DOCUMENT RESUME ED 029 587 HE 000 761 By-Heckman. Dale M.: Martin. Warren aryan Inventory of Current on Higher Education 1968. Univ.. Berkeley. Center for Research and Development in Higher Education.: Carnegie Commission on the Future of Higher Education. Berkeley. Calif. Pub Date 12 Oct 68 Note- 226p. EDRS Price MF-$1.00 HC-$11.40 Descriptors"Educational Research. *Higher Education. *Research Projects. *Research Reviews (Publications) Research projects on higher education are listed in this inventory within the appropriate subsections of 8 main subject headings: students, faculty. administrators. structures, functions, governance, graduate and professional education, and higher education in the marketplace supply and demand. money and manpower. The report supplements efforts by ERIC. the Science Information Exchange. and the 's British Register of Research into Higher Education. It contains research completedinthe1966-1967 academic year. and current research that was cataloged between and ...lune1968. The current research includes 90 projects underway in various parts of the world. Project listings include title of project. name of principal researcher, the responsible institution, chief source of funds, approximate beginning and terminal dates, and a brief summary of the research. To provide a longitudinal perspective for the inventory, a historical statement on the development of research on higher education in this century is being prepared. This statement will be published separately. The inventory is available at $2.75 per copy from the McGraw-Hill Company. 330 W. 42nd Street. New York. New York 10036. (WM)

wm.lor 1- 40 CARNEGIE COMMISSION ON HIGHEREDUCATION

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION & WELFARE

OFFICE OF EDUCATION

THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN REPRODUCED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED FROM THE PERSON OR ORGANIZATION ORIGINATING IT.POINTS OF VIEW OR OPINIONS Vt.) STATED DO NOT NECESSARILY REPRESENT OFFICIAL OFFICE OF EDUCATION POSITION OR POLICY. INVENTORY OF CURRENT kESEARCH ON HIGHER EDUCATION 1968

I "If educational research is to becomea national resource..."

11,M11114..< INVENTORY OF CURRENT RESEARCH ON HIGHER EDUCATION 1968

Dale M. Heckman Warren Bryan Martin

A project sponsored jointly by the Carnegie Commission on the Future of Higher Education and the Center for Research and Development in Higher Education, of California, Berkeley.

McGraw-Hill Book Company New York St. Louis London Additional copies of this publication may be ordered from the McGraw-Hill Book Company 330 W. 42nd St. New York, New York 10036 The price is $2.75 per copy. Printed in the of America PREFACE

It is fitting that one of the first publications of the Carnegie Commission on Higher Education is this Inventory of Current Research. In addifion to its own research efforts, the Commission is relying in large part upon the important work that individuals, organizations, and government agencies are carrying out in the field of higher education. We are hopeful that this excellent compilation will also be useful to other researchers and educators.

The Commission wishes to express its appreciation and gratitude to the authors and their colleagues at the Center for Research and Development in Higher Education for developing this valuable aid to all those interested in the field of higher education.

Clark Kerr Chairman, The Carnegie Commission on the Future of Higher Education December, 1968 FOREWORD

If educational research is to become a national resource, making research projects known to administrators, faculty, and other participants in the educational enterprise ranks in importance with the research itself. To this end: The Educational Resources Information Center (ERIC), a division of the United States Office of Education, collects research reports in a wide variety of fields and for different kinds of education. ERIC also regularly publishes a current projects index for research funded under government contracts. The Science Information Exchange, which, like ERIC, is based in Washington, D.C., operates a data retrieval program for research currently underway in the natural and physical sciences, and in the social and behavioral sciences. The SIE data bank contains information on research that has been commissioned through federal contracts as well as data submitted voluntarily by many private agencies and research centers. SIE can provide reports on the inception of projects on higher education, and, if projects are renewed, SIE may also have information on the progress of such projects. In England, the Society for Research into Higher Education publishes on a regular basis the Register of Research into Higher Education.This publication gives a cumulative record of current projects in the United Kingdom. There are also compilations of research in other European countries, such as the Register of Ongoing Research in the Social Sciences,published by the Social Sciences Council of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Sciences, which include reports of higher education. The American Library Association's Clearinghouse of Library Research collects information on research projects underway in the field of their interest. These several programs are representative of what is being done to make educational research known, to encourage its utilization, and to provide a basis for the coordination of research projects. * * * * Soon after the Carnegie Commission on the Future of Higher Education began its deliberations, in 1967, the Center for Research and Development in Higher Education, University of California, Berkeley, was authorized by the Commission to undertake an inventory of current research on higher education. This inventory was to supplement work being done by ERIC, SIE, and others, at a time when social malaise and rapid educational changes made the need for information, and for sources of information, crucial to everyone concerned for the future of higher education. The irwentory, additionally, would provide research contacts that might produce data for particular projects undertaken by the Carnegie Commission. Informed about the work being done by other researchers, the Commission could avoid duplication of effort and relate more effectively to concurrent research projects. The special advantage in the inventory, from the perspective of the Center, was the possibility that this compilation of research mightlead to a better coordination between what was being done elsewhere with ongoing work at Berkeley. The plan called for concentration on current research on higher education. By "current" was meant research for which no final report was yet available. "Research," for the purpose of the inventory, was described as careful or studious inquiry, usually employing the methodology of the behavioral sciences, yet including qualitative as well as quantitative consideration, developmental or demonstration models as well as empirical data. Research, development, and dissemination have been defined by one Center committee as follows: Research at the Center for Research and Developnwnt in Higher Education, University of California, Berkeley, uses the methodologies of the behavioral sciences to investigate problems in higher education which may have significance for the content, forms, and goals of education. This involves the identification of fundamental educational issues and the design of suitable methods for guiding the research and development effort. Development at the Center applies research findings, where appropriate, to the end that these data may become nationwide resources. The precondition for such an accomplishment is research which has both theoretical integrity and practical relevance. The outcome of developnwnt may take the form of concepts, processes, or products, but, whatever the form, developmental conceptualizations should be informed by research and be themselves researchable. As development proceeds from research, so research benefits from development. Dissemination at the Center communicates the substance of research to appropriate audiences by the most effective media available. Thus, dissemination is informational, while research and developwent are formational. But the total process becomes transactional as research is disseminated through development programs to meet needs in the field and as recipients, in turn, pose problems that contain new research challenges. "Higher education" was defined as postsecondary education in institutional and noninstitutional forms, but with emphasis on junior colleges and four-year colleges and ; undergraduate, graduate, and professional programs; and educational agencies, institutes and centers. The need to put current research on higher education into a context that would provide both foreground and background prompted inventory personnel to add three features to the inventory: First, an attempt was made to probe research on higher education tl:at had been carried out in the academic year preceding the year of the inventory. Subsequently, 135 research projects completed in 1966-67 were compiled and prepared for inclusion in this report. Those actually used appear under the appropriate categories and subsections. Second, to provide the longitudinal perspective for the inventory, a historical statement on the development of research on higher education in this century is being prepared. It will be published separately.

vu Educational research in other nations was the third dimension of the inventory. While it was understood that it would be impossible in one year to do more than sample the work underway,it was thought important to supplement ERIC's coverage of research originating in this country and th 3 BritishRegister of Research into Higher Education for the United Kingdomwith an exploratory investigation of research in many nations. Therefore, contact was madewith 311 researchers in 60 countries, and the inventory contains90 projects ongoing in various parts of the world. Given the concentration on research for which no final report was yet available, and thus being limited to partial information, no attempt wasmade in the inventory to judge the quality of individual projectslisted. Information often was unavailable concerning the adequacy of projectdesigns, the usefulness of testing instruments employed, the way data were handled, or,these matters were not yet determined by theresearchers at the time their projects were filed with the inventory. During the year of the in7entory (July 1967June 1968),921 projects of current research on higher education werecataloged. The total number of "principal researchers" listed was 1,020. For the purposes of this report, projects have been grouped undereight subject categories, categories which conform roughly to the way currentresearch projects tended to cluster. There are also subdivisionsof most categories. Chapters I, II, and III feature research on students, faculty,and administrators. While most of the projects listed in these sections of the report areassociational in emphasis, that is, they relate the person or group tosocial and organizational factors, the main emphasis of the research in these categories wasunderstood by inventory personnel to be on personalities more than programs, or,to put it another way, the emphasis is on the affect of programs onpersonalities. Information provided by researchers concerning the funding oftheir projects showed that 307 projects were funded wholly or in part by one or moreof the federal agencies; financial support for 79 projects camefrom state sources; foundations were involved in financing 76 projects; the moneyfor research in 323 cases came at least in part from institutional sources;70 projects relied mainly on pelsonal funding; 85 projects involved supportfrom sources other than those listed above; and the financial backing for 46projects was not made known on the inventory questionnaire. Multiple sources offunding, and sketchy reporting of information dealing with the financial arrangementsfor research, made difficult the accurate compilationof data on this matter. The preceding review, therefore, must be understood to beincomplete. The nature of certain research projects mr.deit difficult to locate them within a single category. The resulthas been that some projects from 1966=67, albeit few, have been listed more than once, while most projects werelisted once only and, as far as could be determined, according to theircentral conceptual tendency. The information in the description of individualresearch projects was normally

ix provided by the principal researcher(s). However, in some cases information was compiled from alternative sources andwithout direct contact with the researcher. In a majority of instances the project summaries that are presented in this report have been checked by project participants. What is recorded here, therefore, may be regarded as representative of current research emphases but not comprehensive in scope, essentially accurate in content but notfully descriptive. * * * * The preparation and publication of the Inventory was greatly facilitated by the work of Lynn Horn, Secretary, and researchassistants, Sandy Pemberton and Jack Fruchtman. For their dedication and skills we are grateful. In addition to the advice of members of the advisory committee, whose names are listed elsewhere in the text, wereceived services and valuable counsel from Virginia Smith and Ron Wolk of the Carnegie Commission as well as from Clark Kerr, Chairman of the Commission, and Leland Medsker, Director of the Center. Editorial assistance was given by Julie Pesonen. Finally, we are indebted to the hundreds of researchers who supplied us with information on their projects and who expressed interest in the Inventory.

Dale M. Heckman Warren Bryan Martin , 1968

x 1 7 I IP

1.;

S.

CONTENTS

Preface Foreword vii TOPICAL INDEX xiii I. STUDENTS Precollege 1 Transfer 7 College Environment 12 Effects of the College Experience 22 Special Themes 28 Values 33 Student Characteristics 35 Attrition 43 Socioeconomic Factors 47 Teaching and Learning 50 Alumni 53 Other Studies on Students 55 II. FACULTY Student-Faculty Interaction 58 Faculty-Institutional Interaction 62 Academic Specializations 66 Professional Roles 69 III. ADMINISTRATORS Goals, Relationships, Services, Responsibilities 76 IV. STRUCTURES Multfinstitutional Studies 82 Individual Institutional Studies 95 V. FUNCTIONS CurriculumGeneral 99 CurriculumSpecific 108 Research 115 Educational 122 Student Personnel Services 129 Serving Clientele External to the Institution 131 Other Studies on Educational Functions 137

VI. GOVERNANCE Faculty, Student, Administrative Dimensions of Governance 140

1

xi VII. GRADUATE AND PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION Students 146 Curriculum 149 Survey Studies 152 Change and Direction 156 VIII. HIGHER EDUCATION IN THE MARKET PLACE SUPPLY AND DEMAND, MONEY AND MANPOWER General Surveys and Broad Trends 160 The of Higher Education 166 Facilities 176 IX. INVENTORY PROCEDURE Introduction 179 Letters of Inquiry 179 Questionnaire 186 Airmail Follow-up Card 189 Taxonomy 189 Retrieval Card 192 X. INDEX OF RESEARCHERS 193

xil TOPICAL INDEX

Research projects included in the Inventory were described, as stated elsewhere, in one of eight main categories and under the most appropriate subsection of that category. The topical index which follows is an attempt to cross-reference research projects according to subjects of prevailing interest in the field of higher education. Thus, it is possible for a reader with a special area of concern, but without knowledge of specific research or researchers, to locate projects that may have relevance for his need. In many cases projects have been listed in this index under a theme that is not the primary emphasis of the study because the project provides information on that theme and thus may offer benefits ancillary to its central intention.

Categories Librarians Other Professional and Academic Freedom Research, Teaching General Accreditation, Certification Assistants Public, Constituency Administrators: Others, Adjunct. Public Service Academic Deans/RegistrarsFellowships, Grants (see Research External Relations/Public Scholarships, Work-Study)Scholarships, Work-Study Relations Foundations Awards Facilities/Buildings & General Education Social Change Grounds Governance, Internal Students: Financial Officers Government, Federal Activist/Leader Presidents/Chancellors Government, State & Local Exceptional Regents/Trustees Industrial, Business (see Foreign Attrition-Persistence Foundations) Fraternity/Sorority Benefactors, Bequests Institutional Goals, Assump- Graduates Campus, Plant Size, Location tions Handicapped Career/Vocation International (see Overseas) Married Community College Junior College (see Com- Minority Groups Compensation munity College) Night Classes Consulting, Contract ResearchLegislature (see Courts, Legal) Older/Retraining Coordination, Regional and Measurement (see Evaluation) Pre-College State Overseas, Programs of U.S. Professional (see Profes- Cost Institutions sional Schools, Programs) Courts, Legal Overseas, Institutions and Transfer Creative Arts Systems Undergraduates Curriculum, Methods, Media Personnel Services Underprivileged Curriculum, Structure, Philosophy of Education Women isciplines Planning, Regional and State Student Services (see Personnel Endowments (see Coordination) Services) Environment, Learning Private Institutions Teaching/Learning Evaluation, Measurement Professional Schools, Pro- Technology in Management of Faculty: grams: Higher Education (for Academic Senate Education Technology in Teaching Committee Structure Engineering see Curriculum Methods; Department Chairmen Law see also Librarians)

Faculty Ranks Medicine, Dentistry Tuition, Fees 1,! Fellows, Visit. Lect. Nursing Urban Institutions xiiiTopical Index Academic Freedom Mc Craig, 79 Caffrey/Isaacs, 168 Andes, 140 Meehan, 3 Cox, 168 Berdahl, 82 Melville, 118 Curtis, 161 Crane, 141 Morishima, 9, 112 Dubin, 162, 169 Gardner, 30 O'Banion, 68 Engbretson/Adams, 169 Gatchel, 101 Owen, 79 Fein/Weber, 153 Hassenger, 14 Pace, 17 Goins, 85 Hughes, 141 Perkins, 79 Grant, 170 Pa Iola, 90 Phay, 73 Graybeal/Martin, 170 Rapaport, 143 Pieper, 39 Greenough/King, 170 Ridge, 97 Rhett, 91 Gross/Grambsch, 78 Troyer, 151 Richards, 18 Hansen, 163 Ridge, 97 Harbison, 170 Accreditation, Certification Roueche, 119 Harris, 170 Bloland, 83 Schultze, 10 Hewitt/Cope, 31 Coordinating Council, 83 Selim, 4 Hoenach, 163 Etzkorn, 85 Sewell, 26 Ingraham, 171 Medsker, 88 Shapira, 4 Koenig/Kenney, 125 Nechasek, 89 Shimbori, 69 Koski, 125 Pierce, 90 Sommer, 177 Lazarsfeld, 78 Spurr, 138 Spencer, 113 North, 173 Veldman, 127 Sterrett, 32 Owen, 79 Troyer, 151 Rogers, 173 Administrators Veldman, 127 Severance, 174 Academic Deans/Registrars Wallach, 5 Southwick, 174 Astin, 12 Wallhaus, 68 Thomas, 143 Austin, 12 Walter, 106 Wallhaus/Amundsen, 49 Bagley, 13 Wheeler, 177 White, 144 Bowman, 35 Whit la, 5 Zachary/Ehart, 5 Bridges, 36, 55 Willingham, 11 Burgess, 83 Wilson, 5 Presidents/ Chancellors Caffrey, 160 Wuest, 19 Acett,, 14 Carpenter, 133 External Relations/ Public Andes, / 40 Carroll, 100 Relations Atkinsar, , 76 Casserly, 8 Brown, 140 Bagley/Nasca, 13 Christie, 129 Caffrey, 168 Berdahl, 82 Corrigan, 123 Eberle, 134 Boland/Hawley, 83 Craeger, 13 Eulau, 162 Bonnen, 132 Doi, 84, 115 Farris, 141 Brown, 140 Dressel, 77 Gove, 163 Burgess, 83 Dubin, 67 Knoblauch, 55 Caffrey, 160 Ed ling, 123 Snider, 165 Chambers, 168 Egner, 29 Washburn, 93 Doi, 115 Ellis, 14 Doi/Lancaster, 84 Freedman, 44 Facilities/Buildings & GroundsDressel, 77 Gatchel, 101 Amundsen, 137 Dubin, 67, 169 Gough, 102 Austin, 12 Duster/Lehmann, 84 Gross, 77, 78 Bonser, 176 Eberle, 77 Halls, 68 Clarcq, 97 Edwards/McGregor, 115 Hamblin, 71 Donatelli, 176 Egner/Volkwein, 29 Hansen, 71, 72 Dungan, 84 Farris/Thornas, 141 Hughes, 141 Eberle, 162 Gatchel, 101 Hunter, 63 Goins, 85 Gross/Grambsch, 77, 78, 80 Hurlburt, 85 Haviland, 176 Hansen, 163 Hutton, 147 Flaring, 177 Harris, 170 Jacobson, 96 Jones, 177 Heding/Bowers, 63 Jay, 72 Koski, 125 Hunter, 63 Johnson, 163 Libassi, 142 Jacobson, 96 Kearney, 142 Meier, 164 Johns/Cook, 63 Keeton, 142 Morishima, 147 Kearney, 142 Koski, 125 Stotland, 18 Keeton/Dennis, 142 Lannholm, 153 Troyer, 143 Kintzer/Jensen/Hansen, 86 Le May, 130 Wheeler, 177 Kleis, 172 Libassi, 142 Whitney, 19 Koski, 125 Lunsford, 78 Ladd, 142 Mathis, 125 Financial Officers Langan, 78 Mayhew, 3 Alter, 160 Lee/Brown, 87 McConnell, 64 Bowen/Benacerraf, 160 Lee, E. C., 87

xivTopical Index Libassi, 142 Gerson, 44 Snider, 165 Lodahl, 87 Grout, 36 Sommer, 177 Lunsford/Lyons, 78 Heist, 36 Stakenas, 92 McConnell/Mortimer, 64 Hood, 3 Stearns, 165 Mc Craig, 79 Killcross, 9 Stotland, 18 McGrath, 87, 88 Kosaki, 37 Tulane, 98 Mc Keough, 79 Mayhew, 3 Wheeler, 177 Miller/Ducanis, 126 Morishima, 45 Winandy, 19 Miller/Lee/Miller, 96 Munro, 38 Woodring, 98 Miller, R. L., 96 Newcomb,.45 Mullins, 79 Newburn, 10 Career/Vocation Pa lola/Lehmann, 90 Norfleet, 10 Pan American Union, 173 Nosal, 38 Andringa, 58 Perkins/McCoy, 79 Oosthoek, 17 Angrist, 22 Pierce/Stalcup, 79 Pautz, 45 Astin, 12, 35, 46 Rhett, 91 Pervin, 47 Baird, 35 Ridge, 97 Pollock, 45 Berdie, 22 Roueche/Boggs, 119 Rapaport, 65 Bjorkquist, 132 Siebert, 138 Reed, 45 Bowman, 35 Stahr, 31 Satinsky, 46 Boykin, 47 Stanton, 120 Selim, 4 Brown, 48 Stiles, 105 Sewell, 26 Cabrera, 29 Thomas, 143 Shapira, 4 Cardozier, 51 Troyer, 32, 151 Spencer, 113 Casserly, 8 Warner/Ferrari, 80 Stegman, 39 Clark, 161 Washburn, 93 Tillery, 4 Clear, 6 White, 144 Watts, 32 Colvard, 70 Wise, 144 White, 10 Cooley, 6 Williamson, 46 Dunbar, 133 Regents/Trustees Winandy, 19 Dunn, 53 Allen, 166 Yonge, 19 Elton, 23 Brown, 140 Espinheira, 8 Colvard/Bennett, 70 Benefactors, Bequests Fehlig, 95 Coord. Council H. E., 76 Allen, 166 Flacks, 29 Duster/Lehmann, 84 Bent, 167 Foster, 6 Eberle, 77 Bonser, 176 Gervais, 134 Etzkorn, 85 Chambers, 168 Gilbert, 124 Gardner, 30 Colvard, 168 Gillie, 15, 27 Gatchel, 101 Eck aus, 169 Glock, 53 Gove, 163 Harris, 170 Grout, 36 Gross/Grambsch, 77 Hansen, 170 Hartnett, 62, 78 Campus, Plant Size, Location Heist, 36 Hurlburt/Varney, 85 Allen, 176 Holland, 3, 35, 48 Kearney, 142 Allen, 166 Kaufman, 48, 171 Keeton/Dennis, 142 Alexander, 92 Katz, 48 Ladd, 142 Amundsen, 137 Kelly, 63 Langan, 78 Anderson, 167 Kosaki, 37 McConnell/Mortimer, 64 Bagley, 13 Koval, 15 Rauh, 79 Boland, 83 Kurtz, 16 Rhett, 91 Bonser, 176 Lang, 49 Thomas, 143 Conger, 84 Lawrence, 52 Washburn, 93 Donatelli, 176 Littig, 172 White, 144 Driessel, 70, 161 Lozano, 163 Wise, 144 Dungan, 84 Mitchell, 172 Eberle, 162 Morsbach, 49 Attrition-Persistence Goins, 85 Mueller, 54 Anderson, 8 Grant, 130 Munro, 38 Astin, 5, 35 Haring, 176 Newcomb, 25 Austin, 12 Haviland, 177 Nosal, 38 Avner, 7, 43 Hitch, 95 Palmer, 143 Bagley, 44 Innis, 96, 171 Peterson, 119 Baird, 35 Jones, 177 Pollock, 45 Beach, 1 Larsen, 31 Rapaport, 65 Bowman, 35 Matthews, 138 Rossi, 26, 54 Brown, 44 Meier, 164 Schlossberg, 49 Butler, 13 Moon, 89 Seaman, 174 Chickering, 13 Morishima, 147 Skager, 52 Cope, 13 Nelson, 177 Spaeth, 54 Danskin, 44 Newcomb, 17, 59 Spivack, 26 Davis, 146 Pauk, 130 Stegman, 39 Ellis, 14 Rand, 130 Stern, 135 )1 Espinheira, 8 Rayder, 131 Thoenes, 49 Fleisch, 44 Regan, 26 Tillery, 10 Freedman, 44 Sinnett, 131 Trpw, 49 Fundis, 162 Smith, 135 Wilson, 27

xvTopical Index Community College Ingraham, 171 Nelson-Jones, 177 Anderson, 8, 95 Jay, 72 Palola, 90 Arnold, 22 Kelly, 63 Pan American Union, 173 Astin, 12 McGee, 72 Planning Council (Den.), 90 Baber, 62 Parsons, 65 Poignant, 71 Bonser, 176 Rogers, 164 Quinteros, 164 Cashin, 62 Rose, 74 Radner, 173 Coordinating Council, 76 Siebert, 138 Ruiter, 164 Dean, 156 Sommers, 39 Russel, 119 Dubin, 169 Spivack, 26 Seifrit, 36, 92 Ducanis, 23 Consulting, Contract Research Sheffield, 119 Stalcup, 92 Farris, 71 Bonnen, 132 Fehlig, 95 Stanton, 120 Colvard, 70 Sterns, 165 Gianini, 68 Hiindle, 116 Gillie, 15, 27 Sutton, 165 Southwick, 174 Terman, 155 Hall, 36 Viederman, 106 Hedlund, 130 Tickton, 165 Holland, 35, 48 Coordinafion, Regional and Tillery, 10 Hunter, 63 State West, 93 Hurlburt, 48 Widmaier, 93 Allen, 166 Williams, 120 Johnson, 103 Alter, 160 Kaufman, 48 Williams, 93 Anello, 82 Wilson, 120 Kelly, 63 Armbruster, 167 Kintzer, 86 Wright, 165 Atkinson, 76 Zymelman, 175 Kinker, 72 Avner, 7 Knoell, 86 Banovetz, 31 Cost Lunneborg, 55 Berdahl, 82 Barker, 123 Lysaught, 154 Bonser, 176 Bolton, 167 Mauss, 31 California Coordinating Bonser, 176 McOuat, 88 Council, 76, 83 Bowen, 160 Menz, 9 Carbone, 36 Buwalda, 167 Meyer, 96 Campbell, 160 Caffrey, 168 Mitzel, 126 Cerych, 83 Corrallo, 168 Morishima, 9 Choudhury, 160 Daniere, 169 Morrison, 73 Clark, 83 Harbison, 170 Moynihan, 89 Conger, 84 Hitch, 95 Munro, 38 Cox, 84 Innis, 171 Murphy, 64 Darnes, 8 Judy, 171 Norfieet, 10 Davidson, 147 Keene, 171 O'Banion, 68 Doi, 84 Parker, 105 Peterson, 119 Donatelli, 176 Persons, 135 Roark, 73 Dubin, 169 Planning Council (Den.), 90 Rogers, 173 Dungan, 84 Radner, 173 Roueche, 119 Froehlich, 162 Rogers, 173 Scales, 68, 173 Fundis, 162 Schleifer, 174 Schultze, 10 Goins, 85 Severance, 174 Skager, 35, 43, 52 Graybeal, 63 Siegel, 166, 174 Smith, 135 Halls, 68 Southwick, 174 Snider, 165 Halstead, 85 Stewart, 174 Stalcup, 92 Harbison, 170 Terman, 155 Stickler, 92 Heck, 85 Viederman, 106 Stokes, 175 Hoevell, 124 Woodring, 98 Trow, 60 Hurlburt, 48, 85 Usdan, 88 Inforonics, 124 Courts, Legal Ward, 74 Jaffe, 3 Anello, 82 Janne, 163 Berdahl, 82 Compensation Jones, 177 Bloland, 83 Bolton, 167 Kane, 163 I3onnen, 132 13onser, 176 Kaufman, 48 Carpenter, 133 Brisco, 132 Kazamias, 163 Chambers, 141, 168 Browne, 69 Kennedy, 172 Clark, 83 Caldwell, 70 Lash, 86 Cox, 168 Chase, 133 Lee, 87 D'Amico, 152 Colvard, 70 Lee, 172 Edwards, 115 Dubin, 67 Mayhew, 147 Eulau, 162 Eckert, 70 McHugh, 155 Gove, 163 Farris, 71 McOuat, 88 Harris, 116 Garbarino, 169 Melville, 118 Heck, 85 Graybeal, 170 Minar, 88 Hughes, 141, 147 Greenough, 170 Mitchell, 172 Kleis, 172 Gutzwiller, 137 Moehlman, 89, 143 Lee, 87 Hamblin, 71 Mork, 135 Libassi, 142 Hansen, 163 Nakamura, 164 Minar, 88 Harris, 170 Nasal, 118 Palola, 90

xviTopical Index

0.1. or Pierce, 79, 90 Swats, 113 Holland, 4, 48 Rapaport, 143 Sykes, 151 Hurlburt, 85 Siebert, 138 Taylor, 97 Iscoe, 24 Snider, 165 Thornton, 127 Jelavich, 103 Thomas, 143 Tulane, 98 Jenne, 59 Troyer, 143 Twelker, 120 Johnson, 33 Viederman, 106 Van Campen, 113 Jones, 104 Washburn, 93 Waher, 128 Jones, 63 Wilds, 151 Klassen, 117 Creative Arts Wolf, 139 Knoell, 86 Baird, 35 Woodring, 98 Koval, 15 Henry, 37 Kurtz, 16 Rizzo lo, 127 Curricultmt, Structure, Lalloue, 86 Stalcup, 92 Disciplines Larsen, 31 Thoenes, 49 Lash, 86 Allen, 76, 166 Lesser, 122 Allen, 122 Curricuhnu, Methods, Media Litzinger, 87 Arkoff, 7 Lucas, 16 Abrahamson, 122 Armstrong, 69 Maas, 1 1 1 Allen, 122 Arnold, 82 Mallinson, 25 Apt, 58, 146 Axelrod, 99 March, 68 Baldwin, 149 Bardon, 82 McGrath, 87, 88 Barker, 123 Beard, 150 Meyer, 88 Beach, 50 Bonser, 176 Miller, 96 I3eard, 99, 156 Borg, 123 Moon, 89 Berengarten, 132 forts, 150 Moore, 104, 105 I3iggs, 58 Brimer, 100 Morishima, 52 Carpenter, 123 Burgess, 83 Mork, 135 Cheifetz, 109 Bury, 109 Morton, 126 Coward, 100 Cane, 62 Mosher, 135 Curtis, 109 Cardozier, 151 Mouly, 118 Denny, 115 Cervellini, 100 Nakamura, 164 Down, 158 Cheifetz, 109 Newcomb, 45 Dubin, 70 Coleman, 150 O'Connor, 89 Edling, 110, 123 Conger, 84 Olmsted, 158 Fink, 124 Corrigan, 123 Parkman, 112 Goldberg, 94 Counelis, 51 Peck, 112 Griffin, 110 Cruickshank, 100 Peck, 158 Hall, 110 Culbertson, 76 Peterson, 97 Hamblen, 124 Curti, 109 Phay, 137 Hansen, 124 Daniels, 168 Pieper, 39 Haviland, 177 Dean, 156 Planning Council (Den.), 90 Hawkes, 110 Danskin, 44 Rapaport, 65 Heddendorf, 103 Denny, 115 Ridge, 97 Hoevell, 124 Devisse, 101 Rodman, 113 Hutcheson, 111 Dixon, 115 Satinsky, 46 Ivey, 136 Down, 158 Scheiber, 3 Jones, 104 Dressel, 77 Schein, 54 Joyce, 125 Dubois, 101 Skager, 43 Kersh, 104, 150 Dugas, 109 Spurr, 138 Koen, 111 Durstine, 109 Stacy, 113 Kosyungen, 64 Duster, 84 Stakenas, 92 Krislov, 11 1 Eberman, 101 Stickler, 92 Lindzey, 111 Eckert, 157 Stone, 106 Lysaught, 52 Edling, 110, 123 Stone, 113 Maas, 111 Eggertsen, 95 Troyer, 151 McClure, 112 Elton, 23 , 98 McGinn, 126 Faculty of Medicine UniversityViederman, 106 Merrill, 126 of 'Toronto, 152 Wallhaus, 68 Miles, 138 Foote, 110 Washburn, 93 Mitzel, 126 Geis, 101 Wells, 151 Morton, 126 Gerson, 44 Wheeler, 155 Parker, 105 Gertz, 146 Whiteside, 98 Patel, 118 Gervais, 134 Wilcox, 114 Payne, 158 Gilbert, 124 Willey, 120 Peck, 158 Gumperz, 102 Williams, 120 Rapaport, 138 Gurin, 23 Willsey, 106 Rizzolo, 127 Halttunen, 105 Willson, 114 Satinsky, 46 Hamill, 102 Woodring, 98 School of Med., 113 Havens, 103 Young, 158 Sherman, 151 Hawkes, 103 Skapske, 127 Hawkes, 110 Endowments Snyder, 60 Heist, 36 Stacy, 113 Hillier, 103 Allen, 166 Sterns, 165 Hook, 150 Bent, 167 xviiTopical Index Bolton, 167 Reed, 45 O'Connor, 56 Co lvard, 168 Regan, 26 Pace, 17, 90 Etzkorn, 85 Rhett, 91 Pascal, 105 Harris, 170 Richards, 18 Perloe, 33 Lalloue, 86 Ruthenberg, 34 Petrie, 112 McGrath, 87, 88 Sanford, 119 Pieper, 39 Satinsky, 46 Radner, 173 Environment, Learning Scheiber, 3 Ralph, 138 Skager, 35 Ruthenberg, 52 Alexander, 99 Smith, 135 Sanazaro, 155 Astin, 12, 28, 35 Snyder, 18 Scheiber, 3 Austin, 12 Sommer, 177 Schlesser, 52 Axelrod, 99 Stakenas, 92 Seaman, 174 Bagley, 13 Sterrett, 32 Skager, 52 Baur, 22 Taylor, 97 Spencer, 39, 52, 56, 60, 113 Boland, 83 Trent, 55 Stegman, 39 Breen, 152 Trow, 60 Via, 19 Butler, 13 Troyer, 10, 151 Warrington, 27 Centre, 13 Turner, 18 White, 10 Clossick, 13 Vivrett, 165 Whitla, 57 Cooley, 6 Wallhaus, 68 Wilds, 151 Cope, 13 Walter, 128 Wilson, 5 Creager, 13 Watts, 32 Doi, 115 Whiteside, 98 Faculty Down, 158 Wolf, 139 Academic Senate Driessel, 161 Woodring, 98 Egner, 29 Andes, 140 Wrightsman, 34 Boland, 83 Elton, 23 Wuest, 19 Fiedler, 14 Farris, 141 Yonge, 19 Hubbell, 63 Gamson, 30 Yuker, 27 Gillie, 15 Johns, 63 Mayhew, 142 Grant, 130 Evaluation, Measurement Hamblin, 71 McConnell, 64 Hassenger, 14 Astin, 12 Palola, 90 Heath, 24 Bagby, 129 Perkins, 79 Heist, 36, 37 Baird, 35 Redefer, 73 Henry, 37 Bardon, 82 Smith, 143 Hilberry, 15 Beggs, 55 Troyer, 143 Hitch, 95 Bradley, 108 Wise, 144 Huber, 15 Bridges, 55 Committee Structure Janne, 163 Cabrera, 29 Jay, 72 Carroll, 100 Edwards, 115 Johnson, 103 Cassel, 36, 58 Hobbs, 141 Kennedy, 24 Centre, 13, 62 Johns, 63 King, 15 Christie, 129 McConnell, 64 Koval, 15 Copp, 70 Perkins, 79 Kurtz, 16 Cox, 51 Peterson, 97 Larsen, 31 Darnell, 109 Department Chairmen Lemert, 16 Feldhusen, 58 Lucas, 16 Halls, 68 Breen, 152 Marsland, 33 Hansen, 124 Brown, 146 Martin, 137, 142 Harrison, 2 Browne, 69 Mathis, 125 Hartley, 59 CYark, 67 Mauss, 31 Haven, 2 Dressel, 77 McClelland, 164 Healey, 116 Dubin, 67 McCormack, 155 Heding, 63 Fidler, 68 McDowell, 17 Hewitt, 31, 103 Fiedler, 14 McElrath, 17 Hilliard, 157 Frankie, 77 Meyer, 88 Holland, 3 Gatchel, 101 Miller, 96 Kane, 117 Gower, 134 Moehlman, 143 Killcross, 9 Gumperz, 102 Morton, 126 Lacuesta, 33 Hamblin, 71 Newcomb, 17, 45, 59 Lankford, 9 Hansen, 71 O'Connor, 89 Lunneborg, 55 Heiss, 153 Pace, 17, 90 Lysaught, 52 Lannholm, 153 Palmer, 16 Maas, 111 Parsons, 65 Pate, 17 Mann, 59 Peck1112 Peck, 158 Marvin, 125 Perkins, 79 Pemberton, 25 Matthijsen, 87 Peterson, 97 Perloe, 33 Mayo, 104 Phay, 73 Pervin, 17 McCartney, 154 Richards, 18 Peterson, 97 McKeough, 79 Ridge, 97 Rapaport, 143 McLaughlin, 38 Stickler, 92 Rayder, 131 Munn, 82 Wallhaus, 68 Reboussin, 34 Nosal, 38 Wilcox, 114 xviiiTopical Index

01.11, Faculty Ranks Peck, 112 Wells, 151 Phay, 73 Willsey, 106 Albornoz, 66 Redefer, 73 Amstutz, 140 Ridge, 97 Others, Adjunct. Andes, 140 Robinson, 73 Brimer, 100 Bagley, 13 Rose, 74 Dressel, 77 Bloland, 83 Ruthenberg, 52 Dubin, 67 Bonser, 176 Scales, 68 Edling, 123 Brisco, 132 School of Med. USC, 113 Peterson, 97 Brown, 145 Sheffield, 74 Caffrey, 160 Fellowships, Grants (see Schol- Sherrell, 74 arships, Work-Study) Cashin, 62 Shimbori, 69 Cassel, 58 Siebert, 138 Foundations Castro, 152 Smith, 143 Allen, 166 Chambers, 62 Southwick, 174 Armbruster, 167 Corrigan, 123 Spalding, 151 Bent, 167 Dressel, 77 Stacy, 113 Bonnen, 132 East, 51 Stanton, 120 Bonser, 176 Eckert, 70 Tolle, 65 Chambers, 168 Ed ling, 123 Trow, 60 Colvard, 70, 168 Eggertsen, 95 Troyer, 32, 60 Corrigan, 123 Farris, 71 Viederman, 106 Eckaus, 169 Feldhusen, 58 Wallhaus, 68 Etzkorn, 85 Fiedler, 14 Ward, 74 Fein, 153 Frankie, 77 Wilcox, 114 Gower, 134 Freedman, 30 Wiggins, 114 Hlindle, 116 Friedman, 71 Willsey, 106 Kephart, 49 Garbarino, 169 Wilson, 61 Mitchell, 172 Gatchel, 101 Wright, 165 Peterson, 119 Geis, 101 Woodring, 98 Rauh, 79 Gianini, 68 Smith, 135 Graybeal, 71 Fellows, Visit. Lect. Stern, 135 Griffith, 116 Tickton, 97 Gross, 77, 78 Eckert, 157 Eggertsen, 116 Ward, 136 Hall, 59 Warner, 80 Hamblin, 71 Newcomb, 59 Hansen, 71 Stone, 106 General Education Hartley, 59 Underwood, 136 Axelrod, 99 Hassenger, 14 Librarians Bagley, 13 Havelock, 117 Baur, 22 Heding, 63 Blasingame, 132 Bevan, 23 Heiss, 153 Carpenter, 123 Bonser, 176 Hillier, 103 Edling, 123 Brown, 44 Hubbell, 63 Hurlburt, 85 Chickering, 13 Hunter, 63 Inforonics, 124 Corrigan, 123 Jay, 72 Loftus, 154 Dressel, 95 Johns, 63 Meyer, 96 Glock, 53 Johnson, 103 Nance, 126 Goldberg, 102 Jones, 177 O'Connor, 89 Gurin, 23 Keeton, 142 Shawhan, 97 Heath, 24 Kelly, 63 Taylor, 97 Hoevell, 124 Kersh, 117 Vaughan, 136 Hurlburt, 85 Kinker, 72 Victor, 127 Janne, 163 Koen, 64 Jencks, 24 LeMay, 130 Research, Teaching Assistants Kingsley, 55 Lemert, 16 Alexander, 67 Koen, 111 Lightscy, 118 Brown, 145 Lodahl, 87 Lozano, 163 Chambers, 62 Loftus, 147 March, 68 Chase, 67 Martin, 142 Martin, 142 Clark, 67 Matthijsen, 87 McClelland, 164 D'Amico, 152 McClelland, 164 McConnell, 64 Dressel, 77 McGrath, 87, 88 McGee, 72 Dubin, 67 Meyer, 88 McGirt, 61 Fidler, 68 Miller, 96 McKeachic, 59 Jerison, 150 Morton, 126 Meier, 164 Koen, 64 Olmsted, 158 Meyer, 73 Maas, 111 Parkman, 112 Meyer, 96 Mann, 59 Pascal, 105 Miller, 96 Newcornb, 17 Sommer, 177 Milton, 31 Rand, 130 Stakenas, 92 Morishima, 112 Sanford, 119 Stalcup, 92 Morrison, 73 Satinsky, 46 Taylor, 97 Murphy, 64 Scales, 68 Whiteside, 98 Nasca, 118 Tolle, 65 Wilsont 34 Parsons, 65 Viederman, 106 Woodrmg, 98 xixTopical Index 1:

Governance, Internal Wise, 144 Hawkes, 103 Wuest, 19 Heding, 63 Aceto, 140 Hewitt, 31, 103 Allen, 166 Government, Federal Hurlburt, 85 Amstutz, 140 Arnold, 82 Jencks, 24 Andes, 140 Bloland, 83 Judy, 171 Anello, 82 Bonser, 176 Lalloue, 86. Astin, 144 Colvard, 70 Lee, 87 Atkinson, 76 Cox, 84 Lodahl, 87 Berdahl, 82 Daniere, 169 Lozano, 163 Blo land, 83 Fein, 19 Martin, 142 Boland, 83 Gower, 134 McClelland, 164 Brown, 145 Harris, 116 McCormack, 87, 96 Brown, 140 Kleis, 172 McGrath, 87, 88 Caldwell, 29 Libassi, 142 McHugh, 155 Cox, 84 Medsker, 88 Meyer, 88 Crane, 141 Miller, 172 Moehlrnan, 143 Doi, 84, 115 Rogers, 164 Munn, 89 Dressel, 77 Shell, 174 Newcomb, 59 Dubin, 67, 162 Southwkk, 174 Nye, 96 Duster, 84 Thomas, 143 Olmsted, 158 Eberle, 77 Troyer, 151 Pace, 90 Edwards, 115 von Rundstedt, 175 Palmer, 16 Egner, 29 Wood, 136 Palmer, 96 Engbretson, 141 Zymelman, 175 Pate, 17 Farris, 141 Planning Council (Den.), 90 Flacks, 29 Government, State & Local Radner, 173 Freedman, 30 Allen, 166 Rhett, 91 Garbarino, 169 Berdahl, 82 Ruthenberg, 91 Gardner, 30 Bonscr, 176 Sanford, 119 Gatchel, 101 Caffrey, 168 Schein, 54 Gross, 77, 78 Chambers, 168 Schultze, 10 Haas, 30 Cope, 168 Salim, 4 Hartnett, 78 Cox, 84, 168 Stahr, 31 Heckman, 30 Dungan, 84, 169 Stickler, 92 Hubbell, 63 Eulau, 162 Thomsen, 106 Hunter, 63 Fein, 153 Tickton, 97 Jacobson, 96 Goins, 85 Troyer, 32, 143, 151 Jenne, 59 Gove, 163 Usdan, 88 Johns, 63 Gower, 134 von Friedeburg, 32 Kearney, 142 Grant, 170 Wallach, 5 Kerpelman, 31 Hansen, 163 Washburn, 93 Keeton, 142 Libassi, 142 White, 44 Kintzer, 86 McClelland, 164 Widmaicr, 93 Ladd, 142 Moynihan, 89 Woodring, 98 Langan, 78 Pettengill, 173 Lee, 87 Thomas, 143 International (see Overseas) LeMay, 130 Walton, 175 Junior College (see Community Lemert, 16 Widmaier, 93 College) Libassi, 142 Woodring, 98 Legislature (see Courts, Legal) Lodahl, 87 Zachary, 5 Lunsford, 78 Measurement (see Evaluation) Martin, 137 Industrial, Business (see Foun- Overseas, Programs of U.S. Mayhew, 147 dations) McClelland, 164 Institutions McConnell, 64 Institutional Goals, Assump Arnold, 82 McCraig, 79 tions Christie, 137 McGrath, 87, 88 Astin, 12 Embree, 134 Milton, 31 Berdahl, 82 Johnson, 86 Mullins, 79 Boland, 83 McCormack, 89, 96, 102, 155 Murphy, 64 13orgmann, 95 Wood, 136 Palola, 90 Casserly, 8 Perim 33 Centra, 62 Overseas, Institutions and Sys. Perkins, 79 Ccrych, 83 terns Pierce, 79 Clara], 97 Ahmed, 47 Rapaport, 143 Clear, 6 Albornoz, 66 Rauh, 79 Daniels, 168 Anderson, 149 Redefer, 73 Doi, 84, 115 Anello, 82 Rhett, 91 Dressel, 95 Avner, 7, 43, 160 Ridge, 97 Dunlop, 150 Beard, 150 Smith, 143 Duster, 84 Brown, 48 Sterrett, 32 Egner, 29 Browne, 69 Troyer, 32, 79, 151 Etzkorn, 85 Burgess, 83 von Friedeburg, 32 Hiindle, 116 Burleson, 133 Woodring, 98 Harris, 170 13utterfield, 55

xx Topical Index Castro, 152 White, 10 Moehlman, 89, 143 Cervellini, 100 Widmaier, 93 Munn, 89 Cerych, 83 Wong, 106 O'Connor, 89 Choudhury, 160 Zymelman, 175 Palmer, 16 Clark, 83 Sack, 105 Clark, 161 Personnel Services Spurr, 138 Cox, 8, 51 Arnold, 22 Thomsen, 106 Cumming, 129 Bagby, 129 Troyer, 151 Davis, 146 I3aber, 62 Twelker, 120 Devisse, 101 Barger, 129 Wilson, 34 Dias, 48 Berger, 1 Williams, 120 Dunbar, 133 Brooks, 108 Dunn, 53 Centra, 13 Planning, Regional and State Duster, 84 Christie, 129 (see Coordination) Edwards, 115, 141 Cooley, 6 Eggertsen, 116 Cosby, 76 Private Institutions Espinheira, 8 Cumming, 129 Allen, 166 Faculty of Med., 152 Dewey, 76 Arnold, 82 Fiseman, 23 Farris, 141 Arnold, 22 Fundis, 162 Fehlig, 95 Astin, 12, 22 Gillis, 30, 134 Freedman, 44 Bellagamba, 82 Gower, 134 Grant, 130 Bennett, 44 Gumperz, 102 Havighurst, 2 Bent, 167 Halls, 68 Hedlund, 130 Berdahl, 82 Hansen, 71, 72, 163 Ivey, 130 Blum, 28 Harbison, 170 Kaufman, 171 Boland, 83 , 37 Langer, 37 Bonser, 176 Janne, 163 Lawrence, 52 I3owen, 160 Jenne, 59 LeMay, 130 Brown, 140 Kazamias, 163 Lucas, 16 Caldwell, 29 Kennedy, 172 Margolin, 55 Carbone, 36 Killcross, 9 Marvin, 125 Centra, 23 Kim, 86 Mathis, 125 Chickering, 13 Knoblauch, 55 McGirt, 61 Christie, 137 Kosyungan, 64 McGowan, 56 Clark, 83 Lacuesta, 33 Morishima, 9 Corrigan, 123 Lodahl, 87 O'Banion, 68 Cox, 84 Lugo, 154 Parsons, 65 Crane, 84 Mahadeva, 38 Pauk, 130 Daniels, 168 March, 68 Pervin, 17 Davidson, 161 Marsland, 33 Rand, 130 Doermann, 161 Matsuzaka, 134 Rayder, 131 Doi, 84 McClelland, 164 Satinsky, 46 Donatelli, 176 McCraig, 79 Sewell, 26 Eberle, 77, 162 McGinn, 126 Sinnett, 131 Eckert, 70 Meyer, 88 Stuart, 60 Ellis, 14 Minogue, 104 Veldman, 127 Fehlig, 95 Mitchell, 172 Walz, 131 Freedman, 44 Moehlman, 89 Wheeler, 177 Gross, 77, 78, 80 Mork, 135 Wilkerson, 136 Grout, 36 Morsbach, 49 Yinger, 5 Hall, 59 Munn, 89 Harris, 170 Nakamura, 164 Philosophy of Education Hassenger, 14 Oosthoek, 17, 45 Allen, 166 Iteath, 24 Pan American Union, 173 Axelrod, 99 lieck, 85 Patel, 118 Boland, 83 Heckman, 30 Planning Council (Den.), 90 Bonser, 176 Ileist, 2, 14, 36 Poignant, 91 Colvard, 168 Henry, 37 Ponniab, 105 Crane, 141 Hilberry, 15 Power, 39 Dunlop, 150 Ingraham, 171 Quinteros, 164 Edwards, 85, 115 Jones, 104 Rapaport, 65 Etzkorn, 85 Katz, 54 Renner, 164 Fehlig, 95 Kearney, 142 Rhett, 91 Halttunen, 102 Keeton, 142 Schleifer, 174 Kazamias, 163 Kerpelman, 31 Sheffield, 74 Kim, 86 King, 15 Shimbori, 69 Lalloue, 86 Koval, 15 Spurr, 138 Loftus, 147 Kurtz, 16 Thomsen, 106 Martin, 142 Ladd, 142 Tyler, 27 Matthijsen, 87 LaForge, 24 Ukai, 65 Mayhew, 138 Langan, 78 Van, 65 McClelland, 164 Lalloue, 86 von Friedeburg, 32 McGrath, 87, 88 Liggett, 172 von Rundstedt, 175 McNeur, 104 Littig, 49 Ward, 74 Meyer, 88 Lit7ingor, 87 xxlTopical Index Lozano, 163 Kosyungan, 64 Other Professions and General Martin, 142 Lawrence, 52 Berengarten, 132 McDowell, 17 Lee, 117 Bonser, 176 McGee, 72 Lesser, 118, 122 Brooks, 108 McGrath, 87, 88 Lightsey, 118 Brown, 145 McOuat, 88 Lysaught, 52 Clark, 161 Meyer, 88 Mayo, 104 Coleman, 150 Moon, 89 Minogue, 104 Davis, 146 Moore, 105 Moore, 104 Donatelli, 176 Parsons, 65 Mork, 135 Gervais, 134 Perloe, 33 Ponniah, 165 Gurin, 102 Rauh, 79 Rapaport, 65, 138 Haring, 176 Reboussin, 34 Shoudel, 56 Harris, 170 Reed, 45 Shulman, 148 Heckman, 130 Roberts, 31 Stiles, 105 Kurtz, 16 Rossi, 26 Van, 65 Marshall, 134 Russel, 119 Vaughan, 136 McCormack, 96, 155 Ruthenberg, 34, 91 Veldman, 127 Mosher, 135 Scales, 68, 173 Williams, 120 Nye, 96 Shoudel, 56 Wong, 106 Palmer, 96 Smith, 92 Palmer, 143 Spivack, 26 Engineering Payne, 158 Stanton, 120 Anderson, 146 Pieper, 39 Stewart, 174 Baldwin, 149 Quinteros, 164 Taylor, 97 Creager, 146 Rodman, 113 Thomas, 26 Kleine, 125 Stringer, 113 Tickton, 165 Nyhart, 135 Tickton, 165 Trent, 55 Olmsted, 158 Tulanc University, 98 Trow, 60 Schein, 54 Viederniln, 106 Warner, 80 Terman, 155 Woodring, 98 West, 93 Warner, 175 Young, 158 Whiteside, 98 Whit la, 57 Law Public, Constituency Williams, 120 Anderson, 146 Wilson, 27, 120 Nyhart, 135 Armbruster, 167 Wise, 144 Patton, 147 Asher, 53 Wuest, 19 Berdahl, 82 Schein, 54 Bolton, 167 Sykes, 151 Bonnen, 132 Professional Schools, Programs Medicine, Dentistry Braskamp, 167 Education Brooks, 108 Abrahamson, 122 Brown, 145 Alien, 76 Anderson, 146 Brown, 140 Anderson, 146 Beard, 91, 150, 156 Cabrera, 29 Anderson, 149 Castro, 152 Caffrey, 168 Apt, 58, 146 Dunlop, 150 Campbell, 160 Bardon, 82 Faculty of Medicine, 152 Cassel, 58 Berg, 152 Fein, 153 Chambers, 168 Borg, 123 Hilliard, 157 Chase, 133 Bowman, 35 Hutton, 147 Click, 161 Brimer, 100 Irwin, 153 Copp, 70 Burleson, 133 Lewis, 154 Crane, 84 Burrichter, 133 Loftus, 147, 154 D'Amico, 152 Cane, 62 Merrill, 126 Davidson, 161 Cardozier, 55 Miller, 147 Doak, 133 Carter, 51 Mitzel, 126 Doermann, 161 Christie, 129, 137 Nyhart, 135 Driessel, 161 Cruickshank, 100 Olmsted, 158 Dungan, 84 Culbertson, 76 Oosthoek, 45 Embree, 134 Denny, 115 Planning Council (Den.), 90 Engbretson, 141 East, 51 Resnikoff, 155 Etzkorn, 85 Eberman, 101 Sanazaro, 155 Farris, 141 Fiseman, 23 Satinsky, 46 Fehlig, 95 Gertz, 146 Schein, 54 Ferber, 162 Graybeal, 63 School of Medicine (USC), 113Freedman, 53 Halttunen, 102 Sherman, 151 Froehlich, 162 Hamill, 102 Troyer, 151 Fundis, 162 Heddendorf, 103 Wilds, 151 Gove, 163 Hook, 150 Handle, 116 Ivey, 130 Nursing Hansen, 170 Jones, 63 California Coordinating Coun- Haring, 176 Joyce, 125 cil, 83 Hassenger, 14 Kephart, 49 Eckert, 70 Hoenach, 163 Kersh, 104, 150 Leiserson, 153 Jones, 177 Klassen, 117 Lysaught, 154 Knoell, 86 xxiiTopical Index Lalloue, 86 Merrill, 126 Twelker, 120 Lee, 87 Mitchell, 172 Viederman, 106 Leiserson, 153 Mitzel, 126 Ward, 136 Le May, 130 Morishima, 112 Willey, 120 Lodahl, 87 Mork, 135 Williams, 120 Margolin, 55 Mosher, 135 Wilson, 120 Mason, 23, 31 Moynihan, 89 Wood, 136 Matsuzaka, 134 Nyhart, 135 Yale University, 128 Matthews, 138 Nye, 96 McGrath, 87, 88 Palmer, 96 Scholarships, Work-Study McHugh, 155 Peterson, 119 Awards Minar, 88 Planning Council (Den.), 90 Bolton, 167 Moehlman, 143 Poignant, 91 Butterfield, 55 Mork, 135 Smith, 135 Curtis, 161 Moynihan, 89 Southwick, 174 Daniere, 169 Mueller, 54 Stalcup, 92 Dungan, 169 North, 173 Stone, 113 Espinheira, 8 Palmer, 96 Tickton, 97 Fein, 153 Persons, 135 Underwood, 136 Grant, 170 Peterson, 119 Van, 65 Hoenach, 163 Pierce, 90 Vaughan, 136 Liggett, 172 Planning Council (Den.), 90 Viederman, 106 Lugo, 154 Ruiter, 164 Ward, 136 Rogers, 164 Snider, 165 Warner, 175 Shell, 174 Stearns, 165 Wood, 136 Thomas, 26 Stern, 135 Wallhaus, 49 Sutton, 165 Research Zachary, 5 Taylor, 39 Tickton, 97 Armstrong, 69 Social Change Troyer, 27 Astin, 22 Ahmed, 47 Underwood, 136 Blasingame, 132 Berdie, 1 Usdan, 88 Borts, 150 Block, 28 Ward, 136 Caffrey, 168 Bonnen, 132 Warner, 175 Carpenter, 133 Burleson, 133 Widmaier, 93 Culbertson, 76 Burrichter, 133 Williamson, 46 Denny, 115 Cerych, 83 Wright, 165 Dixon, 115 Clark, 83 Doi, 115 Clark, 161 Public Service Dubin, 67 Edling, 123 Doak, 133 Baldwin, 149 Eggertsen, 116 Edwards, 115 Banovetz, 131 Epps, 51 Fiseman, 23 Berengarten, 132 Faculty of Medicine, 152 Flacks, 29 Berg, 152 Freedman, 53 Gillis, 30, 134 Bjorkquist, 132 Griffith, 116 Heckman, 30 Blasingame, 132 Guba, 116 Israel, 37 Bonnen, 132 Handle, 116 Johnson, 33 Burleson, 133 Havelock, 117 Kerpelman, 31 Bury, 109 Hilliard, 157 Kleis, 172 Caffrey, 168 Hurlburt, 85 Lacuesta, 33 Carpenter, 133 Inforonics, 124 Lee, 9 Chase, 133 Keene, 171 Mason, 31 Doak, 133 Kersh, 117 McClelland, 164 Dubois, 101 Krahmer, 117 Minar, 88 Dunbar, 133 Lesser, 118 Moehlman, 143 East, 51 Lightsey, 118 Munn, 89 Eberman, 101 Loftus, 154 O'Connor, 89 Embree, 134 McClelland, 164 Olmsted, 158 Epps, 51 Melville, 118 Pace, 90 Gurin, 102 Mouly, 118 Sanford, 119 Hames, 134 Nasca, 118 Shoudel, 56 Harbison, 170 O'Connor, 82 Spaeth, 54 Havelock, 117 Parsons, 65 Troyer, 27 Hook, 150 Patel, 118 Underwood, 136 Kapoor, 134 Paulson, 119 von Friedeburg, 32 Keene, 171 Peterson, 119 Wilkerson, 136 Kleis, 172 Pinner, 119 Wright, 165 Kosyungan, 64 Russel, 119 Students Krahmer, 117 Ruthenberg, 91 Lewis, 154 Sanford, 119 Activist/Leader Mann, 172 Schoenfeldt, 4 Aceto, 140 Margolin, 55 Sheffield, 119 Block, 28 Marshall, 134 Shulman, 148 Flacks, 29 Matsuzaka, 134 Stanton, 120 Gamson, 30 McGowan, 56 Sykes, 151 Gillis, 30, 134 xxiiiTopical Index Haas, 30 Foreign Minority Groups Heckman, 30 Beard, 91 Alter, 160 Kerpelman, 31 Clark, 161 Boykin, 47 Le May, 130 Curtis, 109 Butler, 13 Nosal, 38 Embree, 134 Cabrera, 29 Rapaport, 143 McCormack, 87 Carter, 51 Roberts, 31 Spencer, 18 Engbretson, 141 von Friedeburg, 32 Epps, 51 Watts, 32 Fraternity/Sorority Foster, 6 Wise, 144 Armer, 28 Francis, 110 Alumni Gamson, 30 Hall, 36 Asher, 53 Watts, 32 Hedley, 2 Baldwin, 149 Jaffe, 3 Berdie, 22 Graduates Levy, 72 Brown, 140 Astin, 152 Libassi, 142 Cabrera, 29 Borts, 150 Rossi, 26 Caffrey, 168 Breen, 152 Shoudel, 56 Clark, 161 Chambers, 62 Sommers, 39 Creager, 146 Chase, 67 Spivack, 26 Dunn, 53 Clark, 67 Stahr, 31 Eckaus, 169 Clark, 161 Trow, 49 Fehlig, 95 D'Amico, 152 Wilkerson, 136 Freedman, 53 Daniels, 168 Glock, 53 Darlington, 152 Night Greeley, 54 Dean, 156 Nakamura, 38 Grout, 36 Devisse, 101 Katz, 54 Dixon, 115 Older/Retraining Kingsley, 55 Dubin, 67 Knoblauch, 55 Eckert, 157 Bjorkquist, 132 Kosaki, 37 Eggertsen, 95, 116 Hansen, 170 Lang, 49 Eurich, 157 Knoell, 86 Lebold, 153 Fidler, 68 Schlossberg, 49 Liggett, 172 Hamblin, 71 Stern, 135 Mann, 172 Haring, 176 Warner, 175 Marks, 16 Hawkes, 110 Morishima, 9, 25 Heiss, 153, 156 Pre-College Mueller, 54 Henderson, 157 Anderson, 50, 149 Newburn, 10 Jelavich, 103 Astin, 5, 35 Newcomb, 25 Jerison, 150 Bagby, 129 Olmsted, 158 Jones, 63 Bennett, 44 Persons, 135 Koen, 64 Berdie, 1 Rossi, 26 Lannholm, 153 Bertram, 108 Rossi, 54 Lemert, 16 Bevan, 23 Sanazaro, 155 Lesser, 122 Block, 28 Schein, 54 Lozano, 163 Boykin, 47 Schoenfeldt, 4 Lugo, 154 Casserly, 8 Shawhan, 97 Mayhew, 154 Centra, 23 Spaeth, 54 McCartney, 154 Clear, 6 Spivack, 26 McClure, 112 Cooley, 6 Taylor, 155 McHugh, 155 Creager, 13 Trent, 55 Morishima, 25, 147 Cumming, 129 Troyer, 27 Mouly, 118 Doermann, 161 Exceptional Power, 39 Dungan, 164 Quinteros, 164 Dunn, 8 Andringa, 58 Rossi, 54 Ellis, 14 Astin, 22, 152 Sheffield, 74 Engbretson, 169 Casserly, 8 Stickler, 92 Espinheira, 8 Ellis, 14 Suslow, 148 Flacks, 29 Heist, 2, 36, 37 Tickton, 165 Fleisch, 9, 44 Henry, 37 Trow, 60 Home Ec. (Kan.), 3 Foster, 6 Viederman, 106 Francis, 110 Israel, 37 Wells, 151 Jonietz, 37 Gurin, 23 Wheeler, 155 Harp, 24 King, 15 Willey, 120 Menz, 9 Haven, 2 Morishima, 31 Handicapped Havighurst, 2 Mueller, 38 Heckrnan, 30 Phillips, 39 Margolin, 55 Hood, 3 Satinsky, 46 McGowan, 56 Jaffe, 3 Sewell, 26 Sinnett, 131 Killcross, 9 Thomas, 10 Vaughan, 136 Lankford, 9 Liggett, 172 Thomas, 26 Married Tyler, 27 Lucas, 16 Yonge, 19 Morishima, 147 Mallinson, 25 xxivTopical Index Mathis, 125 Keeton, 142 Daniels, 168 Morsbach, 49 King, 15 Freedman, 53 Pate, 17 Koen, 111 Harding, 33 Phillips, 39 La Forge, 24 Johnson, 33 Scheiber, 3 Lee, 9 Katz, 54 Schoenfeldt, 4 Le May, 130 Mueller, 54 Spivack, 26 Levy, 72 Newcomb, 25 Stegman, 39 Marks, 16 Pemberton, 25 Taylor, 39 Mars land, 33 Rayder, 131 Thomas, 10 Martin, 142 Rossi, 54 Tillery, 4, 10 Mauss, 31 Whitney, 19 4 Troyer, 10 McOuat, 88 Williamson, 46 White, 10 Miller, 96 Wilson, 5 Wolins, 5 Morishima, 9 Wilson, 27, 53 Yinger, 5 Newcomb, 17 Yuker, 27 Norfleet, 10 Student Services (see Personnel Oosthoek, 17 Services) Professional (see Professional Pace, 90 Schools, Programs) Palmer, 16 Teaching/Learning Transfer Pascal, 105 Alexander, 67 Norfleet, 10 Pauk, 130 Alexander, 92 Troyer, 10 Pemberton, 25 Allen, 122 Willingham, 11 Perloe, 33 Apt, 58 Power, 39 Baur, 22 Undergraduates Regan, 26 Beach, 50 Sewell, 26 Beard, 91, 156 Ahmed, 47 Shawhan, 97 Biggs, 58 Amstutz, 140 Sommer, 177 Cassel, 36 Anderson, 8, 95 Stearns, 165 Chambers, 62 Anderson, 167 Sutton, 165 Clark, 67 Arkoff, 7 Trow, 60 Corrigan, 123 Arnold, 22 Velema, 56 Coward, 100 Astin, 5, 12, 35 Via, 19 Dugas, 109 Austin, 12 Walter, 128 Edling, 110, 123 Avner, 160 Warrington, 27 Eggertsen, 95 Biggs, 58 Widmaier, 93 Feldhusen, 58 Bonser, 176 Wiggins, 114 Fidler, 68 Butterfield, 55 Willingham, 11 French, 110 Buwalda, 167 Wright, 165 Geis, 101 Caffrey, 160 Wuest, 19 Gianini, 68 Carbone, 36 Goldberg, 14, 94 Casserly, 8, 11 Underprivileged Griffin, 110 Chickering, 13 Anderson, 176 Hall, 59 Clarcq, 97 Berdie, 1 Hall, 110 Clossick, 13 Berengarten, 132 Hansen, 124 Copp, 70 Berger, 1 Hansen, 71 Cox, 8 Bowman, 35 Harding, 33 Creager, 13 Boykin, 47 Hawkes, 110 Darnes, 8 Clark, 8 Hillier, 103 Dias, 48 Clear, 6 Hutcheson, 111 Donate Ili, 176 East, 51 Irwin, 153 Dressel, 95 Eberman, 101 Jerison, 150 Dubin, 169 Ellis, 14 Johnson, 103 Engbretson, 169 Foster, 6 Kersh, 150 Espinheira, 8 Fundis, 162 Kinker, 72 Fleisch, 9 Hall, 36 Kleine, 125 Fundis, 162 Harrison, 2 Koen, 64, 111 Gough, 102 Hedley, 2 Krislov, 111 Gurin, 23 Jaffe, 3 Lindzey, 111 Haring, 176 Jones, 104 Loftus, 147 Harp, 24 Knoell, 86 Lucas, 16 Hawkes, 110 Lash, 86 Lysaught, 52 Heath, 24 Lawrence, 52 Maas, 111 Heddendorf, 103 Lee, 117 Mallinson, 25 Heist, 14 Margolin, 55 Hines, 24 Mann, 59 Tillery, 10 McGinn, 126 Home Ec. (Kan. St. Univ.), 3 Walz, 131 Hood, 3 McKeachie, 59 Wilkerson, 136 Meyer, 73 Huber, 15 Yinger, 5 Hurlburt, 48 Miles, 138 Hughes, 141 Mordey, 112 Iscoe, 24 Women Morrison, 73 Jaffe, 3 Angrist, 22 Morton, 126 Jenne, 59 Cooley, 6 Munro, 38

xxvTopical Index Pace, 90 Technology in Management ofRadner, 173 Parker, 105 Higher Education (for Tillery, 4 Parsons, 65 Technology in Teaching von Rundstedt, 175 Pauk, 130 see Curriculum Methods; Whitla, 5 Paulson, 119 see also Librarians) Peck, 112 Amundsen, 137, 176 Urban Institutions Petrie, 112 Bailey, 140 Banovetz, 131 Pinner, 119 Bridges, 36 Bent, 167 Pool, 105 Curtis, 161 Berger, 1 Ralph, 138 Daniels, 168 Blasingame, 132 Rapaport, 65, 138 Goldberg, 102 Brown, 44 Rizzo lo, 127 Hamblen, 124 Caffrey, 168 Haviland, 177 Dean, 156 Scales, 68 Hitch, 95 Sheffield, 74 Doak, 133 Inforonics, 124 Ebermen, 101 Shimbori, 69 Judy, 171 Shulman, 148 Farris, 71 Kane, 163 Ferber, 162 Skager, 52 Koenig, 125 Fleisch, 9, 44 Skapske, 127 Koski, 125 Friedman, 71 Snyder, 60 Mann, 172 Froehlich, 162 Sommer, 177 Meier, 164 Gerson, 44 Spencer, 113 Miller, 96, 126 Gervais, 134 Stuart, 60 Nance, 126 Gutzwiller, 137 Taylor, 97 Victor, 127 Havighurst, 2 Thornton, 127 Walter, 106 Innis, 96, 171 Twelker, 120 White, 144 Jacobson, 96 Van Campen, 113 Yale University, 128 Knoell, 86 Vaughan, 136 Tuition, Fees Morishima, 147 Walter, 128 Bolton, 167 Moynihan, 89 Wells, 151 Bonser, 176 Satinsky, 46 Wilcox, 114 Harris, 170 Smith, 135 Willsey, 106 Hoenach, 163 Stalcup, 92 Wilson, 61 Koenig, 125 Trow, 60 Wilson, 34 Leiserson, 153 Usdan, 88 Wrightsman, 34 North, 173 Vivrett, 165

KEY TO RESEARCH PROJECT LISTINGS

NAME OFPRINCIPOEL- BEACH, LESLIER. RESEARCHER(S) Identifying the Potentially Successful TITLE OF PROJECT among Marginal College Entrants RESPONSIBLE INSTITUTION, AND Hope College, Holland, Michigan 49423; U.S. ADDRESS Office of Education & Institutional; November 1966June 1968 CHIEF SOURCE(S) OF FUNDSFOR" THIS PROJECT An exploratory comparison of 21 "marginal" applicants to Hope College admitted in fall of APPROXIMATE BEGINNING AND 1967 upon successful completion of a summer TERMINAL DATES OF PROJECT program,using periodicflexibleinterviews, general admissions information, and two stan- BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF RESEARCH,/dardized questionnaires, toward: "1) identifica- INCLUDING WHERE POSSIBLE tion of ... good risk applicants.. ., 2) identifica- SOME INDICATION OF TYPE, tionof non-intellectivefactorswhichwill METHOD, POPULATION OR contribute to prediction..., 3) determination of SOURCE OF INFORMATION, OR amount and type of supervision. .most INTENT. beneficial... during first year."

xxviTopical Index Chapter I STUDENTS

PRECOLLEGEinfluences on student developmentacademic, social, and parental. Includes studies on admissionsstandard criteria and nonintellective variables.

CURRENT RESEARCH York 10021;State of New York & City of New York; 1965. BEACH, LESLIE R. A developmental project, beginning with 2,000 Identifying the Potentially Successful disadvantaged youth as of , "to among Marginal College Entrants demonstrate the educability of unqualified ghetto youth for baccalaureate education. . and Hope College, Holland, Michigan 49423;U.S. demonstrate unsuitability of admission criteria Office of Education & Institutional; November used for disadvantaged youngsters." Includes 1966June 1968 development of methodsforteaching and An exploratory comparison of 21 "marginal" counseling disadvantaged students. Evaluation applicants to Hope College admitted in fall ofof new teaching methods is"actual college 1967 upon successful completion of a summer performan ce." program,usingperiodicflexibleinterviews, general admissions information, and two stan- CLEAR, CHARLES E. dardized questionnaires, toward: "1) identifica- Survey of High School Seniors (Virginia) tion of ... goodrisk applicants .. 2) identifica- State Department of 'Education, Conunonwealth tionofnon-intellectivefactorswhichwill contribute to prediction ..., 3) determination of of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia;State of Virginia & College Entrance Examination Board; March amount and type of supervision. . .most 1967May 1968 (Phase II of IV). beneficial...during first year." A descriptive survey of all private and public BERDIE, RALPH F. high school seniorsinVirginia, PreCollege Experiences (52,620) to "determine the reasons why high school seniors choose to attend college,the Student Life Studies, University of Minnesota, reasons why certain types of colleges (two-year ,Minnesota 55455;Instituticnal; or four-year, high academic standards, etc.) are 1966. selected, and the reasons why certain types of A descriptive study, using Pre-college Experi- vocationsare chosen by those high school ence Inventory administered to 8,000 freshmen seniors not choosing to attend an institution of (fall 1966) at the University of Minnesota, to higher education." Socioeconomic and academic compare the backgrounds of financially needy backgrounds. "Phase I was essentially a fre- students and other students, and to develop an quency distribution of the collected data. Phase instrument for assessing precollege and college II involves a statistical analysis. Phase III will experiences. Eventual aim of study is to develop involve a random sample with additional data, methods for determining the extent to which and Phase IV will follow up the sample." higher educationisattracting students with restricted cultural experiences. (Related report COOLEY, W. W. exploredthequestion,"AreEconomically PROJECT TALENT Five Year Follow-Up Studies NeedyUniversity Freshmen Culturally De- U.S. Office of Education; July 1967June 1968. prived?") Continued collection of post high school data BERGER, LESLIE on the groups originally tested in 1960that is, battery of psychological, educational, and envi- SEEK Program ronmental measures of 440,000 high school stu- City University of New York, New York, New dents in over 1,300 high schools. This project is

1 Precollege

MOS,. WOW .-Yrilt'WIMP the third of three followup studies, using a mailed HAVEN, ELIZABETH W. questionnaire seeking information on: 1) the Survey of Curricular Preparation influence of college environment of student of CEEB Achievement Test Candidates development, 2) job and career plans and influ- encing factors, 3) marriage and career for both College Entrance Examination Board, 475 River- male and female, 4) non-college education and side Drive, New York, New York 10027; College training planned, 5) special problems of leisure Entrance Examination Board; Completion date time, and 6) nature and quality of career adviceSummer 1968. received. "Through an extensive questionnaire survey, the academie preparation of candidates taking each of the College Entrance Examination Board FOSTER, LUTHER H. achievement tests will be related to their test scores." Special Academic Programs for the Disadvantaged Tuskegee University, Tuskegee Institute, HAVIGHURST, ROBERTJ.,LEVINE, 36088; ; July 1967 DANIEL U., AND EDNA MITCHELL . Opportunities for Higher Education Related to Post High School Plans of Seniors (1967) A project to develop a set of special programs in the Kansas City SNSA for "high school graduates of promise whose preparation for ,..:41ege is weak," including 1) an Mid-Continent Regional Education Laboratory, eight-week summer session before admission as and Center for the Study of Metropolitan Prob- freshmen, 2) special attention and flexible pro- lems, Kansas City, Missouri; Mid-Continent Re- grams with the help of tutors and teaching gional Education Laboratory & Center for the assistants for 50 entering students, 3) participa- Study of Metropolitan Problems; Fall 1966 tion by 200 of the most promising freshman in Fall 1968. an eight-week summer session following the An exploratory effort to: 1) describe plans of freshman year, and 4) four small summer insti- graduating high school seniors, with their aspira- tutesin music, drama, humanities, and social tions and choices of higher education institutions sciences at levels "designed to challenge the in the Kansas City Metropolitan Statistical area, interests and abilities of top high school stu- and 2) provide profiles of the cooper-1011g col- dents" (Tuskegee Institute). leges in a radius of 150 miles, 3) provide im- proved guidance for the students with regard to the appropriate type of institution for their plans HARRISON, FOREST I. and provide institutional administrators a profile of their probable future enrollees. "Inadequate The Development of an Evaluation and Assessment understanding and common misconceptions often Package for Compensatory Educational Programs reduce the efficiency with which a student takes for the Culturally Disdavantaged Adolescent advantage of opportunities for higher education. Claremont Graduate School, Claremont, - Identifying these weak areas ineducational fornia; U.S. Office of Education; October 1, guidance is an objective of the study." Profile of 1967Mareh 31, 1969. each college will include: geographical origins of students, class standing in high school, pro- A project to develop a package of evaluation gram offerings, proportion of students going to and assessment instruments that can be used graduate school,faculties'preparation,cost "specifically for the evaluation of compensatory ratios, student-teacher ratios, etc. A followup educational programs for the disadvantaged study one year after high school graduation on a adolescent. The project is intended to provide sample of the area students is planned. evaluators with the means to determine the extent to which the objectives of their compen- HEDLEY, CAROLYN, AND LYLE satory programs have been realized. The package REYNOLDS would include: 1) a set of test objectives derived Study of "Upward Bound" from a list of program objectives, 2) a set of evaluation and assessment instruments, 3) tech- University of California, Santa Barbara, Califor- niques for administering and scoring these in- nia 93106; U.S. Office of Education; 1967-1968. struments, and 4) a report of a study in which the An exploratory field study of how some 40 instruments were used to evaluate a compen- Mexican-American youth, who are not oriented satory educational model. This report can serve toward college attendance "can be motivated" to as a detailed evaluation model for program pursue formal higher education. A developmen- evaluation to follow. A team will be formed oftal effort in the three counties surrounding Santa advanced graduate students in education, psy- Barbara, using standardized tests of abilities and chology, anthropology, and .." attitudes.

