“Jerry” Morris
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Physical Activity and Longevity: How to Move Closer to Causal Inference
BJSM Online First, published on March 15, 2018 as 10.1136/bjsports-2017-098995 Editorial Br J Sports Med: first published as 10.1136/bjsports-2017-098995 on 15 March 2018. Downloaded from rather than self-reported, retrospec- Physical activity and longevity: how to tive PA in a large sample may provide a more precise predictor of mortality.7 move closer to causal inference Furthermore, inadequate measurement, limited knowledge or poor adjustment for Kaitlin H Wade, Rebecca C Richmond, George Davey Smith confounding variables, such as smoking status in the setting of physical activity and mortality, can severely bias observed Kujala provides an insightful review confounding by baseline adiposity biased associations. contesting epidemiological findings that findings that bus conductors had lower As presented by Kujala, RCTs, the increased physical activity (PA) lengthens risk of coronary heart disease than their gold standard in epidemiology for infer- 1 the life span, arguing that intervention less-active driver counterparts (although ring causality, have failed to provide (randomised controlled trial (RCT) and this issue was acknowledged by Morris conclusive evidence in this context (eg, experimental) studies do not support PA who performed analysis stratified by the Lifestyle Interventions and Independence causing a reduced risk of death and high- busmen’s uniform size to account for for Elders,8 Look Action for Health in 3 lighting several limitations in previous potential confounding by adiposity). Diabetes,9 Heart Failure: A Controlled -
OBITUARIES for the Full Versions of Articles in This Section See Bmj.Com
OBITUARIES For the full versions of articles in this section see bmj.com breaking textbook, Uses of Epidemiology (1957). Jeremy Morris He founded a masters course in social medicine to train the new breed of public health doctors that the Epidemiologist who showed the health benefits of exercise government had founded under his influence. One of the first students, Sir Iain Chalmers, said, “It was By comparing bus conductors with bus drivers and but said that if he must have one, he wanted special in a number of ways, but I’ll single out just postmen with sorting office staff the epidemiologist Morris. In the 1930s Morris investigated juvenile two. Firstly, our teachers encouraged us to challenge Jerry Morris showed that exercise prevented heart rheumatism, which mainly affected poor people. them to provide evidence for their assertions; that attacks. He also showed the relationship between After a year’s general practice in Nottingham was really liberating. Secondly, the teaching was deprivation and infant mortality. In old age he did he became assistant medical shared between the London equally careful research to determine the income officer for Hendon and Harrow, School of Hygiene and the that elderly people need to remain healthy. He and two years later, in 1941, London School of Economics, was awarded a CBE, though not the knighthood joined the army. He was the first which meant that a bunch of that many colleagues thought he deserved. He person to use penicillin in India medically qualified misfits were was a spectacular practitioner of his own research in a hospital that he established exposed to Brian Abel-Smith, findings, walking, running, or swimming until his in the Assam swamps; there, John Westergaard, Hilary Rose, death from pneumonia aged 99. -
Public Health the Vision and the Challenge
THE ROCK CARLING FELLOWSHIP 1997 Public Health The vision and the challenge THE ROCK CARLING FELLOWSHIP 1997 PUBLIC HEALTH The vision and the challenge The pursuit of public health can have no finality... The problems of public health are changing rapidly with increasing medical knowledge and changes in social and economic conditions, the age distribution of the population and the outlook of the people. Sixth Annual Report of the Department of Health for Scotland 1934 Walter W Holland CBE, FRCP, FFPHM LSE Health, London School of Economics and Political Science London AND Susie Stewart DL, MA, HON MFPHM Department of Public Health, University of Glasgow Glasgow Published by The Nuffield Trust 59 New Cavendish Street, London WIM 7RD ISBN 1-902089-10-3 © Nuffield Trust 1998 Publications Committee Sir Derek Mitchell, KCB, cvo Professor John Ledingham, DM, FRCP John Wyn Owen, CB Designed by Benjamin Rowntree Reports Limited PRINTED IN GREAT BRITAIN BY BIDDLES & CO The Rock Carling Fellowship commemorates the late Sir Ernest Rock Carling for many years a governing Trustee and Chairman of the Medical Advisory Committee of the Nuffield Provincial Hospitals Trust. It was stipulated that each holder of the Fellowship will seek to review in a monograph the state of knowledge and activity in one of the fields in which Sir Ernest had been particularly interested, and which is within the purposes of the Trust. The arrangements provide that the monograph will be introduced by a public lecture given at a recognised Medical Teaching Centre in the United -
Jerry Morris Memorial Conference
