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1 Modernizing Canada's Electoral System: Instant Runoff Voting As The
Modernizing Canada’s Electoral System: Instant Runoff Voting as the Best Alternative By Maxime Dubé, as an individual Summary In the context of electoral reform brought about by the current government, many electoral systems come into contention for replacing the current first-past-the-post (FPTP) system. In this brief, it is argued that the instant-runoff voting (IRV) system is the best alternative for the current FPTP system in Canada. It solves most of Canadians’ issues with the current system, while presenting itself as the least challenging option for all bodies implicated in a federal election. Additionally, the IRV system does not produce coalition governments like other systems, thus allowing the state to remain strong and effective. The adoption of mandatory voting should only be considered after researching methods that will incentivize citizens to vote. Finally, online voting should not to be considered, due to potential security concerns. Introduction The present FPTP system is an electoral system that has been, and still is widely used throughout the world. It “is one of the oldest and simplest electoral systems”1 For instance, this voting system is presently used in all legislative elections in Canada, for national parliamentary elections in the United Kingdom and the United States of America, as well as for India and most Caribbean islands2. With the election of the current majoritarian Liberal government in the 2015 general election, one of the electoral promises made by the party and its leader, Justin Trudeau, was that the general election of 2015 would be the last federal election to be held with the FPTP system3. -
Scanned by Camscanner
Scanned by CamScanner Scanned by CamScanner Scanned by CamScanner Scanned by CamScanner Scanned by CamScanner Scanned by CamScanner Scanned by CamScanner IRONING OUT THE CREASES: RE-EXAMINING THE CONTOURS OF INVOKING ARTICLE 142(1) OF THE CONSTITUTION Rajat Pradhan* ABSTRACT In the light of the extraordinary and rather frequent invocation of Article 142(1) of the Constitution of India, this note expounds a constructive theory of perusing Article 142(1) by the Supreme Court. The central inquiry seeks to answer the contemporaneous question of whether Article 142 can be invoked to make an order or pass a decree which is inconsistent or in express conflict with the substantive provisions of a statute. To aid this inquiry, cases where the apex court has granted a decree of divorce by mutual consent in exercise of Article 142(1) have been examined extensively. Thus the note also examines the efficacy and indispensible nature of this power in nebulous cases where the provisions of a statute are insufficient for solving contemporary problems or doing complete justice. INTRODUCTION An exemplary provision, Article 142(1) of the Constitution of India envisages that the Supreme Court in the exercise of its jurisdiction may pass such enforceable decree or order as is necessary for doing ‘complete justice’ in any cause or matter pending before it. While the jurisprudence surrounding other provisions of the Constitution has developed manifold, rendering them more concrete and stable interpretations, Article 142(1) is far from tracing this trend. The nature and scope of power contemplated in Article 142(1) has continued to be mooted imaginatively. -
Debates of the House of Commons
43rd PARLIAMENT, 1st SESSION House of Commons Debates Official Report (Hansard) VOLUME 149 NUMBER 005 Wednesday, December 11, 2019 Speaker: The Honourable Anthony Rota CONTENTS (Table of Contents appears at back of this issue.) 263 HOUSE OF COMMONS Wednesday, December 11, 2019 The House met at 2 p.m. tude to the people of Bellechasse—Les Etchemins—Lévis for plac‐ ing their trust in me for the fifth time in a row. I would also like to thank our amazing team of volunteers, my Prayer family and my wonderful wife, Marie. My entire team and I are here to help the people in our riding. We are facing major chal‐ ● (1405) lenges, but, unfortunately, the throne speech was silent on subjects [English] such as the labour shortage, shipbuilding and high-speed Internet and cell service in the regions. The Speaker: It being Wednesday, we will now have the singing of O Canada led by the hon. member for Kitchener—Conestoga. People say that election campaigns begin on election night, but in Quebec, in Canada and in my riding, Bellechasse—Les [Members sang the national anthem] Etchemins—Lévis, we are rolling up our sleeves and focusing on sustainable prosperity. * * * STATEMENTS BY MEMBERS [English] [Translation] NEWMARKET—AURORA CLOSURE OF BRUNSWICK SMELTER Mr. Tony Van Bynen (Newmarket—Aurora, Lib.): Mr. Speak‐ Mr. Serge Cormier (Acadie—Bathurst, Lib.): Mr. Speaker, I er, I am proud to rise in the House for the first time as the member want to start by thanking the voters of Acadie—Bathurst for giving of Parliament for Newmarket—Aurora in the 43rd Parliament. -
Oh, Oh! Modeling Parliamentary Interruptions in Canada, 1926-2015
