International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Volume 119 No. 17 2018, 633-648 ISSN: 1314-3395 (on-line version) url: http://www.acadpubl.eu/hub/ Special Issue http://www.acadpubl.eu/hub/

MAPPING OF VETERINARY MEDICINE RESEARCH ACROSS THE GLOB: A SCIENTOMETRIC ASSESSMENT ON DATABASE DURING 2008-2017

1A. Issac Newton, 2Dr. P. Gomathi, 3M. Prakash 1Ph.D. Scholar, DLIS , Periyar University, Salem. Tamilnadu, India. 2Assistant professor, Dept of LIS, Periyar University, Salem. Tamilnadu, India. 3II-M. L. I. S, Periyar University, Salem. Tamilnadu, India. [email protected]

Abstract

The present study may be useful for understanding the importance of research and development activities, measuring the relative growth rate and exponential growth rate. It helps in making research and development policies for improving the productivity of scientists in various fiends. The study examined the Scientometric analysis of “Veterinary Medicine” from 2008 to 2017. During this period, we discussed the development of Veterinary Medicine year by year in this study. The study was undertaken to examine the year wise distribution of contribution, authorship pattern, the degree of collaboration, relative growth rate and doubling time, country-wise distribution of articles and institution wise distribution of contributions. The study revealed that the Degree of Collaboration was high in the year 2017 (0.90%), the Relative Growth Rates (RGR) were decreased from 2008 (0.71%) to 2017 (0.13%) in the span of ten years. The doubling time (DT) has rapidly increased while calculating year wise, I. e. 2008 (0.98%) to 2017 (5.33%).

Keywords: Scientometrics, Relative Growth Rate, Doubling Time, Global Contribution, Veterinary Medicine

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1. Introduction

Scientometrics is “The measurement of scientific output and the impact of scientific findings on public policy”. The Scientometrics studies have enabled to develop a body of theoretical knowledge and a group of techniques and have facilitated its application for the further growth of knowledge-based information.

Veterinary Medicine

Veterinary medicine is the branch of medicine that deals with the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of disease, disorder, and injury in non-human animals. The scope of veterinary medicine is wide, covering all animal species, both domesticated and wild, with a wide range of conditions which can affect different species.

Web of Science

Web of Science (Previously known as Web of Knowledge) in an online subscription-based scientific citation indexing service originally produced by the Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) now maintained by Clarivate Analytics (Previously the Intellectual Property and science business of Thomson Reuters), that provides a comprehensive citation search.

2. Literature Review

Krauskopf, E., Garcia, F., & Funk, R. (2017) The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between language and a total number of citations found among documents in journals written in English and other languages. We selected all the journals clustered together in the Journal Citation Reports 2014 under the subject category "Veterinary Sciences" and downloaded data registered Web of Science Database for the year 1994-2013. We classified each of these journals by quartile and extracted information regarding their , language(s) stated, country of origin, a total number of documents published, a total number of reviews published, the percentage of documents published in English. Interestingly, although most of the journals state being multi-language. The results of this study suggest that journals should consider adopting English as the main language as this will increase citation counts and the impact factor of the journal.

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Sife, A. S., & Kipanyula, M. J. (2016) A Scientometric analysis was conducted to examine the research productivity of veterinary scientists at the Sokoine University of Agriculture from 1984 to 2015. Data on publications, citations and related metrics for 97 scientists were retrieved using the Publish or Perish software. A total of 2,392 publications were recorded for all veterinary scientists, giving an average of 74.75 publications per year. The whole study period recorded the mean RGR and Dt of 2.10 and 0.36 respectively. The rate of growth of publications increased while the corresponding doubling time deceased. Veterinary scholars in the USA published their research findings in 241 different journals during the period between 1984 and 2015.