2Students HOLLAND, JOHN L. college (98 % of Minnesota colleges polled) by Assessment of Student Potentials means of questionnaire and high school achieve- American College Testing Program, Iowa City, ment and Scholastic Aptitude Tests, "to deter- Iowa; American College Testing Program; mine the relationship of background andper- Completion date-1968. sonality factor to college success in different types of colleges.. ." A study "predicting academic andnon-aca- demic accomplishment during collegecareer at JAFFE, A. J., AND WALTER ADAMS four year colleges from the ACT battery, to Projections of College Enrollments examine a long range validity of the ACT battery against criteria of success in adult life, andto Bureau of Applied Social Research, Columbia develop and test a theory ofstudent potential and University, New York, New York 10027;U.S. achievement." One of the eventual aims is "to Office of Education; Completion date-1968. find ways of determining a high school student's Analyses of the higher educational desires and potentials for a broad range of achievements in college plans of "four race-sex groups of a college and in adult life." (USOE) national sample of high school seniors HOLLAND, J. L., AND L. A. BRASKAMP ... controlling for socioeconomic and academic characteristics of each group, and introducing in Influence of College turn each of over forty independent variables American College Testing Program, Iowa City, presumably associated with post-high school Iowa;American CollegeTesting Program; desires and plans." Analyses of 1959 post-high Completion date-1968. school plans of high school seniors and their Studies in progress include: "Who goes where 1960 post-graduation behavior, with parallel data to two-year colleges? What influences students for 1965-1967 permitting short-term trend esti- to choose colleges with various characteristics? mates. "Historical data from 1890... permits What is the effect of college upon student growth comparisons between whites, non-whites and and achievement during the first year? What is Negroes for shifts upward in the modal level of the effect of two-year colleges upon student attainment." growth and achievement? What are the effects MADDOX, H. of an honors program at three liberal arts col- leges?" Characteristics of Students Entering Colleges of Advanced Education HOME ECONOMICS DEPARTMENT Education Research Unit, ResearchSchool of Characteristics of Selected Home Economics Social Sciences, Australian NationalUniversity, Freshmen Canberra A.C.T. 2600,;Common- wealth of Australia; 1967-1969. Agricultural Experiment Station, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66502;Institu- tional; 1963-1968. MAYHEW, LEWIS B. Freshmen of 1963 and 1964 were assessed Admissions and Probable Success of Academically Marginal College Students through interviews and a battery of standardized tests as well as a mailed questionnaire, and then Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305; followed through their university careersin College Entrance Examination Board; Comple- order to: "1) compare selected personal and tion dateOctober 1968. family characteristics of home economics low- A study "to determine what the prevailing scholastic potential freshmen with those of home admissions practices are and to what extent economics honors freshmen and 2) describe the efforts to admit marginal students have suc- situations of home economics low-scholastic ceeded." Also asks: "What are the subtle ways potential freshmen after they earn a degree orin which colleges define their marginal appli- drop out." cants and how well can academic performance HOOD, ALBERT B., AND EDWARD 0. of such students be predicted?" SWANSON MEEHAN, JAMES N. (Dissertation) What Type of College for Influence of Social and Religious What Type of Student? Background on Intellectual Development Education Department, University of Iowa, Iowa Department of Sociology, University of Califor- City, Iowa 52240;U.S. Office of Education; nia, Berkeley, California 94720;Institutional; 1962-4968. September 1965September 1968. A descriptive study of 15,000 Minnesota high Data taken from7,000 College Student school seniors (1961) who attended a Minnesota Questionnaires distributed by Educational Test- 3Precollege ing Service in 1961 to white males on 21 different education available more equitably and /or effi- campuses,Catholic,Jewish,Protestantand ciently in East Pakistan and to "minimize high public, "1) to take a more detailed look at the wastage." influence of socioeconomic status and religion on the academic attitudes of college students, SHAPIRA, RINA N. AND MORDECHAI and 2) to develop better criteria than grade point MIRON average for selecting students." Patterns ofRecruitment, Selection, Advancement and Allocation of Israeli University Students SCHEIBER, DONALD E. Department of Education, Tel-Aviv University, Expectations and Experiences of Tel-Aviv,Israel; Department of Health, Educa- Freshman Engineers tion and Welfare; 1955-1970. Department of Sociology, PurdueUniversity, Lafayette, Indiana 47907;Institutional; Decem- A field sampling of approximately 1,200 stu- ber 1964June 1968. dents at Tel-Aviv University ultimately con- cerned with improving student selection and A uniform testing and comparison of 300 en- retention, as affected by students' sub-cultures. tering freshmen in engineering at Purdue Uni-Formal aims: "To investigate the following versity (1964) and one semester laterin an areas: 1) the problem of student selectiona) an attempt "to getat changethat occurs so rapidly examination of present methods of student selec- between matriculation and the end of the first tion, b) evaluation of additional factors (intel- year at college." Uses the Pace College Charac- lective as well as non-intellective) likely to have teristic Analysis in conjunction with Scheiber's an mipact on academic success, which in the Pre-College Expectations Questionnaire and Col- future might serve as additional selection criteria; lege Experiences Questionnaire. 2) the problem of attritiona) causes of attrition, b) possible means for reducing attrition without SCHOENFELDT, LYLE F. a concomitant lowering of academic standards; National Data BanIc for Behavioral, Social 3) student subculturesa) to ascertain whether and Educational Research student subcultures established by Clark and Trow, in the American colleges, are also prev- American Institutes for Research, P. 0. Box 1113, alent among Israeli students, b) to establish the Palo Alto,California 94302;U.S. Office ofrelationship between students' subculture and Education; 1960-1980. academic success." "A large scale longitudinal study which se- lecteda representative sample of U.S. high TILLERY, DALE schools and administered a two day battery of SCOPEStudy of Parents tests and inventories to over 400,000 students in Center for Research and Development in Higher grades nine, ten, eleven and twelve .in Spring 1960 and included information on the abilities, Education,University of California, Berkeley, interests, plans, activities and background of California94720; College Entrance Examination each student. Followup questionnaires have been Board; Completion dateJune 1971. or will be mailed to each participant at pre- A study regarding the ability and willingness scribed intervals for a 20-year period, thus pro- of parents to finance the education of their chil- viding a continuing record of each participant's dren beyond high school. Data will be analyzed activities." Includes also questionnaires from in relation to: 1) type of postsecondary outcome, school officials, providing information on the 2) sodoeconomic level of family, and 3) selective school system, the individual school, and the educational expectations of students and parents. community. TILLERY, DALE SELIM, M., AND MANZOOR AHMED Survey of High School to College Transition Admicsions System of the University of Dacca Center for Research and Development in Higher Institute of Education and Research, University of Education,University of California, Berkeley, Dacca,Dacca, EastPakistan;Institutional; California 94720;U.S. Office of Education; January 1968June 1968. Summer 1968. An investigation and evaluation of the proce- A study of the factors and conditions "that dures and criteria for admission to the Uni- determine which high school students go where versity of Dacca, using interviews with 500 to college and on the basis of antecedent charac- teaching and administrative personnel as well as teristics whether they are likely to succeed... documents of the.university and questionnaires, using previous data on high school seniors, toward making recommendations for improving Illinois,Massachusetts, and North Carolina the admissions system. Aim is to make higher (1967)" (N = 33,900). 4Students

OA VA =JO IC A

AmDMIR 7A14.700t- A WALLACH, MICHAEL A., AND CLIFF and utility of non-familial child rearing..." W. WING, JR. by using psychological tests, questionnaires, and Identification of Talent and Student Sekction sociometric analysis. The children to be studied Department of Psychology, Duke University; have been selected from institutions and board- Private Foundation; Fall 1966Spring 1968. ing schools. A three-level analysis of admissionsprocesses YINGER, J. MILTON, IKEDA, KIYOSHI, incolleges with referenceto the individual LAYCOCK, FRANK, AND JOHN M. cognitive differences and talented accomplish- ANTES ments not customarily taken into consideration by admissions procedures. Uses measures of Supportive Interventions for Higher Education associative thinking and descriptions of student among Students of Disadvantaged Backgrounds accomplishments in addition to standard mea- Oberlin College, Oberlin, Ohio 44074; U.S.Office sures of intellective abilities from a student sam- of Education; Summer 1964-1972. ple of 500. Level 1: study of current selection system for admissions decisions. Level 2: studies Three panels of seventh and eighth graders in of individual cognitive differences beyond those summers of 1964 to 1966 to be invited into "a traditionally defined by intellective measures. six weeks residential program of curricular and Level 3: various talented accomplishments ofco-curricular supports in English, science, social students in addition to their classroom achieve- science and mathematics.. ." enrichment and ments. stimulation for further academic work. The plan is to follow this... "with a continuing flow of curricular and advisory-informational WHITLA, DEANK. supports through graduation from high school Study of Candidate Overlap Among Colleges to encourage talented individuals to complete (Phase II) plans for higher education." Hypothesis: "that Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts significant modification in the educational be- 02138;College Entrance Examination Board; havior of students is related to the amount and Completion dateSeptember 1968. typeof supports provided by extra-school groups." Experimental and control samples. "This extension of Whitla's earlier project will allow the development of additional methods of ZACHARY, NINA, AND ELIZABETH L. analysis of candidate overlap as well as the EHART inclusion of a large number of colleges not Experimental Basis for State Scholarship Awards analyzed in the first phase.. ." New JerseyStateScholarshipCommission, WILSON, KENNETH M., AND MARSHA Trenton, New Jersey;State of New Jersey. D. BROWN A description and evaluation of the early Implications of Increased Selectivity in results of 100 "experimental awards" by the Admissions for Defining-Evaluating state of New Jersey to students with average Appropriateness of Grading Standards high school records, compared with recipients receivingscholarshipsbymoretraditional College Research Center, Poughkeepsie, New criteria. York; Institutional; 1966. Based on analysis of "student input" and first- year grades during six-year period at five colleges (women's)-1962-1967...this research sum- 19661967 RESEARCH marizes trends in re: average academic aptitude and average level of freshman grades received by same population, Some implications regarding ASTIN, ALEXANDER W., PANGS, appropriateness of grading standards are sug- ROBERT J., AND JOHN A. CREAGER gested. "National Norms for Entering College Fresh- men, fall, 1966."Research Reports,American WOLINS, MARTIN Council on Education, 1967, 2(1). Child Care in Cross-Cultural Perspective A report presenting the national normative Social Welfare Department, University of Califor- data on the characteristics of the entering fresh- nia, Berkeley, California 94720;National Insti- men of 1966. Norms were compiled in connec- tute of Mental Health; 1964-1968, tion with a program of longitudinal research recently undertaken by the Office of Research of An extensive comparison of approximately the American Council of Education. Includes 1,000 children up to the age of 17 to 18 years in comparative data on the characteristics of stu- several countries "to determine the meaning dents entering different types of institutions, The 5Precollege fall 1966 survey embraced 254,480 students at parative high school differences was also to be 307 institutions. The data, plus future followup examined. A random sample group of 431 data, will be used to evaluate changes in students' Indiana University undergraduates and 289 high attitudes and behavior as well as their educa- school seniors were given a questionnaire, and tional and career plans. an attitude scale was developed to measure the degree of test resistance. A significant number of BLOSSOM, HERBERT HENRY students showed evidence or test resistance in general. Approximately 36 percent of those "Some Factors Influencing High School Gradu- tested showed resistance to testing significantly ates Attendance at Different Types of Colleges." above the mean of the total group. It was con- Dissertation Abstracts, 1966, 27(2A), 383-384. cluded that fcmale students in general are more A study of the relationships between selected test resistant than males. Students who attended student characteristics and a high school gradu- medium-sized high schools demonstrated greater ate's choice or, and attendance at, various types test resistance than students from large high oNnstitutions of higher learning. Primarily a de- schools. No significant difference was found for scriptive survey ofan area sample involving 1,320 the total group with regard to socioeconomic high school graduates from the Sacramento City status. Also, there were significant differences in Unified School District in the Spring of 1960. testresistance among studentsof different Questionnaires were used to gather information achievement levels. The lowest achievers were about the student's academic ability, socioeco- the most test resistant. nomic level, sex, motivation, family size, parent characteristics, race, religion, geographical loca- HEIST, PAUL, HENRY, MILDRED, AND tion, and vocational goals. No significant relation RU1 H CHURCHILL between college attendance and the importance Preliminary Report on the Entering Students of to parents or the students attendance at college, the Fall Term, 1966. Berkeley, California: Center race,or religion for the group of students for Research and Development in Higher Educa- selected. Also, despite considerable overlapping tion, University of California, 1967. of student characteristics within and between groups, it was possible to identify a statistical A report on students at Sarah Lawrence Col- similarity among students who attended each lege, Hofstra, Shimer College, Stephens College, kind of college or university. Apparently, a and Northeastern Illinois State, describing the general congruency exists between college and students' families and high school backgrounds students. as well as their aspirations and expectations from data gathered through student questionnaires. BLUMENFIELD, W. S. Includes the questionnaire data and the Omnibus Personality Inventory data to present profiles of "Some Characteristics of Finalists in the 1966 personality characteristics or the entering stu- National Achievement Scholarship Program." dents. From these data estimates will be made of NMSC Research Reports, 1966, 2(4). the degrees of creativity and intellectual potential A description of 1,029 finalists who completed within a student body, or the extent of student a 94-item research questionnaire as a part of the autonomy and spontaneity, and the levels of Scholar selection process of the 1966 National cultural sophistication and emotional stability. Achievement Scholarship Program.Finalists seemed to be high aspiring, high grade achievers, MOCK, KATHLEEN academically oriented, oriented to professional Freshmen Entering the University of Californkt, occupations, high extracurricula achievers, ac- Fall,1966. Berkeley, California: Center for tive, interesting, and talented young people. A Research and Development in Higher Education, followup study of their progress and performance University of California, May, 1967. was planned for the summer of 1967. An interpretation of data collected by the CUNNINGHAM, DAROLD American Council on Education, during the fall of 1966 on entering freshmen at 251 colleges and "Test-taking Attitudes Among University and universities in the United States. The question- High School Students." Dissertation Abstracts naires dealt with the backgrounds, personality A, XXVII(4) 1651. University Microfilms, Inc., traits, college aspirations, and past activities of Ann Arbor, Michigan, 1967. the students, as well as the images the students A study to determine the degree of resistance held of the schools they were entering, The report toward taking standardiud tests among uni- deals only with the University of California versity undergraduates and high school seniors campuses at Davis, , and Santa planning to attend college. The relationship of Barbara and concerns only a first-year assess- test taking toclass standing, socioeconomic ment of the samples involved in the two-year status, sex, parents' educational level, and corn- project. Most or the data were drawn from tilleS-

6 Students tionnaires which sought informationon back- higher education. Concludes that both socio- ground experiences, aspirations and attitudes of economic status and intelligence have direct the students among other things. The mainques- effects on planning to attend college, college tions of the study are not answered; rather the attendance and graduation, as well as indirect report describes the student bodies on each effects on college plans and college attendance. campus anddifferentiatesthem within and With females, however, the relative effects of among campuses. socioeconomic status are more pronounced than the effects of intelligence. On the whole, intel- PERVIN, LAWRENCE A. ligence seems more important than socioeco- "Reality and Non-reality in Student Expecta- nomic status for both sexes, in determining who eventually graduates from college. tions of College."Journal of Psychology,1966, 64(1), 41-48. TRENT, JAMES W. A description of students entering Princeton University who indicatedtheirexpectations "A New Look at Recruitment Policies."College about the Princeton environment by responding Board Review,Winter 1965-1966, 58, 7 11. to the College Characteristics Index prior to A summary of data relating to college en- arrival on campus. Expectations about their own trance, student expectation, and student develop- performance at college were indicated during ment collected from a five-part study of 10,000 freshman orientation week. Expectations about students at 37 high schools in 16 communities. the press of the college environment were accu- Data revealthat "while ability isrelated to rate in terms of the relative strength of the educational development in college, socioeco- presses, but similarly, there was a tendency for nomic status, aspects of motivation, attitudinal self-expectations to be relatively associated with disposition and family environment are even actual academic performance, but students gen- more relatedtoentering and persistingin crally overestimated their level of performance. college." Large numbers of students who enter Demographic, intellectual, and personality vari- college appear to lack a realistic knowledge of ables were all related to differences in expecta- what to expect, and counselors seem to offer tions. little help in that direction. Author feels that there is a great challenge today to make college *SEWELL, WILLIAM H., AND VIMAL P. recruitment "a phase of the developing process SHAH of education, not merely the self-contained pro- "Socio-economic Status, Intelligence, and the cedure of screening candidates who happen to apply at a given college," and "to recruit students Attainment of Higher Education."Sociology of Education,Win ter 1967, 40(1), 1-23. with their individual needs and personalities in mind." He concludes that help towards these A study of a randomly selected sample of ends will come from the efforts of Astin and Pace Wisconsin high school seniors, to examine the to develop institutional profiles which will aid relative influences of socioeconomic status and counselors and educators in their work in this measured intelligence at successive stages in regard.

TRANSFERfrom school to college, or college to college (especially junior college to four-year institution). Also, studies of advanced placement, articulation problems, and student-institutional "fit."

*CURRENT RESEARCH students with peer groups in which feelings and ideas about college can be pursued; 4) to provide ARKOPF, ABE students with small-group discussion and leader- shipexperience."Studentparticipantsand College Experience Seminars leaders all take part in evaluation and grading. University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii,.Insti- Curriculum outline and bibliographical reference tutional; Septembei 1966Spring 1971. as well as preliminary evaluations accompany. A project to develop and evaluate a one- AVNER, URI semester series of student-led seminars on the college experience: "1) to help students obtain Establishing Flow Statistics on Transfers an understanding of higher education; 2) to help Central Bureau of Statistics, , Israel; students understand, evaluate, and gain perspee- Israel Central Bureau of Statistics, Department tive on their own college careers; 3) to provide of Social Statistics; 1968---. 7Trausfer A project to establish "flow statistics on the literature and studies, interviews . . . of re- transfers of pupils for the whole period from searches and educators,...working conference matriculation to the end of university studies. of educational leaders." The data will be cross-classified with various characteristics of the students who continue and COX, ROY, AND MARIE CLOSSICK of the drop-outs:" Students at the University of Essex CAStgRLY, PATRICIA Department of Sociology, University of Essex, Students' Evaluation of the Advanced Essex, England; Institutional; Foundation; Fall Placement Program 1964-1968. Educational TestingService,Princeton, New A project to create a "profile of Essex students Jersey; College Entrance Examination Board; in terms of demographic and educational charac- July 1966January 1968. teristics, educational and vocational aims, and opinions and attitudes" by means ofself- A descriptive field study by means of focused completed questionnaires at admission time, interviews and some mailed questionnaires ofbeginning with the entering class of 1965, for 460 "academically gifted" students in the Ad- comparative measures of attitude change. A vanced Placement Program, (freshmen 1963), small-scale comparison with students of the Uni- "to determine how students who have partici- versity of Sussex is being carried out as part of pated in the College Boards' Advanced Place- the longitudinal study. ment Program evaluate: their advanced prepara- tion in secondary school; their reception and DARNES,G. ROBERT, ANDERSON, placement at college; and the effect of these ERNEST F., KALFTER, IRMA T., AND variables on their over-all college experience, HENRY MOUGHAMIAN choice of major, plans for further education and choice of career." Performance of Transfer Students Within Illinois Institutions of Higher Education CASSERLY, PATRICIA Illinois Junior College Board, 300 East Monroe, 104 St. George Building, Springfield, Ill.; Illinois Impact of Advanced Placement Program and Conference for Higher Education, Illinois Junior College Policy on Participating Students College Board; Institutional; April 1967Fall Educational TestingService,Princeton, New 1970. Jersey; College Entrance Examination Board; A description of approximately 25,000 stu- Completion dateNovember 1967. dents at 110 institutions of higher education in Examination of the reactions of students to the Illinois (that comprise 95of the enrollment of variations among institutions in advanced place- lower division in Illinois) by means of question- ment policies and the effects of these policies naires to the institutions, to plot the movement upon choice of college, major field, motivation, of students among Illinois institutions of higher and performance of students at10 selected education, the extent of transfer, characteristics colleges. of those students who do it, and "how successful are transfer students in the achievement of their CLARK, KENNETH E. stated academic goals after transfer." The study will measure first-term performance of transfers Motivation and Learning of Deprived Youth and two years after transfer. Social Dynamics Research Institute, City Univer- sity of New York, New York, N.Y.; Hazen DUNN, S. S., AND P. J. FENSHAM Foundation; 1967. Factors Influencing Decision of Male Students to Completed research ("the findings of which Enroll . . . in Senior Technology College in are being used in various ways and will ulti- Victoria mately be published after they have been fully Faculty of Education, Monash University, Clay- developed in consultation") on motivations of ton, Victoria 3168, Australia; Commonwealth of culturally deprived but able youth, relevant Australia; 1967-1969. learning theory in the role of school and college counselors. An effort to determine the way in ESPINHEIRA, REGINA, AND MARIA J. which cultural deprivation actually influences a MELLO child's ability to read, his understanding of what he has read, his vocabulary, his ability to deal Social Class of Candidates Who Failed the with concrete and abstract spatial and numerical University Entrance Exams, 1967 concepts, and the possibilities of modifying these National Institute for the Study of Pedagogy abilities,at various stages of life. "Program Ministry of Education, Brazil; National; Novem- includesbibliographic research of published ber 1966June 1968.

8Students Analysis of the socioeconomic backgrounds of students at University of Virginia in relation to candidates for the entrance examination to types of secondary schools attendedpublic, schools of higher education in Salvador, Bahia, private, in-state and out-state." in 1967, including 1,235 failed candidates, seek- ing to correlate the admissions results to social LEE, EVERETT S. class of the candidates and frequency of private preparation courses. Also, "analysis of the fre- Migration and Education quency of cases of failure among candidates Departments of Sociology and Anthropology, Uni- already engaged in a remunerative occupation versity of Massachusetts, Amherst, Mass. 01003; (compared with) candidates who do not work Federal & Institutional; 1967September 1970. ... A description of the "flow of persons of differ- ing educational levels," using tabulations of FLEISCH, SYLVIA, AND SAM GERSON census data for the U.S. population by state and Undergraduate Transfer Students Who Enteredmajor metropolitan areas, "to study selectivity University, Fall 1966 in migration by age, sex, race and by stream of migration because regions that lose migrants lose Office of Academic Planning, Boston University, a good part of the best educated" and "education Boston, Mass, 02215; Institutional; Completion is the most important variable for relation to date-1967. demographic phenomena." A survey of data from College Student Ques- stionnaire (CSQ) Part I, "to gain an understand- MENZ, F. E. ing of the characteristics, attitudes and beliefs of students who entered Boston Universityas Grade Point Average Changes of Transfer undergraduate transfers Fall 1966 from other Students in Honors Program institutions of higher learning." Responses to 200 Honors Program, University of Illinois, Urbana, questionsrevealeducationaland vocational Ill.61801;Institutional; plans, history of secondary school experience, . family background, and attitudes toward family, peers, school, and society. An exploratory comparison of James Scholars at University of Illinois (1967-1968) from records of University Honors Program "to examine the KILLCROSS, M. C. effects on the first semester and cumulative GPA Assessment for Higher Education of students who transfer from junior and four- year colleges, when the population under exami- ScottishCouncil for ResearchinEducation, nation is selected as superior." 46 Moray Place, 3, Scotland; Scottish Council for Research in Education, University of Edinburgh & Institutional & Carnegie Trust MORISHIMA, J. K. for the Universities of Scotland ; Followup Studies Fall 1960Fall 1967 . Office of Institutional Educational Research, Uni- A followup field study of about 11,000 Scottish versity of Washington, Seattle,Wash.; Institu- pupils who took higher grade Scottish Certificate tional; September 1960. of Education examinations in 1962 in order to evaluate the relative contributions in predicting A project to determine progress of entering performance in higher education available from classes, transfer and direct from high school. four standard measuring devices. "Possible modi- What difficulties are encountered, what curricu- fication of existing assessment procedures which lar problems, financial, etc. tend to rely on (Scottish Certificate of Education Examination Scores)" may result. MORISHIMA, J. K. Follow Up Deficient Students LANKFORD, FRANCIS G., JR. Office of Institutional Research, University of Achievement ... by Undergraduates Entering the Washington, Seattle, Wash. 98105; Institutional; University of Virginia, 1958-1967 Spring 1965Spring 1968. Office of Institutional Analysis, University of Vir- ginia, Charlottesville, Va. 22903; Institutional; An exploratory case study of 100 students at January 1968June 1968. the University of Washington who were admitted with deficiencies, to determine their academic A descriptive survey of undergraduates enter- progress and perhaps to discover what data ing the University of Virginia during the last other than high school* records and test scores decade (10,381), by means of student records, "can be used for marginal students," for ad- "to describe academic performance of entering missions and counseling.

9Transfer NEWBURN, H. K., AND JOHN University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyo. 82070; McMILLAN Institutional; September 1967February 1968. Longitudinal Study of Native and Transfer An exploratory case study using question- Students at a State University naires with 120 students as well as university records and interviews with students, high school Arizona State University, Tempe, Ariz. 85281; principals, and department heads (university), to Institutional; September 1965June 1968. determine the value of the Advanced Placement A comparative assessment of the freshmen Credit awarded at the University of Wyoming class of 1963 plus additions through transfer to and to formulate recommendations regarding this class, using institutional data, including high the further use of such a program at University school records, Arizona State University regis- of Wyoming. trar's records for 4,950 students, I) "to determine reasons why as many students fail as succeed in TILLERY, DALE acquiring degree status, 2) to analyze why the majority of successful students require longer School to College: Opportunities for Postsecondary Education than four regular academic years ..., 3) to ac- quireinformation about possiblesignificant Center for Research and Development in Higher differences in entering abilities,interests, per- Education,University of California, Berkeley, sistency, performance, and other characteristics Calif 94720;College Entrance Examination between native and transfer student groups, 4) to Board; Completion dateJune 1971. accumulate and develop techniques in the accu- A large-scale project on access to higher edu- mulation of academic, sociological, psychologi- cal data which will aid in long-range planning cation running for six years in California, Illinois, Massachusetts, and North Carolina. The objec- and analysis for state systems of higher educa- tion." Other studies will grow out of the data. tives of the project include investigation of stu- dent decision processes in secondary schools; the distribution of students to various college NORFLEET, MORRIS and noncollege pursuits; the outcome of student Student Transfer Study decisions; and case studies of state complexes of Research and Development, Morehead State Uni- postsecondary education. versity,Morehead,Ky. 40351;Institutional; 1965-1968. TROYER, MAURICE E. (Sponsor), AND H. DONALD BUCKLEY (Dissertation) A study of transfer students at one university to determine: "1) number of transfer students The Relationship of Achievement and Satisfaction per semester, 2) entry majors into university, to the Anticipated Environmental Press of Transfer 3) accumulated hours at time of transfer, 4) type Students in State University of New York of institution providing transfers, 5) numbers State University of New York, Oneonta, N.Y. entering on probation, 6) trends on longitudinal 13820; Institutional; September I967August study of transfer student situation." 1968. SCHULTZE, L. WALTER A project to determine whether or not there is any relationship between the freshman myth Two to Four-Year College Transfer Policy and discovered by Stern and the anticipated nature of Practice in New York State theinstitution as discovered by the transfer Department of Institutional Studies, State Uni- student. versity of New York, Fredonia, N.Y. 14063; February 1967May 1968. WHITE, R. A. A comparative study of the policies of 117 Correlation Between Higher School Certificate four-year colleges and universities in New York Examination and Success in First Year Faculty of State with regard to student transfers from two- Science year colleges using a questionnaire based on the Medsker-Knoell work, I) "to identify existing National Institute of Education, Makerere Univer- policy, 2) to observe to what degree the policy sity College, P. O. Box 262, Kampala, , recommendations of the national guidelines are EastAfrica; Institutional; 1967-1969. appropriate in New York State, 3) to define A survey of the correlation between Higher areas of major deviation from recommenda- School Certificate examination results and suc- tions." cess in the first-year course of the Faculty of Science at Makerere University College, to be THOMAS, JAMES E. extended to include final year results, and to be Effect of Advanced Placement at University of replicated in colleges at Nairobi and Dar-es Wyoming on Student, High School and University Salaam in physics teaching.

10 Students

, WILLINGHAM, WARREN W., AND LINN, ROBERT L., AND JUNIUS A. NURHAN FINDIKYAN DAVID Patterns of Student Transfer Correlates of Academic Performance of Com- College Entrance Examination Board, 475 River- munity College Students in Career of Transfer side Drive, New York, N.Y.; College Entrance Programs: A PilotStudy.College Entrance Examination Board; 1967. Examination Board, Research and Development A descriptive study using questionnaires re- Report No.2.Princeton, N.J.: Educational turned from 146 institutions of higher education Testing Service, 1966. to describe existing transfer procedures of stu- A report on an effort to test the usefulness of dents and to identify barriers and problems of certain predictive techniques in the context of the admission encountered by transfer students. college community. The sample of students included all full-time freshmen entering Bronx 1966-1967 RESEARCH Community College in the fall of 1965. The "traditional"predictors,Scholastic Aptitude CASSERLY, PATRICIA L. Test scores and high school grade averages were "What's Really Happening in Advanced Place- obtained together with data from promising mentII." College Board Review, Spring 1966 instruments such as the Background and Experi- (59), 16-22. ence Questionnaire, the Experimental Compara- A report of an Educational Testing Service tive Prediction Battery, the Academic Interest study of practices regarding advanced placement Measure, and the Personal Values Inventory. in 63 selected colleges and universities. It shows When traditional predictors were correlated with that communications about advanced placement first-semester grade point averages, they were within colleges and between candidates and found to have moderate validity for students in colleges are inadequate. Researchers found that occupational training, but zero validity for stu- admissions officers are paying special attention dents in the academic transfer program. The to advanced placement candidates and generally authors suggest that this apparent paradox may want more advanced placement students. College be the result of a selective admission policy, and faculty feel that the program might result in the the seeming self-selection of students with supe- upgrading of secondary school curricula. The rior records who enter a four-year unit of the program was cited as an important factor in the city university. introduction of honors programs in six institu- tions. Professors and administrators judged most TRENT, JAMES W., AND LELAND L. students in the program to be eager, disciplined, MEDSKER and confident. Beyond High School. Berkeley, Calif.: Center for KURLAND, NORMAN D. Research and Development in Higher Education, "Transition from SchooltoCollege." New University of California, 1967. Dimensions in Higher Education, 1967 (17), U.S. A report of a study of 10,000 high school Department of Health, Education and Welfare. graduates, made possible through the Coopera- A survey of the research on matters involving tive Research Program of the U.S. Office of the transfer of students from secondary to Education. Concerns mainly the personal and higher education. Focuses on a number of prob- vocational development of a large sample of high lems that need further study. There is a lack of school graduates during the first four years after research on students who do not enter college graduation. Employment and college attendance immediately after graduating from high school. patterns between 1959 and 1963 are examined, Financial ability, although an important factor and factors associated with college withdrawal in determining where a student goes to college, are investigated. The study compares two groups does not appear to be the decisive factor limiting students who accepted employment imme- college attendance. Studies are largely focused on diately after high school and those who were students, very few being directed to the institu- admitted to college. This comparison provided tions or to the parts played by high school and an opportunity to study the effect on the young, college personnel in the process of transition. of employment and college attendance consi- With the exception of PROJECT TALENT and deredasprimaryinterveningenvironmental sonic of the College Entrance Examination factors. One of the hypotheses from which the Board and National Merit Scholarship Corpora- report proceeded is that there would be some tion Studies, only a small number of students is relationship between entrance and length of per- studied from time to time. Relatively few studies sistence in college and degree and type of per- utilize the sophisticated methods of contempo- sonaHty development. It concluded with em- rary behavioral science, but the current increased phasis on the role of the schools in helping youth attention in educational research should change to make a living and to achieve "self-actualiza- this situation. tion."

11 Transfer

- if

COLLEGE ENVIRONMENTthe impact of ideas and activities, academic and cultural, individual and collective,on student development.

CURRENT RESEARCH national sample of 300 junior colleges, four year colleges, and universities (approximately 250 ASTIN, ALEXANDER W. subjects per institution) by means of special ques- tionnaires. Aims "to determine if college envi- Inventory of College Activities: Assessing College ronments are a reflection of the types of students Environment via Observable Stimuli initially recruited or shaped by certain adminis- trative policies, curricular practices, and other American Council on Education, 1785 Massa- factors." Uses measurement of the frequency of chusetts Avenue, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20036; occurrence of various student behaviors at a American Council on Education; Summer 1966 given institution, rather than historical or case Summer 1968. method. Field comparisons of 56 institutions for which scores on both the Inventory of College Activities ASTIN, ALEXANDER W., AND ROBERT and the CollegeCharacteristics Index were J. PANOS available "to describe an approach to measuring the college environment (the Inventory of College Educational and Vocationd Development of Activities) which attempts to assess the fre- American Students quency of occurrence of the various observable American Council on Education, 1785 Massa- stimuli at the institution." Describes relative chusetts Avenue, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20036; advantages of different approaches to assessing NationalScienceFoundation & American college environments. Several hundred subjects Council on Education; Fall 1961Spring 1968. per institution used to produce the institutional scores on the two instruments. A longitudinal field study of 60,000 under- graduates in four year colleges and universities ASTIN, ALEXANDER W. (freshmen in 1961) followed up by questionnaire in summer 1965, "to assess the relative impact of The College Environment different undergraduate environments on the American Council on Education, 1785 Massa- educational progress and career plans of a chusetts Avenue, N. W., Washington, D.C. 20036; national sample. ..to contribute to a better American Council on Education & National understanding of personal and environmental Science Foundation & Carnegie Corporation & factors that affect the students' chances of drop- Ford Foundation; Summer 1962March 1968. ping out of college or of going on to a graduate or a professional school." Interest in "supply of A comparative field study of 30,000 under- trainedspecialists" and "the preparation of graduate students surveyed at the end of their skilled manpower" as affected by various institu- freshman year (125 students per institution) at tions. This is a prototype study of the larger one 246 higher education institutions (stratified na- now in progress by the American Council on tional sample), by means of a 400-item ques- Education. tionnaire, the Inventory of College Activities aims to: "1) identify and measure some of the important differences among college environ- AUSTIN, JAMES H., JR. ments ...2) document the great diversity in Effects of Roommates' Academic Ability and the environmental stimulation... bydifferent insti- Interaction between Them on Their Grade Point tions." Questionnaire includes items about the Average and Withdrawal Rate "observable stimulus properties" of the environ- ment and items concerning the college "image." Institutional Research, University of , Knoxville,Tenn.;Institutional; ASTIN, ALEXANDER W. January 1968. Origin and Development of the College A longitudinal field study using "roommate Environment association questionnaire" with 800 residence hall students a) to investigate whether or not it American Council on Education, 1785 Massa- would be more beneficial in terms of Grade chusetts Avenue, N. W., Washington, D.C. 20036; Point Average and Withdrawal rate to assign American Council on Education & National roommates of equal academic ability;b) to Science Foundation; 1966. determine whether roommates of equal academic A comparative field study of 70,000 students ability who associate will achieve a higher Grade who first entered college in1966, and were Point Average, and will withdraw less than room- followed up summer 1967, at a representative mates of unequal ability who do not associate."

12 Students

,1101Calf BAGLEY, CLARENCE H., NASCA, D., A study asking "four major questions ...in McTARAGHAN, SACHASTANANDAN, relation to 13 small colleges: 1) How do the AND MILLER institutions differ? 2) What are the character- Four College Study of Institutional Development istics of students enrolled at the different institu- tions? 3) What factors are relevant to student State University of New York, Cortland, N.Y.; attrition; what is the process of withdrawal; Institutional; 1966-1972. where do students go, what do they do, and how In two phases, this study will first describe do they change after leaving? 4) What are the (two years) and then compare experimentally major patterns of student development and to four higher education institutions of the New what may they be attributed?" Some 3,300 stu- York State College System with concentration dents who entered college in at on student and faculty cultures and institutional 13 small liberal arts colleges retest studies after environment. Will describe and follow 3,700 first, second, and fourth years; interviews and freshmen over five years at Brockport, Cortland, questionnaires used with parents, friends, facul- Genesco, and Oswego. Several standard scales ty, prospective leavers, and others; adds to infor- used to measure faculty; measures of campus mation on : 1) student-college fit.. ., 2)attrition environment then to be used "for experimenta- ..., 3) changes in intellectual interest, vocational tion across student admissions, and later effect plans, values, religious beliefs and relationships. on campus climate. Faculty-students are main factorsinapplicationtodecisionmaking CLOSSICK, MARIE processes." Learning the Role of a University Student University of Essex, Essex, England; Institu- BUTLER, WILLIAM, AND PAUL VAN tional; October 1967August 1969. RIPER "Nine first year seminar groups... have been Retention of Social Fraternity Members in College selected (80-90 students) ..to be interviewed twice, once soon after arrival and again in the The National Interfraternity Council, 15 East spring term, .. to discover how norms for stu- 40th Street, New York, N.Y. 10016; National dent behavior, particularly those regarding aca- Interfraternity Council; 1968-1970. demic and intellectual activities, are learned, and A study of the retention of social fraternity how the characteristics and experiences of stu- members in college, using "data from National dent groups affect such learning." Interfraternity Council member fraternities on the persistence through to graduation of fra- COPE, ROBERT G. (Dissertation) ternity members. This is a partial replication of Freshman Characteristics, Environment, and the study of student retention undertaken in the Attrition 1950's by Robert Iffert .. ." , Ann Arbor, Mich. 48104; Personal; 1967, CENTRA, JOHN A. A comparative assessment of relationships be- To Develop a Questionnaire on Student tween "environmental characteristics at a large Characteristics and College Environments to attrition from the university's Educational Testing Service, Princeton, N.J.; Col- liberal arts college," using the Omnibus Per- lege Entrance Examination Board & Educational sonality Inventory with two freshman classLs Testing Service; October 1967February 1968(N = 4,150) and withdrawals two years later (Phase I). (N = 1,131) from the university to determine why students dropped out and with what prob- Development of a questionnaire on student lems. Salient environmental characteristics of the characteristics and college environments, already University of Michigan which seemed related to pretested on 765 students at eight institutions attrition "differed according to the sex of the (),in order to provide morestudent." (Related to subsequent studies on information aboutcollegedifferenceswhich Ways of Comparing Institutions by Cope and "may lead to more appropriate college choices Hewitt.) by prospective students." CREAGER, JOHN A. CHICKERING, A. W., HANNAH, WILLIAM, AND DENNIS CAMPAGNA A Program of Research on Twins Who Go to College Student Development in Selected Small Colleges American Council on Education, 1785 Massa- Goddard College, Plainfield, Vt.; National In- chusetts Avenue, N. W., Washington, D C. 20036; stitute for Mental Health; April 1965MarchAmerican Council on Education; Fall 1966 1969. .

13 College Environment

to a 1!

A study of 3,500 individual twins, including GOLDBERG, LEWIS R. 650 pairs identified in a sample of freshmen Student Personality Characteristics and entering 307 colleges and universities in 1966, Optimal College Learning Conditions plus a similar number entering college in 1967, using Student Information Form and a one-year Institute of College Teaching, University of Ore- follow-up form administered by mail, with spe- gon, Eugene, Oreg. 97403; U.S. Office of Educa- cial interest in clarifying the effects of college tion; 1966-1968. environments, selective admissions, and environ- An analysis of personality data for 900 stu- mental manipulations on the project population. dents in each of two college courses, this research seeks to discover the number and nature of any ELLIS, ROBERT A. personality characteristics of college students which predispose them toward learning more Social Mobility, Role Stress, and College Success effectively from one rather than some other Sociology Department,University of Oregon, particular collegeinstructional format. "The Eugene, Oreg.97403; National Institutefor program is predicated upon an assumption that Mental Health & Institutional & Social Science no single college instructional procedure will be Research Council & Society for Human Ecology; optimal for all students ..." Includes four broad Fall 1957Summer 1970. classes of information: a \ a gross measure of A replication of the Stanford Mobility Study morale, repeated every two weeks, b) indices of in two strategically different institutional con- satisfaction with the course as a whole and with textsthe Honors College, University of Ore- aspects of the format, c) a measure of amount of gon, and a sample of all freshmen, University of related but nongraded reading done by each Oregon"to gain a broader empirical base for: student, and d) knowledge of course content. I) understanding the factors that bring lower Will "relate measures of performance and satis- class to college and 2) assessing the impact that faction. ..to student personality character- varied institutional arrangements have on so- istics." cially mobile students' adaptation to the role HASSENGER, ROBERT demands of undergraduate life." What happens Academic Freedom?: in Catholic Higher Education tobright lower class youth who enterless socially selective colleges (than Stanford) where Office for Educational Research, Center for Study the status barriers to mobility may not be so of Man in Contemporary Society, University of great ...? What happens to socially disadvan- Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Md. 46556; Institu- taged youth with modest intellectual talents who tional; October 1967November 1968. use higher education as a channel for social A comparison of two case studies of Roman mobility? Oregon and Honors College panels Catholic higher educationinstitutions,using were begun in the fall of 1961. Sample frame: College Entrance Examination Board and admis- "First year unmarried freshman, white, native- sions data, College and University Environmen- born, not under 17 nor over 20 years old." Data tal Scales, and College Student Questionnaire for comparison: at Stanford, via face-to-face results, dropout records, faculty salary and de- interviews by trained graduate students; at Ore- gree information, student background data, in- gon, mass-administered questionnaires; at both formation on campus climates, and "a great Stanford and Oregon, administrative records, number of interviews at each school," to identify and "judgments made .. . by other persons with social and economic forces associated with aca- the opportunity to observe and evaluate (stu-demic freedom in church-related colleges and dents) in a social context ... high school teachers, universities. Sketches "two prototype schools, dormitory counselors, college administrators." where academic freedom confrontations seem most and least likely to occur, looking at such FIEDLER, FRED E. things asinstitutional objectives, patterns of control, student backgrounds and expectations, Influence of Departmental Organization on facultypreparations and commitments(for Student Attitudes and Performance example, teaching and research), endowment, Department of Psychology, University of Illinois, location, the climate of the diocese in which a Urbana. III. 61801 ; Institutional; September 1967 school is set, etc." . HEIST, PAUL, FLOYD, JOANNE, AND An exploratory field study within the Univer- KATHLEEN MOCK sity of Illinois "to determine the effect of aca- demic organization on student performance and Student Development and Change satisfaction," and factors which contribute to Center for Research and Development ln Higher student creativity and learning.Using LPC Education,University of California, Berkeley, (Least Preferred Co-worker) and Group At- Calif. 94720; U.S. Mice of' Education; Spring mosphere scores. 1965-1972.

14Students This current study of development has two KIEVIT, MARY B., AND ANGELO GILLIE major phases. The first is a general longitudinal 'Comparison of Environmental Press and Selected study of a sample of 11,000 students enrolled in Characteristics in a Commwdty College and a 10 public and private institutions of higher edu- Technical Institute cation to investigate "development and change in post-adolescent youth during their under- School of Education, Rutgers University, New graduate years with an emphasis on their per- Brunswick, N.J. 08903; Rutgers University Re- sonal, intellectual, and social development .. ." searchCouncil; September 1967December The second phase is centered in an interview 1969. sample . "drawn from campuses with diverse A comparative description of a total of 900 educational programs .. ." students of one community college and one The interview subjects will be studied inten- technical institute, using data from several es- sively throughout four years, with a first survey tablished instruments, for example Stern's Ac- at the beginning of freshman year, fall 1966, and tivitiesIndex, College Characteristics Index, resurvey at end of senior year, plus intermittent Occupational Aspiration Scale,"to ascertain work with and testing of interview sample. Long- whether discernible differences exist in the en- range significance includes determinationof the vironmental press in a technical institute and a "factorsbehavioral and environmentalwhichcommunity college which make each a more permit some students to realize their potential effective setting for different types of students to and others to fail between the ages of 17 and 22," develop occupational competencies." and the "major forces in the academic curricula and . .. environments which facilitate or inhibit KING, STANLEY H., BIDWELL, intellectual growth and general development of CHARLES E., FINNIE, BRUCE, students." Use of several standardized instru- VREELAND, R. S., AND HARRY A. mentsandespeciallydevelopedinterview SEARR formats. Harvard Student Study Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass. 02138; HILBERRY, CONRAD, AND VICTOR National Institute of Mentaxalth & Hazen AYOUB Foundation; October 1959...dptember 1969. Student Cultures at Three Ohio Colleges "A longitudinal study of two panels of Har- Kalamazoo College, Kalamazoo, Mich. 49001; vard undergraduates (25 % random samples from ec Antioch College, Yellow Springs, Ohio 45387; classes of 1964 and 1965) to study: 1) effects of Carnegie Corporation; -1969. college environment on aspects of socialization of students (political,occupational, life-style) A comparative field study of student cultures and 2) the psychological development of young at three small colleges (Antioch, Wilberforce, men in college," using an extensivebattery of and Wittenburg) by means of documents, taped instruments both local and general with various interviews, student participant observers, adult sample sizes of groups (maximum 500). "Should observers, and photographs involving students, reveal aspects of the socializing force of college faculty and administrators on each campus, with organization and principal psychological mecha- the intent of the understanding better "how stu- nisms by which undergraduates adapt and utilize dents are shaped by college environment." college environments."

HUBER, F. E., AND R. R. GRAS KOVAL, JOHN P. The Process of Social Integration of First Year Varieties in Educational Socialization Students Sociology Department, University of Notre Dame, Bureau of CurrentResearch and Statistical Notre Dame, ha 46556; Rockefeller Founda- Studies, University of Utrecht, Kromme Nieuwe, tion; September 1967June 1971. Gracht 29,Utrecht, The Netherlands; Institu- An exploratory comparison of approximately tional; September 1965September 1968. 900 students in the freshman class of 1967-68 By meanF of documentary research, inter- (initially) by means of questionnaires and inter- views,participantobservation,institutional views (90) and questionnaires with faculty mem- records and statistical material gathered by the bers. Aims to "explore the extent to which researchers themselves, this study seeks to de- different behavioral networks and value and scribe how Dutch students respond and adaptbelief systems develop among college under- to the environment of one university. (Appears graduates as the result of the distinctive educa- in Register of Current Research in the Social tional experiences they are exposed to in their Sciences, 1966-67published by Royal Dutch academic majors (and preoccupational orienta- Academy of Sciences: Social Science Council.) tions)." Academic major is the independent ISCollege Environment variable. Investigator hopes to demonstrate the learning conditions and environments for vary- "diffbrential impact of curriculum area and ing student types and to develop "learning academic discipline... suggestive of the extent environments relevant to a given subject field." to vnich anticipatory occupational socialization contributes to adult value and belief systems LUCAS, JOHN A. ." Part of an evaluation of "an experimental educational program currently being conducted EnvironmentalEffects as Measured by "Tape" with freshman students at Notre Dame." on Attrition Institutional Research, University of Tennessee, KURTZ, RICHARD A. Knoxville, Tenn. 37916;Institutional; December 1969. MBAStudent Socialization Study University of Notre Dame, South Bend, hid. A comparative study of 219 students sampled from the 1967 freshman class at University of 46556;June 1968September 1970. Tennessee to relate changes in self-concept and A projected exploration of the Master's in college-concept over a one- or two-year period, Business Administration (MBA) student body at to compare scale values obtained from students Notre Dame to describe the "latent consequences atseveraluniversities,torelate discrepancy of an adult educational experience." Aims to scores to attrition, to identify students who need determine the nature of student values, attitudes, counseling either at the high school or college goals, definitions of correct behavior, etc. at the level, and evaluate the universities' environment beginning of the program and a comparison of for students. Aims to "pinpoint any areas where changes which ensue during the two-year so- change is needed." cialization process. "As a latent consequence of the formal educational program ... the MBA MARKS, EDMOND, DESHPANDE, A. S., student is learning how to perceive and act as he AND SAM C. WEBB thinks a business executive does." Educational Research at tlw College Level LEMERT, JAMES B., AND WALTER J. Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Ga. WASCHICK 30332;Institutional, Communication in the University Community Institutional research at the Georgia Institute Department of Journalism, Southern Illinois Uni- of Technology includes descriptive and experi- versity,Carbondale,Ill.62901;Institutional; mental data gathered from small experimental Summer 1965-1967. groups and larger "descriptive or correlational" samples (1,500), with "a wide variety of aptitude, A comparative field study at the 17,000 student interest, personality, motivational and cognitive Southern Illinois University, beginning with data measures" (some standard, some local), to pro- from 63 faculty, 58 graduate students, and 689 vide models and methods for studying student undergraduate students (some instruments arc behavior and teaching effectiveness, Some data original),to "provide baseline data forthe also is included on alumni "vocational groups." future on student and faculty reactions to the university environment,. .feedback to the McCOY, CHARLES, AND PARKER university on student reactions to current... PALMER policies and issues," Asks whether the term sub- cultures is an appropriate device for describing The Student and the Total Learning Environment students now, ... the communication flow part Department of Higher Education, National Coun- of the study has not been completed (but it asks) cil of Churches, 475 Riverside Drive, New York, what media arc used, what off-campus media arc N.Y.;1968-1970. significant, can we predict by the kind of housing "The wealth of research already undertaken how and when a student will hear about some- on student learning will be assessed and a core thing ...?" of students will be put together with faculty, administrators, and researchers for this Com- LUCAS, JOHN A. mission's work. The cooperation of a diverse Optimal Learning Environments forDifferent group of institutions will be solicited for studies Types of Students and experimentation regarding personality de- velopment and alternative learning environ- Institutional Research, University of Tennessee, ments." Will attempt to cope with these ques- Knoxville, Tenn.37916; Institutional; March tions: Is higher education relevant to student 1967May 1969. needs and growth; Is it meeting the demands of An experimental comparison, using question- moral responsibility in contemporary society? naires and interviews with 1,000 students in a Attempts to define the several functions that basic statistics course,to determine optimal higher education can be expected to perform.

16Students

-"'S-vramor McDOWELL, JAMES V. Inthe Register of Current Research in the Social Sciences, 1966-67,published by Royal Interacting Variables of the Freshman Year Dutch Academy of Sciences: Social Science Ear lham College, Richmond, hid. 47375;National Council. Institute for Mental Health; Fall 1965Summer 1968. PACE, C. ROBERT From 13 small colleges participating in Project Studies of College Environments on Student Development in Small Colleges, this University of California, Los Angeles,Calif. project draws on 3,000 students using the Omni- 90024;College Entrance Examination Board; bus Personality Inventory, the College and Uni- Completion dateOctober 1968. versityEnvironment Scaleand Clark-Trow Typology for data on role orientation, campus A continuation of the earlier work on the measurement of college environments as well as atmosphere, and personalityduring the freshman the initiation of special research related to college year. admissions. McELRATH, DENNIS C., WALLACE, W., PATE, ROBERT H., JR. (Dissertation) AND J. KITSUSE University Environment as Expected and Later Collegiate System and Student Culture Perceived by Freshmen Universityof California, Santa Cruz,Calif. Guidance and Testing Center, University of North 95060;Institutional; Fall I965Spring 1969. Carolina, Chapel Hill, N.C. 27514;Institutional; A comparative field study using a question- June 1967February 1968. naire with from 600 to 1,000 students in an An investigation of "the relationship of pre- attempt to measure "effects of a college system enrollment experiences to the difference between on student culture" academic attitudes and the environment, assessed by College and Uni- inter-personal environments, to "examine the versity Environmental Scales, expected by enter- role of a collegiate system in sponsoring and ing students and that which they later perceive." maintaining a distinctive student culture." Data from CUES and local questionnaires from 300 new students (fall 1967) at University of NEWCOMB, THEODORE M., AND North Carolina. Indicates the impact of insti- DONALD R. BROWN tutional practices on environmental expectations Comparative Study of Residentially Based of entering students. (Mr.Pate's address is: Undergraduate Instruction in Five Universities School of Education, University of Virginia, Center for Research on Learning and Teaching, Charlottesville, Va.) University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich.48104; August I967August 1972. PERVIN, LAWRENCE A. A comparison of students in new residential DissatisfactionwithCollege and the College college units with undergraduates in other units Dropout: A Transactional Approach at five universities, using several established in- University Health Services, Princeton University, struments with several hundred students on each Princeton, N.J. 08540;National Institute for campus, to compare residential with other under- Mental Health & U.S. Office of Education & graduate units "with respect to 1) characteristics Institutional. of entering students, 2) characteristics of stu- An experimental use of TAPE (Transactional dents' daily lives, and 3) impacts such as changes Analysis of Personality and Environment) with in intellectual and other values, attitudes, voca- students at "campuses around the country," tional interests, post-college plans, and drop-out 1) to "investigate the relationship of discrepan- rates." Institutions include: University of Cali- cies between student perceptions of themselves fornia at Santa Cruz, and at San Diego, Univer- and parts of their college to dissatisfaction with sity of Michigan, University of Kansas, and the college, 2) to assess the utility of TAPE in State University. One instrument of local differentiating among colleges, in assessing stu- design is used. dent-college interaction, andinviewing the college as a social system." May help further OOSTHOEK, J. K., EVERWIJN, S. E. M., interpretation of college in "system terms," and AND R. R. GRAS lead to possible future uo of TAPE tofit The Study Behavior of FirstYearStudents: students to colleges. Motives of Choosing, Attitude and Approach Bureau of Current Research and Statistical PERVIN, LAWRENCE A., AND Studies, University of Utrecht, Kromme Nieuwe, WILLARD DALRYMPLE Gracht 29,Utrecht, TheNetherlands; Institu- Effects of Student-College Interaction on tional; September 1965September 1968. Performance

11 College Environment S.

Princeton University, Princeton, N.J. 08540;U.S. his ability to become adept at or to contend with Public Health Service & National Institute for these tasks. Preliminary report includes finding Mental Health; January 1964December 1969. that higher education "extends the capacity of A longitudinal description of the "personal some students to adapt to diversity. .. but health, academic performance and satisfaction others to become fixed .. ." with college," of one class of Princeton under- graduates "through the college years and one SPENCER, RICHARD E. year post-graduation." Tests hypothesis "that Validity of the "High Risk" Identification of environmental satisfaction of needs and con- Freshmen firmation of expectations are related to health, optimum academic performance and satisfaction Measurement and Research Division, University 61801; with college ... andthat environmental frustra- of Illinois,Urbana,Ill. Institutional; tion of needs etc., are related to illness, inhibited . academic performance and dissatisfaction .. ." Data are being gathered regarding: 1) changes in STEGMAN, WILBUR N. students needs, 2) changes in perceptions of col- A StudytoDevelop Living Area Activities lege, 3) changes in satisfaction with academic and Designed to Improve the Retention Ratio of nonacademic aspects of college life, 4) relation- ship between academic performance and extra- Potential Student Dropouts curricular achievement, and 5) sources of stress Dean of Students'Office, Southwest Missouri and degree to which it manifests itself in dis- State College, Springfield, Mo. 65802;Federal; turbances (of daily activities and relationships). September 1968August 1969. RICHARDS, J. M., JR. and L. RAND A research study designed to use graduate students in college living quarters to help poten- CollegeEnvironment tial school dropouts through experimental group- American College Testing Program, Iowa City, ing and treatment. The objectives include the Iowa; American College Testing Program; Com- identification of potential dropouts and the pletion date-1968. providing of an emphatic assistant who will aid potential dropouts to stay in college successfully Studies in progress include "an assessment ofand in a self-satisfactory manner. the policies and practices of graduate school departments, and a factor analysis of items con- cerning college features and experiences." Aims STOTLAND, EZRA, COHEN, JOSEPH, to describe college environments "in accurate AND RICHARD MORRIL and parsimonious ways," and "to assess the Student Housing Needs and Preferences Study extent to which student input creates the college environment." Future plans include "a descrip- Office of Institutional Research, University of tion of the environments of American graduate Washington, Seattle, Wash. 98105;Institutional; departments." October 1964June 1968. A survey of 7,000 University of Washington SNYDER, BENSON R., AND MERTONstudents by questionnaire "to ascertain student KAHNE housing needs and preferences and their implica- Student Adaptation Study tions for the planning of university *liousing for single students, with an aim directed primarily Education Research Center, Massachusetts Insti- towards the planning of new residence halls." tute of Technology, Cambridge, Mass. 02139; Instrument may assist institutions to get at the Institutional & Grand Foundation & National reasons that students choose to live in and to Institute of Health; . leave university dormitories. Much background A continuing longitudinal case study, begin- research at University of Washington has pre- ginning with 893 students inMassachusetts ceded this housing study. Institute of Technology Class of 1965, with 100 demographic and psychological variables col- TURNER, FLOYD, RECORD, AL, AND lected for each student, and specific paths for TOM LINNEY each individual plotted, in order: 1) to describe the range of adaptive and coping patterns that Campus Self-Studies of Student Stress and are characteristic of the undergraduate at Massa- Development chusetts Institute of' Technology; 2) to specify U.S. National Student Association, 211.5 S Street, the cognitive, social, and emotional tasks set up N. W.,Washington, D.C. 20008;U.S. Public by the institution for the student; and 3) to Health Service & National Institute of Health, & describe the relationship between the individuars National Institute for Mental Health; characteristic and special adaptive patterns and .

18 Students

Ira=1,611,1-46, "On 15 campuses and four regional areas A descriptive study concerning retention of across the country, students, faculty, and ad- 1960 and 1965 freshman classes and character- ministrators will join innseries of conferences istics of the 1967 freshman class from both public and seminars to study the sources of student and private institutions inIllinois. Question- stress, the major stress problems functioning in naires were sent to 30,000 students to obtain the college experience, and the types of solutions data assessing the "fit" of educational programs now being offered and considered for these prob- to individual and societal needs, and to project lems. The participalitswillthen evaluate a future program and facilities requirements, number of new alternatives for preventive pro- grams for themselves in their daily activities in WUEST, FRANCIS J., AND ROBERT G. the college community. Reports will be prepared JONES by professional consultants and faculty and will An Environmental Study of Lehigh University be assimilatedintothree major reports for national distribution. These reports will deal Department of Psychology, Lehigh University, basically with the effectiveness of this study tech- Bethlehem, Pa. 18015;Institutional; September nique and the value and implications of the 1966 Summer 1968. reecomendations that result....Generally the A study to "obtain quantitative estimates of method is to involve students and faculty in the normative, intellectual and social factors problem-finding and problem-solving groups which shape the learning environment of Lehigh centered around the question of the stresses University The information obtained by this students face." investigation has already had a significant im- pact on the university's self-awareness and in its VIA, MURRAY thinking for the future. It has directed attention A Repeat-Test Study of Attitudinal Change in to the needs and situations of students in the College Freshmen university, and to the problems created for the College Student Personnel Institute, George and university by type of student who is attracted Margaret JagelsBuilding,Claremont,Calif. to it." WM; Personal; Summer 1966 Summer 1968. YONGE, GEORGE, AND KATHLEEN Exploratory ease studies of 70 freshmen, using MOCK a repeat testing with a battery of five standard- ized .ests, "1) to determine the difference between Institutional Accommodation of Students Typed real attitudinal change and temporary incidental by Ability and Intellect:mil Motivation fluctuations in attitude as evidenced by repeated Center for Research and Development in Higher tests of first semester college freshmen, 2) to Education, University of California, BerAeley, examine the effect of environmental circum- Calif. 94720;U.S. Office of Education; Summer stances upon changes in attitudes during the 1968. first semester, 3) to check test consistency with expected variations in mood." This study tests A study focusing on "certain types of students a hypothesis concerning "weaknesses inherent in during their first two years of college ...their utilizing single test results in generalizing about disappointments and satisfactions, pressures and student norms," anxiety. .. successes orfailures. The study seeks answers to questions such as: What types of WHITNEY, MARY E. students arc accommodated by the university so that they persist for at least two or more years? The Key System atthe University of Virginia What types of students transfer from one campus University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va.;Insti- to another, to other institutions, or discontinue tutional; November 1, 1967- June 1, 1968. ...their formal education? What students with high potential are not accommodated by the A project to determine the feasibility of and University?" attitudes toward allowing women to be issued a key to the front door of their residence hall and therefore being allowed to leave and enter the building at any time, day or night. *1966-1967 RESEARCH WINANDY, DONALD, AND KEITH W. SMITH BOLTON, CHARLES Student Characteristics and Retention In Illinois "Patterns and Determinants or Student Affilia- Colleges tion at a Public Urban Commuter College." Board of Higher Education, State of Illinois, Research In Education,July 1967 (7), 11. 300 East Monroe, Springfield, IR. 62701; U.S. An examination of several aspects or student Office of Education; November 1967July 1968. affiliation with Portland State College, a non.

19 College Environment

, residential school, along with the different pro- tional formats in each of two college courses. cesses which produce varying degrees of affilia- They completed a comprehensive battery of tion and dissatisfaction with the school. Con- personality measures which included 30 struc- cerned with three problems: 1) development of tured personality, motivation, and attitude in- quantitative measiffes of the course of student ventories, yielding over 500 personality scale affiliation with the college, 2) determination of scores for each individual. the nature and potency of personal and social forces which contribute to affiliation with the HAGSTROM, DAVID ALAN college, and 3) determination of whether affilia- tion as-measured in the study, is related to stu- "College Image and Organizational Character: dent dropout and retention. There has been an Differentiated Perceptions of Various Groups examination of six aspects of affiliation: 1) iden- in a Junior College." Dissertation Abstracts A, tification with the American collegiate system, 27(7), 2026-27, University Microfilms, Inc., Ann 2) identification with Portland State College per Arbor, Mich., 1967. se, 3) identification with the college as an intel- A study to describe the college image and or- lectual community, 4) identification with formal ganizational character of a particular junior vocational training aspects of the college, 5) college, organizational character being defined affiliation with extracurricularactivities, and as the derived treatment of pooled perceptions 6) affiliation with peers attending the college. of various publics. The College and University The study included a random sample of the Environmental Scales and two questionnaires freshman class of fall 1966 followed through designed to record the various perceptions of three years of college, and a sample of transfer college image were selected and administered to students who began college in fall 1966 and 610 participants comprised of faculty members, later transferred. college students, alumni, residents of the local community, high school counselors, and high CREAGER, JOHN A. school seniors. The study found that although there were differences in the ways various groups "InteractionBetweentheStudent andthe perceived the college environment, it was clear College Environment." Research in Education, that all the reporters were describing the same November 1967 (11), 31. place. New students were unable to anticipate A discussion of atheoretical scheme for the college environment. A singular public image matching students to colleges through a direc- of the college did not exist. The students de- tory containing profiles of student characteris- scribed the college as a place where the individ- tics and of college environmental characteristics. ual was important and where he received much Could be used by the student and his counsellor, individualattention. Many students,faculty to yield predictive output in formation relevant members, and alumni perceived of the college as to achievement of specific goals, such as acquisi- having a special quality that distinguishedit tion of a particular degree, stimulating academic from other institutions. Most of them singled atmosphere, and financial and geographic limi- out individual concern as the special quality. tations. College admissions officers could use However, the junior college was not considered the directory to assist in the selection of those different from other colleges, and its students students who might best aid in the maintenance were not considered different from those at other of the acquisition of preconceived standards. colleges and universities. The high school counsellor and the admissions officer would not use the directory to make KASPAR, ELIZABETH ANN finalized, automated personnel decisions, but as a tool to be used along with other information. "An Investigation of College Climate among Studentsof VaryingAbility:Comparisons within the Albion College Climate and across GOLDBERG, LEWIS R. Types of College Climate." Dissertation Ab- "Student Personality Characteristics and Opti- stracts A, 27(7), 2071. University Microfilms, mal College Learning Conditions." Research in Inc., Ann Arbor, Mich., 1967. Education, , U.S. Department of A study to assess discernible differences among Health, Education and Welfare, (2), 6. the perceptions of the Albion College climate by A study to discover the number and nature of students of high, middle, and low ability. Student any personality characteristics of college stu- perceptions of the college climate were assessed dents which predispose them towards learning by means of the College Characteristics Index. more effectively from one, rather than some The subjects were a random sample of 109 soph- other, particular college instructional format. omores, juniors and seniors at Albion College. Analyzes data collected from a previous large For each student data were available on College scale study which involved about 900 college Characteristics Index responses, Scholastic Apti- students taught by one of four different instruc- tude Tests, and grade point average. The results

20 Students

on* showed that most aspects of the college climate extent to which certain of his own characteristics were perceived similarly by students of varying match those of others at his college. The study abilities. This, perhaps, reflected the homogene- also investigated which matched student and ity of the student body at Albion College. Albion institutional characteristics are more important students of middle and low realized ability were than others in predicting and discriminating the more sensitive to the "vocational climate," than degree of student satisfaction. In the spring of students of high realized ability. In addition, 1964, 7,257 students at 24 colleges were tested Albion students of middle potential ability were with the American College Survey. Personality more aware of "academic organization," that is, and interest, scholastic potential, and subcultu- a high degree of structure and regimentation in ral orientation were selected as variables. The the academic environment, than students of low results indicate, among other things, that in four potential ability. Comparisons were made be- instances, groups of students who were above tween the Albion College environment as per- average on the relevant characteristics had the ceived by average students, and Pace's five types highest percentage of very satisfied students. of college environment. The Albion environ- ment resembles Pace's in being science oriented SELECT COMMITTEE ON EDUCATION and highly competitive. But, unlike the scientific environment, the Albion climate is notable for a University of California, Berkeley Academic high degree of organization, close supervision Senate. Education at Berkeley. Berkeley, Calif.: of academic work, and a relatively homogeneous University of California, 1966. student body. A study of the Berkeley campus of the Uni- versity of California. In April, 1965, nine-tenths PERVIN, LAWRENCE A. of a sample of students, selected with care to "Reality and Non-Reality in Student Expecta- represent the entire student body agreed that tions of College." Journal of Psychology, 1966, they were satisfied with courses, examinations, 64(1), 41-48. and professors. Considerable experimentation and innovation are suggested. A new degree, the A study of students entering Princeton Uni- doctor of arts, intended for people who are inter- versity and their expectations about the Prince- ested in college teachir.g, has been proposed. The ton environment, using the College Characteris- curriculum for this degree would place less stress tics Index prior to arrival on campus. Expecta- upon research. In general, it is urged that greater tions about their own performance at college attention be given to the views of students by the wereindicatedduring freshmanorientation faculty and administration of the university. week. Expectations about the press of the college Among the chapters are The Berkeley Students, environment were accurate in terms of the rela- The Improvement of Teaching, Freshman Ad- tive strength of the presses, but inaccurate in missions, Advising and Orientations of Students terms of the absolute strength of the presses. in Letters and Science, Grading, A Board of Similarly, there was a tendency for self-expecta- Educational Development, and New Programs. tionsto be relatively associated with actual academic performance, but students generally WALLACE, WALTER L. overestimated their level of performance. Demo- graphic, intellectual, and personality variables Student culture: Social Structure and Continuity were all related to differences in expectations. in a Liberal Arts College. , Ill.: Aldine Publishing Company, 1966. RAND, LEONARD PETER A study of the manner in which students in a small Mid-Western liberal arts college become "A Study of the Relationship between the assimilated into the local "campus culture." The Matching of Student and Institutional Charac- main concern is with the general human prob- teristics and College Choice Satisfaction." Dis- lem of "learning the ropes" in a new social situ- sertation Abstracts A, 27(9), 2832. University ation. Hence, the findings have implications for Microfilms, Inc., Ann Arbor, Mich., 1967. the study of the assimilation of new members A study of the relationship between student into various kinds of associations and organiza- satisfaction with his choice of college and the tions as well as educational institutions.

21 College Environment EFFECTS OF THE COLLEGE EXPERIENCEconsequences of the educational program for the student, with emphasis on the effects of the total, long-term relationship. (The connection of these studies with those on environment is often direct.)

CURRENT RESEARCH 1961 and again in 1965. "Preliminary findings indicate that intellectual development isnot ANGRIST, SHIRLEY S. affected by the traditional indices of excellence or quality." Role Outlook of Educated Women Margaret Morrison C'arnegie College, Carnegie- AST:N, ALEXANDER W., PANOS, Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pa.; Institutional; ROBERT J., AND JOHN A. CREAGER 1964-1968. LongitudinalResearchonHigherEducation

A study "...to assess existing self-concepts, Systems attitudes and aspirations of freshman women, American Council on Education, 1785 Massachu- to trace their change and to ascertain what stu- setts Avenue, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20036; dent and institutional variables are associated American Council on Education & National with change during the four years of college." Science Foundation; 1965. This longitudinal study of one classinthe Women's College of a coeducational university "A long-range longitudinal study of student will involve intensive yearly assessment of role development in a representative national sample outlook in the areas of education, work, mar- (300 institutions) of junior colleges, four-year riage, and family life. Both interview and ques- colleges, and universities. .." reporting ques- tionnaire methods are being used in the study. tionnaire responses for 250,000 entering fresh- men per year (smaller random samples for follow-up studies). "The general plan is to col- ARNOLD, (SISTER) MARY FREDERICK lect comparable information regularly from the Motivation of College Freshmen and Its Relation entering students from each institution each fall, to Academic Success and Self-Esteem and to conduct periodic followups of these stu- dents during college and subsequent to gradua- Psychology Department, Mount St. Mary's Col-tion. Data will be used: 1) to conduct longitudi- lege, 12001 C'halon Road, Los Angeles, Calif. nal studies of differential institutional impact on 90049;Institutional;January 1968January the students; 2) to prepare annual tables of insti- 1969. tutional norms ... 3) to monitor national trends A study of the motivational patterns of 22 in college environments and ... student charac- college freshmen and the relationship of their teristics; and 4) to provide a comprehensive data motives to academic success and self-esteem. base ... for other researchers ..." Questionnaire Test results of several standard instruments were has 175 items, containing "a common core of used to determine whether there are differences basic demographic and background items." in motivational patterns between successful and unsuccessful freshmen and to study the relation- BAUR, E. JACKSON ship between academic success and growth or decline in self-esteem in the light of particular College Size and Quality of Education motives. Department of Sociology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kans.; Carnegie Corporation & Insti- ASTIN, ALEXANDER W. tutional; June 1966August 1971. UndergraduateAchievement andInstitutional An experimental comparison of 2,000 Uni- Quality vers;,y of Kansas students on several standard- scales "to study the consequences, for the American Council on Education, 1785 Massachu- education of college students in a large univer- setts Avenue, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20036; sity, of dividing freshmen and sophomores into NationalScienceFoundation & American small subcolleges." Council on Education; Fall 1961Spring 1968. A comparative field study to test the hypothe- BERDIE, RALPH, AND BONIFACE sis"the almost universally accepted folklore" PILLIPIL 1 that centers of excellence enhance the intellec- Historical Study of 1963 Freshmen tual functioning of students and in particular of the bright students. Uses scores of several stan- Student Life Studies Office, University of Minne- dardized academic tests for 2,500 entering stu- sota, Minneapolis, Minn. 55455; Institutional; dents at 114 institutions, tested as freshmen in 1968-1969.

22 Students A survey of the whereabouts of some 9,000 prehensive view of the two-year college student persons who enrolled as freshmen at the Univer- as contrasted with the four-year college student." sity of Minnesota in 1963--where they went, what occupations they entered, etc. ELTON, CHARLES, AND HARRIETT ROSE BEVAN, JOHN M. (Sponsor), AND ELIZABETH B. MASON (Disserhtion) The Face of Change Clinical Study of Student Types Within a Charter University of Kentucky, Lexington, Ky. 40506; Freshman Class Institutional; Spring 1968---. School of Education, University of the Pacific, A study of personality and value change in a Stockton, Calif.;March 1968Fall 1968. random sample of 350 University of Kentucky graduating seniors, who had taken the Omnibus A study of the charter class of Callison College Personality Inventory as freshmen, compares (80 in fall 1967 and 10 faculty members), "with changes among groups in highly different cur- particular emphasis on a clinical description of ricularprograms,forey.ample,engineering certain student types," and individual case stud- (highly structured), commerce, and liberal arts. ies of selected students widely acknowledged by Engineering seniors, as a group, "did not change peers and faculty as: I) "most suited for the differently from other males." For the students Callison program (male and female), 2) least in this study, "personality test score change suitedfortheCallisonprogram,3)most would seem to consist primarily of humanistic changed..., 4) leader in scholarship, 5) political thinking, intellectual and social liberalism, emo- leader." Builds upon body of previous data, be- tional growth, and tolerance for ambiguity. Also ginning with "first day of arrival at freshman noteworthy indications are the growth of their camp." Results of several standardized scales selectivity.. . of friends and the less exaggerated available. (College Characteristics Index, Stern acceptance of their sex roles." Activities Index, Strong Vocational Interests Blank, peer ratings, and interviews.) FISEMAN, JOSEPH, AGGER, ROBERT E., SZCZEPANSKI, JAN, AND JAN CENTRA, JOHN A., AND RODNEY T. WOSKOWSKI HARTNETT Impact of Teacher Training on Student Values Attitudinal Differences among Catholic College (Poland case) Students Exposed to Catholic Education Po'iticalScience Department,Universityof Educational TestingService,Princeton,N.J.; Oregon, Eugene, Oreg. 97403;U.S. Office of Educational Testing Service; September 1967 Education; Completion date-1967. . A study that aims to "determine the forms... An exploratory study of 2,000 freshmen from whereby the values of the Polish system are in- 13 institutions of higher education "to explore culcated into the school organization .. espe- variance among attitudes of Catholic freshmen cially regarding the teacher as a socialization in Catholic and non-Catholic colleges who have agent." Descriptive phase of project includes: attended both Catholic and non-Catholic sec- analysis of the "traditions" and current policies ondary schools." underlying the organizat'on of the Polish educa- tional system, of curriculum of teacher training DUCANIS, A.J. centers, of the teaching syllabi, and observation Comparison of Students of Two- and Four-Year of classroom situations in primary and secon- Colleges dary schools; interviews with officials and aca- demicfaculty.Experimentalphaseincludes New York State Education Department, Albany, interviewwithstratifiedrandom sample of N.Y. 12224;U.S. Office of Education. teacher-residents at a co-op housing unit of A study to compare 8,000 full-time, entering Polish Teachers' Union in Warsaw. college students of two-year and four-year insti- tutions over a four-year period. Data will be GURIN, GERALD gathered in four states:1) at entry, measures Students' Development in College as Outcomes Scholastic Aptitude Test, personality character- of Initial Characteristics and College Experiences istics, background, and perception of college environment;2)secondyear,measuresof Survey Research Center, University of Michigan, achievement and personality, information about Ann Arbor, Mich. 48104;U.S. Office of Educa- transfer or terminationplans; 3) third year, tion; 1967. achievement and environmental perception; 4) A project ".. to investigate the conditions achievement scores and grade point averages associated with varying outcomes of stuants' obtained are analyzed. Result will be "a corn- college experience, outcomes that are presum-

23 Effects of the College Experience ably significant both as aspects of maturing and ISCOE, IRA, AND MILDRED DOUGLAS as consequences of educational influences. The (Dissertation) general procedure will be a test-retest situation How University Seniors View Their Four Years with some utilization of interviews. Appropriate statistical analysis of data will be included." Psychology Department,University of Texas, Austin, Tex. 78712;Institutional; Completion HARP, JOHN dateMarch 1968. Changes in Attitudes and Opinions of College An exploratory questionnaire sampling of Students graduating seniors of the college of arts and Agricultural Experiment Station,Cornell Uni- sciences of the University of Texas plus a sam- versity,Ithaca,N.Y. 14850; Institutional; ple of engineering students. Asks the questions: 1963-1968. What have been their constraints, what have A longitudinal comparison to investigate the beentheir problems and highpoints, what relationship between the academic social system courses have been of "extreme interest" to them and the expectations, attitudes, and opinions of and what courses were "not worthwhile at all," rural and urban students, and to determine to what type of financial support have they had, what extent changes in the student are a function and where have they lived. of the academic structure and/or his own socio- cultural and personal characteristics. Study be- JENCKS, CHRISTOPHER gan with analysis of changes invalues and opinions of 944 Cornell students interviewed in The Limits of Schooling 1950 and again in 1952. It then proceeded with Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass. 02138; "an original survey of a random sample of Carnegie Corporation & U.S. Office of Educa- 1961-62 Cornell students" and construction of a tion, & Guggenheim Foundation; September "more rigorous experimental design for the pur- 1967September 1969. pose of testing the effect of salient variables iso- A critical exploratory review, through use of lated in the two surveys." library resources, of the "empirical evidence of HEATH, DOUGLAS H. the long-term effects of formal schooling on cognitive development, values, career choices, MaturinginCollege:Analysisof Becoming income, etc." to attempt appraisal of "whether Liberally Educated existing institutions and practices have yielded Haverford College,Haverford, Pa.;National the benefits usually claimed for them by edu- Institute for Mental Health; Completion date cators." December 1967. An experimental comparison of' Haverford KENNEDY, CARROLL E., JR., AND College students and alumni "for every fourth DAVID G. DANSKIN year since the end of World War II," by means of several standardized measures, plus intensive Integrative Experiences of College Students interviews, with studies of Italian and Turkish KansasStateUniversity,Manhattan, Kans. university students testing the generality of the 66502;National Institute of Mental Health & model of maturing in different religious cultures, Institutional; 1967-1970. to "test a theory of maturing and the applicabil- A descriptive studyusinginterviews and ity to personality changes between ages 17 and weekly group observations as well as several 21, and determine the socio-institutional deter- established personality measures with approxi- minants of that maturing." mately 160 students at Kansas State University HINES, ROBERT C. to discern the key developmental phenomena in process and to examine methods of communi- 1966 Freshman Performance Study cating such experiences to the campus commu- Office of Institutional Research, University of nity. "Multi-Dimensional Observation Systems California, Berkeley, Calif. 94720;Institutional; should provide an enriched background out of January 1967Spring 1968. which to generate testable hypotheses and con- A comparative study of 2,000 freshmen, using ceptualize a milieu for student growth." American Council on Education Freshman Sur- vey 1966 and University of California, Berkeley, LA FORGE, ROLFE, SHOULDIS, academic records "to discover significant rela- ROBERT, AND WILLIAM BANAKA tionships between academic performance and Class of 1970, University of Portland demographic and personality characteristics . fall,1966. A simple comparison of' scholastic Psychology Department, University of Portland, performance ... with the American Council on Portland, Oreg. 97203;Institutional & Alumni; Education findings . 1966 -1967,

24Students

vrcra. v.-an. ' ill A comprehensive study of the Class of 1970, A project to investigate the formal education building upon the results of Paul Heist's Eight of our baccalaureates after the baccalaureate has College Study, using an extensive questionnaire been awarded. with all 1966 freshman plus interviews of one hour with a random sample of 83, "to provide NEWCOMB, THEODORE M., AND an up to date, objective basis for future policy KENNETH A. FELDMAN decisions" by the university, a Roman Catholic institution. The study, especially the interviews, The Impacts of Colleges upon Their Students will continue through senior year, and is ex- Institute for Social Research,Universityof pected to reflect changes in institutionaL :mpact Michigan, Alm Arbor, Mich. 48104; Carnegie on students in view of recent changes such as a Foundation; Janary 1968. self-study, a faculty self-examination, and the A completed report to the Carnegie Founda- formation of a new governing board, as well as tion of "an attempt to integrate a wide variety a change in focus in American Catholic higher of published and unpublished studies from the education. Questionnaire solicits information on middle years of the 1920's to the middle years of demographic data, socioeconomic background, the 1960's dealing with the impacts of colleges present source of financial support, subcultures, upon their students." It "began as an attempt to student goals, reasons for matriculating, antici- assess the evidence concerning the nature of pations, religious preferences and practices, and values held by American college students as re- attitudes toward education and politics. Also 471 lated to the variety of colleges ..." Includes a scored items of the Omnibus Personality Inven- 38-page bibliography, and raw data charts ac- tory. Interim report contains description of in- company a 31I-page text. Some major aspects terview process. "Interviews began in January examined are: changes in values, goals, authori- and continued into April [1967]." Of special tarianism; political, economic, social, religious interest: In interviews the subjects considered and intellectualorientations; freshmen-senior personal development to be the primary purpose differences; sequence of experiences; major field; or a college educatun, but most frequent criti- residence groupings; student culture and faculty cism concerned lack of intellectual stimulation relationships; and persistence and change after by environment and faculty. Over half of the interview sample mentioned as a strength that college. "Teachers are approachable, interested in stu- dents, talk to them after class," or the like. This NEWCOMB, THEODORE M. (Sponsor), comment was made by about three times as AND SANDRA S. TANGRI (Dissertation) many students as was the cited criticism about a UnconventionalCareerOrientationsamong lack of intellectual challenge. College Women MALLINSON, GEORGE G. Institute forSocial Research,Universityof Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich. 48104; Personal; Factors Affecting College Students' Achievement November I967August 1968. in Science An analytical study based on 350 women in School of Graduate Studies, Western Michigan the 1963 cohort of seniors involved in the Michi- University, Kalamazoo, Mich. 49001; U.S. Office gan Student Study at University of Michigan. of Education; 1967-1971. Includes questionnaire "data on occupational A four-year study of college science students, aspirations, background characteristics, college using questionnaires, college transcripts, and experience, and the Omnibus Personality Inven- the Kuder Preference Record for 1,000 students tory and semantic differential on self-concept" who previously participatedinthe "Science plus results of six testing sessions, 45 minutes Motivation Project," to determine "I) to what each, with a total of 118 women for three other extent such student characteristics as reading personality and attitude measures, to discover ability,mentalability,interest andscience how career women, that is, those who aspire to achievement in high school relate to the later some degree of eminence and concentration in a selection of and success in, science courses in career, may differ from women who aspire only college, and 2) how the background of secon-to traditional femakt occupational roles. Pos- dary school science teachers and families of the sible areas of difference to be examined include: students relate to the same." Student sample to 1) background characteristics, 2) college experi- be compared with noncollege student sample. ence, 3) personality and attitude characteristics. MORISHIMA, K. PEMBERTON, CAROL Post-Baccalaureate Education University Immo Study Office of Im.itutional Educational Research, Uni- versity of Washington, Seattle, Wash.; Institu- University of Delaware, Newark, Del. 19711; tional; -. Institutional; -June 1968.