Oh, oh! Modeling Parliamentary Interruptions in Canada, 1926-2015 Tanya Whyte Department of Political Science, University of Toronto Presented at Canadian Political Science Association Annual Conference Ryerson University, Toronto, May 27-June 2, 2017 Abstract Literature on the Canadian "democratic deficit" argues that parliamentary decorum in the Canadian House of Commons, including disruptive be- haviours like heckling and cheering, has been worsening over recent decades. Such questions of long-term change in parliamentary behaviour are amenable to text as data methods, a rapidly emerging field in quantitative social sci- ence. This analysis uses the Lipad dataset, a new machine-readable digi- tization of the complete text of the Canadian House of Commons Debates (Hansard), to investigate disruptive behaviour (measured via parliamentary interruptions) in the House of Commons from 1926-2015. Five hypotheses are tested using a multinomial logit model: that interruptions have increased in probability over time; that ministers are likeliest and backbenchers least likeliest to be interrupted; that women MPs are more likely to be interrupted; and that interruptions are more common under majority government condi- tions. Preliminary version: Please do not cite or distribute until a final version is posted. Thanks to Arthur Spirling for his advice and feedback. PARLIAMENTARY INTERRUPTIONS IN CANADA, 1926-2015 2 Introduction The conduct of elected representatives in the House of Commons has been a fre- quent target of criticism in the Canadian "democratic deficit" literature. One root of voter malaise in Canada and in other Westminster-style democracies, it is argued, is public re- pugnance for adversarial and crude political debate, particularly during Question Period (Docherty, 2005; Grisdale, 2011). -
Confronting Family Poverty and Social Exclusion Ensuring Work–Family Balance Advancing Social Integration and Intergenerational Solidarity in North America
Confronting family poverty and social exclusion Ensuring work–family balance Advancing social integration and intergenerational solidarity In North America North American Expert Group Meeting Convened as part of preparations for the Twentieth Anniversary of the International Year of the Family (2014) In cooperation with the Focal Point on the Family (United Nations DESA) Mexico City 19–20 May 2014 Revised Version January 2015 The Expert Group Meeting convened in Mexico City on 19-20 May 2014 was held as part of celebrations for the Twentieth Anniversary of the In- ternational Year of the Family. Experts and practitioners from the three countries discussed about the proposals for recommendations of social policies that should be promoted from United Nations. The outcomes, in particular its conclusions and recommendations, will further guide the fol- low-up of the Twentieth Anniversary and will be used as inputs to the up- coming reports of the Secretary-General on family issues. The Meeting was organized International Federation for Family Develop- ment (IFFD), a non–governmental, independent, and non–profit federa- tion, founded in 1978. Its activities consist of family enrichment courses organized in 65 countries of the five continents, with a participative meth- odology based in the case study method. IFFD collaborates in local, na- tional and international institutions to promote and protect family values. It holds general consultative status with the Economic and Social Commit- tee of the United Nations. © International Federation for Family Development – January 2015. Produced by the International Institute for Family Research – The Family Watch CONTENTS INTRODUCTION A. FAMILY POLICY IN THE UN CONTEXT .......................................................................8 B. -
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House of Commons Debates VOLUME 148 Ï NUMBER 037 Ï 1st SESSION Ï 42nd PARLIAMENT OFFICIAL REPORT (HANSARD) Tuesday, April 12, 2016 Speaker: The Honourable Geoff Regan CONTENTS (Table of Contents appears at back of this issue.) 2039 HOUSE OF COMMONS Tuesday, April 12, 2016 The House met at 10 a.m. The Speaker: The House has heard the terms of the motion. Is it the pleasure of the House to adopt the motion? Some hon. members: Agreed. Prayer (Motion agreed to) *** ROUTINE PROCEEDINGS PETITIONS Ï (1000) [Translation] HIV/AIDS FOREIGN AFFAIRS Ms. Elizabeth May (Saanich—Gulf Islands, GP): Mr. Speaker, I rise today to present two petitions. Mr. David Lametti (Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister of International Trade, Lib.): Mr. Speaker, on behalf of the The first is from constituents in my riding of Saanich—Gulf Minister of Foreign Affairs and pursuant to Standing Order 32(2), I Islands calling on the government to move to a national strategy on have the honour to table, in both official languages, the treaty HIV/AIDS, particularly based on the principle of treatment as entitled “Ministerial Declaration on Trade in Information Technol- prevention. ogy Products” adopted in Nairobi on December 16, 2015. *** SECURITY CERTIFICATES [English] Ms. Elizabeth May (Saanich—Gulf Islands, GP): Mr. Speaker, the second petition deals with the very troubling ongoing issue of the COMMITTEES OF THE HOUSE violation of human rights and the Charter of Rights and Freedoms in AGRICULTURE AND AGRI-FOOD the use of security certificates. In particular, the petitioners are very concerned that security certificates risk deportation to countries that Mr. -