El-Berry, D. K. (2016) Bibliometric analysis of PubMed publications is a quantitative indicator of research productivity of scientific institutions. The current study aimed to quantitatively analyze and compare the research publication productivity of the Egyptian faculties of veterinary medicine published between 2000 and 2014 in PubMed-indexed journals. G.Vasumathi , J.Dhana Sekar (2017), Egyptian faculties of veterinary medicine produced together 710 articles. In the current study, the PubMed research output of the faculties of veterinary medicine was quantitatively analyzed. The future study will focus on the qualitative analysis of the PubMed publications of these faculties using the journal impact factor and citation count.

3. Methodology

The data were collected from the Web of Science database by using the topic provision. The research was conducted for the term “Veterinary Medicine”, the overall data were 4,715 during the period of the study. The research field selected was core journals. The study evaluates the overall literature output of ten years time from 2008 to 2017.

Objectives

The following are the important objectives of the study:

1. To analysis the year-wise publication of Veterinary Medicine 2. To measure the authorship pattern of publications 3. To observe the Single author Vs Multi-Author 4. To determine the degree of collaboration 5. To measure the relative growth rate and doubling time

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6. To study the country wise records 7. To find out the most productive journals

Limitations

This study is limited to, the results yielded by research outputs published from January 2008 to December 2017 only.

Table: 1 Year-Wise Publication of Veterinary Medicine Research output

S.NO Publication Year Records % TLCS TGCS

1 2008 362 7.7 286 4708

2 2009 377 8.0 275 4724

3 2010 404 8.6 383 5614

4 2011 423 9.0 292 4441

5 2012 483 10.2 263 4001

6 2013 432 9.2 170 4008

7 2014 440 9.3 134 2348

8 2015 556 11.8 111 1781

9 2016 653 13.8 48 1101

10 2017 585 12.4 8 274

Total 4715 100 1970 33000

To analyses the year wise output on “Veterinary Medicine” at world level from 2008 to 2017(10 years). There is about 4715 total output. In the year 2016, the output measured 653(13.8%); this is the highest records out of 4715 records. In the year 2008, the output measured was 377(8%); this is the lowest records out of 4715 records. The output performance rate is to below 10%, from 2008 to 2011, 2013 and 2014. Onwards the output performance is to more than 10% from 2015 to 2017. The study includes the data covered in the Web of Science database from 2008 to 2017.

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Table: 2 Analysis of Authorship pattern

S.NO Authors No. of. Articles %

1 Single author 707 15.0 2 Two authors 690 14.6 3 Three authors 702 15.0 4 Four authors 696 14.7 5 Five authors 611 13.0 More than Five 6 1309 27.7 authors Total 4715 100%

The overall analysis of the authorship pattern and its percentage in contributing the research output in the field of veterinary medicine. The study reveals that a total number of 14643 authors had contributed 4715 articles. It clearly indicates it could be observed from the results that More than Five authored publications rank first in order to share1309 (27.7%) of the total research output. The Single and Three authored papers followed the second order taking 707,702(15.0%). The Four authored contributions take the third position 696(14.7%), followed by Two authors published in 690 (14.6%), and the last position of Five authored papers stands at in order witnessing 611 contributions which represent only (13.0%) of total research output.

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Figure: 2.1 Analysis of Authorship pattern

Table: 3 Single Vs Multi Authors in Veterinary Medicine Research

S.No Authorship Pattern Publication %

1 Single Author 707 15.0

2 Multi-Author 4008 85.0

Total 4715 100

It is observed from the table 4.6.4 that the authorship pattern in terms of single authors and multi-authors during the period of study. Out of 4715 research outputs, Multi-authors published the majority of 4008 (85.0 %) papers and single authors published the rest of 704 (15.0 %) articles. It is noted that most of the authors are interested to publish their research papers with co- authors.