I 25 Effects of the College Experience

"rt A study of student change during the under- University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis. 53705; graduate years, with special reference to under- National Institute for Mental Health; Comple- achievers, over-achievers, and students perform- tion date-1968. ing as predicted. A descriptive comparison of Part of a larger study "to suggest which insti- 839 1967 seniors at University of Delaware, 400 tutional characteristics are most conducive to of which took College Student Questionnaire, completing a college education...in view of Part I, as freshmen, of which 76 were studied indications that many drop-outs... have aca- more intensively than the rest by personal inter- demic potential to do college work. .. Prelimi- views: "1) to assess change in educational and nary results indicate that high status students, vocational plans, college activities, and attitudes even those of low ability, are channeled into longitudinally between freshmen and seniors; schools with high graduation rates wbereas the 2) to find out whether certain attitudes are more opposite is true for low status students." This apt to change than others; 3) to relate suchphase began with a one-third sample of high changes to sex differences, resident-commuter school seniors in Wisconsin in 1957 (10,000 with status, and curriculum; 4) to compare responses 1,889 males) followed up in 1964, who attended to College Student Questionnaire items for a college in those years. "College characteristics group of under-achievers, over-achievers, and were obtained primarily from standard hand- students performing as predicted, and find in on colleges and universities in the United which areas there are the most significant differ- States." ences." SPIVACK, SYDNEY S., AND REGAN, MARY C., AND GEORGE D. ROBERT P. ALTHAUSER YONGE Study of Student Change Comparative Study of Negro and White College Gradual es University of California, Davis, Calif.;Institu- tional; 1963summer 1970. SociologyDepartment,Princeton University, Princeton, N.J. 08540;College Entrance Exami- A cross-sectional and longitudinal study, test- nation Board, Esso Educational Foundation, ing and retesting with the Omnibus Personality Field Foundation, Ford Foundation, New York Inventory and the College and University Envi- Foundation, Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, Seth ronment Scales plus an original student ques- Sprague Foundation, John Hay Whitney Foun- tionnaire,"tostudy changeinintellectual dation, & Woodrow Wilson National Fellowship interests,liberalorientation, and social-emo- Foundation; July 1966July 1969. tional adjustment. .. over four years. Aim is to determineexperienccs,perceptions,typeof Survey research on 935 matched Negro and housing, etc. correlated with above mentioned white alumni of three universities in New Jersey personality change." and Pennsylvania, "to determine to what ex- tent a college degreee underwrites comparable ROSSI, PETER H. economic rewards and middle class values and attitudes, when the degree recipients are Negroes Graduates of Predominantly Negro Colleges-- from imegrated versus predominantly Negro Class of 1964 schools. Aims: "1) to trace the occupational National Opinion Research Center, University of careers of ... Negrograduates ... compared Chicago, Chicago, Ill. 60637;U.S. Department with a matched sample of white graduates... of Labor & National Science Foundation & 2) to study differences in the backgrounds... and in their occupational mobility relative to National Institute of Health; Fall 1967- . their father's occupation, 3) to assess the differ- Sampling of 1964 Negro college graduates "to ential impact of racial differences... on a host determine the employment aspirations, career of factors intervening between college gradua- decisions, and plans for graduate training," tion and .. outcomes," thatis, employment evaluated "in the light of the graduates' atti- experience. tudes toward their school, the social situation on campus, and the graduates' concepts of employ- THOMAS, MARGARETJ. ment prospects." Questionnaire to a stratified sample of Negro students in both predomi- Survey of Presbyterian Scholarship Winners nantly Negro and predominantly white uni- Board ofChristianEducation,Presbyterian versities. Church U.S., 801 East Main Street, Box 1176, Richmond, Va. 23209;Board of Christ, Educa- SEWELL, WILLIAM H., AND tionof PresbyterianChurchU.S.;March ELDON L. WEGNER 1966 . Relationship of Colkge Characteristics to Gradu- A description of the winners of Presbyterian ation scholarships in the last 20 years who have gradu-

26 Students ated from college (325, with a return of 237), "to TYLER, F. T. provide a comprehensive picture of how the Longitudinal Study of University of Victoria Presbyterian scholarship winner views his par- ticipation in the church college and the church Students overall; to provide a demographic view of the University of Victoria, British Columbia, ; winner,hisfamily, and hisrelationshipto Institutional; 1966-1971. church and community; to provide a view of his A study of 700 freshmen as they develop and attitudes and belief... ." change through four years at the University of Victoria, using personality tests and question- TROYER, MAURICE E., AND naire data, "to describe some of the characteris- GEORGE DOLCH tics of college students and changes which occur in some of their personality traits, values, and Replication and Follow Up of the 1926 Katz- opinions during the college years." Allport Study School of Education, Syracuse University, Syra- WARRINGTON, WILLARD cuse, N.Y. 13210; Personal; 1968June 1969. Michigan State University Student Inventory A comparative study of 6,000 students in 1926 Office of Evaluation Services, Michigan State with 2,000 alumni and 2,000 students in 1968, to University, East Lansing, Mich. 48823; Institu- discernrelationships between socioeconomic, tional; Fall 1967-1972. cultural, religious, academic, social, and ethical Comparison of all new Michigan state Uni- attitudes of students at Syracuse University now versity students and measures of the'r change and four decades ago. Study influences of educa- across five years by means of the Michigan State tion, maturation, and societal change. University Student Inventory. Focusing on the undergraduates in University College, the in- TUCKMAN, BRUCE W., AND vestigator is especially interested in student per- ANGELO GILLIE ceptions of faculty persons, the generation gap, and other perceptual changes. Some 8,000 new The Role of the Community College in the Devel- students, including 6,000 freshmen, surveyed as opment of Self- and Occupational Concepts base line in fall 1967. A second phase will test on School of Education, Rutgers University, New actual academic performance, using academic Brunswick, N.J. 08903; New Jersey State Educa- content tests developed within the institution: tion Department & Rutgers University Re- Michigan State University academic inventory search Council; August 1967June 1970. . A comparative field study, using thc results of WILSON, KENNETH M. the Occupational Repertory Test from 700 male freshmen of a local community college, 95 male Assessment of the Graduate Study and Career freshmen of a local university, and 40 noncollege Plans of Seniors (Women) youth, "to determine changes that occur in com- College Research Center, Poughkeepsie, N.Y. munity college students' perception of them- 12601; Institutional; 1966. selves as contrasted with their perceptions of In itself this is a completed survey of career various occupations over the course of their and graduate study plans of seniors at three two-year program, and to see if higher educa- women's colleges in spring 1966. But it also in- tion leads to a greater perception of similarity trocinces long-term annual survey of seniors to between self and higher level occupations." be coupled with data on plans of freshmen as well as information gathered "at later points in TYLER, F. T. their undergraduate careers to make possible: "1) description of the plans and changes in plans Longitudinal Study of National Merit Scholar- as well as 2) analyses designed to identify the ship Recipients factors associatal with change within and among Center for Research and Development in Higher colleges." Estimated 53 percent response by Education,University of California, Berkeley, seniors in three colleges. Calif. 94720; Institutional; 1956-1968. YUKER, HAROLD E. A descriptive study using data from question- mires on about 500 students over a four-year Measuring and Predicting the Effects of College period to describe "some of' the characteristics on Students of college students and the changes which occur Center for the Study of Higher Education, Hofstra in some of their personality traits, values and University, Hempstead, Long Island, N.Y. 11550; opinions during the college years." Institutional; 1966.

27 Effects of theCollege Experience A continuing collection and analysis of data tism Scale, a teacher perception scale, and stu- on students at Hofstra Universitybeginning dent perception scale to measure perception of , using thc following instru- the characteristics of Hofstra students). Aims ments: 1) Grade Point Average; 2) Scores on to "1) discover or develop reliable measuring standardized achievement tests such as Scho- instruments to indkate changes in college stu- lastic Aptitude Test and Graduate Record Ex- dents ... 2) attempt to correlate ... with specific amination; 3) High school decile; 4) attitude experiences, 3) to attempt to correlate ... with measuresincludingthreelocallydeveloped predictors ..." scales (thc Yuker-Block Intellectualism-Pragma-

CERTAIN SPECIAL THEMESstudent participation in governance(also see pp. 140-145), reform movements,"activist" youth, subcultures, and student leadership variables.

CURRENT RESEARCH administrators with a better understanding of how to predict and control various types of AR MER, J. MICHAEL, student protests." Fraternity-Sorority Membership and Educational BLOCK, JEANNE, HAAN, NORMA, Objectives AND M. BREWSTER SMITH University of Oregon, Eugene,Oreg.; Institu- Moral Political-Social Orientations of Student tional; September 1966--December 1967. Activists Substantive research to investigate thc educa- Institute of Human Development, University of tional objectives of fraternity and sorority mem- California, Berkeley, Calif. 94720;Rosenberg bers relative to other university students. Spe- Foundation & Foundations Fund for Research cific objectives were to determine to what extent in Psychiatry; January 1966March 1968. Greeks differ from nonmembers in their educa- A comparative description of samples of ac- tional objectives, whether the observed differ- tivists and cross-sectional data on students at ences may be a spurious result of differences Berkeley and San Francisco State as well as 194 betwt.n Greeks and independents insocial trainees by means of biographical class, and other background factors rather than questionnaires and other instruments, 1) to pro- membership itself, and, if not a spurious rela- vide a "description of psychological concomi- tionship, whether the observed differences ap- tants and antecedents of student activism, in- pear to be primarily a result of the socialization volving a comparison of activist and cross- of new members into the educational values ofsection samples, and 2) to compare young people the fraternity or of the recruitment of new mem- withdifferingorientations towardpolitical- bers who already possess appropriate educa- social action in regard to level of moral judgment tional orientations of the fraternity. Oilers some shown in resolving moral dilemmas, self and evidence on the extent to which the dominant ideal-selfdescriptions,andperceptionsof educational function of a university is in com- parental socialization practices. petition with counter objectives of important subsidiarygroups and activitieswithinthe BLUM, RICHARD IL, AND EVA M. university. BLUM Drug Use Among College Students ASTIN, ALEXANDER W. Institute for the Study of Human Problems, Environmental Correlates of Student Protests StanfordUniversity,Stanford, Calif.;U.S. American Council on Education, 1785 Massachu- Public HealthService;Completion date setts Avenue, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20036; . AmericanCouncil onEducation;Summer A study of individual patterns of use and their 1966Summer 1968. hypotheticalcorrelates.Studiesbyvarious A comparative field study (with some case methods, the incidence, daily habits, subculture material), using data from 230 four-year institu- and behavior related to drug use in four higher tions and data collected by Richard Peterson ofeducation institutions. Presents questionnaire- EducationalTestingService,"todetermine developed; "drug use diary" in use on three environmental characteristics of undergraduate campuses, sociological analysis in areligious institutions that are related to the frequency ofcollege, anthropological observations of one various types of student protests ... toprovide subculture and psychological tests to be used. 28 e Students CABRERA, Y. ARTURO Sociology Department,University of Chicago, Profiles of Mexican-Americans Who Graduated Chicago, Ill. 60637; Vietnam Summer Project; From College July 1967June 1968. School of Education, San Jose State College, San Analysis and sampling of student volunteers Jose,Calif.; Institutional; January 1968July for "Vietnam Summer" by mailed question- 1969. naires, (350 responses from 800 students) as another case study of "the kinds of students "A pilot inquiry about college graduates... to lead to refined procedures, techniques and a most likely to initiate movements for campus reform and societal change." more comprehensive study. Twenty-five subjects ... sample ... first step toward .. . a wide-scope investigation,"of postgraduateprogressof FLACKS, RICHARD, ALT13ACH, PHILIP, Mexican-American alumni "to determine suc- ALPEROVITZ, GAR, AND KENNETH cess and failure differences in the acculturative KENISTON process." Student Participantsinthe Vietnam Swnmer Project CALDWELL, EDWARD Department of Educational Policy Studies, Uni- Inventory of Opinions and Activities of Institu- versityof Wisconsin,Madison,Wis.53706; tional Seniors .. Kennedy Institute of Government (Harvard Office of Evaluation Services, University of South University); June 1967June 1968. Florida,Tampa,Fla.33620; Institutional; A field study using interviews with 500 par- 1968. ticipants in the Vietnam Summer Project and A "limited probe at the University of South questionnaires to understand the "views, moti- Florida ... to achieve some understanding of the vations, and backgrounds of student partici- students' posture on issues that are troublesome pants ..." Contributory to information about and to make changes that arc possible and ap- "who student activists are, what their goals arc, propriate to stated goals of the university." The career patterns, etc." College Student Questionnaire II was given to a non-random sample of 247 seniors selected from FLACKS, RICHARD, AND BERNICE senior seminar classes. Eleven scales measure NEUGARTEN student satisfaction with various facets of the university and solicit information dealing with Youth and Social Change: Study IStudent activities and opinions on social, political, and Activists and Their Parents religious questions. Normative data is reported Sociology Department,University of Chicago, on a representative sample of college students Chicago, Ill. 60637; Carnegie Corporation & and comparative profiles arc presented for spe- National InstituteforMental Health;July cific college types such as private small colleges, 1965June 1968. teachers colleges, and state universities.. ." A field sampling of student members of civil EGNER, JOAN R. (Sponsor), AND rights and anti-war groups whose parents reside J. FREDERICKS VOLKWEIN in Chicago area-100 students, 75 fathers, 82 (Dissertation) mothersby means of personal interview, com- Relationship of College Student Protest and Par- pared with control sample of "students selected from Chicago arca colleges, and their parents," ticipationinPolicy-MakingtoInstitutional attempting to identify the "social-psychological Characterist ics roots of student protest." Interest in "predispo- Department of Education, Cornell University, sitions to social action." Ithaca, N.Y. 14850; Cornell Research Grants Committee; September 1967August 1968. FLACKS, RICHARD, AND BERNICE A pilot study, describing "the link between NEUGARTEN impersonal bureaucratic structure... and stu- Youth and Social Change: Study IIThe Anti- dent protest, alienation and desires for partici- Rank Sit-in at Chicago pation in policy making..." "Operates from the position that the structure of the university Sociology Departnwnt, University of Mao, is also a variable which significantly influences Chicago, Ill. 60637; Carnegie Fund; May 1966 student protest . .." June 1968. A case field study of a student sit-in, using a FLACKS, RICHARD, AND BERNICE random sample of student participants, a ran- NEUGARTEN dom sample of dormitory residents, and "a Youth and Social Change: Study III-Vietnam random sample of student signers of an anti- Summer Volunteers sit-in petition," by means of interview (N 112 120).

29 CertainSpecial Themes FREEDMAN, M., KANZER, P., AND I hope to report on the Free Speech Movement R. CARR as I did on the oath (California Loyalty, 1949-52) from the vantage ground that only time and evi- Attitudesof FacultytoStudent Power and dence could gain." Militancy Department of Psychology, San Francisco State GILLIS, J. R. College, San Francisco,Calif. 94132;Institu- tional; February 1968June 1968. Political Role of German University Students- 1815-1848 An exploratory study of the initial attitudes and responses of faculty members to student Department of History, PrincetonUniversity, militancy, by means of interviews with 75 faculty Princeton,N.J.; Institutional; Completion date- members at San Francisco State College. "It is 1968. the hypothesis of the researchers that the re- A social-historical study of "the political role sponse of the majority of faculty members to of the German university students between the student militancyisrepressive and punitive. Wars of Liberation (1815) and the Revolution of Automatic responsiveness of this kind will in- 1848 ... concentrating in the formation of youth hibit the establishment of the dialogue necessarygroups during the early 19th century." to resolve campus conflicts." Faculty Attitude Questionnaire includes eight open-ended ques- tions, notes on observed relationships with stu- HAAS, KURT dents, professional rank, and some biographical Hostility as a Social Motive information. New Fultz Graduate School, State University GAMSON, ZELDA F. College at New Paltz, New Fultz, N.Y.12561; Institutional; 1967. Types of Student Organizations and Their Impacts within a University A study to compare matched subjects that have diflbrent group affiliations in university- Institute forSocialResearch,University ofcollege and other schools, to test the hypothesis Michigan, Ann Arbor,Mich. 48104;Spring that "hostility may be the motivating force in 1966June 1969. stimulating certain types of group and individual A comparative field study using question-social protest movements." "Over-all a good naires with 1,300 old members and 600 new correspondence is predicted between the degree members of 29 student organizations at a Mid- of hostility and the over-all character, intent and western state university, "to understandthe direction of the group to which particular indi- nature ... recruitment ... and processes of se- viduals adhere." lected sub-groups within the university,their eflbcts on the development and change of stu- HECKMAN, DALE M. dents in them, ... and (effects and influences) in the wider university setting..." A range of Marks of Students Who Take Risk for Ethical religious, and political groups, fraternities and Cause sororities were deliberately selected (not ran- GraduateTheologicalUnion,2465 LeConte, domly). Informant interviews with leaders and Berkeley,Calif.;Personal; Summer 1967 active members. Summer 1969. GARDNER, DAVID P. An exploratory study, primarily by means of scheduled interviews, of male university students The California Free Speech Movement who decide not to recognize the authority of the University of California, Santa Barbara, Calif. U.S. over their lives 93106;1968 1971. (The Resistance), others who for similar reasons emigrate to Canada, and a non-random sample A historical case study, using mostly unpub- of their peers with similar concerns but who de- fished sourcesregents' records, administrative cide to retain their draft. cardtl. The present phase files, academic senate records, personal papers, of the study focuses on the case of one prominent personal journals and diariessupplemented by theological seminary community and the devel- personal interviews, "to report impartially the opment of a Resistance group there. Preliminary story of the Free Speech Movement, its ante- attempt to differentiate among ways of perceiv. cedents and its implications." "The bewilderinging the "cosmic context," the total world view. array of published works about this event may (This is the first of a series of inquiries into the be referred to more as evidence of why a dis- basis of individual risk taking for various ethical passionate and comprehensive account is needed causes.) One result may be to differentiate more than as proof that nothing more can be said precisely among "student activists."

30 Students HEWITT, RAYMOND, AND ROBERT MAUSS, ARMAND L. COPE J«nior College Subc«ltures Comparing Institutions Department of Sociology, Utah Stwe University Office of Institutional Smiles,University ofat Logan, Logan, Utah 84321: Personal; Pall Massachusetts,Amherst,Mass.Institutional; 1966= 1970. Fall 1967Summer 1968. Exploratory field studies of junior college sub- Descriptive data collected from 230 higher cultures, adapting the typology of' Clark and education institutions "to identify variables that Trow to the junior college setting, to describe arc useful in making comparisons among insti- entering classes of various California junior tutions." colleges, using an original questionnaire.

KERPELMAN, LARRY C. MILTON, OHMER Student Activism and Ideology in Higher Educa- Attitudes of College Faculties toward Student tion Institutions Participation in Decision Making Department of Psychology, University of Massa- University of Tennessee, Knosvilk, Tenn. 37916; chusetts, Amherst, Mass. U.S. Office of Educa- U.S. Offiee of' Education & Institutional; June tion. 1967April 1968. A comparative field study of 350 students at A descriptive sursey by interview, using ran- three very different higher education institutions dom samples or approximately 250 faculty mem- in New England by means of several personality bers (total) at five institutions or higher educa- tests and political activity scales, "to investigate tion, "to conduct a ssstematic investigation or intellectual and personality characteristics of faculty attitudes towards students' paricipation student activists and non-activists along the en- in major decisions within the academie establish- tire range of ideological viewpoints ...to ex- ment." amine assumptions about the nature of student activism by taking comparative measuro within MORISHIMA, 1. K. the same campuses of student activists and their Artswul Sciences Honors Program Evaluation nonactivist counterparts ..." and to distinguish morc precisely among background characteris- University of Washington, &oak, Wash,: Insti- tics of politically involved students. tutional; September 1967June 1969. A project to determine progress of Arts and LARSEN, SUZANNE Sciences Honor's Program enrolkes. Cluster Grouping at the University of Tennessee: A Pilot Study ROBERTS, I31WCE B. UnkersIty of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tenn. 37916; Leader, Group, and Task Variables of Leader IRO; September 1967Deeember 1967. Selection In Colkge A project to determine it' the grouping or sio. Pomona college, Claremont, Calif. 91711: Per- dents in at least three or the same course sections sonal; -- . will give time students more or a feeling or An exploratory study among 129 stuuents at warmth toward and identity with the university. the Harvo Mudd Colkgc, using the Onmibus Also aims to try and estimate the feasibility or Personality hwentory kind Peer Choke question- such a study on either a collegewide or uniser- naires, to discern relationships among variables sitywide basis. Positive results would hopefully "during the selection or a leader as an aid in decrease dropout rate. Negative results might better understanding the college-initiated kaJer limit tlw use or enormous 1 unds being used for development process." living-learning compkxes until more evidence, would warrant this. STMIR, ELVIS J. Current Status of Race Relations at !wham Uni- MASON, ELIZAI3ETH versity Student Participation in Political Opinion Office of thePresident,IndimaUniversity, Colkge Strident Personiwl Institute, University of I11000th1100n, Ind. 47405; Institutional; Comple- flu, Pacific, Stockton, Calif. 0204. Institutional; tiondateMay 190. 1967- 1968. Precented in a "Special RIport to theUnbar . A study on student participation in political sity and the Publk" by the president of Indiana opinion, involving the Colkge of the paeitiO, University (ay 1968), this study i5 a iiht"at- Raymond Collegt, kind Calli!? -on College. tempt to isolate in one document the specifics or

31 Certain Special 'Themes what Indiana University has done and is doing VON FRIEDEBURG, LUDWIG and planning in regard to.. . the academic com- munity stamping out the remedying the conse- Student and University in Berlin quences of centuries of discrimination against Institute for Social Research, Johann-Wolfgang- the black individual.. ." Not in context of a Goethe University, am Main, My lius- white paper, but as a kind of inventory of the strasse 30, ; Institutional; Fall 1963 condition within the university. In seven parts: Summer 1968. 1) The Grievance Committee on Discriminatory Practices; 2) Employment of Black Administra- A historical case study, including standardized tors and Faculty Members, as well as Recruit- intervie,vs with a random sample of 1,277 stu- ment of Black Students; 3) Greek Organizations; dents and open-ended interviews with student 4) Off-campus Housing; 5) Discrimination in leaders at the Free University of Berlin to "ex- Hiring Non-academic Staff; 6) Board of Trustees plain the failure of the peculiar constitution of Policies; 7) University Publications; 8) Soliciting the Free University, the development of student of Black Student Complaints; 9) Job Placement protest." This project includes an analysis of the Services and Prospective Employers of Indiana relations between student representatives, fac- University Graduates. A second part of the re- ulty, and administrators from the foundation of port deals with academic programs, for example the Free University of Berlin (1948) until 1964, the African Studies Center, Teaching of African and the political attitudes of the students in 1964. Languages, Cultural Programs, etc. It proceeds with a description of the Berlin stu- dent revolt (1965-68) and the reactions of the STERRETT, MARVIN D. (Sponsor), ANDmass media. The researcher seeks to take into ROBERT L. COX (Dissertation) account the political education and political atti- Disposition of Student Misconduct in Higher tude of the students, as well as the relationship Educat ion Institutions between the institutional structure and participa- College of Education,University of Houston, tion of students in the self-government of the Houston, Tex. 77004; Personal; university. May 1967. A comparative study using returns from deans WATTS, WILLIAM, AND DAVID of students at 78 institutions "to determine WHITTAKER whether the disposition of student misconduct in higher education institutions is significantly af- Interaction of Student Types and Sub-Cultures in fected by statedinstitutional characteristics," Determining College Satisfaction and Success and the affect of these manners of disposition on Center for Research and Development in Higher campus environment. Education,University of California, Berkeley, TROYER, MAURICE E. Calif. 94720; U.S. Department of Health, Edu- cation, and Welfare; 1967-1971. Roles and Value Presuppositions of Students, Faculty and Administration in Policy Making An exploratory comparison, through observa- tion, questionnaire survey, and interview, of stu- SyracuseUniversity,Syracuse,N.Y.13210; Rockefeller Foundation; 1962-1970. dent subcultures of several institutions. Intensive studies of student development on some of these Descriptive case studies using the "Troyer campuses will follow, "1) to discover the dynam- Inventory," developed previously at Interna- ics of non-curricular impact on students, 2) to tional Christian University in Tokyo, samples study the subcultures and bases for their differ- students and faculty in five institutions of vary- ences and development, 3) to determine the op- ing size and type (private and public) in order to: erational,socio-psychologicalsettingswithin 1) discover the congruencies between the per- which different students move and interact, 4) to ceived roles of students and faculty-administra- discover the varying results of participation in tion on representative issues; 2) discover con- student subcultures." Special interest in beha- gruencies and incongruencies betwc,m the values vioral changes and especially in increasing in- perceived behind appropriate roles of students volvement in nonacademic matters. Extensive and faculty-administration; 3) explore the poten- interview data collected on freshmen at five tial use of data from specific institutions for im- campuses in the spring of 1967 will be supple- proving working relationships. "Faculty and mented with further data from sophomore and administration roles are not differentiated." junior years of the same people.

32 Students STUDIES ON VALUESassumptions,goals, purposes of tite individual in relation to educational institutions.

CURRENT RESEARCH spiritual values of Filipino college students,to determine the relation of these moral-spiritual HARDING, JOHN S., FRIEDRICH, values with socioeconomic background,type of LYNETTE K., AND DORIS ROSEN education pursued, age and sex, ethnic origin Woman's Role and Academic Achievement and rural-urban backgrounds" and "to reveal (Values) the trends in the growth of moral-spiritual values of college students." Cornell University, Ithaca, N.Y. 14850; U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare; 1967. MARSLAND, D., AND JEAN BOCOCK Student Values and Attitudes: Change and An attempt to establish value orientationas Development During a Four-Year Course a crucialvariableinthe understandingof achievement motivation among women. "Will School of Social Sciences, Brunel University, involve subjects from the first and fourthquar- Great Britain; Institutional; Summer 1967 tiles of class cumulative grade averages matched 1969. for scholastic aptitude." Aims: "1) Replication of the finding that women will respond tocues An analytical survey of student values and with heightened achievement motivationscores attitudes, dealing with politics, religion,race and ..)nly when the cues are value relevant; 2)ex- other areas, wing self-completed questionnaires, amination of the relationship between value incorporating Richmond Culture Test, Rokeach orientation and level of competence of academic Dogmatism Scale,and Allport-Vernon-Lind- performance; 3) investigation of the effect of the zey, etc., "to obtain objective measures of stu- interaction of value orientation and achievement dent characteristics and the ways these change motivationscores inincreasingthe predict- during a four year university course, and to ability of grade point averages." examine the functioning of the universityas a social system and agency of socialization." JOHNSON, S. W. Questionnaires were administered to the whole 1965 entry cohort (300 students) at one institu- Progressive Changes in Students' Values, Needs, tion, repeated for four years, supplemented by and Educational Objectives sample interviews about mechanisms of socializa- State University College at Plattsburgh, Platts- tion, etc. Broad objective: to discern the nature burgh, N.Y. 12901; Institutional; of the university as an environment of extra- . professional adult socialization. A comparative field study of 400 students at the State University College at Plattsburgh over PERLOE, SIDNEY four years (1962-66), using the Poe Inventory Effects of College on Values Relevant to of Values and Edwards Personal Preference Social Responsibility Schedule, "to analyze, by sex and curriculum groups, longitudinal changes in student value, Haverford College, Haverford, Pa. 19041; Per- need and educational objective patternsover the sonal & U.S. Office of Education & National four-year college experience," for use in a more Science Foundation & Institutional; 1964. precise curriculum planning and for comparing A longitudinal case study of the impact of "manifest accomplishments versus stated accom- plishments of collegiate programs." college on values relevant to social welfare obli- gations and participation in groups, using data LACUESTA, M., DIAZ, M., QUIAMBAO, from the Haverford College classes of 1968 and C., AND N. HERNANDEZ 1969. Measures of the values were developed and partially validated by means of interviews The Value System of Filipino College Students and comparisons with small samples from Lehigh National Coordinating Center for Study and University and Peace Corps trainees. Demo- Development of Filipino Children and Youth, graphic, attitudinal personality and behavioral correlates 312 Quezon Boulevard Ext., Quezon City, Philip- of the two orientations arealso pines; National Government, Republic of the studied.. .Might help in discovering college Philippines; July 1963Summer 1968. environments that will encourage the develop- ment of good citizenship in students. Especially A survey sampling of 4,194 college students in interested in regard to "student participation in the Philippines, using College Student Question- setting up and administeringsocialcontrol naire and local Value Scale, "to measure moral- structure." 33 Studies on Values REBOUSSIN, ROLAND WRIGHTSMAN, LAWRENCE S., AND Changes of Norm and Value among College FRANK C. NOBLE Students Changes in Attitudes and Values of Beloit College, Beloit, Wis. 53511;Institutional; College Students 1967. Peabody College, Nashville, Tenn. 37203;Insti- A descriptive field study, using various instru- tutional; 1965-1970. ments with students at Beloit College, "to da- "A comparative longitudinal study of the scribe in a longitudinal study the changes which values and philosophies of freshmen (classes of occur in student norm and value systems from 1965, 1966, and 1967) to: 1) determine if stu- entering until graduation... and to specify some dents' philosophies o; human nature change as of the causal variables responsible for this change a result of the college experience; 2) relate -values .. To the extent that causal variables can be and attitudes to academic achievement; 3) learn uncovered, prolebms of measurement solved, more about the background of students; 4) relate and general processes (especially outside the dropouts to attitudes toward the institution." classroom) specified, the project is of more than Approximately 250 students per year respond to local significance." three instruments: the College Student Ques- tionnaire, Philosophies of Human Nature Scale RUTHENBERG, DONALD B., AND andTaylor'sManifestAnxietyScale,pre- ROBERT HASSENGER sumab!y administered in senior year also. Student Values Study: Central States College Association Office of Institutional Research, Illinois Wesleyan University, Bloomington, Ill. 61701;U.S. Office 1966-1967 RESEARCH of Education; September 1967September 1970. AXTELL, JOHN DAYTON, JR. Comparative case studies of "the differences in input and outcomes for student?, in the 12 "Religious Attitudes of College Students of High church-affiliated colleges of the Central States Academic Aptitudes."Dissertatio.? Ahetracts A, College Association (10 Protestant, two Catho- 27(8), 2414. University Microfilms, Inc., Ann lic), using several standardized instruments with Arbor, Mich., 1967. 100 subjects at each college. "The focus is on This study was concerned with the religious differences among the colleges, and (differences) attitudesof 409 Protestant National from other types of higher education institu- Merit tions." Scholarship winners and runners-up who en- tered college in 1956. A list of comprehensive but specific Independent variables was developed in WILSON, JOHN, WILLIAMS, NORMAN, order to try to include the effects of many of the AND BARRY SUGARMAN important factors related to change in value on Moral Education religion. These independent variables weresex, thinking introversion, the intellectual meaning- Farmington Trust Research Unit, Oxford Univer- sity, Oxford, England;The Farmington Trust fulness of the student's religion to him, and Research Unit; -1975. identification with religious groups. Intellectual meaningfulness as well as change in value on A study chiefly concerned with children and religion was measured by Guttmen scales de- adolescents and with "all institutions that cater veloped for this study. Thinking introversion for them: schools, clubs, colleges...in a broad was measured by a scale developed by Catherine sense educational," to discover "what conditions, Evans and T. R. McConnell. Identification was contexts, types of teaching, etc. can best assist measured by a behavioral index developed for individuals to develop a coherent and reasonable this study. Four hypotheses were tested, among set of morals within their societies, and to achieve them that when the other variables were con- the emotional maturity to act on them . . . trolled sex difference is not related to change in Draws on both religious and non-religious value on religion over the college span. Another writings for... values and methods which may hypothesis stated that when the other variables be useful for moral education." The project is are controlled, there is a relation between intel- also developmental and will later make recom- lectual meaningfulness of religion as assessed at mendations based on the research, help organize the end of college, and change in value on reli- training courses for teachers, and assist in the gion over the college years. This hypothesis was production of materials relevant to moral educa- proved. The study revealed that more than one- tion. Interim report to be published in Penguin half of the respondents increased the value they series 1968,as Introduction to Moral Education placed on religion, 15 percent did not change, by John Wilson, et al. and 33 percent placed less value on religion.

34 Students SKAGER, RODNEY, HOLLAND, JOHN teristics. While some of the change measures L., AND LARRY A. BRASKAMP were correlated with the initial means at the institutions studied, the findings did not appear "Changes in Self-Ratings and Life-Goals among to be accounted for solely by regrission phe- Students at Colleges with Different Character- nomena. Consequently,itisconcluded that istics." ACT Research Reports, 1966(14). hypotheses relating institutional characteristics Eleven self-ratings on personal characteristics to personality in college students had been pre- and life goals were readministered, after a one- maturely rejected. year period, to freshman and sophomore students TRENT, JAMES at a sample of 10 diverse colleges and univer- sities. Comparisons across institutions were made Religious Commitment and the Intellectual Life, of students giving the same initial response to Chicago, Ill. : University of Chicago Press, 1967. determine: 1) whether students at different col- A st-tyly comparing the intellectual and reli- leges showed differential changes on the self- gious values expressed by freshmen and seniors ratings and goals and 2) whether or not these at Catholic colleges with those of Catholics and changes were correlated with such objective mea- non-Catholics enrolledin public and private sures of college characteristics as enrollment, colleges between 1959 and 1966. Aims to illu- selectivity, or the proportion of students in minate the nature of intellectual commitment in various curricula. Differential changes were ob- a religious subculture and the relationship of served on self-ratings of popularity arid scholar- intellectual and religious orientations. Aims, too, ship as well as for goals involving religious at a fuller realization of the student vocation. values, participation in public affairs, and making Speculates about the source of the problem of a contribution to science. In each case, change Catholic intellectuality. Signs of intellectual de- appeared to be related to several college charac- velopment within the Church are revealed.

STUDENT CHARACTERISTICSduring the college years. Includes studies on the superior /talented /creative student, the disadvantaged, and minority groups.

CURRENT RESEARCH Studies in progress seek to identify "talent loss for various kinds of potentiality at the high ASTIN, ALEXANDER W. school-college transition," to identify "satisfiers and dissatisfiers for college students and to iden- Academic Achievement and Survival in College tify student potentialities which go unrealized or American Council on Education, 1785 Massa- become realized during college." Eventual aims chusettsAvenue, Washington,D.C.20036; include predicting student attrition, determining American Council on Education; Fall 1965 student potentialities for accomplishment during Summer 1968. later life, and developing more effective financial A comparative field study of 38,000 entering aid formulas aad studying thdr effects upon freshmen in fall 1965, at a national sample of 58 student persistence. "Many of these areas are institutions toward understanding the factors, currently being examined in a comprehensive both personal and environmental, influencing study of the characteristics of junior college the students' academic achievement and per- students." sistence during the first year of college. Ques- tionnaire being tested includes 175 items in the BOWMAN, DAVID L., AND LARRY following areas: personal background, hobbies, CAMPBELL past achievements, interests, values, and behavior Selection and Training of Teachers of patterns. Follow-up data include grade point Culturally Disadvantaged average and survival for sophomore year. Data School of Education, Wisconsin State University also provided on college admissions tests prior to at Oshkosh, Oshkosh, Wis.; U.S. Office of Educa- entrance. tion; August 1967August 1971, (Phases 1, II, BAIRD, L. L. III). Conservation of Student Potential' An exploratory comparison of three kinds of academically marginal freshmen by means of American College Testing Program, Iowa City, questionnaires, personal interviews, and College Iowa; American College Testing Program; Com- Characteristics Index "to develop and test cri- pletion date-1968. teria for selecting prospective candidates for

35 Student Characteristics teachingtheculturallydisadvantaged from An exploratory comparison of the utility of among those university students now withdraw- "semantic differentials" in measuring attitudes ing from college for scholastic reasons .. ." and "as contributors to learning effectiveness," with to develop an academic training program appro- samples of both graduate and undergraduate priate to this kind of student. Uses a descriptive students in the University of Wisconsin School base of: 1) "those students who attended Wis- of Education. consin State University at Oshkosh as freshmen (1966-67) and have attriculated (dropped out), CASSEL, RUSSELL N., AND RONALD 2) those who were freshmen &ring the 1966-67 LINDGREN school year and remained on campus on proba- Relation of Personality Measures to Grade Poim tion, 3) those who entered as freshmen on proba- Average tion fall 1967-68." (1,536 students). Planning and pilot activities will continue during 1968 and a Educational Psychology, University of Wisconsin preparation program for 50 incoming freshmen at Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wis.; Institutional; with poor prognosis for college success and 50 1968. freshmen who are on probation or have attricu- "A comparison of personalitytestscores lated will begin June, 1969. (Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory and Group Personafity Projective Test) in rela- BRIDGES, CLAUDE F. tion to Grade Point Average for 50 university students .. ." Automation of Basic Admissions Variables at U.S. Military Academy GROUT, STUART U.S. Military Academy Office of Research, West Ten-YearMortality and Follow-up Study of Point, N.Y.; Institutional; 1967-1969. Undergraduates Accepted to Boston University, A project primarily to develop a procedure Fall 1966 "for input to the computer and retention for Office of Academic Affairs, Boston University, research purposes of all the basic data from Boston, Mass. 02215; Institutional; 1966-1976. which are derived components of leadership potential" for the U.S. Military Academy. The A longitudinal study, using machine process- leadership potential score obtained by the com- ingtechniques,tofollowallstudents who puter isto be compared with the leadership applied for admission in fall term of 1966 as potential score evaluation by the admissions freshmen. Will determine; 1) percentage who officers. Successful transference of certain func- receive the baccalaureate degree from some insti- tions to the computer "should speed up the tution within 10 years, 2) what happens to those initial evaluation of the candidate .. and pro- who do not receive the degree, 3) what happens to those accepted but not registered, 4) the drop- vide Lome additional manhours . . ." to ad- missions officers. out rate of each semester, by member college and by university as a whole, and 5) the occupational CARBONE, GILBERT J., AND WILLIAM and educational status of both graduates and C. SEIFRIT, JR. nongraduates. Student Populations in Idaho HALL, LINCOLN H. Office of the Executive Director for Higher Achievement of Junior College Students from Education, 612 Idaho Building,Boise, Idaho Different Backgrounds 83702; Office of the Executive Director for Higher Education; October 1967January 1968. College of the Sequoias, Visalia, Calif. 93277; National Defense Education Act; A project to develop meaningful data relative to the student populations in the several Idaho . higher education institutions. Aims to provide a A comparative study of two socioeconomic sounder base upon which to project needs and groups of students, including a sub-group of 111 costs, chiefly in public higher education and Mexican-American students (N = 468), using provide a base for greater coordination between two established instruments, "to acqaire greater and among public and private higher education insight into the attitudes, motivation, and other factors which distinguish between achieving and CASSEL, RUSSELL N., AND JUDSON nonachieving first-year junior college freshmen HARMON from different socioeconomic backgrounds." Use of Semantic Differential For Attitude Assessment HEIST, PAUL, AND SARAH CIRESE Educational Psychology, University of Wisconsin Study of Male Science Students at Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wis.; Institutional; Center for Research and Development in Higher Fall 1967Spring 1969. Education, University of California, 1947 Center

36Students Street, Berkeley, Calif 94720; Department of 1966)." Both library research and interviews Health, Education and Welfare; Fall 1965 with "former students, teachers, administrators, 1968. journalists." A comparative study of several hundred sci- ence students at Harvey Mudd College, using ISRAEL, JOHN, AND DONALD KLEIN several standardized tests and personal inter- The Chinese Student Movement, 1935-36: views plus a tailor-made questionnaire to "trace Leadership and Politics change and development in male science stu- East Asian Institute, Columbia University, New dents" over a four-year period. Objectives: "to York, N.Y. 10027; 1968. determine changes in attitudes, aspirations, self- understanding and cultural appreciation. Enter- A leadership study of the December 9th (1935) ing classes of 1962 and 1963 were studied over generation of Chinese students who entered the four years, with various means of assessement Communist party via the student movement of used to measure change and development of the 1935-1936. John Israel will provide the his- initially assessed potential. Samples of graduates torical background, Donald Klein will do the and dropouts also were studied in an effort to leadership analysis. measure the total influence of the Harvey Mudd experience." JONIETZ, ALICE, AND FREDERICK E. MENZ HENRY, MILDRED, HEIST, PAUL, AND Changes in the Perceptions and Attitudes of SARAH CIRESE Honors Students ... Education and Development of Exceptional Honors Program, University of Illinois, Urbana,

Youth ... Ill. 61801; Institutional; September 1967Sep- tember 1971. Center for Research and Development in Higher Education, University of California, 1947 Center Descriptive study of James Scholars in uni- Street, Berkeley, Calif 94720; U.S. Office of versity honors program at University of Illinois Education; May 1966January 1972. (70 male, 70 female) by means of questionnaire- interview sessions at beginning of first freshman A comparative case study of 450 "high poten- semester, at end of freshman year, arid at end of tial youth," all students at colleges in the Union each subsequent year until graduation, "1) to for Research and Experimentation in Higher examine the changes in perceptions and attitudes Education. Following a preliminary assessment of a random sample of honors students in a large of 3,300 entering students (fall of 1966), the midwestern university throughout their under- study involves an analysis of the "sequence of graduate careers, 2) to determine what changes personal experiences, social and academic, and in perceptions and attitudes occur and when they the relationships between the individual and the occur; 3) to compare the perceptions and atti- environment, which lead to different degrees of tudes of the students who maintain their honors realization of the assessed potential of the excep- standing with the students who do not maintain tional, the talented and the highly creative in the their honors standing." college setting and to compare this develop- mental process of the exceptional with that of a KOSAKI, MILDRED non-random sample of students on the same Longitudinal Study of Freshmen, campuses." The preliminary assessment included University of Hawaii the Omnibus Personality Inventory (Form Fy) and a student questionnaire; the extended proj- Institutional Research,University of Hawaii, ect includes interviews and assessments of insti- Honolulu, Hawaii 96822; Institutional; Fall 1966 tutional environments, which are currently being 1973. studied. A five-year study of the 2,773 freshmen enter- ing Manoa campus, fall 1966,to furnish data ISRAEL, JOHN on the various aspects of the dropout problem. Examines the characteristics of noncontinuing The Chinese Student Movement, 1937-49 students (938) in three sub-groups: 1) dismissals HistoryDepartment,University ofVirginia, or suspensions, 2) voluntary withdrawals, and Charlottesville,Va. 22903; Social Science Re- 3) the "no shows." search Council; June 1966-1971. LANGER, PHILIP A historical study of the "political role of Chinese students, especially their relationship to Characteristics of Freshmen Needing and nationalism and Communism, during the years Receptive to Counseling of the Kuomintang government. Sequel to 'Stu- Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84321; U.S. dent Nationalism in , 1927-37' (Stanford, Office of Education; 1967-1969. 37 Student Characteristics Tests usefulness of the Rorschach structured- MUNRO, JAMES S. objective test for identifying students in need of Improvement of Persistence by Potential Dropouts counseling. An exploratory comparison, using Through the Evaluation of a General Education samples of freshmen at three institutions, each Program in two groups (those who seek counseling and those who do not), "1) to determine which fac- Macomb County Community College,Warren, tors...discriminate students in need of and Mich.; U.S. Office of Education ; September 1967 receptive to counseling..., 2) tomodify the August 1968. scoring of response-items on the sort by using a "The educational and cultural development differential measure of choice intensity for each (ECD) program at Macomb County Community response-item and 3) to construct other dis- College, Warren, Michigan, is an attempt to criminative indices ... based on meanintensity develop a one-year curriculum geared to the and frequency of choices for each response needs of average to poor community college item." (Rorschach ink blot). Normative data students. The ECD program provides a broad, collected for two consecutive integrated general education experience charac- terized by individualized faculty attention, close MAHADEVA, (MRS.) B. personal associations among students and com- Problem of Student Indiscipline . . . in prehensive testing and counselingto aidin Universities making realistic educational-vocational choices. Xavier Labor Relations Institute, Jamshedpur, Coursesstresslearnerdevelopment,critical India; Asia Foundation; 1966-1967. thinking and relationships to the local commu- nity ... About 1,100 studentswill have been Study of "achievements and aspirations ofinvolved in the ECD program as of June 1967. young people in India universities." This project is designed to permit a more effective evaluation of the first two years' operation of the McLAUGHLIN, ROGER J. program. The research is focused on the measure- Socio-Psychological Factors in Student ment of program effectiveness in relation to five Achievement key variablespersistence in college, academic State University of New York, Oswego, N.Y. achievement, educational-vocational redirection, 13126; State University of New York & Insti- involvement in college activities, and individual tutional; 1967. development." An extension of previous research which de- NAKAMURA, IRENE monstrated that ". ..academic achievement for about 1,000 liberal arts students could have been Characteristics of Students in Evening forecast with accuracy indicated by multiple cor- and Non-Credit Programs relations of .94," Will explore "factors which InstitutionalResearch,University of Hawaii, limited the accuracy of predictions of some stu- Honolulu,Hawaii;Institutional;Completion dents," and also the use of an additional set of date September 1968. variables which "may offset some of the inherent limitations of achievement forecasting with only "Descriptive data on the students in the evefl such intellective variables as test scores .. .," ning credit and non-credit programs of the Col- that is, measures of personality obtained with the lege of General Studies are being compiled and Activities Index. Data already gathered and com- analyzed forthefirsttime." Data include: puter programmed. 1)educational backgrounds,2)occupations, 3) primary reason for attending the evening MUELLER, DANIEL J. programs, 4) age, 5) marital status ... Differential C'hange in Social Responsibility ... NOSAL, WALTER S. between Honors Students and Lower Grade Point Average Students Tlw College Male: A Psychological X-Ray of Honors Program, University of Illinois, Urbana, Student Leaders, Failures and Beginners III. 61801; Institutional; Spring 1968Fall 1968. CounselingCenter,JohnCarrollUniversity, , Ohio 44118; Institutional & Cleveiand An exploratory comparison of 800 students at University of Illinois, using several standarized Foundation. scales and a questionnaire,1)to cleclop a A comparative field study of 140 students at scale for the measurement of social responsi- John Carroll University: 36 leaders (1961); 48 bility, 2) to test for a significant change in social failures(1963);56beginners(1965),using responsibility in college students between fresh- several standardized instruments plus personal man and senior year, 3) to test for a significant data. Aims "to ascertain the major intellectual, difference in social responsibility between honors personality, and electroencephalograph charac- students and lower grade point average students. teristics of three distinct groups of college males

38 Students in a single institution and relate these to pub- SOMMERS, GERALD G., AND J. lished findings on college students throughout KENNETH LITTLE the country." Conference on the Education and Training of Racial Minorities PHILLIPS, JEAN, AND R. P. CUZZORT Center for Studies inVocational and Technical Disenchantment in the Superior Student Education,University of Wisconsin, Madison, The James Center, University of Illinois, Urbana, Wis. 53706; U.S. Department of Labor; 1967 Ill. 61801; Institutional; Ongoing. 1968 (pub. 1968). "Continuing research on superior students at A research-oriented conference in May 1967 the University of Illinois. Research is practically brought together researchers from the academic oriented and serves, primarily, to aid adminis- community, private foundations, and govern- trative officials concerned with improving college ment agencies cor :erned with the "general prob- education for the superior student." lem of improving the employability . . . of minority group workers." The conference papers, many of which reported results of research on PHILLIPS, M. JEAN the education and training of racial minorities, Perceptual Changes of Honors Students: were published in 1968. Longitudinal SPENCER, RICHARD E. University of Illinois, Urbana, Ill. 61801; Insti- tutional; July 1967August 1972. Bibliography of Research in Foteign Student Affairs A comparative description of four successive. entering classes of James Scholars at University Measurement and Research Division, University of Illinois (2,000) by means of College Charac- of Illinois,Urbana,Ill.61801;Institutional; teristics Inventory and some structured inter- November 1967. views "to investigate the perceptual changes of honors students toward the university ... and STEGMAN, WILBUR N. differential perceptions of successful honors stu- Student Image of Southwest Missouri State dents versus non-successful honors students ... College to identify areas within the institutional milieu Dean of Student's Office, Southwest Missouri where modifications will be desirable ..." State College, Springfield, Mo. 65802; Institu- tional; September 1967December 1968. PIEPER, WILLIAM C. A descriptive study of "all freshmen and a M.B.A. Admissions Study sample of juniors" at one state college (N = Institutional Research and School GI Business 2,050) using the Stern Activities Index and Col- Administration, University of California, Berke- lege Characteristics Index toward the develop- ley, Berkeley, Calif. 94720; Institutional; 1967 ment of "an instrument which will measure the Summer 1968. like or dislike for those activities relevant to college success and failureinthe incoming A comparative study of 436 applications to the freshmen and predict the potential dropout .. ." graduate School of Business Administration at Ut.'versity of California, Berkeley and records TAYLOR, ALTON L. of student performance, to evaluate "various student characteristics upon admission to deter- Longitudinal Analysis of Selected Achievement, mine their efficacy as predictors of subsequent Aptitude and Intelligence Factors of Virginia success in the Master of Business Administration Enrollees at the University of Virginia Program of the Graduate School of Business Office of Institutional Analysis, University of Vir- Administration,. .(to decrease theextent ginia, Charlottesville, Va. 22903; Institutional. to which) academic administrators . .. must rely A descriptive study of some 749 underclassmen on arbitrary judgment in admissions decisions." at the University of Virginia, using test data col- lected over 10 years in the public school system, POWER, C. N., AND R. P. TISHER "to identify those first Virginia resident en- Student Characteristics at Colleges of Advanced rollees' characteristics which contribute over a Education, in Regard to Performance, Intellect period of 12 years to successful academic achieve- and Attitude ment at the University of Virginia." The study also seems "to relate the student characteristics AustralianCouncil for Educational Research to factors influencing the students to go to Hawthorn E.2,Victoria, Australia; Common- college education and occupation and education wealth of Australia; 1967-1969. of parents and size of secondary school."

39Student Characteristics YONGE, GEORGE AND KATHLEEN did with the group therapy experience; and a MOCK control group (III) which received no training Special Student Types on University of experience. Pre-post measures assessing trainee California Campuses emphatic understanding, positive regard, gen- uineness, and the degree of self-exploration Center for Research and Development in Higher elicitedinothers supported the hypothesis. Education, University of California, 1947 Center Group I consistently demonstrated the greatest Street, Berkeley, Calif. 94720; U.S. Office of amount of change, and Group II demonstrated Education; 1965-1968. change of greater significance than Group III in A two-year examination of the record and almost all cases. persistence of students on three campuses of the University of California, selected to represent : COLEMAN, JAMES 1) certain ability levels, and 2) certain significant Equality of Educational Opportunity. Washing- variations in major personality characteristics, ton, D.C., U.S. Office of Education, 1966. using the Omnibus Personality Inventory, ques- tionnaires, andspecialrecords.Studentsin A report of the extensive suniey of the public selected subsamples were surveyed early in thc schools carried out by the U.S. Office of Educa- first year for additional background and attitude tion in the fall of 1966, to assess the availability information. Examples of specified types were of equal educational opportunity to minority also interviewed during both first and second groups. Included an examination of various year. The several designated student types will home, community, and school factors in relation be compared, over the two years, for their per- to education. A part of the study dealt with sistence, transfer records, academic achievements higher education. A major finding was that and general attainments. differences in schools account for a relatively small part of the differences among students. Teacher quality and characteristics of the student body account for more of the variation. While white students are more highly influenced by 01966-1967 RESEARCH home background than the school, Negro pupils are influenced more by differences among schools BERDIE, RALPH F. than by home background. Charts and tables are "Intra-Individual Variability of Behavior and used extensively. the Predictability of Academic Success." Re- search in Education, March 1967 (3) 23. DENHAM, EDWARD CHAPLINE A study aimed at determining consistent vari- "The Prediction of College Success with Bio- ables of the individual, compiling indexes, and graphical Data and Self-Ratings." Dissertation observing the accuracy of these indexes in pre- Abstracts A, 27(3) 599. University Microfilms, dicting behavior. A battery of six tests, on each Inc., Ann Arbor, Mich., 1966. of 20 days, was administered to about 100 male A study to investigate the prediction of success students. Eight measures of variability were de- inthe College of Education,University of termined for each student. The students fell into , through biographical data and self- two groupsthose most variable and those least ratings given by students in reply to an 85-item variable. The eight variability indexes were com- multiple choice type questionnaire called the Per- pa:cd to determine the extent to which such sonal Data Inventory. Success in college was variabilityisspecific to the task. Tested the measured by grade point average and by the hypothesis that highly variable persons have number of college hours completed. The sample least predictable behavior. consisted of 139 freshmen, male and female, who entered the College of Education in 1961. Also, BERENSON, BERNARD G. 150 other freshmen who entered the College of Education in 1960 were used to check the validity "The Interpersonal Functioning and Training of generalization of the findings. The School and College Students." Journal of Counseling Psy- College Ability Test was also used to predict chology, 1966, 13(4), 441-446. college success, except with second population. A study involving volunteer college students The Personal Data Inventory scores alone ac- randomly assigned to one of three groups: the counted for 46.2 percent of the predictable vari- training group proper (I) which employed 1) pre- ance of GPA as compared to 17.9 percent ac- viously validated research scales assessing the counted for by School and College Ability Test. dimensions of empathy, positive regard, genuine- The PDI scores alone also accounted for 36.8 ness, concreteness, and self-exploration and 2) a percent of the predictable variance of hours com- quasi-therapeutic experience; the training con- pleted as compared to 0.5 percent accounted for trol group (II) which did everything that Group I by SCAT. In the questionnaire, as well as a

40Students composite of these scores, accounted for a larger to a six-page questionnaire designed to identify percentage of college success as measured by the nature and extent of compensatory pro- GPA than did SCAT total percentile scores. The grams and practices in 1964. About 37 percent personal data and self-rating scores, as well as of these institutions reasonably well distributed a composite of these scores, were found sig- in the several sections of the country reported nificantly related to the prediction of college that they were conducting compensatory prac- success as measured by college hours completed. tices. But more than half of these institutions were assisting fewer than 30 disadvantaged stu- FINGER, JOHN A. dents during the regular academic ycar. Some institutions, in addition to stating broad social "Academic Motivation and Youth Culture In- goals, listed the achievement of a diversified volvement: Their Relation to School Perform- student body among the objectives of their com- ance and Career Success." School Review, 1966, pensatory programs. In a discussion of current 74(2), 177-195. practices, the authors point to the variety of An investigation of whether some students preparatory summer programs conducted for with low academic motivation have attributes high school students by severalinstitutions, which will make them successful, if not in college, stating that this is "probably the most dramatic then in their careers, despite prediction of their compensatory development in higher education inability to perform well in college. Involved a during recent years." sample of graduates of a liberal arts college (Brown University) and the junior class of HEIST, PAUL, HENRY, MILDRED, AND Brown University (1966), using the Personal RUTH CHURCHILL Values Inveniory and a questionnaire designed to ascertain he graduates career activities and Preliminary Report on the Entering Students of the Fall Term, 1966. Berkeley, Calif,: Center for level of success as well as to identify character- Research and Development in Higher Education, istics similar to those found in the PVI. Large differences appeared, both in college perform- University of California, 1967. ance and in academic motivation, between those A report on students at Sarah Lawrence Col- who entered careers in business and those who lege, Hofstra, Shimer College, Stephens College, entered professional careers. The professional and Northeastern Illinois State. Each report de- group was characterized by higher academicscribes the students' families and high school motivation,lessextracurricularinvolvement, backgrounds as well as their aspirations and higher intelligence, and higher gradepoint aver- expectations from data gathered through student age. The most successful businessmen as com- questionnaires, Includes the questionnaire data pared with the least successful, were character- discussed and uses Omnibus Persolvality Inven- ized by higher intelligence, higher gradepoint tory data to present profiles of personality average, but lower academic motivation. characteristics of the entering students. From these data estimates will be made of the degrees GORDON, EDMUND W. of creativity and intellectual potential within a student body, of the extent of student autonomy "The Higher Education of the Disadvantaged." and spontaneity, and of the levels of cultural New Dimensions in Higher Education, sophistication and emotional stability. (28),U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare. HOFFMAN, L. R., AND N. R. F. MAIER A literature research review concluding that some progress is being made to extend higher "Social Factors Influencing Problem-Solving in education to young people from disadvantaged Women," Journal of Personality and Social Psy- backgrounds. However, that there is need for chology, 1966,4(4), 382-390. new programs of student aid, student loans, and A study of why problem-solving performance talent search, which should result in a large in women is poorer than that of men. It examined increase in the number of such youth admitted experimentally some conditions under which to college. womcn would be motivated to improve perform- ance as compared to standard experimental GORDON, EDMUND W., AND DOXEY A. conditions, thatis,a male experimenter ad- WILKERSO'l ministering problems in masculine terms. The experimental variables which were tested were: Contemporary Education for the Disdavan faged; 1) motivation by appealing to nurturant and ProgramsandPractices,Preschoolthrough affiliative motives, 2) the sex of the experi- College. New York: College Entrance Examina- menter, 3) masculine versus feminine versions of tion Board, 19b6. problems. The subjects were 135 male and 367 Findings (reported in Chapter 5) based on the female American students in a college intro- responses of 610 institutions of higher education ductory course. The results were rather compli-

41 Student Characterlstks 9 cated. Women performed more successfully on A study to assess differences among the per- amasculineproblem-solvingactivitywhen ceptions of the Albion College climate by stu- motivated by a male experimenter than by a cents of high, middle, and low ability. Student female experimenter. It seems that women's nur- perceptions of the college climate were assessed turant and affiliative motives were aroused by the by means of the College Characteristics Index. male experimenter which in turn reduced the The subjects were a random sample of 109 conflict between being feminine and the mascu- sophomores, juniors, and seniorsat Albion line problem-solving activity. Women's inferior College. For each student data were available performance on masculine problems was found, on CCI responses, Scholastic Aptitude Tests, and therefore to be more a function of inappropriate gra& point average. The results showed that motivation than lack of ability. But there was most aspects of the College Climate were per- no evidence of social factors in female problem ceived similarly by students of varying abilities. solving influence women's problem-solving per- This, perhaps, reflected the homogeneity of the formance. Only a few of these variables operate student body at Albion College. Albion students for a given problem situation, however. of middle and low realized ability weremore sensitive to the "vocational climate," than stu- JOHNSON, KENNETH WILLIARD dents of high realized ability. In addition, Albion students of middle potential abHity were more "An Investigation into Correlates of Increases aware of academic organization,thatis,a in Impulse Expression among College Students high degree of structure and regimentation in the at Selected Institutions." Dissertation Abstracts academic environment, than students of low A, 27(2) 677. University Microfilms, Inc., Ann potential ability. Comparisons were made be- Arbor, Mich., 1966. tween the Albion College environment as per- A project investigating how students who ceived by average students, and Pace's five types changed significantly on Impulse Expression of college environment. The Albion environment scale of the Omnibus Personality Inventory resembles Pace's in being science-oriented and differed from those who did not change on vari- highly competitive; but unlike thescientific ous dimensions which are particularly related to environment the Albion climate is notable for the academic aspects of college. The investigation a high degree of organization, close supervision sought to discover whether there was a greater of academic work, and a relatively homogeneous involvement in the academic pursuit of studentsstudent body. whose impu!se expression scores increased over the college years than of those students who McINTOSH, DEAN KEITH showed no increase in impulse expression scores. The total sample of 208 male students from "Correlates of Self-Concept in Gifted Students." Dissertation Abstracts A, 27(9) 2403. University Antioch, Reed, and Swarthmore colleges were Microfilms, Inc., Ann Arbor, Mich., 1967. divided into two groups: a Change group of 76, whose Impulse Expression scorPs had increased An investigation of the self-concept of gifted, at least one sigma, and a Non-Change group of honors, and averagecollege students.Self- 132, whose scores had not increased at least one concept was measured by the Bills Index of sigma during the college years. Comparison of Adjustment and Values which comprises the fol- the two groups indicated that increases in Im- lowing scores: Self-Description, Acceptance-of- pulse Expression scores over the college years Self,Ideal Self, Discrepancy Score, "Other" correlate closely with the development of per- Self Description, "Other" Acceptance-of-Self, sonality characteristics relating to intellectuality "Other" Self Ideal, and "Other" Discrepancy as well as to other factors which tend'to influence Score. The variables investigated include socio- the course of the student's college career. The economic background, parent education, parent conclusion is drawn that students whose Impulse occupation, intelligence, academic status,etc.

,Ex'pression scores. increase significantly, experi- The hypotheses were that the gifted students ence greater depths of intellectual interests. The would have significantly higher self-concepts change group chose to major in the humanities than either the honors or the average groups, instead of science or mathematics. They showed and that self-concepts of the honors students no tendency for specilization. would be significantly higher than those of the average students. A questionnaire and the self- KASPAR, ELIZABETH ANN concept instrument were used to gather data over a one-week period from second semester "An Investigation of College Climateamong freshmen, first and second semester sophomores, Students of Varying Ability; Comparisons with- and first semester juniors in the College of Letters in the Albion College Climate and across Types and Science of a large urban university. The of College Climate." Dissertation Abstracts A, gifted students did not have significantly higher 27(7), 2071. University Microfilms, Inc., Ann self-concepts than the honors or average stu- Arbor, Mich., 1967. dents, nor did the honors have significantly 42 Students higher self-concepts that the average. Only par- selectivity, or the proportion of students in vari- tial support could be given the hypotheses that ous curricula.Differential changes were ob- differences in self-concept among the three groups served on self-ratings of popularity and scholar- were related to the variables presented, and the ship as well as for goals involving religious hypothesis that the self-concept of the gifted values,participationinpublicaffairs,and would be affected by these variables. making a contribution to science. In each case, change appeared to be related to several college NELSON, DONALD THEODORE characteristics. While some of the change mea- "The Impact of Foreign Undergraduate Students sures were correlated with the initial means at upon American Undergraduate Students." Dis- the institutions studied, the findings did not sertation Abstracts A, 27(7) 2011.University appear to be accounted for solely by regression Microfilms, Inc., Ann Arbor, Mich., 1967. phenomena. Consequently, it is concluded that A study to analyze and describe the impact ofhypotheses relating institutional characteristics foreign undergraduate students upon a group to personality in college students had been pre- of American undergraduate students with whom maturely rejected. they were closely associated, compared to a con- trol group of American undergraduate students SPECTOR, IRWYN LEONARD who had little contact with foreign undergradu- "An Analysis of Certain Characteristics and the ates. Information was obtained from personal Educational Success of Junior College Fresh- data records, personality inventories, interview men."Dissertation Abstracts A,27(2),640. data, and a foreign student questionnaire em- University Microfilms, Inc., Ann Arbor, Mich., bracing age, sex, hometown, marital status, place 1966. of campus residence, college activities, military service experience, field of study, and class stand- A study to determine the characteristics of ing. The chi-test found significant differencesjunior college freshmen as a group and by cur- between the American student groups on age and riculum, as well as to determine the capability of participation in college activities. Close friends certain student characteristics in predicting edu- of foreign students were older and participated cational success. The sample was 1,547 first-time more in college activities. Close male friends of students at Phoenix College, Phoenix, Arizona. foreign students had a stronger need for suc- Probability, correlational, and regression equa- corance, while close female friends had less need tion techniques were employed to predict the for heterosexuality. Religion was stressed by educational success of students for the overall close friends of foreign students. college group and for curriculum groupings at semester intervals. The findings showed, among SKAGER, RODNEY, HOLLAND, JOHN other things, that the 18-year-old student com- L., AND LARRY A. BRASKAMP prised 51 percent of the entering freshmen, and that this age group represented 57 percent of the "Changes in Self-Ratings and Life-Goals among educationally successful students at the end of Students at Colleges with Different Character- four semesters. Stuients who attended college istics." ACT Research Reports, 1966, (14). immediately after high school tended to succeed Eleven self-ratings on personal characteristics far better than students who entered college later. and life goals were readministered, after a one-A comparison of the average ability scores of year period, to freshman and sophomore students successful students indicated a wide variance in at a sample of 10 diverse colleges and univer- abilities between students in different curriculum sities. Comparisons across institutions were made areas. The study concludes that certain iden- of students giving the same intitial reponse to tifiable and objective student characteristics at determine: 1) whether students at different col- the time of admision to college could be utilized leges showed differential changes on the self- to predict educational success. The socioeco- ratings and goals and 2) whether or not these nomic background of the student was not sta- changes were correlated with objective measures tistically significant in the prediction of edu- of college characteristics such as enrollment, cational success.

ATTRITIONdropouts and changingpatterns of college attendance.

CURRENT RESEARCH Israel Central Bureau of Statistics, Department of Social Statistics; 1964-1968. AVNER, URI A "comparison of the card file of students for Survey of Drop-outs (Israel) two consecutive years yields the student popula- Central Bureau of Statistics, Jerusalem, Israel; tion who studied in one year and did not appear

43 Attrition for studies in the next. To those students whose DANSKIN, DAVID G., AND LEROY A. studies were discontinued between the 1964/65 STONE and 1965/66 academic year, a short mail-ques- Factors Affecting Withdrawal by Agriculture tionnaire was sent asking about the reasons for Students the drop-out and future plans. A small number of tabulations from this material are to be made Agricultural Experiment Station, Kansas State shortly." "A repeat of the survey for drop-outs University, Manhattan, Kans. 66502; State of between the 1966/67 and 1967/68 academic Kansas; 1967. years, for purposes of comparison and to obtain To develop a "discriminate function predic- an idea of the direction of developments in this tion system" for predicting "drop-outs" and phenomenon." "persistence" relevant to the freshman year, allowing the assignment of estimated probabili- BAGLEY, CLARENCE H. ties (.00 to 1.00) of persisting in college during Congruence in Student Typology Classification the freshman year or withdrawal during that period. Selected aspects of the school environ- State University of New York, Cortland, N.Y.; ment will be studied as they may affect the drop- Institutional; March 1968March 1969. persist proneness of the students. A comparative study of dropouts in one insti- tution, using four standard test scales with 540 FLEISCH, SYLVIA freshmen of 1968. The "general intellectual fac- The Boston University Class of 1970 tor in college academic success" is composite and multi-dimensional: interest, aptitude, self-con- Boston University, Boston, Mass. 02215; Insti- cept, and attitude. tutional; 1966-1976. A study of the Boston University Class of 1970 BENNETT, ROBERT E. (Dissertation) to estimate student dropout rates. It will also provide information for predicting the percent- Characteristics of Participants... in a Non-Credit age of students who will go on to receive bache- Summer College Prep Program lors degrees. Class will be followed over a 10- Ohio University, , Ohio; Personal & Insti- year period in an effort to pinpoint the reasons tutional; July 1965April 1968. why students who are accepted for college fail to complete their schooling. Students in the An experimental comparison of four groups original sample who received degrees from insti- two upper class and two freshmanof 152 stu- tutions other than Boston University will also be dents at Atlantic Christian College, using three traced. College Student Questionnaire, Part I standardized scales "to evaluate...differences (Educational Testing r:vice). between participants and nonparticipants (in a non-credit summer college prep program) in FREEDMAN, MERVIN, AND P. BRAUEL 1) academic achievement, 2) attrition, 3) par- ticipation in student activities, 4) biographical Studies of Dropouts from Mills College and attitudinal factors, and 5) perceptions of Department of Psychology, San Francisco State personal needs and environment." Samples from College, San Francisco, Calif. 94132; Mills Col- entering classes of 1962-65 inclusive. lege; September 1964June 1970. An action-research project which "attempts to BROWN, THOMAS 0. identify dropouts on the basis of freshmen tests The Urban University Student: Selected Factors (Omnibus Personality Inventory and interviews) Related to Continuation and Withdrawal among 1,800 freshmen and to prevent their University of Akron, Akron, Ohio; Institutional dropping out (when appropriate)," by identify- & Personal; October 1967June 1968. ing characteristics of students who tend to drop out of Mills College before graduation. The re- A descriptive and statistical study, using data search process itself here becomes the major from 1,438 questionnaires (sent) and university retentive action. student records, to conduct a comprehensive investigation of background and attitudinal fac- GERSON, SAM tors related to the continuation and withdrawal Student Mortality Study, College of Engineering, of: 1) students who entered general college at First Class (1969) Akron University as freshmen, fall 1962 and 2) freshmen in fall 1964 at Community and Office of Academic Affairs, Boston University, Technical College of Akron. Background factors, Boston, Mass. 02215; Institutional; Completion personality traits, and personal problems viewed dateNovember 1967. as they relate to problems of attrition. Aims, to A survey of the first class in the new College of reduce premature withdrawal. Engineering at Boston University (fall 1965),

44 Students using data from the record cards and personnel OOSTHOEK, J. K., GRAS, R. R., AND files of each student (N = 117) to analyze the S. E. M. EVERWIJN student attrition rate and causes. Some com- Why Ex-Students in Mathematics and parisons of engineering students with perform- Medicine ... DiscontinuedTheir Studies ance of students from other colleges and schools (University of Utrecht) within the university. Bureau of Current Research and Statistical MORISHIMA, J. K. Studies, University of Utrecht, Kromme Nieuwe, Gracht 29, Utrecht, Netherlands; Institutional; Withdrawals from a Large State University January 1966January 1969. Office of Institutional Research,University of A project to develop a new theory and verifica- Washington, Seattle, Wash. 98105; Institutional; tion of an existing one concerning motivational Summer 1968Summer 1969. aspects of student attrition in two fields, using a An exploratory case study of students in satis- questionnaire "with pre-printed coding." In- factory academic standing who withdraw from cluded in Register of Current Research in the the university and a follow-up of "what happens Social Sciences, 1966-67, published by the Royal to them." Interviews with 150 subjects. Dutch Academy of Sciences :Social Science Council. MORISHIMA, J. K. Attrition Study, University of Washington PAUTZ, WILMER Students Follow-up Study of Freshmen Dropouts: Office of Institutional Research, University of Wisconsin State University Washington, Seattle, Wash. 98105; Institutional; Wisconsin State University, Eau Claire,Wis. Annual. 54701; Institutional; 1963August 1968. Annual report from records of 8,000 students A descriptive survey of the academic progress at the University of Washington on the attrition of 991 freshmen from one institution by means of of those admitted each fall quarter. May have official records and questionnaires, to relate the cumulative value for other attrition studies. type of housing provided by institution to the rate and reasons for attrition or retention of first NEWCOMB, THEODORE (Sponsor) AND year students. ROBERT B. ATHANASIOU (Dissertation) Selection and SocializationA Study of POLLOCK, G. J. Engineering Attrition Wastage in National Certificate Courses Institute forSocialResearch,University of (Attrition) Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich. 48104; 1965-1969. ScottishCouncil for ResearchinEducation, A comparative study using various measures 46 Moray Place, Edinburgh 3, Scotland; Scottish of 567 students who entered the engineering Council for Research in Education; August school at the University of Michigan in 1965, 1966June 1970. 111 of whom transferred out of engineering and A longitudinal field study of the "wastage" into the college of letters, sciences and arts by the (attrition) of students who enrolled in day release second semester of their sophomore year. In- classes while holding jobs, and entered the first cludes "an additional group of 109 who ... have year of National Certificate Courses in August indicated that they are dissatisfied with engi- 1966, to discern factors affecting wastage in neering." Aims to understand the "relationship ordinary National Certificate Courses. Factors between the individual and the social structure to be studied include the aptitudes, attainments, ... to adducethose factors in the educational personality characteristics, vocational interests, environment and the individual which ...will attitudes, and aspirations of the students follow- aid in the determination of appropriate occu- ing these courses. Six different types of instru- pational choice and predict attrition." What are ments. Present attritionisapproximately 75 the personal and social characteristics of those percent in these courses. who leave and those who stay? What are the conditions that determine whether or not a stu- REED, HORACE B. dent will stay even if he is not satisfied with the Motivations Related to Voluntary Drop-out and field? How can the curriculum be changed to Under- and Overachievement hold a greater proportion of entering students? Are the engineering schools losing the types of Department of Education, SkidmoreCollege, studentsthattheprofessionmostneeds? Saratoga Springs, N.Y.12866; Institutional; "Among the personality characteristics that will 1967. be examined .. .a major one is authoritar- An exploratory use of the author's own instru- ianism." ment, College Assessment Inventory, gives infor-

45 Attrition mation on eight student motivational variables Mo. 65201; Institutional; November 1967 for 343 women's college (1962) freshmen checked March 1968. again in 1966 before graduation. Researcher A descriptive survey of 279 non-returning points out the limitation that "the research sam- freshmen (as of September 1967), by means of ple is from a particular college, and transfer of questionnaires to students and their parents, to generalizations to other college populations... determine: "1) why 1966 freshmen students should be qualified. ..and checked with... eligible to return to Stephens in September did differentcollege samples," but findsspecial not do so; 2) what these former students are promise in the use of "meaningfulness of daily college tasks" as a motivation variable plus doing at present.... to see whether or not pro- gram changes are suggested by the data." three other variables.

SATINSKY, VICTOR P. Rehabilitation Program for High Ability College 1966-1967 RESEARCH Drop-Outs Hahnemann Medical College & Hospital, Phila- ASTIN, ALEXANDER W., PANOS, delphia, Pa. 19102; Grant Foundation; 1966. ROBERT J., AND JOHN A. CREAGER A project to demonstrate "a practical method "A Program of Longitudinal Research on the to reorient high ability college dropout students Higher Educational System." Research Reports, at crisis periods in their careers, .. . brought American Council on Education, 1(1), 1966. togetherina work situation where psycho- therapy and psychological counseling are made A report pointing to the major objectives of available. They are given responsible tasks and the program, which include an assessment of the treated with the confidence proferred experi- impact of different college environments on enced, established personnel. They are directed the student's development. Based on a compre- by the colleges, to the research laboratories of hensive file of longitudinal data from a repre- the College and Hospital and earn their way as sentative sample of higher education institutions technicians. They acquire highly technical skills which will be maintained. Data file will include and insight for medical research and/or ad- a representative sample of institutions, compre- hensive data concerning students, faculty, envi- ministrative responsibilities,... for the conduct of summer educational bioscience programs. ronments, and administrative policies.With Something may be learned of the etiological certain restrictions the eligible population con- factors which produce the inordinate numbers sists of 1,968 of the 2,281 institutions listed in the of college dropou+s,particularly among the 1965-66 Educational Directory. high ability students."

STEGMAN, WILBUR N. DONNALLEY, MARY JANE METCALF A Study to Develop a Measuring Instrument to "A Study of the Factors Which Influence Predict the Potential School Dropout Women College Students to Withdraw beibre Completing Their Degree Requirements." Dis- Dean of Students' Office, Southwest Missouri sertation Abstracts A, 27(8), 2388. University State College, Springfield, Mo. 65802; Institu- Microfilms, Inc., Ann Arbor, Mich., 1967. tional; September 1967December 1968. A study to find out why 442 students enrolled A study designed to identify likes and dislikes at Mary Baldwin College during 1956-1960 of college freshmen which may be correlated failed to graduate. The study also sought to with persistency and attrition. A research instru- discover ways in which certain changes may ment entitled "Descriptive Responses of Per-come about at Mary Baldwin to hold its stu- sistent Students" given all one freshmen class dents. A questionnaire constituted the chief plus samples of three other groups (N = 2,050). source of data. Other data were gathered from After one year the data from dropouts were the administrative offices of the colleges. The placed in one group and compared with the data findings revealed that more than half of the 293 from those stillpersisting. Correlations were students who replied to the questionnaire had measured between scores and dropouts with transferred to another college where they com- comparison between dropouts and persists. pleted their degrees. The two most important reasons why students withdrew from Mary WILLIAMSON, BERNICE L. Baldwin were marital plans and academic prob- Follow-up of Stephens College Freshmen lems. The most prevalent reason for withdrawal Dropouts of 1966-67 indicated in the free response question at the end of the questionnaire was to attend a large, co- Counseling Service; Stephens College, Columbia, educational stateuniversity which offered a 46Students

0.0..;...1 broader selection of courses. The study concludes tions are made for solving the attrition problem. that Mary Baldwin should carefully examine its Among these are decentralization of massive in- social and recreational programs as well as the stitutions, divisional organization to promote the facilities for co-educational activities. general welfare of all, regardless of any depart- mental selfish interest, quarter calendar to re- HARDESTY, REUBEN BOWEN place the traditional semester calendar, and "A Study of the Problem of Attrition in Selected unions of colleges to experiment in improving Types of Institutions of Higher Education with teaching techniques, curriculum, etc. There must Special Emphasis upon Solution." Dissertation be no lowering of academic standards. Abstracts A, 27(2), 629-630. University Micro- films, Inc., Ann Arbor, Mich., 1966. PERVIN, LAWRENCE A study of practices designed to reduce attri- "Sources of Strain in the College Environment tion or the act of leaving a college before gradua- as Related to Student Dissatisfaction and the tion. The student, administration, teaching staff, board, parent, or society may contribute to Drop-out." Research in Education, March 1967 attrition. A questionnaire was sent to each of (3) 18. 102 four-year colleges and universities excluding An investigation of studentdissatisfaction denominational institutions, with membership in with college and the probability of dropping out the Middle States Association of Colleges. These of college as a function of student-college inter- institutions reported practices in varying degrees action. The data were obtained from responses of magnitude and effectiveness for reducing to a revised questionnaire administered to 3,000 attrition. Queries and conferences were con- undergraduates at 20 institutions. These data ducted involving small numbers of faculty, were factors analyzed to show the relationships students, board members, parents, and citizens. of: 1) discrepancies between student self-images Ten institutions were visited. The major finding and the college environment, 2) discrepancies to concludes that it is necessary for both public and reported probability of dropping out, and 3) dis- private institutions to begin keeping complete satisfaction and dropping out to perceptions of and accurate records of dropouts and transfers the college environment, independent of self- so that future attrition studies be more meaning- college discrepancies. These data were also to be ful.This can be facilitated through greaterused to develop instruments to measure simi- expenditure in financing staff and equipment for larities and differences among colleges, sources the registrar'sofficeas well asforstudent of strain within a college, and sources of stress personnel services. Seven major recommenda- for individual students.

SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORSsocial mobility, student occupational or professional preferences, and other career considerations.

CURRENT RESEARCH Alcorn Agricultural and Mechanical College, Lorman, Miss. 39096; U.S. Office of Education; AHMED, MANZOOR September 5, 1967August 31, 1968. A description of Negro high school Role of Higher Education in Social Mobility seniors "in terms of selected factors of occupa- Institute of Education and Research, University tional and educational orientation. This study of Dacca, Dacca 2, East Pakistan; Institutional; is being made to provide educators with informa- January 1968June 1968. tion needed to improve the general and voca- An exploratory study involving a stratified tional education offered these students. The random sample of 400 students at the University study is concerned with all 12th-grade Negro of Dacca (7,000) to see whether any systematic male students enrolled in the largest high school relationshipexistsbetweenuniversityenroll- of each of the 11 counties of the Delta territory. ment and the socioeconomic background of the The objectives of the study are: 1) to identify university students with the purpose of clarify- vocational interests of youth with particular at- ing the role of higher education in achieving tention to occupational clustering, rural-urban "the national goal of social justice." differences, and differences at varying levels of scholastic aptitude; 2) to assess the various kinds of aptitudes of youth, noting levels of general BOYKIN, WILLIAM C. scholastic aptitude, clustering of special abilities, Educational and Occupational Orientation ofand rural-urban differences; 3) to ascertain levels Negro Male Youth in the Mississippi Delta of occupationalandeducationalaspiration

47 Socioeconomic Factors noting inconsistencies,if any, with aptitudes, A descriptive survey of the1,325 students rural-urban differences, and differences at vary- matriculating in the schools of philosophy, sci- ing levels of scholastic aptitude." ence, and literature at the University of Sao Paulo-1963thru1966gathering socioeco- BROWN, W. G. nomic, biographical, and opinion data. University Graduates and Their Choice of Occupa- tion HOLLAND, JOHN L. Department of Applied Psychology, University of Careers and Curricula Aston, Birmingham,England;Institutional; American College Testing Program, Iowa City, 1963-1968. Iowa; American College Testing; Completion An investigation into the kinds of factors date-1968. which influence occupational choice, with par- This chain of studies has as its chief aims: "to ticular reference to four types, which may be de- discover the ways in which a student selects a scribed as personal, social, informational, and vocational goal and a field of study, personal institutional. 1700 questionnaires were sent in and impersonal origins of careers and curricula, September 1965 to a random sample of gradu- and college experiences that affect his goals and ates from 23 universities, divided equally be- future achievement." Researchers are currently tween Arts, Social Studies, Pure Science and studying "undecided and decided students." Applied Science (and yielding) a total of 420 for "Validity of expressed choice in junior colleges each of the four faculty areas from 23 universi- and four-year colleges." ties. A response of 62% was obtained, this figure includes an adjustment based on a failure rate of HURLBURT, ALLAN S. (Sponsor), AND 12%. Between and May 1967 after GERALD M. BOLICK (Dissertation) the graduates had been at work for a year or more, contact was made with 80 respondents Socio-economic C'haracteristicsof Community who were interviewed for about 45 minutes. In College Students addition to the main questionnaire, each respon- Education Department, Duke University, Dur- dent returned a Connolly Occupational Interests ham, N.C. 27708; U.S. Office of Education; Questionnaire. This data has already provided September 1967December 1968. the first norm for university students for the A comprehensivefield Connolly O.I.Q. and will also be used to investi- description of the 11,184 students enrolled for credit in 42 North gatetherelationshipbetweenoccupational interests profile and occupation chosen. Carolina community colleges by means of a Socio-economic Profile Data Sheet (25 ques- tions), to provide "up-to-date information on CASHIN, WILLIAM E. (Dissertation) the socio-economic characteristics ofcommu- Specification and Implementation of Vocational nity college students throughout an entire state Preference by College Men system." Includes base line of socio-economic profiles for comparisons of students in North La Salle College, , Pa. 19141; Insti- Carolina community colleges and other states, tutional & Personal; May 1967May 1968. between program areas, and between curricula An experimental study of male college stu- within occupational programs. dents at LaSalle College (Philadelphia) to test the hypothesis that success at one stage of KATZ, JOSEPH, KORN, HAROLD A., "vocational development" is necessary for suc- LELAND, CAROLE A., LEVIN, MAX M., cess at the next stage, specifically, "successful AND RONALD L. STARR specification of a vocational preference"[is] Occupational Choice Process in College Students necessary for successful implementation of that preference." Uses Super's concept of "voca- Institute for Study of Human Problems, Stanford tional development" to emphasize the continu- University, Stanford, Calif.; U.S. Department of ous and essentially irreversible nature of occu- Labor; November 1965July 31, 1968. pational choice. Probable utility for student services personnel. KAUFMAN, JACOB, AND CARL SCHAEFER DIAS, J. A., MARTELLI, A. F., AND Study of Vocational-Technical Education J. C. MELCHIOR Massachusetts Advisory Council on Education, Students Obtaining the License Degree at Uni- 182 Tremont Street, Boston, Mass. 02111; State versity of Sao Paulo of Massachusetts; September 1967June 1968. University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Insti- A descriptive field study, using questionnaires tutional; 1966-1969. and interviews with 8,000 parents, students, 48 Students graduates, teachers, employers, and administra- and university students, including occupational tors of vocational schools and community col- stereotypes, and to discern any relationships be- leges in Massachusetts, toward devising a master tween the choices and the stereotypes. Some plan for the state and coordinating regionalprior research by same investigators in "three vocational schools and community colleges. South African groups."