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CANADA House of Commons Debates VOLUME 142 Ï NUMBER 088 Ï 2nd SESSION Ï 39th PARLIAMENT OFFICIAL REPORT (HANSARD) Monday, May 5, 2008 Speaker: The Honourable Peter Milliken CONTENTS (Table of Contents appears at back of this issue.) Also available on the Parliament of Canada Web Site at the following address: http://www.parl.gc.ca 5423 HOUSE OF COMMONS Monday, May 5, 2008 The House met at 11 a.m. Agency together have the mandate to make sure the products on our shelves are as safe as they can possibly be. The OECD nations, as well as the World Health Organization and Prayers the FAO of the UN, all have worked together on genetically modified foods to make sure there are standards and an agreement not only in Canada but around the world and across many PRIVATE MEMBERS' BUSINESS jurisdictions to make sure these products are safe. Ï (1105) The argument is this. If there is any health risk at all with genetically modified foods, we should not just label them but [English] eliminate them. If there is not a risk, we should accept them and use FOOD AND DRUGS ACT them as an advantage for our crops and foods so that we provide The House resumed from April 3 consideration of the motion that them not only for Canadians but our trading partners. Bill C-517, An Act to amend the Food and Drugs Act (mandatory It is also important to know that when a genetically modified food labelling for genetically modified foods), be read the second time is put on our shelves or examined by either Health Canada or the and referred to a committee. -
Constitutional Workarounds: Senate Reform and Other Examples
CONSTITUTIONAL WORKAROUNDS: SENATE REFORM AND OTHER EXAMPLES Robert E Hawkins* The process for amending Canada’s constitution is complex and difficult. As a result, “back door” routes for realizing change of a constitutional nature have been adopted. These “workarounds” include “formula shopping,” where amendment procedures requiring a lesser measure of provincial consent are adopted; ordinary legislation, where no provincial consent is sought at all; and hortatory declarations, where mere statements purport to define a government’s position with respect to particular constitutional issues. Workarounds in areas such as Senate reform, fixed date election laws, secession and clarity acts, and regional vetoes, along with declarations dealing with special status for Quebec, the federal spending power, and prorogation of Parliament, will be examined. Key to the constitutional validity of these workarounds is whether they bind the actions of relevant political actors, as opposed to being merely advisory or consultative. At stake is the interplay between two fundamental constitutional values: flexibility, which permits the constitution to adapt to changing societal realities; and federalism, which requires a meaningful degree of provincial consent for significant constitutional change. Il est difficile et complexe d’amender la constitution canadienne. C’est pourquoi, les modifications de nature constitutionnelle sont souvent effectuées par des moyens indirects. Ces “tactiques d’évitement” des difficultés constitutionnelles comprennent l’utilisation stratégique de procédures d’amendement qui requièrent un niveau d’appui provincial moindre; l’adoption de lois ordinaires, qui ne requièrent aucun appui provincial; et l’adoption par le Parlement de textes de nature déclaratoire, en vertu desquels le gouvernement tente de se positionner par rapport à un enjeu constitutionnel donné. -
Francophone Arts and Culture
FRANCOPHONE ARTS AND CULTURE: LIVING LIFE TO ITS FULLEST IN MINORITY SETTINGS Report of the Standing Senate Committee on Official Languages The Honourable Maria Chaput Chair The Hounorable Andrée Champagne, P.C. Deputy Chair June 2009 Ce document est aussi disponible en français. _____________________ Available on the Parliamentary Internet: www.parl.gc.ca (Committee Business – Senate – 40th Parliament, 2nd Session) Hard copies of this document are also available by contacting the Senate Committees Directorate at 613-990-0088 or by e-mail at [email protected]. CONTENTS Page MEMBERS ORDERS OF REFERENCE PREFACE INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................... 1 GENERAL OVERVIEW OF THE STUDY: CONTEXT AND SCOPE ............................................................................................... 3 SUMMARY OF THE EVIDENCE AND COMMITTEE RECOMMENDATIONS ....................................................................... 6 A. SUPPORT FOR COMMUNITIES AND ARTISTS ........................................... 6 1. Community Vitality ........................................................................................ 6 2. Remoteness and Loss of Residents ................................................................. 6 3. Infrastructure ................................................................................................... 7 4. Volunteer Burnout .......................................................................................... 8 B. SUPPORT -