public health 125 (2011) 172e173 available at www.sciencedirect.com Public Health journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/puhe Celebrating Public Health Lives Jerry Morris memorial conference Jerry Morris, as readers of this journal will know, had remembered but Donaldson also drew attention to his impact a profound influence on post war public health. His work on through Tomorrow’s Community Physician on public health exercise is well known and his research with the social stat- practice; his concern for the empowerment of the citizen and istician Richard Titmuss, helped develop social medicine the patient; his influence on a national health strategy, where ideas and bring research to bear on them. From the 1962 Royal the work of the Black committee helped inform the Labour College of Physicians first report on smoking to the 1970 Black government’s recent work on health and inequality. Finally he Report on inequalities in health, Jerry was a member of key drew attention to his consistency of purpose e he persisted in post war public health committees. His concept of the his research and aims, believing that eventually a break- community physician lay behind the reorientation of public through and change would be achieved. health and its relocation from local government to NHS in the Professor Alan Maryon Davies, President of the Faculty of 1970s. He was a key player in the foundation of the Faculty of Public Health, spoke of Jerry’s role in the foundation of that Community Medicine and was an adviser to Labour govern- institution. The idea originated in a dinner held at the London ments in the 1960s and 70s. -
Post–Modern Epidemiology: When Methods Meet Matter
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Public Health Resources Public Health Resources 8-2019 Post–Modern Epidemiology: When Methods Meet Matter George Davey Smith University of Bristol Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/publichealthresources Part of the Epidemiology Commons, and the Philosophy of Science Commons Smith, George Davey, "Post–Modern Epidemiology: When Methods Meet Matter" (2019). Public Health Resources. 558. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/publichealthresources/558 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Public Health Resources at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Public Health Resources by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. American Journal of Epidemiology Vol. 188, No. 8 © The Author(s) 2019. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwz064 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons. org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is Advance Access publication: properly cited. March 16, 2019 Commentary Post–Modern Epidemiology: When Methods Meet Matter George Davey Smith* Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/aje/article-abstract/188/8/1410/5381900 by guest on 06 April 2020 * Correspondence to George Davey Smith, MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Clifton Bristol, UK BS8 2BN (e-mail: [email protected]). Initially submitted January 28, 2019; accepted for publication February 26, 2019. -
Jeremy Noah Morris: El Hombre Que Descubrió El Ejercicio
REVISTA INTERNACIONAL DE CIENCIAS DEL DEPORTE International Journal of Sport Science doi:10.5232/ricyde2011.022 International Journal of Sport Science Volumen VII - Año VII SEMBLANZA Páginas: 72-73 ISSN:1885-3137 Nº 22 - Enero - 2011 Jeremy Noah Morris: el hombre que descubrió el ejercicio. Adolfo Aracil Marco y Manuel Moya Ramón El Londres de la posguerra mundial y del comienzo de la genética, para explicar esta relación; c) la búsqueda de los Guerra Fría no parece “a priori” el escenario más propicio mecanismos biológicos implicados en dicha relación; y d) para que se pudiera demostrar, por primera vez, el impacto los modos de implementar en la sociedad programas de que tiene sobre la salud humana la práctica regular de activi- práctica física sostenidos y sostenibles en el tiempo. Una dad física. Pero la excepcionalidad tiene una tendencia natu- auténtica excepcionalidad si tenemos en cuenta los medios ral a manifestarse, independientemente de las circunstancias. con los que se contaba en aquellos momentos, la hipótesis Tal vez esto explique el caso de Jeremy Noah Morris. tan novedosa (que fue acogida con escepticismo por la comunidad científica) y que para demostrarla invirtió cerca Jeremy Morris (“Jerry”, como se le conocía de modo más de diez años (algo impensable en nuestros días). Por poner informal) nació en Liverpool, un 6 de mayo de 1910, en el un único dato, el número de artículos publicados sobre la seno de una familia de inmigrantes judíos de origen polaco relación de la actividad física con la salud pasó de ninguno (Watts, 2010), que tomó el apellido Morris del capitán del antes de 1950 a cerca de setenta y cinco mil en la última barco en el que llegaron a Liverpool (Oakley, 2010). -
The Uses of Maternal Distress in British Society, C.1948-1979
