract— Moving across the emerging trends of renewable A. Properties of Ethanol energy sources, ethanol has attracted more attention because it is considered as a renewable resource and is easily obtained Boiling Point: 70oC Melting Point: -114oC from sugar or starch. Moreover, ethanol fuel as an IC engine Density: 789kg/m3 Calorific Fuel Value: 29 MJ/kg fuel would be able to solve the issue of carbon emission and environmental pollution. Ethanol can replace conventional Table I. Properties of different fuels gasoline to be used as a fuel for automotive. This paper is about the results and analysis obtained during the test of an IC engine Fuel CV CV Octane with ethanol before and after modification. As we want to run an IC engine with ethanol, its physical and chemical properties (MJ/L) (MJ/kg) Number play crucial role. Due to different physical & chemical Ethanol (E100) 21.2 29.7 108.6 properties of ethanol than that of gasoline, proper engine Ethanol 85% blend 25.2 33.2 105 parameters should be maintained in gasoline engine to run it (E85) with ethanol i.e. the stoichiometric ratio needs to be maintained. Pure 34.8 44.4 91 An attempt to test gasoline based IC engine using ethanol initially didn’t give promising result in terms of efficiency and gasoline/petrol (E0) mileage. Carburetor of engine was modified so as to maintain proper stoichiometric ratio which improved the brake power of B. -
Comparison of Transport Fuels
COMPARISON OF TRANSPORT FUELS FINAL REPORT (EV45A/2/F3C) to the AUSTRALIAN GREENHOUSE OFFICE on the Stage 2 study of Life-cycle Emissions Analysis of Alternative Fuels for Heavy Vehicles By Tom Beer1,2, Tim Grant3, Geoff Morgan4, Jack Lapszewicz5, Peter Anyon6, Jim Edwards7, Peter Nelson7, Harry Watson8 & David Williams7 1 CSIRO Atmospheric Research, Aspendale, Vic. 2 CSIRO Environmental Risk Network, Aspendale, Vic. 3 RMIT Centre for Design, Melbourne, Vic. 4 Southern Cross Institute of Health Research, Lismore, NSW 5 CSIRO Energy Technology, Lucas Heights, NSW 6 Parsons Australia Pty Ltd 7 CSIRO Energy Technology, North Ryde, NSW 8 University of Melbourne, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Parkville, Vic. in association with and Parsons Australia Pty Ltd Southern Cross Institute of Health Research Contact Dr Tom Beer Co-ordinator CSIRO Environmental Risk Network Private Bag 1 Aspendale, Vic. 3195 Australia Phone: (03) 9239 4400 Fax: (03) 9239 4444 International: + 613 9239 4400 Fax +613 9239 4444 e-mail: [email protected] EV45A_2P0_F3C_Part0 ii Table of Contents Acronyms..................................................................................................................................ix Glossary of Terms ....................................................................................................................xii Executive Summary..................................................................................................................xv Part 1 1. Background.....................................................................................................................1