A Matter of Privilege: a Discussion Paper on Canadian Parliamentary Privilege in the 21St Century
A MATTER OF PRIVILEGE: A DISCUSSION PAPER ON CANADIAN PARLIAMENTARY PRIVILEGE IN THE 21ST CENTURY Interim report of the Standing Committee on Rules, Procedures, and the Rights of Parliament Chair The Honourable Vernon White Deputy Chair The Honourable David P. Smith, PC. June 2015 MEMBERSHIP The Honourable Vernon White, Chair The Honourable David P. Smith, P.C., Deputy Chair The Honourable Denise Batters The Honourable Claude Carignan, P.C.* The Honourable Anne C. Cools The Honourable James S. Cowan* The Honourable Norman E. Doyle The Honourable Joan Fraser* The Honourable Linda Frum The Honourable George Furey The Honourable Leo Housakos The Honourable Mobina S.B. Jaffer The Honourable Serge Joyal, P.C. The Honourable Yonah Martin The Honourable Elaine McCoy The Honourable Paul E. McIntyre The Honourable David Tkachuk The Honourable David M. Wells *Ex officio members In addition, the Honourable Senators Selma Ataullahjan, Douglas Black, Suzanne Fortin-Duplessis, Nancy Ruth, Richard Neufeld and Pierre Claude Nolin were members of the committee or participated in its work on this report. Clerk of the Committee: Charles Robert Analyst from the Library of Parliament: Dara Lithwick TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION: AN OPPORTUNITY TO REVIEW AND RENEW PARLIAMENTARY PRIVILEGE IN CANADA ...................................................................................................................................................... 1 A. Development of the Interim Report ................................................................................................ -
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CANADA House of Commons Debates VOLUME 145 Ï NUMBER 050 Ï 3rd SESSION Ï 40th PARLIAMENT OFFICIAL REPORT (HANSARD) Thursday, May 27, 2010 Speaker: The Honourable Peter Milliken CONTENTS (Table of Contents appears at back of this issue.) 2993 HOUSE OF COMMONS Thursday, May 27, 2010 The House met at 2 p.m. Those beautiful days in 1955 were a celebration of the close relationships that saw St. John's filled with Portuguese vessels and fishermen for six months each year for over 400 years. Prayers The Portuguese fishing fleets and Portuguese fishermen who travelled across the Atlantic each year will continue to echo through history ever reminding the people of Newfoundland and all Canadians of this special period in their history and of their friends STATEMENTS BY MEMBERS who lived just across the sea. (1405) Ï *** [English] [Translation] FREE TRADE AGREEMENTS DENIS GOUGEON Mr. Jeff Watson (Essex, CPC): Mr. Speaker, following today's historic address by Mexican president, Felipe Calderón, I rise in the Mr. Luc Malo (Verchères—Les Patriotes, BQ): Mr. Speaker, in House today to reaffirm the importance of NAFTA to the flourishing celebration of the world expo, the Presences Festival International trading relationship on the North American continent. Composition Competition held the final concert in its three-year international competition in Shanghai, China. Granby native Denis Since NAFTA's implementation, merchandise trade between Gougeon won first prize with his piece entitled Toy (Music Box). Mr. Canada, Mexico and the United States has more than tripled, Gougeon is a composer and an associate professor of instrumental reaching $946 billion U.S. -
Debates of the Senate
CANADA Debates of the Senate 2nd SESSION . 39th PARLIAMENT . VOLUME 144 . NUMBER 62 OFFICIAL REPORT (HANSARD) Tuesday, May 27, 2008 ^ THE HONOURABLE NOEÈ L A. KINSELLA SPEAKER CONTENTS (Daily index of proceedings appears at back of this issue). Debates and Publications: Chambers Building, Room 943, Tel. 996-0193 Published by the Senate Available from PWGSC ± Publishing and Depository Services, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0S5. Also available on the Internet: http://www.parl.gc.ca 1373 THE SENATE Tuesday, May 27, 2008 The Senate met at 2 p.m., the Speaker in the chair. keen student of Canadian history, a proud Nova Scotian and an avid player of the bagpipes, Mr. MacLeod brings a diverse array Prayers. of skills to the Senate. I am sure that all honourable senators would like to join with SENATORS' STATEMENTS me in wishing Mr. MacLeod well as he starts his new duties as Usher of the Black Rod. From a fellow Nova Scotian, a special welcome to you, Mr. MacLeod. USHER OF THE BLACK ROD WELCOME OF MR. KEVIN MACLEOD SASKATCHEWAN The Hon. the Speaker: Honourable senators, I would like to welcome our new Usher of the Black Rod, Kevin Stewart PROPOSAL TO ELECT SENATORS MacLeod, who is serving for the first time in chamber duty. Welcome to the Senate of Canada. Hon. Pana Merchant: Honourable senators, I rise to address a program without a plan. The Saskatchewan government has just Hon. Gerald J. Comeau (Deputy Leader of the Government): announced that it will join with Prime Minister Harper in Honourable senators, I rise today also to welcome our new Usher tinkering with the appointments process to this house.