Mustafa Adebayo Balogun - Wikipedia
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Political Economy of Policing in Nigeria
International Journal of Innovative Social Sciences & Humanities Research 7(4):113-127, Oct.-Dec., 2019 © SEAHI PUBLICATIONS, 2019 www.seahipaj.org ISSN: 2354-2926 © SEAHI PUBLICATIONS, 2018 www.seahipaj.org ISSN: 2354-2926 Political Economy of Policing In Nigeria 1Uche Eme-Uche (Ph.D.); 2Chigozie Ifekwe Okonkwo & 3Ugwu Kenneth Sunday 1Department of Political Science, Evangel University, Akaeze, Ebonyi State, Nigeria [email protected] 2Institute of African Studies/Department of Political Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria [email protected] 3Department of Political Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria Email: [email protected] ABSTRACT The study places recent trends in policing in Nigeria into an historical context, emphasizing the critical importance of political, economic and social forces on the formation and development of police institutions and practices. Specifically, the study describes two major developments in policing in relation to the Nigeria political economy: colonial and post-colonial policing. Each of these developments has unique characteristics. At the same time, each retains certain structural imperatives which transcend the particulars and ultimately tend to preserve the police as front-line defenders of the status quo. Using the Marxist political economy framework of analyses, the study contributes to a better understanding of police as an agent through which the character of a government and political system may be assessed. The central premise of the framework is that the economic structure of a society determines the character of the superstructure, which includes policing. While adopting qualitative research design, data was sourced from secondary materials like books, journals, magazines and internet. Accordingly, the study recommends the need to reform the deplorable architectural state of service in Nigeria police to enable them meet up their constitutional obligation of securing life and property of the people. -
(EFCC) ALONG LEADERSHIP REGIMES in NIGERIA Umar, Hassan Sa’Id Department of Public Administration, University of Abuja, Nigeria
Global Journal of Political Science and Administration Vol.3, No.3, pp.1-9, July 2015 ___Published by European Centre for Research Training and Development UK (www.eajournals.org) AN ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENTIAL PERFORMANCES OF THE ECONOMIC AND FINANCIAL CRIMES COMMISSION (EFCC) ALONG LEADERSHIP REGIMES IN NIGERIA Umar, Hassan Sa’id Department of Public Administration, University of Abuja, Nigeria ABSTRACT: One of the greatest enemies of human growth and societal development is corruption. More worrisome is when there is manifestly a deliberate failure to get rid of its spread and existence. This research is a survey type that assessed the perception of Nigerians on possible differential performance of EFCC along leadership regimes. This research is an extraction of a Ph.D thesis that explored both primary and secondary data. The theory of prismatic society provided a frame work for the analysis. The study reveals a differential perception on the performance of the EFCC along leadership regimes. It also shows that president Olusegun (1999-2007) is favorably higher in ranking in the fight against corruption than the YarAdua regime with Goodluck’s administration at lowest ebb of the score. The research concludes that the premise for this leadership cocksureness is the vacuum created by weak institution of governance. This vacuum provides an avenue for tendentious attitudes and despotic inclination to governance. The study recommends inter alia; a need for virile institutions of governance, political culture of discipline and leadership consciousness and conscious national agenda. KEYWORDS: Corruption, Leadership, Performance, Regime, Anticorruption INTRODUCTION The political administration system in Nigeria is said to have been largely influenced by the leadership qualities and disposition of the political head, elected or otherwise. -
2002 Released by the Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor March 31, 2003
