HoseHose OperationsOperations
LynbrookLynbrook FireFire DepartmentDepartment TrainingTraining CommitteeCommittee Introduction
Q TypesTypes andand sizessizes ofof FireFire HoseHose Q BasicBasic EngineEngine OperationOperation Q HoseHose EvolutionsEvolutions Q HoseHose HandlingHandling Q WaterWater FlowFlow (Volume)(Volume) Q ReachReach Vocabulary
Q VolumeVolume Q ReachReach Q PressurePressure Q LDHLDH Q SingleSingle JacketJacket Q FrictionFriction LossLoss Q DoubleDouble JacketJacket Q SolidSolid BoreBore NozzleNozzle Q OperatingOperating PressurePressure Q FogFog NozzleNozzle Basics of Fire Hose
Q NFPANFPA 19611961-- StandardStandard onon FireFire HoseHose Q LargerLarger diameterdiameter hosehose cancan carrycarry moremore waterwater atat lowerlower pressurespressures Q SmallerSmaller diameterdiameter hosehose carrycarry lessless waterwater andand requirerequire higherhigher pressurepressure Types and Sizes of Fire Hose
Q SuctionSuction HoseHose ) 5” or in some cases 6” Q AttackAttack HoseHose ) 1” Booster Line ) 1 3/4” ) 2 1/2” Q SupplySupply HoseHose ) 3” ) 5” Engine Operations
Q MoveMove waterwater throughthrough hosehose lineslines fromfrom aa sourcesource ofof supplysupply toto thethe firefire X Hydrant X Another Engine X Body of Water ) Ocean ) Lakes, Streams ) Pools Q IncreaseIncrease pressurepressure asas necessarynecessary toto provideprovide properproper nozzlenozzle pressurepressure toto fightfight thethe firefire Suction Hose- Hard Suction
Q HoseHose thatthat isis designeddesigned toto preventprevent collapsecollapse underunder vacuumvacuum conditionsconditions soso thatthat itit cancan bebe usedused forfor draftingdrafting waterwater fromfrom belowbelow thethe pumppump (lakes,(lakes, rivers,rivers, wells,wells, etc.).etc.). Attack Hose
Q HoseHose designeddesigned toto bebe usedused byby trainedtrained firefire fightersfighters andand firefire brigadebrigade membersmembers toto combatcombat firesfires beyondbeyond thethe incipientincipient stagestage
Q AttackAttack hosehose shallshall havehave aa minimumminimum designdesign operatingoperating testtest pressurepressure ofof 275275 psipsi
X 1”1” BoosterBooster LineLine X 11 3/4”3/4” hosehose X 22 1/2”1/2” hosehose Attack Hose- 1” Booster Line
Q RubberRubber HoseHose X UsedUsed forfor Rubbish,Rubbish, Brush,Brush, WashdownsWashdowns X RequiresRequires HighHigh PressurePressure (approx.(approx. 200200 psipsi)) X DeliversDelivers lowlow volumevolume (approx.(approx. 5050 gpm)gpm) X HighlyHighly mobilemobile-- cancan bebe handledhandled byby 11 firefighterfirefighter X UsesUses aa fogfog typetype nozzlenozzle Source: Portsmouth, Va. FD Attack Hose- 1 3/4”
X PrimaryPrimary AttackAttack LineLine forfor HouseHouse FiresFires andand VehicleVehicle FiresFires X DoubleDouble JacketedJacketed-- ) 275 psi max. operating pressure X CanCan bebe operatedoperated byby 22--33 firefightersfirefighters X CanCan deliverdeliver 140140-- 200200 gpmgpm X WorkingWorking pressurepressure andand volumevolume variesvaries withwith nozzlenozzle typetype X UsedUsed withwith bothboth solidsolid borebore andand fogfog typetype nozzlesnozzles Attack Hose- 2 1/2”