KEPHART, WILLIAM B. SCHLOSSBERG. NANCY K. A Survey of the Employment Opportunities for Adult Male Undergraduates atWayne State Graduates of Special Education Classes in Yuma, University Arizona College of Education, Wayne State Chtiversity, Northern Arizona University, Box 4107, Flag- , Mich. 48202; Institutional. staff Ariz.; 1966May 1968. A study of adult male undergraduates, an ex- Partial fulfillment of the requirements for the ploratory study using questionnaires and group Educational Specialist Degree in Guidance and interviews wiql approximately 400 male students, Counseling. 35 years and over, enrolled as undergraduates at Wayne State University,to determine "why LANG, W. R. these older students change careers and how they manage this." Also may contribute to knowledge Professional Progress of Ex-Students of Gordon on adult development. Institute of Technology Who Have Left During the Period 1957-1967 THOENES, P. AustralianCouncil for Educational Research, Choice of a Profession in the Arts HawthornE.2.,Victoria; Commonwealth of Australia; 1967-1969. Sociological Institute, Royal University, Leiden, Netherlands; National; 1967. LITTIG, LAWRENCE W. An inquiry by means of documents, interviews, Personality Correlates of Occupational Aspira- group discussion, and the scaling technique of tions of Negro and White Students paired comparisons of semantic differentials, over a three-month period, to learn more about Graduate School, Howard University, Washing- how decisions are made by those choosing the ton,D.C. 20001; U.S. Office of Education; arts as a profession. Appears in Register of Cur- 1967---. rent Research in the Social Sciences 1966-67, An exploratory comparison of real and ideal published by Dutch Social Sciences Council. vocational aspirations of Negro and white col- lege students, with samples of 70 Negro students TROW, MARTIN (Sponsor), AND attending a middle class Negro college,70 IVAN H. LIGHT (Dissertation) Negro students attending a working class Negro Self-employment and Education as Avenues of college, and a control sample of 70 white stu- Social Mobility for Chinese, Japanese, and Ne- dents attending a middle class white college. A groes in Urban Areas projective measure (Test of Insight) of achieve- ment, affiliation, and power motivation and a Sociology Department, University of California, self-reporting test of fear of failure (Test Anxiety Berkeley,Calif.94720; U.S. Department of Questionnaire), plus a questionnaire on occupa- Labor; . tional aspirations and expectancies of success A comparative and historical examination of were used. The personality variables were found the roles of business proprietorship and educa- to interact with social class in affecting occupa- tion in the social mobility of three nonwhite tional aspirations of Negro college students. groups, Chinese, Japanese and Negroes. It... "will determine rates of mobility through self- MORSBACH, P. HELMUT, AND employment and education through each group GISELA MORSBACH at different historical points." Limited primarily Occupational Choice and Occupational Stereo- to members of the three groups in the San types of Japanese High School and University Francisco Bay area. St udents Department of Psychology, International Chris- WALLHAUS, ROBERT, AMUNDSEN, tian University, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan; Personal: RICHARD, AND STEWART SCHUSTER July 1968December 1969. Financial AidsAllocation An experimental survey by questionnaire, con- OperationsAnalysisDivision,Administrative ducted in various schools and universities in Data Processing Department, University of Illi- Japan, to investigate elements entering into the nois, Champaign, Ill. 61820; Institutional; Spring occupational choices of Japanese high school 1968Fall 1968.

49 Socioeconomic Factors 1,t

Development of a heuristic algorithm for use Australian Journal of Higher Education, 1966, by campuses of the University of Illinois "to 21,3), 207-218. allocate scholarship funds, loan funds, and stu- dent work funds to undergraduates in a manner A study of motives for choosing a course of consistent with policies of the financial aids study and career and the time at which decisions office." are made. Questionnaires were distributed to all first year students in law and engineering at the University of Melbourne. Eighty percent of the Law students, numbering 203, responded, while 1966-1967 RESEARCH 189 Engineering students (99%) responded. The findings revealed three classes of students: those SEWELL, WILLIAM H., AND VIMAL P. who make the subject matter the main determi- SHAH nant of their choice, those who consider secon- "Socio-Economic Status, Intelligence, and the dary gain beyond training (security, prestige, Attainment of Higher Education." Sociology of etc.) the most important, and those whose deci- Education, Winter 1967, 40(1), 1-23. sions are guided by experiences of an intellectual A study of a randomly selected sample of or social character. While interests were more Wisconsin high school seniors to examine the important to the engineering students, the law relative influences of socio-economic status and students looked more to gain. An interest in measured intelligence at successive stagesin some aspect of the subject matter was the main higher education. The investigationrevealed reason for the decisions made by students at an that both socio-economic status and intelligence early age, but students deciding later were in- have direct effects on planning to attend college, clined to give a personal motive for the decision. on college attendance, and graduation, as well To the law students, social and intellectual expe- as indirect effects on college plans and college riences seemed more important, although these attendance. With females, 1-owever, the relative did not appear to affect decision time to any effects of socio-economic status are more pro- great extent. nounced than the effects of intelligence. On the whole, intelligence seems more important than YAMAMOTO, KAORU, AND 0. L. socio-economic status for both sexes, in deter- DAVIS, JR. mining who eventually graduates from college. "Teachers inPreparation: Motivation, Idea- WERTS, C. E. tional Fluency and Inter Professional Attitude." "Career Changes in College." National Merit Journal of Teacher Education, (USA),1966, Scholarship Corporation, Research Reports, 1966, 17(2), 205-209. 2(7). A study of a sample of 102 female students in A project concerning changes in career plans their junior year at Kent State University, 27 in during the freshman year. Samples of male stu- the secondary education program, 42 in ele- dents interested in engineering, teaching, medi- mentary education, and 33 in early childhood cine, business, law, chemistry, accountancy, and program. The Personal-Social Motivation Inven- physics, from 248 heterogeneous colleges were tory, Minnesota Tests of Creative Thinking and studied. The results support the generalization the Interpro-fessional Attitude Inventory were that in terms of academic ability and social class used. The findings suggest that preparatory pro- background, students who are unlike the major- grams for different levels of schooling tend to ity of the other students with the same initial attract and/or retain teacher candidates with career choice tend to change their career plans different motivational characteristics. Seemingly, to another field where they would be like the the early childhood education program is repre- other students. sented by those students whose critical and power motivation are significantly lower than WESTERN, J. S., AND D. S. ANDERSON those of secondary or elementary education "Some ImplicationsofCareerDecisions." students.

TEACHING AND LEARNINGwith special reference to research on grading, testing, and other criteria for evaluating students.

CURRENT RESEARCH Hope College, Holland, Mich.; U.S. Office of Education & Institutional; February 1967June BEACH, LESLIE R. 1968. Learning and Student Interaction in Small Self- An exploratory study of small-group learning Directed College Groups processes, using 81 students enrolled in a social

50Students a 4

psychology courseduring two semestersof A descriptive survey of 307 undergraduate 1966-67 at Hope College for: "1) identification majors in political science at the University of of patterns of behavior in a small student group California at Berkeley in 1967, "to describe the engaged in self-directed learning activities in a characteristics and educational behaviors of social psychology course, 2) determination ofundergraduate students majoring inpolitical ways in which college students learn from each science and their attitudes toward the major and other, 3) determination of why and where learn- the department." ing does not take place in such a group learning situation, 4) extent to which other desirable out- COX, ROY comes of college teaching-learning process occur in this type of learning settingin addition to Forms of University (Student) Assessment mere classroom achievement." University of Essex, Essex, England; Social Sci- ence Research Council; 1965June 1970. CARDOZIER, V. R. Phase I: A survey of the literature on exami- Relationship of Undergraduate Achievement to nations in higher education. Phase II: A study Success in Teaching of the meaning of different forms of university assessment (appraisal) in terms of the charac- Agricultural Experiment Station,University of teristics of students who do well or badly, and Maryland,College Park, Md.; Institutional; the differing opportunities and constraints ex- 1967-1968. perienced by students. A comparison of institutional records and transcripts of graduates who entered teaching of EAST, MARJORIE vocational agriculture 1959 to 1960, along with Experience with Disadvantaged for Education of ratings of teachers' performance, "to determine Home Economics Teachers the relationship between success in teaching vo- cational agriculture, and achievement in under- Graduate School, Pennsylvania State University, graduate college courses in eight subject matter University Park, Pa. 16802; U.S. Office of Edu- areas." cation; 1967-1968. Study of a 12-week program for homeeco- CARTER, LAMORE J., AND nomics teacher trainees who lived and worked ARLYNNE LAKE CHEERS in disadvantaged homes and jobs in order to im- Comparisonof Two Groups of Elementary prove their ability to help high school youth in Teacher-Trainees Whose Professional Experiences vocational programs. Changes in attitudes, in- formation andpersonality Differ in Organization, Scope and Sequence orientation were measured. Grambling College, Grambling, La.; U.S. Office of Education, Institutional; September 1965 EPPS, EDGAR G. June 1968. Development of a Division of Behavioral Science An experimental comparison of two groups of Research, Carver Research Foundation elementary teacher-trainees (60) who received Carver Research Foundation, Tuskegee Institute, two different types of training over two consecu- Tuskegee, Ala. 36088; Ford Foundation, Institu- tive 18-week semesters: 1) traditional methods tional; September 1967. course approach, 2) an integrated course ap- proach taught by psychology professors and sub- A project to develop, through several initial ject matter specialists, teaching the scope and research projects variously funded, of a research sequence of content emphasized in the elemen- division primarily for special research on the tary school and integrating the principles of ele- Negro and race relations, with training experi- mentary methods, educational psychology, and ences in the field for students and faculty mem- tests and measurements. Two groups will be bers, as well as consultative services. Begun by compared for professional knowledge, content of means of a cooperative research and training elementary school curriculum, and classroom project with University of Michigan, Center for behavior (adaptationto changing classroom Research on Conflict Resolution, primary three- situation, teacher-pupil discourse). year, $300,000 grant from Ford Foundation, plus supporting grant ($100,000) to University COUNELIS, JAMES STEVE of Michigan. Special emphasis on economic development in Alabama. Undergraduate Majors in Political Science Office of Institutional Research,University of FRENCH, JOHN W. California, Berkeley, Cahf,; Institutional; Spring Student Types and Response Patterns on the 1967spring 1968. College Level Examinations 51Teaching and Learnhig New College, Sarasota, Fla. 33578; College En- versity of Washington, Seattle, Wash.; Institu- trance Examination Board; September 1967 tional; September 1967June 1968. September 1968. A study of why students change major, when, A descriptive study of varied types of students to what fields from what fields, etc. (80) at three Southern institutions using three different instruments, to "identify types of think- RUTHENBERG, DONALD B. ing among students at three colleges according to item response patterns on achievement exami- Student Attitudes on Grade Perceptions nations: advantages given to observed student Institutional Research, Central States Col: ^e types by certain item types will be revealed and Association, 2530 Crawford Avenue, Evanston, evaluated." "Should contribute to the fairness Ill. 60201; Central States College Association; of certain College Board test to all types of stu- March 1968August 1968. dents." Uses assorted information about stu- dents including an interview on solving problems An exploratory effort to elicit "relationships aloud. between student perception of grades and cheat- ing,anxiety,course selection and manipula- LAWRENCE, PAUL tion..." by means of questionnaires followed by interviews of selected students and faculty Three Experimental Teacher Training Centers for members at Illinois Wesleyan and Illinois State. Teaching Culturally Disadvantaged ("Operation Fair Chance") SCHLESSER, GEORGE E., AND California State Department of Education, Sacra- JOHN A. FINGER mento, Calif.; U.S. Office of Education; 1967. Measurement of Academic Motivation A project to develop teacher training centers at the University of California at Berkeley, Colgate University, Hamilton, N.Y. 13346; Col- lege Entrance Board & Institutional September Fresno StateCollege,and CaliforniaState College at Hayward for enabling selected teach- 1959. ers "to communicate more effectively with cul- A project to construct a nonintellective mea- turally disadvantaged youth.. . emphasizing suring instrument that will predict academic preparation of the students for more effective achievement with as much validity as do intel- participation in economic, social, and cultural lective measures (scholastic aptitude tests). Aims activities with special emphasis on realistic vo- to conduct research related to the study of the cational choices and preparation... viewed in resulting Personal Values Inventory and its uses. its broader sense, including... human relations, It is anticipated that the Personal Values Inven- consumer economics, reading, and communica- tory will be found useful in counseling and ad- tion." Will involve both preservice and inservice vising selection of students who are risks and for teacher education, emphasizing an internship. research on personality patterns.

LYSAUGHT, JEROME P., AND SKAGER, R. W., AND J. M. ROBERT G. HERLEONI RICHARDS, JR. Predicting Individual Success in Programming Student Growth and Development Self-Instructional Materials American College Testing Program, Iowa City, College of Education, University of Rochester, Iowa; American College Testing; Completion Rochester, N . Y . 14627; U.S. Office of Education; date-1968. October 1966-1968. Having probedthe"dimensions of self- An experimen,al field study, involving 50 pro- ratings of college freshmen," this research has grammer trainees participating in a formal uni- moved on to identify "the influence of various versity course, "to develop a logical set of guide- lines or criteria to be used by an educational teaching styles on satisfaction and student out- comes in junior colleges, .. institutionin . and the relation of determining which individuals distance and commuting to the careers of stu- would be most promising as trainees in the pro- dents in two-year colleges.. gramming process for developing self-instruc- . and the relation of the plans and activities of students at the end tional sequences." Uses five standardized instru- of their two-year college career to cxperiences ments, testing mental abilities, critical thinking, during college." American College Testing also values, and personality, plus two questionnaires of local origin. plans "validation of an interpersonal compe- tencyscale and development of a scale of originality." MORISHIMA, J. K. Change of Major Study SPENCER, RICHARD E. Office of Institutional Educational Research, Uni- Reliability of College-Level Classroom

52Students

. - Measurement and Research Division, University A study to determine the degree of resistance of Illinois,Urbana,Ill.61801; Institutional; toward taking standardized tests among univer- November 1967. sityundergraduates and high school seniors planning to attend college. The relationship of WILSON, KENNETH M. test taking to class standing, socioeconomic Selected Response Patterns, Class of 1970, by status, sex, parents' educational level, and com- Students of Nine Women's Colleges parative high school differences was also to be examined in a random sample group of 431 College Research Center, Poughkeepsie, N.Y. Indiana University undergraduates and 289 high 12601; Institutional; 1967-1970. schoolseniors.Informationwasobtained Use of College Student Questionnaire, College through a questionnaire and an attitude scale Research Center Part I, during orientation pe- was developed to measure the degree of test re- riod in order to collect regularly a wide range of sistance. A significant number of students information on students (in eight member insti- showed evidence of test resistance in general. tutions of College Research Center), begun in Approximately 36 percent of the students tested 1964. Self-assessments by eight classes of 1970 showed resistance to testing significantly above will be tested forutility in predicting actual the mean of the total group. It was concluded academic performance. that female students in general are more test re- sistant than males. Further findings were related to the size of the high schools attended. Students who attended medium sized high schools demon- 1966-1967 RESEARCH strated greater test resistance than students from large high schools. No significant difference was CUNNINGHAM, DAROLD found for the total group with regard to socio- economic status. It was also found that there "Test-Taking Attitudes Among University and were significant differencesintestresistance High School Students." Dissertation Abstracts A, among students of different achievement levels. 27(4), 1651. University Microfilms, Inc., Ann The lowest achievers were the most test resis- Arbor, Mich., 1967. tant.

ALUMNI

'CURRENT RESEARCH FREEDMAN, MERVIN Studies of Vassar Alumnae Who Were Studied ASHER, E. J., JR. as Undergraduates Survey of Activities and Attitudes of Alumni Department of Psychology, San Francisco State Institutional Research, Western Michigan Uni- C'ollege, San Francisco, Calif 94132; Institu- versity, Kalamazoo, Mich.; Institutional; January tional; September 1967June 1969, 1968January 1969. A descriptive field study of the Vassar college A descriptive survey of 1,650 Western Michi- classes of 1957, 1958, and 1959, by means of tests gan University alumni by means of a locally de- and questionnaires (900) and interviews (80), "to signed questionnaire, "to analyze the graduates assess the meaning of college education among a characteristics across several categories of activ- group of college educated women who were ities and opinions, and to establish a descriptive studied intensivelyas undergraduates. These data base of former students." women are now ages 30 to 32. In addition to immediate educational issues, the study will also DUNN, S. S., AND P. J. FENSHAM shed light on ways of life in the American upper midd:e class..." Recent Diplomates at WorkStudy of Employ- tnent Situation of Recent Diplomates GLOCK, CHARLES Y. Faculty of Education, Monash University, Clay- Vocational Analysis of Male College Graduates eon, Victoria 3168, Australia; Commonwealth of in Liberal Arts Australia; 1967-1969. Survey Research Center, University of C'alifornia, A study reporting the relationship of students' Berkeley, Calif. 94720; U.S. Office of Education; training (technical) to the demands of their jobs February I963August 1967. as alumni and to their future prospects of ad- A survey of male college graduates (18,000) vancement. in 80 to 120 four-year colleges, graduating classes

53 Alumni of 1948, 1953 and 1958, to: 1) provide informa- married and with children; one-third "indicated tion concerning vocational programs of liberal they had encountered obstacles in their careers arts graduates tovocational counselors and because they were women." placement officers, 2) to provide information on the experiences of alumni to college administra- ROSSI, ALICE S. tors and faculty members, and 3) furnish infor- Family and Career Roles of Women College mation to employers on the significant man- Graduates powerresourceconstitutedbyliberalarts graduates. Social RelationsDepartment, Johrs Hopkins University,Baltimore,Md.21218,National GREELEY, ANDREW M., AND JOE L. Institute of Health; Spring 1964Fall 1968. SPAETH A description of women college graduates The Alumnus Looks at His College from a random sample of 135 colleges across the country by means of mailed questionnaire, to National Opinion Research Center, University of explore two major kinds of variables: 1) family Chicago, Chicago, Ill. 60637; Carnegie Corpora- orientation, and 2) career choice and commit- tion; 1968June 1969. ment. Project explores both variables separately, A longitudinal study, using self-administered the relationship between them, and "early de- questionnaires to gather data on a sample of terminance of both," toward a "deeper under- collegegraduates(1961graduatingclasses), standing of the non-cognitive aspects of wom- which will attempt to "answer questions on the en's orientation to higher education, careers and relevance of a college education to the gradu- work commitment." ate's later experience and the relationship be- SCHEIN, E. tween college experiences, personal characteris- tics and alumni support." This is a followup Distribution and Packaging of Higher Education study of those undertaken inthe spring of The Sloan School of Management, Massachusetts 1961-64. Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Mass.; Not yet underway. KATZ, JOSEPH A comparison of the various educational pro- Study of Adult Women cesses involved in preparing people for the pro- Institute for Study of Human Problems, Stanford fessions of management, law, medicine, and University, Stanford, Calif. 94305; College En- engineering, starting with college and ending trance ExaminationBoard; with various adult education activities provided June 1969. for members of theseprofessions. Aims to "describe the roles which education plays in the An exploratory study of alumnae of different life of a personhis career, his role as a citizen, colleges and of population samples by question- and his personal development." This portion naire and interview.Stanford University and will include studies of the "external institutions Santa Rosa Junior College are providing the that provide education in one form or another, initial samples. suchasprofessionalassociations,corporate educational programs, and other nontraditional MUELLER, KATE (Sponsor), AND institutions ... such as, unions and other em- MARY C. WINKLER (Dissertation) ployment-related activity. Here also the question of tit: impact of corporate-based education for Life Styles of Women with Earned profit activity would be covered." The general (Indiana University) approach is to "study changes in the students Higher Education Department, Indiana Univer- during and after their higher education experi- sity, Bloomington, Ind. 47405; Personal; 1967 ences, and to relate these changes to: 1) the goals March 1968. of the schools or other educational programs, A survey primarily by means of a question- 2) the events which occur during the programs, naire of women who earned doctor's degrees 3) the events which occur subsequently in the lives of the alumni." fromIndianaUniversitybetween1952-62 (128 = 70% response), todescribe:"1)the SPAETH, JOE L. present and past activities of the women in rela- tion to their careers, 2) the home lives... at the The Careers of College Graduates time of study, 3) opinions about themselves and National Opinion Research Center, University of higher education for women ..." Noted ten- Chicago, Chicago, Ill. 60637; U.S. Office of Edu- dency for women doctors from other fields to cation, National Science Foundation, National cross over into education employment; great Institute of Health Foundation, National Insti- activity in professional organizations; 69 percent tute of Mental Health; 1961-1967.

54Students A survey of college graduates, using data col- Center for Research and Development in Higher lected by four questionnaires from an original Education,University of California, Berkeley, sample of 41,000 graduates, plus data from 1947 Center Street, Berkeley, Calif. 94720; U.S. registrars at their institutions "to discover the Office of Education; Completion dateSeptem- extent to which college graduates undertake ad- ber 1968. vanced education and persist in it; to describe the kinds of jobs held by the non-graduates; to Comparative case studies of alumni of a vari- provide a general accounting of the life styles ety of higher education institutions, using ques- and social locations of graduates three years out tionnaires and interviews: "1) to determine their of college...[and] assess the impact of college activities and attitudes in the areas of politics, on its graduates, including the extent to which religion, and esthetics; 2) to... assess changes a college education promotes social mobility and in the young adult years,. .. 3) to relate the incorporation of the talented into the labor variations...(activities, attitudes and changes) force." to the types of students bodies and the types of TRENT, JAMES AND JANET RUYLE colleges attended." Alumni compared by type of institution and with samples of higher education Graduates from a Sample of Colleges and Uni- graduates of same age (N = 175) from two versities (College Experience and the Alumni) California metropolitan areas.

OTHER STUDIES ON STUDENTS

CURRENT RESEARCH The General College, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minn. 55455; Institutional; Sep- BEGGS, DON, AND ROY MAYER tember 1958June 1968. Measuring Impulse Control A longitudinal descriptive study of 300 stu- dents who entered the General College in fall Southern IllinoisUniversity,C'arbondale,Ill.; 1958, followed by mail survey, "to developa Institutional; July 1967June 1968. more functional program for the future student An empirical investigation of the impulse population." "... The student population sam- control of individuals, constructing the "Self- pled is representative of the population of most Report Test of Impulse Control" with scoring metropolitan community colleges." key and validation tests. KNOBLAUCH, H. C. BRIDGES, CLAUDE Position and Status of Agricultural Colleges and Index of Physical Exertion (As a Measure of Graduates in Australia Motivation) Australian Council for Educational Research, U.S. Military Academy, Office of Research, West Hawthorn E.2,Victoria,Australia; Common- Point, N.Y.; Institutional; 1966-1970. wealth of Australia; 1967-1969. An exploratory evaluation of the use of physi- ological indices before, during, and after a series LUNNEBORG, CLIFFORD E. of strenuous physical tasks, "as measures of motivation to enter the U.S. Military Academy." Evaluation of Multiple Predictors and Criteria in An "objective physiological measure of motiva- the Community College tion to enter USMA might be developed... by University of Washington, Seattle, Wash. 98105; further research." College Entrance Examination Board; Comple- tion dateSeptember 1968. BUTTERFIELD, M., AND L. KANE A study of "the interrelationship of the Col- The Part-Time University Student lege Entrance Examination Board's new Com- Education Research Unit, Research School ofparative Guidance and Placement with tests of Social Sciences, Australian National University, the Washington Pre-College Testing Program. Canberra, A.C.T. 2600, Australia; 1968-1969. It will include academic and non-academic cri- teria for community college students." KINGSLEY, G. GORDON, AND DAVID L. GIESE MARGOLIN, RUBIN J. Five-Ten Years Later: A Longitudinal Look (At Feasibility of Regional Rehabilitation Counseling the General College, University of Minnesota) Center for Deaf Students... 55 Other Studies on Students

I i RehabilitationInstituteProject,Northeastern the neutral condition (p less than .02 using the University, Boston, Mass. 02115; Rehabilitation Mann-Whitney U). In the second study Ss scor- Services Administration; September 1965June ing above the median in n Cognizance weremore 1968. likely to rank high the search for knowledgeas a A survey of data from 150 higher education goal of college education than were Ss scoring institutions, 40 high school students, 25 parents, low. Subjects scoring high in n Cognizance also 30 specialists with the deaf by means of ques- scored higher on Fricke's measure of Creative 4 tionnaires and interviews "to determine thePersonality (OAIS) than did Ss scoring low. feasibility... of a special regional counseling Incidental findings indicated then Cognizance was not associated with n Achievement, Scho- facility for... deaf students who would attend college as part of a student body with normal lastic Aptitude Test score,orgrade point hearing, [and] to determine the structure, staff- average. ing, method of operation, and functional proce- SHOUDEL, PEARL W. dures... Institutions of higher education have shown a considerable...reluctance to accept A Descriptive Research Study of Biracial Student deaf students... resulting in a vocational situa- Teacher Teams tion in which the deaf are shunted into the lower Philander Smith College, Little Rock, Ark.; U.S. level occupations," Office of Education; January 1968January 1969. McGOWAN, JOHN F. A study designed to "provide student teachers Establishment of Regional Facility to Serve the of two races with experience in human relations Severely Handicapped (University of Missouri) and to acquaint them with conditions, attitudes, University of Missouri, Columbia, Mo. 65202; misconceptions, strengths, and problems of the U.S. Office of Vocational Rehabilitation; 1965 other race. In this project a minimum of 10 pairs 1970. of student teachers, one Negro and one white, A development to "modify the facilities, and will work together as teams. They will do one- organize the services of the University of Mis- half of their work in a predominantly Negro souri so severely handicapped students of region school and one-half in a predominantly white can attend and receive education. Major areas school. Through discussion and the sharing of experiences,problems encountered,reactions involved... are 1) modification of physical facil- and the outcomes of their approaches toward ities. . . 2) organization and coordination of services available, and 3) creation of new ser- problematic solutions, these students should be vices and facilities." well prepared forassignment inintegrated schools. Social and psychological factors which O'CONNOR, PATRICIA, AND JUDITH influence the learning process in the integrated KAHN school have been identified. A scale for deter- mining the attitudes held by various groups of Validation of a Projective Measure of n Cogni- teachers will be administered to the student zance teachers before and after their participation in Center for Research on Learning and Teaching, this project and to samplings of certain groups The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich. of teachers." 48104; Center for Research on Learning and Teaching; July 1965February 1968. SPENCER, RICHARD E. A project to develop a measure of n Cogni- College Students Questionnaire Data Related to zance following the procedures of McClelland, Academic Success Atkinson et al, in the development of projective Measurement and Research Division, University measures of other motives, for example, in of Illinois,Urbana,Ill.61801; Institutional; Achievement. Protocols written by Ss under November 1967. aroused and neutral conditions were compared Data arranged "by all University of Illinois and contrasted in order to identify content oc- and college." curring more frequently in the aroused than in the neutral conditions. A scoring system was VELEMA, E., AND C. F. VAN DER developed on the basis of observed differences. KLAUW The scoring system was then applied to stories How Freshmen at Twente Institute of Technology written by new groups of Ss and the relationship between n Cognizance and other appropriate Spend Their Time criteria assessed. Technesche HogeschoolTwente,P.O.217, Results to date indicate that the inter-judge Enschede, Netherlands; National; 1965. reliability (rho) in scoring stories for n Cogni- Appears in Register of Current Research in the zance is above .80. In the initial study n Cogni- Social Sciences 1966-67 published by Dutch zance scores were higher in the aroused than in Social Sciences Council. 56Students WHITLA, DEAN K. Dissertation Abstracts A, 27(9), 2832. University Study of the Scholastic Aptitude Test at Harvard Microfilms, Inc., Ann Arbor, Mich., 1967. Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass. 02138; A study of the relationship between student College Entrance Examination Board; 1968. satisfaction with his choice of college and the extent to which certain of his own characteristics "Results of a factor analysis of Scholastic match those of others at his college. The study Aptitude Test scores will be related to external also investigated which matched student and criteria, such as specific course grades, seminar institutional characteristics are more important evaluation, and proctor evaluations." than others in predicting and discriminating the degree of student satisfaction. In the spring of 1964, 7,257 students at 24 colleges were tested 1966-1967 RESEARCH with the American College Survey. Personality and interest, scholastic potential, and subcultu- HOFFMAN, L. R., AND N. R. F. MAIER ral orientation were selected as variables. The results indicate, among other things, that in four "Social Factors Influencing Problem-Solving in instances, groups of students who were above Women." Journal of Personality and Social average on the relevant characteristics had the Psychology, 1966, 4(4), 382-390. highest percentage of very satisfied students. Of A study to discover why problem-solving per- three groups of students who were above aver- formance in women is poorer than that of men. age, below average, or similar to the average It examined experimentally some conditions students at a particular college on a particular under which women would be motivated to im- variable, relatively more satisfied students were prove performance as compared to standard found in the similar in only four of 18 cases experimental conditions, that is, a male experi- where significant relationships existed. A finding menter administering problems in masculine which seems related to the sex role expectations terms. The experimental variables which were of our cultureisthat university males with tested were:1)motivation by appealingto above-average scores on masculine scales were nurturant and affiliative motives, 2) the sex of inclined to be more satisfied with their choice of the experimenter, 3) masculine versus feminine a college. The study concluded that matching versions of problems. The subjects were 135 male which is relevant to satisfaction seems to depend and 367 female American students in a college on the type of institution, the sex of the student, introductory course. Women performed more and the particular matching variable. successfully on a masculine problem-solving activity when motivated by a male experimenter SHAFFER, ROBERT H., AND LEO R. than by a female experimenter. It seems that DOWLING women's nurturant and affiliative motives were aroused by the male experimenter which in turn Foreign Students and Their American Student reduced the conflict between being feminine and Friends. Indiana University, Bloomington, Ind., the masculine problem-solving activity, prob- 1966. lems were found, therefore, to be more a func- A study was to define the problem of the cul- tion of inappropriate motivation than lack of tural interaction between foreign and American ability. But there was no evidence of social fac- students and to ascertain some of its distinguish- tors in female problem-solving revealed in the ing characteristics on a large,typical, Mid- results. It was concluded that several variables Western university. The inquiry was approached influencewomen'sproblem-solvingperfor- by analyzing personal data characteristics, per- mance. Only a few of these variables operate sonality inventories scores, and personal inter- for a given problem situation, however. view responses of a group of 554 American stu- dent friends of foreign students at Indiana Uni- RAND, LEONARD PETER versity to ascertain the origin and development "A Study of the Relationship between the of the relationships between foreign and Ameri- Matching of Student and Institutional Charac- can students and determine the American stu- teristicsandCollegeChoiceSatisfaction." dent's perceptions of foreign students.

1,1

57 Other Studies on Students Chapter II FACULTY

FACULTY-STUDENT INTERACTIONin the classroom and elsewhere.

CURRENT RESEARCH An exploratory field study of 1,700 under- graduates, sampled from each "faculty," using ANDRINGA, ROBERT C. (Dissertation) several standardized instruments and one of local design, "to isolate and define modes of Superior Students' Perceptions of College Teach- thinking and studying that are optimally pre- ing as a Career dictive of success, differentially between facul- Michigan State University, East Lansing, Mich.; ties; and to relate such modes to student person- Institutional; 1965-1967. ality, school, and social background. The aims are: 1) to reduce failure rates... bymatching A questionnaire survey of 954 juniors and study style to task style demanded seniors with a 3.2 grade point average (88% re- ..., 2) to help teachers analyze own problems in transmitting turn) plus a special questionnaire from 64 de- content .. ." partment chairmen "to produce new information which would better define the need for under- CASSEL, RUSSELL N., AND GEORGE graduate recruitmentof prospectivecollege UHLIG teachers and suggest directions such recruiting efforts might take." Suggests factors influential Student Image of a Superior University Professor in career decision making, perceptions of college Educational Psychology, University of Wisconsin, teaching, and chances of pursuing academic ca- Milwaukee,Wis.;Institutional;Fall 1967 reers. Summary of findings: Almost none of the Spring 1968. departments are making any special effort to encourage their most able undergraduates to A canvassing of 1,000 students at University of Wisconsin, upper division, for anecdotal ac- consider college teaching; college teachers have counts of critical incidents which describe for greatest influence on students' perceptions of college teaching as a career. them success and failure by the professor in col- lege.Also asked: professor's relationship to APT, MADELINE student, faculty rank, academic area. Aims to "identify and describe significant differences be- Creative Behavior: An Explorationinto Per- tween the superior and ineffective university sistency professor." The students polled are all in school EducationDivision,Wright StateUniversity, of education and have grade point average of 2.5 Dayton, Ohio 45431; Summer 1968Winter or better. Faculty questionnaire for rating col- 1969. leagues also included. An exploratory use of the Torrance Tests of FELDFIUSEN, JOHN F., AND ERNEST Creative Thinking with 100 student teachers and McDANIEL 25 cooperating teachers in the public schools and their pupils, with pre- and post-testing to discern Relationship Between Student Ratings, Professor's whether a prolonging of certain conditions de- Attitude and Publication Record signed to facilitate creative behavior may in fact Departinent of Education, Purdue University, establish or foster greater persistence in creative Lafayette, Md. 47907; Institutional;October behavior. Random selection of groups of educa- 1967May 1968. tion students. An exploratory survey and comparison of ap- BIGGS, J. B. proximately 100 Purdue faculty members who have collected student rating data (fall 1967), Strategies, Personality and Faculty Performance using three instruments of local design, to try to Educational Research Unit, Monash University, describe "relationships among student ratings, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Institutional; Jan- professor's attitudes towards students and teach- uary 1967December 1970. ing, and professor's record of research and

58 Faculty scholarship." Uses a modified 50-item version studentratio,attitudes and motivations of of the Minnesota Teaching Attitude Inventory faculty and students, curriculum, etc. (in specific adapted for use with college and university in- disciplines) on student academic behavior and structors. "The research and publication infor- opinion about reform?' Aims toward a publica- mation will be the only responses analyzed." tion that might lead to academic reform in West Germany that would take into consideration the HALL, DOUGLAS T. specific situation of each academic subject (its Study of Teaching and Learning at Yale history, "ideology," curriculum methods, etc.). Yale University, New Haven, Conn. 06520; Ford Foundation; Spring 1967Spring 1969. MANN, WILLIAM R. An exploratory field study at Yale involving Changed Attitudes of College Students as Mea- 22 instructors and 300 students in 25 under- sure of Teaching graduate courses in humanities and social sci- Office of Institutional Researcl,University of ences, "to assess the impact on student learning Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich. 48104; Institutional; of the similarity between certain teacher and January 1967July 1969. student characteristics." Measured variables in- An original and a replication study in two con- clude: 1) teacher self-image, 2) student's image secutive years of 700 students, 18 teaching assis- of the teacher, 3) student's self-image, 4) teach- tants. . . ing style, 5) student's learning style. Several re- in department of economics at the University of Michigan "to determine what be- latedstudies by same author precededthis havioral characteristics of instructors, as per- research. ceived by students, effect changes in affective and cognitive qualities of students during a HARTLEY, T. C., BOKENKAMP, R. W., college course In introductory economics. Rates ET AL. teaching assistants by means of College En- Research in Student Evaluation of Teaching trance 111xamination Board tests, course grades, Opinion, Attitude and Interest Survey, "test of Office of Instructional Resources, Department of attitudessophistication,""testof economic Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, Ill. understanding." 61801; Institutional; 1967. "Systematic continuing study and use of stu- McKEACHIE, W. J., MILLHOLLAND, J., dent evaluation of departmental instruction has ISAACSON, ROBERT, AND RICHARD been carried on for seven semesters. Formal es- MANN tablished procedures cover data collection, ma- Characteristics of Effective College Teaching chine processing, and administrative review of the results. Anonymity of students and faculty Department of Psychology, University of Michi- is maintained in profiles prepared by courses, gan, Ann Arbor, Mich. 48104; U.S. Office of and in comparisons made by course or course Education; July 1, 1963June 30, 1968 (present groups and by rank. Various validating criteria phase). have been used, and the system is found to be A studytoidentifyfactors "determining usefulandinformative.Furthervalidation teaching effectiveness and student learning in continues." college," using primarily classes in introductory psychology at Michigan University over five JENNE, MICHAEL, KROGER, M., AND years. U. MOLLER-PLANTENBERG The Student and His Curriculum: The Situation NEWCOMB, THEODORE, AND in German, Classics and Physics DONALD BROWN Max Planck Gesellschaft, Institute of Education The Pilot Progmm (An Attack on Impersonality) Research, Berlin, Germany; Institutional,Stif- Center for Research on Learning and Teaching, tung Volkswagenwerk; Fall 1964Fall 1968 University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich. 48104; (publication). Institutional; 1962-1968. A comparative field study of the "situation" A study of a developmental project in the in German language and literature classics, and University of Michigan College of Letters, Sci- physics, using questionnaire and interviews with ence and Arts that "brings together the academic 1,150 students and 75 faculty members at the world of classroom, laboratory, library with the Free University of Berlin, University of Bonn, social world of the residence hall or other living and University of Frankfurt am Main over arrangement of the underclassman." 1) Sections period of several years "to define and... mea- of 10 courses frequently elected by freshmen are sure the relevance and influence of different fac- reserved for members of one men's house and tors such asorganizationalset-up,teacher- one women's house. 2) Graduate students of

59Faculty-Student Interaction high academic achievement are employed as To test Postlethwaite hypothesis that informal resident advisors with the status, salary, etc. of small group student contact with faculty member teaching fellows. 3) Responsibility lodges with is of significant aid in upgrading the student dis- committee of college faculty and three repre- playing previous low academic achievement. sentatives of the residence halls. "In 1965, the principal change was the offering of special TROW, MARTIN, AND SEYMOUR courses for pilot students only ... taken to pre- UPSET test certain curricular offerings being planned for the residential college." Pilot program as- National Surveys of Faculty and Studentsin sumes that 1) university should attempt to affect American Higher Education the out-of-class life of its students, 2) it can avoid University of California, Berkeley, Calif 94720; forcing a manipulated environment on its stu- Carnegie Commission on the Future of Higher dents, and therefore, 3) provides the means to a Education; 1968Summer 1970. "rationally unified campus life available in the residence hall, encouraging but not forcing the "Two large-scale sample surveys and two inter-penetration of academic and social expe- supplementary studies of a non-survey nature rience.... The pilot student has a chance to be- (1. a primary statistical analysis based on pub- come acquainted with faculty members under lished data and 2. observational and related re- relaxed, social circumstances... are encouraged search techniques in a more intensive examina- to invite their instructor to dinner at the hall." tion of alimited number of institutions or In 1966-1967 the program included approxi- institutional complexes) as an attempt to provide mately 475 freshmen and 150 sophomores, filling a firmerdescriptivebase forunderstanding 64 sections of 44 courses involving the coopera- American higher education .. .as an institu- tion of 22 departments. They occupied three tional order or social system." Aims to cover the men's and two women's houses, staffed with five broad spectrum of higher education from junior resident directors and 20 resident fellows. In colleges to graduate schools. "Portraits of the next phase of the program, "each pilot quad- academic men...as members of a profession rangle could become a small, two-year residen- and contributors to their disciplines," and of tialcollegium with some academic facilities "the students who form their clientele. . . . built in." Major attention to the sorting out processes whereby institutions obtain student bodies of SNYDER, BENSON differing orientation and composition" and to how students view their education regarding Educational Role of the Recitation Section interests and careers. To provide "a corrective Education Research Center, Massachusetts Insti- to overgeneralization" by developing a typology tute of Technology, Cambridge, Mass. 02139; of institutions, putting "statistical flesh on the Institutional; 1967. figure, exploring the anatomy" of the system. Some particular problems include: varying pat- "An experienced psychologist has been sitting terns of training and recruitment, work, attitudes in on some classes to observe the type of activity and values of facultyhow widely the patterns that goes on in the class and then has been con- of leading institutions prevail; discontinuities in ducting extensive interviews of the students who academic quality which clearly demarcate insti- attended the class to find out how much of their tutional types of functions, characteristics, and needs had been met by the classroom activity in orientations. Actually, a study of distinct dis- an attempt to identify the needs which were left ciplines as well as of institutions. Student study unfulfilled by the regular recitation class." plans to include "the unknown halfthe large number of relatively modest or weak institu- SPENCER, RICHARD E. tions." Also a typology of institutions by char- Effect of Different Delays of Knowledge of Quiz acteristics of student bodies. Results on Student Achievement in Agronomy Measurement and Research Division, University TROYER, MAURICE E. (Sponsor), AND of Illinois,Urbana,Ill.61801; Institutional; WILLIAM G. DECOLIGNY (Dissertation) November 1967. Congruency Between and Among Student and Faculty Perceptionsof MaleUndergraduate STUART, CYROL Types ti Analysis of Hypothetical Value of Highly Struc- School of Education, Syracuse University, Syra- tured Student Advisory Sessions with Academi- cuse, N.Y. 13210; Personal; 1966-1968. cally Marginal Students Comparative descriptions of 400 students and Social Studies,Oakland Community College, 125 faculty members at Hamilton College, Syra- Bloomfield Hills. Mich.; Institutional. cuse University, and New York State College of

60 Faculty i;

Forestry to discover: 1) the congruencies and 1966-1967 RESEARCH incongruencies between male college students' preference of student stereotypes; 2) professors' GOLDBERG, LEWIS R. preference for student stereotypes; and 3) stu- dents' perceptions of professors' preference for "Student Personality Characteristics and Opti- student stereotypes, using five student stereo- mal College Learning Conditions." Research in types by Stern's studies of college environment Education, U.S. Department of Health, Educa- and an adaptation of Osgood's Semantic Dif- tion and Welfare, (2) February 1967, p. 6. ferential. A study to discover the number and nature of any personality characteristics of college stu- TULLY, EMERSON, AND R. MARTIN dents which predispose them towards learning McGIRT, JR. more effectively from one, rather than some other, particular college instructional format. Academic Advisement in Three Public Universities Data collected from a previous large-scale study in Florida involving about 900 college students would be analyzed. Students were taught by one of four Florida Board of Regents, University System of different instructional formats in each of two Florida,Tallahassee,Fla.;Florida Board of collegecourses. They completed a compre- Regents; Summer 1965-1968. hensive battery of personality measures which A descriptive field study, by means of inter- included 30 structured personality, motivation, views and questionnaires, of selected faculty and attitude inventories, yielding over 500 per- members and students at three Florida public sonality scale scores for each individual. universities, "1) to determine the time spent by university teaching faculties in academic advise- YAMAMOTO, K., AND H. F. DIZNEY ment and 2) to ascertain the adequacy of this "Eight Professors: A Study of College Students' advisement time as perceived by students and Preferences among Their Teachers." Journal of advisors." Population includes:1)all faculty Educational Psychology, 1966, 57(3), 146-150. advisors in each division or college, 2) a strati- A study of students' preferences in the context fied sample of all other teaching faculty, and of pressures on faculty to engage in activities 3) a stratified sample of all students. other than teaching. There were four hypotheses: Given four types of professors (administrator, WILSON, ROBERT C., AND JERRY G. socialite, teacher, and researcher), 1) students GAFF would prefer teachers and socialites to the other; 2) female students would make larger differentia- Faculty Characteristics and Impact on Students tion between types; 3) advanced students would Center for Research and Development in Higher show a stronger preference than less-advanced Education,University of California,Berkeley, students for the administrator and researcher Calif. 94720; U.S. Office of Education; 1967 types; 4) professors from liberal arts would be 1970. preferred to those from education. Subjects were 87 graduate, 131 senior, and 82 junior secondary A comparative field study of 1,200 faculty education students at Kent State University. members at six institutions (and later of faculty Eight brief descriptions of professors, varying members at 20 institutions), by means of ques- only the main interest and faculty, were pre- tionnaires from both faculty and students at each sented individually in random order for rating institution followed by selective interviewing. on a Likert-type scale. Analysis of variance Aims to provide: "1) instruments for assessing showed a significant main effect for professor faculty characteristics ..., 2)empirical informa- type, with an order of preference of teacher, re- tion of impact of faculty on a variety of stu- searcher, socialite, and administrator. This effect dents. . .,3) contributions to theories of the interacted with student levelas predicted. A teaching-learning process...[has] implications significant faculty effect (education being pre- for differential faculty recruitment and for in- ferred) disappeared when sexes were analyzed service training of college teachers." separately. No major sex differences emerged.

61 Faculty-Student Interaction

"Tr", 41.* ... asellmo, FACULTY-INSTITUTIONAL INTERACTIONincludingsome teacher training programs (See pages 50-53 for related studies) and studieson academic freedom.

CURRENT RESEARCH A survey of 948 junior college instructors (9%), 83 deans of instruction, and coordinators BABER, ERIC, AND ELDON LICHTY of 22 programs of junior college instructor training "to review and analyze existing college Pilot Program of In-Service Faculty Seminars and university programs for the professional Junior Colleges preparation of instructors for California public IllinoisStateUniversity, Normal,Ill.61761; junior colleges, and to determine components Institutional; 1967-1968. which are considered to be most appropriate for inclusion in such programs." Research preparation for a pilot program of (Cashin's address is: Political Science Depart- seminars for junior college instructors in Illinois :dent, El Camino College, via Torrance, Calif. which "will include four sessions of two hours 90506.) each, during second semester of 1967-68 aca- demic year... at fourIllinois junior colleges... CENTRA, JOHN, PETERSON, RICHARD as a guide for development of a full scale series E., AND RODNEY HARTNETT of seminars for all of the State's two-year insti- tutions." Content of seminarswillinclude: Institutional Vitality Study 1) philosophy, nature and functions of junior Educational TestingService,Princeton,N.J.; college, 2) curriculum development, 3) student Kettering Foundation; February 1967April personnel services, and 4) terminal education. 1968. Proposal includes survey data from 34 public junior colleges in Illinois which indicate "major A pilot project for developing an instrument issues of concern among faculty members," to measure institutional vitality, that is, "some preparation of teaching faculty, institutions of important dimensions of institutional function- prior employment, and other responses. ing." Uses Institutional Functioning Inventory with approximately 5,000 subjectsmostly fac- ulty, with some students and administrators CANE, B. S. at 50 institutions. Should help understand "how The Teaching Day and Junior School Teachers various constituencies at an institution perceive what is going on." The National Foundation for Educational Re- search, The Mere, Upton Park, Slough, Bucks, England; The National .Foundation for Educa- CHAMBERS, JACK A. tional Research; September 1968September College Teachers and Their Effect on Scientific 1969. Creativity Following a pilot inquiry, the researcher is University of South Florida, Tampa, Fla.; Insti- attempting to establish "the nature of the job for tutional; May 1966August 1969. which student teachers are preparing," by means A comparative description of recent Ph.D.'s of a descriptive field study of 100 "junior school and their teachers in fields of chemistry, biology, teachers selected at random from a stratified and psychology, using six different instruments sample of school in an English county. Teachers including a biographical inventory and an in- are observed for complete days during school ventory of teaching factors developed by the hours... sample days for the whole school year are covered." This study author, with 600 recent Ph.D.'s and 1,400 college is intended by the teachers. Aims to identify "those characteristics sponsors to contribute "to reappraisal of teacher of teachers and the learning situation which sig- education programs. . ." It will continue "a nificantlyaffect development of the college qualitative study of some of the sub-categories student as a creative scholar," and "provide ... of the teaching day (for example, interrup- tions, markings, discipline)." further guidelines for selecting potentially cre- ative students for training in the sciences."

CASHIN, H. JOHN (Dissertation) COOK, JOE B. (Dissertation) Programs for Professional Preparation of Instruc- Faculty Influences in the Decision Making Process tors for Junior Colleges of the Multi-Purpose University School of Education,University of Southern Department of Educational Administration, Uni- California, Los Angeles, Calif. 90007 Personal; versity of Florida, Gainesville, Fla.; Personal; August 1967April 1968. January 1968December 1968. 62 Faculty An exploratory study by means of interviews New Yo, 1c University,NiagaraCommunity with University of Florida staff members, to College, Niagara Falls, N.Y.; Personal; Sep- analyze governance of a large multipurpose uni- tember 1967August 1968. versity, including the influences of faculty in its decision making processes. With data from a questionnaire random sample of 20 percent of faculty and of adminis- GRAYBEAL, WILLIAM S. trators in New York State's community colleges, plus "extensive interviewing of personnel in 10 Teacher Supply and Demand in Public Schools, colleges chosen for their geographical location," 1968 this study will attempt to determine extent to Research Division, National Education Associa- which two year college faculty and administra- tion, 1201 Sixteenth Street, N. W., Washington, tors agree on functions of their institutions as D.C. 20036; National Education Association; statedin two major policy statements. One September 1967August 1968. hypothesis is: "A faculty, as a collegial body, will transmit its own values and perceptions to A descriptive survey by means of question- the college. If there is a high level of conflict naires of all institutions which prepare persons between faculty and institutional objectives (for to teach in public schools, providing information example, open-door policy),the educational for about 230,000 persons. Two different forms, programisendangered." Can helpindicate filled in by the department of education in each balance between local autonomy and central state, provide a "report of the new supply of supervision. instructional personnel" and "report of the employment status of persons prepared to teach JOHNS, R. L., AND JOSEPH B. COOK during the previous (academic) session." (Dissertation) HEDING, HOWARD W. (Sponsor), AND FacultyInfluencesintheDecisionMaking ORVILLE E. BOWERS (Dissertation) Process of the Multi-Purpose University Elements of Institutional Climate Pertaining to College of Education,University of Florida, Faculty Morale Gainesville, Fla. 32601; Personal & Kellogg Foun- dation; January 1968August 1968. University of Missouri, Columbia, Mo.; Personal; October 1965May 1968. A descriptive case study of the informal pro- Development and testing of an instrument, cess of decision making in one university, using "Faculty Morale-Institutional Climate scale," questionnaires and interviews with 88 faculty for describing faculty morale in institutions of members with emphasis on 25 particular influ- higher education. In this project, 232 faculty ences. Faculty are "chosen at random" but at- members from a list of 1,452 "supplied by ad- tention is given to "status leaders" and social ministrators of 31 public and private institu- interactionswithreferencetoinstitutional governance. tions ...university, four year college, and two year college," rated 50 item statements pertain- ing to conditions at their institution and sup- JONES, WILLIAM C. plied personal data, for example, age, marital Higher Education Seminar: For Those Planning status, number of years of teaching experience. Careers in College Teaching HUBBELL, ROBERT N. Institute for College Teaching,University of Oregon,Eugene,Oreg.97403;Institutional; Faculty Perceptions of Faculty Participation in 1967-1968. University Decision Making Development of a one-credit course, a coop- HigherEducation Program,ColoradoState erative venture of faculty and administration, University, Fort Collins, Cob. 80521; Institu- using approximately 12 lecturers over a span of tional; January 1967March 1968. three quarters "to provide preparation for ad- A replication study using a comprehensive vanced graduate students planning careers in questionnaire and interview format to sample teaching and administration in collegiate insti- 25 percent of permanent faculty (N = 110) at a tutions." large state university in the West "concerning their perceptions of the faculty's role in univer- KELLY, M. FRANCES sity decision making." Job-SeekingStrategiesof Public TwoYear HUNTER, JOHN 0. College Faculties in New York State Comparative Analysis of Faculty and Administra- Office of Institutional Research, State University tion Views on Stated Functions of the Compre- of New York, Buffalo, N.Y. 14214; Institutional; hensive Comnwnity College Spring 1966February 1968.

63 Faculty-Institutional Interaction

e lac^1,--- Wrnee,3 A descriptive field study using 1,000+ ques- Center for Research and Development in Higher tionnaires and 71 intensive interviews with two Education, University of California, Berkeley, year college faculty members employed in New Calif.; U.S. Office of Education; 1968-1969+. York in 1965-67 to: 1) provide description of An analysis of the major problems of faculty new faculty persons, 2) examine processes by governance as they occur at selected institutions, which they located vacancies and new positions, with particular attention to: 1) faculty response and 3) evaluate the informal procedures of occu- to changes, 2) formal and informal ways of pational entry. faculty participation in governance, 3) career patterns of academic administrators, and 4) KOEN, FRANK M. liaison between faculty and administrators in Michigan College Teacher Training Program university decision making. A pilot study "will provide a basis for identifying some of the major Center for Research on Learning and Teaching, faculty problems." The ensuing study will then University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich. 48104; seek comparative data on those problems identi- Institutional & Danforth Foundation; May fied in selected institutions. The researchers hope 1967April 1972. to make recommendations "forresponsible A research and development project including faculty participation in university gov- five departments in the college of Letters, Arts ernance .. ." and Science with 50 first level trainees, and 14 supervisors, gradually increasing to a total of McCONNELL, T. R., AND KENNETH P. 200, "to develop a coordinated multi-depart- MORTIMER mental plan for training college instructors, to FacultyParticipationinGovernanceatthe raise the status and image of the Teaching Assis- University of California, Berkeley tant. . .,to develop reliable procedures and Center for Research and Development in Higher instruments for evaluating the effectiveness of Education, University of California, Berkeley, teaching and of the departmental training pro- grams," and to provide a model for college Calif.; U.S. Office of Education; 1967-1968. teacher development "with very little additional A project to "provide an empirical basis for investment of time and effort on the part of identifying the major problems of faculty gov- either graduate students or faculty." ernance" with particular attention directed to the following: 1) faculty response to change, es- KOSYUNGAN, HERMINA C. pecially in times of crisis; 2) academic senates as structures for democratic faculty participation in Proposed Teacher Education Program for theuniversity governance; 3) the adjustments and Preparation of Community School Teachers in orientations which faculty make in order to par- ticipate in governance; 4) the career patterns Asian Institute for Teacher Educators, University whereby faculty move into administrative posi- of the Philippines,QuezonCity,Ph(lippines; tions; 5) the liaison between faculty and admin- Institutional; Completed 1967. istration where they share jurisdiction in a given policy area. Data will include information on 13 Based on a study of the regional public normal variables from a 10-year representative sample schools in the Philippines, the researcher "made of Berkeley faculty, data on "every faculty mem- on-the-spot visits... socommunity schools in ber member who served on an academic senate four provinces and tosixteacher education committee from 1957 to 1967," and interview institutions" in the Philippines, centering upon data from 90 senate members. the effectiveness of the community schools and the method and techniques used there. Organi- MURPHY, DAVID E. (Dissertation) zation of the small democratic communities (puroks) noted as necessary for effective opera- Attitudinal Factors and Faculty Perceptions of tion of the community school. Teachers serve as Involvement in Policy advisors for lay leadership in "reorienting the Michigan State University, East Lansing, Mich., work of existing rural schools by setting up 48823;Personal; November 1967June 15, community type schools to deal with problems 1968. of literacy, sanitation and health, communica- tion, food production, roads, and transporta- An exploratory comparison of the relation- tion, etc." ships between attitudinal factors which influence faculty morale and faculty perceptions of their involvement inpolicy formulation at public McCONNELL, T. R., AND KENNETH community collegesinMichigan, using two MORTIMER faculty survey forms (original) with a random Faculty Organization and Government at Selected sample of 600 community college faculty mem- Institutions bers from all the Michigan Community Colleges,

64 Faculty 1967-68. "To determine whether or not a rela- A conceptual, mathmatical model is simu- tionship exists between faculty involvement in lated on a large Digital Computer for studying the formulation of community college policy, the feedback of persons holding doctoral degrees and faculty morale." into the faculty of institutions of higher educa- tion. "Relates the ... productionand/or attri- PARSONS, TALCOTT, AND GERALD M. tion of degree holders to rates of production in PLATT previous years of lower level degree holders and to several behavioral and economic variables." The American Academic Profession Resulting postulates to be tested against avail- Sociology Department, Harvard University, Cam- able historical data. bridge, Mass. 02138; National Science Founda- tion; 1967-1969. TOLLE, DONALD J. A study of the academic profession that will Junior College Teacher Training include 116 colleges and universities, building Southern IllinoisUniversity,Carbondale,Ill.; upon a pilot study of 420 faculty members in six Institutional, Ford Foundation; liberal arts departments in each of eight institu- June 1970. tions which were rated (the eight schools) accord- ing to size,quality, and research orientation Cooperative 1-year and 3-year Master's degree using a "scale of institutional differentiation"programs for assisting in the development of teachers of academic and technical subjects for three high, three medium and two low,in dif-junior colleges, technical institutes, and other ferentiation of faculty and administrative func- kinds of post-secondary institutions; with pro- tions. Hypothesis: "The medium differentiated vision for supervised internship on one of the schools are undergoing the most rapid upgrading campuses of the Junior College District of St. and, as a result, are placing the least coordinated Louis-St. Louis County, Missouri. demands on faculty." Also, "institutional pres- tige is highly correlated with such factors as UKAI, NOBUSHIGE salary, lightness of teaching load, and...level of academic freedom." Questions to faculty Comparative Study of Academic Freedoms in the probed opinions on academic integrity, freedom U.S. and Japan andtenure,bureaucratization,departmental, East-West Center, Honolulu, Hawaii; December facultyandadministrativedecision-making, 1967March 1968. attitudes toward teaching and research, propor- tions of time given to various duties, and desires VAN, IMU THI 1,(IM for change. A Proposed Program for Community School Teachers in Viet Nam RAPAPORT, CHANAN University of thePhilippines,QuezonCity, Role Identification of Teachers and Termination Philippines; Completed 1967. of Their Teaching Careers "A detailed presentation of practices and National Institute for Research in the Behavioral trends of the Philippine Community School and Sciences, Bressler Center for Research in Educa- training of teachers for this type of school; pro- tion, Columbia Street, Kiryat-Menachem, Jerusa- poses a program for training community school lem, Israel; Institutional; 1967. teachers in Viet Nam... to take into considera- tion the special needs and objectives for the RAPAPORT, CHANAN development of education in the Republic of Viet Nam." In-Service Training of Teachers: Attitudes and Aspirations National Institute for Research in the Behavioral Sciences, Bressler Center for Research in Educa- 1966-1967 RESEARCH tion, Columbia Street, Kiryat-Menachem, Jerusa- lem, Israel; 1967. HAGSTROM, DAVID ALAN "College Image and Organizational Character: REISMAN, ARNOLD Differentiated Perceptions of Various Groups in a Junior College." Dissertation Abstracts A, Flow of Holders into College and 27(7), 2026-2027. University Microfilms, Inc., University Staffs Ann Arbor, Mich., 1967. Department of Operations Research, Case West- A study describingthe college image and ern Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106; organizational character of a particular junior U.S. Office of Education; September 1966 college, organizational character being defined January 1968. as the derived treatment of pooled perceptions

65 FacuIty-Instftutionall Interacfion of various publics. The College and University A study assessing the accuracy of two diver- Environmental Scales and two questionnaires gent views of the way faculty feel about aca- designed to record the various perceptions of demic freedom and self-government. Question- college image were selected and administered to naires were distributed to the faculty of a north- 610 participants comprised of faculty, members, easternAmericanstateuniversity,with56 college students, alumni, residents of the local percent of the 509 served returned. Two hy- community, high school counselors, and high potheses were tested: I) the faculty in different school seniors. The study found that although schools or colleges within an institution will have there were differences in the ways various groups dissimilar attitudes toward academic freedom perceived the college environment, it was clear and self-government and 2) the faculty in dif- that all the reporters were describing the same ferent disciplines within an institution will have place. New students were unable to anticipate dissimilar attitudes toward academic freedom the college environment. A singular public image and self-government. The findings supported the of the college did not exist. The students de- two hypotheses. Generally support of academic scribed the college as a place where the individ- freedom was strongest in schools of public ad- ual was important and where he received much ministration and arts and sciences; it was less in individualattention. Many students,faculty schools of education, medical sciences, and engi- members, and alumni perceived of the college as neering. Disciplines in support of academic free- having a special quality that distinguished it dom were behavioral and social sciences and from other institutions. Most of them singled humanities. The same pattern of response was out individual concern as the special quality. found in regard to self-government. However, the junior college was not considered different from other colleges, and its students were not considered different from those at other colleges and universities. YAMAMOTO, KAORU, AND 0. L. DAVIS, JR. HARGENS, LOWELL L., AND "Teachers in Preparation:Motivation, Idea- WARREN 0. HAGSTROM tional Fluency and Interprofessional Attitude." "Sponsored and Contest Mobility of American Journal of Teacher Education, (USA),1966, Academic ." Sociology of Education, 17(2), 205-209. Winter 1967, 40(1), 24-38. A study of a sample of 102 female students in An analysis of data for 576 natural scientists their junior year at Kent State University, 27 in currently faculty in U.S. graduate institutions, the secondary education program, 42 in elemen- showing that the prestige of the institution where tary education, and 33 in early childhood pro- a received his doctorate is related to the gram. The Personal-Social Motivation Inven- prestige of his present affiliation even if the tory, Minnesota Tests of Creative Thinking and effects of his productivity are controlled. The the Interprofessional Attitude Inventory were relative effects of prestige of doctoral institution used. The findings suggest that preparatory pro- and productivity vary between different levels of grams for different levels of schooling tend to the academic stratification system and between attract and/or retain teacher candidates with different stages in the scientific career. differentmotivationalcharacteristics.Seem- LEWIS, LIONEL S. ingly, the early childhood education program is represented by those students whose critical "Faculty Support of Academic Freedom and and power motivation are significantly lower Self-Government." Social Problems 1966, 13(4), than those of secondary or elementary education 450-461. students.

ACADEMIC SPECIALIZATIONSthe importanceof, also faculty ranks, and projects on departmental duties. Includes studieson teaching assistants.

CURRENT RESEARCH neering, using data from questionnaires from 1,600 students and 130 professors "to study the ALBORNOZ, ORLANDO whole complex of social relations ina given Profile of a Faculty faculty"... "the main idea is that faculties are Universidad de Carabobo, Valenica, Venezuela; units that reflect better than the university, the Institutional; November 1967November 1969. nature of university, the nature of university life." May have significance for recruitment and A descriptive case study of a faculty of engi- "development" of professors.

66 Faculty ALEXANDER, LAWRENCE T., AND universities "comparable in size and composition ROBERT H. DAVIS to the University of Rochester. Aims to ascertain A System Training Program for Graduate the "ways in which graduate students are cur- Teaching Assistants rently used in a number of departments,. .. evaluating the effects of their use on student Office of the Provost (Learning Service), Michigan learning, on student attitudes and beliefs, on the State University, East Lansing, Mich.; Springattitudes and beliefs of graduate students and 1968Summer 1970. faculty, and on the development of a campus An experimental program to develop and test intellectualclimate." Seeksto "demonstrate training procedures for graduate teaching as- that there are highly effective ways in which sistants. In the first year, three groups of GTA's, graduate students may be used to promote the one group per term, teaching discussion sections instructional process in a liberal arts college... in the social sciences, humanities, and mathe- associated with a strong graduate program." matics, will conduct regularly scheduled classes in an experimental classroom facility. DUBIN, ROBERT Each TA will have the opportunity to experi- ment with several instructional methods in order Growth of Academic Departments to develop and improve an individually com- University of Oregon, Eugene, Oreg. 97403; fortable and efficient style of teaching. The TA's Center for the Advanced Study orEducational will work as a group with various methods of pro- Administration; Completion dateAugust 1968. viding and utilizing performance feedback, or knowledge of results, including video tape re- An analysis of staff growth rates for all colleges cordings, classroom interaction analysis sum- and universities in the Oregon system of higher maries, measures of students' perceived learning, education. "For the two universities the study and measures of the ability to predict student has begun to isolate characteristic growth pat- learning and attitudes. Plans include use of dis- terns that distinguish special types of depart- cussion sections limited to 25 students, allowance ments. Focus is on the preference schedules for of 14 time to 10 hours per week to each teaching utility functions by which educational adminis- assistant, recruitment of TA on volunteer basis, trators make resource allocation decisions in and lectures on instructional system design, higher education." See "Costing Students in application of basic learning principles, and HigherEducation: A Case Study";"The group interaction processes. The second year Theory of the Educational Firm"(Siegal). phase will include systematic evaluation of the final training program. DUBIN, ROBERT

CHASE, JOHN L. Growth of Non-Standard Academic Units (The Bureau, The Institute, etc.) The Graduate Teaching Assistant in U.S. Universities University of Oregon, Eugene, Oreg. 97403; Center for the Advanced Study of Educational Planning, Evaluation and Reports Staff, Bureau Administration; August 1968. of Higher Education, U.S. Office of Education, Washington, D.C. 20202; U.S. Office of Educa- Along with a study on the growth of academic tion; September 1967September 1968. departments, this research seeks "to discover systematicrelationshipsbetween changesin "A survey of published material on the 'TA' organizational function and changes in the form system in institutions of higher education... to of the organization itself." describe what is known about the system, to analyze benefits and drawbacks, and to state what needs to be done to improve the system." DUBIN, ROBERT Uses U.S. Office of Education statistical data and Sample Survey of Graduate Assistants "a few institutional studies." University of Oregon, Eugene, Oreg. 97403; CLARK, KENNETH E. Center for the Advanced Study of Educational Administration; Completion dateAugust 1968. Effective Use of Graduate Students in Undergraduate Instruction A nationwide sample of approximately 1,300 University of Rochester, Rochester, N.Y.; ESSO respondents has been coded and transferred to Foundation; February 1965March 1968. computer tape, leading toward a report on the sources and characteristics of professional and A multiphase study by means of question- nonprofessional staff in higher educational insti- naires and interviews involving 2,000 under- tutions. (Reference Preliminary Report: "The graduates, 300 graduate students, and 20 depart- Assistant: Academic Subaltern"inthe Ad- ment chairmen offering graduate study in 20 ministrative Science Quarterly.)

67AcademieSpecializations FIDLER, PAUL P. A descriptive and analytic comparison of uni- The Graduate Assistantship: Practices, versity entrance requirements in the main aca- demic disciplines, including mathematics, phys- Perceptions, and Proposals ... ics, Latin,modernlanguages,economics, Florida Board of Regents, University System of biology and chemistry, using data from govern- Florida,Tallahassee,Fla.;State of Florida, ment publications, questionnaires of professors Board of Regents; September 1966May 1968. in selected disciplines, and group consultations A descriptive field study of 2,005 graduate with experts from the member states of the assistants at four public Florida universities with Council of Europe, in order 1) "to make it possible questionnaire data also from "all departmental toachievemutualrecognitionof standards for univerity entrance by participating chairmen employing graduate assistants ...to countries," 2) to disseminate information and determine the extent and nature of current prac- stimulate international tices relating to the employment and evaluation discussion about syl- of graduate assistants" in Florida University labuses and aims of certain disciplines, and System. Two locally developed questionnaires. 3) "to devise tests enabling an assessment of the May offer guidelines for more effective use of results obtained in course teaching." An obvious graduate assistant's and budget and curriculum aim of the study is toward "rapprochement" in planning. Builds on previous study of the teach- European higher education. ing assistant and undergraduate instruction. MARCH, R. R., AND R. J. JACKSON FIEDLER, FRED, EPPERSON, D., AND Aspects of the State of Political Science in Canada R. WALLHAUS CarletonUniversity, Ottawa, Canada; Institu- Organization of University Departments tional; 1965-1966. A descriptive comparison of 77 teachers of Administration Data Processing, - Management political science in Canadian institutions, by Operations DMshyn, UniversityofIllinois, means of questionnaires, "to determine some of Urbana, Ill. 61801; Institutional; Fall 1967 the attitudes of political science professors to Summer 1968. issues within the discipline, and to examine their A field survey of 900 academic staff members . . . source of degrees." Replicates most of in 40 departments in the University of Illinois Tannenhaus study of American political science using central administration data and staff survey professors. form as well as "staff activities data through data processing," toward an "understanding of O'BANION, TERRY, AND JOSEPH the effects of the organization." May help deter- FORDYCE mine factors significant in academic department Survey of Academic Advisory Program in effectiveness. Does not include measure of Junior Colleges students. University of Illinois, Urbana, Ill. 61801; Ameri- GIANINI, PAUL C., JR. (Dissertation) can Association of Junior Colleges; 1968. Professional Competencies of Teachers of A survey of academic advisory programs in all Technical Education junior colleges listed in the American Association of Junior Colleges directory, by means of ques- Department of Education Administration,Uni- tionnaires, to provide models of academic ad- versity of Florida, Gainesville, Fla.; Personal; vising programs for new junior colleges. March 1968. A descriptive study of the "entire population SCALES, ELDRIDGE E. of Florida's technical education teachers" (106), Academic Preparation of Faculty in Higher by means of questionnaires and sociometric Education Institutions of the South ratings to "determine whether professional com- Southern Association of Colleges and Schools, petencies of teachers of technical education... are a function of a number of educational back- 795 Peachtree Street, N.E., Atlanta, Ga. 30308; ground variables." Southern Association of Colleges and Schools; September 1967June 1968. HALLS, W. D. A comparative study by means of a survey Levels of Achievement Required for University of 8,000 faculty members at 127 two-year colleges Entrance in Member Countries, Council of Europe with 28,000 faculty members at 286 four-year colleges. "It is developing into a most compre- Departnrent of Education, University of Oxford, hensive view of the faculty in accredited institu- Oxford, England; Council of Europe & Gul- tions of the Southundergraduate and graduate benkian Foundation; -1971. degrees, teaching experience, prior employment,

68Faculty it

use of graduate assistants, assignment and status, 1966-1967 RESEARCH andgeographicalpatternsofpreparatory migration." PROCTOR, SAMUEL D. SHIMBORI, MICHIYA "A General Education Curriculum Revision International Comparison of Career and ProjectA Two Year Program of Curriculum Personnel Administration of College Professors DevelopmentwithSelectedPredominately Department of Sociology of Education, Hiro- Negro Colleges." Research in Education, No- shimaUniversity,Hiroshima,Japan;Japan vember 1967, (11) 5. Ministry of Education; August 1966October A study, completed in July 1968, of the extent 1968. to which newly developed and relevant curricu- Descriptive comparison of "the relationship lum materials, together with innovative peda- between career and education, and the system of gogical techniques can overcome the deficiencies recruitment and promotion of professors in the of a group of students in predominately Negro main countries" (excluding Communist zone) colleges. These materials were developed by se- by means of questionnaires from 773 universities lected faculty of the participating colleges and around the world. An "effective procedure of the curriculum resources group of the institute training and supply of university teachers" is for services to education during the summer of suggested by this project. 1967.

PROFESSIONAL ROLESfaculty as teachers, researchers, and professional persons.

CURRENT RESEARCH three years," plus interviews with 150 superior seniors graduating in 1968 from the University ARMSTRONG, ROSS of Queensland, plus interviews with "a selected sample of department heads (25)." Aims to Faculty Time Allocation Study "examine the interaction of psychological and Institutional Research, University of Minnesota, sociological factors associated with choosing an Minneapolis, Minn.; Institutional; Fall 1967 academic career within universities. The weight Summer 1968. of the study will be on theoretical issues related to decision-making behavior, but itisantici- A quarterly accounting of the use of time of pated that the findings would also have im- faculty members in the College of Veterinary portantimplicationsinthe morepractical Medicine, for one week each quarter. Uses a matter of universityrecruitment." Question- daily time log in 15 minute blocks, to record naires are quite extensive and well differentiated. time spent on research, travel, editing, writing, continuing education,classes and classroom preparation, diagnostic lab, etc. from 6 a.m. to BUASRI, SAROJ 12 p.m. Requested by the faculty itself. Final To Explore, Compare and Synthesize the General tabulation will include a composite of "student Western and Eastern Approaches to Teaching contact hours" differentiated for undergraduate and graduate students. Self-report by faculty TheEast-WestCenter,Honolulu,Hawaii; members. January 1968May 1968. A comparative study of the democratic and BROWNE, R. K. the Buddhist bases of education which includes: Determinants of Recruitment to the Academic 1) "Presenting Buddhist principles inunder- Profession: Socio-Educational standable terms," and presented by means of University of New England, Armidale, 2351, New problem-solving methods; 2) "Formulating a South Wales, Australia; Institutional; February normative philosophy of education as an off- 1967July 1969. shoot of the principles described in number one." The researcher findsthat the theory which A descriptive survey of "the career patterns of derives from Buddhist principles, "The Four members of the academic staff at the University Noble Truths," "compares and measures up very of Melbourne (800) and theUniversityof favorably with the modern democratic philos- Queensland (600) by questionnaires, plus inter- ophy of education that is in operation in the views with 200 academic staff people appointed Western world, especially the United States of to the University of Queensland during the past today." The researcher also 3) draws a compari-

69 Professional Roles

!i son between the teaching steps inherent in The COPP, LAUREL A. (Dissertation) Four Noble Truths of Buddhist philosophy and those of the problem-solving methods. This A Repertoire of Perceptions of the Role study will comprise Chapter IV of a book in of the Professor English, "A Philosophy of Education: the Con- Department of Higher Education, University of fluence of Buddhism and Democracy." Pittsburgh,Pittsburgh,Pa.; Personal; Spring 1966August 1967 (Phase I). CALDWELL, EDWARD A unique effort by means of "projective A Study of Faculty Incentives and Attitudes cartoons" to explore the role theory with regard to the higher education professor, with responses Office of Evaluation Services, University of South to several instruments by 1,000 personsladder Florida, Tampa, Fla. 33620; Institutional; 1968. faculty, beginning college teachers, college fresh- A descriptive survey of the faculty at the Uni- men and seniors,and parents of students. versity of South Florida, using the Academic Instruments include personal data inventory, role Staff Questionnaire (D. P. Theophilus, Univer- word check list, AVL Scale, and Copp's pro- sity of Michigan, 1967 dissertation) submitted to fessorial role projective cartoons (instrument all members of the teaching and research faculty copy on file). Further studies of other roles and all faculty administrators with one section underway. submitted only to faculty administrators. Two hundred ninety-four out of 500 were returned DRIESSEL, A. BERKLEY (60 70), with good correspondence to proportions according to rank, sex, and academic unit. Four Recent Developments in the Concept and sections of the instrument include: 1) "condi- Practice of Academic Freedom tions of academic service, 2) nature of academic Department of Speech and Drama, Stanford Uni- service, 3) improvements desired, 4) biographi- versity,Stanford,Calif.94305; June 1967 cal." The section foradministratorssolicits June 1968. information about "1) what incentives are im- A descriptiveandinterpretivestudy,by portant, 2) the extent to which incentives are means of documentary analysis and rhetorical present and satisfying, 3) variations of these analysis, concerning "new contexts of academic perceptions among colleges and academic ranks, freedom . . . as a characteristic and unique and 4) differences between administrators and faculty on selected topics." Comparisons in- dimension of the academy as opposed to other educational institutions." cluded between University of South Florida and University of Michigan "on each sub-scale." DUBIN, ROBERT COLVARD, RICHARD (Sponsor), AND Analysis of Published Studies Comparing Lecture ANDRE BENNETT (Dissertation) and Discussion Methods of College Teaching Private Foundation Trustees and Their Academic University of Oregon, Eugene,Oreg. 97403; Professional Affiliations Center for the Advanced Study of Educational Department of Sociology, State University of New Administration; Completion dateAugust 1968. York, Buffalo, N.Y.; Institutional and Personal; Using the data from the studies made over a 1967January 1969. period of five decades (69 independent compari- A study comparing original data by researcher sons of the two teaching methods and a total of on 12 foundations and their trustees with pub- 191 comparisons and contrasts) this study will lished data (by H. P. Beck) on 30 major uni- next develop a computer program for handling a versities,in light of "three general questions comparable body of data from which comparison regarding foundation trustees who control our may be made with other teaching methods. major foundations:1) Who are these men? 2) What do they do? and 3) What is their impact ECKERT, RUTH (Sponsor), AND HAZEL on American higher education?" Includes those M. JOHNSON (Dissertation) foundations having marketable assets of $100 million or more as of 1965 Perceptions of Teaching Responsibilities in Baccalaureate Nursing Programs COLVARD, RICHARD (Sponsor), AND University of Minnesota,Minneapolis,Minn. JUDY E. EWING (Dissertation) 55455; Personal; March 1968December 1968. Peaks and Valleys in Scientific Careers: A Socio- A. descriptive survey of 714 persons involved logical Analysis of Physical and Natural Scientists in nursing instruction in Minnesota (306 begin- in U.S. Universities ninginstructors,233 experienced instructors Department of Sociology, State University of New plus deans, directors, and other administrators) York, Buffalo, N.Y.; 1967-1969. by means of a Q-sort, using 60 job-related tasks

70Faculty and biographical questionnaires, "to determine FRIEDMAN, NORMAN L. how beginning instructors perceive both the rela- tive importance and difficulty of their present The Sociology of the Jewish Academic Man job responsibilities and to test certain hypothe-California State College, Los Angeles,Calif. sized relationships between 1) beginning instruc- 90032; Institutional; September 1967Summer tors' views and those of experienced colleagues 1969. and administrators and 2) the degree of con- A comparative case study, by means of long gruence revealed in these different sets of im- semistructured interviews with 43 professors of pressions and the expressed job satisfaction of English and physics in Boston area institutions, faculty members... Should contribute to orien- to explore and analyze "popular and sociological tation and in-service education programs, and to ideas related to the ethnic orientation. . . of greater staff retention and job satisfaction." Jewish-born academicians in higher education," and describe similarities and differences across ECKERT, RUTH (Sponsor), AND academic discipline lines. CHARLES W. KING (Dissertation) Factors Related to Faculty Service in GRAYBEAL, WILLIAM S. Church Colleges Teacher Supply and Demand in Higher Education, Higher EducationDepartment,University of 1966-1967 Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minn. 55455; Personal; Research Division, National Education Associa- March 1968September 1968. tion, 1201 Sixteenth Street, N.W., Washington, A study of the faculties in six liberal arts D.C. 20036; National Education Association; colleges and seven Bible colleges (four-year, re- September 1966August 1968. gionally accredited) associated with the "cen- A comprehensive and descriptive survey con- trist"and "rightist"Churches of Christ cerning all teaching faculty in higher education Christian churches, by means of questionnaire in the U.S. (U.S. Office of Education Directory, and the Colleges Characteristics Index, polling Part III) divided into four-year and two-year in- only the 625 faculty members who are full-time, stitutions, "to estimate the status of faculty sup- to provide information of value in faculty recruit- ply and demand in major subject groupings in ment and retention for these colleges and similar higher education, 1966-67." institutions. The study will investigate relation- ships between faculty recruitment and satis- factions in church colleges by providing data on: HAMBLIN, ROBERT H. 1) type of institution, 2) preparation of faculty, Collective Values and Conflicts Among 3) nature of present position, 4) personal, eco- College Professors nomic, and religious background, and 5)a standardized evaluation of college environment. Social Science Center,Washington University, Data will also be used to test the Burton Clark St. Louis. Mo.; U.S. Office of Education; 1966. theory of faculty subcultures (teacher, demon- "This investigation will study the status sys- strator, scholar, consultant). tems which are present in a group of university professors. Eleven achievements, abilities, and FARRIS, THEODORE N. personality traits of each professor will be rated by four sets of evaluations-1) graduate students, The Academic Marketplace Revisited, Faculty 2) other professors in their departments, 3) uni- Mobility in Publicly Supported Two-Year Colleges versity administration, and 4) outside professors in Greater New York Metropolitan Fund in the same field. On the basis of the ratings the School of General Studies, Columbia University, importance of each of the 11 achievements and New York, N.Y. 10027; Personal; characteristics studied will be determined. Status Jaluary 1968. systems and values when clarified can be used in examining the usefulness of the status system." A sociological replication study modelled on The Academic Marketplaceusing 123inter- views with department chairmen, colleagues, and HANSEN, B. L., AND S. SANDLER deans of former faculty members of "two-year Study of Faculty Activities at the colleges in New York area," to 1) document the University of Toronto actual workings of the marketplace in the New York area for a two-year period, 2) determine Office of Institutional Research,University of the amount and kind of mobility and the reasons Toronto, Toronto 5, Ontario; Institutional; Fall for it, of full-time faculty in junior colleges in 1966-1967. the New York area, 3) use the interview schedule A study of faculty activities to serve as the of Caplow & McGee for study of junior college data base for subsequent decisions about pro- faculty." fessorial work loads. It will be updated periodic-

71 Professional Roles ally. A questionnaire survey (60 % R) has six experience in industry; where and how . . . sections: 1) instructions and purpose, 2) appoint- recruited for service in institutions; academic ments, 3) hours per week devoted to instruction rank now held; salary level; criteria for retaining, of any kind, 4) hours per week on graduate promoting . . . or terminating; numbers of supervision, 5) hours in assisted and university instructors employed; projected needs for next research, graduate seminars, and study, 6) hours five years ..." Population is approximately 750 on administrative, advising, student services, institutions, in which "roughly 50 % of the stu- professional groups, and "unremunerated public dents enrolled ... are majoring in what purports service" activities. Broken down by rank and to be occupational preparation of an advanced years on facuity (University of Toronto). stage of complexity .. ." Hypothesis is that these institutions generally are promising a level of HANSEN, B. L., AND S. SANDLER technical education which, because of the dyna- tnics of faculty recruitment in these disciplines, Decision Information Sub-System: Departmental Decisions they cannot fulfill. Data to be gathered both by questionnaire and interview. Office of Institutional Research,University of Toronto,Toronto5, Ontario;Institutional; LEVY, CHARLES J. 1968. Process of Integrating White Faculty Members A project to provide "a continuous record of into a Predominantly Negro College the most recent actual and planned decisions of departmental chairmen is to be established. This Graduate School, Tuskegee Institute, Tuskegee, would include decisions on such matters as class Ala. 36088; U.S. Office of Education; 1966. size, and administrative support staff for facul- A three-stage inquiry and training program ty." Part of the larger system is being estab- combined, to culminate in interviews and anal- lished by the University of Toronto for inte- yses by student assistants with white and Negro grated administrative information and decisions faculty members at Tuskegee, on the basis of system. hypotheses to be formed during the project. Two sets of independent variables will be focused JAY, W. BYRON upon to determine factors of nonacceptance of Professorial and Administrative Attitudes toward white faculty members by lower division students the Professors' Work Environment... and of acceptance by upper division students. Phase 1: Intensive field methods course for stu- Institute of Higher Education,University ofdent assistants. Phase 2: Participant observation Georgia; Personal; September 1967June 1968. by student assistants and formation of hypoth- An exploratory field study, at eight four-year eses. Phase 3: Preparation and administering of colleges in the Southeastern U.S., of 500 faculty a questionnaire-interview. and 100 administrators, using an adaptation of "Academic Staff Questionnaire," to see "whether McGEE, REECE professors and academic administrators share the same attitudes toward the incentive system Career Decision Study in the professors' environment including their Sociology Department, Purdue University, La- attitudes toward criteria used in evaluating pro- fayette, Ind. 47907; Hill Foundation; September fessors for promotion in rank and salary in- 1966September 1968. creases. Explores faculty-administrationrela- An exploratory field study of "the labor tionships." market for faculty of private liberal arts col- leges," using interviews with regular faculty mem- KINKER, H. R. bers in the three professorial ranks of 11 of the Characteristics of Instructors in Technical "best midwestern private liberal arts colleges," Institutes, Junior Colleges totaling 130 interviews and 700 faculty members surveyed by questionnaire. "Objectives :1) to Higher EducationDepartment, IndianaUni- explore the liberal arts college as a segment of the versity,Bloomington,Ind.; . academic social system, 2) to examine the aca- demic labor market of the liberal arts college A proposed random sampling of chief ad- from the prospective of the job-candidate." ministrative officers and technical instructors at Will..."derive information describing the types 80 two-year institutions (technical) representative of individuals who become teachers in liberal of all such two-year institutions in the U.S., toartscolleges,define factors which motivate build an information base concerning "the aca- faculty members to retain specific positions in demic and occupational preparation of theseliberal arts colleges, determine the extent to instructors; the kinds of certificates, diplomas, which acceptance or rejection of opportunities or degrees they hold; length of occupational ... may be predicted."