Nigeria Page 1 of 27 Nigeria Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 2002 Released by the Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor March 31, 2003 Nigeria is a federal republic composed of 36 states and a capital territory, with an elected president and a bicameral legislature. In May 1999, President Olusegun Obasanjo of the Peoples Democratic Party (PDP) was inaugurated to a 4-year term after winning elections in February 1999 that were marred by fraud and irregularities perpetrated by all contesting parties. However, most observers agreed the elections reflected the will of the majority of voters. These elections marked the end of 16 years of military-led regimes. The Constitution provides for an independent judiciary. Although the judicial branch remained susceptible to executive and legislative branch pressures, the performance of the Supreme Court and decisions at the federal appellate level were indicative of growing independence. State and local judiciary were influenced by political leaders and suffered from corruption and inefficiency more so than the federal court system. The Federal Nigeria Police Force (NPF) was tasked with law enforcement. The Constitution prohibits local and state police forces. Internal security was the duty of the State Security Service (SSS). "Rapid Response Teams," staffed by police, remained intact in most states, but these teams had a reduced role and a less menacing presence than in previous years. In response to increased incidents of armed robbery and other violent crime, the National Police instituted an aggressive anti-crime campaign dubbed Operation Fire for Fire, which was responsible for human rights abuses. The police were unable to control ethno-religious violence on numerous occasions during the year, and the Government continued its reliance on the army to quell many instances of communal violence. -
NIGERIA COUNTRY REPORT April 2004 Country Information & Policy
NIGERIA COUNTRY REPORT April 2004 Country Information & Policy Unit IMMIGRATION AND NATIONALITY DIRECTORATE Home Office, United Kingdom Nigeria Country Report - April 2004 CONTENTS 1. Scope of the document 1.1 – 1.4 2. Geography 2.1 3. Economy 3.1 – 3.3 4. History 4.1 – 4.7 5. State Structures The Constitution 5.1 – 5.3 Citizenship and Nationality 5.4 – 5.5 Political System 5.6 – 5.12 Judiciary 5.13 – 5.16 - Shari'a law 5.18 – 5.23 - Anti-Drug Legislation 5.24 – 5.25 Legal Rights/Detention 5.26 – 5.28 Death Penalty 5.29 – 5.36 Internal Security 5.37 – 5.38 Prison and Prison Conditions 5.39 – 5.41 Military 5.42 – 5.45 Military Service 5.46 Police 5.47 – 5.51 Medical Services 5.52 – 5.56 HIV/AIDS 5.57 – 5.58 Mental Health 5.59 – 5.60 People with disabilities 5.61 Educational System 5.62 Student cults 5.63 – 5.64 6. Human Rights 6A. Human Rights issues Overview 6.1 – 6.2 Freedom of Speech and the Media 6.3 – 6.12 Journalists 6.13 – 6.15 Freedom of Religion 6.16 – 6.19 Religious groups 6.20 – 6.22 - Islam 6.23 – 6.26 - Christians 6.27 - Traditional Faiths 6.28 – 6.32 Freedom of Assembly and Association 6.33 Employment Rights 6.34 – 6.36 People Trafficking 6.37 – 6.40 Freedom of Movement 6.41 – 6.43 6B. Human rights – Specific Groups Ethnic Groups 6.44 – 6.47 O'odua People's Congress (OPC) 6.48 – 6.54 Movement for the Actualisation of the Sovereign State of Biafra (MASSOB) 6.55 – 6.56 The Ogoni 6.57 – 6.63 The Niger Delta 6.64 – 6.99 Women 6.100 – 6.107 Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) 6.108 – 6.112 Children 6.113 – 6.115 Child Care Arrangements 6.116 Homosexuals 6.117 – 6.119 6C. -
TRANSNATIONAL TRAFFICKING and the RULE of LAW in WEST AFRICA: a Threat Assessment
TRANSNATIONAL TRAFFICKING AND THE RULE OF LAW IN WEST AFRICA: A Threat Assessment July 2009 UNITED NATIONS OFFICE ON DRUGS AND CRIME Vienna Transnational Trafficking and the Rule of Law in West Africa: A Threat Assessment Copyright © 2009, United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) This publication may be reproduced in whole or in part and in any form for educational or non-profit purposes without special permission from the copyright holder, provided acknowledgement of the source is made. UNODC would appreciate receiving a copy of any publication that uses this publication as a source. No use of this publication may be made for resale or any other commercial purpose without prior permission in writing from the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. Applications for such permission, with a statement of purpose and intent of the reproduction, should be addressed to: Policy Analysis and Research Branch United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime PO Box 500 1400 Vienna Austria DISCLAIMERS This report has not been formally edited. The opinions, figures and estimates set forth in this paper are the responsibility of the authors, and should not necessarily be considered as reflecting the views or carrying the endorsement of UNODC or the Secretariat of the United Nations. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNODC or the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. -
