FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

Dr Punita Manik Professor Department of Anatomy K G’s Medical University U P Lucknow Female Reproductive System

• • Uterine tube • • Ovary

• Germinal • Cortex • Medulla Ovary

• Germinal Epithelium - cuboidal cells - Tunica albuginea • Cortex -Primordial follicle -Primary follicle -Secondary(antral) follicle -Mature(Graafian) follicle -Atretic follicle - -

• Medulla - Connective tissue - Vessels Ovary

Ovary Ovary

High Power of Ovarian Follicles

Primary Follicle Primary Follicle

Primary Follicle Primary Follicle Primary Follicle Secondary Follicle Secondary Follicle Secondary Follicle in a late stage of developement Maturing Follicle

Mature Follicle Mature Follicle Mature Follicle

Collapsed follicle undergoes Luteinization Cells: 2 Types 1.Granulosa lutein cells-large derived from granulosa cells 2. Theca lutein cells- smaller, derived from cells of Corpus Luteum

Highly vasculari zed structure Luteal Cells

Cells- Increase in size Filled with lipid droplets Lipochrome pigment – yellow appearance Luteal Cells Corpora Lutea

Secretes Corpus Luteum

Fallopian Tube Uterine tube

• Mucosa • -branching, irregular folds • Epithelium • Ciliated columnar and Non ciliated secretary cells (PEG CELLS) • Lamina propria • Muscle layer • Inner circular • Outer longitudinal • Serosa Uterine tube Uterine Tube

Branching Folds Provide nutrition for the fertilized ovum from all sides Uterine Tube

Branching irregular folds fill the lumen of the tube Uterine Tube

Uterine Tube Epithelium

Below epithelium lies Lamina Propria

Factors helping in transport of Ovum Cilia of the epithelial cells Rhythmic contraction of the Muscle Layer Uterine Tube Epithelium Uterine Tube Ovary, Fimbria, Oviduct

https://secure.health.utas.edu.au/intranet/c ds/cam202/Images/92ax100d.jpg Uterus • ((Peritomiun) -serous coat of

• (muscles) -ill-defined three layers of smooth muscles - Inner and outer- longitudinal - Middle circular (stratum vasculare)

• (Mucosa) Epithelium -simple columnar cells Lamina propria - Uterine glands -Vessels - Basal arteries -Spiral arteries Uterus Uterus

Uterine Endometrium & Myometrium Stratum functionalis - Stratum compactum -Stratum songiosum Stratum basalis

Cyclical changes in Endometrium Uterus- Proliferative Phase

• Increased mitotic activity of the Connective tissue in the Lamina Propria • Increase mititic activity in the basal remanants of the uterine glands in the basal layer of the endometrium Uterine Endometrium Proliferative Phase • Rapid growth and development of Endometrium • Glands: proliferate, thicken, Become closely packed • Spiral arteries begin to grow,show slight coiling Secretory Phase 1.Odematous endometrium 2.Tortuous uterine glands 3.Glands filled with Secretion rich in glycogen 4.Spiral arteries also lengthen, more coiled, reach to the surface of endometrium Secretory Phase • Hypertrophy of Glandular epithelium

• Increased Vascularity

• Edema(Fluid retention) in endometrium Secretory Phase

Endometrium – Menstrual Phase

•Blood vessels: Rupture •Function part of the endometri um is shed as menstrual flow Uterus Endometrium- Secretory Phase Vagina

• Fibromuscular elastic thin-walled tube • Provides passageway for delivery of baby, for menstrual flow and for delivery of semen (and sperm) to uterine tube. • 3 Layers • Mucosa • Muscle Layer • Adventitia/ Fibrous coat Vagina • Mucosa -Epithelium Stratified squamous -Lamina propria No glands • Muscle layer - ill-defined layers of smooth muscles -Inner -circular -outer- longitudinal Intermixed with ELASTIC FIBRES • Adventitia Vagina • Epithelium : very thick • May show partial keratinization Vagina:Stratified Squamous Epithelium (High Power)

Under the influence of oestrogen in the preovulatory phase, there is synthesis and accumulation of glycogen in the cells of epithelium. Vagina Vagina Vagina

Elastic fibres present in the Lamina propria and in the muscle layer allows elongation and distention of vagina Vagina

• Secretion in vagina- transudation and from Cervical mucous glands • Bacteria in vagina: Dooderlein’s bacilli anerobically metabolize glycogen to lactic acid , pH of vagina is acidic. (prevents infection). PAP SMEAR

• Microscopic Examination of cells collected(Scrapped) from vaginal and cervical mucosae • Valuable diagnostic information about Cervical cancer • Caused by certain types of human papillomavirus (HPV) MCQ

Primordial Follicle in section is identified by 1. 2. Single layer of flattened follicular cells 3. Theca Folliculi 4. Antrum Folliculi

ANSWER 2 MCQ

Uterine tube is lined by 1.Simple cubodal 2. Simple columnar 3.Pseudostratified ciliated columnar 4.Simple columnar ciliated

Answer 4 MCQ

Secretory phase of endometrium is characterized by the presence of 1.Odematous endometrium 2.Tortuous uterine glands 3.Secretion rich in glycogen 4. All of the above

Answer 4 MCQ

The secretion found in vagina comes from glands present in 1. Vaginal wall only 2. Fornix of vagina only 3. of uterus only 4. Both vagina and Cervix

Answer 3 MCQ

Granulosa lutein cells of corpus luteum secrete 1. Luteinizing hormone 2. Oestrogen 3. Progesterone 4. Chorionic gonadotrophin

Answer 3