The Uses of Maternal Distress in British Society, c.1948-1979 Sarah Crook A thesis submitted to Queen Mary University of London, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History School of History 1 ABSTRACT After the Second World War mothering became an object of social, political, medical and psychiatric investigation. These investigations would in turn serve as the bases for new campaigns around the practice, meaning and significance of maternity. This brought attention to mothers’ emotional repertoires, and particularly their experiences of distress. In this thesis I interrogate the use of maternal distress, asking how and why maternal distress was made visible by professions, institutions and social movements in postwar Britain. To address this I investigate how maternal mental health was constituted both as an object of clinical interrogation and used as evidence of the need for reform. Social and medical studies were used to develop and circulate ideas about the causes and prevalence of distress, making possible a new series of interventions: the need for more information about users of the health care service, an enhanced interest in disorders at the milder end of the psychiatric ‘spectrum’, and raised expectations of health. I argue that the approaches of those studying maternal distress were shaped by their particular agendas. General practitioners, psychiatrists, activists in the Women’s Liberation Movement, clinicians interested in child abuse and social scientists, sought to understand and explain mothers’ emotions. These involvements were shaped by the foundation of the National Health Service in 1948 and the crystallization of support for alternative forms of care into self-help groups by 1979. -
THE POLICY RESPONSE to the SMOKING and LUNG CANCER CONNECTION in the 1950Sand1960s*
The Historical Journal, 49, 4 (2006), pp. 1185–1209 f 2006 Cambridge University Press doi:10.1017/S0018246X06005784 Printed in the United Kingdom THE POLICY RESPONSE TO THE SMOKING AND LUNG CANCER CONNECTION IN THE 1950sAND1960s* VIRGINIA BERRIDGE London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, University of London ABSTRACT. A key current concern is how scientific knowledge may inform policy in relation to major environmental and health concerns. There are distinct schools of analysis about this relationship between science and policy. They stress rational relationships; denial and delay; or the role of networks. History is important in modifying such perspectives: smoking policy in the 1950s and 1960s is the case study here. The initial response in the 1950s to the link between smoking and lung cancer was in part conditioned by the role of the tobacco industry and the financial importance of tobacco: the British tobacco industry had closer relationships with government than the American one, and did not rely on public relations. Public health interests worked with the industry. But politicians were concerned also about the fluidity of the epidemio- logical evidence; the dangers of stirring up further pressure over air pollution; the financial and ideological implications of health education and its location; and the electoral dangers of intervening in a popular mass habit. In the 1960s the British and American medical reports stimulated the growth of a public health ‘policy community’. The initial political considerations began to weaken and these years marked the beginning of a new style of public health. I A key current concern is how scientific knowledge may inform policy in relation to major environmental and health concerns. -
Epidemiology, Social Medicine and Public Health
Epidemiology, Social Medicine and Public Health edited by: Virginia Berridge and Suzanne Taylor Centre for History in Public Health London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine Epidemiology, Social Medicine and Public Health Centre for History in Public Health London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine Published in association with the CCBH Witness Seminar Programme © Centre for History in Public Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine All rights reserved. This material is made available for use for personal research and study. We give permission for the entire files to be downloaded to your computer for such personal use only. For reproduction or further distribution of all or part of the file (except as constitutes fair dealing), per- mission must be sought from the copyright holder. Published by Centre for History in Public Health London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine Centre for Contemporary British History Institute of Historical Research School of Advanced Study University of London ISBN: 1 905165 03 X Epidemiology, Social Medicine and Public Health Held 21 July 2000 at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine Seminar chaired by Professor James McEwan Edited by Virginia Berridge and Suzanne Taylor Centre for History in Public Health London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine Contents Contributors 9 Citation Guidance 13 Further Reading 15 Epidemiology, Social Medicine and Public Health, transcript of seminar: 17 edited by Virginia Berridge and Suzanne Taylor Contributors Editors: PROFESSOR VIRGINIA Centre for History in Public Health, London School of Hygiene BERRIDGE & Tropical Medicine. SUZANNE TAYLOR Centre for History in Public Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine. Chair: PROFESSOR JAMES Emeritus Professor of Public Health, University of Glasgow. -
Redalyc.Jeremy Noah Morris: El Hombre Que Descubrió El Ejercicio