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Table: 4 Analysis of Degree of Collaboration

Single Author Multiple Author Total Authors Degree of Years (NS) (NM) (NS+NM) Collaboration 2008 81 282 363 0.77 2009 77 300 377 0.79 2010 73 331 404 0.82 2011 71 352 423 0.83 2012 80 403 483 0.83 2013 57 375 432 0.88 2014 54 386 440 0.87

2015 81 475 556 0.85

2016 74 579 653 0.88

2017 59 525 584 0.90

Total 707 4008 4715 8.53

The table shows the details about the Degree of Collaboration, which indicate tend in Single and Multiple authors in 2008 – 2017 as shown in table 4. The degree of collaboration ranges from 0.70 to 0.90 and the average degree of collaboration is 8.53. The DC is calculated by using the formula K. Subramanian, 1982;

DC =

DC =

DC = 0.85

In the present study the value of DC is 0.85.

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Table: 5 Relative Growth Rate (RGR) & doubling time

Year No. of Cumulative Log Log RGR Doubling publications No. of (w1) (w2) (W2-0 W1) time publications R(a) 2008 362 362 5.89

2009 377 739 5.89 6.60 0.71 0.98

2010 404 1143 6.60 7.04 0.44 1.57

2011 423 1566 7.04 7.35 0.31 2.23

2012 483 2049 7.35 7.62 0.27 2.57

2013 432 2481 7.62 7.81 0.19 3.65

2014 440 2921 7.81 7.97 0.16 4.33

2015 556 3477 7.97 8.15 0.18 3.85

2016 653 4130 8.15 8.32 0.17 4.08

2017 585 4715 8.32 8.45 0.13 5.33

Total 4715

Table 5 is shown about the Relative Growth Rate and Doubling time. The highest relative growth is 0.71 in the year 2009, and the lowest Relative Growth is 0.13 in the year 2017. The highest Doubling Time is 5.33 in the year 2017, and lowest Doubling Time is 0.98 in the year 2009.

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Table : 6 Block wise scientific productivity

Blocks Total number of publications %

2008-2012 2049 43.46

2013-2017 2666 56.54

Total 4715 100

Average publication per block = 4715/2 = 2357.5

Research output on veterinary medicine in global level during the period 2008-2017 consist of 4715 records with an Average publication per block as 2357.5. It can be observed that there was a steady growth in publications over the study period. The study reveals that both blocks show a healthy publishing trend.

Table: 7 Country wise Distribution of Veterinary Medicine (Top Ten)

S.NO Country Records % TLCS TGCS

1 USA 1249 26.5 731 10911

2 Brazil 416 8.8 94 1732

3 Germany 415 8.8 246 4753

4 UK 344 7.3 244 4016

5 Unknown 269 5.7 49 476

6 Canada 255 5.4 282 2838

7 Italy 225 4.8 113 2374

8 Peoples R China 184 3.9 42 1039

9 Turkey 159 3.4 21 259

10 Poland 147 3.1 15 870

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Others 1052 22.3 133 3732

Total 4715 100 1970 33000

The country-wise distribution of publication output on Veterinary Medicine, The total output observed in the study is 4715 during the period. The analyses bring out the fact that the USA is ranked to be the first and it has given the producing of 1249(26.5%) records on veterinary medicine, and the USA is considered to the most productive country is brought out research. The second rank is occupied by Brazil which has brought out 416(8.8%) publications on veterinary medicine. The third rank to Germany. It has reflected with 415(8.8%) publication output. India ranks to the 24th in order. The output of India is accounted for 51.

Figure: 7.1 Country wise Distribution of Veterinary Medicine (Top Ten)

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Table: 8 Analysis of Ranking of Journals Top 10 Only