72Faculty MEYER, ROY, AND DON BEGGS REDEFER, FREDERICK L. Changing Teachers' Expectations Faculty Morale Status in the NYU School of Education SouthernIllinoisUniversity,Carbondale,Ill. 62901; Institutional; 1967-1968. Committee on Faculty Welfare, New York Uni- versity, New York, N.Y. 10003; Institutional; Research project to 1) select or develop an Spring 1967. achievement criteria instrument and a scale to measure teachers' perceptions of their students' Poll of 301 faculty members, New York Uni- academic abilitiesand 2) modify Amidon's versity School of Education, opinions on hypoth- Verbal Interaction Category System ,'VICS) so esis "that the extent of positive responses .. . to a that it can be used for individual student-teacher series of statements about policies and practices interaction analysis, as well as for identifying in the school reflected morale within the faculty." "classroom type"andstudyingclassroom- Defines morale as "the degree to which members teach er interaction. (faculty) willingly and freely expend their skills and abilities to achieve known and accepted MORRISON, JAMES L. (Dissertation) objectives." Statements on aims and programs, administration, policies regarding faculty, facul- The Relationship of Socialization Experience, Role ty-faculty relations, faculty-student relations, re- Orientation, and Acceptance of the Comprehensive Community Junior College Concept by Junior search and teaching, freedom, facilities, commu- nications are rated on scale of strongly agree, College Faculty agree, disagree, strongly disagree. Included are Center for Study of Education, Institute for Social 94 items, "morale tendency scale" some com- Research, Florida State University, Tallahassee, parative data from Fordham. Redefer has done Fla. 32306; Institutional; January 1968Octo- similar studies of other faculties. ber 1968. An exploratory survey of the total teaching ROARK, WILLIAM F. (Dissertation) faculty of nine Florida junior college campuses Career Orientations and Rewarded Activity as by questionnaire (original) to explore 1) variation Perceived by Selected Junior College Teachers in the degree to which public junior college faculty accept the philosophy and purposes of University of Georgia, Athens, Ga. 30602; Per- the comprehensive community junior college, sonal; January 1966April 1968. 2) variation in role orientation vis-a-vis students An exploratory field study using question- and 3) the assumption that faculty who arenaires from 283 faculty members in 11 junior student-oriented will also accept the community colleges in Southeastern U.S. Seeks to classify junior college concept. the role perceptions of junior college teachers as "oriented toward the institution, research, disci- PHAY, JOHN E. (Sponsor), AND pline, teaching or a combination of these." Also KERMIT MILLER (Dissertation) describes several contrasting pairs of attitudes Bases for Equalizing Faculty Loads in toward the work environment by the junior Higher Education Institutions college teachers and their relationship to career Institutional Research, University of Mississippi, style and rewards, plus other socio-economic University, Miss. 38677; Institutional; Comple- variables. tion dateJune 1968. A study to 1) divide faculty work load into ROBINSON, GLEN, AND WILLIAM S. component parts, 2) ascertain present and past GRAYBEAL faculty load assignment procedures, and 3) de- Status and Opinions of the Teaching Faculty in velop a rationale for measuring faculty work Higher Education load. Faculty work load was broken into 25 distinct components likely to be considered a Research Division, National Education Associa- tion, 1201 Sixteenth Street, N.W., Washington, part of faculty work load by different institutions. A rationale was developed for measuring assign- D.C. 20036;National Education Association; ments of each of the 25 components, three fac- Fall 1964Fall 1968. tors from each component. These factors are A questionnaire survey of a national sample 1) ability required, 2) responsibility incumbent on of 3,100 faculty persons, selected from a sample the faculty member, and 3) the time normally of institutions "within several classifications of required to complete the task or tasks. The institutions," to "identify the personal and pro- responsibility and ability factors are combinedfessional status of the teaching faculty in higher to obtain a mean which is called the X measure. education, review the opinions of the teaching The product of the X measure with the third faculty about selected issues, and to establish a factor of time called the time measure gives a two-stage sampling procedure which may be used number of points per component per week. toefficientlysurvey the teaching facultyin

73Professional Roles higher education." A preliminary report appears An assessment of the opinions of randomly in the National Education Association Research selectedcommunitycollegeadministrators, Bulletin, . teachers, and students (300 at 100 junior col- leges) "to determine the needs and to establish ROSE, GERALD L. a program for the training of teachers for com- munity colleges at the University of Wyoming." Differential Returns to Human Capital in Original questionnaire used. Professional Labor Markets Business Administration, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52240; National Science Foundation; 1966-1967 RESEARCH Completion date-1968. An exploratory analysis of institutional data GENTRY, E. LINNELL on 3,000 faculty members at the state university "AnAnalysisof to "examine the utility of long-run analysis of Secondary-SchoolSocial Studies Methods Courses in Tennessee Colleges interprofessional compensation differentials... and Universities." to discover the past pattern of long-run eco- DissertationAbstractsA, 27(5),1280. University Microfilms, Inc., Ann nomic incentives to pursue particular fields and Arbor, Mich., 1966. examine their impact on the allocation of aca- demic professionals, to explore the consequences An analysis of the secondary school social of the conflict between organizational pressures studies methods courses in Tennessee colleges towards uniformity in compensation and eco- and universities. The methods and procedures nomic pressures toward inter-professional dif- included an exploration of the literature in social ferentials." studies education, and faculty and student ques- tionnaires based on criteria found in 12 books SHEFFIELD, EDWARD F. published after 1951, which were written for possible use as secondary-school social studies Characteristics of Effective University Teaching text books. The results of an analysis of inter- Higher Education (Innis College), University of view, correspondence, telephone, and faculty and Toronto, Toronto 5, Ontario, Canada; Institu- student questionnaire data indicated that the tional; 1968. majority of the 25 instructors who taught the courses possessed competence in education, and Exploratory case study, using questionnaires that social science or social science discipline was and interviews with "recent graduates of about the major or minor for 88 percent and 84 percent 20 universities in Canada and an approximately of the baccalaureate and master's degrees, re- equal number of university teachers identified spectively. It was also found that 76 percent of by the graduates as 'excellent,' " toward the the instructors had taught in secondary schools identification of salient characteristics of effective and 60 percent had taught secondary school university teaching in Canada. social studies. The 25 instructors met profes- sional education and social studies requirements SHERRELL, RICHARD E. for teaching social studies in secondary schools. New Roles for Academic Man HARGENS, LOWELL L., AND Department of Higher Education, National Coun- WARREN 0. HAGSTROM cil of Churches, 475 Riverside Drive, New York, N. Y.; 1968-1970. "Sponsored and Contest Mobility of American Academic Scientists." Sociology of Education, "Commission VI," Phase I, will explore "dis- Winter 1967, 40(1), 24-38. parity between the way academic man tends to see himself, the way his image is presented in An analysis of data for 576 natural scientists society, and the ways in which he actually func- currently faculty in U.S. graduate institutions. tions professionally. Phase II will project pos- It is shown that the prestige of the institution sible new roles for academic man, set up experi- where a scientist received his doctorate is related ments within colleges and universities where they to the prestige of his .present affiliation even if can be tested, and try to clarify the value and the effects of his productivity are controlled. The award systems.. ." relative effects of prestige of doctoral institution and productivity vary between different levels of WARD, GORDON A. (Dissertation) the academic stratification system and between different stages in the scientific career. Community College Teacher Preparation Needs Department of Adult and Higher Education, PATTERSON, LAURA MARGUERITE University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyo. 82070; "Preferences in Administrative Styles Based on Personal; January 1968Fall 1968. an Inquiry into Perceptions of the Ideal Struc-

74Faculty S.

ture of the University Department and the Ideal SCHUFLETOWSKI, FRANK WALTER Role of the Department Chairman." Disserta- "The Development of the College Professor's tion Abstracts A, 27, 304 pp. University Micro- Image in the United States from 1946-1964." films, Inc., Ann Arbor, Mich., 1966. Dissertation Abstracts A, 27(2), 376. University Microfilms, Inc., Ann Arbor, Mich., 1966, This study involved an interview of 338 pro- A study to determine the changing public and fessors in 90 departments at 10 universities. professional periodicals. Usable data were sepa- The facts reveal that faculty members regard the rated into two categories of characteristics: those ideal departmental chairman as a facilitator ofpositive and those negative to the professor's their own self-determined goals, as an informa- image. Fifteen professors at Washington State tion handler, and as scheduler of time and space. University, selected at random, were interviewed Faculty members generally agree that the pri- to determine the current image of the professor mary aims of the large state university are: 1) to as conceived by the profession itself. The findings develop and disseminate knowledge, 2) educate indicated that positive characteristics consistently undergraduate students, 3) educate graduate stu- appearing described the professor as a scholar- dents, 4) research to expand knowledge. Most thinker who had a satisfying life and held higher respondents want the department faculty as aresponsibilities than the common man. He was whole to take part in long-range planning, cur- pictured as being in demand by others, indi- riculumimprovement,settingcourseprere- vidualistic, and dedicated or devoted. The most quisites,encouraging competent studentsto negative characteristic concerned the professor's pursue advanced study, and choosing their future deplorable economic straits. He was accused for colleagues.Hierarchical units were highly pre- lack of skill or enthusiasm inteaching. His ferred in accounting, management, and chemical failure to take direct action and his inclinations engineering. Chemistry and English professors to be odd were also noted. Between 1961 and emphasized department committees, while En- 1964 the economic status of the professor im- glish and Romance language professors favored proved. The study concluded that the current the oligarchy. Many respondents nrc:Hcled a image of the professor as revealed in the state- greater tendency toward centrqEz.ation in deci- ments of the interviewees and the present image sion making in the large sinte university. appearing in the literature were quite similar.

75 Professional Roles Chapter m ADMINISTRATORS

GOALS, RELATIONSHIPS, SERVICES, RESPONSIBILITIES includes studies on institutional policy boards, trustees, and the distribution of authority.

CURRENT RESEARCH COORDINATING COUNCIL FOR HIGHER EDUCATION ALLEN, J. STEWART Delineating the Functions of the Board of Application of Scientific Management Practics to Governors and Local Trustees Academic Administration California Coordinating Council for Higher Edu- Association of Texas Colleges and Universities, cation,Sacramento,Calif.;California Coor- Austin, Tex.; Coordinating Board of Texas Col- dinating Council for Higher Education; Decem- leges and Universities; June 1967July 1968. ber 1967December 1968. A program to provide training experience Building on Leland Medsker's study of alter- for new and prospective academic administra- nate plans of governance, this study is an attempt tors, and make possible an extensive compilation to delineate the functions of the board of of data on principles, techniques, practices, and governors (California) community colleges and concepts of academic administration in higher those of the trustees of the several local (com- education.Threephasesinclude:extensive munity) institutions. "Shelf Research" of data on current manage- ment incolleges and universities, two week COSBY, BETTY (Sponsor), AND MARY seminars for new and prospective academic ad- EVELYN DEWEY (Dissertation) ministrators (Summer Seminar on Academic An Investigation of Holism in Student AdministrationTexas A & M and Trinity Uni- Personnel Work versity), and summary of significant findings from both the shelf and action research phases. School of Education, 200 Slocum Hall, Syracuse University, Syracuse, N.Y. 13210; Institutional; 1963-1967. ATKINSON, RALPH C., JR. (Dissertation) A study with special emphasis on the "de- Relationship of Functional Activites of pression year 1931-1932." Coordination to Presidential Satisfactions Center for the Study of Higher Education, Uni- CULBERTSON, JACK A. versity of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich. 48104; The Development of Concepts BasictoRe- Institutional & Personal; January 1968No- structuring of Preparatory Programs for vember 1968. Educational Administrators An attempt to provide "a conceptual frame- University Council for Educational Administra- work from current studies in the social psy-tion; U.S. Office of Education; February1, chology of complex organizations ... for under- 1968November 30, 1968. standing one aspect of state coordination," namely, the attitudes of presidents of higher A project to develop a set of concepts (con- education institutions toward the functions ofceptual guides) "for use in evaluating, updating, state coordinating boards. This study derives and restructuring programs for preparing educa- data from a local questionnaire sent to the tional administrators. The investigator will devise presidents of 238 state-supported four-year col- concepts which will view preparatory programs leges and universities in the 22 states having as a totality and will give explicit attention to governing or coordinating boards of higher edu- differentiated preparation for researchers and cation,inadditionto"functional inventory administratorsineducational administration. questionnaires" from the 22 boards. In the initial phase of the project, selected litera-

76Administrators It

ture will be reviewed, and chosen experts will board operations; opinions and estimates of be asked to set forth their views about the impli- authority and responsibility, academic free tom, cations of given conditions and trends for re- policy making and administration. Uses instru- structuring preparatory programs for educa- ment of 160 computer items plus spaces for tional administrators. Using the data obtained additional comments. Broken down into five from the literature and from the experts, an public-private categories, and comparisons with initial synthesis of the concepts will then be criteria of excellence in each. Five dissertations provided by the same experts who provided data will describe and appraise policy making by type in the initial phase, and this will be followed by of institution. a final revision." FRANKIE, RICHARD J., AND DRESSEL, PAUL L. S. A. HYATT The Structure, Functions, Role and Profile of Organizational Characteristics in Administration of the Department Higher Education Office of Institutional Research, Michigan State Ohio StateUniversity and Western Carolina University, East Lansing, Mich. 48823;Esso University,Ohio StateUniversity,Columbus, Foundation; December 1967December 1969. Ohio 43210;Institutional; 1967. A descriptive study, by means of scheduled First stage of a research series, 1) "to deter- interviews and survey forms, to determine the mine if the most successful deaartments found in structure, functions, roles, and administrative highereducationalinstitutionsareapplying practices of perhaps 100 departments and other classical organizational procedures or are using units in 10 selected universities. Certain "basic the newer science-based systems of management, disciplines will be studied in every institution... and 2) to determine the measures of leadership tentatively English, history, chemistry, mathe- qualities." Pretest study at Western Carolina matics, psychology. . . selected colleges of University (Hyatt is Director of Institutional business, engineering ...in several institutes in Research) includes: 1) use of Leadership Charac- centers." "Each investigator will spend three or teristicsQuestionnairewithadministrators, four days on each of two campuses interviewing 2) use of Profile of Organizational Character- administrators and departmental personnel ..." isticsQuestionnaire withentirefaculty,in- In addition to survey forms filled out by presi- cludingadministrators, and 3)analysis and dents, deans, and department chairmen, a one- comparison of the two. Hypotheses are derived third sample of department staff basic data on with regard to "successful departments." each department will describe size and character of staff, budget, student load, faculty load, per- GROSS, EDWARD, AND PAUL V. sonnel policy (formal statement), and situation GRAMBSCH of department relative to total institution. Will avoid graduate professional programs. Takes Study of Careers of Academic Administrators special note of: various missions of each unit; Center for Academic Adndnistrative Research, career development of "the individuals in the University of Washington, Seattle, Wash. 98105; unit"; public service; "morale, social, recrea- Institutional; Fall 1968June 1969. tional and personal needs of the staff." Will take Growing out of the questionnaire survey, note of tensions resulting from differences in "AcademicAdministratorsandUniversity expectations of the department. Goals," this analysis of the background, socio- economic status, origins, and characteristics of EBERLE, AUGUST W. university administrators, examines them as an (Department Chairman, and five doctoral stu- elite, a distinct occupational-professional group, dents: Mary A. MoroniCatholic; Raymond R. as academic persons, and as individuals. Notes Hornbackstate; E.William Malechurch degree of mobility and directions (for example, related non-Catholic; Lawrence J. Miltenberger little mobility from state to private institutions, private; James J. Murphylocal) more from private to state institutions). Attempts Policy Boards and Policy Making in Institutions to identify several "systems" of institutions with of Higher Learning in the U.S. regard to the movements of administrators; ex- aminescertainadministrativepositions(for Department of Higher Education, Indiana Uni- example, deanship) as a "staging depot"an versity, Bloomington, Ind. 47405;Institutional & important jumping-off place toward retirement. Individual; Decembw 1967September 1968. Data being gathered from all higher education GROSS, EDWARD, AND PAUL V. institutions in U.S. on: policy board member GRAMBSCH selection, characteristics; trends in policy mak- Relationships Between University Goals and Other ing, for example, faculty-student participation; Institutional Characteristics

77Goals, Relationships, Services, Responsibilities Center for Academic Administrative Research, members of college and universitygoverning University of Washington, Seattle, Wash.98105 ; boards, including trustees from Institutional; 1967-1968. a diverse range of institutions of higher education(public and A multivariate analysis of theresponses con- private,universities, colleges and junior col- cerning university goals from 7,200administra- leges). Data will be gathered regardingboard tors, regents, and faculty members insome 80 members' backgrounds, educationalattitudes or major universities, holdingconstant such factors philosophy, and the nature of theirresponsibili- as private/public, prestigious/non-prestigious in ties and actions as trustees."Approximately order to discover significant relationshipsbe- 9,000 have received thethree-part machine- tween the goals of a university and other charac- scorable questionnaire. eristics of the same institution.Grows out of earlier project, "Academic Administratorsand LANGAN, MICHAEL D. (Dissertation) University Goals" (1965 data). Cotholic College and UniversityTrusteeship GROSS, EDWARD, AND PAUL V. State University of New York, c/oG. Lester GRAMBSCH Anderson, Buffalo, N.Y.; Personal; Completion dateMarch 1968. Academic Administrators and UniversityGoals Comparing by-laws of each institution Center for Academic Administrative Research, which describe legal basis of trustees' function,study University of Washington, Seattle, Wash,98105; will use interviews with presidents U.S. Office of Education; 1964-1966. and board members to "determine the actualscope of the (Monograph to be published by AmericanCoun- boards of trustees' functions," what"actual im- cil on Education, October 1968). press trusteeship has upon institutions" ofhigher educationof Roman Catholic sponsorship. A mailed questionnaire survey ofadministra- tors, including academic and nonacademic Documentation (anonymous) and illustrationof deans, how boards have acted within the department heads and "people classified scope of their as di- responsibility. Identifies issues, suggests rectors," as well as trustees anda 10 percent ways to improve effectiveness. Population: 66Roman sample of faculty (so as tocompare faculty with Catholic colleges and administrators) at 80 Ph.D.-granting universitiesaccredited institutions by Middle States Association inJanuary 1966 in order to assess: "1) their viewsconcerning the goals of the university, 2) their perceptions (approximately 20 % of all RomanCatholic of higher education institutions in the U.S.). the relative degrees of influence variousgroups in the university family have, 3)their feelings about the workings of the formal and LAZARSFELD, PAUL F., AND informal GEORGE NASH organizations of the university, 4)... their own career patterns plus their feelings about their New Administrator on Campus: A Study ofthe own job." Elicited 7,500 usable replies from Director of Student Financial Aid 16,000 questionnaires mailed. The 300questions are divided into Section I, "University Goals: Bureau of Applied Social Research, ColumbiaUni- How do administrators and faculty versity, New York, N.Y. 10027; CollegeEn- perceive trance Examination Board; Completiondate them, and how conceive them ideally?"Section July 1967. II, "Power Structure: The authorityand deci- sion-making processes within institutions."Aca- demic freedom, student educational LUNSFORD, TERRY F., AND opportuni- JOSEPH LAPENTA ties,institutionalloyalty,research role and management efficiency are some factorsabout Administrative Orientations in the Large which opinions were solicited. Prestigebut not University size seem important. Private andpublic uni- Center for Research and Development inHigher versities are distinguished, 89statistical sum- Education, mary tables. University of California, Berkeley, Calif. 94720; U.S. Office of Education;Comple- tion dateOctober 1968. HARTNETT, RODNEY T. An analysis of relationships between 1)large- Trustee Study university executives' perspectiveson campus EducationalTestingService,Princeton,N.J. governance and 2) the complex of bureaucratic, 08540; American Association for HigherEduca- professional, and consensualpressures they face tion & Educational Testing Serviee;1967-1968. today. Published statements andresponses to "Evolving from the research semi-structured interviews are used, along with interests of questionnaire responses fromover 550 executives Morton Rauh of Antioch College this study will of 69 major American universities. Willattempt consist of a survey of approximately9,000 to describe a distinct perspective concerning 78Administrators 11.

academic organization and governance that is The researcher seeks to determine how loans and emerging among administrators of large uni- grants should be utilized to obtain the maximum versities, and to suggest its uses and limitations return on the investment in human capitai and in academic settings. how this return can be measured in economic and social terms. McCRAIG, ROBERT The Functions of Vice Chancellors in PERKINS, RAY (Sponsor), AND British Universities BILL McCOY (Dissertation) The Locus of Internal Decision-Making in EducationDepartment, Universityof New England, New South Wales, England; Personal; Selected Higher Education Institutions December 1966July 1968. College of Education,University of Florida, An exploratory field study of the functions of Gainesville, Fla. 32601; Personal; Completion vice chancellors, as stated in official documents, date-1968. as actually performed, and as perceived by them, "A study to determine the locus of internal through structured interviews at eight British decision-making in selected institutions of higher universities. Part of an analysis of the decision- education in Florida ... using an interview guide making structure in the universities, research on to determine who makes the ... decisions and at role definition of members of senior administra- what level ... and developing a continuum ... tive governing bodiesinuniversities of the running from bureaucratic to collegial . . ." United Kingdom. Examples: budget, faculty selection, admissions, academic freedom and committee appointments. McKEOUGH, WILLIAM J. (Dissertation) Validity of the Use of a Taxonomy of PIERCE, WENDELL H., AND ROBERT STALCUP Administrative Behavior in Higher Education Freedom and Accountability in School of Education, New York University, New York, N.Y. 10003; Personal; 1967. Higher Education A study using the theoretical taxonomy ofHigher Education Advisory Committee, Educa- administrative behavior(in Daniel Griffiths' tional Commission of the States, Denver, Colo.; Decision-Making) to test validity of its use in a Educational Commission of the States; 1967 "purely higher educational administrative set- 1969. ting." An inquiry, including discussions by state governors and institutional administrators, "on MULLINS, NICHOLAS C. the issue of the relationship between higher education's necessary freedom and its equally File of Incidents and Responses of Universities necessary responsibility with respect to state Department of Sociology, Vanderbilt University, government." Materials developed so far include Nashville, Tenn. 37203; 1968. a worksheet listingissues and points of di- vergence and agreement between state govern- An exploratory study, compiling of documents and interviews pertaining to selected university ment officers and higher education institution incidents helpful in the training of university officers. administrators; sources of data include campus newspapers, personal reports, letters and "a few RAUH, MORTON A. interestinginterviews,"from 25universities College Trustee Project "where things have occurred." Campus Governance Program, Antioch College, Yellow Springs, 'Ohio 45387; Sloan Foundation OWEN, JOHN & EducationalTestingService;September Theoretical Analysis of Administrative Criteria 1967-1969. for Loans, Scholarships, Admissions and Other An exploratory survey by questionnaire of the Policy Variables on Their Relationship to National college trustees (11,000) for 600 institutions, "to Needs conduct a national survey of college and uni- Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md. 21218; versity trustees designed to determine the back- College Entrance Examination Board; 1967 ground, attitudes and functions of ... trustees." 1968. A study focusing upon the relationship be- TROYER, MAURICE E. (Sponsor), AND tween administrative goals of colleges and their ALLAN P. SPLETE (Dissertation) decisions on such matters as admissions policies, Role of Vice-President for Academic Affairs in student aid policies, and curricular offerings. Innovation in a Large University 79Goals, Relationships,Services, Responsibilities School of Education, Syracuse University, Syra- dents on basis of public and private universities; cuse, N. Y. 13210; Personal; 1966August 1968. and compare academic presidents with executives of business and government. An exploratory case study of the academic vice-president at Syracuse University (by his administrative assistant), to illuminate the role of academicvice-presidentin"originating, nurturing,planning,decision-making,imple- 1966-1967 RESEARCH menting, neutralizing, or rejecting" institutional innovations. ASTIN, A. W. "Research Findings on the Academic Adminis- WALLHAUS, ROBERT, PHEMISTER, tration Internship Program." The Educational LARRY, AND JAMES MANDEL Record, Spring 1966, 47(2) 173-184. Staff-Load Model A report presenting and evaluating some of the major findings concerning the selection of the OperationsAnalysisDivision,Administrative Data Processing, University of Illinois, Urbana, first group of American Council on Education III. 61820; Institutional; Fall 1967Fall 1968. eiiows who were identified for academic admin- istration. This was the first phase of a five-year Study and development of a model which will program beginning in 1964, which was designed be used to plan and project staff resou ..ce re- to improve the quality of academic administra- quirements. Model will enable planners to ex- tion. Each of 1,097 member institutions was amine theimplicationsof various resource asked to nominate one person from the faculty allocation alternatives. In conjunction with the or staff. This study attempts to describe some of development of a capability to predict students the characteristics of the candidates nominated by curriculum, a linear programming model will for the first year, and to identify some of the be studied to determine instructional resource factors that influence the final selection. Com- allocations to academic departments. pared with the typical faculty member, the typical candidate was more likely to: possess a WALLHAUS, ROBERT (Sponsor), AND terminal degree and be trained in the field of MELVIN J. STANFORD (Dissertation) education. Candidates selected as Fellows were more likely to be employed in universities than Information System Model for the are those not selected. Nearly nine out of 10 Academic Department of the winners held Ph.D.'s. The typical winner OperationsAnalysisDivision,Administrative also had a high salary, more publications, and a Data Processing, University of Illinois, Urbana, higher undergraduate grade-point average than III. 61820;Institutional ;S ummer 1967 the typical nonwinner. These findings indicate Summer 1968. that the judges place much weight on the "paper" qualifications of the candidates. An exploratory development of a modela conceptual schemeof an integrated depart- mental information system that would fit into a BLACKWELL, THOMAS EDWARD general information system for a large uni- College andUniversityAdministration. New versity.Uses published empirical studiesof York: Center for Applied Research in Educa- department, organization theory, academic ad- tion, 1966. ministration, and information systems. A survey of the major problems and issues involved in the administration of higher insti- WARNER, W. LLOYD (Sponsor), AND tutions of learning. Emphasizes the need for MICHAEL R. FERRARI (Dissertation) carefully planned programs for training college AmericanCollege and UniversityPresidents: administrators. Analyzes the difference between Career and Role Perceptions, Social problems posed by tax-supported institutions Characteristics and private institutions and includes treatment for both types of institutions. Department of Management, Business Adminis- tration School, Michigan State University, East GROSS, EDWARD Lansing, Mich.48823;FordFoundation; November 1967August 1968. "AcademicAdministratorsandUniversity Goals, a Study in Conflict and Cooperation." A comparative study of 1,259 presidents of Office of Education, Department of Health, Edu- four-year liberal arts colleges and universities by cation and Welfare, 1967. means of questionnaires, interviews, and analysis to: describe career lines, role perceptions and A study to assess the role of the university social-personal characteristics; compare presi- administration in the attainment of the goals of 80Administrators S.

the university on the part of key participants, 20,000 persons were studied; used institutional administration, faculty, extension, trustees, and records, mail questionnaires,follow up inter- outside organizations, by securing data on re- views, and various statistical collections. Re- source allocation and on power structure. A 10 gression analysis and analysis of variance were percent sampling ratio was established for allemployed. For open-ended questions, content nondenominational universities. Approximately analysis was used.

81 Goals, Relationships, Servkes, Responsibilities Chapter IV STRUCTURES The Institution as Organization

This category emphasizes that the university, using the word generically, exists as a social system or structure and, also, that within this social entity are many structuresmany organizational parts, forms, or operational segments.

MULTIINSTITUTIONAL STUDIESby types of schools or geographical configurations, by formal or informal, voluntary or mandatory association. Includes studies of statewide planning and coordination across institutional lines or within a multicampus institution.

CURRENT RESEARCH A project to investigate the effectiveness of the joint program as a totality; to investigate pos- ANELLO, MICHAEL sible differences among the programs at the different institutions; to investigate the charac- Problems of Italian Universities and the Current teristics of the students in each institution's Plans for Inducing Change portion of the program; and to investigate the School of Education, Boston College, Chestnut interaction of student characteristics with various Hill, Mass.; U.S. Office of Education; Septem- aspects of the program. ber 1967June 1968. It is hoped that by gathering as much ante- A comparative field study, using interviews, cedent data as possible, and by using pretest/ visits, and documentary analysis to study the post-test comparisons as the research design, nature of the impediments facing the Italian that both specific questions for further research university system and to provide a basis for may be raised, and that the data generated and understanding the dynamics of change in the findings therefrom may be useful in implement- university system of . ing evaluation of programs in higher education, especially graduate education. ARNOLD, DAVID B., AND IRWIN ABRAMS BELLAGAMBA, ANTHONY, JR. The American College and International Educa- Interinstitutional Cooperation: Seminary of St. tion Augustine in Cap-Rouge, P.Q., Canada Education and World Affairs, 522 5th Avenue, ConsolataMissionSeminary,Buffalo,N. Y.; . New York, N.Y. 10036; U.S. Office of Educa- January 1968June 1969. tion; September 1966Spring 1968. A historical and descriptive study of the A historical and case study using reports and Seminary of St. Augustine's organization and papers of colleges, foundations, and government educational impact, to show how problems of agencies regarding curriculum, faculty, students, interinstitutional cooperation have been solved, and funding of international education pro- with view to its use as model for similar future grams by American liberalarts colleges,to projects, especially in Catholic education. "enable them (liberal arts colleges) to make decision on staffing and curriculum priorities." BERDAHL, ROBERT 0. BARDON, JACK I., AND VIRGINIA Statewide Systems of Higher Education D. C. BENNET San Francisco StateCollege, San Francisco, Evaluation of an Experimental Program in School Calif.; American Council on Education; July Psychology 1966June 1968. Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New A comparative field study of systems of higher Brunswick, N.J.; U.S. Office of Education; Sep- education in 13 states directly, and seven indi- tember 1967September 1969. rectly, with confidential interviews with 30 to 50

82 Structures persons per state including governors, legislators, CALIFORNIA COORDINATING budget offices, coordinating boards, public and COUNCIL FOR HIGHER EDUCATION private universities. Uses two questionnaires as followup. Analysis of the "evolution of coordi- Nursing Education nation and of the agencies performing this func- CaliforniaCoordinatingCouncil forHigher tion and ... the effectsof coordination upon the Education, 1020 12th Street, Sacramento, Calif.; institutions and their relations with state govern- California Coordinating Council for Higher ment." Includes criteria for evaluating coordina- Education; May 1966July 1968. tion, and exploration of essentials of institutional autonomy, responsibility to public interest, kinds A descriptive field study with comparative data to provide recommendations relatedto of coordination necessary ...influence of coor- dination on decisinn making, relationship of nursing education, articulation, licensing boards, state government to private higher education and programs to provide an adequate supply of and of coordination to master planning. nurses and nursing educators.

BLOLAND, HARLAND G. CERYCH, LADISLAV Role of Associations in a Decentralized System Case Studies on Innovation in Higher Education of Higher Education Organization for Economic Co-operation and Center for Research and Development in Higher Development, Paris, ; Organization for Education,University of California, Berkeley, EconomicCo-operationandDevelopment; Calif.; National Defense Education Act; 1966 1967Fall 1968 (Phase II). August 1968. A study of selected higher education institu- A descriptive study of the reciprocal influences tions in six countries in view of certain economic and relationships between federal agencies and problems of OECD member nations, "an analy- the interlocking network of higher education in sis of specific solutions and innovations which America, including a typology of associations in have been or are being provided . .. with respect higher education. Discusses: the role of educa- to a set of problems . . .which most OECD tional interest groups, organization of educa- countries have to face." Each case study is car- toparticular tional associations,relationship ried out by a different researcher, following pre- federal agencies, incentives for cooperation, and determined outlines and putting "their emphasis patterns of cooperation and competition among almost exclusively on the question of how the educatic nal associations in their relations with selected institutions or reforms innovate with the federal government. regard to the given problems." Innovations se- lected for study are in France, Germany, Sweden, BOLAND, WALTER R., AND AMOS H. United Kingdom, United States, and Yugo- HAWLEY slavia. Specific problems include: growing stu- American Colleges and Universities: A Study ofdent population, equality of opportunity, inter- Size and Organization disciplinary approach, specialization of institu- University of Connecticut, Storrs, Conn.; Uni- tions,institutional autonomy, recruitment of versity of Michigan & University of Connecti- teachers, teaching and research, role and status cut; 1961August 1969. of students, higher education and society, and planning and financing. A descriptive field study of 130 colleges and 15 private), using re- universities (115 public, CLARK, BURTON R. turned questionnaires "to describe and analyze the formal structure ...both the administrative Comparison of Organizational Change in Systems and academic components and their relation- of Higher Education ships to one another." Department of Sociology, Yale University, New BURGESS, T. Haven, Conn.; Personal & National Science Foundation; Summer 1967-1969. Educational Implications of Institutional Change By interview and documentary analysis, this Unit for Economic and Statistical Studies on comparativecasestudywillinquireabout Higher Education, London School of Economics, "adaptation of higher education to modern London, England; Ford Foundation; June 1966 social and economic demand in advanced indus- December 1968. trial societies. . . and mechanisms of change A study of the "development of the former in/among organizations that effect the adapta- colleges of advanced technology from 'local tions." Includes "selected universities, national education authority' institutions to university executive offices, national legislative records .. status, in the decade 1955-1956 to 1965-1966." three or four country case studies by 1971-1972."

83Multiinstitutional Studies CONGER, GEORGE R. A historical and field study, using surveys of Master Plan for FloridaHigherEducation departments, students, and community involving (Proposal) about 200 faculty and 2,000 students, "to investi- The Select Council on Post High School Educa- gate feasibility of uniting (two small Roman tion, Tallahassee,F/a.; Florida State Legislature; Catholic colleges) through examination of their 1967-1969. academic,personnel,financialand physical plant potentials," to institute self-study by these The legislative charge toitsselect council colleges toward an immediate cooperative ar- "embraces area vocational schools, community rangement, and to establish criteria for wider junior colleges, state universities, and indepen- service by the institutions to their constituencies. dent colleges and universities in Florida." Phase Some comparative study of other institutions I will include enrollment projections for all four and of Catholic higher education historically. segments of post high education, complete in- ventory of physical facilities and usage on all campuses, analysis of sources of income relative DOI, JAMES I. (Sponsor), AND to each segment, and curricular study "focusing RICHARD LANCASTER (Dissertation) uponunnecessaryduplicationofacademic Conflict and Interdependency in Consortiums in effort." (July1,1968). Phase IIwill include Higher Education faculty-need projection, "the effect of even en- rollments on facilitiesneeds," proposal for Center for the Study of Higher Education, Uni- computer-assisted instruction. versity of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich. 48104; Phase III will include a study of post-high- U.S. Office of Education & Institutional; April school educational opportunities for Florida 1968December 1968. Negroes, an investigation of Florida independent A descriptive field study of a consortiumcar- higher education: alternatives for their strength- ried out both by means of mailed questionnaires ening and increased utilization as perceived by and interview visits, of the "evolution of inter- selected administrators, an inventory of feder- institutional cooperation... and conflicts arising allysponsoredpost-secondary programsin over the traditional issue of autonomy," and de- Florida, the effect of even enrollmetns of higher scribing a "rising awareness of interinstitutional educational facilities needs, and a roster of post- interdependency." high-school educational operations in Florida (July 1, 1969). DUNGAN, RALPH A. COX, LANIER Higher Education in New Jersey: A Facilities Impact of Federal Programs in Higher Education Plan on State Planning and Coordination of Higher New Jersey Department of Higher Education, Education Trenton,N.J.; State of New Jersey & Federal; Southern Regional Education Board, 130 6th July 1967June 1968. Street, N.W., Atlanta, Ga.;Southern Regional Summai y of future enrollment projections, Education Board; March 1967March 1968. required facilities, and their cost. Descriptive field study, comparing data and views gathered by questionnaire (all states) and DUSTER, TROY, AND TIMOTHY interviews (11 states), from coordinating agen- LEHMANN, III cies, administrative agencies for federally spon- sored higher education programs, governors, Comparative Study of Aims and Administration and selected colleges and universities. Will at- in Higher Education tempt to measure extent and discern nature of Center for Research and Development in Higher the impact of federal programs on both planning Education,University of California, Berkeley, and coordinating functions of the states, identify Calif 94720;U.S. Office of Education; Comple- "academic and political implications of 'state tion dateOctober 1968. oriented' federal programs." Will try to develop criteria for appropriate choices between "state Investigation of how broad educational aims oriented"and"institutionaloriented"ap- in two technological societies (United States and proaches to federal higher education programs. Sweden) are attempted differently and imple- mented through different kinds of organizational CRANE, ROBERT M. structure. The cross-cultural comparison of sys- tems of higher education ".. . Feasibility Study for Uniting the College of St. focuses upon societal objectives.. Francis and Lewis College (Illinois) . empirical work in United States will include a questionnaire study of uni- Divisionof Education,University of Illinois, versity governing boards, analyses of selected Chicago, Ill.;Institutional (2); Decembcr 1966campus administrations, and use of data on June 1968. organizational structure. The research in Sweden

84 Structures takes account of their combining three roles in Illinois Board of Higher Education, 300E. the academy in a single office, and techniques Monroe, 104 St. George Building, Springfield, will include interviews with professor-adminis- Ill.; State of Illinois & Federal; trators, review of policy documents, and a study March 1968. of their consonance with institutional structure." A descriptive survey using questionnaires from 118 institutions "1) to estimate Statewide capac- EDWARDS, REGINALD ity of systems of higher education to absorb A Conceptual Framework for the Review of existing and projected enrollments, 2) to ascer- American Educational History tain the planned expansion of physical facilities for higher education in the State." McGill University, 2, Quebec, Canada; 1967. HALSTEAD, D. KENT Raises some hard questions about the four- StatewidePlanning forHigher Education tier categorization of the development of Ameri- Practice and Method can education, pointing out that one has not grown neatly out of the level immediately be- Bureau of Higher Education, Room 4923, U.S. neath it and suggesting an "interface model" for Office of Education,Washington, D.C. 20202; the study of educational history in America. U.S. Office of Education; Fall 1966Fall 1968. This would focus the study on the transitional A descriptive and evaluative study of the state steps of education, as from high school to col- planning and coordinating agencies for higher lege. "You give more freedom to your high education in 50 states, by means of their pub- school seniors than you give to university fresh- lished documents, "toidentify and describe men." workable methodologies and procedures for statewide planning in higher education. A secon- ETZKORN, K. PETER dary objective is to derive .,ystematic outline of the topic areas which n.

85 Multiinstitutional Studies A comparative case study, of 24 universities in KNOELL, DOROTHY M., GOTT, six states which changed their name from college RICHARD, AND CLARENCE W. to university, by means of questionnaires and MAN GHA M other documents, "to ascertain what changes in function took place that were attributable to Urban Community College Project vertical extension and not to normal growth. American Association of Junior Colleges, 1315 The investigation included the following areas: 16th Street, N.W.,Washington, D.C. 20036; historical background and impetus for vertical U.S. Office of Economic Opportunity; Decem- extension, board of governance, internal or- ber 1967refunding expected for 1969. ganization,facultyandresearch,academic programs, library, admission requirements, stu- Research and demonstration projects in four dent body, physical facilities and fiscal affairs." major urban community college districts,to develop "a number of alternative models for urban college outreach programs for the inner JOHNSON, JOEL L. city poor and to assess their relative effectiveness by means of intra- and inter-institutionalre- United States-Latin American Educational Rela- search coordinated by the American Association tions at the University Level of Junior Colleges. Aims to develop and testnew Education and World Affairs, 522 Fifth Avenue teaching materials appropriate tothe needs, New York, N.Y. 10036; Institutional; February interests, and abilities of poor adults... and to 1968(Con tin uing). assist other community colleges in the develop- ment and evaluation of experimental programs A gathering of standard data on international for the diasdvantaged." programsUnited States-LatinAmericanin particularinvolving higher education, includ- KNOELL, DOROTHY M., GOTT, ing exchange programs, summer institutes, insti- RICHARD, AND CLARENCE W. tution building projects, etc. "Coded by U.S. MANGHAM institution,foreigncountry andinstitution, Urban Community College Project sponsoring agency, type program, subject mat- ter." Questionnaire sent to all U.S. universities American Association of Junior Colleges, 1315 annually,lettersto foundations and interna- 16th Street, N.W.,Washington, D.C. 20036; tional agencies plus "information gleaned from The Ford Foundation; June 1968June 1969. Latin American contacts." Demographic studies of black and white youth not going to college in five metropolitan KIM, JONGCHOL areas with community-junior college systems, using high school records, interviews, andan Needs, Problems and Promises of Higher Educa- experimental battery of guidance tests. Aims to tion in Korea from a Historical and Develop- construct a matrix of college-going by race, sex, mental Point of View academic ability, and socioeconomic status; to find out why college is not attractive to black East-West Center, Honolulu, Hawaii; September 1967June 1968. youth who have that opportunity available to them locally and what they are doing in lieu of college; and to assess the usefulness of the experi- KINTZER, FREDERICK C., JENSEN, mentaltestsindescribing non-college-going ARTHUR M., AND JOHN S. HANSEN youth and in planning new types of programs to attract them. The Multi-Institution Junior College District Department of Higher Education, University of LANOUE, GEORGE R. (Sponsor), AND California, Los Angeles, Calif.; U.S. Office of RICHARD FRANKLIN (Dissertation) Education & Institutional April 1968Decem- Changing Concepts of Church Relationship in the ber 1968. Eight Colleges of the Evangelical and Reformed A comparativefieldstudy of 100 junior Churchto 1967 college-community college institutionsacross Department of Philosophy and Sociology, Colum- the United States by means of visits, opinion- bia University Teachers College, New York, N. Y. naires, and library research "to identify current 10027; Personal; September 1967Fall 1968. patternsof (multi-institution)administration and present guidelines for decisions on the as- LASH, JOHN S., CLARK, T. R., OWENS, signment of responsibilities (and) to discuss the E. W., ET AL theoretical basis for...administration.... This study should be of value to junior college Cooperative Research Project in Higher Education districts contemplating more than one campus in Texas and those already committed to multiple units." Coordinating Board of the Texas College and 86Structures University System, Sam Houston State Office Graduate School of Business, Cornell University, Building, 201 East 14th Street,Austin, Tex. Ithaca, N.Y. 14850; September 1968Septem- 78701; Coordinating Board of the Texas College ber 1969. and University System; January 1967April 1968. An exploratory field study using question- naires and interviews on two selected campuses A descriptive survey of current practices of of seven new British universitiesin order to higher educationinstitutionsinTexas with examine and describe the processes of organiza- regard to compensatory and remedial educa- tional formation and relate them to "emergent tional programs with attention to budgeting for innovations in educational process." Through those purposes. Information from question- exploratory comparison this project may identify naires, interviews, and other institutional studies some of the barriers against and facilitators for from all institutions in Texas and about 60 insti- innovation in higher education. tutions from out of state. MATTHIJSSEN, M. A. J. M., AND LEE, EUGENE C., AND FRANK M. S. L FORTUIN BOWEN The Organization of "Kandidaats" Courses and Study of the Government of Public Multi-C'ampus Their Effectiveness University and College Systems Netherlands' Universities Social Research Centre Institute of Governmental Studies, University of (SIS WO),OudeZijdsAchterburgwal128, California,Berkeley,Calif.94720;Carnegie I, The Netherlands; (Listed in the Commission on the Future of Higher Education; 1968Register of Research Underway inthe 1967-1969. Social Sciences.) Summer 1966-1969. "The purposes of the study are to review the An analysis of the social organization of a present status of (selected public multi-campus variety of training units, covering four disci- universities and colleges), to describe the various plines, by means of questionnaires and statistical organizational patterns whici)exist,the dis- data from current registers. Results being com- tribution of formal and informal authority pared to criteria of educational effectiveness among the various elements of the system, to including students' opinions of the courses in indicate the special problems and relationshipr which they are enrolled. These opinions are students,faculty, alumni and other related gathered by means of questionnaires. groups, and to indicate the impact on these various elements of the external administrative McCORMACK, WILLIAM A. and political environment." This study will also International Education: The University inthe include an assessment of the increasing role of Modern World the federal government in higher education and Professional International Education, Coordinator its impact on the organizational and authorityfor Education Abroad, University of California, structure. Berkeley,Calif.94720;Institutional & U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare LITZINGER, WILLIAM D., AND Foundation; September 1965September 1968 ROGER ALLEN An analysis and presentation of recent re- Higher Education for Business at search evidencelibrary research,field inter- Catholic Institutions views, and observationswhich bears upon the study of foreign students in the U.S., faculty University of San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif. 94117; 1967-1968. abroad, exchanges,technical assistance pro- grams, and curriculum reformthe international An analysis of the role of Catholic schools in programs of American higher education. The higher education for business, using interviews book will attempt to define the universities' with presidents,faculty, and other adminis- international role. trative leaders in Catholic collegiate units of business education in the United States and McGRATH, EARL J. Canada. Comparison of these institutions with Origins and Development of Distinctive Gordon & Howell report and the Pierson report, Institutions and recommendations for the future of Catholic business education. Institute of Higher Education, C'olumbia Univer- sity, New York, N.Y. 10027; Organization for EconomicCooperationandDevelopment; LODAHL, THOMAS M. 1967. Innovation and Organizational Formation in "A series of case studies on the development New British Universities of several institutions in the United States as 87Multiinsthutional Studies examples of how distinctive institutions have MEYER, ALBERT J. come into being. Among them are Rochester Institute of Technology, New College at Hofstra, Study of Church-Related Academic Sub-Commu- and State University of New York." nities or Other Academic Resources on University Campuses McGRATH, EARL J., AND MennoniteStudentServicesCommittee and MICHAEL BRICK Mennonite Board of Education, c/o A. J. Meyer, Innovation in Liberal Arts Colleges 1700 South Main, Goshen, Ind. 46526; Menno- nite; Fall 1966Spring 1969. Institute of Higher Education, Columbia Univer- sity, New York, N.Y.; Carnegie Foundation; A survey of existing experimental and residen- January 1967May 1968. tial colleges and related ventures 1) to determine An exploratory field survey of 872 institutions the feasibility of providing new church-related "to identify innovative practices in liberal arts or other privately-sponsored, value-distinctive colleges in the United States." Mainly concerns academic sub-communities (e.g. residential col- practices introduced in the last five or six years, leges, "new colleges," etc.) or other academic and with identifying some innovative institutions resources for students on one or more university in the United States. Questionnaires and follow- campuses in the United States, through co- up letters are included. operative arrangements with the respective uni- versity administrations, and 2) to examine the McOUAT, DAVID C. advantages and disadvantages of various model proposals for such arrangements and of the Enrollment in Florida's Institutions of existing pattern for church and other private Higher Learning: Fall 1967 colleges. Approximately 300 research workers Office of Academic Affairs, Florida Board of and administrators, faculty members, and stu- Regents,University System of Florida, Talla- dents in institutions, experimental programs, and hassee, Fla.; State of Florida; September 1967. sponsoring agencies in New England, the Mid- west, the Pacific states, Canada, and England An annual collation of enrollment figures for Florida higher education institutions, by means have been interviewed. (These have included per- sons at Conrad Grebel College, a Mennonite of questionnaire tosixstate universities, 27 public junior colleges, 23 private colleges and residential college, and its sister institutions in universities, four private junior colleges: "1) to operation at the University of Waterloo, On- identify trends and relationships in enrollments tario, in the past several years.) The first pilot in the institutions of Florida, 2) to obtain data project related to this feasibility study has been initiated on the Temple University campus in to support institutional research, 3) to provide Philadelphia in the fall of 1968, sponsored by data for master planning by the Florida Board of Regents, 4) to establish a base for enrollment Messiah College under an operating grant from projections." the U.S. Departemnt of Health, Education and Welfare. MEDSKER, L. L., AND L. E. MESSERSMITH (Dissertation) MINAR, DAVID W., USDAN, MICHAEL Accreditation by Specialized Agencies of Voca- S., AND EMMANUEL HURWITZ tional Curricula in Post-Secondary Institutions Developing Relations Between Elementary- School of Education, University of California, Secondary and Higher Education in Berkeley, Calif. 94720; U.S. Office of Education; American States October 1966April 1968. Education and Political Science Departments, A descriptive field study of 49 two-year col- , Evanston, Ill. 60201; leges (randomly selected) and 28 specialized American Council on Education & Education agencies (engaging in accreditation), including Commission of the States; December 1966 interviews or questionnaires from 378 persons, Spring 1968. "to survey and assess the basic issues of accredi- tation by specialized agencies as they bear upon An exploratory field study and comparison of the two-year college." Includes issue of "what 12 states asks: How are political relationships recent federal and state legislation has made between elementary, secondary, and higher edu- accreditation by a specialized agency a prerequi- cation altering? How do social, political, and site for participation in funding or program de- organizational circumstances influence the shape velopment?" and theeffectof professional of these relationships? Why do patterns differ as accreditation on program development within they do? "Might enhance the possibility of over- the institution. all educational planning."

88 Structures

14, AO. MOEHLMAN, ARTHUR H. Department of Higher Education, State Univer- Comparative Study of Higher Education in sity of New York, Buffalo, N.Y. 14214;Personal; Europe and America, 1918-1968 January 1967March 1968. Center for History of Education, University of By analysis of publications and by inter- Texas, Austin, Tex. 78712;Texas Research Insti- viewing, this descriptive case study attempts "to tute & Institutional; 1961. illuminate...the organization, influence, and operation" of the type of accrediting institution Investigator has completed interviews with major educational figures in Germany, Austria, represented by the Commission on Institutions , Italy, France, , and England of Higher Education of the Middle Atlantic States Association of Colleges and Secondary and as culturalattache 1962-1964 gathered documentary materials. Book completed: Com- Schools. Examines organizational pattern,pro- cess of evaluation, effects of accreditation on parativeEducational Systems. specific colleges and tmiversities. Interviews in- MOON, REXFORD G., JR. clude Commission members, staff, evaluators, staff members of specific colleges. Comprehensive Study of Higher Education in Delaware NELSON-JONES, RICHARD Academy for Educational Development, Denver, Review of Status of Statewide Planning for Colo.;State of Delaware; September 1967 Higher Education in New England June 1968. NewEngland Board of HigherEducation, Field study of higher education in Delaware, 20 Walnut Street, Wellesley, Mass. 02181;New both public and private, using organizational England Board of Higher Education; November data,on-site visits with special attention to 1967March 1968. facilities and enrollment factors. A descriptive account of statewide planning in MOYNIHAN, DANIEL P. New England, using "relevant literature" and interviews, to "increase the possibilities for the Urban Problems and Higher Education further establishment and maintenance ofa Joint Center for Urban Studies, Massachusetts coordinatededucationalprogramfor New Institute of Technology and Harvard University, England states." Cambridge, Mass.;Carnegie Commission on the Future of Higher Education; Completion date O'CONNOR, WILLIAMJ. December 1969. Project 3,000: "Financing Collegiate Centers and A study of the relationship between higher Institutes fortheDevelopmentofCreative education and urban society. Intelligence" University of Buffalo Foundation, Inc., Buffalo, MUNN, MERTON D. N. Y. 14214; Florida State Department of Educa- An Appraisal of the Protestant Christian Effort in tion, Division of C'ommunity Junior Colleges, clo Higher Education in Asia Lake City Junior College, Lake City, Fla. 32055; 1966-1971. United Board for Christian Higher Education in Asia, 475 Riverside Drive, Room 1221New York, A program to establish "worldwide centers for N.Y.;Denominational; September 1965-1968. the development of creative intelligence," inter- disciplinary centers (psychological, anthropo- Survey of the extent of Protestant effort in logical, socioeconomic) to coordinate regional higher education in Asia, "to examine the place researchin:1)theory and components of ... of the Christian college .. in Asia... to creativity; *2) applications in curriculum, ad- examine ways in which universities can improve ministration,research,and theirprograms; lifeexperiences; exploregeographicalareas **3) development of communications center for where there is no Christian effort in higher edu- cation;providemissionboards,etc.,with *Pilot project under consideration by the guidelines for the most effective use of funds and Florida State Department of Education, Division personnel ..." Uses "questionnaires, team visita- of Community Junior Colleges, includesa junior collegeregionalconsortium coordinated by tion, interviews and related literature. ." A summary conference is scheduled for October, Lake City Junior College and Forest Ranger 1968, in Hong Kong. School,i.e.,"An Interdisciplinary Study of Regional Creative Learning Centers in the Year NECHASEK, JOSEPH E. (Dissertation) 3,000 A.D." **Includes "an interdisciplinary study of the Inter-organizational Pattern in Higher Education: eastern lakes region: Buffalo, Rochester, To- Institutional Accreditation of Colleges and ronto, Eric, Cleveland, Pittsburgh, in the year Universities 3,000 A.D." 89Multiinstitutional Studies creativity. To include the first automated library conducted in California, Florida, Illinois, and and dissemination center for creative education. New York, a theoretical framework has been developed which focuses upon how critical deci- PACE, C. ROBERT sions regarding the distribution of authority and Evaluation of Higher Education Programs influence in statewide planning are made. The four states were selected primarily on the basis Research and Development Center for the Study of their relatively longer experience in statewide of Evaluation of Instructional Programs, School of planning and coordination. Over 700 interviews Education, University of California, Los Angeles, were conducted in a total of 83 institutions and Calif. 90024; U.S. Office of Education & Insti- with members of the governor's staff, the budget tutional; 1967. division, the legislature, and the coordinating A series of field studies toward a "national agency. Interviews included administrators and appraisal of the impact of higher education on faculty of a sample of public and private junior students and on society" with focus on institu- colleges, state colleges and universities. tions and major parts of institutions, on differ- Tentative findings with regard to statewide encesbetweeninstitutionsacrosstheU.S. planning are: 1) quantitative and means-oriented rather than on individual students, single insti- statewide planning predominates and creates tutions, or "small segments of their experience." pressure for a similar emphasis at the institu- tional level. This raises serious questions about .. What is needed is a model, with feasible instrumentation, that can be applied to large the amount of attention that is being given to numbers of institutions and provide new per- educational purposes and goals; 2) institutions spectives for evaluation of higher education in are reluctant to adopt program-planning and the U.S." Current phase of this multifaceted budgeting systems because of a fear that such project includes pre-testing new criterion mea- methods will result in additional externalcon- sures and new contextual measures prior to trols; 3) although traditionally legislators have wider use with samples of freshmen, upperclass- been primarily concerned with economy and men, and alumni in approximately 120 colleges efficiency, a growing number are becoming con- and universities, and the development of more cerned with the "educational effectiveness" of comprehensive theory and models for institu- public institutions; 4) most private institutions tional evaluation. are faced with a major crisis regarding their New criterion measures under construction, future and this has led to significant efforts to for use with students, "deal with understanding reassess their mission and raise the quality of conceptsimportantinthe modernworld, their programs. Furthermore, private institutions awareness of social trends, with various affective arenotsignificantlyinvolvedinstatewide outcomes suchasobjectivity,opennessto planning. change, esthetic sensitivity, etc., and with par- ticipation in a variety of activities related to the PIERCE, WENDELL H., AND arts, sciences, civic and political affairs, and ROBERT STALCUP culture." The Accreditation of Vocational-Technical New contextual measures under construction Education Institutions will deal with such characteristics of the edu- cational environment as campus morale, quality Educational Commission of the States, Denver, of teaching and faculty-student relationships Cob.; Educational Commission of the States; teaching-learning style, institutional stance to- 1968. ward student discipline and freedom, alienation and anonymity, and peer group patterns. Stemming from a statement by Educational Commission of the States about alternate ap- proaches to accreditation, this projectis an PALOLA, ERNEST G., LEHMAN, action-research effort to encourage state govern- TIMOTHY, AND WILLIAM BLISCHKE ments toenter the field of accreditation of Statewide Planning in Higher EducationIts vocational and technical schools by first identify- Implications at the Institutional Level ing the relevant criteria for judging institutions inthisfield. Report to be presented to the Center for Research and Development in Higher Western Division of the Governors' Conference. Education,University of California, Berkeley, Calif. 94720; U.S. Office of Education; Septem- ber 1966December 1968. PLANNING COUNCIL FOR HIGHER EDUCATION () This study is to suggest some guiding principles regarding statewide planning whereby the needs Expansion of Higher Education for the for higher education can be met and, at the same Period to 1980 time, the autonomy of local institutions pre- Planning Council for HigherEducation,Fre- served. With documents collected and interviews derikshohnsKanal 21, 1220 K.,

90Structures Denmark; Ministry of Education, Denmark; of educational planning in France in relationto Completion dateJune 1967. economic, manpower and social planning. Sur- A detailed report to the Danishgovernment veys, current practices, plans for improvement, with proposals for higher education planningup etc. Study covers higher education planning as to 1980; includes both data and rationale of well as primary and secondary. An English edi- tion of report is scheduled. methods used; "...point of departure of the Planning Council for the coming 10-15 years' planning is. .. the excessive pressure on edu- RHETT, HASKELL (Dissertation) cational capacity," as evidenced by premises, andteachersandappropriationsavailable. Creating University Communities: Four New Universities in England English summary pp. 249-263. Takes intoac- count, among other factors, industrial structure Institutional Testing Program, Educational Test- and changes in demand for graduates, "overall ing Service, Princeton, N.J.; Educational Testing tendency for students who have... passed the Service & National Defense Education Act& `Studentereksamen,' to pursue higher educa- Institutional; August 1966May 1968. tion," several specific areas of occupation, in- cluding health services, the varieties of higher A historical case study of the creation of four education, the possibility of influencing future new "university communities"in England developments in different ways, the motivations Universities of Sussex, Essex, Kent, andWar- for "an extensive development of higher edu- wickthrough examination of primarysource documents, cationalcapacityasawhole," and actual interviewswithplanningboard capacities in cost, spaces political realities, and chairmen, vice chancellors, and initial academic shortening the length of study time within staff members. The researcher, while at the Uni- traditional fields. A case study of central plan- versity of London Institute of Education,con- ning and coordination balanced by democratic ducted unstructured interviews giving primary concern for individual freedom and opportunity attention to: "1) the internal relatioriship of the for personal development. Forty-two statistical processes of academic and residential planning tables; investment requirements considered. in creating an academic community, 2) insti- In a separate report the Planning Council tutional conditions of stability, to receive tradi- makesrecommendationspertainingtothe tion, and responsiveness, 3) the relationship of expansion of the University of Copenhagen and the formal planning process constructed for these establishment of one new universityon Zealand. universities to the traditional apprenticeshipof the university colleges." POIGNANT, RAYMOND, AND KONSTANTIN NOZHKO RUTHENBERG, DONALD B. Educational Planning in the USSR Comparative Research Program Involvinga Study of the Impact of C'entral States College International Institute for Educational Planning, AssociationCollegeson theFormation 7, Rue Eygene-Delacroix, Paris 16e, France;In- of Student Attitudes ternational Institute for Educational Planning& Ford Foundation; 1964-1968. Central States College Association, 2530 Craw- ford Avenue, Evanston, Ill. 60201; U.S. Officeof An examination of the historical development Education & Central States College Association; of educational planning in the USSR in relation October 1967. to economic, manpower, and social planning. A study to "develop research facility Surveys current practices, plans for improve- on each of 12 midwestern college campuses in thecon- ment, etc. Study covers higher education plan- sortium and attempt to secure comparative data ning as well as primary and secondary.An to be used cooperatively in development of the English edition of report is scheduled. association and its students, to assist in analysis of the small college contributionor value in POIGNANT, RAYMOND, AND higher education." GEORGE SKOROV Educational Planning in Relation to Economic SACK, SAUL (Sponsor), AND and Social Planning in France HENRY SCHWANEGER (Dissertation) International Institute for Educational Planning, History of Higher Education in Delaware 7 Rue Eugene-Delacroix, Paris, 16e, France;In- Graduate School of Education,University of ternational Institute for Educational Planning& Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa. 19104; Personal; Ford Foundation. Completion date-1968. An exarnination of the historical development A historical study. 91 Multiinstitutional Studies t--

SEIFRIT, WILLIAM, JR. Questionnaires Parts 1 and 2, College and Uni- Manual of Policies and Procedures for a versity Environment Scales, and the Omnibus State Board of Education Personality Inventory. Pilot project completed. Under umbrella of an Inter-University Study Educational Planning and Research, Idaho State Consortium (five universities) for investigating Board of Education, 3322 Americana Terrace, the impact of differing residential college ar- Boise, Idaho 83702; State of Idaho; November rangements on educational outcomes. 1967December 1968. A culling of historical files of the Idaho State STALCUP, ROBERT Board of Education, manuals of other coor- Sumy of Community Centered Post-High School dinating boards,etc.,in order to develop a Education manual of policies and procedures for the state board, which has never been attempted before. Education Commission of the States, 1860 Lin- Other studies include: "Facilities Inventory and coln, Denver, Colo. 80203; Education Commis- Space Utilization Survey," and "Employee Bene- sion of the States; 1967-1968. fits for Non-Professional Staff in Higher Educa- A survey of the status of programs of commu- tion Institutions"for the State of Idaho at nity-centered post-high school education, using, four public higher education institutions. a new instrument, "Guide for Evaluating'State SMITH, ROBERT G. Programsincommunity centeredpost-high school education. The Guide consists of 18 ques- Study of College and University Planning tion items to which school officials in all 50 Officeof thePresident,ColgateUniversity, states are invited to respond, thus providing a Hamilton, N.Y. 13346; American Foundation self-evaluation by each state of its own pro- for Management Research; September 1967 grams in post-secondary education. Copies were August 1968. circulated to state school officers, directors of junior college programs, chairmen of state co- Both exploratory study and development of ordinating boards, and ECS Commissioners (7 college and university planning process, using per state), plus executive secretaries of state interviews and reports from 110 selected colleges education associations and selected urban asso- and universities, "to develop and testa new ciations. Returns from 34 states, with at least approach to college and university planning." one from each state will be analyzed and re- Included in rationale: "involvement in major ported, but no inter-state comparisons are to be elements of the university community and com- drawn. munication with important public can been- hanced by effective planning... via management science." First interest of the study: "the private STICKLER, HUGH, AND RAYMOND E. SCHULTZ sector of higher education and... the middle- sized colleges of liberal arts." Development of Vertical Extension of Academic Programs "collegeand universityplanningsubstance Department of Higher Education, Florida State center. In summer 1968.. . will begin several University School of Education, Tallahassee, Fla. experimental planningsessionswithother 32306; Institutional ; 1964-1970. colleges." A descriptive case (and historical) study of STAKENAS, ROBERT G. approximately 36 selected institutions for pilot study "to determine the forces responsible for University Cluster Research Project vertical extension, to appraise the feasibility of Department of Educational Research,Florida upward expansion in given institutions, and to State University, Tallahassee, Fla. 32306; Insti- undr,stand the processes.. ." Includes: 1) junior tutional & Carnegie Corporation; 1965-1971. colleges becoming baccalaureate degree insti- tutions, 2) baccalaureate degree institutionsex- An experiment "with an organizationalpro- panding to grant master's degrees, 3) master's- cedure in an effort to reduce the impersonality granting institution to doctoral degree. Selections of a large university," by grouping 25 to 30 are from 319 institutions which "extended ver- freshmen into common course sections as well as tically" during 1953 to 1964. Pilot study to lead housing them in a coeducational dormitory, to to more inclusive study, testing hypothesis. "facilitate the development of group identifica- tion and cohesiveness and thus... their social TULLY, EMERSON, AND and academic adjustment.. ." From an annual BROWARD CULPEPPER population of 2,000 incoming freshmenare selected two experimental and one control group. Antecedents to Master Planning for Research uses a local instrument called College Higher Education in Florida Experience Inventory, as well as College Student Office of the Board of Regents, State University

92 Structures System of Florida, Tallahassee, Fla.; State of into account in the total study. (Population of Florida; 1967. Baden-Wurtemberg is more than 8,000,000, thus comparable to Sweden, Austria, or .) A historic outline of "past developments in Florida higher education that have implications WILLIAMS, JACK K. for the master planning that is occurring" today. Headings include: "Higher Education in Florida A Master Plan for Higher Education in Texas Prior to 1900," "Dual Control of Higher Edu- Coordinating Board of Texas College and Uni- cation in Florida," "1905-1955: Limited Expan- versitySystem,Sam HoustonStateOffice sion of Higher Education in Florida," "State- Building, 201 East 14th Street, Austin, Tex. wide Educational Surveys," and "The Council 78701; Coordinating Board of Texas College for the Study of Higher Education: Catalyst." and University System. Unpublished.

WASHBURN, COURTLAND Implications of Changing the Name of 1966-1967 RESEARCH California State Colleges to "Universities" California Coordinating Council of fligher Edu- BOLAND, WALTER REED cation, 1020 12th Street, Sacramento,Calif.; "American Institutions of Higher Education." CaliforniaCoordinating Council for Higher Dissertation Abstracts A, 27(7), 2201. Univer- Education; May 1968. sity Microfilms, Inc., Ann Arbor, Mich., 1966. To ascertain whether or not a change in the A study of the relationship between size and name of the California State Colleges to Cali- the degree of organizational elaboration in all fornia State Univers Nes implies changesin publicly supported, four-year degree granting function and consequent added cost. colleges and universities as well as a few privately supported institutions of higher learning in the WEST, CAMERON P., AND STAFF United States, using questionnaires. Of these, 115 public and 15 private institutions returned The Role of Private Colleges and completed questions. Three facets of organiza- Universities in North Carolina tional specialization examined were: organiza- North Carolina Board of Higher Education, tional complexity, administrative specialization, Raleigh, N.C.; State of North Carolina; Spring and centralization. Results supported the general 1968 hypothesis that organizational size and organiza- Research leading to a report by the State tional elaboration or specialization are mono- tonicallyrelated,thatis, Board of Higher Education on private colleges assizeincreases and universities and their role in higher educa- organizational elaboration also increases. In- tion in North Carolina. truding factors were not found to have any pronounced effect on this relationship, and the WIDMAIER, H. P. relationship holds no matter what facet of specialization is being considered. It was con- A Master Plan for Higher Learning in cluded that the equilibrium model of a relatively Baden-Wurtentherg stable relationship between size and organiza- Basle Center for Economic and Financial Re- tional elaboration provides an adequate de- scription of most of the colleges and universities search, University of Basle,Steinentorstr.13, Basle, Switzerland; State of Baden-Wurtemberg; investigated; that colleges and universities of 1966-1968. similar sizes tended to be similar in organiza- tional specialization; and that size, organiza- A project to develop a master plan for higher tional specialization, and amount of environment education in Baden-Wurtemberg, Germany, by substance were shown to vary together, thus means of: 1) survey-inventory of students, fac- providing support for the ecological notion of ulty, and facilities present for all institutions of the interdependence of population, organization, secondary and higher education in that state, and environment. 2) analyses and prognoses, 3) the arguments for various alternatives and plans. The first part of FINNISTON, H. M. the study includes data from the past twelve years. The whole constitutes a model of "Hoch- "University Science and Industry."Political schulplanung"planning for education all types Science Quarterly, 1967, 38(1), 27-40. past the intermediate grades, from medicine and A study to explore ways for greater coopera- pharmacy to teacher education totechnical tion between universities and industry. Themes education. Interim material includesdetailed examined include: university attitudes to invest- listing of all subjects and "theses" to be taken ment practices, the nature of science and tech-

93 Multiinstitutional Studies nology degree courses, and the best methods of that educational policy research should apply the learning. Includes many suggestions for bringing techniques of long-range forecasting and goal- university and industrial practices into greater oriented systems design to the allocation of total contact: 1) consumer councils of mixed univer- educational resources. The four studies, repre- sity and industrial membership, 2) reduction of senting a range of educationally significant prob- time spent but improving the content of first lems are:1) an inventory of knowledge on degree course, 3) extended use of AVA in uni- human potentialities for growth and develop- versity teaching, 4) deferment of postgraduate ment, 2) preliminary forecasting of alternative work until after a period of industry, 5) courses futures for the educational system and for given in industry by universities for industry, society, 3) more specific forecasting of alternative 6) secondment of academic staff to industry to futures for urban education, and 4) a retro- engage in collaborative research programs, 7) di- spective examination and modeling of processes status in industry for academic staff. of change and innovation in the educational system. MEDSKER, LELAND, AND GEORGE CLARK JONES, LEWIS State Level Governance of California Junior Col- "A Consortium for Institutional Research." Re- leges. Berkeley, Calif.: Center for Research and searchin Education, October 1967(10),U.S. Development in Higher Education, University Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, of California, 1966. 17. An account of a special study authorized by An initial study project in a projected long- the California Coordinating Council for Higher term program for institutional and interinsti- Education to gather data needed for evaluating tutional research among Clark College, Dillard the advisability of a separate board for junior University, Fisk University, Houston-Tillotson colleges. Junior college faculty, administsators College, Lemoyne College, Talladega College, and board members, state officials and legisla- and Tougaloo College. Aims to provide neces- tors, comprised the respondents to question- sary information thatwillenable the seven naires and interviews. private and predominantly Negro colleges to effectively meet the challenges presented by the GOLDBERG, LEWIS R. revolution in civil rights and recent develop- ments in education. Assumes that the greatest "Student Personality Characteristics and Opti- impetus, and the most realistic proposals for mal College Learning Conditions." Research in effective change in the institutions making up Education, February 1967(2), U.S. Department the consortium, will come through a scientific of Health, Education, and Welfare, 6. self-study by each institution with those who A study to discover the number and nature of would have the responsibility for effecting change any personality characteristics of college stu- participating in the study and helping to for- dents which predispose them towards learning mulate the concluding recommendations. more effectively from one, rather than some other, particular college instructional format. PALTRIDGE, JAMES GILBERT Data collected from a previous large scale study involving about 900 college students would be California's Coordinating Council for Higher Edu- analyzed. Students were taught by one of four cation. A Study of Organizational Growth and different instructional formats in each of two Change. Berkeley, Calif.: Center for Research college courses. They completed a comprehen- and Development in Higher Education, Uni- sive battery of personality measures which in- versity of California, 1966. cluded 30 structured personality, motivation and A study to analyze the principal changes and attitude inventories, yielding over 500 personality new developments in the organizational form scale scores for each individual. and operational procedures of the California Council since it began in 1960, to find out the HARMAN, WILLIS reasons for these changes. Concentrates on three principal areas of change: 1) internal changes of "Establishment of a Pilot Center for Educational organizational form and working procedures and Policy Research." Research in Education, No- the progressive growth and development of new vember 1967(11), U.S. Department of Health, working mechanisms, 2) changes in the composi- Education, and Welfare, 3. tion of membership, and 3) changes in organiza- Four research studies would be conducted in tion and authority brought about by the delega- order to provide the necessary experience to tiontothe Council of administration and develop the design of an operational center for allocation of intrastate disbursements of funds research on educational policy. The selection of under certain of the new federal programs for the problems involved was guided by the concept higher education.

94 Structures TURNER, EDWARD F., JR. of applying technological innovationsto the "Study of the Implications of Modern Tech- small college or community library. In assessing nology in Small College Libraries."Research in the requirements of the modern college library, Education,October 1967(10), 8. the study will examine a series of problemareas: student needs, faculty needs, information avail- A study, to be completed in December1968, ability, changes in user patterns, andcompact seeking the most efficient and economicalmeans storage of materials.

INDIVIDUAL INSTITUTIONAL STUDIESholisticor segmental, but related to a specific collegeor university.