RICYDE. Revista Internacional de Ciencias del Deporte ISSN: 1885-3137 [email protected] Editorial: Ramón Cantó Alcaraz España Aracil Marco, Adolfo; Moya Ramón, Manuel Jeremy Noah Morris: el hombre que descubrió el ejercicio RICYDE. Revista Internacional de Ciencias del Deporte, vol. VII, núm. 22, enero, 2011, pp. 72-73 Editorial: Ramón Cantó Alcaraz Madrid, España Disponible en: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=71016237008 Cómo citar el artículo Número completo Sistema de Información Científica Más información del artículo Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina, el Caribe, España y Portugal Página de la revista en redalyc.org Proyecto académico sin fines de lucro, desarrollado bajo la iniciativa de acceso abierto REVISTA INTERNACIONAL DE CIENCIAS DEL DEPORTE International Journal of Sport Science doi:10.5232/ricyde2011.022 International Journal of Sport Science Volumen VII - Año VII Páginas: 72-73 ISSN:1 8 8 5 - 3 1 3 7 SEMBLANZA Nº 22 - Enero - 2011 Jeremy Noah Morris: el hombre que descubrió el ejercicio. Adolfo Aracil Marco y Manuel Moya Ramón El Londres de la posguerra mundial y del comienzo de la genética, para explicar esta relación; c) la búsqueda de los Guerra Fría no parece “a priori” el escenario más propicio mecanismos biológicos implicados en dicha relación; y d) para que se pudiera demostrar, por primera vez, el impacto los modos de implementar en la sociedad programas de que tiene sobre la salud humana la práctica regular de activi- práctica física sostenidos y sostenibles en el tiempo. Una dad física. Pero la excepcionalidad tiene una tendencia natu- auténtica excepcionalidad si tenemos en cuenta los medios ral a manifestarse, independientemente de las circunstancias. -
Origins and Early History of the Society for Social Medicine in the UK and Ireland J Pemberton
342 J Epidemiol Community Health: first published as 10.1136/jech.56.5.342 on 1 May 2002. Downloaded from PUBLIC HEALTH POLICY AND PRACTICE Origins and early history of the Society for Social Medicine in the UK and Ireland J Pemberton ............................................................................................................................. J Epidemiol Community Health 2002;56:342–346 This is a personal account of my recollections of the men took part in “hunger marches” from the origins and early history of the Society for Social north of England to the Houses of Parliament carrying banners saying “We march against star- Medicine. Others may have different views of the vation” it is remarkable that the medical profes- significance of the events described or of the sion, with a few exceptions, was not more contributions of those concerned with its beginnings. concerned about the effects of poverty on health. John (later Lord) Boyd Orr was one doctor who .......................................................................... was concerned and who made his voice heard on the radio and in his classic book Food, Health and NEGLECT OF SOCIAL FACTORS IN Income published in 1936.1 In this he reported a TRAINING OF DOCTORS IN THE 1930s survey that showed that a large proportion of the The term social medicine was almost unknown to population was not getting enough food for those of us who qualified in the UK before the health and growth. Another distinguished doctor, second world war. It had, however, been used ear- James Spence (later Sir James and professor of lier in a few European medical schools. For exam- Child Health in Newcastle University), had ple, Andrija Stampar,* later to become one of the shown in 1934 that the children he saw as private founders of the World Health Organisation, had patients were taller and heavier and had higher been appointed Professor of Social Medicine in concentrations of haemoglobin in their blood 2 Zagreb University in 1931. -
Adam Oliver Reflections on the Development of Health Inequalities
Working paper No: 11/2008 October 2008 LSE Health Adam Oliver Reflections on the Development of Health Inequalities Policy in the United Kingdom Reflections on the Development of Health Inequalities Policy in the United Kingdom Adam Oliver London School of Economics and Political Science Working paper No. 11/2008 First published in October 2008 by: LSE Health The London School of Economics and Political Science Houghton Street London WC2A 2AE © 2008 Adam Oliver All rights reserved. No part of this paper may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieve system, without permission in writing from the publishers. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this publication is available from the British Library ISBN [978-0-85328-004-0] Corresponding Author Adam Oliver LSE Health London School of Economics and Political Science Houghton Street London WC2A 2AE E-mail: [email protected] Acknowledgements I would like to thank Colleen Flood, Tom Foubister, Julian Le Grand and, in particular, Peter Townsend and Jerry Morris for their excellent comments on earlier versions of this discussion paper. 2 Contents Abstract............................................................................................................................... 4 1. Introduction....................................................................................................................