2. Human Rights Violations by the Nigerian Police
TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION: ....................................................................................................1 When the Nigerian government fails to respect and protect human rights1 2. HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS BY THE NIGERIAN POLICE:...........................3 2.1. Capacity of the Nigeria Police Force........................................................................ 3 2.2. Taking on crime and violence through extrajudicial executions and torture................. 4 2.3. Excessive use of force, torture, extrajudicial executions by the police ........................ 5 2.3.1. Torture and cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment in police detention centres... 5 2.3.2. Death in custody .............................................................................................. 9 2.3.3. Excessive use of force and extrajudicial execution in police operations .............. 10 2.3.4. Latest attempt to curb crime: “Operation Fire-for-fire” ..................................... 13 2.4. Case-study: The Special Anti-Robbery Squad (SARS)............................................ 15 3. HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS BY THE ARMED FORCES:..............................16 3.1. Armed forces intervention in internal conflicts ....................................................... 16 3.2. Excessive use of force and extrajudicial executions of civilians by the armed forces. 17 3.3. Case-study: The Benue massacre of civilians by the armed forces............................ 18 3.3.1. Tiv-Jukun conflict in central Nigeria .............................................................. -
ANTI-CORRUPTION Ppolicies in NIGERIA
DISCUSSION PAPER Anti-Corruption was the declared number one policy aim of the Olusegun Obasanjo administration. The success of this policy was, however, for various reasons not too impressive. Obasanjo's successor, President Umaru Yar'Adua came to power promising to reform and continue the anti-corruption policy. But while the anti-graft agencies continued to arrest and arraign more individuals, including highly placed officials, for corruption, the general public expressed the view that the fight against corruption became increasingly inefficient under Yar'Adua. This paper shows that the positive measures taken by the Yar'Adua government were overshadowed by other observed lapses. The first one has been that the government was patronizing some ex-public officials accused of corruption by the EFCC, especially former governors, who played key roles in his election. Secondly, Yar'Adua also presided over the purge and persecution of popular anti- corruption crusaders, especially Nuhu Rubadu, the former chairman of the EFCC. Thirdly, President Yar'Adu was not forceful enough, notably in his speeches, with his anti-corruption program. For the incoming administration, the paper recommends to make anti-corruption a strong priority and to reduce political intereference in the work of anti-corruption agencies. Foreword “Nigerians agree that corruption in public Abuja and Lagos. Our main working life, which was pronounced under areas are: Supporting democracy and its military rule, has reached alarmingly institutions, strengthening the Nigerian pandemic proportions, and should now labour movement and worker‟s rights, be a matter of very serious and pressing and supporting the debate on Nigeria in public policy concern.” Unfortunately, the international relations. -
Innovative Or Ineffective? Reassessing Anti-Corruption Law Enforcement in Nigeria
