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Internationalization of Higher Education in Morocco: Progress and Challenges

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Internationalization of Higher Education in Morocco: Progress and Challenges Internationalization of Higher Education in Morocco: Progress and Challenges Prof. Dr. Abdelali Kaaouachi University Mohammed I Oujda-Morocco Outline 1) A Snapshot of the HE system in Morocco 2) Internationalization of HE in Morocco: vision at national level 3) The outbound and Inbound Mobility in Morocco 4) The interationalization of curriculum 5) The presence of foreign providers 6) International partnerships 7) Challenges on the issue of Internationalization of HE in Morocco 2 • Morocco is compared to a tree with its roots in Africa and its branches in Europe (King Hassan II) • Its geographical location facilitates the internationalization of its HES. • So, what are the progress and challenges on the issue of Internationalization of HE in Morocco? 1) A Snapshot of the HE system in Morocco 145 institutions = 61 open-access + 84 limited access Different types of institutions 34 New Institutions in 2020 1 12 Public Univ. Public with private Univ. management Public 5 Univ. 73 Under the tutelage of -ministry of HE Institutions 3 under other - other ministries Engineering ministries Public-Private Schools Partnership Non-profit foundations 163 5 Private Private institutions Univ. Private Profit private initiative Number of students • The period of massification, therefore several challenges 91% 960741 876005 1 million students 3% 6% 35452 49284 Public Public (not Private & Total (Universities) under Private-Public Universities) partnership 2) Internationalization of HE in Morocco: vision at national level ü Equity The Strategic Vision (2015-2030) ü Quality ü Individual and Several objectives: Societal promotion • Facilitate the mobility of student at international level; • Ensure the mobility of Moroccan researchers to internationally; • Call for familiarization with good practices, successful international experiences and international standards; • Develop partnerships and international cooperation; • Strengthen Morocco's positioning in the international system; • Seek the adhesion of Morocco to the internationalization of knowledge; technology and innovation. The Ministry Plan (2018-2022) Axis 6: Development of the international cooperation strategy • Project 1: Focusing and strengthening current cooperation programs with foreign countries • Project 2: Create of new partnerships in the fields of higher education and scientific research • Project 3: Consolidation of the cooperation with the regional environment in the framework of south-south cooperation • Project 4: Strengthening the mobility of Moroccan students and professors The strategic vision (2015-2030) The Ministry plan (2018-2022) Several objectives: Axis 6: Development of the international cooperation strategy • Facilitate the mobility of student at international level; • Project 1: Focusing and Strengthening Current Cooperation Programs with Foreign Countries • Ensure the mobility of Moroccan researchers to internationally; • Project 2: Create of new partnerships in the fields of higher education and scientific research • Call for familiarization with good practices, successful international experiences and international • Project 3: Consolidation of the cooperation with standards; the regional environment in the framework of south-south cooperation • Develop partnerships and international cooperation; • Project 4: Strengthening the mobility of Moroccan • Strengthen Morocco's positioning in the international students and professors system; • Seek the adhesion of Morocco to the internationalization of knowledge; technology and innovation. There is a focus toward internationalization, but without establishing a specific and integrated vision for it. 3) The outbound and Inbound Mobility in Morocco Outbound Mobility • Evolution of the number of mobile students abroad (2002-2017) 56310 52796 51164 49062 45018 47635 43508 43998 40322 42461 2002 2003 2004 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 year Number of students • 51,164 Moroccans study abroad in 2017. • Decrease between 2003 and 2011, Stability between 2011 and 2014, Increase after 2014. • The second country in Africa after Nigeria (85,251) Countries of destination • The first destination of the Moroccan students is France (29,733 students) 29733 Turkey 649 3538 3097 2261 1700 1643 1578 1377 France Ukraine Germany Italy Spain Russian United states Canada federation 10 Factors for students’ choice to study in France: • The french language. • The recognition of the diploma. • The prestige to study in France. • The quality of teaching in France. • The possibility to have student jobs to help finance studies. • The fact of having contacts (friends, family…). 11 Inbound mobility 20121 20410 17029 14220 15384 9950 7598 7921 8604 6049 7029 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 year Number of students • Morocco has cater 20,410 students in 2018. • There is a significant growth between 2006 and 2018. 12 • Foreign students by Country of origin 14,028 subsaharienne 2343 students (68%) 1344 1337 1217 1150 1104 921 Mali Cote d’ivoire Guinea Congo Mauritania Gabon Senegal Reasons for Morocco to become the most favored destination for African Students • The availability of scholarship: The « Agence Marocaine de Cooperation Internationale » awards grants to students (95% of them received a scholarship). • The presence of more international branch campuses of foreign universities and schools. • The low tuition fees. • The lower living costs than other countries. • Less bureaucracy to obtain a visa than for European and American countries. • Geographical location of Morocco. • Accommodations offer (places in university residences & international student accommodation in Rabat). • Presence of policies and framework to guide their integration in moroccan society (in accordance with constitution and international commitments). 14 4) The interationalization of curriculum • The adoption of LMD system (since 2003). This system will be gradually replaced by the Bachelor system (from september 2020). • The process underway to integrate the ECTS system. • Focus toward the 21st Century skills (the first year of the new system). • Focus toward foreign languages. • Introduction of e-learning and promotion of foreign MOOCs, those of French and American universities. • The establishment of a quality assurance system which aligns with international standards. 5) The presence of foreign providers Implementation of a new type of institutions of higher education (universities and institutions with partnership): • International University of Rabat ; • Euro-Mediterranean University of Fez : the French School Group of Engineering Schools INSA, Polytechnic University of Catalonia, Porto University in Portugal and Polytechnic University of Turin (Italy) • Mohammed VI Polytechnic University in Benguerir : MIT in the United States and Mines ParisTech; • Mohammed VI University of Health Sciences - Casablanca; • Abulcasis International University of Health Sciences - Rabat; • INSA International; • The Ecole Centrale of Casablanca: Ecole Centrale of Paris. ; • International Institute of Technology: IUT – France, IUT International; • Mediterranean Institute of Logistics and Transport in Tetouan: Ecole des ponts ParisTech 6) International partnerships • Cooperation with several countries and international organizations: European, American, African, Arab and Asian. • Cooperation agreements: More than 700 agreements concluded between Moroccan universities and their foreign counterparts (65% with francophone universities). • Active participation of Moroccan universities in calls for projects in training and research (Erasmus +, H2020 ...). Results • Mobility of students, professors and staff. • Development of double degrees and co-supervised thesis. • 50% of indexed publications are produced with foreign researchers. • Involvement in international research projects. • Development of a national cooperation management platform (Projects, agreements and conventions, Foreign students and mobility, reporting, etc.) Results for ERASMUS+ International Credit Mobility (ICM) • 3960 mobility (1151 incoming, 2809 outgoing). • The 2nd partner in the Southern Mediterranean region and the 8th/135 in the world. Capacity Building of Higher Education (CBHE) • 37 projects. • The 2nd partner in the South Mediterranean region. Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degree (EMJMD) • 5 projects. 7) Challenges on the issue of Internationalization of HE in Morocco • Establish guidelines for developing and implementing a coherent and integrated internationalization strategy. • Introduce internationalization dimension in the implementation of the actual strategic vision of HES. • Seek the manner of integration of foreign languages for instruction in higher education. • Seek the manner of integration of the 21st Century skills in higher education. • Evaluate cooperation projects and disseminate the achievements of these projects while preserving their continuity in time. 19 Thank you for your attention E-mail: [email protected] 20.
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