CURRENT RESEARCH Morrill College, are members of Michigan State University Faculty Committee on Evaluation of ANDERSON, ERNEST F. Residential Colleges.) Success of Junior College Transfers at University of Illinois EGGERTSEN, CLAUDE A. (Sponsor), AND RICHARD G. BENNETT (Dissertation) University of Illinois, Urbana, Ill.;Institutional; April 1967January 1969. United States Educational Practicesin Faculties of Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Offers comparative data from the transcripts India of "all of the fall 1966 junior college transfersto the University of Illinois at Urbana and at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich. 48104; Chicago Cire:?, campus of the university to, de- Institutional; September 1966December 1968. scribe junior college transfers in terms of selected "To discover the kinds of United States edu- admission data and academic success during first cational practices introduced intoa selected year after transfer. . .." Data are from transcripts Indian university; the study will includere- only; no interviews. Project will followup all sponsible agencies, sources of resistance and transfers who entered during 1967-1968. The facilitation, acceptance of practices by staff and number of subjects is 940. students, and attempted and proposed improve- ments."Historicalresearch,interviews,and BORGMANN, CARL surveys were conducted; computers are being used for data processing. Report for Colorado Commission on Higher Education FEHLIG, M. BORGIA, O.S.U. Academy for Educational Development, Denver, Role of the Catholic Two-Year Commuter College Cob.; Colorado Commission on Higher Edu- cation; January 1967March 1968. Springfield Junior College, Springfield, 111. 62702; Institutional & Religious Order (0.S.U.); March "To conduct a comprehensive study of the 1967March 1968. long-termroleof the Colorado School of Mines." A descriptive survey of 1,150 alumni of "the only two-year Roman Catholic, co-ed,com- DRESSEL, PAUL muter college which permits of the study of four decades of graduates" which aims to define the Evaluation of James Madison, Lyman Briggs, and role of the Catholic two-year commuter college. Justin Morrill Colleges Questionnaire examines the academic aspirations Office of Institutional Research, Michigan State and persistence of students of this institution University, East Lansing, Mich. 48823;January with a liberal arts and preprofessional emphasis; 1968-1969. the definition of career patterns and satisfaction and community involvement; employment and Baseline data,test,and questionnaire re- socioeconomic backgrounds; alumni evaluation sponses from first student classes of the three of junior college teaching and counselling; and residential colleges at Michigan State University; trends of needs and satisfactions. newly evolved Michigan State University Stu- dent Inventory form; data available for com- parison with students in other units of Michigan HITCH, CHARLES, AND State. (Herbert Garfinkel, dean, James Madison FRED BALDERSON College; Fred B. Dutton, dean, Lyman Briggs Systems Analysis and Long Range Planning for College; and Gordon Rohman, dean, Justin the University of California 95 Individual Institutional Studies

It. Office of Planning and Analysis, University of MEYER, DONALD P. (Dissertation) California, Berkeley, Calif. 94720; Ford Founda- tion; 1968-1971. Teacher Perceptions of Community College Libraries (Michigan) A number of research projects which attempt RFD # 1, Box 22B, Houghton Lake, Mich, 48629; new applications of systems analysis techniques Personal; January 1968August 1968. to operational and planning problems in Uni- versity administration. A specific goal is to in- An exploratory comparison, distributing an vestigate techniques for increasing college and original questionnaire to 15 percent of members university efficiency without dehumanizing the of each community college faculty in Michigan academic community or limiting academic free- (300), "to determine whether there are any sig- dom. Among projects under consideration are nificantdifferencesintheperceptions(by) the adaptation of program budgeting to a large teachers teaching college prep, occupational, and university; the development of planning models continuing education curricular programs" of that will deal with academic, fiscal and physical the services and facilities of community college factors in a rapidly expanding university system; libraries. and studies of alternative ways to utilize re- sources under a variety of budget constraints. MILLER, ROBERT L., LEE, ROBERT, AND DONALD MILLER INNIS, C. THOMAS Study of New Sub-Collegiate Units at State Classroom and Faculty Office Utilization Studies University of New York at Binghamton Universityof Cincinnati,105 Administration State University of NewYork, Binghamton, Building, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221; Institutional; N.Y. 13901; Institutional; Fall 1967. November 1967. A survey of both data and opinions, using the A project to better utilize existing space and College Student Questionnaire (Part II) with to provide a basis for future planning andapproximately 20 percent of the entering fresh- building. man class (fall 1967) and an interview schedule with selected administrators, faculty members, JACOBSON, MYRTLE S. and student leaders of the college units at State Organizational Interaction between Evening University of New York at BitigiiEmton,in College and Parent Institution order to:1) provide a base line or point of reference for a longitudinal study of collegiate New School for Social Research, 66 West 12th structure; 2) make possible further comparative Street, New York, N.Y. 10011; U.S. Office of studies, for example, resident versus commuter Education; 1967-1968. students; 3) describe administrative and faculty An exploratory case study of the interrelation- views of the new collegiate structure as well as ship between an evening college and its parent changes in the educational offerings under the organization, using documentary evidence to new structure; 4) describe administrative prob- analyze the formal structure and personal inter- lems that have resulted from introduction of views to analyze the informal structure, all to the college structure; and 5) describe extra- examine "how an educational sub-institution curricular opportunities that have resulted from functions within the regulatory orbit of a parent the introduction of this college structure. institution based upon observation of institu- tional interaction." NYE, ROGER West Point, 1900-1925 McCORMACK, WILLIAM A. Department of Social Sciences, U.S. Military International Studies for the Professional School Academy, WestPoint,N.Y.;Institutional; University of California, Berkeley, Calif. 94720; 1965-1969. U.S. Department of Health, Education and Wel- An "historical examination of West Point as fare; Completion dateFall 1968. a national, professional, technical, and higher A study of the need for internationalizing the educational institution in the early twentieth professional schools curriculum, noting numbers century. The problem is to determine the nature, of students in professional fields who receiveextent, and causation of institutional change overseas exposure during their training, reasons from 1900-1925, related to change in other for studying abroad, changing attitudes of pro- similar institutions." fessionals, trend towards sending corporation executives and other professionals overseas. Re- PALMER, DAVE R. ports the aims, disciplines included, and devel- The River and the Rock; The History of Fortress opment of the Berkeley program which began West Point in the American Revolutionary War, in spring, 1967. 1775-1783

96 Structures Department of Military Art and Engineering, TAYLOR, ROBERT S. U.S. Military Academy, West Point, N.Y.; Insti- tutional; 1967-1968. Concept of an Experimenting and Teaching College Library A comprehensive historical study portraying the history of West Point during the American Hampshire College, Amherst, Mass.; Institutu- Revolutionary War and treatingthehisto- tional & U.S. Office of Education; June 1967 riography of New York, of West Point, and of . the American Army, to issue in a publication of An exploratory study using the simulation about 400 pages in , by Greenwood technique as well as descriptive data "to provide Press, New York. an intellectual and empirical base for new and enriched departures in the interaction between a PETERSON, MARVIN W. (Dissertation) college library and its academic environment, Organizational Study of Units in the Productive using an experimenting institution, Hampshire Subsystems of the University College,asthe context." One approach to "changing the college library from its present Center for the Study of Higher Education, Univer- function as a warehouse to a more dynamic... sity of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich.48104; U.S. role in the educational process," which includes Office of Education & Institutional & Personal; systems for processing, and models for library November 1967August 1968. development relevant to curricular change. A descriptive study of twelve departments and research units in the University of Michigan, by TICKTON, SIDNEY G. means of questionnaire and formal data on personnel, finances and students, "to concep- Detroit Institute of Technology tualize an open system model of departments Academy for Educational Development, Com- centers, research units, and similar units in the merce City, Cob.; Institutional; May 1967 university... and to test relationships of 'open- January 1968. ness and structural complexity.' " The researcher will suggest "implications for the effective orga- A study of the Detroit Institute of Tech- nization of activities within the unit and the way nology, by means of interviews and administra- in which each unitfitsthe totaluniversity tive staff, executives of industries and businesses system." in the Detroit area, administrators of colleges and universities in the Detroit area, and an RIDGE, JOHN W. analysis of statistical and financial data of the Institute, to prepare a year-by-year plan for the Indices of College Organization: An Interpersonal development of the Institute up to 1980. Communication Nets Overlay Model Institutional Research, Wisconsin State Univer- TROYER, M. (Sponsor), AND sity, Eau Claire, Wis.54701;Personal; 1965 JACK CLARCQ (Dissertation) December 1968. Perceptions of Students and Staff Relating to An exploratory effort, using available litera- Purposes of Undergraduate Residence Halls on ture and an oral survey of 100 faculty members Selected Public College Campuses (n New York in a small college, to use a "communication nets State overlay model," to develop measures of the bureaucratic and collegial aspects of the struc- School of Education, Syracuse University, Syra- turing of a higher education institution. A con- cuse, N. Y.; Personal; September 1966-1968. ceptual base is generated upon which are based the structural indices which can be used subse- A project to discover congruencies and incon- quently in correlation studies with measures of gruencies between perceptions of students and other institutional characteristics. residence hall staff concerning: 1) the purposes of the dormitory, 2) dormitory operation in rela- tion to purposes, and 3) the purposes dormitories SHAWHAN, GERALD L. ought to serve. The generation gap was charac- Attitudes of Students and Recent Graduates terized by one or more of a combination of the Concerning Library Facilities following :1) more congruencies on specific items than expected,2) the generation gap Universityof Cincinnati, 105Administration dependent upon a considerable number of minor Building, Cincinnati, Ohio45221;Institutional; November 1967Spring 1968. incongruencies in significant differences but in the same direction on the scale, 3) major incon- A project to assist the library planning com- gruencies on a few items, and 4) major incon- mitteeinprogramming new and improvedgruencies on a considerable number of items library facilities. between small minorities and the staff.

97 IndividualInstitutional Studies TULANE UNIVERSITY conducive to experimentation with curricula, Planning of New Medical Center and Curriculum teaching procedures, staffing arrangements, inde- School of Medicine, TulaneUniversity, New pendent study and a new educational tech- Orleans,La.70118; Commonwealth Fund; nology." 1965-1968. "The planning of an entirely new and enlarged medical center and the preparation ofa revised curriculum. The two planning projectsare inter- 1966-1967 RESEARCH dependent, since the medical center's facilities will be designed for compatibility with the DUPUY, TREVOR curricular revisions as well as for efficiency." "Study to Develop a Research Program forthe DesignDevelopmentofModernCollege WHITESIDE, WILLIAM B. Libraries." Research in Education, November Evaluation of the Senior Center Program and 1967(11), 2. its Implications for Bowdoin College An investigation of the possibilities forfuture Bowdoin College, Brunswick, Maine 04011; July library development and the opportunitiesfor 1968May 1969. more closely integrating library service with the educational process. The objective is An evaluative study of the "educational effec- to ascertain the extent to which a researchprogram can be tiveness of the... activities provided for Bow- formulated to develop from inception doin seniors in the Senior Center." At the end a com- of itsfirst four years as a part of Bowdoin pletely modern library for anew four-year liberal College, and "to consider the implications of arts college, to the end that a practical laboratory and demonstration model librarycould be the senior program for the entire fouryears with created, using and implementing the respect to curriculum, living arrangements, etc." proven new Using past reports of Senior Center library and information storage, retrieval,and Faculty transfer techniques that have been involved in Council, interviews and questionnaires involving recent years. about 950 students plus faculty and alumni in group discussions, the current director of the Center v'411 evaluate the senior seminars (formal) SOUTHERLAND, ARTHUR RAY and visiting lecturers, discussions,concerts, fac- "Essentials of Internal Design andArrange- ulty meal privileges and other informal activities ment of College and University Music Build- as liberal studies in a small college setting. ings."Dissertation Abstracts A, 27(8), 2293 2294. University Microfilms, Inc., AnnArbor, WOODRING, PAUL Mich., 1966.

Planning of Fairhaven Collegeat A study to discover, evaluate and rankper- Western Washington State College tinent essentials of internal design andarrange- Western Washington State College, Bellingham, ment for college and university music buildings. Wash, 99163; State of Washington; Completion The study was limited to accredited musicde- dateFall 1968. partments, having at least 60 percent of their graduates entering teaching, with seventyor A description of the development ofa "satel- more music majors and minors enrolled, and lite college of Western Washington State Col- having a building completed during 1955to 1965. lege," using a new combination of approaches, Five buildings were visited and studied.Con- "many of which are in operation inone place or siderable variety was noted among the college another but not in a State College suchas ours. and university music buildings. Faculty opinions ...It seems likely that Western somedaywill played a great part in determining which build- become a university. Already it hasan expand- ings were essential, desirableor undesirable. ing graduate program, a professionalprogram of Features found in at least half the buildings teacher education . .. and an enrollment of 6,100. studied were considered essential if theywere Fairhaven's enrollment will not exceed 600stu- favored or not refuted by the faculty. Items dents, it will provide a superior quality ofliberal found in less than a majority of the buildings, education at a cost no higher to eitherstudents and toward which the faculty were either only or taxpayers than that of a conventional educa- mildly tolerant or opposed were deemedun- tion in a State institution." It has "an atmosphere desirable.

98 Structures Chapter V FUNCTIONS

Projects listed under this category relateto a characteristic action of the edu- cational structureteaching, research,etc., with the emphasis of the studyper- ceived by inventory personnel to bemore on the "role" than on the "actor."

CURRICULUMGENERALbyindividual schools orgroups of schools, or,bydivisions or other cross-disciplinary "cuts" ofan institution's curriculum.

CURRENT RESEARCH plemental elements. It seeks to demonstrate how these two sets of elements closely interact and ALEXANDER, R. S. strongly influence one another, and thatsome Format Study elements can only be reformed as the others changed. Industrial Design, DepartmentofArt, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Mich.; Comple- 6 BEARD, RUTH M. tion date-1972. Group Discussion Methods in University A project involving "... creative exploration directed toward the design of new thought- Science Department models . .. such as nine dimensional charting, University Teaching Methods, InstituteofEduca- cylindrical charting and a room charting method tion,UniversityofLondon, London, England; that records and amplifies the effectiveness ofLeverhulme Trust; June 1966June 1968. both drain-storming and analyzing sessions." Beginning with the use of art and design media, A questionnaire survey description of the use the "researcher" has been exploring formats, of group discussioninseveraldepartments both two- and three-dimensional, in sucha way (science, engineering, social sciences), to inquire as to reinforce subject through format paral- into aims of Faculty, how method fits the course, lelism or format tension. Basic thought has led time spent in discussion, other aids used,pre- to further inquiry about format, for example, liminaryandfollowupworkbystudents, meeting and conference format, environmental methods of assessement and ways of improve- format, school-year format (symmetricalyear ment of small group teaching by professors. and asymmetrical year) and circular calendar as Dissemination of novel methods among faculty. a "more reasonable thought development for- mat." Helps to raise basic questions about BEARD, RUTH M. higher education assumptions and context. DifficultiesofAfro-Asian Students in Comprehensionof AXELROD, JOSEPH Language Model Building for Undergraduate Colleges InstituteofEducation,UniversityofLondon, London, England; Research Unit on University Center for Research and Development in Higher Teaching Methods, British Council; Fall 1967 Education, UniversityofCalifornia, 1947 Center 1970. Street, Berkeley, Calif.; U.S. Office of Educa- tion; 1967-1968. A descriptive and departmental study for identifying "difficulties of Afro-Asian students An investigation of problems related to the in comprehending oral and written English or in development of new colleges and to the reform understanding diagrams, statistical tables and of existing ones, "for use by curriculum planners graphs, and concurrent development of remedial and innovators in undergraduate colleges." This work to alleviate these difficulties." Written and project identifies two sets of elements inevery taped medical passages, medical vocabulary, curriculum model: structural elements and im- tapes of colloquial expressions used by patients 99 CurriculumGeneral in hospital ... testsof comprehension of graphi- able to compensate by diligent study and prac- cal and diagnostic illustration in medical articles tice or because of special opportunities such as

... drawnfrom 15 postgraduate medical schools study abroad. Males and females were equal in will be used for developing remedial work for language-learningability.Studentsatlarger medical students of Afro-Asian background. institutions outperformed those at smaller ones, and students at private institutions did better BEVAN, JOHN than those at public ones. (Four figures and eleven tables are included.) Approaches to Study Abroad College Student Personnel Institute,University CERVELLINI, A. GALI, S. AND of the Pacific, Stockton, Calif.; Institutional; 0. VALSECHI 1967-1968. Curriculum Evaluation in Agircultural Sciences Data from 125 colleges on their approaches to (Brazil) study abroad. Include an examination of junior year abroad programs, semester programs, sum- Agriculture Faculty, The University of Sao Paulo, mer semester programs, summer cultural insti- Caixa Postal 8191, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Institu- tutes, and inter-term programs abroad. tional; 1967-1969. An exploratory study, using questionnaires BRIMER, ALAN AND EDITH COPE and interviews with 1,000 students at the School Functions of School Practice in Courses of of Agriculture in Sao Paulo toward the estab- Teacher Education lishment of a model curriculum for agricultural sciences in Brazil. Department of Education and Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, England; Department of Edu- COWARD, H. ROBERTS cation and Science; 1965-1970. The Political-Military Exercise as Teaching A two-stage project, the first stage of which Device in Political Science examined the teacher (practice teaching) proce- dures at two colleges of education to sort out Division of Special Interdisciplinary Studies, Case the functions of practice teaching. The second Western ReserveUniversity,Cleveland,Ohio and developmental stage involves a third college 44106; U.S. Office of Education; November of education, aiming to devise strategies involv- 1966August 1968. ing teachers, college faculty, and student teachers "The 'political-military exercise,' a simulation in varying levels of responsibility for student edu- technique, will be developed for supplementary cation and to develop the liaison between "prac- use in college courses emphasizing international tice schools" and the college. relations and foreignpolicy.Effortwill be divided into two overlapping parts--1) prepara- CARROLL, JOHN B. tion of a teaching manual to be used in ad- Proficiency of Foreign Language Majors ministering the exercise and 2) development of a near Graduation syllabus to be used with the teaching manual in Graduate School of Education, Harvard Univer- political science research and instruction. The sity, Cambridge, Mass.; U.S. Office of Educa- project will extend over five academic quarters." tion; 1965-1967. CRUICKSHANK, D. R., AND MLA Foreign Language Proficiency Tests for F. W. BROADBENT Teachers and Advanced Students were ad- ministered in 1965 to 2,782 seniors majoring in Simulation and Analysis of Problems of French, German, Italian, Russian, or Spanish at Beginning Teachers 203 institutions. The resulting data provided new Graduate School, State University of New York, evidence on a number of issues significant in the Brockport, N.Y.; U.S.Office of Education; selection and training of future language teach- 1967-1968. ers, though conclusions must be drawn with caution. Audio-lingual skills were generally low. A developmental program of early simulated Even brief time spent abroad had a potent effect exposure of teacher-trainees to the elementary on a student's language skills. Students of French classroom. "The effects of a preservice education or Spanish who started the language in ele- program which exposes beginning teachers to mentary school tended to have an advantage simulated students and classroom environments over other majors. Those from homes where the will be evaluated with respect to personal effi- foreign language was spoken attained greater ciency in later student teaching. The project will: competence. Foreign language aptitude is a fac- 1) simulate a fifth grade classroom, 2) expose un- tor significantly associated with the level of skill dergraduate teacher education students to the attained, but many low-aptitude students are pre-planned experience during a two-week all-

100 Functions 0

day program, and 3) then, follow the selected modify its... programfor project teachers to subjects through their student teaching. Follow- include 1) a one-year seminar in theory and up analyses will focus upon the subjects' class- research pertaining to the cultural patterns and room skill, their attitudes toward teaching, and education needs of socially disadvantaged chil- their self-concept." (Cruickshank's address: Col- dren, 2) a concentrated six-week field experience lege of Education,University of Tennessee, in an inner-city social agency, 3) courses for Knoxville,Tennessee;Broadbent'saddress: primary teachers in special curricula in arith- School of Education, Drake University, Des metic,science,and reading,4)trainingin Moines, Iowa.) methods of using an experimental elementary guidance program, and 5) special methods for DEVISSE, JEAN the pre-kindergarten curriculum. After com- pletingthe senior year and the subsequent West Africa in the 7th to 12th Centuries summer, each project teacher will be assigned to Faculty of Letters,University of Lille,Lille, one of several North Philadelphia Inner-city France; Mauritania and Senegal Governments; elementary schools . .." Completion date-1968. A historical study of West African culture GATCHEL, RICHARD H. apparently carried out through archeological ex- A Study of Freedom in American Higher cavations, bringing together French and African Education students in research seminars and regarded as an Center for Research and Development in Higher educational innovation contributing not only Education,University of California, Berkeley, tothe reorganization and understanding of Calif. 94720; American Baptist Convention & African history from an earlier period but also United Presbyterian Church (U.S.) & Protestant to help accomplish the same end in the present Episcopal Church & ; time. Black Africans and white Europeans from July 1966December 1968. a variety of academic disciplines use a historical case method with contributions from each of the An exploratory documentary search and field separate disciplines. study involving interviews with students, faculty members, administrators, and trustees at 10 to DUBOIS, PHILIP 12 colleges and universities in California and Oregon, toidentify "freedoms and freedom Instructional Techniques for Adult College Credit issues in American Higher Education, to con- Courses struct guidelines ... for thepractice, protection, Graduate School, Pullman, Washington 99163; and provocation of such freedoms as appear U.S. Office of Education; 1967. appropriate to the pursuit of humane learning." Approaches freedoms "in relation to the 'proper' Partly a developmental project which will work of American colleges and universities, their make available a variety of campus facilities for local government and governance, their inter- learning, but leave the student free to choose action with various publics, and their movement whether or not to use those facilities. Includes toward universal higher education." an experimental comparison of adult students taking certain university courses in psychology, GEIS, GEORGE L. measuring scholastic aptitude, biographical vari- ates, and knowledge of subject matter. "Experi- Developing Self-Instruction Materials mental section will offer certain optional pro- Center for Research on Learning & Teaching, grams for learning, but include textbooks to be University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich. 48104; used as the basis for a final examination (identical Institutional. for all sections)." A developmental project with students and numerousprofessorsattheUniversityof EBERMAN, PAUL W. Michigan. "This is not a formal study but a School-University Program for Recruiting Inner- series of joint activities beginning with training City Elementary School Teachers and workshop for faculty and continuing as they develop materials" for self instruction. College of Education, Temple University, Phila- Workshops are evaluated by stair and partici- delphia, Pa, 19122; U.S. Office of Education; pants; materials for students are tested against 1967-1970. appropriate teacher-made tests. The main point A modification of the teacher preparation pro- apparently is to involve the instructors them- gram (Temple University) with the objective ofselvesthe regular facultyin "expanding their increasing "the number of beginning teachers teaching role" and using their own expertise in who will accept jobs in the Philridelphia inner- creating the devices by which students may study city schools with the expectation of continuing. independently. Faculty members range from Beginning in the junior year, the college will graduate students to full professors.

101 CurriculumGeneral GOLDBERG, MAXWELL H. graph entitled The Internationalizing of American Higher Education, will be completed by Octo- Technological Change and the Humonities: ber 1, 1968. "Findings are intended to contribute Impacts and Implications to the theory of educational innovation by: Center for Continuing Liberal Education, Penn- 1)indicating mechanisms for the institution- sylvania State University, University Park, Pa. alizing of new educational fields...and 2) iso- 16802; September 1967August 1968. lating patterns of structural change.. .within Research seeking to provide historical as well institutions." as current comparative descriptions of the im- pacts of technological change (especially cyber- GURIN, ARNOLD, AND nation) on the humanitiesdisciplines. Data ROBERT PERLMAN derived from questionnaires and interviews with Community Organization Curriculum "lay groups involved in continuing liberal edu- Development (Social Work) cation for adults," campus population, andHeller Graduate School, BrandeisUniversity, othersources.Anticipatescontributionto Waltham, Mass. 92154; Department of Health, "strengthening the humanities . . .especially Education and Welfare & Office of Juvenile interdisciplinary .. ." programs. Deliquency; June 1965June 1969. GOUGH, HARRISON G., AND A project to develop a curriculum for the WILLIAM A. McCORMACK training of social workers "for professional rolesin community organization and social Predicting Performance Abroad planning. . . based on theoretical. . . and Institute of Personality Assessment and Research, empirical investigation." Projected publications University of California, Berkeley, Calif.; Depart- include a final report with recommendations on ment of Health, Education, and Welfare & curriculum content and organization, and a text- Institutional; September 1964February 1968. book accompanied by case material. An empirical study using psychometric, inter- HALTTUNEN, WILLIAM R. view, life history, and other data on 250 univer- sitystudentsparticipatinginan education- Evolution of the Curriculum for Preparation of abroad program in France, Germany, Italy, Secondary Teachers in Pennsylvania State Normal Japan, Spain, and the United Kingdom. Specific Schools, Teacher Colleges and State Colleges aims of the study include: 1) analyses of criteria Halttunen, William R., 340 Vine Street. New for evaluating performance overseas; 2) determi- Wilmington, Pa.; Personal; nation of differences between qualified students Spring 1969. who do and do not apply to the program; 3) de- A historical inquiry "to study the discernible termination of differences between applicants trends and persis, ent principles... which may who are and are not selected; and 4) examination offer clues to the nature of past secondary of experimental and personological factors re- teacher preparation and which may serve as a lated to higher and lower levels of satisfaction base for formulation of rational programs for with the year of overseas study. the future (in teacher preparation)." Includes visits to and a survey of documents at all 14 state GUMPERZ, ELLEN M. colleges in Pennsylvania. Curriculum and Organization: Effects of Area Studies HAMILL, CHARLES 0. Center for Research and Development in Higher Experimental Teacher Education Project Education,University of California, Berkeley, Division of Evaluation, Department of Education, Calif.; U.S. Office of Education; Completion Puerto Rico; Ford Foundation & Puerto Rico dateOctober 1968. Department of Education; August 1965June "The appearance of numerous interdisciplin- 1968, ary programs concerned with East and South A descriptive field evaluation of 150 teacher Asia and Africa in American colleges and uni- trainees who completed a special program at the versities has posed an organizational problemUniversity of Puerto Rico, using evaluations by for institutions made up of discipline-oriented supervisors,schoolprincipals,and students departments.... Research compares case studies where they are now teaching,plusseveral of three colleges and three universities in different standardized tests in Spanish, "to evaluate the sections of the United States which have spe- effectiveness with which the experimental pro- cialized in one or more of these areas.. . in- gram is meeting its goals." Preliminary findings cluding both private and state supported institu- indicate that more well qualified persons may be tions... and history of the development of area attracted and trained in teaching under the new studies in American higher education." Mono- program than under the former one.

102Functions HAVENS, LEONARD M. A description of the pass/fail option now Me Merit of College Art Courses vis-a-vis being tried or considered by numerous higher Other Humanities Courses educational institutions. A report on "the status of pass/fail options at 22 colleges and univer- Art Department, Northeastern University, Boston, sities," plus a statement from California Institute Mass. 02115; Personal; September 1966June of Technology are currently undergoing discus- 1970. sion by the faculty at University of Massachu- An experimental study of students inthe setts. Evaluation will continue and include in- humanities, using two standardized tests withformal research into purposes and aims of 800 students, "to determine if there is a mea- prividing the option. surable difference in students' ability to make aesthetic judgments as a result of being exposed HILLIER, KENNETH to college art courses," using initially a course in Coursesin Which Economic Informationis the history of art. "Study should validate the Taught at Eastern New University inclusion of art courses in the curricula.. ." Eastern New Mexico University, Porta les, N.M. HAWKES, GLENN W. 88130; Personal; Completion date-1968. Philosophical and Historical Rationale for An attempt to ascertain whether economic Problems of Democracy Course information is being taught in a university of approximately 4,000 students, andin what Graduate School of Education, Harvard Univer- sity, Cambridge, Mass. 02138; U.S. Office of courses, using inventory of concepts by National Council on Economic Education. Education; 1967-1968. "A new approach in teaching the problems of HORNE, B. C., AND B. WISE democracy course of the social studies curricu- lum ...will be developed on the basis of a Teaching and Learning in Business Studies and philosophical and historical rationale. Relevant Engineering in Colleges of Advanced Education material on the nature and social utility of 1968-1970 history will be researched. Selected findings and AustralianCouncil for Educational Research, interpretationsinhistoryandothersocial Hawthorn East 2, Victoria, Australia; Common- sciences will be examined for developing the wealth of Australia; 1967-1969. experimental curriculum. Units for a portion of the proposed new course will be drawn up and A study reporting the background of the stu- taught experimentally." dents concerned, and describing objectively the teaching and learning situation, in the first ter- HEDDENDORF, RUSSELL tiary year of courses in Accountancy and Engi- neering in Colleges of Advanced Education. Teacher Effectiveness and Professionality (As it Develops Through Training) 0 JELAVICH, CHARLES Geneva College, Beaver Falls, Pa. 15010; U.S. Office of Education. Language and Area Studies for East Central and "Personality characteristics associated with South East Europe the teacher's role and training will be studied, American Council of Learned Societies, New using a research instrument developed using York, N.Y.; U.S. Office of Education; 1967 factor analysis for the two components of effec- 1968. tiveness and two of professionality and the Cat- Survey of "1) instruction in East European tell 16 P F Test administered to the total popula- languages, 2) East European area studies in the tion of education majors (147) in the professional American educational system atthe under- training programs at Westminster College & graduate, graduate, and post-doctoral levels, and Geneva College." Changes in attitudes will be 3) the role which universities, colleges, private measured at the end of the training program. foundations, and the federal government can Additional analysis of data will test the validity assume in this endeavor." of six hypotheses and provide theoretical in- sights concerning the nature of professional values in education. JOHNSON, B. LAMAR Survey of Innovative Developments in HEWITT, RAYMOND G. Junior College Instruction The Pass-Fail Grading Option Graduate School of Education, Area of Higher Office of InstitutionalStudies,University of Education, University of California, Los Angeles, Massachusetts, Amherst, Mass. 01003; Institu- Calif.; Esso Education Foundation & Institu- tional; 1967-1968. tional; January 1967September 1968.

103 CurriculumGenera1

p.__ . This field study of some 240 junior colleges Loyola University,Chicago,Ill.60611; U.S. across the United States, including visits to 76 Office of Education; 1967-1969. junior colleges in 22 states and conferences with representatives of 80 additional colleges, is an A definition of needed competencies for teach- effort to "identify new developments in instruc- ers will be used to create an objective test, to be tion which are reported to be effective and to administeredto "a representative sample of identify conditions which encourage and condi- graduating seniors in teacher education pro- tions which interfere with innovations in junior grams ... Test data will be analyzed in terms of college instruction." The data are derived from discrepancies between what competencies pros- pective teachers interviews, visits to classes, examination of in- actuallypossess and those needed. .. structional facilities, and reports on instructional . A followup of seniors with a second developmentsincluding evaluation. test two years after graduation will indicate changes in competencies .. . related to inter- vening experiences." JONES, THOMAS M. Curriculum Review and Modification McNEUR, RONALD W. (Lincoln University) The Uses of New Knowledge University Committee on Curriculum, Lincoln Department of Higher Edtsmtion, 475 Riverside University, Lincoln University, Pa. 19352; Insti- Drive, New York, N.Y.; National Council of tutional; 1966June 1968. Churches; 1968-1970. A review of "the total structure and content "Commission III"willsurveysignificant of the curriculum at Lincoln University... and changes that have taken place in the structure of recommendations for changes and modifica- tion." knowledge, and in the production of a "vast amount of new knowledge," the uses of which have profound implications for man and in JONES, THOMAS M. which "certain basic anthropological, theological New Curriculum Project and ethical questions are inherent." Questions (For Disadvantaged Freshmen) to be raised: "What are the implications of existential and participatory (rather than strictly Curriculum Development Commission, Lincoln objective) factors in new types of knowledge? University, Lincoln University, Pa. 19352; Insti- How can education. . . develop responsible tutional; 1967-1968. men? What are the elements of responsibility "In 1967-68 an experimental program for a that are conducive to the good of man and group of one hundred freshmen is being con- society?" ducted. The results of this experiment will help todetermine new ways of presenting basic MINOGUE, WILLIAM J. D. subject matter to students from inadequate high Comparative Study of Current Trends in Teacher school backgrounds." Education with Special Reference toSelected Pacific Countries KERSH, BERT Y., AND CARL J. WALLEN East West Center, Honolulu, Hawaii; September Low Cost Instructional Simulation Material for 1967May 1968. Teacher Education Oregon StateSystem of Higher Education, MOORE, J. WILLIAM Monmouth, Oreg. 97361; U.S. Office of Educa- The Bucknell Plan for Teacher Education tion; 1966-1969. EducationDepartment,BucknellUniversity, "Development of two sets of instructional Lewisburg, Pa. 17837; Institutional; 1966. simulation materials for use in teacher educa- tion, modeled after the classroom simulation A developmental program for the preparation materials already developed by Kersh. One of teachers "who act as scientists in the resolu- deals with problems of teaching subject matter, tion of instructional problems in the classroom." and the other with problems of classroom man- Challenges the implicit assumption that the agement. Classrooms of grade four through six unique characteristic of the learner ("teaching will be simulated. Includes classroom filming the gifted," "teaching the slow learner") may be and materials, and "preliminary trial with story treated as a single variable. Seeks to develop boards." teachers with "knowledge of a comprehensive theory of instruction... which would have a MAYO, SAMUEL T. highly transferable rationale that will enable him to 'manipulate various variables so as to Preservice Preparation of Teachers in produce optimal learning activities for each Educational Measurement individual' "an instructional reseacher "with

104Funct!ans

mu, 777 - every learning problem for every student be- popular fields? What are the weaknesses appa- coming a research problem." Emphasizes indi- rent in the new system? Also of interest are vidualization of instruction, opportunity to ac- personality factors which discriminate between quire sociological and psychological concepts choosers and non-choosers of the new pass-fail which relate to learning in a research context, option. laboratory experience as a classroom researcher to replace practice teaching, and reconsideration PONNIAH, S. V. J. ofthequalificationsfolprofessionalstaff A Comparative Curriculum Study: Performance of members. Malay People in Two Different Types of Prepara- tion for the Lower Certificate of Education MOORE, J. WILLIAM University of thePhilippines,Dilman,Rizal, The Continuous Progress Program Philippines; Ministry of Education, ; 1967. EducationDepartment,BucknellUniversity, Lewisburg, Pa. 17837; Carnegie Corporation; A comparative description "... to supply data Fall, 1965. for the guidance of administrations who wish to create a realistic educational program, taking A program to develop instructional programs into account the needs of the country. It was in departments of biology, psychology, religion, found that Malay candidates in the English philosophy, and physics placing emphasis on the medium obtain better results than Malay candi- mastery of a discipline, allowing for great vari- dates in the Malay medium." ation of individual student characteristicsin terms of ability, experience, motivation, etc., and POOL, ITHIEL DE SOLA permitting the use of part or all of a second semester to complete a traditionally scheduled A General Social Science Course for Natural one-semestercourseandprovidingbuilt-in Science and Engineering Undergraduates means for evaluating the effectiveness of the School of Humanities and Social Science, Massa- teaching. "The Bucknell Program permits stu- chusettsInstituteof Technology,Cambridge, dents to work on instructional sequences at a Mass. 02139; U.S. Office of Education; 1967. time suitable to them rather than during the A project to develop a social science course regularly scheduled period." for sophomores majoring in engineering or natu- ral sciences, to be nationwide in application, PARKER, GEORGE, AND "introducing a comprehension of the methods ROBERT HELMREICH and insights of social science to the disciplines Comparison of Methods of Large of science. [Program] ...consists of curriculum Undergraduate Instruction enrichment and research effort." Experimental and control groups tested during and after PsychologyDepartment,University of Texas, course. Austin, Tex. 78712; Institutional; Spring 1967 Summer 1968. SACK, SAUL (Sponsor), AND A field experiment involving1,200 under- WILLIAM HALTTUNEN (Dissertation) graduatesin Introductory Psychology, using Evolution of the Curriculum for Preparation of course examinations, standardized scales (for Secondary School Teachers in Pennsylvania State example, Allport Vernon-Lindsey) "to assess im- Normal Schools and Teachers Colleges pact of various teaching methods on formal Graduate School of Education, University of Penn- content learning, attitudes, meaningfulness of sylvania, Philadelphia, Pa. 19104; Personal; Com- material, ..." Evaluation of techniques in terms pletion date-1968. of costs, impact, involvement, etc. A historical study.

PASCAL, CHARLES E. STILIES, LINDLEY J. The Pass-Fail Option at University of Michigan Teacher Education and Certification Center for Research on Learning and Teaching, Massachusetts Advisory Council on Education, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich. 48104; 182 Tremont St., Boston, Mass. 02111; State of Institutional; 1967-1968. Massachusetts; September 1967June 1968. A questionnaire survey and evaluation of the Descriptive field study using questionnaires new pass-fail option (1967) and its uses by a and interviews with 5,000 teachers and admin- sample of undergraduates in the College of Let- istrators in Massachusetts teacher training insti- ters and Science. Have students been encouraged tutions to "devise more relevant, resilient ways by it to venture into curricular areas they might toeducate and certifyteachers" leading to not otherwise sample? Which become the most "major changes in teacher education."

105 CurriculumGeneral STONE, LAWRENCE to achieve problem-solving orientations as dis- tinct from more limited disciplinary ones." Three Year Seminar on History of Education "Separate panels will assess the strengths and Davis Center for History Studies, Princeton Uni- weaknesses in each of ten disciplines: anthro- versity, Princeton, N.J.; Institutional; 1968 pology,economics,geography,history,lin- 1970. guistics, political science, psychiatry, psychology, sociology and statistics. The Survey Committee Development of a three year-long seminar on is under the auspices of the National Academy the "history of education at all levels, and from of Sciences, National Research Council and the all points of view, social, economic, and intel- Social Research Council. lectual." The Davis Center for Historical Studies will invite a "limited number of scholars from other countries" to participate in the seminar. WALTER, RALPH A Decimal System of Classification of THOMSEN, OLE B. College Courses The Curricula of the University of Copenhagen Department of Education, Montclair State Col- 1788-1965 lege,Upper Montclair, N.J. 07043; Personal; September 1963September 1968. Department of Higher Education, Institute of Theoretical Pedagogics,University of Copen- An analysis of college courses as listed in 425 hagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Personal; Fall separate college catalogs, and the development 1966Fall 1970. of a Dewey-like classification system for identify- ing "any course by its classification number," in A historical case study using documents of the order to "facilitate the evaluation and transfer Danish university to bring out the educational of student course credits without an elaborate ideas underlying the academic programs of the exploration of college catalogs to determine University and in this way describe the educa- course equivalents. It will also lend itself to the tional philosophy of the Danish university. use of data processing and computerized treat- ment of records." VIEDER MAN, STEPHEN Behavioral and Social Sciences Survey WILLSEY, ALAN, AND JERRY L. PARSONS Behavioral and Social Sciences Survey Com- mittee,1755MassachusettsAvenue,N.W., Fifty Course Study Washington, D.C. 20036; National Institute of Office of Institutional Research, State University Health& National Science Foundation & Russel of New York, Buffalo, N.Y. 14214; Institutional; Sage Foundation; January 1, 1967June 30, March 19'6January 1968. 1969. An expluratory, descriptive study using infor- A descriptive study of 10 academic disciplines, mation from : 1) 298 questionnaires sent to teach- using data from questionnaire sent to Ph.D.- ing assistants and faculty who teach a certain 50 granting departments in behavioral and socialcourses (undergraduate) and 2) 780 data forms sciences as well as to university administrators, to administration offices providing information computer centers, research institutes and pro- on instructional personnel. Aims to identify top- fessional schools, to provide "a basis for anranking 50 courses by total number student informed national policy for strengthening and credit hours (these 50 are 81/2 70 of total number developing these fields." The study will: 1) re- of courses and represent 58 70 of instruction in view recent developments in each field, 2) at- terms of student credit hours), describe instruc- tempt assessement of opportunities and needs tional process in each course, attempt to analyze in future, 3) clarify interrelations of basic and both instructor and process, according to se- applied research, and 4) indicate how these lected variables, as groundwork for "long-term sciences "might best be used in dealing with investigation into the instructional process" at social problems"... indisciplines listed. Data one university. being collected to assess size of present enter- prise of these sciences, and to offer projections of future growth, including manpower in teach- WONG, RUTH HIE-KING ing and research, recruitment and training of Teacher Education in Malaysia: 1946 to Present graduate students, financing of research and East-West Center, Honolulu, Hawaii; August teaching, facilities and space. "Developments 1967-1968. within disciplines will be viewed in the light of interdisciplinary activities and of various at- An evaluation of the professional preparation tempts both inside and outside the universities of teachers in Malaysia over two deiades.

106 Functions A project to: I) define a course of study con- 1966-1967 RESEARCH taining a theoretically unified set of objectives providing an opportunity for the student to BOLAND, WALTER REED develop his Lbilities to the level required for "American Institutions of Higher Education." college; 2) involve the college in an institutional Dissertation Abstracts A, 27(7), 2201. University effort to produce valued developments in cur- Microfilms, Inc., Ann Arbor, Mich., 1966. riculum aimed toward the solution of a common A study of the relationship between size and problem within junior colleges; 3) get students the degree of organizational elaboration inall involved in creative and remedial activities so publicly supported, four-year degree granting that they can be led to clarify and re-evaluate colleges and universities as well as a few privately educational and vocational goals. The course of supported institutions of higher learning in the study was developed and used in an experimen- United States, using questionnaires. Of these, tal and control group study at Pasadena City 115 public and 15 private institutions completed College. According to essay ratings and evalua- questions. Three facets of organizational spe- tive statements by teachers, students committed cialization which were examined were organiza- to educational-vocational goals showed statis- tional complexity, administrative specialization, tically significant improvement in the experi- and centralization. The results supportedthe mental group as compared with the control general hypothesis that organizational size aad group. It was found that the experimental group organizational elaboration or specialization are was more flexible in experimentingwith possible monotonically related, that is, as size increases educational-vocational goals by a 4:1 ratio. The organizational elaboration alsoincreases. In- conclusion is drawn that a methods course can truding factors were not found to have any pro- free teachers of remedial courses from the present nounced effect on this relationship, andthe practice of reinforcing previously acquired poor relationship holds no matter what facet of spe- study habits and permit the primary objective cialization is being considered. It was concluded to be the diagnosis and remedy of the learning that the equilibrium model of a relatively stable deficiencies of student3. relationship between size and organizational elaboration provides an adequate descriptionof GROHSMEYER, F2EDERICK most of the colleges anduniversities investi- "Two Techniques for Teaching Scientific Meth- gated; that colleges and universities ofsimilar od in Introductory Psychology Laboratories sizes tended to be similar inorganizational Phase I, Development of the Evaluation Instru- specialization; and that size, organizational spe- ments."ResearchinEducation,December cialization and amount of environment substance 1967(12), 4. were shown to vary together,thus providing A study of student attitude and change and the support for the ecological notion of theinter- learning of a generalizable scientific method, dependence of population, organization, and using two different introductory, college psy- environment. chology laboratory settings. Two sequences of teaching the scientific method have been used, BLACKBURN, ROBERT T. each followed by video taping to allow analysis "General Education in the Liberal Arts Col- of information transfer and social interactions. leges." New Dimensions in HigherEducation, A reduction of guidance, or cue-fading procedure April 1967(24), U.S. Office of Health, Educa- has been compared with a technique emphasizing tion, and Welfare. analysis and practice on aspects of the scientific method. Evaluation of the outcomes was made A current assessment of the status of general in relation to: 1) grades in the course, 2) ability education in liberal arts college, general educa- to handle the last laboratory problem, 3) scores tion being identified with the developmentof on a specially developed criterion test,4) stu- specialcross-disciplinarycourses.Concludes dent evaluations of the course, 5) a semantic that the general education movement is nolonger differential test on student attitudes. Results of effective. This is due, among other things, to the various kinds of laboratory experiencehave lack of qualified faculty committed to the move- also been studied in relation to such individual ment, and the increase in numbersof students variables as college majors, grade point averages, with varied characteristics. and professional plans, to determine howthese variables interact with the various kinds of labo- DAVIS, ELTON CHARLES ratory experience to producedifferent kinds of "A Creative Curricular and EvaluativeModel outcomes. Prepared for College Level Remedial Programs." PROCTOR, SAMUEL D. Dissertation Abstracts A, 27(6), 1701-1702.Uni- versity Microfilms, Inc Ann Arbor, Mich., "A General Education CurriculumRevision ProjectA Two-Year Program of Curriculum 1966.

107 CurrieulumGeneral If

DevelopmentwithSelectedPredominantly Education at Berkeley.Berkeley, Calif.: Univer- Negro Colleges." ResearchinEducation, No- sity of California, 1966. vember 1967(11), 5. A report of a massive study of the Berkeley A study, completed in July 1968, of the extent campus of the University of California. In April to which newly developed and relevant curri- 1965,nine-tenths of asample of studcnts, culum materials, together with innovative peda- selected with care to represent the entire student gogical techniques, can overcome the deficiencies body agreed that they were satisfied with courses, of a group of students in predomimmtly Negro examinations,andprofessors.Considerable colleges. Uses materials developed by selected experimentation and innovation are suggested. faculty of the participating colleges and the A new degree, the doctor of arts, intended for curriculum resources group of the institute for people who are interested in college teaching, services to education during the summer of 1967. has been proposed. The curriculum for this Curriculum areas to be studied are: 1) ideas and degree would place less stress upon research. In their expression, 2) quantitative and analytical general,itis urged that greater attention be thinking, 3) social institutions, their nature and given to the views of students by the faculty and change, and 4) biological and physical science. administration of the university. Among the chapters are The Berkeley Sific,.., ts, The Im- provement of Teaching, Frtshmali Admissions, SELECT COMMITTEE ON EDUCATION, Advising and Orientation of Students in Letters University of California, Berkeley Academic and Science, Grading, A Board of Educational Senate. Development, and New Programs.

CURRICULUMSPECIFIC---by departments, majoror other subject-matter arrangements. Includes teaching and learning methods, testing, theory,etc.

CURRENT RESEARCH of the college. New signs are being taught to faculty and upper class students with closed BERTRAM, CHARLES circuit TV and still photo booklets. "CHEM Study" and High School Chemistry BRADLEY, WILLIAM R. Related to First Colkge Chemistry Grades Three Evaluation Techniques and Personal Division of Educational Research, State Depart- Orientation Toward Aesthetic Preference ment of Education, Richmond,Va.; Stateof Virginia; June 1966 Summer 1968 (Phase I). Art Education Department, University of Minne- sota,Minneapolis,Minn.Institutional;Fall An experimentalstudyof Virginiahigh 1967--. schools using a special chemistry cirruculum An experimental study and testing of hypothe- (24) and using the conventional chemistrycur- sis in art education with 104 students at colleges riculum (24) plus records from the colleges at- and universities in the greater metropolitan area tended by the 950 students involved "... to de- of' Minneapolis, to understand the function of termine if those who studied CHEM Study high verbal, in-process feedback as a form of evalua- schoolchemistry achievedsignificantly(.05) tion as c,.,mpared to the use of the end-product higher first semester college chemistry grades critique in art teaching. "The critical evaluation than did similar students who received conven- at the end of' a course may not be the most effix- tional high school chemistry instruction, tive pedagogical device." Use of' two standard- ized scales of' measurement. BORNSTEIP., HARRY Enlarging the Sign Language (Instruction BROOKS, T. J. Developmen() Surveyof Academic Advising at Sekcted Gallaudet College, Kendall Green, Washington, Graduate Schools of Social Work D.C. 20002;U.S. Office of' Education; 1967,-. School of Social Work, Michigan State Univer- This project proposes to 1) create between sity, East Lansing,Mich.; Institutional; 1968. 500 and 1,000 new signs for sign language, 2) de- termine how well these are recognized, acquired BROOKS, T. J. (Dissertation) and retained, and 3) develop improved methods Implication forSocial WorkCurriculum of of teaching them. English terms for which no Industry's Social Welfare Concerns signs exist have been nominated and grouped School of Social Work, Michigan State Univer- into clusters applicable to professional divisions sity, East Lansing, Mich.;Personal; 1968 108 Functions BURY, RICHARD L. tained at Wisconsin will be closely correlated Courses for Instruction inWild land Recreation with results from a similar experiment which Management will be conducted at Columbia University." Northern Arizona University,Flagstaff,Ariz.; CURTIS, JOHN M. U.S. Office of Education; June 1968. ToDevelop Improved Approaches to Teaching Agricultural Economics to Foreign Students A project to develop courses for wildland recreation management at college undergraduate The East-West Center, Honolulu, Hawaii;Au- level, involving: "1) selection and evaluation of gust 1967January 1968. course materials, 2) synthesis of a general frame- work for instruction, and 3) development and DARNELL, DONALD K. evaluation of a model option. These activities Language Proficiency Testing will be accomplished by: 1) consulting managers of recreational areas for recommendations that Colorado University, Boulder, Cob.;U.S. Office would be useful in wildland recreation manage- of Education; October 1, 1967September 30, ment, 2) consulting academic and inservice pro- 1968. grams of instruction to gain a useful perspective "A new test of language proficienoy will be on existing educational materials, 3) synthesizing studied to evaluate its reliability, validity, and a general framework of instruction in wildland practicality. This study, which is expected to be recreationmanagementanditsintegration the first of a series, will be restricted to profi- within the multiple-usemanagmentcon- ciency in written English [by foreign students). cept .. ." The new test is based upon the assumptions that: 1) the primary function of language is communi- CHEIFETZ, PHILIP M. cation, and 2) language is a normative system. The new test employs samples of prose with Programmed Instruction Fundamental Concepts words deleted at regular intervals. The samples of Modern Mathematics are selected from materials a person might ac- Nassau Community College, Garden City, N.Y.; tually use. The test measures the abnormality of Personal; September 1967September 1970. a subject's responses in terms of the responses given by criterion groups of native speakers of An experimental use of programmed instruc- English. The measure of abnormality is derived tion and testing in certain preliminary concepts from information theory. The performance of of mathematics with 60 students at Nassau Col- 48 foreign students will be examined andcom- lege, in order possibly to eliminate "this type of pared with the performance of 200 native speak- course from the college curriculum, allowing for ers selected from graduate and undergraduate more meaningful courses to be introduced." engineering and liberal arts majors." (No information concerning end measurement and control group.) DUGAS, DONALD TheFrench Preposition de; A Linguistic Analysis CURTI, MERLE Based on a Case Framework AmericanHistory Lab Course Center for Research on Languagc and Language Graduate School, University of Wisconsin, Madi- Behavior, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich. 48104; son, Wis.;U.S. Office of Education; 1967-1668. U.S. Office of Education; 1967. A statistical study of student errors in French "An experimentalcourseinintroductory syntax (not yet published) has established that American history will be developed for college English speaking third year college students have use. The course will involve undergraduate stu- most difficulty in mastering French prepositional dents in the processes and problems encountered usage. This has led the author to attempt a new by working historians, Quiz sections of the lec- linguistic analysis of prepositions in French, ture course will be converted into a seminar for focusing in particular on the prepositionde.As advanced graduate students. The course lecture a model, he has chosen the promising framework system will be adapted to integrate students' suggested by Charles Fillmore in "A case for experiences with concrete awareness of historical case" (to appear 1968), change in the United States. A pilot version of the course will be presented to a group of Wis- DURSTINE, RICHARD M. consinstudentevaluators(90representative sophomores). Later, the same course will be ex- Development of Mathematical Methods in Edu- panded and experimentally evaluated, using 180 cational Planning (Course) students who would ordinarily populate the Graduate School of Education: Harvard Univer- sophomore survey course sections, Results ob- sity, Cambridge, Mass. 02138;1968. 109CurriculumSpecific

ma.,121, Development of a course dealing with mathe- pared. Computer analysis techniques will be matical approaches and techniques in educa- used to extract a "great deal more information tional planning starting with a structured refer- about the corpus of spoken and written Missis- ence list (bibliography) arranged under topical sippi English collected at Tougaloo." headings. This is a preliminary to a detailed lookat some mathematical aspectsof the GRIFFIN, ROGER W., JR. methodology of educational planning. Development of Independent Study of Organic EDLING, JACK V. Chemistry for Undergraduates New College, Sarasota, Fla. 33578; Fall 1967. Oregon StateUniversity English Composition Project Study of the development in a very small col- lege of a laboratory course in organic chemistry Teaching Research Division, Oregon System ofto carry out one aim of the college, that is, "to Higher Education,Monmouth,Oreg.97361; Oregon State System of Higher Education; prepare students to think creatively and inde- pendently now and for the future... Spring 1967Fall 1969. . Students design and execute their own experiment within A developmental project, starting with 250 a given, general framework. Only seven to1 0 subjects on Oregon College campuses and a biology and chemistry students study organic specially developed "criterion test," toward "a chemistry (two terms, second year). At first, the new system for teaching English composition students are uncomfortable, indecisive, and try organized around programmed texts and em- to obtain specific instructions from the profes- phasizing self-directed study." sor ... many ofthe organic students (middle of second term) undertake a small research prob- FOOTE, DON CHARLES lem . . . related tothe professor's research Course Design for Introductory Geography interest." Geography Department, McGill University, HALL, THOMAS Montreal2,Quebec,Canada;Institutional; October 1966June 1968 (Phase I). Source Materials for General and Human Biology Biology Department, Graduate School of Arts and A project to develop learning and teaching Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, Mo.; methods in introductory geography, after a sur- U.S. Office of Education; 1967. vey of experimental courses in other North American universities, "to allow significant ad- Development of a one-semester coursein vances in upper division geography courses and human biology around two parallel kinds of to provide bases for new concepts in geography experience: 1) a block of 30 written case studies curriculuminvolvinginterdisciplinaryeduca- dealing "with efforts of scientists to solve some tion." Twelve laboratory exercises, three exami- persistent biological problem," including his- nations, course review questionnaire, and course torical summaries and reports on recent devel- evaluation otganized and completed by graduates opments in regard to each problem and 2) labo- and undergraduates enrolled. Later, Phase II ratory work so organized that students may work independently for a two-week open period. includesresearchinaudiovisualand pro- grammed learning. HAWKES, JOHN FR ANCIS, W. NELSON; MESKILL, The Teaching of Writing to College Freshmen ROBERT H.; BAILEY, BERYL L.; Graduate School, Stanford University, Stanford, KUCERA, HENRY; AND RICHARD Calif. 94305; U.S. Office of Education; 1966 TUCKER 1969. Brown-Tougaloo English Language Project An experimental effort with freshman English Department of Linguistics. BrownUniversity, students, which includes their involvement in the Providence, R.I. 02912; Rockefeller Foundation; teaching about writers of diverse kinds in ele- 1965-1968. mentary and secondary schools, "and regards "Based on the fact that the language problem the participation by graduate students in the is central to the academic deficiencies of many program as part of their preparation as future college students," this project is a development college teachers.. ." Cooperation with other and testing of instructional materials for use higher education institutions through "visits, with freshman students in predominantly Negro exchanges, seminars, and demonstrations." colleges in the South. Techniques for analysis of a sizable sample of spoken language by com- HEALEY, F. G., FRENCH, R. J., AND puter are being developed, a "sketch grammar 0. BIRKETT of Mississippi Negro Dialect" having been pre- Examination Techniques in Modern Languages

110 Functions ittimiginmr

Department of Modern Languages, Portsmouth likely to volunteer for the experience at Bethel, College of Technology, Portsmouth, England; i.e., when the "experimentals" were matched Institutional; January 1968-1970. with the "high creatives" of the control group. An experimental development of new exami- nation techniques in modern languages, working KRISLOV, SAMUEL with 120 students "at vari, stages of the degree A Laboratories Approach to Teaching Political course in French" to provide "guidance in Science making new forms of examinations stressing Department of Political Science, communications aspects of language for new University of Minnesota,Minneapolis,Minn.55455;U.S. degree courses being included at this college." Office of Education; 1967. HUTCHESON, J. T. A project to develop political science labora- tories"in conjunction with regularsubject- A Programmed Text in the Area of Musical Form matter courses. .. on voting behavior, politi- Department of Music, Michigan State University, cally oriented social and economic behavior, East Lansing, Mich. 48823;Institutional; De- legislative and judicialbehavior, community cember 1967May 1970. studies, and international relations. Direct ex- perience withthe methods, techniques, and A project to develop a programmed text as the problems of contemporary political science will most efficient means of teaching musical form to be prmided students in the laboratories." No large classes. "The programmed course should special facilities required beyond classrooms and eventuallyteachthesamematerialtaught a minimum of computational aids. through traditional methods, but in a more organized fashion and in less time. It will leave LINDZEY, GARDNER, HELMRE1CH, a great deal of classtime free for analysis of ROBERT, AND GEORGE PARKER music." Effectiveness of Several Teaching Methods in KOEN, FRANK, AND EJNER JENSEN Undergraduate General Psychology Psychology Department,University of Texas, What Does It Mean to Appreciate Shakespeare? Austin, Tex.78712; Institutional; Completion Center for Research on Learning and Teaching, dateSummer 1968. University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich. 48104; An exploratory effort to measure the impact Institutional; Winter 1968-1969. of teaching methods on student interests and An experimental study through four academic attitudes toward the course and learning of terms of a Shakespeare course in the English course content, using such instructional proce- department (700 students per term) to see what dures as traditional lecture series, televised lec- may be the effects ofseeingthe plays in addition tures,audiovisualpresentations,andsmall to reading them. Baseline data on behavioral group discussions with different class sections. measures already completed. Students in experi- "We are also looking at these same response mental sections will see film versions of selected variables as a function of several personality plays id then be measured again. characteristics of the students." Primary objec- tive: to help provide a basis for more fully meet- KOEN, FRANK ing students' individual needs in large under- graduate sections. Learning and the T-Group Dynamics MAAS, JAMES B. Center for Study of Learning and Teaching, Uni- versity of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich. 48104; Observation and Evaluation Techniques for a Institutional; 1967Fall 1968. Practicum in the Teaching of Psychology An experimental study of undergraduates in Department of Psychology, Cornell University, psychology, including volunteers for T-group Ithaca, N.Y. 14850;January 1968June 1970. experiences at the Bethel Center and "controls" A project to develop a training program and (peers in the same course, matched), to develop instructional materials for use with future teach- objective measures of the relationship of sensi- ers of psychology which is to include "the devel- tivity training to teaching and learning in the opment of standardized techniques for observing classroom situation. Measures include compari- and evaluating educationalinnovations and sons of verbal interaction in small classes by teaching behaviors" in other subject matter than those who did and those who did not participate psychology. The data will be provided through in sensitivity training. Some changes in inter- the Cornell Invent, y for Student Appraisal of action and learning occurred among those with Teaching and Courses, and a Teaching Seminar training which were not accounted for by the Questionnaire by1,000 persons involvedin factor of the more creative people being more classes in psychology at Cornell and the gradu-

111 CurriculumSpecific

Tiok ate teaching practicum in the Department of A statewide survey, with instruments yet to be Psychology. devised, of 30,000 students, faculty, administra- tors in higher education, to seek answer to the McCLURE, WILLIAM, AND following questions: Why do only 40 percent of J. L. BARTH students complete courses by correspondence? Political Science Experienced Teacher Fellowship What are the attitudes of administration and Program faculty toward correspondence study? Should Purdue University, Lafayette, Ind. 47907; U.S. correspondence studies remain an offering of Office of Education; September 1967August higher education? 1968. PARKMAN, RALPH A developmental project using experimental group of 35 students who are enrolled in the Cybernation and Man: Development of One basic political science course using systems anal- Semester Course ysis as the model by which some political science School of Engineering, San Jose State College, concepts can be examined. The concepts of San Jose, Calif.; U.S. Office of Education; July politics are developed in an audio-tutorial sys- 1966February 1968. tem. Involves preparation of 15 political science fellows to teach the concepts of politics by the Development of an interdisciplinary course by audio-tutorial method. the engineering division of San Jose State Col- lege as a model program including 1) collection MORDEY, THEOBOLD of tapes and films, 2) production of experimental tapes in conjunction with the San Jose State Reactivation of Memory by Hypnosis and Sug- gestion College course, 3) preparation of an extensive bibliography related to the problems facing man University of Southern California, Los Angeles, in his computerized environment, 4) preparation Calif.; U.S. Office of Education; November 1, of outlines of many of the lecturs of the course, 1967October 31, 1968. and 5) distribution of materials to other institu- "The persistence of memory traces of mean- tions. ingful material will be investigated in a study that will use hypnotic regression to determine: PECK, DARRELL J. (Dissertation) 1) whether or not memory traces can be reacti- vated without relearning by the technique of Undergraduate English Programs in 45 Presby- terian-Affiliated Colleges hypnotic regression and 2) whether or not mem- ory traces reactivated by hypnosis can then be Teachers College, University of Nebraska, Lin- made available in the waking state by post- coln, Nebr. 65808; Personal; June 1967Sep- hypnotic suggestion. The study is an attempt to tember 1968. determine whether past learnings are destroyed A field survey and analysis of the undergrad- during the passage of time or whether they are uate English curricula and programs in the 45 only unavailable at the time for recall. An experi- liberal arts colleges affiliated with the United mental group and three control groups will con- Presbyterian Church in the United States by sist of subjects able to enter deep hypnosis. A means of an original questionnaire sent to the fourth control group will consist of nonsus- department chairmen. Contains considerable ceptible subjects. The subjects in the different amount of information on faculty (background groups will be matched in terms of their scores preparation, distribution of rank in department, on Form "A" of a memory test, while Form "B" teaching load, etc., who makes the decisions, will be used in the experiment. The experimental departmental meetings, hiring, curriculum mate- group will go through four steps-1) learn mate- rials,etc.),remedial English courses, special rial to be tested while awake, 2) take memory preparation for teachers of English, honors pro- test while awake, 3) be hypnotized and re- grams, and means of evaluating a faculty work. gressed, given suggestions of excellent memory Contributory to National Survey of Under- and motivation, and tested,4) when awake, graduate Programs in English (U.S. Office of given posthypnotic suggestions of remembering Education and National Council, of Teachers of as when regressed and tested. Variations of this English). treatment well be given the control groups in similar steps." PETRIE, GRACE S. MORISHIMA, J. K. Effectiveness of the Teaching Approach in College Correspondence Courses in Higher Education Che mistry Office of Institutional Research, University ofNassau Community College, Garden City, N.Y. Washington, Seattle, Wash. 98105; Institutional; 11530;Institutional;August 1967January Winter 1968Summer 1968. 1968. 112Functions 7.7 7,75,5

An experimental use with 318 science students Measurement and Research Division, University of "a design for experiments, using P. Obourn's of Illinois,Urbana,Ill.61801;Institutional; Analysis of Problem Solving Abilities,to increase N o vember 1967---. students' ability to inquire and to think critically. Studies of the effectiveness or various testing The study measures improvement by means of procedures in the learning of French, Spanish, theWatson-Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal." German, and Russian languages. RODMAN, HARRY E. STACY, THOMAS J.

1 Curriculum Development in Architecture Survey of Current Methods of Teaching Russian Language in the United States School of Architecture, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, N.Y. 11181;Institutional; Sep- Department of Foreign Languages, U.S. Military tember 1966--June 1968. Academy, West Point, N. Y.; Institutional; Octo- ber 1966-1968. Documents and reports of the committee charged with developing an architecture curricu- A national survey "to obtain a consensus on" lum "for students who will begin doing impor- Russian language teaching methodology "corre- tant work 20 years from now." Related to kited with such factors as level and stage of in- AmericanInstituteor ArchitectsEducation struction and priortraining, experience and Research Project, at Pdnceton University. A fluency of instructors." case study. STONE, W. S. SCHOOL OF MEDICINE, UNIVERSITY Preparing Animal Science Technologists (Pilot) OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA Agricultural and Technical College, State Univer- Undergraduate and Postgraduate Teaching of sity of New York, Delhi, N.Y. 13753; U.S. Office Neurology; Curriculum Revision of Education; June 1965December 1969. School of Medicine, University of Southern Cali- Study toward a new program to train animal fornia, Los Angeles, Calif. 90007; U.S. Office of science technicians involving two-year curricu- Education; July 1966June 1968. lum leading to degree of associate in applied sci- ences. "Graduates will be trained to serve in Study toward better articulation of offerings federal agencies, state government departments, in the teaching of neurology for undergraduate colleges, hospitals, research institutions, phar- medical students, postgraduate, and practicing maceutical houses, animal breeding establish- mainly by the expansion of the use or ments, and veterinary houses. Activities of the a "professional medical model in neurological current project will consist of purchasing scien- teaching," including the development and use of tific equipment and teaching aids, acquiring evaluative techniques called "the programmed necessary personnel, and developing instruments patient" and the production and use of short to measure the effectiveness of tin new pro- instructional films on neurological skills on a gram." self-study basis. Also will include regular faculty workshops in teaching of neurology. STRINGER, PETER Research into Architectural Education SPENCER, RICHARD E. Bartlett School of Architecture, University Col- Predictionof SuccessinForeignLanguage lege, London, England; Institutional & Founda- Learning tion; January 1963May 1968. Measurement and Research Division, University A study of the methods of teaching and con- of Illinois,Urbana,Ill.61801; Institutional; tent of courses in a school of architecture, by November 1967. means of psychologicaltests, of intelligence, spatial perception, and personality, to discover SPENCER, RICHARD E. the best ways of selecting students and of edu- cating them in a university school, of developing Validity of Teaching Effectiveness in Economics increased sensitivityto space and to human Measurement and Research Division, University relations, and of improving critical judgment of Illinois,Urbana,III.61801; institutional; and ability to design efThctively. November 1967. SWETS, J.A., KLATT, D., SPENCER, RICHARD, AND SUSAN CARBONELL, J., ET AL. FELDMAN Research on Second-Language Learning Determination of Variance and Foreign Language Bolt, Beranek & Newman, Inc., 50 Moulton Success Attributable to Reading, Writing, Speak- Street, Cambridge, Mass.; ARPA; November ing, and Listening Testing Data 1966November 1968.

113 CurriculumSpecific A. feasibility study "of programmed computer A descriptive analysis of English curricula for systems to aid in teaching a foreign language, undergraduates in the United States and evalua- including phonology, syntax, and semantics tion toward prescribing some reforms and pro- emphasizing phonological aspects." posing some innovations.Will inquireinto ". .. what constitutes effective teaching... what VAN CAMPEN, J. A., AND serious problems confront teachers. .. what PATRICK SUPPES solutions are being tested." After questionnaire Application of Mathematical Learning Theory to.survey, exceptional programs will be investigated Second-languageAcquisition withParticular further by interview. (Project address is: The Reference to Russian National Survey of Undergraduate Programs in English, U-25, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif.; U.S. Office of Education; September 1, 1967August 31, Conn. 06268.) 1968. WILLSON, ROBERT Research to develop "materials for a com- puter-based, first-year course in Russian ... and A College Art Major in Glass techniques for the individualization of instruc- University of Miami, Coral Gables, Fla. 33124; tion by: 1) response-dependent correction rou- U.S. Office of Education; May 1966February tines and 2) test-score-dependent recycling rou- 1968. tines. Such skills as pronunciation and hand- writing which cannot be tested conveniently A descriptive survey of glass schools and fac- online will be handled by supplementary lan- tories of the United States and foreign countries guage-laboratory work, the output of which (Europe and Mexico) will precede development (written sentences and pronunciation tapes) will of pilot program for a major in art glass. This be analyzed by ordinary non-computer methods. curriculum will take into account both academic Much of the new research will be based on the and industrial teaching situations as well as performance of as many as 36 college students equipment and "factual data on student sources, who will use the computer-based materials and economic uses, business relations, and sponsor- accompanying laboratory drills in their study of ships of such teaching." To be discussed with a first-year Russian." cross-section of American specialists, museum personnel. Will include information on "com- WIGGINS, JAMES A., POPE, mercial glass activities...training systems, use HALLOWELL, AND DONALD of apprentices.. ." BUSHNELL Contingencies of Learning in the College Class- room University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, N.C. 1966-1967 RESEARCH 27514; U.S. Office of Education & Institutional; Spring 1967June 1968. ADAMS, ALAN M., AND An experiment in teaching introductory so- JULIAN C. STANLEY ciology (later, other social sciences introductory "Preparation of High School Psychology Teach- courses) in order to test several hypotheses pre- ers by Colleges." American Psychologist, 1967, dicting course achievement and to emphasize 22(2), 166-169. independent variables which are or could be under the control of classroom instructors. A study involving the distribution of ques- tionnaires to psychology department chairmen "Measurement and statistical controls are being used for such variables as general ability, test- of approximately 1,050 colleges and univer- anxiety, external-internal control, and achieve- sities. Only eight percent stated that they offered an undergraduate teaching major in psychology ment aspiration ... students' evaluation of the to prospective high school teachers and 13 per- instructor, classroom procedures, and their own cent offered a teaching minor. achievement. [Aims to] provide an instructional method whichiseffective,"thatis,teaches greater amounts of subject material in less time DAVIS, ELTON CHARLES with better retention. "A Creative Curricular and Evaluative Model PreparedforCollege Level Remedial Pro- WILCOX, THOMAS W. grams." Dissertation Abstracts A, 27(6), 1701 National Survey of Undergraduate Programs in 1702. University Microfilms, Inc., Ann Arbor, English Mich., 1966. National Council of Teachers of English, Cham- A study aiming to: 1) define a course of study paign, Ill.; U.S. Office of Education; October containing a theoretically unified set of objec- 1966October 1968. tives providing an opportunity for the student to

114 Functions develop his abilities to the level required for col- educational-vocational goals showed statistically lege, 2) to involve the college in an institutional significant improvementinthe experimental effort to produce valued developments in cur- group as compared with the control group. It riculum aimed toward the solution of a common was found that the experimental group was more problem within junior colleges, 3) to get students flexible in experimenting with possible educa- involved in creative and remdial activities so tional-vocational goals by a 4 :I ratio. Concludes that they can be led to clarify and re-evaluatethat a methods course can free teachers of educational and vocational goals. The course ofremedial courses from the present practice of study was developed and used in an experimental reinforcing previously acquired poor study habits and control group study at Pasadena City Col- and permit the primary objective to be the lege. According to essay ratings and evaluative diagnosis and remediationof thelearning statements by teachers, students committed to deficiencies of students.

RESEARCHon functions and structures, including graduate. Also includes projects dealing with institutional rfsearch centers and programs for training in research.

CURRENT RESEARCH School of Education, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich.48104; U.S.Office of Educa- DENNY, TERRY tion; 1966-1971 Undergraduate Programs in Educational Research "A five-year graduate training program will be Graduate School, Purdue University, Lafayette, provided within the social sciences, especially psychology, in an effort to improve the quality Md.47907; U.S.Office of Education; 1966 1969. of educational research. Four fields of specializa- tion will be offered...1) learning and instruc- A project to develop a three-year program tional processes, 2) personality development and "1) to develop certain competencies for the mental health, 3) language behavior, and 4) re- undergraduate to conduct educational research, search design and data analysis...including 2) to develop favorable attitudes toward. .. instruction in statistical procedures, computer educational research as a guide to practice, 3) to applications, and communication skills develop- 'recruit' undergraduates . . .,4)to provide rl,ent, eight students ... each year." talented assistance ..., and 5) to prepare pros- pective teachers for (using and doing) .. edu- cational research." Six educational psychology DOI, JAMES I. professors and 12 research professors "will work Adaptation as a Criterion of College Effectiveness with one or two undergraduates each year" to foster a close research relationship between pro- Center for Study of Higher Education, University fessors and students, through working on pro- of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich.48104;Institu- jects from their beginnings and through a weekly tional; March 1968. seminar (100 minutes), field trips to other re- A brief summary of observations by a faculty search centers, and attendance at educational member of the Center for the Study of Higher research meetings. (See other developmental Education at the University of Michigan (Ann programs for training educational specialists: Arbor) on the place of institutional research in Frances J. Di Vesta, Educational Psychology the substructure of higher education institutions. Department, Pennsylvania State University; M. He includes here a paradigm of the adaptive Ray Loree, Department of Educational Psy- substructure, whose function is "to enable the chology, University of Alabamaboth funded organization to cope effectively with pressures for by U.S. Office of Education. Also, Virgil S. change. The capacity to cope with change must Lagomarcino, Department of Education, Iowa today be recognized as a major criterion of or- State University ; Gerald S. Lesser, Laboratory ganizational effectiveness." (Unpublished) of Human Development, Harvard University; and Nancy K. Johansen, Graduate School, EDWARDS, R., AND McGREGOR, T. G. Macalester College, StPaul, Minnesotaall funded by U.S. Office of Education.) Official Educational Intelligence Pertaining to the Study of English Education, Particularly Technical DIXON, W. ROBERT and Higher Education Interdisciplinary Research Training Program in McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Education Institutional; 1968.

115 Research 711>

A brief historical summary, "produced forChange, 825 East Eighth Street, Bloomington, private circulation," of the role of governmental Ind. 47401; U.S. Office of Education; May 1967 commissions and "select committees" in British June 1968. higher education research and development from the middle of the nineteenth century up to the "An exhaustive nationwide search" for train- present. ing methods and materials for research and development centers. "A bank of ideas, methods, and materials will be derived from sources across EGGERTSEN, CLAUDE A. the nation and will be made available for Historical Research Training in development and use in research, dissemination, American Education and development training programs," Project is School of Education,University of Michigan, to: 1) devise procedures for identifying available Ann Arbor, Mich. 48104; U.S. Office of Educa- but undeveloped methods and materials for use tion; 1966-1971. in the training of personnel, 2) develop a limited number of such identified at "available for use" A project to develop a training program in stage, and 3) plan and design a major study historical research in American education "that proposal for the purpose of understanding and will invoke the strength of historiographers in the alleviating the major problems and deficiencies School of Education and College of Liberal Arts of research,dissemination, and development and Sciences, and methodologists in sociology, training programs. political science, and psychology, and research people in education. No new courses are to be designed and no elaborate administrative inno- HXNDLE, FRANK (Dissertation) vations. .." Doctoral candiates will learn theory and techniques of historical work through pro- Organization of Research as an Economic Problem ducing papers and monographs under inter- Institute for Educational Research, Max Planck disciplinary supervision. Gesellschaft,Berlin;Individual; July 1968 December 1969. GRIFFITH, BELVER C. An analysis of research organizations as sys- Project on Scientific Information Exchange in tems of information, systems of decision making, Psychology and systems of production, taking into account American Psychological Association, 1200 17th the structure as well as process of the organiza- Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20036; National tion and based on theories of general organiza- Science Foundation; 1961-1968. tion. This project aims toward the design of eco- nomic models for research organizations, appli- A manifold project which includes efforts to cable to higher education hstitutions. determine "areas in which further innovation is needed in scientific information exchange and the design of appropriate innovations," and "... HARRIS, FRED R. to develop as complete a theoretical picture as possible of processesinscientific exchange" Hearings on the Creation of a National Social among psychologists in higher education. Sub- Science Foundation sections are studying "channels of communica- Subcommittee on Government Research,U.S. tion that are currently regarded as either failing in their purpose or losing status within the Senate Committee on Government Operations, Washington, D.C.; U.S. Senate; 1967. discipline" and those information users who are not active scientists. Additional studies deal with "The National Social Science Foundation," time-lag of publications, response to changes in Parts I, II, and III, hearings before the Subcom- the operation of Psychological Abstracts, and the mittee on Government Research, U.S. Senate, invention and development of new elements in 89th Congress, 2nd Session. "One of the crucial the system of scientific dissemination in psy- questions of the hearings was the role of the chology. Also, "the project's work will be ex- federal government in supporting social science tended into a new area, the relation of the social research, education and training at institutions structure of a science to patterns of informal of higher education." communication." "An Inventory of Congressional Concern for Research and Development," 88th and 89th GUBA, EGON G., ROADEN,ARLISS, Congress, 1st Session, Part I; and 89th Congress, AND WILLIAM GEPHART 2nd Session, Part II. "A compendium of all Training Materials for Research, Congressional publications issued during the Development, 88th and 89th Congress that relate to research and DifiUsion Personnel and development including education, training National Institute forStudy ofEducational and scientific manpower policies and programs."

116Functions HAVELOCK, RONALD G. KLASSEN, FRANK H., AND RAYMOND S. MOORE Dissemination and Utilization of Scientific Knowledge: Comparative Survey Development of Instrument for Society of Inter- national Education in Teacher Education Pro- InstituteforSocialResearch,Universityof grams of United States Colleges and Universities Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich. 48104; U.S. Offico of Education; December 1966June 1968. American Association of Colleges for Teacher Education,Washington, D.C.; U.S. Office of A comparative survey of the literature on dis- Education; August 25, 1967January 25, 1968. semination and use of scientific knowledge in two phases: 1) "a summary of the current state A project to develop a basic information re- of the art with respect to knowledge about dis- trieval instrument "for nationwide use to examine semination and utilization ..." including policy current objectives and analyze current activities planning at local, state, and federal levels, and in international education as they ccncern teach- 2) planning a multifaceted program to field-test er education." The purpose of the instrument is a variety of procedures to improve current to make a survey of all colleges and universities practice. in the United States that offer programs of teacher education to determine "what programs KANE, ROBERT B. exist that reiate to preparing teachers to build intercultural or international knowledge and The Semantic Differential Questionnaire understanding ... Gapsthat exist in terms of Purdue Research Foundation, Lafayette, Ind.; content, geographical coverage of international U.S. Office of Education; February 1, 1968education programs in the United States, and August 31, 1968. coverage of cultures, extent and method of co- ordination between the disciplines in teacher "Approximately 250 undergraduate students education, the uses made of inter-institutional at Purdue University will be randomly assigned cooperation, the principal experiential and aca- to three experimental testing groups to: "1) de- demic requirements in intercultural education." termine the results of controlling three sources of order effects in semantic differential (SD) administrations and 2) aid in developing a prac- KRAHMER, EDWARD tical method of producing a set of semantic Training Educational Researchers for Rural Areas differential questionnaires in which item-order effects are minimized by using an electronic College of Education, University of North Dakota, Grande Forks, N.D. 58201;U.S.Office of computer to generate the questionnaires. Con- Education; 1967. cept order, scale order, and scale polarity are the three order effects which are sources of proximity This development of both doctoral and mas- error in semantic differential administrations. ters degree programs for educational research The creation of the computer program will make in rural areas consits of academic study of: it possible to determine the results of controlling 1) research methods, 2) statistical data analysis, the sources of order effects in the tests." 3) educational measurement, and 4) computer techniques, "to provide sufficient researchers to KERSH, BERT Y. meet needs of a tri-state region and other rural areas." Continuous evaluation of program; 16 to TheOregonCollegeResearchDevelopment 34 candidates per year. (CO R D) Program Oregon State System of Higher Education, Edu- LEE, J. MURRAY cation Research Div., Monmouth, Oreg. 97361; U.S. Office of Education; 1967-1968. Training of Educational Research Workers in the Area of Culturally Deprived A developmental project to stimulate research SouthernIllinoisUniversity,Carbondale,Ill. for the improvement of undergraduate instruc- 62901; U.S. Office of Education; March 1967 tion in five of Oregon's higher education institu- August 1968. tions by means of: 1) seminars, workshops, and demonstrations for faculty administrators and A study leading toward a program of training 2) conduct of research involving several colleges "for five outstanding university graduates in the in a common undertaking. Immediate objectives: area of educational research, including curricu- "1) to expose the faculty and administrators to lum development and evaluation, with emphasis ..skills .. fundamental toproducing good on problems of culturally deprived or economi- research and research administration .., 2) to cally depressed pre-school and elementary school stimulate and support faculty to engage in edu- children." A three-year program is proposed for cational research, and 3) to engage the five each trainee, with a total of five years proposed colleges in a common research undertaking." for the university's program.

117 Research if

LESSER, GERALD S. determining high school parameters in admis- Postdoctoral Fellowship Program in Educational sions policy." Allocation of "seed money for Research faculty involvement in internal research pro- jects." Also, interinstitutional research permit- Harvard University, C'ambridge, Mass. 02138; ting comparison of data. U.S. Office of Education; September 1967 August 1968. MOULY, GEORGE J. Three postdoctoral fellows will "engage in an intensive year of educational research training Training of Educational Researchers in the areas of history and psychology. In con- (Graduate Prograin) sultation with their advisors, the participants will School of Education, University of Miami, Coral structuve a research program according to their Gables, Fla. 33124; U.S. Office of Education; individual needs and concerns. The year of study June 1966-1969. will lay the basis for further research activities and will increase their capacity to evaluate re- A project to develop a M.Ed. program for search problems." training research center personnel which will consist of four parts: 1) instruction on research, LIGHTSEY, RALPH 2) statistics and evaluation, 3) practical research experience, and 4) supportive studies. Twenty Research Developinent in Professional Education trainees will take prescribed courses at Univer- Georgia Southern College, Statesboro, (-a. 30458; sity of Miami through a six-week summer session U.S. Office of Education; June 1967June 1969. and one academic year in a two-year program. (See also projects by Robert Campbell and J. A program to develop a research consortium William Moore.) with these objectives: "1) to increase the em- phasis on educational research in the teacher edu- NASCA, DONALD cation programs, 2) to assist the colleges to pro- vide more support to faculty efforts in educa- Consortium Research Development tional research, 3) to provide inservice education in research for the faculties, and 4) to increase State University of New York, Brockport, N.Y. the interests of faculty members in conducting 14420; U.S. Office of Education; June 1967 (and engaging students in) educational research. June 1970. In addition to improving the educational re- To promote the research capacities of faculty search efforts at the colleges, the projectis members on five small college campuses through: expected to also increase the use of research 1) establishment of an internal organization de- findings in the instruction offered by the faculties signed toprovide both direct and indirect . . ." of Georgia Southern College, Savannah assistance to faculty in preparing research pro- State College, Armstrong State College, Augusta jects, 2) presentation of seminars to aid in devel- College, and Middle Georgia College. Georgia oping specific skills associated with research Southern College will develop a Master of Edu- endeavors and, 3) provision of a model for cation degree program for preparation of edu- research involvement. Actual research involve- cational researchers. ment at termination of the three year project will serve as a primary source of data for evaluation MELVILLE, GEORGE L., of the project. HOOGESTEGER, HOWARD, AND JAMES McALLISTER PATEL, C. S. (as Vice Chancellor) A Consortium of Knox College, Lake Forest Centre for Advanced Study in Eudcation College and Monmouth CollegetoDevelop Faculty of Education and Psychology, Baroda Offices of Institutional Research University,Gujarat, India; Asia Foundation; Knox College, Galesburg, Ill. 61401; Federal; 1966-1967. June 1967June 1968. A project to develop and further train staff A developmental project to initiate offices ofto use equipment for "a simplified language institutional research at Lake Forest College and laboratory" and "data calculation and other re- Monmouth College generalizing the Knox Col- search use" at the Centre. This centre's objec- lege experience, by means of a one-year consor- tives include: 1) research for improving tools of tium bringing together administrative and re-instruction and evaluation in use in schools, search staffs of the three institutions. One imme- 2) training research workers in educational re- diate effort stemming from this would be the search and experimental design, 3) extension "extension and the development of the Admis- services in educational research, 4) seminars and sions with Reservations Concept," and "the workships on crucial problems of education in extensive analysis of the academic register in the country at large."