INNOVATIVE OR INEFFECTIVE? REASSESSING ANTI-CORRUPTION LAW ENFORCEMENT IN NIGERIA GI-ACE PROJECT: Fighting High-Level Corruption in Africa: Learning from Effective Law Enforcement MATTHEW T. PAGE Chatham House January 21st, 2021 WORKING PAPER 9 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The author would like to kindly thank Parth Ahya, Datti Baba-Ahmed, Esa Onoja, Abdullahi Shehu, Ezenwa Anumnu, Idayat Hassan, Lukman Adefolehan and Esther Yusuf as well as all of the interviewees who made time to speak about this important topic. LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ACJA Administration of Criminal Justice Act ADR Alternative Dispute Resolution AFFA Advanced Fee Fraud Act AGF Attorney General of the Federation CCB Code of Conduct Bureau CCT Code of Conduct Tribunal EFCC Economic and Financial Crimes Commission FATF Financial Action Task Force FBI Federal Bureau of Investigation (United States) FHC Federal High Court IATT Inter-Agency Task Team ICPC Independent Corrupt Practices and Other Related Offences Commission MLAT Mutual Legal Assistance Treaty MLPA Money Laundering Prohibition Act N naira NBA Nigerian Bar Association NCA National Crime Agency (UK) NFIU Nigerian Financial Intelligence Unit NPF Nigeria Police Force PACAC Presidential Advisory Committee Against Corruption PSFU Special Fraud Unit, Nigeria Police Force TUGAR Technical Unit on Governance and Anti-Corruption Reforms UNCAC United Nations Convention Against Corruption INNOVATIVE OR INEFFECTIVE? REASSESSING ANTI-CORRUPTION LAW ENFORCEMENT IN NIGERIA 2 GI-ACE PROJECT: FIGHTING HIGH-LEVEL CORRUPTION IN AFRICA: LEARNING FROM EFFECTIVE LAW ENFORCEMENT EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This report presents the findings of a study on the dynamics of law enforcement in high-level corruption cases in Nigeria. It is one of two country case studies of the project ‘Fighting high-level corruption in Africa: Learning from effective law enforcement’ funded by the Global Integrity-FCDO Anti-Corruption Evidence Program (2019-21). -
Corruption and Corrupt Practices in Nigeria: an Agenda for Taming the Monster
Journal of Sustainable Development in Africa (Volume 14, No.3, 2012) ISSN: 1520-5509 Clarion University of Pennsylvania, Clarion, Pennsylvania CORRUPTION AND CORRUPT PRACTICES IN NIGERIA: AN AGENDA FOR TAMING THE MONSTER Victor Egwemi Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Niger State, Nigeria ABSTRACT The paper examines the phenomenon of corruption in Nigeria. It argues that while it is indeed a global challenge, its prevalence, persistence and gravity varies from country to country. In Nigeria, the crisis of corruption seems to have defied all the solutions put forward by governments over the years in the country. In spite of all the rhetoric about a war on corruption, the phenomenon has shown so much resilience that it seems to have become normal in the country. The agencies charged with the fight against corruption all seem to be at a loss in this direction. The paper proposes an agenda for dealing with the scourge of corruption. The major issue in this agenda is the need to muster the necessary political will in the war on corruption. Keywords: Corruption, corrupt practices, agenda, monster, Nigeria. INTRODUCTION The challenge of corruption remains one of the most debilitating issues facing Nigeria. it has been one of the impediments to the country’s development efforts (Egwemi, 2010; Ajibewa, 2006; Orngu, 2006; Saliu and Aremu, 2004). Having said this, it is equally important to add that corruption is a problem that confronts all countries of the world. The only difference is that the prevalence, gravity and persistence of the corruption menace vary from one country to the other. That said, the effects or consequences of corruption are always negative. -
Implications of Politically Exposed Persons Participation in 2015 Elections in Nigeria
ISSN 2039-2117 (online) Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol 5 No 27 ISSN 2039-9340 (print) MCSER Publishing, Rome-Italy December 2014 Implications of Politically Exposed Persons participation in 2015 Elections in Nigeria Dr. R.O. Oji Department of Political Science, Enugu State University, Enugu Eme, Okechukwu I Onyishi, Anthony O Department of Public Administration and Local Government, University of Nigeria, Nsukka [email protected] Doi:10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n27p207 Abstract In May 2007, a number of governors completed their eight-year term of office. Having lost the immunity conferred on them by Section 308 of the Constitution, the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC) invited them for investigation on the basis of several petitions alleging diversion of public funds running to billions of naira. Some reported for interrogation while others sought interlocutory and perpetual injunctions restraining the EFCC from arresting, investigating or prosecuting them in any manner whatsoever and howsoever. Among those who were charged to court only two have been convicted and given light sentences. The majority of the defendants have continued to manipulate the criminal justice system to frustrate their trial. To the eternal shame of the country one of the ex-governors who got a clean bill of health by a Nigerian court was later convicted and jailed by a British court. Out of the two, who jumped bail in the United Kingdom, one is now a Senator of the Republic. Not unexpectedly, the Nigerian people have justifiably blamed lawyers and judges for frustrating the anti-graft agencies from successfully prosecuting politically exposed persons and other members of the ruling class accused of corrupt practices and money laundering. -