S.NO Journal Records % TLCS TGCS

1 Journal of Veterinary Medical Education 225 4.8 212 637 Javma-Journal of The American Veterinary Medical

2 116 2.5 83 491 Association

3 Animal Nutrition 106 2.2 7 71

4 Veterinary Journal 75 1.6 84 1047 Veterinary Clinics of North America-Small Animal

5 74 1.6 43 558 Practice

6 Veterinary Record 68 1.4 23 220

7 BMC 65 1.4 0 275 Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and

8 65 1.4 58 361 Therapeutics

9 Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care 55 1.2 57 512

10 ACTA Scientiae Veterinariae 51 1.1 0 0.00

Others 900 19.2 567 4184

Total 4715 100 1970 33000

One of the bases of the number of publications brought out on veterinary medicine research, the Journals have been ranked. It includes all types of publications published. There have been 225(4.8%) papers published by the Journal of Veterinary Medical Education. Journal of Veterinary Medical Education has published; 212 TLCS, 637 TGCS. It ranked at first place of research output in the field of veterinary medicine. The second position is taken by JAVMA- Journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association which is accented to 116(2.5%) publications of veterinary medicine with 83 TLCS, 491 TGCS. The ANIMAL NUTRITION 106(2.2%) Publications, 7 TLCS, and 71 TGCS are scaled and it stands in the third position of the publication. The last position occupied in the ACTA Scientiae Veterinaries has published 51(1.1%) articles with; 0 TLCS, 0 TGCS scaled on top ten journals.

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Table : 9 Time series Analysis of Single Authored Articles

2 Year No. of. Publications X X XY 2008 81 -4 16 -324 2009 77 -3 9 -231 2010 73 -2 2 -146 2011 71 -1 1 -71 2012 80 0 0 0 2013 57 1 1 57 2014 54 2 2 108 2015 81 3 9 243 2016 74 4 16 296 2017 59 5 25 295 Total 707 81 227

The Straight line equation is applied to arrive at estimates for future under the time series analysis.

Straight Line Y c = a+bX

Since ∑x = 0

Estimated Literature in 2022 is when X = 2022 – 2010 = 12

= 70.7+2.80 x 12 = 882

Estimated Literature in 2025 is when X = 2025 – 2010 = 15

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= 70.7 + 2.80 x 15 = 1102.5

Table : 10 Exponential Growth Rate

S. No Year Total no. of. Papers Exponential Growth Rate

1 2008 362 -

2 2009 377 1.04

3 2010 404 1.07

4 2011 423 1.05

5 2012 483 1.14

6 2013 432 0.89

7 2014 440 1.01

8 2015 556 1.26

9 2016 653 1.17

10 2017 585 0.89

Total 4715 9.52

The above table reveals the exponential growth rate of publication in veterinary medicine. An exponential growth in the number of publications was observed during the study period. The highest growth rate was published in the year 2015 (1.26) followed by the year 2016 (1.17). The study concludes that the overall growth rate was 9.52.

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4. Summary and conclusion

The study deduces the year wise highest number of publications were 653 published in the year 2016. The degree of collaboration indicates in single and multi-authors during 2008 – 2017. The degree of collaboration ranges from 0.70 to 0.90 and the average degree of collaboration is 0.85. Relative Growth Rate and Doubling time are shown about the highest value and lowest value. The highest relative growth is 0.71 in the year 2009, and the lowest relative growth is 0.13 in the year 2017. And then the highest doubling time is 5.33 in the year 2017. And the lowest doubling time is 0.98 in the year 2009. The country-wise “USA” was 1249 records, which we got the first position and followed by the “Brazil” in 416 records. The majority of “JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICAL EDUCATION” was 225 records.

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8. Baran, E. J., Gonzalez-Baro, A. C., & Torre, M. H. (2011). Spectroscopic Characterization of [Cu (L-Lysinato) (2) Cl-2] center dot 2H (2) O. Latin American Journal of Pharmacy, 30(9), 1862-1866. 9. Bokma, B. H., Gibbs, E. P. J., Aguirre, A. A., & Kaplan, B. (2008). A Resolution by the Society for Tropical Veterinary Medicine in Support of “One Health”. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1149(1), 4-8. 10. G.Vasumathi , J.Dhana Sekar (2017), A New Trend In Engine Fuel, International Journal Of Pure And Applied Mathematics, 116 (13), 201-204. 11. Epp, T., & Parker, S. (2009). Factors in foodborne disease control: a brief overview of issues in changing Zoonotic disease transmission and the roles of public health and veterinary professionals. Journal of Agro Medicine, 14(2), 228-234.

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