118 Functions PAULSON, CASPER ROUECHE, JOHN E., AND Programmatic Support for Development of JOHN R. BOGGS Capacity for Research Survey of Institutional Research in American Junior Colleges Oregon State Systemof HigherEducation, Oregon College of Education, Monmouth, Oreg. Higher EducationDepartinent,University of 97361; U.S. Office of Education; 1%7-1968. California,96 Powell Library, Los Angeles, Calif90024; W. K.Kellogg Foundation; A developmental project to stimulate research February 1968June 1968. for the improvement of undergraduate instruc- tion in five of Oregon's higher education insti- A 10 percent random sample of the presidents tutions, by means of: 1) seminars, workshops, of junior colleges in the United States, by means and demonstrations for faculty administrators of structured interviews by telephone, to dis- and 2) conduct of research involving several cern: "1) the frequency of institutional research colleges in a common undertaking. Immediate in American junior colleges, 2) the education areas objectives: "1) to expose the faculty and ad- most and least often researched, 3) the education areas that junior college administrators would ministrators to...skills,... fundamental to producing good research and research adminis- most like to research, 4) who coordinates insti- tutional research in junior colleges, 5) if selected tration..., 2) to stimulate and support faculty to engage in educational research, and 3) to variables are related to the frequency of institu- engage the five colleges in a common research tional research. undertaking." RUSSELL, JOHN, WIERSMA, WILLIAM, PETERSON, EARL B. AND RICHARD WHITE Occupational Research Coordinating Unit Cooperative Institutional Research Program (Montana) University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606; U.S. Department of Public Instruction, Helena, Mont.; Office of Education; October 1966June 1969. U.S. Office of Education; March 1967Septem- A consortium of six small private colleges in ber 1968. northwest Ohio along with the University of An ongoing research coordination unit di- Toledo are developing a Center for Institutional rected to the initiation and support of research Research and training college personnel in re- in vocational-technical education will be con- search methods (three per college) to staff and tinued. The unit is cooridnated with varis use the services of the new Center. Research will universities, major industries, labor organiza- include curriculum studies, "ex post facto re- tions, teacher organizations, and state employ- search," and some controlled experimentation ment agencies. Research will be initiated and on instruction. supported in and among these agencies for 1) application in the various areas of vocational- SANFORD, NEVITT technical education and 2) dissemination of Institute for Research and Action on information on research projects. Human Probleans Project Headquarters, 2465 LeConte, Berkeley, PINNER, FRANK Calif. 94709; 1968. Teaching of Research Methods by Participation A project to explore development of a new kind of research institute which would train Political Science Department, Michigan State some researchers and involve all participants University, East Lansing, Mich. 48823; Institu- (20 to 30) in action aimed toward appropriate tional; Fall 1967Winter 1968. changes with regard to selected "human prob- An experiment in the teaching of political lems." The researcher begins withtheac- knowledged premise that all research affects its science research methods by means of engaging object, and proceeds to make deliberate use of every student in two successive terms in "bona fide research undertakings"one complete re- these effects for calculated social change. One search project per quarter. "All teams were initial project will be a study of graduate edu- matched approximately on their distributions of cation. Will have official relationship with con- sortium of theological schools. general scholastic performance and on quantita- tive skills"; students were assigned to research teams on the basis of thcir previous performance. SHEFFIELD, EDWARD F. Questionnaires and verbal reports by the stu- Register of ResearchinHigher Education in dents to the instructor. Canada

119 Research Higher Education (Innis College), University of WILLIAMS, JOE Toronto, Toronto 5, Ontario, Canada; Institu- tional; 1968. Graduate Research Training in Philosophy of Education The beginning of "a register of research in School of Education,University of Georgia, highereducationinCanadaplanned,in progress, and recently completed." Athens, Ga. 30602; U.S. Office of Education; June 1966-1971. STANTON, HENRY Studies toward the development of a graduate Programmatic Support for the Development of program for training researchers in philosophy Research Capacity of education leading to Ph.D. (philosophy of education) as part of joint program between Lane College, Jackson, Tenn. 38301; U.S. Office college of education and department of philoso- of Education; June 1966June 1969. phy and religion. "Aims to prepare students to "Educational research programs are being un- conduct philosophically grounded investigations dertaken which will involve five colleges from the (including those of empirical nature) into various West Tennessee and Mississippi Delta region in problems... for instance, curriculum, adminis- the Cohort Research Development Program tration, learning and teaching methods, and ob- (CORD). The objective of this project is to ex- jectives." Included 20 students over five years; pose the faculty and administration of the col- sequence includes research methodology, social leges to the skills and knowledge necessary to science,andeducationcoursesaswellas produce good research and administration." philosophy.

TWELKER, PAUL A. WILLIAMS, JOE Instructional ShnulationA Research Graduate Research Training Program in Development and Dissemination Activity Art Education Oregon State System of Higher Education, School of Education,University of Georgia, Monmouth, Oreg.; U.S. Office of Education; Athens, Ga. 30602; U.S. Office of Education; June I, 1967September 30, 1968. June 1966-1969. "The objectives of this project are: 1) to con- A project to develop graduate research train- tinue the search of educational, military, and ing progi-am in art education, leading to master industrialliteraturepertainingtoindustrial of art education and degrees, simulation that was started as a project of the in a joint program of the college of education and Northwest Regional Educational Research Lab- Franklin College department of art, consisting oratory; 2) to develop models of instructional of a three-year curriculum. Twenty students in simulation design that will guide developers in groups of' four will be prepared "to hold a joint specifying the form of the simulation; 3) to appointment in an art education department and identify research directions and state these in the adepartment. of educational research" and form of hypotheses; 4) to specify applications of trained to: 1) use methods of experimental re- instructional simulation; and 5) to disseminate search, 2) evaluate and analyze major alternative widely the information gained.... Is expected to theories of art and art learning, and 3) test and enable researchers to concentrate on problems evaluate hypotheses. that may make the greatest contributions to a theory of instruction." WILLIAMS, JOE Training Program for Reading Research Degrees WILLEY, DARRELL S. School of Education,University of Georgia, Interdisciplinary Program for Preparation of Athens, Ga. 30602; U.S. Office of Education; Graduate Researchers in Higher Education June 1966-1971. New Mexico State University, Box 3R, Las Developmentoffive-yearprogram (four Cruces, N.M. 88001; U.S. Office of Education; trainees per year) for graduate research workers June 1966-1969. in the area of reading, leading to masters and Development of graduate program for re- doctoral degrees,including observation and searchers in elementary, secondary, and higher execution of actual research projects in reading. education, beginning with 12 trainees of diverse "During the three years, each participant will backgrounds (including agriculture, engineering, conduct research for a...thesis or dissertation etc.) in three.year program. Curriculum includes and ... four additional independent studies." managementengineering,mathematicssta- Participants will "be involved as an observer" tistics, sociology, and teacher education. ("Em- in faculty research activities, and in a reading phasis will be placed on... seminars covering clinic, helping participants to use diagnostic data unaligned areas.") from reading clinic cases.

120 Functions WILSON, KENNETH M. A project undertaken to provide for compre- hensive graduate research training in educational College Research Center, An Agency for Inter- psychology, curricumlum research, school and institutional Cooperation in Educational Research school system organization, and educational College Research Center, Poughkeepsie, N.Y. mathematical applications.Several new staff 12601; College Entrance Examination Board & members were recruited and selectedto be Eight Member Colleges & Institutional; 1961. trained on the predoctoral level. It was hoped Developmental project: "a novel, coopera- that these would prove strong contributors to the research training program and the university tively supported, educational research agency faculty. The new full-time positions will be dis- currently supported by eight liberal arts colleges tributed over the five-year program period. for women (and College Entrance Examination Board): Briarcliff College, Connecticut College, Hollins College, Mt. Holyoke College, Ran- GIBBONS, DONALD F. dolph-Macon Women's College, Trinity College "The Longitudinal Effects of Early Research (in Washington, D.C.), Vassar College, and Experience." ResearchinEducation, October Wheaton College." Makes available to indi- 1967(10), 3-4. vidual institutions a research facility for their An evaluation of a precollege summer research own unique needs, and help with joint studies on program inscientific technology for entering "questions of interest to all members." Includes freshmen to determine its longitudinal influence data bank, retrieval system. Model for liberal on creative ability and on the totaleffectiveness arts and sciences colleges. of the student's educational experience. Tests the hypothesis that the development of creativity can best be accomplished by directly involving the 1966-1967 RESEARCH student in research projects as early as possible in his education. Data gathered from students BUSWELL, GUY T., McCONNELL, T. R., participating in the summer research program HEISS, A. M., AND D. M. KNOELL will be compared with that of a control group Training for Educational Research. Center for which will not have had summer research experi- the Study of Higher Education, University of ence. The two groups will befollowed during California, Berkeley, Calif., 1966, 150 pp. their first two years of college. A report of an empirical investigation of the si HARMAN, WILLIS productivity of persons who obtained the doc- torate in education, as well as analysis of factors "Establishment of a Pilot Center for Educational related to the incidence of published research. Policy Research." Research in Education, No- A group of highly productive researchers were vember 1967(11), 3. also interviewed concerning their educational Four research studies conducted to provide backgrounds, the conditions they considered the necessary experience to develop the design of conducive to productivity, and their recommen- an operational center for research oneducational dations for the selection and training of future policy. The selection of the problems involved research personnel. The degree of sophistication was guided by the concept thateducational in design and analysis characteristic of recent policy research should apply the techniques of doctoral dissertations were also examined and long-range forecasting and goal-oriented sys- analyzed. The investigation revealed that certain tems design to the allocation of total educational variables are related to productivity, among them resources. The four studies, representing a range being that the most productive scholars were of educationally significant problems, are: 1) an generallyyoungerthanthenonproductive inventory of knowledge on human potentialities group, and that they had taken a programof for growth and development, 2) preliminary fore- liberal studies as undergraduates. Perhaps the casting of alternative futures for the educational most striking of the findings was that there was system and for society, 3) more specific forecast- little change in the characteristics of persons who ing of alternative futures for urban education, obtained the doctorate in education in 1954 and and 4) a retrospective examination and modeling 1964 (most graduate students spent only part- of processes of change and innovation in the time on their studies, and too few had a broad educational system. undergraduate liberal arts background). JONES, LEWIS CRONBACK, LEE J. "A Consortium forInstitutionalResearch." "ResearchTraining Program Development." Research in Education, October 1967(10), 17. Research in Education, 1966(1), Project Resumes, 20. U.S. Department of Health, Education, and An initial study project in a projected long- Welfare, Washington, D.C. term program for institutional and interinstitu- 121 Research tional research among Clark College, Dillard levels, and 4) evaluate the effect that modified University, Fisk University, Houston-Tillotson instructions have upon the predictive validity of College, Lemoyne College, Talladega College, the academic scales and the self-rating scale. A and Tougaloo College. Aims to provide neces- significant part of the study will be an attempt to sary information that will enable seven private use the modified instructions with the scales to and predominantly Negro colleges to effectively elicit from the student a profile that is more meet the challenges that are presented by the valid for selection purposes. revolution in civil rights and recent develop- ments in education. The premise of the study is LESSER, GERALD S. that the greatest impetus, and the most realistic proposals for effective change in the institutions "Educational Research Training Program in making up the consortium, will come through a Human Development." Research in Education, November 1966(1), Project Resumes, page 9. scientific self-study by each institution with those who would have the responsibility for effecting A program to prepare graduate students for change participating in the study and helping to research and college teaching in those aspects of formulate the concluding recommendations. the behavioral sciences which are of greatest value in aiding an understanding of the educa- JOHNSON, RICHARD tional process. It seeks to establish the closest ties between the behavioral sciences and educa- "The Effectiveness of Academic Interest Scales tional practice. in Predicting College Achievement." Research in Education, 1967(10), 24. SEIBER, S. D., AND PAUL A study to validate some newly developed aca- LAZARSFELD demic interest scales, involving approximately 500 entering male freshmen students in the col- The Organization of Educational Research. New lege of arts and sciences at the University of York: Columbia University Bureau of Applied Social Research. Cooperative Research Project Massachusetts.Scalesweredeveloped from strong vocational academic interest blank scales: 1974, 1966. 1) to aid in the prediction of academic achieve- A comprehensive study including: 1) the value ment and 2) to help gain better understanding ofof climate arrangements for research, 2) recruit- the motivational and temperamental factors as- ment policies and joint arrangements with other sociated with college achievement. The objectives substantive areas, 3) structure of research units, of this research project are to: 1) cross-validate 4) the leadership and/or managerial role of the the scales in terms of their effectiveness in ac- research director, 5) problems of service involve- counting for that part of the variance in college ment and relationship to research conception, grades not already accounted for by readily and 6) graduate programs for careers in re- available predictors, 2) determine the relative search.Contains recommendationsforim- effectiveness of a single item, self-rating scale in proving the quality of graduate programs of predicting college achievement,. 3) study the research, and for more effective organization of relationship between the academic interest scales experiences and programs in research training and first grade point average at different ability are offered.

EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGYinformationtransfer by video tapes, computer assisted instruction, and other media.

'CURRENT RESEARCH room will simulate operating amphitheater and will house the computer-controlled patient ma- ABRAHAMSON, STEPHEN chine. Assessment of learning by five first-year residentstudents. Comparisonwithcontrol Developmental Study of Medical Training Simu- group toward the conclusion of training period. lators for Anestheseologists Student and faculty competence will be deter- School of Medicine, University of Southern Cali- mined by critical examination of official hospital fornia, Los Angeles, Calif.; U.S. Office of Educa- anesthesia charts; comprehensive evaluation is tion; January 1966November 1968. completely by humans. An experimental and developmental project to demonstrate the practicability of using a ALLEN, RUTH computer-controlled patient-simulator, to teach medical students necessary skills in the anesthe- Audio-Tutorial Approach to Teaching Introduc- sia maneuver of endotracheal intubation. Special tory Biochemistry

122 Functions Biochemistry Department, Michigan State Uni- A study and collection of information on the versity, East Lansing, Mich.;Institutional; July quality factors related to instructional material 1967June 1969. and programs for use in higher education, by An experimental comparison of student per- means of conferences, interviews,fieldtrips, formance when learning takes place primarily,samples of instructional units and courses. An by means of independent carrels and by lecture attempt toidentify"factors and conditions method. Involves 100 students (experimental) whichaffectsignificantlythequalitiesand gathering for one large group discussion one effectiveness of instructional materials." hour per week, scheduled one-hour recitation per week, and at least three hours per week study CORRIGAN, R. E., AND R. A. in audiotutorial carrel with the use of slides, KAUFMAN transparencies, and three-dimensional models; Instructional System Technology and 200 students meeting for five lectures per week. Experimental part of course is of three Instructional Techniques Department, Chapman weeks' duration, all receiving five lectures per College, Orange, Calif.;U.S. Office of Educa- week throughout the other six weeks of the tion; September 1966August 1968. course. During the summer session (June 20 An exploratory study to determine "the useful- August 27) the entire 10-week course was put ness of basing curriculum on formal problem- into the carrel format (carrel/recitation/lecture solving methodologies, and integrating content per week) for the 60 students enrolled in the and methodology rather than having strictly con- course. Publication of data concerning retention, tent and fact-oriented courses, (and) to deter- motivational changes and academic performance mine the functional utility of devising. . . a will be forthcoming. curriculum based upon System Analysis tech- niques..." Uses several performance rm:asures BARKER, L. J. to trace development of 25 experienced teachers and other "educational professions," and a Development of a Low-Cost Teaching Carrel number of military and industrial training pro- Australian Council for Educational Research, fessionals who attempt in practice to "integrate Hawthorn East 2, Victoria, Australia;Common- substantive content with effective ...strategies wealth of Australia; 1967-1969. of instruction."

BORG, WALTER, AND WARREN EDLING, JACK V. KALLENBACH Median and Innovation Institute for College Minicourse: For In-Service Education of Teachers Teachers Far West Laboratory for Educat'onal Research Teaching Research Division, Oregon State System and Development, Berkeley, Calif.;U.S. Office of Higher Education, Monmouth, Oreg. 97361; of Education; Spring 1967Summer 1968. U.S. Office of Educatior; August 1967June 1968. A developmental project, using an adaptation of the micro-teaching approach, bcginning with A project to develop an institute to inform 100 elementary student teachers at three western faculty representatives and executives of each of institutions, whereby an in-service teacher uses the institutionsin southern Washington and video tape for self-evaluation, and later peer Oregon (75) of current developments related to interaction for evaluation of teaching skills with the improvement of instruction. Three television small groups of students. The particular skills programs and much auxiliat y material are being for this development have to do with effective developed toward the improvement of instruc- questioninginclassroomdiscussionswith tional systems in higher education. fourth-,fifth-, and sixth-grade ..eachers. Five sequences of four days each comprise the mini- EDLING, JACK V. course. Future minicourse programs will test National Special Media Institute in the Behavioral and develop courses concerning teaching skills Sciences needed with nontypical pupil groups, new edu- cational settings, and new and different cur- Teaching Research Division, Oregon State System ricula. of Higher Education, Montnouth, Oreg 97361; U.S. Office of Education; November 1967 CARPENTER, C. R. June 1968. A project to develop a manual to provide 25 Factors Affecting Quality of Instructional Media directors of media institutes with knowledge Pennsylvania State University, University Park, from the behavioral sciences that may be useful Pa.;U.S. Office of Education; June 1967June in designing more efficient instructional systems 1968. in higher education.

123 Educational Technology -,

FINK, ABEL K. derived from strings of test items, stratified at Video Tape as an Adjunct to Sensitivity Training varying difficulty levels, that reflect a presumed hierarchical structure of the subject matter. The State University College, 1300 Elmwood Avenue, study will investigate the usefulness of such a Buffalo,N. Y9;Institutional;August 1967 test in a computer-based administration where D ecem ber 1970. students would be sequentially questioned in a A project to explore and evaluate the use of fashion similar to a structured interview." video tape as an aspect of the sensitivity experi- ence, to study the sensitivity trainials process via HANSEN, DUNCAN N., DICK, W., the capture on video tape of critical iucidents in LIPPERT, H. T., AND R. R. LEE group interaction. Uses accumulated video tapes Collegiate Instruction of Physics via Computer- as the basis for the production of educational Assisted Instruction materials. This project represents an effort to capture on video tape an actual sensitivity train- Computer-Assisted InstructionCenter,Florida ing experience, an effort to enhance our under- State University, Tallahassee, Fla. 32306; U.S. standing of the use of television as a trainingOffice of Education; October 1966August adjunct, and an opportunity toaccumulate 1968. taped sequences of group behavior having both A project to "prepare and perfect a Computer- teaching and research application. Assisted Instruction course in introductory col- legiate physics and then compare it with the GILBERT, JAMES E., AND conventional lecture presentation of the course. ALVIN KENT The comparison will furnish information about Auto-Instruction in a Stenotype Teaching System 1) the learning effectiveness of the two modes of Office of Educational Resources, Northeastern instruction;2)specific learning difficultiesin University, Boston, Mass. 02115; U.S. Office of physics experienced by college students; 3) stu- Naval Research; June 1966June 1968. dents' reactions to the two modes of presenta- tion; 4) relative costs and procedural require- An exploratory development using 40 subjects ments of the two modes of instruction; and 5) and the stenograph, an electronic teaching ma- the relationships between variables of learning chine, in administering a course in stenotype and attitude in Computer-Assisted Instruction theory through "auto-instructional facilities... and other psychological variables manifested in intended to reduce present conventional training aptitude and personality patterns ..." time, improve accuracy...., develop stenotyping speed to a prescribed level and establish a. . HOEVELL, CLARENCE M. vocabulary of high frequency abbreviations.. ." Experiment in Computer Assisted Instruction with HAMBLEN, JOHN W. a Multi-Campus Network Inventory of Computers, Their Applications and Research Institutein Learning and Instruction, Instructional Programs in United States Higher State University of New York, Albany, N.Y.; Education InternationalBusinessMachines;September 1968-1970. Southern Regional Education Board, 130 6th Street,N.W., Atlanta,Ga. 30313; National A project testing computer-assisted instruc- ScienceFoundation& SouthernRegional tion course materials and their adaptability to a EducationBoard;March1967December multicampus network by telephone lines linking 1968. 10 campuses (seven State University of New York campuses and three from the New York Inventoryviaquestionnaire of "allpost- City university system), this joint research en- secondary institutions(approximately 2400)" deavor introduces and develops the new instruc- to establish data file on computers, their utiliza- tional technology,operatesthe multicampus tion, and computer science degree programs in network,evaluatesthematerialused,and United States higher education. evaluates the economic factors of preparing and adapting materials for this use. HANSEN, DUNCAN, AND GUENTER SCHWARTZ INFORONICS, INC. (see Nelson-Jones, Investigation of Computer-Based Science Testing Richard) Florida State University, Tallahassee, Fla. 32306; Computer-Based New England Regional Library College Entrance Examination Board; October Technical Processing Center 1968August 1969. New England Board of Higher Education, 20 Wal- "Computer basedtests of achievement in nut Street, Wellesley, Mass. 02181; Council on undergraduate physics and chemistry will be Library Resources; 1967.

124Functions Having surveyed each of six New England KOENIG, H. E., KEENEY, M. G., AND state university libraries to document the details R. ZEMACH of their respective processing requirements, four tasks have been identified for the development Systems Approach to Higher Education (Final of a regional center for computer-based techni- Phase) cal processing:1) setting up procedures and College of Engineering, Michigan State Univer- programs to build a catalog data file (com- sity, East Lansing, Mich. 48823; National Science pleted), 2) developing programs for searching Foundation; October 1965June 1968. the master file developed in task 1 (completed), A project to develop a simulation model of 3) extending the search capability of the ma- institutions of higher education for resource allo- chine-form catalog to support technical pro- cation and automatic budgeting, which uses cessing activities in acquisitions, 4) pilot opera- "machine addressable files (student records and tion of the New England regional center. "It is student master files) and locally designed ques- hoped to extend participation in its services to tionnaires to evaluate influence of financial aid colleges and university libraries within the New on enrollments." England region." KOSKI, ROBERT W. JOYCE, BRUCE R. Development of a Simulation Management Plan- Supervision of Student Teachers When Educa- ning Model tional Media Are Employed (for critique) University of Washington, Seattle, Wash. 98105; U.S. Office of Education, Esso Foundation & TeachersCollege,ColumbiaUniversity, New Institutional; October 1966January 1968. York, N.Y. 10027; U.S. Office of Education; 1967. "Development of a simulation management planning model (based on the University of A comparative analysis and assessment ofWashington) using high speed computers of change required in supervision of student teach- large storage capacity, to express the relation- ers as they learn to use videotape, film, and sound ships among students, staff, and space that are recordings to analyze their own teaching skills. pertinent to the administrative decisions of a "Judgment reports by students, faculty, and college or university, by which trends of the past cooperating schools will provide data on:1) and analysis of the present situation can be used necessary amount of classroom visitation...in to explore implications for the future." addition to the feedback supervision, 2) extent to which a supervising teacher can conduct a feed- MARVIN, S. L. (Colonel) back session, 3) the amount of large groups in- struction required before a teacher employs the Use of Computer Aids to Determine Patterns in system for himself, and 4) effectiveness of student Paranoid Language teachers conducting feedback independent of Headquarters, U.S. Army Medical Research and faculty." Development Command, Behavioral Science Re- search Bureau, Washington, D.C.; U.S. Army; 1965. KLEINE, LOUIS W. "Severely disturbed paranoid patients are rou- Development and Testing of Mobile Instructional tinely seen in individual psychotherapy at least Facility for Courses in Engineering Technology four hours weekly in Chestnut Lodge Sanita- rium. When this language is recorded, it will College of Engineering, New Mexico State Uni- become the world's most concentrated and pure versity, University Park, N.M. 88070; U.S. Office source of paranoid language. The problem can of Education; Completion date-1968. be studied here with the greatestefficiency. A developmental, (1966 "progress-recordingfacilitiesare now comparativestudy"to complete and operative"). assess the educational and economic feasibility of providing mobile laboratory facilities for classes in applied electricity at branch colleges MATHIS, B. CLAUDE of New Mexico State University, "1) by acquir- Evaluation of the College Suggestor, a Data ing and equipping a mobile facility, 2) concur- Retrieval Device rently conducting training at two branch insti- tutions, using mobile laboratory, and 3) com- Northwestern University, Evanston,Ill. 60201; paring the learned skills of students who have U.S. Office of Education; May 1967August used the mobile laboratory with skills of students 1968. who have used only the permanent laboratory at "The college suggestor is a manual system for the state university. a student to systematically match his abilities, 125 Educational Technology interests, aspirations, and needs with a college such variables of enrollment, faculty lines, space, at which these personal assets may be fulfilled. support, and library resources, as possible. It is It consists of a manual, optical-coincidence, in- a primitive simulator .. ." verted, file-card sort system. The college sug- gestor classifies, for instant retrieval, information MITZEL, HAROLD characterizing 1,931juniorcolleges,colleges, universities. Three hundred sets of the prototype Development and Evaluation of Teleprocessed college suggestor will be placed in five Mid- Computer-Assisted InstructionCoursesinthe Western high schools where their use will be Recognition of Malaria evaluated in two different situationsstudent College of Education, Pennsylvania State Univer- counseling and independent student browsing. sity, University Park, Pa. 16802; Office of Naval Research; May 1967June 1968. McGINN, NOEL, DAVIS, RUSSELL G., AND RICHARD G. KING MITZEL, H., AND G. BRANDON Technology of Instruction in Mexican Universities Experimentation with Computer-Assisted Instruc- Center for Studies in Education, Harvard Univer- tion in Technical Education sity, Cambridge, Mass. 02138; Ford Foundation College of Education, Pennsylvania State Univer- & Education and World Affairs; 1966-1968. sity, University Park, Pa. 16802; U.S. Offiez of A descriptive survey and analysis of the use of Education; July 1967June 1968. teaching aids. in the universities of Mexico, by means of interview questionnaires with directors MORTON, M. S., AND Z. S. ZANNETOS of 210 faculties and 417 professors (not all full- Associative Learning Project time). The Sloan School of Management, Massachusetts MERRILL, IRVING R., FARBER, Instituteof Technology,Cambridge,Mass.; SEYMOUR M., AND RUBY B. YARYAN 1968-1970. TV as Aid to Continuing Medical Education A study of the "impact of technology on the learning process... to be focused initially on the

Medical Center, University of California, Berke- role and potential of computer-based systems... ley, Calif. 94720; Public Health ServiceU.S. that permit association between concepts on the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare; basis of content, thus providing a potentially 1965-1967. integrative and truly flexible tool." The present A study of factors affecting what a research will consist of experiments with associa- learns and remembers from viewing a television tive learning schemes, including "visual display presentation was conducted between , systems ...with associative learning packages 1965 and December 31, 1967. The first project which will be ready for testing within the present measured the effects of effort and reinforcement academic year" (1968-1969). Hypotheses to be on initial learning, enjoyment, and retention of tested include: 1) the student learns faster if ma- learningby medical personnel. The second terial is presented in a logical fashion; 2) knowl- project measured the effectiveness of eight types edge obtained is more productive if presented in of visual presentation at different stages of the a context which suggests association with other learning process. The third project measured the material or fields; 3) the learning process is more effect of length and frequency of television pres- efficient if the system allows both programmed entations on the attendance and learning of gen- instruction and flexible search; 4) learning is eral practitioners. The two laboratory experi- mainly an associative process; 5) computerized ments involved the programmed text and thesystems are more efficientthan competitive motion picture film, and the field experiment systems. involved the videotape recording. NANCE, RICHARD E. (Dissertation) MILLER, ROBERT L., AND A. J. Strategic Simulation of a Library/User/ Finder DUCANIS System A Machine Program to Give Administrators a Purdue University, Lafayette, Ind. 47907; Per- Comprehensive Snapshot of a Campus sonal; 1967-1968. StateUniversity of New York, Binghamton, N.Y. 13901; Institutional; 1967. A simulation on digital computer of a univer- sity library's "dynamic behavior rather than at- Development of a "machine program that can tempting to prescribe optimal behavior, as a be used to give administrators a comprehensive nonprofit organization... rather than a profit- snapshot of the campus, using basic university motivated organization" on which simulation formulae and taking into account as many of has hitherto been used. Applies statement of 126Functions library goals to three Purdue departmental li- THORNTON, JAMES W., JR. braries.Significant concept:theamount of Higher Education Media Study "control" exercised by the servicers, exemplified by the maintenance of open or closed stacks, School of Education, San Jose State College, San loan and return policies, enforcement, degree to Jose, Calif 95114; National Education Associa- which interaction with the users isutilized in tion; Completion date-1968. prescribing library policy. (Mr. Nance's address An updating of the 1963 National Education is: Institute of Technology, Computer Sciences Association publication New Media in Higher Center, Southern Methodist University, , Education, gathering data from "correspondence Tex. 75222.) with 1500 colleges and universities and on-site visits to 60 ... for new descriptions of innovative RIZZOLO, RALPH uses of new media of communication in instruc- tion." ExperimentalTape-RecordingsforTeaching Sensitivity to Musical Intonation VELDMAN, DONALD J., AND U.S.Office of Education; June26, 1967 SHIRLEY MENAKER , 1968. Automated Assessment of Motivation for Teacher Certification An experimental technique developed "to train student-conductors to handle intonation Research and Development Center in Teacher within the musical ensemble will be used...to Education,University of Texas,Austin,Tex. discover what differences, if any, exists between 78712; U.S. Office of Education; Not yet under- two groups of music students in 1) their ability way. to improve their sensitivity to errors in intona- "Students ... entering the teacher education tion and 2) their ability to adjust errors of into- course sequence (juniors) will be interviewed by nation in triads and chords within the perform- the computer (IBM 1401) through a typewriter ing ensemble. Two groups of 20 undergraduate console. The primary advantage of this approach music students will be randomly selected and to assessment lies in the ability of the machine pre- and post-tested. Intonation will be taught to select the question sequence automatically ac- to the control group by the traditional method, cording to the nature of replies to previous ques- and the experimental group will be taught by tions. Although the initial focus...will be upon both the traditional method and the experi- motivation for enteringthe program," later mental method which is based upon the use of efforts will expand into other kinds of assess- 18 prepared magnetic tapes and a set of nine test ment. tapes including the pre- and post-test." VELDMAN, DONALD J. SKAPSKE, GEORGE Intensive Assessment Interviews by Computer Feasibility of ProducingSynchronizedVideo- Research and Development Center in Teacher tapes as Instructional Aids in the Study of Music Education,University of Texas,Austin,Tex. San Fernando Valley State College, Northridge, 78712; 1967-1968. Calif.18111; U.S. Office of Education; June "The common responses of a large sample of 1967February 1969. freshmen college students (to selected questions) were used ... to conduct a (computer) program "The major objective of this project is to ascer- which presented subjects at a time-shared com- tain the relative advantages of video tapes over puter terminal with sentence completion stems, other audio-visual media for the purpose of in- and then responded ... to their replies with fur- struction in music. Pilot programs are to be re- ther questions ...it might serve as a prototype corded on separate video tapes of approximately of future programs which could conduct inten- 50 minutes duration, and will aim at the integra- sive assessment interviews." tion of sound with the corresponding visuals of performance, synchronized notation, and ana- lytical graphs. The programs are designed as a VICTOR, DORIS H. series of educational aids or library materials in Current Use of Computers in College Libraries courses dealing primarily with music literature, performance, history, and form. The experi- Nassau Community College,Stewart Avenue, mentation will be directed to produce video Garden City, N.Y. 11530; Personal; September tapes permitting continuous or interrupted play- 1967May 1968. backs through television receivers attached to A descriptive survey of 41 college libraries in video tape recorders or by use of closed circuit the United States which arc using computers, by systems." means of questionnaires and some interviews, 127 Educational Technology "to determine the extent of actual ...applica- An abstract of the experimental literature on tions of such computer mechanization to acqui- instructional television and instructional film re- sitions work in these libraries." search since 1950. The report does not include historical or descriptive studies, reports of sur- WALTER, JOHN F. (Dissertation) veys, surveys of research, and other nonexperi- The Effect of Programmed Instruction on the mental reports. The number and description of Independent Study of Conventional (Mathemati- subjects, criterion instruments, reliability and cal) Material validity data, and some statistics are included. The abstracts in this study fall into certain School of Education, New York University, New categories under which the trends are discussed, York, N.Y. 10003; Institutional & Personal; including comparisions of televised with direct September 1966June 1968. or face tofaceinstruction, comparisons of An experimental study of first year calculus filmed or kinescoped courses with direct direc- students at Nassau Community College (131) by tion, and studies of attitudes related to instruc- means of tests, student questionnaires and inter- tional television. Over 300 abstracts constitute views with faculty members, "to determine the the main body of the report, and these represent effect of the use of programmed material on the a substantial sampling of the research on instruc- ability of students with an array of mathematics tional films and instructional television in the Scholastic Aptitude Test scores to learn selected period 1950 to 1964. The main purpose of the topics in first year calculus and analytic geome- review is to point out the directions in which try by independent study from a conventional research of this nature has been going, the mathematics text and to determine the attitudes present status of such research, and some pos- of instructors and students to the use of pro- sible future directions. grammed units as homework assignments. SHELL, WILLIAM YALE UNIVERSITY "The Differential Effect of Interim Testing in the Study of Methods for Organizing and Searching Use of an Auto-instructional Program in an Bibliographic Data in Computerized Catalogs of Area of General Science for Teachers." Research Large Libraries in Education, March 1967(3), 3-4. Yale University, New Haven, Conn.; Old Do- Research to determine the differential effect of minion Fund; 1967-1969. interim testing in the use of auto-instructional programs. An auto-instructional program on atomic structure and bonding was administered 1966-1967 RESEARCH to some eighty undergraduate students of educa- tion. The experimental as well as the control ORR, DAVID group received a pretest, a post-test, and a reten- "Analyses and Evaluation of Present and Future tion test six weeks after the completion of the Multi-Media Needs in Higher Education." Re- programmedinstructions.Theexperimental search in Education, August 1967(8), 15. groups received interim tests after approximately every 160 frames. Results of the Nelson-Denny A study to develop criteria and procedures for reading test and the science section of the Ameri- the comparative evaluationof instructional can College Test were also used to determine the media and their uses. Utilizes concepts of multi- reading and science achievement levels of both media and media as parts of a learning system. groups. An analysis of co-variance was used to A learning model would be constructed and determine:1) the interaction of ability, and viewed by educational technology specialists for previous science background on achievement and its comprehensiveness. A verified model would retention, and 2) the main effects that frequency be used to develop a framework for cost benefits of testing has on the achievement and retention analysis procedures. These procedures would be levels of high and low ability students. used to evaluate and compare the various learn- ing systems developed. The results of the project USLAND, DAVID should provide practical criteria for the educator- decision maker in his choice of instructional "Feasibility of Using an Experimental Labo- media. ratory for Identifying Classroom Multi-Media Problems and Requirements." Research in Edu- REID, J. CHRISTOPHER, AND cation, October 1967(10), 13. DONALD W. MACLENNAN An investigation of various practical problems Research in Instructional Television and Film. of the use of multi-media at the classroom level. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Health, A prototype experimental laboratory would be Education and Welfare, U.S. Government Print- used to analyze problems and design alternate, ing Office, 1967. innovative facilities for effective use of multi-

128Functions media. Current problems in the classroom use of and administrator; 3) the facility and equipment multi-media are to be identified by a conference needs for independent study, small-group study, of educators. Problems to be considered include: medium-group study and large group study; and 1) effective and efficient use of learning media in 4) the advantages, disadvantages and conse- education; 2) the principles of educational plan- quences of using an experimental laboratory to ning of primary concern to the architect, teacher, study multi-media problems.

STUDENT PERSONNEL SERVICESmainly studies on counseling pro- grams and student attitude change

CURRENT RESEARCH CHRISTIE, ROBERTA Relationships between Personality BAGBY, GERALDINE, AND Characteristics and Counseling Attitudes JOHN W. SNYDER EducationDepartment, LoyolaUniversityof Analysis of Counseling Needs Indicated by Gross Chicago, Chicago, Ill.; Institutional; 1963-1968. Differentials in High School Rank, Scholastic A testing of 148 graduate students in coun- Aptitude Test Scores seling at Loyola University, using the Omnibus Indiana University, Bloomington, Ind.; Instit u- Personnel Inventory and Reeves Counseling At- tional ; 1966June 1968. titude Scales, "to ascertain any measurable per- sonality characteristics that appear to be related A comparative study examining the "total cur- to attitudes towards students in counseling and ricular success of four classes of students who student personnel work situations," to discover have proceeded through North Central High in guidelines for screening applicants for admission Indianapolis and through Indiana University... to programs in counseling and personnel work to seek to determine whether academic behavior Testing hypothesis. in high school can be used to anticipate par- ticularscores and problems with Scholastic CHRISTIE, ROBERTA, AND ROBERT Aptitude Test examinations,... to seek to deter- BROWN mine whether or not changes in input both in high schools and college can effect changes in Changes in Attitudes toward Students by cognitive attitudes and thus success in higher Student Personnel Workers education." Seeks ways by which information EducationDepartment, LoyolaUniversityof from aptitude tests can be used for counseling Chicago, Chicago, Ill.; Institutional; 1967-1968. purposes. An attempt to measure changes in attitudes of student personnel workers during participation BARGER, BENJAMIN, AND in a summer National Defense Education Act EVERETTE HALL, JR. Institute, given pre- and post-institute for self Preventive Action in College Mental Health and given pre- and post- as for "ideal sopho- more." Possible basis for evaluating effectiveness University of Florida, Gainesville, Fla, 32601; of such institutes. National Institute of Mental Health; September 1965August 1970 CUMMING, J. D. An exploratory field study of successive sam- University Health Services and Student Needs ples of enteringstudents,usingintitutional sources of data as well as interviews with 300 University of Reading (Great Britain), Reading, students per academic year plus up to 2,000 in Berkshire, England; Institutional; October 1965 summer anticipatory counseling programs, to 1969. study the transitional experiences and adaptative A project designed to obtain information con- behavior of entering students. Study should : cerning the physical and mental health of fresh- 1) help define sources of vulnerability, 2) guide men (annually) prior to their arrival at the Uni- the development of action programs for early versity. Information about social background intervention, and 3)provide counseling and and the family physicians' assessments of social guidance personnel in university and secondary adjustmentiscorrelated with academic per- schools "with realistic frames of reference re- formance and emotional disturbances occurring garding transitional experiences and coping be- during the undergradaute course. It is hoped that havior of students." an analysis of results will lead to a better under-

129 StudentPersonnel Services TWPVEWITry,

standing of those students most likely to become sity,Corvallis,Oreg. 97331;U.S.Office of academic casualties. The study depends on the Education; January 1968. establishment of close personal communication Comparison through individual counseling of between the university medical officer and the 220 to 250 Oregon State University male stu- family doctor of each student. dents "to investigate the feasibility of specialized GRANT, W. HAROLD individual counseling as a practical method for assisting male college students referred to student Behavioral Changes Influenced by Counselling personnel administrators for official disciplinary and Environment action, and to discern what type or technique of Department of Counselling and Personnel Serv- counseling offers the best hope for rehabilitation. ices, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Mich. 48823; Institutional & Theta Xi Founda- LEMAY, MORRIS L., DYER, ROBERT D:, tion. HAUN, FRANZ J., AND JANICE CRIST An experimental field study using the Myers- Opinions of Parents, Students, Student Leaders and Faculty Concerning Student Personnel Briggs Type Indicator with 100 subjectsin Michigan State University residence halls and a Functions and Services Carnegie-Mellon university affiliated fraternity, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oreg. 97331; to help determine whether existing university Institutional; Fall 1967February 1968. personnel and organizations, such as dormi- An opinion survey with questionnaires from tories, fraternities, and housing co-ops, can be 996 parents, 966 students, 620 faculty, and 104 utilized to promote specific behavioral changes student leaders pertaining to: 1) type and nature and student development. of living regulations expected, 2) student aca- demic freedom, 3) student conduct on the cam- HEDLUND, DALVA E. pus as well as off campus conduct, 4) student Counseling.. .Services in Two-Year Colleges, government and student participationin the New York State university government, and 5) non-academic Education Department, Cornell University, Itha- services provided or which should be provided. ca, N.Y. 14850; State of New York; February 1968June 1968. PAUK, WALTER, AND RUSSELL N. CASSEL A descriptive field study of the functions of student personnel workers in 36 public two-year Study-Skills Inventory colleges in New York State, largely by means of University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis. 53211; questionnaires to 1,000 students, 600 faculty Institutional; June 1966June 1969. members, and 300 counselors. Aims to improve the student personnel services in the two-year This developmental project includes a com- colleges. parative study of 150 students in each of four institutions (University of Liberia, Cornell Uni- IVEY, ALLEN E. versity, University of Wisconsin, and Milwaukee Institute of Technology) in study skills, "to Micro-Teaching and Counselor Lducation develop a study skills inventory for use with col- Counseling Center, Colorado State University, lege freshmen forguidance and counseling Fort Collins, Coio.; Kettering Foundation; Janu- purposes." ary 1967August 1969. An exploratory attempt to develop "television RAND, LEONARD P., AND programs to teach beginning counselors how to DONALD CAREW counsel," in which 150 university students have Evaluation of Training Methods for so far participated, toward the development of Undergraduate Hall Staff "new and programmed ,ise of television for College of Education, Ohio University, Columbus, counselor and teacher training...in such way Ohio 43210; Institutional; September 1967 as to provide instant feedback in the classroom. . ... may be a new model for counseling and ther- apy." An experimental study, involving 96 students (four experimental groups, two control) in an LEMAY, MORRIS L. undergraduate residence hall, to evaluate the effectiveness of resident assistants in residence Effects of Vocational, Supportive, and Directive hall program in Ohio University, fall quarter, CounselingontheAcademicRecovery and 1967-1968. The categories to be studied are: Recidivist and Attrition Rates of Male College 1) effectiveness with individual residents, 2) ef- Students Referred for Disciplinary Offenses. fectiveness with groups of residents, 3) success Office of Dean of Students, Oregon State Univer- as a staff member, 4) ability to learn how to be

130 Functions

3 more effective while on the job, and 5) overall . May be implications for organizing other effectiveness as a residence assistant. A formal residential settings so as to promote more mean- aim is "to evaluate the use of undergraduates as ingful.social experience. counselors and teachers of other undergradu- ates." WALZ, GARRY R. An Optimal Program of Student Personnel RAYDER, NICHOLAS F., AND Services for Disadvantaged Students KAY E. WHITE School of Education, University of Michigan, Ann Impact of Selective Hours System on Residence Arbor, Mich.; U.S. Office of Education; June Hall Students 1968July 1969. Office of Evaluation Services, Michigan State Uni- Phase I of this research will search out and versity, East Lansing, Mich. 48823; Institutional; describe, by means of library and field investiga- Winter 1968Winter 1969. tions,exemplarystudentpersonnelservices which aid students from disadvantaged back- A questionnaire survey of over 8,000 women grounds in their college activities. Phase II will students in residence halls at Michigan State construct a model for an "optimal program of University and over 8,000 male students in student personnel services" for assisting students March 1968 (76 % return from females, 62% in various situations "from disadvantaged back- from males): 1) "to assess the impact of the grounds."(Particular"disadvantages"not selective hours system for women on their specified.) educational patterns, social and peer relation- ships, and to examine parental reactions to this policy; 2) to examine and compare reactions 1966-1967 RESEARCH made by male students ..., 3) to.. .aid in makingdecisionsabout selectivehours for HILL, ARTHUR H., AND freshman women." Students evaluate a policy LAURABETH GRIENEEKS instituted in fall 1967, giving 21-year-old co-eds "An Evaluation of Academic Counselling of (sophomore through senior) permission "to leave Under- and Over-Achievers." Journal of Coun- and return to their university residences at any selling Psychology, 1966, 13(3), 325-328. hour." Questions examined include: Is selective hours policy affecting roommate relationships? A study using grade point average as the Are students studying less? Are the later hours criterion to test the hypotheses that academic used significantly more for academic, cultural counselling is effective in improving the per- formance of under-achievers and maintaining the activity? performance of over-achievers. Control subjects were matched so that the expected effect of SINNETT, E. ROBERT regression would be statistically controlled. Both A Rehabilitation Living Unit in a male and female under-achievers improved no University Dormitory more than matched under-achieving controls, but their improvement was significantly greater than Department of Mental Health, Kansas State Uni- versity, Manhattan, Kans. 66502; Veterans Re- the decrement in GPA of matched over-achieving habilitation Association & Institutional; Febru- controls. The results for over-achievers were ary 1966June 1969. mirror images, with significantly less decrement in GPA for counselees than the improvement for An experimental study, using interviews and matched under-achieving controls. Further anal- established instruments with 50 emotionally dis- ysis showed that the greater gain for under- turbed university students and a control group achievers could be attributed to a greater regres- of 50 other students, to "evaluate effectiveness of sion effect rather than to a beneficial effect of experimental living unit as treatment approach. counseling.

SERVING CLIENTELE EXTERNAL TO THE INSTITUTIONusually in society or constituency. Includes studies on continuing education and the impact of higher education for industry.

'CURRENT RESEARCH Center for ResearchinUrban Government, Loyola University, Chicago, Ill.; Federal Title I; BANOVETZ, JAMES M. July 1967December 1968. Urban Service Involvement of Illinois A systematic attempt to collect pertinent data Institutions of Higher Education on community needs, and current community

131 Serving Clientele External to the Institufion

II S.

service programming, to disseminate this infor- To improve the effectiveness of libraries as edu- mation to local government officials, and "to cational agencies, and to suggest new ways in bring together officials from academic institu- which libraries might provide service to the tions and government agencies to explore jointly changing population of urban communities. the possibility of better coordinating academic capabilities with local community needs." May BONNEN, J. T. provide guidelines on how federal funds avail- able to support community service program- The Role of the University in Public Affairs ming might be spent to greatest effect. Michigan State University, P. 0. Box 268, East Lansing, Mich.; The National Association of BERENGARTEN, SIDNEY, AND State Universities and Land Grant Colleges & GEORGE BRAGER Carnegie Corporation; April 1968June 1970. Experimental Field Placement (of students) in A widespread exploration of the public service- Community Organizations public affairs decision-making system of which School of Social Work, Columbia University, New the university (public and private) is a part and York, N. Y., Office of Juvenile Delinquency, & the role of the university in that system, as well U.S. Department of Health,Education and as the relationship of public affairs among the Welfare; September 1967August 1968. other missions of the university. Phase I: Recon- naissance survey to define nature of problem and A development and dissemination program, the major issues of university role in public creating new curriculum through experiences affairs. Phase II: Mapping out the public affairs from an experimental training program which system through non-directive interviews with places graduate social work students in areas of people in various roles in public affairs organiza- poverty and youth deviancy for training. "Two tions and descriptions of those organizations and student units, each consisting of a field instruc- their activities (state legislative committee mem- tor and six graduate students, have been estab- bers, federal agencies, private organizations). lished in non-traditional, non-social work set- Securing more detailed, complete information tings, the Congress of Racial Equality and Local about university activities in public affairs. Study 1199, Drug and Hospital Employees Union. raises three general questions: What is the nature Three on-going student units are also included of the public affairs decision-making system of in the analysis plan of the project, as well as the which the university is a part? The role of uni- other community organization placements ofversity in that system and relationship to other the school." Projectincludes a comparative parts of system? The place of public affairs mis- evaluation of the effectiveness of the experimen- sion among the various emerging missions of the tal and nonexperimental placements, a study of university? Processes of public affairs decision- the students and their backgrounds and orienta- making will be treated as a social system. Inter- tions, and an annotated casebook on orga- esting questions raised: Should universities de- nizing low income youth and adults including a vise comprehensive programs of public involve- statement of major concepts. ment? How should the university defend itself against demands for involvement? What is the BJORKQUIST, D. regionalrole of university regarding human Effects of Field and Job Oriented Technical problems, for example, delinquency, social wel- fare, urban blight...? RetrainingonManpowerUtilizationof the Unemployed BRISCO, BILL (Dissertation) College of Education, Pennsylvania State Univer- sity, University Park, Pa.; U.S. Office of Educa- Continuing Education: A Study of University tionBureau of Research; Professors and Industrial Personnel June 1968. ContinuingEducationDivision,University of Missouri, Kansas City, Mo.; Personal; April BLASINGAME, RALPH 1966March 1968. New Bases for Library and Information Services A comparative study, using questionnaires in Metropolitan Areas with 283 university faculty members and 178 higher echelon industrial personnel, "to deter- Rutgers University, New Brunswick, N.J.; U.S. mine and compare opinions... about continuing Office of Education; June 1967May 1969. education as a basis for establishing some guide- A project to develop means for discovering lines for the amount of time and/or credit" where people get information about important which should be allowed to university faculty matters (if they do), how accurate and useful and staff members by the university for their own that information is, what might impel them to advanced education any one semester. (Does not seek information, and where they might seek it. indicate which group is normative.)

132Funcfions BURLESON, N. DAVID search is deriving data and information from Development of Models for Teaching Population "pertinent Congressional hearings (Tydings and Awareness in Latin America McCarran hearings) and the published works of the Institute plus the Pacific Relations collection Graduate School of Education, Harvard Univer- in Butler Library, Columbia University.. . ." sity,Cambridge,Mass.;Fall 1967Summer 1969. CHASE, JOHN S. (Dissertation) A two-stage project beginning with 100 teach- Contribution of Education to Economic Growth ers in service and 100 secondary school students in the State of Michigan in "to determine what role the school in Latin America may have in diffusion of infor- Center for the Study of Higher Education, Uni- mation about serious social problems (especiaily versity of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich. 48104; population control) confronting the region. [and] Institutional; February 1968June 1969. . . . research . . . with teachers-in-service, A survey of 4,000 graduates of Michigan's teachers-in-training and secondary students con- public colleges and universities, by means of cerningtheirknowledgeaboutpopulation mailed questionnaires, "1) to utilize income dif- dynamics and their attitudes..." "The popula- ferentials as the basis for determining the eco- tion problems of Colombia are such that therenomic contribution to the state from varying is an urgent concern in university circles that levels of education, and 2) to analyze the migra- something be done to create greater population tion patterns of the graduates of the state's col- awareness at lower levels of the educational sys- leges and universities as a basis for determining tem." This research will appraise the feasibility the effect of labor force migration on state of creating such greater public awareness via the economic growth." secondary schools. Controls for rural versus urban, public versus private, large versus small school origins. Site of research: Faculty of Edu- DOAK, CHARLES cation, University of Valle in Cali, Colombia. The University and Urban Problems Department of Higher Education, National Coun- BURRICHTER, ARTHUR WILLIAM cil of Churches of Christ, 475 Riverside Drive, (Dissertation) New York, N.Y.; 1968-1970. School Personnel Attitudes Toward Continuing Education; An Experiment in Changing Attitudes "The Commission will solicit fresh thinking ... and seek to engage a cluster of different College of Education, University of Wyoming, types of colleges and universities together with Laramie, Wyo.; Wyoming State Department of church bodies in experimentation in two or three Education; December 1967May 1968. selected metropolitan areas," on certain key An experimental and comparative study of all areas: 1) influences of higher education institu- elementary teachers and administrators in two tions and society on one another, 2) university Wyoming counties (432 teachers, 23 principles) as an instrument of political and social change plus their counterparts in another state,to: in city, 3) philosophy of public service, 4) ideo- 1)determine the attitudes of public school logical-sociological patterns that estrange aca- personnel toward continuing education and to demic institution from the ghetto, 5) role of determine if the concept of educatoin as a life- churches in relations between university and long process is being included in the elementary urban culture. Chairman is John C. Bollens, school curriculum, 2) .. . experiment in changing Professor of PoliticalScience,University of adult teacher attitudes..." (Does not indicate California, Los Angeles. actual nature of experiment.) DUNBAR, R. E. CARPENTER, THOMAS E., III Place of Liberal Arts Diploma Courses in The Institute of Pacific Relations and Advanced Education and their Significance in United States Foreign Policy Helping to Produce a Balanced Work Force Department of Social Sciences, U.S. Military New South Wales Department of Technical Edu- Academy, West Point, N. Y.; Institutional; 1965 cation,FarrerPlace,Sydney, N.S.W. 2000, 1969. Australia; Commonwealth Advisory Committee Study of the Institute of Pacific Relations and on Advanced Education & Commonwealth De- its activities with respect to China during 1934 partment of Education and Science; 1967-1969. 1950 "to consider; 1) whether the Institute of The main purpose of the project is to investi- Pacific Relations intended to influence (U.S. gate occupational openings in New South Wales foreign) policy, and 2) the ways that scholarly for persons who complete a vocational diploma organizations can influence policy." The re- course with a substantial liberal arts or general

133 Serving ClienteleExternal to the Institution studies content, and to make recommendations and three seminars on relationship of law and concerning the nature and development of such society, encouraging police officers to complete courses. formal education.

EBERLE, AUGUST (Sponsor), AND GILLIS, J. R. IRVAN J. KUMMERFELDT (Dissertation) Role of the German Universities, 1750-1850 From News Bureau to University C'ommunications Department of History, PrincetonUniversity, Departmentof Higher Education, Indiana Uni- Princeton, N.J.; Institutional; 1968. versity, Bloomington, Ind. 47401; Personal; 1967 1968. A study of the "role of the universities in the formation of the German intellectual elites in the An analysis of the evolution of university pub- period 1750-1850," by means of surveyof lic relations functions in the U.S. from 1900 to secondary and primary literary sources. 1968, with special focus on the last decade, 1) to establish criteria for judging whether functions GOWER, MRS. D. (Dissertation) should be included or excluded from the ad- ministrative area, 2) to devise an appropriate Universities and their Relations with External structureforadministering publicrelations, Bodies, with Special Reference to theQuestion of 3) to derive a more descriptive title for the Academic Autonomy. administrative area of public relations. Chelsea College of Science and Technology, Uni- versity of London, London, England; Personal; EMBREE, AINSLIE T. -1968. The University in the World C'ommunity "A historical and sociological examination of Department of Higher Education, National Coun- the financial and other relations between uni- cil of Churches, 475 Riverside Drive, New York, versities and other institutions," by means of N.Y.; 1968-1970. questionnaires from department chairmen in science and technology departments in British "Will explore critical areas in higher educa- universities, plus university records. tion: philosophy of public service of higher education institutions in their international role, HAMES, B. R. relations between institutions in America and other countries and reciprocal influences, and Technical Information Service Requirementsof adequacy of curricular and extracurricular ac- Industries in the City of Hawthorn, Victoria tivities in U.S. institutions in regard to the world Swinburne College of Technology, John Street, community. Commission chairman: John Scott Hawthorn, 3122, Victoria, Australia; Common- Everton. wealth of Australia; 1967-1969.

GERVAIS, KENNETH R., KAPOOR, SUDARSHAN FINLEY, JARVIS M., AND A Model of University Extension Organization ALFRED SCHOENNAUER Fresno StateCollege,Fresno,C'alif.93726; A C'omprehensive Training Program in Personal; 1966April 1968. Law Enforcement (Demonstration) A comparative study of 20 university extension Portland State College, P. 0. Box 751, Portland, divisions in the U. S., using questionnaires, to Oreg 97207; U.S. Justice Department; 1966 develop a model of a university extension or- June 1968. ganization. Has implications for adult higher A three-area program "designed to demon- education. strate the efficacy of using an urban college as a focal point for coordinated efforts dealing with MARSHALL, D. BRUCE numerous problems of law enforcement. A A Survey of French Cadre-Training Programs regional effort serving northern Oregon and Inctitute of International Studies,University of southern Washington with cooperation of law South Carolina, Columbia, S.C. 29208;Institu- enforcement agencies. Part I: An undergraduate tional; Summer 1968Fall 1968. program for those wishing to become police officers, in which students complete 21 hours of MATSUZAKA, HYOSABURO police courses for a certificate in law enforcement while earning a B.S. degree emphasizing be= Role of Education in Social and Economic De- havioral and social sciences. Part 2: Research velopmentof EmergingNations,Especially projects by faculty concerning police manage- Japanese Experience ment, community relations, etc., to establish nine East-West Center, Honolulu, Hawaii; September short courses. Part 3: Offering of nine courses 1967June 1968.

134 Functions MORK, GORDON (ET AL) relationship between such skills as are obtained Teacher Education and National Development in formal programs and the acquired body of experiencethatprofessionalstenyearsout College of Education and Office of International have." Phase III would examine the "potential Programs, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, for using as a means of continuing education Minn.55455;Institutional;August 1967 existing institutional systems that reach great 1968. numbers of professional people, such as profes- A pilot, comparative study, based on data and sional associations, large corporations, unions, observations from U.N., World Bank, national religious organizations, etc." Phase IV would ministries (planning, education and finance), and address the question of changes in the timing from visits to institutions in Afghanistan andand structure of formal education for post- Thailandof relationship of teacher education professional people. to national development. Will: 1) assemble de- scriptive data, 2) establish first stages of longi- PERSONS, EDGAR A., AND tudinal study, 3) investigate specific problems GORDON I. SWANSON found in nations that rely heavily on education Economic Study of the Investment Effects of as instrument of development, and 4) explore Education in Agriculture feasibility of a conceptual framework for a more general study relating teacher educationto College of Education, University of Minnesota, development. Investigates (changing) concep- Minneapolis, Minn. 55455;U.S. Office of Edu- tions of teaching, nature of teaching materials cation;January1966January1968(Pub. used, apprenticeship programs, and administra- June 1968). tive-regulatory forces which determine content A comparative analysis of 3,518 complete and procedure. farm business records gathered from files of area vocational-technicalschools(1959-65),state MOSHER, FREDERICK department of education, and educational par- Education of Professionals for ticipants, 1) "to determine if there is an eco- Public Service (Government) nomic gain to adults who participate in manage- ment education, 2) to determine if returns to Center for Research and Development in Higher educational investment are subject to diminish- Education,University of California, Berkeley, ing marginal return effect, 3) to calculate the 1947 Center Street, Berkeley, Calif. 94720;U.S. ratio of the benefits of education to the costs Office of Education; March 1968. incurred..." "... One of the first microeco- A project to "investigate the role of colleges nomic studies with direct assessment gain... to and universities in the preparation of leaders in educational input." government at the local,state, and national levels and develop recommendations both to col- SMITH, MAX (Sponsor), AND legiateinstitutions and to governmental or- FREDERICK T. FINK (Dissertation) ganizations." Location of Community Colleges in Urban and Suburban Settings, and the Fulfillment of NYHART, J. D. Community Needs Post-Professional Degree Education Community College Cooperation, Michigan State The Sloan School of Management, Massachusetts University, East Lansing, Mich. 48823;Personal; Instituteof Technology,Cambridge,Mass.; 1967-1968. 1968-1969. An investigation of the location of community A study of the perceived need for continuingcolleges in urban and suburban settings and the education by professional men and women whoserelative effects of the location on the ability of formal education is a decade or more behind the community college tofulfill community them"the problem of keeping an engineer, a needs. lawyer, or a manager current." This study would take a lateral rather than a vertical approach, STERN, JAMES, AND DAVID JOHNSON and would attempt to cover a number of fields Training Implications of Job Shifts from such as management, engineering, law, and Blue-Collar to White-Collar Employment medicine. Phase I would describe the present structure of education for the postprofessional Industrial Relations Research Center, University degree level, including programs outside of the of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis.;U.S. Department institutions of higher learning. Phase II would of Labor; Completion date-1967. trace "how new and skills are trans- A sample of employers in Milwaukee area and ferred to the professional in mid-career...a about 450 workers to determine from interviews wider understanding would be sought of the the number of job shifts made from blue7collar 135 Serving Clientele External to the Institution to selected white-collar occupations. Analysis in cials, 53 high school counselors and 1,197 Negro the final report covers patterns of job shifts, college students graduating from high school in skills which are transferable, training or skill- 1964-1966, to inquire; 1) In what types of ac- acquisition processes used by successful shifters, tivities did College Assistance Program teams and the relationship of such shifts to personal, engage? 2) How effective were these activities in attitudinal, and behavioral characteristics. stimulating and helping disadvantaged students to enter college? 3) What guidelines are sug- UNDERWOOD, KENNETH gestedbytheCollegeAssistanceProgram experience for further development towards the The Church, The University and Social Policy same aim? Wesleyan University, Middleton, Conn.; Dan- forth Foundation; -1968. WOOD, RICHARD H. Questionnaire-surveys of students and 10,000 U.S. Universities: Their Role in AID-Financed Protestant clergymen (including campus minis- Technical Assistance Overseas* ters) plus ten colloquia involving clergy, theolo- gians,socialscientists,psychologists,and Education and World Affairs, 522 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10036; Education and World university administrators ".. .to describe and evaluate the campus ministries at American in- Affairs; September 1966-1968. stitutions." Survey inquires particularly into the *Published under tir, title by Education and views, beliefs, and actions of campus ministers World Affairs. and the effects on their campus constituencies. A A study to describe and analyze "how the search for new patterns of ministry and service Agency for International Development and the to the university and the larger society. (Mr. University Administration (in the U.S.) relate Underwood's address is: 409 Propsect Street, effectively to the field operation for which the New Haven, Connecticut.) institution assumes responsibility," in joint ef- forts to extend technical assistance to other VAUGHAN, TONY nations,whichbringstogether "themajor Rocky Mountain Special Education principles which have been (or should have been) Instructional Materials Center learned from experience and organizes them in Colorado State College, Greeley, Colo. 80631; the form of a suggested procedure for planning U.S. Office of Education; June 1966May 1969. University projects overseas." In addition to his own experience with overseas technical assistance A project to develop special education in- projects in several countries, the principal re- structional and research materials center for the searcher has relied on extensive interviews with purposes of serving the blind and visually handi- other experienced individuals such as members capped as well as mentally retarded children but of the Board of Trustees and staff of Education eventually all disability areas. "Center will have and World Affairs and on data from the pro- capacity to 1) field test and create materials, grams of AID. The study is to "contribute to 2) offer credit and non-credit instruction in acqui- greater understanding and better performance sition,design, and testingof materials and not only in the specific context of AID-university methods, 3) provide services to practitioners, and contract relations, but on the broader front 4) stimulate development of similar centers..." where U.S. educators and institutions attempt In context of ongoing graduate training and to share their own knowledge with other peoples research in special education. while in the same process learning as much as we can from them." Includes some summary WARD, J. L. data on the sixteen years of AID contracts with Technical Information Services to Industry U.S. universities and colleges; suggestions both to higher education institutions and tothe Australian Council for Educational Research, government agency; five-page bibliography. Hawthorn E.2,Victoria;Commonwealth of Australia; 1967-1969. WILKERSON, DOXEY A. 1966-1967 RESEARCH The College Assistance Program: 1964-1966 (Description and Appraisal) FINNISTON, H. M. Ferkauf Graduate School,YeshivaUniversity, "University Science and Industry."Political New York, N.Y. 10033; U.S. Office of Educa- Quarterly, 1967, 38(1), 27-40. tion; February 1967November 1967. A study to find ways in which there can be An evaluative field study of College Assistance greater cooperation between universities and Program using responses from 49 college offi- industry. Examines university attitudes to invest-

136 Functions ment practices, the nature of science and tech- were also considered. In 1962, a postal question- nology degree courses, and the best methods of naire was issued to all male graduates of British learning. The author makes many suggestions universities with First or Second Class honours for bringing university and industrial practices in science and technology in the years 1956-59 into greater contact: 1) consumer councils of inclusive. Eighty-four percent of the 12,942 stu- mixed university and industrial membership, dents responded. Interviews were made of 1,750 2) reduction of time spent but improving the con- students in six selected occupations. The results tent of first degree course, 3) extended use of showed that 52 percent of the respondents had Audio Visual Aids in university teaching, 4) de- registered for further study. Seventy percent of ferment of postgraduate work untilaftera the remainder had succeeded in finding the right period in industry, 5) courses given in industry job. Although the type of degree affects the by universities for industry, 6) loaning academic choice of job to a considerable degree, the class staff to industry to engage in collaborative re- of degree is also very important; on changing search programmes, and 7) director status in in- his job, the graduate is likely to take another job dustry for academic staff. within the same type of employment. Personal sources are utilized more and mass media less by SHEPPARD, D. those taking up their first job then by those who Scientists and Engineers and Their Choice of Jobs. change to a new job later in their career. The trend was toward research rather than teaching Her Majestys Stationery Office (Department of among those who were not taking further full- Education and Science), 1966, 129 pp. time training. It would seem that social aspects A study to examine the types of jobs chosen as well as aspects which apply to jobs of all kinds by science and technology graduates. Changes (security, pay, and conditions) are not nearly as in jobs, the sources of information used for ob- important as specific characteristics of the work taining jobs, and the reasons for job preferences itself.

OTHER STUDIES ON EDUCATIONAL FUNCTIONS

CURRENT RESEARCH Universityof Cincinnati,105Administration Building, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221;Institutional; AMUNDSEN, RICHARD, AND November 1967December 1967. STEWART SCHUSTER A project to survey other universities of com- Work Scheduling for the Physical Plant parable size and scope regarding fringe benefit policies to possibly assist her own university in 0 perat ionsAnalysis D iv ision, Administrat ive modifying its own fringe benefit policies. Data Processing, University of Illinois, Urbana, Ill.61820; Fall 1966fall 1968. A project to develop an algorithm to help MARTIN, WARREN BRYAN schedule nonroutine work "involving multiple The Character of Change: Some Institutional skill classes," to help reduce costs of idle time Models and overtime, and to give supervisors "more time to direct the actual work at the site." Center for Research and Development in Higher Education,University of California, Berkeley, U.S. CHRISTIE, ROBERTA 1947 Center Street, Berkeley, Calif. 94720; Office of Education; 1968-1969. Apparent Effects of a Year Abroad for Under- graduates A project to "establish a working relationship with certain institutions of higher education so Education Department, Loyola University, Chi- that findings of the institutional distinctiveness cago,///.; Institutional; Not yet underway. research project (see other project by Martin and A comparative study, using the Stern Activi- Short) can be tested in actual field situations ties Index, of approximately 600 subjects, "to through specific developmental programs." The measure effects of a year of study abroad for cooperative developmental programswillbe Undergraduates." carried out with two colleges and two universi- ties, two of which institutions have cluster college subunits. "In the other two, certain data on stu- GUTZWILLER, ROBERTA dent participation in academic governance and Survey of Fringe Benefits for Employees ofthe potential for shared leadership in effecting Selected Universities educational change will be used."

137 Other Studieson Educational Functions MATTHEWS, JAMES W. a full semesterto become completed before Residential Mobility and Relation to Adult Edu- Christmas holidays. Charts and discussion in- cational and Community Organization Activities clude viewpoints and data comparisons of 10 higher education institutions both small and University of Alaska,College, Alaska 99735; large, public and private and includes the usage Institutional; October 1968October 1969. of Saturday classes. A sampling of 400 out of 28,000 households in the city of Anchorage by structured interview RALPH, DAVID C., McCROSKEY, J. E., "to identify influence of residential mobility, AND J. E. BARRICK attitudes toward the community and other fac- Effects of Desensitizationto Anxiety among tors, on educational and organizational partici- Students pation." Department of Speech and Theatre, Michigan State MAYHEW, LEWIS B. University,East Lansing, Mich. 48823; Institutional; 1968. Probable Future of Innovation in Higher Educa- tion An experiment with the desensitization of stu- dents: 1) before taking tests and 2) before making StanfordUniversity,Stanford,Calif.94305; a speech, testing the hypothesis that anxiety level Completion date-1968. will be reduced both according to self-reports Inferences from present developments in inno- and according to physiological measures. An- vative higher education are used to plot progress other hypothesis:"Introverted students and into "mainstream of higher education by 1980." extroverted students will not differ in anxiety (Part 3 of three-part study.) reduction.. . . Desensitization treatment con- sists of seven one-hour sessions for six experi- MILES, DAVID mental groups, which will include explanation Experimental Study of Creative Problem Solving of the process, the rationale behind it, and the playing of a relaxation tape." SouthernIllinoisUniversity,C'arbondale,Ill. 62901; Institutional; June 1967February 1968. RAPAPORT, CHANAN The initial phase of a continuing research pro- The Theater: Its Use for Spreading Social Values gram dealing with creative behavior, the objec- tives of which are to collect more information National Institute for Research in the Behavioral about creative behavior and to apply this infor- Sciences, Bressler Center for Research in Educa- mation to the production of educational mate- tion, Columbia St., Kiryat-Menachem, Jerusalem, rials and procedures. The objective of this study Israel; Institutional; 1967. was to develop a test of creative problem solving which could be used in the continuing research SIEBERT, FRED S. program. University Policy Statements on Instructional Five test problems were selected according to Recordings and Their Re-use several criteria for a test entitled the Creative College of Communication Arts, Michigan State Design Test. Reliability and validity data were University, East Lansing, Mich. 48823; Institu- collected and an experiment was conducted using tional; 1967. the test. Two variations of two prior solution examination variables were studied: high and A description of policy statements by several low variety of prior solution and low originality universities about the use and re-use of instruc- of prior solution. tional recordings, visual and oral, produced by Subsequent research will involve 1) further faculty members of these institutions. The author attempts to obtain validity for the three more reports official positions with regard to: 1) own- reliable problems; 2) determination of the rela- ershipand copyright provisions,2)faculty tionships between CDT and several other tests; rights, 3) faculty compensation, and 4) adminis- and 3) multivariate experiments with variables tration and review of policies. which have been shown to have a powerful in- fluence on creative problem solving. SPURR, STEPHEN Alternative Degree Structures PHAY, JOHN E. School of Graduate Studies, University of Michi- The "Fast" Semester Calendar gan, Ann Arbor, Mich. 48104; Carnegie Commis- University of Mississippi, Institutional Research, sion on the Future of Higher Education; Com- University, Miss. 38677; Institutional; Comple- pletion dateJanuary 1969. tion date-1967. "A consideration of possible alternative de- A concise gathering and organization of data gree structures in the U.S. including a review of concerning the academic calendar that permits new developments in graduate degrees and a

138 Functions comparison with degree structures in certain Engineering Research, National Science Foun- other countries." dation Project C-396, Interim Report No. 3, East Lansing, Mich. Michigan State University, WOLF, WILLIAM C., JR. 1966. Study of the Effectiveness of Selected Educational Diffusion Vehicles A description of a project to develop a dy- namic systems model of a university. The model University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Mass. is stated mathematically and fully represents the 01003; Insti tutional. flow of students and other resources needed to sustain the institution. Costs are considered as only one part of the total system. The investiga- 1966-1967 RESEARCH tors argued that the financial dimension of the institution is not independent of other variables. KOENIG, HERMAN E., ET AL. This study offers a cost analysis model which can A Systems Approach to Higher EducationA be adapted to the particular needs of each Comprehensive Report of Progress. Division of institution.

139Other Studies on Educational Functions Chapter VI GOVERNANCE

FACULTY, STUDENT, ADMINISTRATIVE DIMENSIONS OF GOVERNANCEincluding descriptive studies, evaluations of existing arrangements, and proposals for changes. Also, projects on academic senates and various institutional governance committees. Includes studies on federal, state, college interaction and the affects on governance.

CURRENT RESEARCH min concurrence between the desired and actual educational processes." The project will generate ACETO, THOMAS D. (Dissertation) data on faculty objectives, student demographics, knowledge, skills, attitudes, and expectations, Student Participation in Policy-Making and the and student and faculty perceptions of change Use of Direct Action at the Mid-west Committee attributable to specific... courses. on Institutional Cooperation Universities School of Education, Syracuse University, Syra- ANDES, JOHN 0. (Dissertation) cuse, N.Y. 13210; Institutional; February 1967 Conceptualization of Compliance Systems within September 1967. Universities An interview survey of 11 Midwestern univer- Institute for Higher Education,University of sities, involving six persons at each institution, Florida, Gainesville, Fla.; Personal; April 1968 with regardtostudent participationinthe August 1968. decision-makingprocessintheinstitution: A theoretical exploration which describes cru- What are the present major perceptions by cial subsystems within universities and how they administrators and student leaders of this pro- affect the compliance of participants, a typology cess? What, according to the students, should of subsystems based on the power used and the be the process? What techniques are favored for compliance effected, and a holistic approach to bringing about the changes desired? Interviews the university with examination of integrative with two administrators, four student leaders and disintegrative subsystems. Uses a series of (forexample,student government president, models to describe the university as a living chairman of Students for a Democratic Society). social system. Comparisons of institutions made. BAILEY, DANIEL, AND PAUL AMSTUTZ, A. E. JEDA M US Management of University Education University of Colorado Simulation (CUSIM) The Sloan School of Management, Massachusetts University of Colorado, Boulder, Cob.; Institu- Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Mass. 02139; tional; March 1967--. June 1967-1970. A simulation study using historical material of University of Colorado "to simulate short Beginning with an analytical case study of the and long run operation of the university, to Sloan School itself, this project will expand its develop predictions of relevant variables." current model of the higher education manage- ment process to "encompass other programs and BROWN, W. SHELBURNE (Dissertation) institutions, 1) to develop and validate a beha- vioral (process flow simulation) model of univer- Comparative Study of Campus Environment as sity education; 2) to obtain measures of faculty Perceived by Groups Affecting a Church Related objectives, faculty and staff actions and student Liberal Arts College responses associated with the process; 3) to de- Department of Higher Education, University of velop ... and evaluate administrative procedures SouthernCalifornia, UniversityPark,Los designed to communicate discrepancies between Angeles, Calif; Institutional; January 1968 faculty objectives and measured results, and ob- A ugust 1968.

140 Governance

ii A comparative study using College and Uni- Surveying Economic and Governance questions versity Environment Scales with approximately in the early and contemporary development of 900 persons in the constituency of Pasadena Canadian higher education. Comparative popu- Collegerandom sample of the four under- lation and enrollment data in appendix. graduate classes, faculty members, board mem- bers, alumni, and church constituents. "Should ENGBRETSON, W. E. (Sponsor), AND have significance in public relations, fund rais- R. THEODORE HOLLAND (Dissertation) ing, student admissions and campus environ- A History of the College of Arts and Sciences, ment . . . for any church related liberal arts Denver University college." School of Education, University of Denver, Den- CHAMBERS, M. M. ver, Colo. 80210; Personal; 1967-1968. The Developing Law of the Student and His FARRIS, GEORGE F., AND JOHN M. College THOMAS Indiana University, Bloomington, Ind.; Comple- Management of Unprogranuned Decision-Making tion date-1969. and Community Relations "The first full scale book on the Law of the The Sloan School of Management, Massachusetts College Student in the United States, based Instituteof Technology,Cambridge,Mass.; largely on relevant decisions of courts of the 50 1968-1969. states and the federal jurisdiction, with emphasis Comparative case studies of the decisions and on recent and current developments." the decision-making processes in a sample of over 300 campuses visited in 1967-68 by re- CHAMBERS, M. M. cruiters from the defense industry companies, The Colleges and the Courts, 1967-70 as "an example of . ..largely unprogrammed Indiana University, Bloomington, hid.; Institu- decisions..." made in several institutions on tional; Completion date-1970. comparable issues. "Through empirical research it is proposed to determine ways in which uni- A study that aims to "digest, organize, classify, versities can structure themselves to:1) cope and report court decisions affecting higher edu- with unprogrammed problems and 2)relate cation in the 50 states and in the Federal juris- effectively to their surrounding communities." diction, revealing trends and disclosing future Data gathering is primarily by means of inter- probabilities." A historical case study, using views of "key decision makers at a small sample reports of court decisions in 50 states and federal (three to five) of each type of university"those jurisdiction gathered by interview and library that handle the situation with relative effective- research. "Eighth Volume ina series which ness or ineffectiveness. Same campuses will be began in 1936. Expected completion, 1970." revisited for interviews after the 1968-1969 visits by the defense industry recruiters. CRANE, ROBERT M. Student Governance and the Issue of Student HOBBS, WALTER Freedom The University Committee University of Illinois at Chicago Circle, Chicago, Office of Institutional Research, State University III. 60680; Completion date-1968. of New York, Buffalo, N.Y. 14214; Institutional; May 1966May 1968. As a chapter to be published in a forthcoming book edited by Louis Vaccaro (University of Using administrative data and data collected Portland), this study is a brief historic review of by means of structured (telephone) interviews student status and participation in universities, with committee chairmen (not including depart- beginning with the rise of the European univer- mental committees) at State University of Ncw sity but concentrating on American develop- York at Buffalo, academic year 1965-66, this ments, especially the period following the Civil exploratory study is an effort to identify rela- War in American higher education. tionships among the organizational characteris- tics of university committees, and on the basis of EDWARDS, REGINALD those findings to develop an analysis of the organizational role(s) which such committees Recent Developments in Higher Educationin play. Includes 326 committees. Canada McGill University, Montreal 2, Quebec, Canada; HUGHES, EVERETT C. Completion date-1967. The Student Condition Historical review presented to the Compara- BrandeisUniversity,Waltham,Mass. 02154; tive Education Society in Europe (Ghent, 1967) Carnegie Corporation; 1964-1968.