In the Cesspool of Corruption: the Challenges of National Development and the Dilemma of Anti-Graft Agencies in Nigeria Oluwaseum Bamidele Faith Academy
African Social Science Review Volume 7 Number 1 Fall 2014 Edition of African Social Science Article 5 Review, Volume 7, Number 1 January 2015 In the cesspool of corruption: The challenges of national development and the dilemma of anti-graft agencies in Nigeria Oluwaseum Bamidele Faith Academy Azeez O. Olaniyan Ekiti State University Bonnie Ayodele Ekiti State University Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalscholarship.tsu.edu/assr Recommended Citation Bamidele, Oluwaseum; Olaniyan, Azeez O.; and Ayodele, Bonnie (2015) "In the cesspool of corruption: The challenges of national development and the dilemma of anti-graft ga encies in Nigeria," African Social Science Review: Vol. 7: No. 1, Article 5. Available at: http://digitalscholarship.tsu.edu/assr/vol7/iss1/5 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at Digital Scholarship @ Texas Southern University. It has been accepted for inclusion in African Social Science Review by an authorized administrator of Digital Scholarship @ Texas Southern University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Bamidele et al.: In the cesspool of corruption: The challenges of national develop In the Cesspool of Corruption: The Challenges of National Development and the Dilemma of Anti-Graft Agencies in Nigeria Oluwaseun Bamidele Faith Academy Azeez O. Olaniyan Ekiti State University Bonnie Ayodele Ekiti State University Abstract: Most theoretical and analytical discourse on national development identified the virulent nature of corruption as development curse. In Nigeria, as in many other soft states, the epidemic nature of corruption and its destructive impacts on the national development has received wider attention in both national and international mass media. -
Strengthening of Anti Corruption Commissions and Laws in Nigeria
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by D-Scholarship@Pitt STRENGTHENING OF ANTI CORRUPTION COMMISSIONS AND LAWS IN NIGERIA by Fatima Waziri LL.B., Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, 2001 B.L., Nigeria Law School Lagos, 2002 LL.M., St Thomas University School of Law Miami, 2007 Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Law School in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Juridical Science University of Pittsburgh 2011 UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH SCHOOL OF LAW This dissertation was presented by Fatima Waziri It was defended on November 21, 2011 and approved by Elena Baylis, Associate Professor, School of Law Roza Pati, Dr. iur, Associate Professor, School of Law Cecil Blake, Ph.D, Associate Professor, Africana Studies Dissertation Advisor: John Burkoff, Professor, School of Law ii Copyright © by Fatima Waziri 2011 iii STRENTHENING OF ANTI CORRUPTION COMMISSION AND LAWS IN NIGERIA Fatima Waziri, S.J.D. University of Pittsburgh, 2011 This S.J.D. dissertation explores the role of law in challenging and curbing public corruption in Nigeria through the use of anti corruption agencies and laws. A comparative approach is used that draws upon development from other jurisdictions to illuminate issues in the Nigerian context. More broadly, this S.J.D. dissertation examined and analyzed the major anti corruption agencies and laws in Nigeria (Economic and Financial Crimes Commission, Independent Corrupt Practices and Other Related Offences Commission, Code of Conduct Bureau) and their approach towards corruption and democratic process. I also examined the role Freedom of Information Law plays in curbing corruption and promoting transparency, twelve years after the Freedom of Information Bill was first presented to the Nigerian National Assembly, it was finally passed into law May, 2011.