X PrimaryPrimary attackattack lineline inin CommercialCommercial BuildingsBuildings X UsedUsed toto backback upup 11 3/4”3/4” lineslines X DoubleDouble JacketedJacketed ) 275 psi max. operating pressure X NeedsNeeds 33--44 oror moremore firefightersfirefighters toto operateoperate X DeliversDelivers highhigh volumevolume ofof waterwater (200(200-- 300300 gpm)gpm) X RelativelyRelatively difficultdifficult toto operate,operate, especiallyespecially inin tighttight spacesspaces X UsuallyUsually usedused withwith aa solidsolid borebore nozzlenozzle Friction Loss
Q ““RuleRule ofof Thumb”Thumb” HydraulicsHydraulics Q 11 3/4”3/4” HoseHose-- 1515 lbs.lbs. frictionfriction lossloss perper 5050 ft.ft. Q 22 1/2”1/2” HoseHose-- 55 lbs.lbs. frictionfriction lossloss perper 5050 ft.ft. Q OptimalOptimal FogFog NozzleNozzle pressurepressure isis 100100 PSIPSI Q OptimalOptimal SolidSolid borebore NozzleNozzle pressurepressure isis 6060 PSIPSI Flow Chart- Automatic Fog Nozzle vs. Solid Bore Nozzle
250 ft. 1 ¾” 250 ft. 2 ½” Nozzle Pressure 100 psi 140 gpm 200 gpm 60 psi 202 gpm 291 gpm
Source: Task Force Tips, Inc. Supply Hose
Q UsedUsed toto supplysupply anan engineengine oror towertower ladderladder withwith waterwater fromfrom aa hydranthydrant oror anotheranother engineengine Q SizesSizes X 3”3” X 5”5” Supply Hose- 3”
X DoubleDouble JacketedJacketed-- ) 275 psi max. operating pressure X UsedUsed toto supplysupply anan EngineEngine fromfrom thethe hydranthydrant X UsedUsed toto supplysupply anan EngineEngine fromfrom anotheranother EngineEngine (in(in--lineline pumping)pumping) X CanCan supplysupply upup toto 600600 gpmgpm atat 150150 psipsi atat aa distancedistance ofof 400400 ft.ft. X WillWill requirerequire aa “double“double lay”lay” forfor longerlonger distancesdistances oror greatergreater volumesvolumes Supply Hose- 5”
X SingleSingle JacketedJacketed ) 185 psi max. operating pressure X UsedUsed toto supplysupply anan EngineEngine fromfrom thethe hydranthydrant X MayMay bebe usedused toto supplysupply anan EngineEngine fromfrom anotheranother EngineEngine (in(in--lineline pumping)pumping) X CanCan supplysupply 10001000 gpmgpm atat 6060 psipsi (hydrant(hydrant pressure)pressure) atat distancesdistances upup toto 10001000 ft.ft. X DiffcultDiffcult toto movemove whenwhen chargedcharged Water Weight 1000 985
800 1 3/4" (50 ft.)
3" (50 ft.) 600
5" (100 ft.) 400
180 200 67
0 T otal Weight with Water (lbs./length) Flow Comparison 3” & 5” Hose
Hose Pressure Volume Distance
3” 60 PSI 350 GPM 400 ft. (Hydrant Pressure)
5” 60 PSI 1500 GPM 400 ft. (Hydrant Pressure)
Source: Angus Fire - Hose Calc Summary
Q HoseHose diameterdiameter isis thethe mostmost importantimportant factorfactor inin determiningdetermining volumevolume ofof waterwater delivereddelivered Q TheThe optimumoptimum pressurepressure changeschanges withwith thethe diameterdiameter ofof thethe lineline -- lowerlower pressurepressure isis requiredrequired inin largerlarger lineslines toto movemove aa givengiven amountamount ofof waterwater Q AttackAttack lineslines areare BoosterBooster Lines,Lines, 11 3/4”,3/4”, 22 1/2”1/2” Q SupplySupply LinesLines areare 3”3” andand 5”5” Sources
Q NationalNational FireFire ProtectionProtection AssociationAssociation X www.nfpa.orgwww.nfpa.org Q U.S.U.S. FireFire AdministrationAdministration X www.usfa.fema.govwww.usfa.fema.gov// Q TaskTask ForceForce Tips,Tips, Inc.Inc. X www.tft.comwww.tft.com Q AngusAngus FireFire X www.angusfire.co.ukwww.angusfire.co.uk//