141 Faculty, Student, Administrative Dimensions of Governance An analysis of documents on law cases on dis- LIBASSI, F. PETER missal and disciplining of students and the state- ments of rights and authority in a sample of 100 Federal Survey of Campus Racial Discrimination Office for Civil Rights, Department of Health, college catalogs "... to study the rights of stu- EducationandWelfare,Washington,D.C.; dents and of institutions in relation to one an- Office for Civil Rights of the Department of other" in perhaps the first comparative study and Health, Education, and Welfare; 1967-1969. general statement of the student's status and his legal relationship to the institution. "Armed with statistics from a government survey, federal officials willvisit 25 colleges KEARNEY, GEORGE throughout the country.. .. to gather evidence of Survey of Lay Governance in Catholic Colleges possible racial discrimination.... aimed at en- and Universities forcing Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964... The government survey consists of a University of San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif. questionnaire to all but a handful of colleges and 94117; Institutional; Fall 1967Spring 1968. universities on the racial composition of their Comparative analysis of the by-laws, organi- student bodies, and on whether their activities zation (including checks and balances), and the and facilities are free of discrimination.... Offi- basic philosophies of Catholic colleges and uni- cials of the Office for Civil Rights of the De- versities which have adopted clerical-lay gov- partment ...will go to institutions whose an- ernance and administration. The evaluation by swers to the questionnaire suggested the existence board members about the success and/or short- of discrimination against Negroes and other non- comings of the administrative changes. whites. 1V r st of the visits will be to private insti- tutions. The efforts will be broadened next year KEETON, MORRIS, DENNIS, L., to include more campuses and some public in- HODGKINSON, HAROLD, AND stitutions.... About half of the questionnaires STANLEY PLUMER were returned without a racial breakdown," that Campus Governance Program is, according to race. The questionnaires will be issued annually. In campus visits, officials will Antioch College,Yellow Springs, Ohio 45387; not become involved with faculty segregation, Kettering Foundation; June 1966June 1969. fraternities, or off-campus housing. Extensive A comparative study (exploratory) of 17cam- listing of higher education institutions in all puses using questionnaires from approximately states with breakdowns of student enrollments 1,500 students and 1,500 others (including fac- "white, Negro and other." ulty and administrators), and from 3,173 trustees of 217 colleges, as well as interviews, "1) to de- MARTIN, WARREN BRYAN, AND velop an account of critical questions to be re- EDYTH SHORT solved on a well-governed campus, 2) to clarify Institutional Distinctiveness and Student Devel- the problems of governance implicit in the at- opment tempt to provide a staggering number and Center for Research and Development in Higher variety of students with the highly individualized Education,University of C'alifornia,Berkeley,. services of a fitting higher education, 3) to study Calif. 94720; U.S. Office of Education; July the bearing of effective communications on 1966-1969. improvement of campus governance, 4) to ex- plore fitting patterns of participation and au- An exploratory study comparing 10,000 stu- tonomy for students and faculty in campus dents, 586 faculty, 85 administrators in 15 col- governance, 5) to explore problems of purpose leges and universities by means of question- and morale as they affect campus governance." naires, interviews, and documents "to determine "Based on the idea that governance is as much 1) those features or characteristics in the pro- informal as formal.. ." gram of an institution of higher learning that, according to the participants there, give that LADD, DWIGHT program distinctiveness or character or vitality, and 2) the meaning of that distinctiveness for Institutional Reviews of Educational Policy and the various populations within the institution Their Effects and its transfer value for other colleges and uni- The Whittemore School of Business and Econom- versities.... May help to determine the role of ics, University of New Hampshire, Durham, N.H. assumptions, values, and goals in the policy 03824; Carnegie Commission on the Future of formulation and programs of American colleges Higher Education; Completion dateFall 1969. and universities.. ." An examination of studies undertaken by col- leges and universities of the educational policy MAYHEW, LEWIS B. of the institution and an evaluation of policy New Structures of Governance in Liberal Arts changes growing out of such reviews. Colleges

142 Governance StanfordUniversity,Stanford,Calif.94305; A feasibility study for a senate-like organiza- 1967. tion at Washington State University, with col- "Field exercises" in helping a group (six or lected "comparative data on about 110 institu- seven) liberal arts colleges create a new structure tions with enrollments of over 7,000 students" of governance "which will bring into proper plus information and opinions collected from juxtaposition the forces and energies of faculty Washington State University faculty members, and administration." by interview and otherwise.

MOEHLMAN, ARTHUR H., THOMAS, NORMAN C. GOETZMANN, W., LEWIS, A., Education in National Politics AND D. VAN TASSEL Department of Political Science,University of A Guide to American Educational History Michigan, AnnArbor,Mich.48104;Relm Center for History of Education, University ofFoundation & Personal; 1967June 1969. Texas, Austin, Tex. 78712; Institutional, 1967. Descriptive historical study, using interviews and public documents, "to examine and test cer- MOEHLMAN, ARTHUR H., taintheories regarding the nature of policy- GOETZMANN, W., LEWIS, A., making behavior by relevant congressional com- AND D. VAN TASSEL mittees, units of the executive branch, profes- The Role of the State in a History of Texas Edu- sional associations and other interested groups, cation, Social-Cultural Aspects 1918-1968 and members of the affecied (in this case, edu- cation) community." The interviews are with Center for History of Education, University of approximately 75 "key participants in the edu- Texas, Austin, Tex. 78712; Institutional; 1967. cational policy system," and use open-ended questions regarding: 1) respondents role percep- PALMER, EVERETT W., AND tions, 2) perceptions of the policy-making pro- WILLIAM H. LIKINS cess, and 3) attitudes toward the ... governments Influences on Decisions of Theological Students role in education. Board of Education,The Methodist Church, TROYER, M. E. (Sponsor), AND Nashville,Tenn.; Board of Education, The Methodist Church; 1968. RONALD L. GAUDREAU (Dissertation) A nationwide questionnaire survey of stu- Climate for Institutional Decision-Making dents presently in theological schools to deter- School of Education, Syracuse University, Syra- mine socioeconomic background, age, and influ- cuse, N.Y.; Metropolitan Fund for Higher Edu- ences on decision "to prepare for the ordained cation, New York; 1967-1968. ministry," specific occupational plans, role of campus ministry in choices. Assumes that theo- Roles of trustees, administration, faculty and logicalstudents are preparing for ordained studentsinuniversitypolicyanddecision ministry. making.

RAPAPORT, ROGER TROYER, MAURICE Report on Student Power Bias Reduction and Decision as a Function of University Organization and Administration Carnegie Commission on the Future of Higher Education, 1947 Center Street, Berkeley, Calif.; School of Education, Syracuse University, Syra- CarnegieCommission;Completiondate cuse, N.Y.; Institutional; 1967-1968. (Unpub- March 31, 1969. lished report to AERA, June 1968.) A study "including an analysis of the nature TROYER, MAURICE (Sponsor), AND of the origins and impact of student power on STEVEN H. LAZAR (Dissertation) American colleges and universities and a section, for comparative purposes, on student power in Role and Influence of Federal Government in foreign universities and colleges." American College and University Housing School of Education, Syracuse University, Syra- SMITH, ALLAN H. cuse, N.Y.; Personal; October 1966-1967. Feasibility of Instituting a Senate-Like Organiza- tion at Washington State University Descriptive historical study of government documents and professional publications "to Department of Anthropology, Washington State trace the nature and conditions of indirect and University, Pullman, Wash. 99163; Institutional; direct financial aid from the U.S. Government Completion dateSpring 1968. to public and private colleges and universities

143 Faculty, Student, Administrative Dimensions of Governance for residence halls and educational functions re- tions was asked to nominate one person from lated thereto," with part of purpose to "illumi- the faculty or staff. This study attempts to de- nate ...the legislative strategy, the growth and scribe some of the characteristics of the candi- conditions . . . accruing from government dates nominated for the first year, and to iden- aid .. ." tify some of the factors that influence the final selection. Compared with the typical faculty WHITE, L. S. member, the typical candidate was more likely Analytical Models for Effective Resource Alloca- to possess a terminal degree and be trained in tion in the University the field of education. Candidates selected as Fellows were more likely to be employed in uni- The Sloan School of Management, Massachusetts versities than are those not selected. Nearly nine Instituteof Technology,Cambridge,Mass.; out of 10 of the winners held Ph.D.'s. The typi- June 1968-1969. cal winner also had a high salary, more publica- An investigation of the potential contribution tions, and a higher undergraduate grade-point of formal analytical models in the analysis of: average than the typical nonwinner. These find- 1) "strategic planning problems, problems asso- ings indicate that the judges place much weight ciated with the formulation of long-rangc, major on the ."paper" qualifications of the candicates. plans and policies that determine or change the character or direction of the university, and 2) BLACKWELL, THOMAS EDWARD management control problems, that is, planning College andUniversityAdministration. New and control problems that arise in the context of York: Center for Applied Research in Educa- carrying out defined objectives of the univer- tion, 1966. sity." Phase I will describe the current uses made of system simulation models at a number of uni- A survey of the major problems and issues versities to aid in decision making. Phase II will involved in the administration of higher institu- experiment with models at MIT, "to develop tions of learning.Emphasizes the need for models and concepts which will allow for the carefully planned programs for training college integration of long range resource planning tools administrators. Analyzes the difference between with the short range budgeting process." Phase problems posed by tax-supported institutions III will consist of an evaluation which "hope- and private institutions and offers a treatment fully,willleadtofurther second-generation of both types of institutions. projects." BOLAND, WALTER REED WISE, W. MAX "American Institutions of Higher Education." The Politics of the College Dissertation Abstracts A, 27(7), 2201. University Microfilms, Inc., Ann Arbor, Mich., 1966. Department of Higher Education, Teachers Col- lege,ColumbiaUniversity, New York, N.Y. A study of the relationship between size and 10027; Institutional; 1968. the degree of organizational elaboration. In all publicly supported, four-year degree granting Case studies of six colleges in an attempt to colleges and universities as well as a few pri- discern the internal politics and leadership ofvately supported institutions of higher learning these institutions by means of observation, inter- in the Unitcd States, using questionnaires. Of view, documents, and "intuition." these, 115 public and 15 private institutions returned completed questionnaires. Three facets of organizational specialization which were exa- mined were organizational complexity, adminis- 1966-1967 RESEARCH trative specialization, and centralization. The results supported the general hypothesis that ASTIN, A. W. organizational sizc and organizational elabora- "Research Findings on the Academic Adminis- tion or specialization arc monotonically related, tration Internship Program." The Educational that is as size increases organizational elabora- Record, Spring 1966, 47(2), 173-184. tion also increases. Intruding factors were not found to have any pronounced effect on this A report presenting and evaluating some ofrelationship, and the relationship holds no mat- the major findings concerning the selection of ter what facet of specialization is being con- the first group of American Council on Educa- sidered. It was concluded that the equilibrium tion Fellows who were identified for academic model of a relatively stable relationship between administration. This was the first phase of a size and organizational elaboration providesan five-year program beginning in 1964, which was adequate description of most of the colleges and designed to improve the quality of academic universities investigated; that colleges and uni- administration. Each of 1,097 member institu- versities of similar size tended to be similar in

144 Governance organizational specialization; and that size, or- Higher Education,University of California, ganizationalspecializationandamountof 1967. environment substance were shown to vary An account of a program of studyarranged together, thus providing support forthe eco- for four Mexican university academicadminis- logical notion of the interdependence ofpopula- trators at the Center for Researchand Develop- tion, organization, and environment.. ment in Higher Education,University of Cali- fornia, Berkeley. Terms of contract werewith HAGSTROM, DAVID ALAN the Ford Foundation. The program wasdevised administrators with an Character: to provide the Mexican "College Image and Organizational opportunity for advanced study in the theoryand Differentiated Perceptions of Various Groups and orga- Abstracts A, practice of academic administration in a Junior College." Dissertation United States. Inc., Ann nization in higher education in the 27(7), 2026-27. University Microfilms, The Center organized a six-month programof Arbor, Mich., 1967. course work, seminars,conferences, and obser- A study describing the collegeimage and or- vations at Berkeley, as well asfieldtrips to vari- ganizational character of a particular juniorcol- ous other institutionsin California. lege, organizational character beingdefined as the derived treatment of pooledperceptions of SELDEN, W. K. various publics. The College andUniversity En- vironmental Scales and two questionnairesde- "Some Observations on theGovernance of the signed to record the variousperceptions of American University." TeachersCollege Record, college image were selected andadministered to 1967. 68(4), 277-288. 610 participants comprised of facultymembers, A study considering theAmerican University college students, alumni, residentsof the local and the impact of various interest groupsupon community, high school counselors, andhigh its governance. The three aspectsof university school seniors. The study found thatalthough governance which areconsidered are:1) the there were differences in the waysvarious groups total operations of the university;2) the re- perceived the college environment, it wasclear sponsibilities for these operations on the partof the same that all the reporters were describing faculties,administrations and students;and place. New students were unable toanticipate the 3) the changing concept of theuniversity as a college environment. A singular publicimage of social and politicalinstitution. Three social the college did not exist. The studentsdescribed factors are seen to affect this governance:stu- the college as a place where theindividual was dent group coalescence, checks andbalances, and important and where he receivedmuch indi- conception of the university and itsplace in vidual attention. Many students, faculty mem- society. It is difficult to developethical conduct bers and alumni perceived of thecollege as and standards of behavior toward theuniversity having a special quality that distinguishedit from unless there is a clear conception andreal defini- other institutions. Most of them singled outindi- tion of such an institution. Student groupsand vidual concern as the special quality. However, coalescence is becoming more and more apoliti- the junior college was not considereddifferent cal factor in university governance.New checks from other colleges, and its students were not and balances are created fromtime to time to considered different from those at other colleges cope with the increasingsocial and political sig- and universities. nificance of the university, although suchchecks and balances may well threaten its autonomyin MEDSKER, LELAND, AND ANNHEISS the future. Concludes that to thethree basic Program, functions of the universityteaching,research, Report of Academic Administrative added the moral September 1966March 1967. Berkeley,Calif.: and public serviceshould be development of the student. CenterforResearchand Developmentin

145 Faculty, Student, AdministrativeDimensions of Governance Chapter VII GRADUATE AND PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION

STUDENTStheir personal characteristics plus performance criteria, and records.

CURRENT RESEARCH phenomenon in the next few years. This union, the first of its kind, is of particular relevance to ANDERSON, D. S. that trend. The study will also, and perhaps primarily, shed light on some of the sources of Professional Socialization of Students in graduate student radicalisma kind of political Engineering, Law, Medicine and Teaching orientation that may well be continued into Education ResearchUnit, Research School ofacademic positions in colleges and universities. Social Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra, A.C.T. 2600, Australia; 1967-1971. CREAGER, JOAN Study of Engineering Doctorate Recipients APT, MADELINE H. Office of Scientific Personnel, National Academy Teacher-Trainee Attitudes Toward Inner-City of Engineering, Washington, D.C.; National Re- School Populations search Council; 1967-1969. Division of Education, Wright State University, DAVIS, L. Colonel Glenn Highway, Dayton, Ohio 45431; Institutional; 1968. Students Who Withdraw from Professional Courses A study to determine "whether or not attitudes of practicing and student teachers, as measured Education Research Unit, Research School of bytheCaliforniaPsychologicalInventory, Social Sciences, Australian National University, undergo changes after having participated in an Canberra, A.C.T. 2600; 1968-1969. inner-city workshop." GERTZ, BORIS BROW N, E. RICHARD, AND Sensitivity Training in a Graduate Program MARTIN A. TROW in Education Professional Orientations of Graduate Students Graduate School of Education, Lesley College, and Membership in the Graduate Students Union Cambridge, Mass.; Institutional; 1968. at the University of California A project to assess a course (required) in sensi- tivity training in a nonresidential graduate pro- Survey Research Center, University of California, gram in elementary education, intended to "irn- Berkeley,Calif. 94720; Institutional & U.S. Office of Education; October 1, 1967Decem- prove the student's abilities to participate, ob- serve, ber 31, 1968. analyze, and understand behaviorin interpersonal situations." Assessment involves This study is intended to explore the relation- self- and group ratings via a Group Perception ship between professional, academic, and politi- Questionnaire, designed to evaluate peer-group cal orientations, on the one hand, and member- exchange of feedback, administered midway shipin the Union of University Employedthrough the T-group experience, and at the Graduate Students, on the ot!.er. The primary conclusion. "Participants repeat Self- and Peer- source of data is a survey of 371 graduate stu- group ratings on criterion dimensions as part dents in five "high union" departments on the of their final grades." Initial results indicate that Berkeley campus. Expect students who may be students improve their skills as participant ob- typed "radical professionals" (or "missionaries" servers and become more effective in the use of in Wilensky's terms) and those who identify process observations. When trainer ratings are more with students than with faculty members used as a criterion measure, students evaluate to be more likely to join the Union. Graduate critical dimensions of T-Group objectives in the student trade-unionism may be an increasing same manner as trainers.

146 Graduate and Professional Education

777' HUTTON, JACK G., JR. suggests a typology of four types of socialization, each with different degree of effectiveness: a) an- Aptitude, Achievement and Attitudinal Variables ticipatory, b) professional, c) independent, and in Dental Education d) apprentice. College of Dentistry,University of Kentucky, Lexington, Ky. 40506; U.S. Public Health Ser- MAYHEW, LEWIS B. vice; June 1966March 1968. New Structures of Governance in An exploratory field study of all current dental Liberal Arts College students in 49 U.S. dental schools plus their Cali!94305; graduates from 1963 by means of attitude scale, StanfordUniversity,Stanford, personal data, and dental aptitude tests, "to 1967. provide a quantitative assessment of the attitudes "Field exercises" in helping a group (six or of American dental students toward their educa- seven) liberal arts colleges create a new sturc- tion and toward the dental profession, and to ture of governance "which will bring into proper relate these measures to standardized dental juxtaposition the forces and energies of faculty aptitude and achievement test data. This is the and administration." first of a series of studies designed to provide dental educators with increased knowledge and MILLER, STEPHEN J., FREEMAN, H. E., understanding of the students with whom they HUGHES, E. C., PETERSON, 0., AND C. S. work." DAVIDSON HUTTON, JACK G., JR. Educational Experience of the Medical Intern Dental Student RecruitmentAn Experimental BrandeisUniversity,Waltham, Mass. 02154; Study U.S. Office of Education; April 1964April 1968. College of Dentistry, .University of Kentucky, Lexington, Ky. 40506; U.S. Public Health Ser- A field study largely by participant observation vice; 1967. of medical interns at Boston City Hospital for a two-year period, supplemented by interviews, LOFTUS, GREGG questionnaires of pre-internship expectations, used with three cohorts of 16 each,.. "to Projects on Responsibility describe the educational experience of interns." Office of Research and Development, College ofRole, relationships, duration and types of ex- Medicine,MichiganStateUniversity,East periences, hospital characteristics related to those Lansing, Mich. 48823; Institutional; 1967-1968. experiences, level and direction of interns' efforts are included. Final report: TheEducational A socio-psychological study using interviews Experience of Interns, Cooperative Research, with medical students to identify the components Project No. 2596; to be published by Aldine of responsibility as that term is commonly used, Publishing Co., Chicago. having defined "responsibility" the researcher may then proceed to suggest ways bywhich a can modify and promote various MORISHIMA, J. K. components ofitinprofessionalstudents. Married Student Housing Interim report in . Office of Institutional Research, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash. 98105; Institutional; MARSLAND, D. February 1968June 1968. Identification of the Student with the Teacher- Role: A Study of Socialization in the Teacher A survey of 7,000 married students at the University of Washington, with possible sig- Training College nificance for large, urban, state-supported insti- School of Social Sciences, Brwwl University, tutions with large graduate programs, to deter- Great Britain; Institutional. mine the kinds of housing married students Exploratory study of professional socializa- reside in, what the university's involvement is, tion, based on longitudinal measurement of and what should be the university's involvement. student-teachersrole-conceptions, comparison with role-conceptions of college staff and in- PATTON, MICHAEL J. service teachers, and analysis of effects of various Student and Situational Attributes, and Responses experiences on type and effectiveness of socializa- to First-Year Law School tion. Analysis to date indicates major significance as mechanisms of socializationof 1) identifica- Educational Testing Service, Princeton, N.J.; Law tion with role models, 2) extent, and 3) timing of School Admission Test Council; Not yet under- crystallization of professional self-image, and way.

147Students 71777,

An exploratory description of 400 students in A study examining the relationship between four law schools, using several instruments "to the doctoral candidate and hissponsor. A assess the usefulness of certain measures of per- Doctoral Sponsor and Candidate Role Ques- sonalityattributesand cognitivestyleand stionnaire was designed to measure the beliefs attitudes,in describing a population of first individuals hold about the preferred objectives year law students and to study the relationship and methods of the doctoral program and the of these measures to academic performance." kind of relationship that should exist between the Will lead into a longer study investigating rela- candidate and his sponsor. At least three per- tionships of these variables to first-year per- tinent facts are revealed by the data collected. formance and grades and later to procedures of First, certain personality variables rather than the schools "designed to study the effect of such academic ability, are very important in deter- attributes and other antecedent conditions on mining which candidates will complete the degree task performance." requirements. Second, professors communicate divergent expectations of sponsor and candidate SHULMAN, LEE roles to their students. Third, both professors Inquiry Patterns of Students in Teacher Training and candidates may verbalize a set of preferred College of Education, Michigan State University, behaviors regarding individuals who occupy the East Lansing, Mich. 48823; U.S. Office of Edu- positions of sponsor and candidate,butin cation; September 1965December 1967. practice,adhere toaquitedifferentsetof A descriptionofvariousapproachesby behaviors. From the data collected the conclu- teacher education students toward solving prob- sionis drawn that the dropout rate among lems of the types often encountered by teachers doctoral candidates is unlikely to be reduced sig- and administrators, and an analysis of correlative nificantly by more rigorous admission standards, psychological characteristics as well as the effects or by selecting students with desired personality of student teachingon problem-solving ap- traits. It is desirable, therefore, that there be a proaches. PhaseI:60 elementary education system of selection and guidance which takes students given battery of psychological tests; into account the abilities, personality traits, and observation of problem-solving by these students expectations of both faculty members and stu- in experimental setting ; identification of patterns, dents and placing each student under a sponsor and relating of test scores to problem-solving with whom he will be compatible. approaches.PhaseII:repetitionwithnew sample. MARASCUILO, L. A., AND G. GILL SUSLOW, SIDNEY, AND "Measurable Differences Between Successful and ELEANOR LANGLOIS Unsuccessful Doctoral Students in Education." California Journal of Educational Research, 1967, Five Decade Graduate Study 18(2), 65-70. Office of Institutional Research,University of California, Berkeley, Calif 94720; Institutional; A study to discover what differences exist be- 1960-1969. tween the successful and unsuccessful doctoral students in education. Subjects were 106 success- A historical comparison of 8,000 Berkeley ful and 64 unsuccessful doctoral candidates in graduate students who entered in 1924, 1935, education at the University of California, Berke- 1949, 1954, and 1960 by means of academic ley. These students began their programs since records "to provide a descriptive and analytical 1954 and were expected to complete them by presentation of selected academic and demo- 1965. The undergraduate grade point average, graphic characteristics of the graduate popula- scores on the Miller Analogy Test and various tion at Berkeley over a period of nearly five personal characteristics were used to measure decades. Its focus is on comparative material, differences between the two groups. Neither the rather than on the presentation of a complete scores on the Miller Analogy Test nor the under- picture of the graduate student at any one point graduate grade point average distinguished ade- in time." A source document for assessing how quately between successful and unsuccessful much change has occurred in graduate education students. The factors accounting for the differ- and where. ence between the two groups seems to be more a matter of dedication or commitment to academic 1966-1967 RESEARCH work, length of time between BA and beginning of graduate work, and full-time status when KAGAN, DAVID beginning the doctorate. "Role Expectations of Doctoral Candidates and Their Faculty Sponsors." Dissertation Abstracts RENETZY, ALVIN A, 27(4), 1628. University Microfilms, Inc, Ann "All But the Dissertation : A Study of the Fac- Arbor, Mich., 1966. torsof AttritioninGraduate Education."

148 Graduate and Professional Education Dissertation Abstracts A, 27(8) 2451. University 1965 classes of a large Eastern American Uni- Microfilms, Inc., Ann Arbor, Mich., 1967. versity. A battery of personality tests was ad- A study focusing on the problem of attrition ministered on a group basis one week before the among ABD's, that is, those students who, upon beginning of classes. The results indicate that completing all the requirements for the doctoral medical students tend to be more sensitive, more degree except the dissertation, do not subse- prone to worry, and more idealistic, more so- quently complete the research and receive the cially perceptive, and responsive to interpersonal degree. Intellectual ability, motivation, accomo- nuances. But the results of the Minnesota Multi- dation, attitudinal orientation, and nonacademic phasic Personality Inventory suggested that the status were given great consideration. The sample law students were more extroverted and sociable consistedof an experimental group of one and more often "masculine" in orientation; they hundred ABD's and a control group of one seemed less humanitarian, more cynical and hundred individuals who completed the disserta- more authoritarian than medical students. The tion and obtained the doctorate within the conclusion is drawn that there are substantial allotted three year period. Subsequently, a ques- differences between medical and law students tionnaire was developed, an interview schedule before they begin their training, and thatper- was designed, and students were examined in an sonality variables lead to selective entrance. effort to determine whether there was any rela- tionship between attrition and each of the five WESTERN, J. S., AND D. S. ANDERSON categories mentioned above. The findings re- "Some Implications of Career Decisions." Aus- tralian Journal of Higher Education, 1966, 2(3), vealedthat ABD's exhibitsignificantlyless ability to crystalize a dissertation topic early in 207-218. the graduate school career and to stay with this A study of motives for choosing a course of topic once crystalized. ABD's are less motivated study and career and the time at which decisions by anemploymentsituationrequiringthe are made. Questionnaires were distributed to all doctorate; they do not receive a great deal of first-year students in law and engineering at the family encouragement, and are dissatisfied with University of Melbourne. Eighty percent of the the graduate school experience. The findings led law students, numbering 203, responded, while to the conclusions that the degree of accommo- 189 engineering students (99%) responded. The dation achieved by the ABD's is significantly findings revealed three classes of students, those associated with attrition; the attitudinal orienta- who make the subject matter the main deter- tion held by the ABD's is significantly associated minant of their choice, those who consider with attrition; selected nonacademic statuses are secondarygainbeyondtraining(security, significantly predictive of attrition ABD's. prestige, etc.) the most important, and those whose decisions are guided by experiences ofan intellectual or social character. While interests SOLKOFF, N., AND J. MARKOWITZ were more important to the engineering stu- "Personality Characteristics of First-Year Medi- dents, the law students looked more to gain. An cal and Law Students." Journal of Medical Edu- interest in sonie aspect of the subject matter was cation, 1967, 42, 195-200. the main reason for the decisions made by stu- dents at an early age, but students deciding later An examination of ways in which medical and were inclined to give a personal motive for the law students differ before they begin their pro- decision. To the law students social and intel- fessional training. The population consisted of lectualexperiences seemed more important, 178 male freshmen medical students and 198 although these did not appear to affect decision male freshmen law students from the 1964 and time to any great extent.

CURRICULUMteaching and learning within departmentsor programs.

CURRENT RESEARCH nine industrial classrooms within a 150 mile radius of campus. The videotapes were courier- BALDWIN, LIONEL delivered recordingsof livecampus classes Project Colorado SURGE made one day earlier. Subject areas included engineering,mathematics,meteorologyand College of Engineering, Colorado State Univer- business. To offer a medium for a low capital sity, Fort Collins, Cob. 80521; National Science Foundation; September 1967June 1968. investment and operating expense as well as schedule independence between campus and re- Graduate engineering students received resi- mote classrooms. dent credit through video-taped instruction at One hundred ninety-two on-campus students 149 Curriculum and 432 industrial students participated in the A study of the alternative models of medical evaluation, providing: intellective data in terms education "with evaluation of foreign experi- of achievement and non-intellective datain ence." terms of attitude scale scores and suggestions by participants. HOOK, J. N. BEARD, RUTH M. Statewide Curriculum Study Center (Secondary English Teachers Prep.) Introductory Courses in London Medical Schools University Teaching Methods Research, Institute University of Illinois, Urbana, Ill. 61801; U.S. of Education,University of London, London, Office of Education; August 1964July 1969. England; Leverhulme; December 1966Spring Development of plan and center for training 1969. secondary school English teachers,involving A descriptive study of the introductory courses staff from 20 Illinois colleges and universities, in nine of London's 12 medical schools, by and considering both graduate and undergradu- means of questionnaires from the staff and some ate programs and also focusing attention on students completing the course, to "find out inservice training for employed teachers. Base which features in courses give rise to discontent line established from degree candidates of 1964 or satisfaction in students." Aims to "relate 1965 for comparison with future degree candi- common factors in introductory courses with dates. Basic statement of competencies of an student views, motivation, success in course and "ideal" program and variations. "Ad hoc com- in subsequent clinical courses." mittees will ... guide each institution's share of the center." Measurements will include followup BORTS, GEORGE studies, case studies, experimental studies. Graduate Program of Research and Education JERISON, MEYER in Urban Economics The Supervision and Training of Teaching Graduate School, Brown University, Providence, Assistants in Mathematics R.I.; Resources of Future, Incorporated; 1967 1970. Committee on the Undergraduate Program in Department of economics will develop a Mathematics, Graduate Task Force of CUP M graduate program of research and education in Panel on College Teacher Preparation, P. 0. Box urban economics (as also at New York Uni- 1024, Berkeley, Calif. 19401; National Science versity and Iowa State University). Foundation; Completion dateAugust 1968. A descriptive survey on the supervision and COLEMAN, M. C. training of teaching assistants in mathematics with information obtained from 150 mathe- Curriculum Development in Dietetics matics departments in the U.S. and Canada College of Home Economics,Michigan State during 1967-1968. University, East Lansing, Mich.; Allied Health Professions Education Improvement Program KERSH, BERT Y., TWELKER, PAUL, Grant; January 1968January 1969. AND JOHN PYPER Partially a descriptive project "to determine Successive vs. Simultaneous Attainment of what currently encompasses the professional Instructional Objectives duties of the hospital dietician in Michigan" by means of a stratified random sample of per- Teaching Research Division, Oregon State System sonnel in 100 Michigan hospitalsphysicians, of Higher Education, Oregon College of Educa- head nurses, dieticians and hospital administra- tion, Monmouth, Oreg. 97361; U.S. Office of tors. Second aim is to "determine what the pro- Education; 1966November 1968. fessional duties of the hospital dietician should An experimental study of responses by teacher-. be in the future-10 years from now." Data will trainees to different kinds of simulated classroom provide a partial guide to planning curriculumsituations, leading to the development of future for a four-year, integrated, dietetics program atclassroom simulation materials and to deter- Michigan State University. mine whether different teaching strategies should be used with differing kinds of students as mea- DUNLOP, JOHN, AND ROBERT EBERT sured by tests of cognition and personality. Alternative Models of Medical Education Elementary teacher-trainees will respond to film episodes from the classroom, 1) in terms of one Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass. 02138; instructional objective at a time (successive), Carnegie Commission on the Future of Higher2) to two at a time, and 3) to four objectives Education; Completion date-4970. at one time (a. identify cues, b. respond to the 150 Graduate andProfessional Education problem, c. know the educational-psychology TROYER, MAURICE E. (Sponsor), AND principles involved, and d. know background of FRANK STRITTER (Dissertation) particular problem). Evaluation of a Curriculum: Medical Education in SHERMAN, CHARLES D., JR. Syracuse 1872-1967 Self-Instructional Programs for Cancer Control School of Education, Syracuse University, Syra- cuse, N.Y. 13210; Personal; 1966August 1968. University of Rochester, New York, Rochester, N.Y. 14627; Department of Health, Education A historicalstudyusingmedicalschool and Welfare & U.S. Public Health Service; archives and professional publications to dis- January 1967December 1969. cover the factors and forces that play a vital Following a pilot study for developing selfrole in the design and redesign of the medical instructional materials, the current project is a curriculum at Syracuse. developmental experiment with third and fourth year medical students and residents (100) pre- WELLS, JAMES testing and posttesting professional users of the self instructional materials for the teaching of A Beginning Graduate Program in Mathematics cancer treatment. Project includes validation of For Prospective Teachers of Undergraduates materials, evaluation techniques of their use by Committee on the Undergraduate Program in practicing physicians, and coordination of their Mathematics, Graduate Task Force of CUPM use by specialists in continuing education. Panel on College Teacher Preparation, P. 0. Box 1024, Berkeley, Calif. 94701; National Science SPALDING, WILLARD Foundation; Completion dateSeptember 1968. The Doctorate with Emphasis on College and "A detailed description of a graduate pro- University Teaching gram ...emphasizing those parts of graduate California Coordinating Council for Higher Edu- mathematics which are most essential for teach- cation,1020 12th Street, Sacramento, Calif.; ing lower division courses, (but) it is not intended Coordinating Council for Higher Education; as a special tract for graduate students who plan March 1968December 1968. to enter college teaching upon completion of the A study of "the possibility of doctoral degree first graduate component. The program will with an emphasis on excellence on teaching in move the Ph.D.-bound student at a normal rate higher education: (from Council Directive); and toward his goal and give him valuable experience to study the "Subject of a doctor of arts degree in teaching undergraduates." including the market for such a degree" (from Legislative Resolution). WILDS, PRESTON L. SYKES, GRESHAM M. Evaluation of Performance in Clinical Problem-Solving Materials in Sociological Research Methods for Law Students Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Ga.; U.S. University of Denver, Denver, Cob. 80210; U.S. Office of Education; November 1966October Office of Education; September 1966August 1967. 1969. A project to develop and validate numerical A project to develop curriculum materials for scoring systems for clinical tests and "...to a course in sociological research methods for measure different instructional methods." Nine law studentsa two-quarter course for second clinical problem-solving tests will be modified; year students to become standard part of curri- test data will be processed mechanically. "Tests culum of the University of Denver and else- will be administered to five population samples where. "The materials to be developed will be of of medical students,resident physicians and two types-1) case studies, involving issues of clinicians. Scoring will be developed by defined basic concern to the legal profession and 2) a categories of diagnostic process and product, series of exercises which will allow students to and therapeutic product ... which willeffect work out solutions to the various problems clinicians' judgments.... anadaptation of tests encountered in sociological research." to specific problems of patient care .. ."

151 Curriculum SURVEY STUDIESdescriptive field studies, survey research projects, etc.

CURRENT RESEARCH GB, Brazil; National Institute for Pedagogical Studies & Ministry of Education of Brazil; ASTIN, ALEXANDER W. December 1967December 1968. Patterns of Quality in Graduate Education A descriptive survey of approximately 4,500 teachers at Brazilian medical schools (46) to American Council on Education,Washington, obtain datainrelationto: "socio-economic D.C.; American Council on Education; Fall characterization of professor and family; pre- 1965Summer 1968. vious formal training and specialization; fellow- Analysis of 1964 data on the quality of gradu- ships and scholarships received;articles and ate programs in various fields "to gain a better books published; participation in congress and understanding of the factors related toinsti- special meetings; previous and actual jobs, in- tutional quality in graduate education." From cluding private clinic and teaching activities; detailed questionnaires from graduate students salariesreceived." (Books published: Ensino in 1962 rating graduate departments in 30 fields medico no BrasilparteII:Caracterizacao at 109 universities, including ratings by National socio-econornica do estudante universitario.) Merit finalists enrolled from 1961-64. D'AMICO, LOUIS A. BERG, IVAR(Sponsor),AND HAROLD OAKLANDER(Dissertation) Profile of Teaching Associates at Indiana University Some Unanticipated Effects of Advanced Bureau of Institutional Research, Indiana Univer- Education on... the Inservice Teacher sity,Bloomington, Ind.;Institutional; 1965 Graduate School of Business, Columbia Univer- 1968. sity, New York, N.Y.; U.S. Department of La- bor; Fall 1967. An extension of an earlier study (1964-65), now dealing with 7,000 graduate students at "The assumption of educational policy con- Indiana University and their status with regard cerning certification requirements and salary to the selective service. Areas of inquiry include: schedulesisthat advanced education for all 1) age, marital status, and number of children; public school teachersis automatically bene- 2)educationalbackground andexperience; ficial. The author teststhe validityof this 3) status prior to appointment; 4) career plans; assumption by obtaining information about the and 5) evaluation of program. Earlier study per- effects of the requirements for graduate educa- tained to 418 teaching assistants who made an tion upon the turnover rate of teachers." 80 percent response (336). Current study includes all graduate students atIU. BREEN, LEONARD Z. Non-Academic Aspects of Graduate Education DARLINGTON, PAUL E.(Dissertation) Sociology Department, Purdue University, La- Obstacles Delaying Progress Toward the fayette, hid.; Institutional; September 1967 Doctorate, as Perceived by Graduate Students August 1969. Center for the Study of Higher Education, Uni- An exploratory field study using records data versity of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich. 48104; on 10,000 Purdue University graduate students U.S.OfficeofEducation& Institutional; and interviews with some students and adminis- March 1967August 1968. trators "to study the social setting within which An analysis of reasons for long duration of graduate students develop concepts of pro- doctoral programs, deriving descriptive data fessionalism, scholarship, and social commit- ment, (investigating) the interaction between frqm a national sample (3,380) of doctoral candi- dates by means of mailed questionnaires. individual, scholarly, institutional, and adminis- trative goals. Stratification by origin of student, FACULTYOF MEDICINE, UNIVERSITY fieldof study,relative successingraduate OF TORONTO school, etc. Research in Medical .Education CASTRO,CELIA L. M. DE, AND Faculty of Medicine,University of Toronto, MALVINA GHIVELDER Toronto5,Ontario, Canada; Commonwealth Census of Teaching Personnel at Fund; 1965-1968. Brazilian Medical Schools A project to establish an Educational Research Association of Brazilian Medical Schools, Rua Unit, and an Academic Service Unit, to work Leopoldo Bulhoes 1480-8° Andar, Rio de Janeiro with an expansion of the program in medical

152 Graduate andProfessional Education education at the University of Toronto with the possibility of improving behavioral perform- "experimental features." These include multi- ance with drugs, the effect of drugs on social discipline laboratories, and a new curriculum behavior, and behavioral parameters of drug based on a "systems" approach, in the course of action correlated with therapeutic responses in which pathological, biochemical, bacteriological, man." Part of a larger development of studies of and treatment aspects will be covered. "behavioral drugs," including "drug studies with primates, screening and evaluation of psycho- FEIN, RASHI, AND GERALD WEBER active drugs in animals, standardizing methods for evaluating behavior drugs and developing The Financing of Medical Education animal models of human behavior disorders... Brookings Institution,Washington, D.C.; Car- developing a handbook of data on standard negie Commission & Brookings Institution & central nervous system active drugs." Carnegie Corporation; 1968-1970. An economic analysis including "the develop- LANNHOLM, GERALD V. ment of criteria for allocating responsibility for Graduate Schonl Admissions' Practices (Survey) financing and a thorough study of the current financing system in light of these criteria" for the GraduateRecordExaminations,Educational support of medical education in the U.S. This Testing Service, Princeton,N.J.; Educational study willinclude an examination of other Testing Service; Fall 1967Spring 1968. relevant issues, such as "the relationship between Data from approximately 180 departments in the medical school and the university . ..the 29 graduate schools as of February 1968 "con- teaching hospital, the effect of different typcs of cerning the manner in which test scores and other faculty compensation, the adequacy of student dataareincorporatedintotheadmissions aid, and the availability of high quality students process." and faculty for expansion. ..." LANNHOLM, GERALD V., HEISS, ANN M. MARCO, GARY L., AND Study of Graduate Education in 10 Graduate WILLIAM B. SCHRADER Institutions Predicting Graduate School Success: Center for Research and Development in Higher Graduate Record Examinations Education,University of California,Berkeley, Educational TestingService,Princeton,N.J.; Calif 94720; U.S. Office of Education; January Educational Testing Service; Fall 1963Spring 1967December 1969. 1968. A comparative field study of the organization Graduate Record Examinationdata,plus and administration of graduate education, using individual student rating forms for students in interviews with 10 graduate deans, 10 deans of 20 departments (total) in 10 graduate schools to Letters and Science, 120 department chairmen, "evaluate the effectiveness of Graduate Record 20 graduate advisors, and questionnaires with Examination scores and other factors in pre- 4,500 doctoral studcnts and 1,200 graduate fac- dicting success in graduate study, and to provide ulty at 10 universities in thc U.S. Special interest suggestions to graduate departments" wanting inlearning "how graduate departments are to appraise their own procedures. organized to insure needed change, relevance and relatedness in their doctoral programs... LEBOLD, W. K., AND D. A. WOOD to attempt to document reasons why many insti- tutions now considering a move into doctoral Multivariate Nature of Professional Job programming might want to consider alter- Satisfaction natives.. ."Attitude Inventories on 1,400 doc- Department of Freshman Engineering, Purdue toral students will be readministered at the end University, Lafayette, hid.; U.S. Department of of the graduate program to measure changes. Labor; 1968January 1969. IRWIN, SAMUEL A polling of Purdue alumni and a national survey of engineers and scientists (7,000) by Pre-Clinical Drug Evaluation and means of two different questionnaires, "to ex- Methods Development amine the dimensionality of professionals' atti- University of Oregon Medical School, Portland, tudes toward their work." Oreg. 97201 ; Public Health Service; April 1967 May 1968. LEISERSON, MARK W. (Sponsor), AND A project to develop a pre-clinical drug evalua- BARBARA KEHRER (Dissertation) tion program in psychopharmacology, empha- Demand and Supply Under Conditions of sizing the "factors which influence drug response, Shortage: A Study of the Nursing Profession

153 Survey Studies Department of Economics, Yale University, New requirements." Information is taken "from uni- Haven, Conn. 06520; U.S. Department of Labor; versity catalogues and other documents and is July 1968. sent for correction to the graduate program An evaluation of the Nurse Training Act of authorities." 1964 (which sought to increase the supply of nurses through lowering the costs and extending LYSAUGHT, JEROME P., AND availability of nursing education) to assess the CHARLES H. RUSSELL extent to which this approach can be expected Study of ... Nursing and Nursing Education to alleviate shortages. Concentration on hos- pital demand for registered nurses in Connecti- National Commission for the Study of Nursing cut, via interviews with 35 hospital administra- and Nursing Education, Allen Wallis, Chairman, torsplus wage and employment data from University of Rochester, Rochester, N.Y. 14620; Connecticut Hospital Association. Kellogg Fund & Avalon Fund & Private Phi- lanthropy; January 1968September 1970. LEWIS, T. A national field survey, by means of question- Continuing Dental Education naires, interviews, and library research, of the "reasonable expectations for nursing...services Office of Institutional Research,University of needed by the community," assessing the re- Washington, Seattle, Wash. 98105; U.S. Public sourcesfor"safe,effectiveand economical Health Service; July 1967June 1968. nursing education," and assessing the present An exploratory survey of 5,000 dentists of the capacity and program for nursing education. Pacific Northwest to determine the degree to Report will "recommend means for making qua- which dentists continue their formal course work lity nursing srevice broadly accessible." Includes and what courses they need and want. "Study sample of diploma schools of nursing in hos- has implications for continuing education in pitals, junior and community colleges, and col- general." lege and university programs; a sample of health care settings and institutions; and a sample of LOFTUS, GREGG professionals in the health field. Basic Index and Retrieval System Project on Medical Education MAYHEW, LEWIS B. Office of Research and Development, College of Probable Future of Graduate and Medicine.MichiganStateUniversity,East Professional Education in U S Lansing, Mich. 48823; Commonwealth Founda- StanfordUniversity,Stanford,Calif.94305; tion; Fall 1968. 1967-1968. A study to develop a computerized reference A study of postbaccalaureate education in the system on medical education research and related U.S. using institutional profiles of 156 institu- publications: Basic Indexing and Retrieval Sys- tions tem. Will test. 1) the language compatibility of (Part 1 of three-part study). entered information and requested information, 2) the breadth of available information, using distinct methods of recording information, 3) the McCARTNEY, JAMES L., AND reliability of entered information prepared by DARYL HOBBS individuals of varying disciplinary interests and Correlates of Excellence in Graduate Education perspectives. Will develop unique method and instrument to summarize documents. Sociology Department, University of Missouri, Columbia, Mo. 65202; University of Missouri LUGO, JANET Research Council; November 1967September 1968. Survey of Post-Graduate Study in Latin America An exploratory and comparative study, using published data from American Council on Edu- Department of Educational Affairs, Pan American cation, U.S. Office of Education, etc. to "ex- Union, Washington, D.C.; Pan American Union; amine the inter-correlation of several economic, January 1967December 1968. organizational, political, and ecological variables A descriptive survey to list degree-granting as they relate to excellence in graduate educa- graduate programs in Latin America inall tion." Field study to be developed following this fields for the information of perspective students pilot inquiry. Authors "hope to contribute some and others; to include academic calendars and empirical basis to continuing arguments about duration of programs, admission requirements, what contributes to excellence in graduate edu- costs and fellowships, curricula, and graduation cation."

154 Graduate and ProfessionalEducation McCORMACK, WILLIAM A D.C. 20036; U.S. Public Health Service & American Students in India Commonwealth Fund & Association of Ameri- can Medical Colleges; May 1965April 1968. Professional Schools Program in India, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, Calif. 94720; A descriptive field study of 2,500 full-time Department of Health, Education and Welfare; practicing medical specialists and 2,500 gradu- July 1967September 1969. ates of 28 medical schools, "1) to develop mea- sures of professional performance of practicing A descriptive field study of 100 graduate stu- physicians, 2) to apply these measures to a sam- dents from Berkeley in the campus' professional ple of physicians on whom detailed information school program in New Delhi, using interviews has been obtained ...,3) to correlate level of designed for the study, before and after the India performance. ..with variablesbiographical, sojourn, "to identify American graduate stu- personal, and educational," in order to identify dents' successful performance in a non-western areas of notable strength and weakness in medi- society; to determine changes in political attitude cal education programs. which seem to be attendant to their stay in India; to demonstrate increase in knowledge of TAYLOR, ALTON L. India and Southeast Asia; to gain an overall view of the American student experience in Follow-up of Degree Recipients of the Graduate India, with particular reference to problem- School of Arts and Sciences, 1967 solving behavior." Office of Institutional Analysis, University of Vir- ginia, 1B West Range,Charlottesville,Va. McHUGH, ROBERT 22903; Institutional; October 1967May 1968. Supply and Demand in Graduate Education (New York) A descriptive questionnaire survey of 303 degree recipients of the Graduate School of Arts Higher Education Planning Division, New York and Sciences of the University of Virginia to State Education Department, Albany, N.Y.; New identify the field of study, type of degree, current York State Education Department; March 1967 position, and location and salary of the degree 1969. recipients. The study is to reflect "the nature of An analysis of the plans of 30 public institu- the programs offered by ... the school and to tions with doctoral programs, by means of de- provide information for future planning." scriptive data collected by questionnaire from presidents and graduate deans of the institutions TERMAN, FREDERICK as well as National Education Association survey Engineering Education data and National Research Council files aims to relate "the probable supply and demand of Stanford University, Stanford, Calif.; California highly trained manpower (using the Ph.D. as Coordinating Council for Higher Education; basic unit) in New York State in the 1970's in May 1968. all major fields of study (10 A descriptive field study with comparative ob- servationsforproviding"Recommendations RESNIKOFF, ARTHUR, AND related to engineering education: present costs NORMAN KAGAN and facilitits, projected to 1980 costs and facili- Doctor-Patient Relation Research; Interviewing ties, delineation of functions, and criteria needed and Empathy for the evaluation of new engineering schools and programs." Office of Research and Development, College of Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lan- sing, Mich. 48823; Institutional; 1967-1968. WHEELER, JOHN T. Two sections of one study of the processes Collegiate Education for Business of inquiry: the diagnostic process,decision- School of Business Administration, University of making after interviewing and testing the pa- California, Berkeley, Calif. 94720; Ford Founda- tient, aspects of empathizing between physician tion; 1965June 1968. and patient. Preliminary report due in September 1968. A descriptive field study using questionnaires of "all schools and visitsto 50 campuses," SANAZARO, PAUL J. involving "over 1,000 faculty and students inter- viewed," to analyze the current status of the Criteria for Professional Performance of schools of business in the U. S. and the changes Physicians which have taken place in these schools in the Avociation of American Medical Colleges, 1501 last decade. To suggest the role of business New Hampshire Avenue, N.W.,Washington, schools in the universities of the future.

155 Survey Studies 1966-1967 RESEARCH An account of a comparative study of gradu- ate departments in 29 disciplines in 106 institu- tions. Opinions of three major groups were ANDERSON, DONALD 0., AND sought;1)department chairmen,2)distin- ELEANOR RICHES guished scholars, and 3) knowledgeable junior "Some Observations on Attrition of Students scholars who had completed their formal training from Canadian Medical Schools."Canadian not more than 10 years earlier. Aims at a de- Medical Association Journal, 1967, 96(11), 665- scription of the quality of the graduate faculty 674. in their field, the effectiveness of the doctoral program, and anticipated changes in the relative A study of students who entered their fresh- positions of departments. man year for the first time in 1958 and in 1959, from all medical schools in Canada, and those HEISS, A. M. entering the four Western schools in 1960, until "Berkeley Doctoral Students Appraise Their they either graduated or withdrew from medical Academic Programs." Educational Record, 1967, school. The rate of attrition is about 15 percent of matriculants each year, with the lowest rate 48(1), 30-44. at the University of Western Ontario, and the A study to obtain the judgment of doctoral highest at the University of Ottawa. Attrition students on the quality and character of their was classified as academic and non-academic. graduate study experience and to identify stages Significantly higher rates were found in the case of stress in the degree process. Questionnaires of non-academic attrition for women and of were posted to all 3,165 doctoral students regis- academic attrition for Commonwealth students. tered at the University of California, Berkeley, Significantly higher ratesfor both types of 1963-64,with71 percentresponding. One attrition were found for older students and those hundred students who were writing dissertations who had attended undergraduate colleges differ- were interviewed. About 83 percent of the stu- ent from their medical school colleges. It would dents were satisfied with their programs. There appear from available statistics that the factors was great dissatisfaction, however, among stu- which combine to produce attrition are the intel- dents of the physical sciences and professional lectual and personality characteristics of the stu- schools. Many students expressed the need for: dent, school promotion policies, and evaluation 1) a more personalized orientation and integra- methods. tion into the academic life of the university, more interaction with their professors and greater interdisciplinary involvement; 2) a re-examina- CARTTER, ALLAN M. tion of the rationale on which some university An Assessment of Quality in Graduate Education, requirements are predicated and a re-evaluation Washington, D.C., American Council on Edu- of the appropriateness of these requirements to cation, 1966. specific fields of knowledge.

CHANGE AND DIRECTIONevaluation and innovation. (Studies dealing with research on graduate /professional level subjects are included on pp. 115-122.)

CURRENT RESEARCH inperson-to-personteaching,proportionof questions, invitations to students or trainees to BEARD, RUTH M. contribute etc. adequacy of explanations, tech- niques in questionning, etc." Person-to-person Teaching ...In Training Dentists and G.P.'s DEAN, BURTON V. University Teaching Methods Research, Institute Multidisciplinary Ph.D. Curriculum Program of Education,University of London, London, Development England;LeverhulmeTrust;April1967 Summer 1969. Western ReserveUniversity,Cleveland,Ohio 44106; U.S. Office of Education; 1966-1968. An exploratory study, using tape recordings of teaching sessions in five dental schools at A project to develop a "core curriculum for LondonUniversity andgeneralpractitioner multidisciplinary doctoraltraining,"training trainers at and Liverpool. Aims to students "to systematically investigate the or- "find out how different teachers occupy the time ganizational aspects of institutions and their

156 Graduate and Professional Education S.

interrelationships with educational activities of Center for Research and Development in Higher a complex urban community." After a "founda- Education, 1947 Center Street,University of tions course" would come "problem courses" California, Berkeley, Berkeley, Calif. 94720; U.S. to be designed by faculty in sociology, anthro- Office of Education; November 1967-1969. pology, political science, operations research, An exploratory study of about 40 professional and psychology, to be followed by a "processes schools by means of interviews, documents, and course" and later, "theory and communications correspondence with educators, "to discov. r, courses." Evaluation by the end of the second describe, interpret innovations and to commu- year. nicate about them across professional lines.... the reports may help stimulate additional pro- ECKERT, RUTH (Sponsor), AND fessional schools to innovate ..." ANDREW E. HELMICH (Dissertation) A Description and Appraisal of the CIC Traveling HILLIARD, JASON Scholar Program: 1963-1967 "New Departures in Medical School Staffing and Higher EducationDepartment,University ofTeaching" College of Human Medicine, MSU: Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minn. 55455; Personal; Medical Education Research and Development March 1968December 1968. Office A descriptive survey of 416 "traveling scholars Olin Memorial Health Center, Michigan State (1963-1967) and their faculty advisors (389) from University, East Lansing, Mich. 48823; Com- eleven graduate schools of the Committee on monwealth Fund & State of Michigan; 1965 Institutional Cooperation (CIC) in the Mid- 1972. West in the first four years of the operation of a program to facilitate easy 'migration' of gradu- A study of "A new departure in medical school ate students." The study will supply data about staffing and teaching," which uses established the Traveling Scholar Program to: "provide CIC university departments in anatomy, physiology, policy-makers with factual evidence of migration biochemistry and other disciplines and "will patterns, backgrounds and motivations of the conduct ...educational research and evaluation Traveling Scholars, and program strengths and as an integral part ... from the outset." Curri- weaknesses as noted by participants and faculty culum development includes: entry into medical members and encourage wider use of such co- education by university seniors ("Year IV"); operative ventures and hence greater utilization continuing education conferences; comprehen- of the vast educational resources in American sive faculty evaluation of students, replacing graduate education." Two instruments were grades; regular evaluation of faculty by student used: "Inventory of Backgrounds, Activities and questionnaires and interviews; selection of full- Evaluations of Former Traveling Scholars," and time faculty from the medical profession by "Faculty Appraisal of the Traveling Scholar adeliberate,innovative,recruitingprocess: Program." CIC includes 11 participating gradu- 1) good professional standing, 2) interest in edu- ate schools attheUniversities of Chicago, cational process, 3) dissatisfaction with existing Illinois,Indiana, Iowa, Michigan, Michigan educational process, 4) evidence of his own State, Minnesota, Ohio State, Wisconsin, and innovations in practice, and 5) agreement to Purdue University and Northwestern University. turn private non-salary earnings back to the school.) [Specific research projects listed under: EURICH, ALVIN C. Loftus, Resnikoff, and Olmsted.] Outlook and Probabilities for Changes in Higher OLMSTED, ANN, AND Education During the Next 15 Years ROBERT HANSON Academy for Educational Development,Inc., The Future of Medical Education and Commerce City, Colo. 80022; U.S. Public Health Medical Practice Service; 1967-1968. Office of Research and Development, College of A study to investigate 1) substantive changes Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lan- in medical schools, 2) development of institution- sing, Mich. 48823; Institutional; 1968-1969. wide programs of graduate education, 3) chang- ing role of the postdoctoral period and 4) the An extensive questionnaire used with sample of medical practicionersin an attempt "to formal commitment of institutions of higher determine the broad trends in the organization of education to continuing education. medicine and medical care including scientihc and technological innovations...in the milieu HENDERSON, ALGO D., AND in which medicine is practiced in the next 50 JAMES G. PALTRIDGE years." In what areas must changes in the curri- New Directions in Education Among culum of medical education be made to prepare Professional Schools for future context of medical care? How can

157 Change and Direction preparation of physicians affect and modify PECK, ROBERT F., AND trends in the organization of medicinetrends OLIVER H. DOWN (Co-Directors) which are "initiatedin other contexts than medicine but which affect the course of medical Research and Development Center for care?" Approximately 100 question items ask Teacher Education (University of Texas) opinions about effectiveness,possibility, and estimated date of various scientific innovations, University of Texas, Austin, Texas; U.S. Office of Education; (On-going program). social policies, and medical practices which may occur in the next 50 years. The program of the R&D Center for Teacher Education has two major aims: 1) basic research OLMSTED, STERLING P. on the effects of various kinds of teacher educa- tion on actual teaching behavior; and research Humanistic-Social Research Project on the subsequent effect of such teaching be- (Engineering Education) havior on relevant aspects of child learning; 2) the development of a teacher education sys- Wilmington College,Wilmington, Ohio 45177; tem composed of diversified . . . instructional Carnegie Corporation; August 1967July 1968. modules . . . in differing combinations such modules can be used in a flexible, often indi- This field study of the humanities and social vidualized manner for many kinds of teacher sciences in engineering education, involving visits education.. .the Center's efforts are directed to 27 institutions by teams consisting of an engi- through the following three task forces: TASK neer and a liberal arts person, uses in addition a FORCE I, Dr. 0. L. Davis, Jr., coordinator, two-page questionnaire, addressed to "all deans focuses primarily onearliest stages of pre- of engineering," (with a 96 % return), to help service education of student teachers. Particu- "formulate goals for the humanities and social larly equipped to attack the problem of discover- sciencesinengineering education 'which are ing the most efficient and productive balance relevant to the changing character of society and between actual classroom experience and learn- the changing role of the engineer in society... ing experience outside the school during early The study should have something to say about preparationof teachersfor elementary and higher educationingeneral,"althoughthe secondary schools. .. TASK FORCE II, Dr. primary emphasis is on engineering education. David P. Butts, coordinator, is concerned with thefull,two-yearprofessionalsequence of PAYNE, ISABELLE courses for student teachers, building teacher education modules on the earliest levels with Multimedia Project in Nursing Education attention to behavioral objectives appropriate forprospectiveelementaryteachers.Other School of Nursing, Michigan State University, modules will be developed to initiate effective, East Lansing, Mich. 48823; U.S. Public Health hierarchical sequences leading to specialization Service; December 1967December 1970. in specific subject areas... TASK FORCE III, Dr. Frances F. Fuller, coordinator, is responsible Development of a multimedia instructional for developing "personalization" for an under- system in nursing education, using "a pro- graduate professional program for elementary grammed multimedia concept of teaching in the education majors, combining insights and con- lecture room and independent study laboratory." tent from behavioral sciences and curriculum and Aims to develop instructional methods and instruction. Adaptation for secondary education media which will provide for more effective majors or in-service teachers to be considered learning in the first sequence of nursing courses after elementary packages are developed. Final by: developing the behavioral objectives related report of the Personality, Teacher Education and to the conceptual, factual, attitudinal, and de- Teaching Behavior ResearchProject (1962 velopmental areas;utilizing all available re- 1967), Robert F. Peck, director: Effects of Per- sourcesfaculty,staff,media, and facilities. sonalized Feedback During Teacher Preparation Facilities include: individual study carrels with on Teacher Personality and Teaching Behavior is film projectors, slide projectors, tape recorders, available from R &D Center for Teacher Educa- and other audio-visual teaching materials. Lec- tion, Sutton 303, The University of Texas, ture time will be limited to presentation of infor- Austin, Texas 78712. mation that cannot be effectively presented else- where. To provide each student opportunity as an independent learner to pace his own learning YOUNG, DAVID B., AND experiences according to his ability to assimilate JAMES F. COLLINS and to achieve. Assessment according to "what Teacher Education CentersA Unified Approach student has learned rather than how much or how fast .. ." College of Education, University of Maryland, 158 Graduate and Professional Edueafion College Park, Md. 20742; Institutional; Sep- in each setting and to determine the effectiveness tember 1967. of self-instructional video tape models of teach- ing performance, and to determine the relative An experimental field comparison of a random effectiveness of peer supervision. Performance sample of 1,200 student teachers, one group of criteria developed at the University of Maryland whom are placed in teacher education centers, plus Flanders Interaction Analysis and OSCAR to "determine teaching performance differences 5V.

159 Change and Direction Chapter VIII HIGHER EDUCATION IN THE MARKET PLACE Supply, and Demand, Money, and Manpower

(See p. 152 for studies on financing graduate education.)

GENERAL SURVEYS AND BROAD TRENDSfuturecost estimates, salary and benefit studies, returns toeconomy, etc.

CURRENT RESEARCH private university." Data gathered by question- naires, interviews, and budget format instru- ALTER, M. ments. Long-Range Plans of 32 Member Colleges of CAFFREY, JOHN United Negro College Fund Predictions for Higher Education in the Academy for Educational Development, Denver, Next Decade Colo.; United Negro College Fund; March 1967February 1968. American Council on Education, 1785 Massachu- setts Avenue, N. W., Washington, D.C. 20036; A project to develop long-range academic and American Council on Education; May 1968 financial projections, through visits to each of October 1968. 32 colleges and questionnaires from each which A national sampling of college and university included data on academic and financial aspects administrators, faculty, and students and trustees and on long-range (10 years) planning pro- to provide some view of how they feel about jections. "the probability and/or desirability of various hypothetical developments in the coming dec- AVNER, URI ade." Background paper for the ACE annual Current Statistics on Students in Higher meeting, 1968. Education CAMPBELL, ROBERT Central Bureau of Statistics, Jerusalem, Israel; Israel Central Bureau of Statistics & Department Demand for Higher Education in the U.S. of Social Statistics. Center for the Advanced Study of Educational A report of "current statistics on students in Administration,University of Oregon, Eugene, Oreg. 97403; Center for the Advanced Study of higher education. . this is the fourth year that all students in institutions of higher learning in Educational Administration; 1967September this country fili out a uniform questionnaire. A 1968. detailed publication has just been released." A cross-sectional analysis by states (1959 1960),using 1960 censuspublications,U.S. BOWEN, W. G., AND Office of Education, to test a standard statistical PAUL BENACERRAF demand model and estimate coefficience. This study examines the significance of economic Resource Allocation and Decision-Making in variablesinexplaining variations of college Universities enrollment among states. Office of the Provost, Princeton University, Nassau Hall, Princeton, N.J. 08640; Ford Foundation & CHOUDHURY, A. H. Institutional; February 1968January 1971. Economic Development and Educational Planning A demonstration project, using Princeton Uni- Department of Public Instruction, Planning and versity as a case study, and utilizing simulation Development, Dacca, East Pakistan; National; and other techniques, for improving the effective- 1967. ness of the use of resources. "Although the focal Unpublished report which consists of four point is Princeton, (the study is addressed) to parts: 1) general background, 2) public sector fundamental problems which face every major allocations for education in the second and third 160 Higher Education in the Market Place five-year plans, 3) evaluation of the achieve- DAVIDSON, RUDOLPH ments of the second five-year plan ("identifies Study of Public Education in Alabama some difficulties in present planning process and assesses the nature of long-range needs with Alabama Education Study Commission, clo De- reference to third five-year plan"), 4) conclusion. partment of Education, State Office Building, "As the educational development has gradually Montgomery, Ala. 36104; U.S. Office of Educa- widened, it has come to reflect the need for close tion & State of Alabama; 1967May 1969. correspondence and attunement with economic A comprehensive survey and evaluation of the development ..." Includes historical material. public education systems in Alabama, which in- cludes a section on higher education with six CLARK, ROBERT L. major areas of concern: "1) What kind of edu- cational opportunities ...to provide in higher Study of International Migration of Talent education for the citizenry. . .2) What pro- ("Brain Drain") grams and resources presently ...(exist) in the Education and World Affairs, 522 Fifth Avenue, state of Alabama, the number of students en- New York, N.Y. 10036; Rockefeller Founda- rolled in these various programs, and where are tion; January 1967June 1969. these programs offered?" The study will proceed to recommend additions and changes appropri- A descriptive field study, based on reports and ate to the goals spelled out in section one. It will analyses of "manpower experts" in a number of consider the coordinatior of higher education countries in the Far East, Africa, and the Nearin the state, including the role, function, duties East, to examine "what happens to graduates of and responsibilities of a coordinating board, and universitiesparticularly those with higher de- will ask, if a coordinating board is not desirable greesin underdeveloped countries, particularly what are some other nossible arrangements? "A to those who migrate . . . "Will attempt to separate group is studying the capital and opera- assess ... theeconomic cost of the movement of tional needs for a ten-year period ..." talent from the developing nations ... therole "A study was also made by the Southern of Western European nations as importers ofResearch Institute projecting age population high talent manpower ..." 18 to 24 through 1980 for the state ..."

CLICK, DONALD W. DOERMANN, HUMPHREY (Revised Dissertation) Image of Higher Education in American Novels, Crosscurrents in College Admissions 1920-1966 Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass. 02138; Los Angeles Valley College, Van Nuys, Calif.; (Published 1968, by Teachers College Press- Personal; February 1968January 1969. Columbia). Analysis of "150 novels of the period just Using case studies of four private colleges, before and after World War II... toascertain this study tests "common assumptions about the what views of higher education have been held supply of various kinds of college applicants" by novelists writing about American higher edu- especially those who are both bright and finan- cation... Was there achange of viewpoint in cially able. The study begins to "map out crops the two periods ...?" Is there "a single image of high school graduates in the U.S. from 1955 of higher education ... or, ...multiple images?" 1975 by joint distribution, according to academic aptitude (verbal Scholastic Aptitude Test score) CURTIS, D. A., DITRI, A. E., TOUCHE, and by family ability to pay for higher education ROSS, BAILEY, AND SMART ...Includes separate section on the supply of Negro students for college." Uses census sta- A Model Financial Aid Data Processing System tisticsandCollegeEntranceExamination College Entrance Examination Board, 475 River- Board statistics. Drive, New York, N.Y. 10027; College side DRIESSEL, A. BERKLEY Entrance Examination Board; Completion date 1968. Institutions of Higher Education and Their Host Environment: A General Systems Model "The development of a model financial aid data processing system will mechanize the finan- Department of SiPech and Drama, Stanford Uni- versity,Stanford;Calif.94305; November cial aid officer's tasks and allow him to spend 1967. more time counseling students. . . pi ovide a research tool to identify, analyze and anticipate Development of a "general systems model significant trends in needs or sources of financial which depicts the system boundaries, intersystern aid.''' transactions, and characteristic system struc-

161 General Surveysand Broad Trends tures of institutions of higher education and their Institute of Political Studies, 550 Salvatierra articulating social, economic, and support sys- Street, Stanford University,Stanfbrd,Calif.; tems," by a design which will "accommodate Carnegie Commission on the Futum of Higher most behavioral and social methodologies... Education; 1968-1969. Sources of data will include the college and its constituent subsystems and relevant political, "Selected legislators and executive officers in economic, and social systems." nine states, as well as members of the U.S. Con- gress will be interviewed" using an interview DUBIN, ROBERT schedule with open-ended questions. Resource Allocation in Higher Education FERBER, ROBERT University of Oregon, Eugene,Oreg.97403; College.Attendance of Chicago Standard Center for the Advanced Study of Educational Metropolitan Survey Area Residents Administration; Completion date-1968. Survey Research Laboratory, University of Illi- A study examining the problems of adminis- nois, Urbana, Ill.; Institutional; February 1966 tration in higher education along with related June 1968. axes,theone "Subject matter or content- related," the other "methodological." The for- A survey of about 2,000 people in Chicago mer seeks to understand the flows of inputs and (Standard Metropolitan Survey Area) housing outputs between higher education and its larger units by questionnaire, to:1) analyze college environment, and among various institutions of attendance practices of Chicago area youth, higher education, to understand the decisions 2) analyze factors affecting college attendance, which shape them and the constraints which and 3) explore new means of projecting college narrow those decisions. This is a necessary step attendance. towards the construction of analytic models of administration in higher education. The study FROEHLICH, G. J. also examines the internal structure and func- Future Demand for Higher Education in the tioning of organizations in higher education, Chicago Metropolitan Area seeks to complement its first part by "providing the necessary conditions for an integrated set Bureau of Institutional Resources, University of of theories capable of explaining the administra- Illinois, 409 East Chalmers, Champagne, Ill.; Institutional; December 1966July 1968. tion of higher education . . . Over time, the cumulative effect will be to support the produc- A historical and projective study, taking into tion, testing, and use of complete developmental account the potentialities and plans of existing systems for more effective resource administra- institutions, "1) to project enrollments and high tion in higher education." school graduates through 1980 for each private and public school or school district in the six- EBERLE, AUGUST (Sponsor), AND country area in the Chicago metropolitan area, LEO M. MORENO (Dissertation) 2) to follow up the 1965 graduates from each Facilities for Seventh-Day Adventists public and private high school in the area, 3) to Higher Education Institutions project college entrance projections by county, homogeneous area and by type, of institution.. . Department of Higher Education, Indiana Uni- Similar studies will later be carried out for the versity, Bloomington, Ind. 47401; Personal; June other seven metropolitan areas of the state of 1968June 1969. Illinois." A descriptive comparison of facilities of higher education institutions sponsored by the Seventh- FUNDIS, RONALD J. Day Adventist Church with current and planned future enrollments and programs, by means of Census of Higher Education: Nicaragua site visits and interviews with administrators, Nicaragua and AID, National University, Leon, study of published materials, including curricular Nicaragua,C.A.; Institutional & U.S. State publications and blueprints, to determine modi- Department; April 1967February 1968. fications required for various alternative direc- This is a descriptive statistical study of 4,800 tions toward 1975. Institutions sponsored by this church are now characterized by residential students in five institutions of higher education in Nicaragua, using demographic, socioeco- campuses,work-studyprograms,vocational orientation, and "relatively open admissions." nomic statistical data concerning family, prepa- ratory work, academic performance, marital EULAU, HEINZ status, and necessary employment while a student "to provide university planners with some key Survey of Legislative Opinions and information that they need to formulate a new Attitudes on Higher Education and viable policy," especially in view of the high 162 Higher Educationin the Market Place drop-out rates, predominance of night schools, A first phase of study and development of the and class-cultural differences. This study is one future of education in Western Europe "to pro- of the first planning studies for Central American vide us, firstly, with as full a knowledge as pos- higher education. sible of the present functioning of the educational system, the attempts to adapt and change it, the GOVE, SAMUEL K. criticisms leveled against it, the factors which favor or hamper adaptation and change and, The Politics of Higher Education secondly, with an imaginative view of man's Institute of Government and Public Affairs, Uni- environment in the year 2000, and of the qualities versity of Illinois, Urbana, Ill. 61801; Institu- that should be developed by education so that tional; 1967. it can help to shape a desirable future." Pro- poses to "give a picture of the material condi- An exploratory case study, by means of inter- tions under which education will have to function views in selected states and a review of related literature and other materials, describing the at the end of this century; what will be the num- . financial needs ...and political systems with ber of students .. the "relationships of state chances of these needs being supplied?" Not a their state higher education systems," in ordersingle project but "a programme of studies de- to "set the political arena in which higher educa- tion does and will live." A 1967 report to signed to trigger off action." Educational Commission of the Statesisat- KANE, JAMES B., AND tached; author at work on articles, "Higher Edu- KEITH W. SMITH cation and State Constitutional Conventions." Development of Statewide Data System for HANSEN, B. L. Higher Education Information Problems Confronting the Committee of Presi- Board of Higher Education, State of Illinois, 300 dents of the Universities of Ontario East Monroe, Springfield, Ill. 62701; U.S. Office of Education; November 1967July 1968. Office of Institutional Research, University of Toronto, Toronto 5, Ontario; Institutional; 1967 A study of the data available to present insti- 1969. tutions on students, staff, facilities, inventories and the planning of a data information system A number of studies to assist the Committee of for higher education in Illinois, using reports Presidents including: 1) development of model from five other states. to evaluate impact of the provincial operating grants formula on each of the provincial institu- KAZAMIAS, ANDREAS M. tions, 2) economic studies on the value of the A Study of Education in Greece basic income unit used in the formula financing system and of the average salary levels of pro- Wisconsin University, Madison, Wis.; U.S. Office fessors in Canadian (compared with American) of Education; June 30, 1967December 31, institutions, and 3) analysis of the fee structure. 1968. A study of "the educational system of Greece HOENACH, STEPHEN A. (Dissertation) which has recently sought to adapt historically Private Demand for Higher Education in evolved ideas and institutions to the demands of California a modern economy and political life. Education will be analyzed as a dynamic process and as Office of Analytical Studies, University of Cali- part of the larger movement of socio-political fornia, Berkeley, Calif. 94720; Institutional; May and cultural modernization that has been part 1966September 1967. of Greek national development since 1829. The Econometric demand analysis, with "minimal study will describe and analyze the structure, use of questionnaires or other attitudinal data," functions, underlying ideologies, and general to "estimate parameters of private demand for orientation of education in Greece with particu- college ...particularly at University of Califor- lar reference to the developments since the nia, Berkeley, and show how this information Second World War and to the current situation." can be used to help policy makers improve the efficiency of the application of subsidies for LOZANO, WILLIAM A. college students." Role of the Private Four-Year College in Preparing Faculty. ... JANNE, HENRI Transylvania University, Lexington, Ky. 40508; Education for the 21st Century U.S.OfficeofEducation & Institutional; European Cultural Foundation, Emmastraat 30, December 1967Summer 1968. Amsterdam,TheNetherlands;Institutional; An exploratory field comparison of a random 1967-1972. sample of small four-year private colleges which

163 General Surveysand Broad Trends share some characteristics, by means of ques- An inventory of Central American higher edu- tionnaires and some interviews, toward answer- cation programs and facilities, using information ing the question facing most such schools: "Is gathered from "meetings and questionnaires" to: the role of the small four-year college to become 1) program the development of each one of the a regressive one back to a two-year college or organs of CSUCA, considering the necessity of or is it to become a select graduate school ... in the economic and social development of the which the 'preparation of faculty' would play a region, the needs of human resources in the major role?" professional and technical areas, and the neces- sityof the formation of the integral man, McCLELLAND, CHARLES E. 2) "make possible the coordination of objectives Development of the Modern University System and goals, as well as efforts and resources, in Germany between the universities of the Isthmus, 3) estab- lish programs that permit the intensive utilization Department of History,University of Pennsyl- of the installations and actual resources of the vania, Philadelphia, Pa.; Institutional; Summer six national universities of the Isthmus." The 1968-1978. beginnings of coordination of educational sys- Studies in the development of the modern tems in Central America. university system in Germany, that is, since the founding of Gottingen 1737a social and intel- RENNER, RICHARD R. lectual history. This study will focus "on the point at which German education, government, A Study of Education in Colombia and social forces interact . .. penetrating into College of Education, Florida University, Gaines- policies dictating the appointment and promo- ville, Fla.; U.S. Office of Education; June 30, tion of faculty, the social importance attached 1967November 30, 1968. to attendance at the universities, indoctrination and socialization, and the varying prestige of A study of Colombian education "to meet a need for material which analyzes and interprets disciplines through time." developments since 1946. Historical, social, peda- MEIER, ROBERT C. gogical, and planningaspectswillalsobe studied. A survey ofliterature will be made at the Future Land, Building, and Staff Requirements in University of Florida, and the principal investi- Institutions of Higher Learning gator will use a four-week visit to Colombia to School of Business Administration, University of interview educators and students, to acquire Washington, Seattle, Wash. 98105; U.S. Office of recentpublications, and tovisit educational Education; Completion date-1967. institutions." A project to develop a computer program to ROGERS, DANIEL C. provide estimates of university requirements for land, buildings and staff, using projections of Returns on Higher Levels of Education in Kenya variables external to a university which affect Institute for Development,UniversityCollege, these requirements. Nairobi, Kenya; Rockefeller Foundation; Sep- tember 1967April 1968. NAKAMURA, HAJIME Using pay scales of the government of Kenya, Future of the University in Japan Ministry of Education, and other cost data, this Department of Indian Philosophy, Tokyo Univer- study attempts "to determine the internal rates of return being earned on higher levels of educa- sity,Tokyo, Japan;Ministry of Education; October 1966March 1969. tion in Kenya (and the effect of these returns on) the repayment of costs of education under A comparative case study of higher educations various loan schemes." It follows with a simu- problems in Japan, using interviews and reports lation technique "to determine the amount of "to find some ideal patterns of higher education government revenue which a loan program might system, curriculum, size of institution, etc., based generate over the next 15 years ... The results on analyzing present problems in Japan and may make a program of loans tostudents those of foreign countries." politically possible."

QUINTEROS, OSCAR, LEMUS, B., RUITER, R. LOPEZ, R., VIJIL, M. E., et al Number of Students Per University and Regional Project: Central American University Faculty up to 1980 Development Centraal Planbureau,Netherlands;National; Central American States Universities, San Jose, Costa Rica, C.A.; Ford Foundation & Institu- 1966-1967. tional; May 1966September 1968. Appears in Register of Current Research in the

164 Higher Educationin the Market Place Social Sciences 1966-67,published by Dutch U.S. Office of Education & National Science Social Sciences Council. Foundation & Bureau of Health and Manpower; July 1966March 1969. SNIDER, RICHARD H. (Dissertation) An examination of "long-range planning in Factors Affecting Attempts to Establish Junior higher education by states and regional groups, Colleges in Sparsely Populated Countries by graduate and professional schools, and the outlook for innovation in higher education. The University of Arizona, Tucson, Ariz. 85721;Per- sonal; February 1967May 1968. reports will include an examination, description, and critique of the status of planning for higher Historical case study of efforts to establish education within the 50 states, state master plans public junior collegesinsparsely populated for higher education, and regional planning for counties, using structured interviews with 60 higher education; plans for the next 15 years for persons plus official documents, newspaper, and graduate and professional programs; and the other publications, to determine "the influence outlook for significant innovation in the struc- ofpowerfulindividualsandgovernmental ture of higher education, both public and pri- groups and ... effects of published reports" on vate, and in educational techniques by 1970, feasibility of proposed institutions. Hopes to 1975, and 1980." Report No. 1 (completed): "indicate methodologies of feasibilitystudy Present PlanninginHigher Education,by groups that can best translate a discovered need Nancy M. Berve; Report No. 2: Expansion of to the citizenry." Graduate Education...; Status of Planning in the 50 states...; Innovations in Higher Educa- STEARNS, FLOYD, AND tionby Lewis Mayhew; Changing Role of GEORGE MITTON Higher Education Institutions in Postdoctoral Survey of Higher Education Facilities, Population Education . . .; University-wide Programs of and Resources in Oregon Graduate Education in the Sciences. . . by Chester M. Alter; Plans, Outlook, and Potential Oregon State Educational Coordinating Council, of Higher Education Institutions in regard to 647 Union Street, N.E., Salem, Oreg. 97310; Continuing Education, by David L. Mosconi. Federal; June 1967November 1968. A multisectional survey of the current status VIVRETT, WALTER K. of higher education in the state of Oregon, Study of the Concept of an Experimental City, primarily descriptive in nature, and including the Population 250,000 following substudies: 1) the role and scope of (all) institutions of higher education in the state 110 Architecture Building, University of Minne- of Oregon; 2) facilities classification and in- sota, Minneapnlis, Minn.;Federal agencies & ventory system; 3) student enrollment distribu- Local industries. tion and trends; 4) status of educational/instruc- An interdisciplinary project, the current phase tional television and radio in Oregon; and 5) a of which is "to study the concept of an experi- survey of post-high school educational services mental, new city in which innovations might be in the 14 State administrative districts in Oregon. demonstrated and tested." Should have im- portant implications for higher education insti- SUTTON, JOSEPH T. tutions. Five-Year Enrollment Projections for University of Alabama WRIGHT, PATRICIA S. Institutional Research,University of Alabama, Trends in Higher Education University, Ala. 35486; Institutional; September U.S.Office of Education,Washington,D.C. 1967July 1968. 20202;U.S. Office of Education; October 1967 A simulation study using descriptive data from 1969. the Alabama public and private schools and A descriptive study set in a historical context Bureau of Census reports, "to estimate Univer- "relating all known existent national data on sity of Alabama enrollments for each of next higher education to relevant variables. . . to five years and to establish data processing system present the past, present and next decade in for heuristic improvement of a system for con- higher education in graphic form. The impact tinuing use." upon society of higher education and the con- tribution of higher educationto our social TICKTON, SIDNEY G. structure." Populationstatistics on allinsti- tutions of higher education in the U.S. are used Studies in the Future of Higher Education and displayed, as drawn from Census Bureau, Academy for Educational Development, Denver, Bureau of Labor, American Council on Educa- Cob.;National Institute for Mental Health & tion, National Education Association, and other

165 General Surveys and Broad Trends national data sources. "A basic handbook on tional, teacher training, and higher education. It higher education and its component partsalso includes sections on the land andits students, faculty, finances, etc." will be pub- people, history of education in the UAR and lished. the organization and administration of the edu- cational system. The study will analyze the data, evaluate each level of education, discussits problems, its failures and successes.

1966-1967 RESEARCH KAHN, HERMAN CAMPBELL, ROBERT, AND "Pilot Study for Policy Research Center Pro- BARRY N. SIEGEL gram." Research in Education, 1967, (10), 9. "A Model for the Demand for Higher Education An investigation of the feasibility of develop- in the United States, 1919-1964." Research in ing a national education policy research system. Education, November 1967, (11) 3. Specifically a group of pilot studies would be conducted to provide guidance in the establish- A study based on the fact that college enroll- ment of operational centers for research in future ment represents the purchase of both a producer educational needs, resources and policies. With a and consumer variable, and is an act of invest- look to the future, these studies aim at identify- ment. The risks of investment appear in two ing and describing alternative trends for educa- forms: 1) the risk of failure to complete the edu- tion as well as for aspects of society and tech- cation and 2) the risk that education, even nology infringing upon and relating to educa- though completed will not yield the expected tional policy. In addition, a set of alternative, income return. Statistical demand analysis, em- basic, educational strategies will be developed phasizing the influence of relative prices and real for educational policy, providing a comparative income upon the demand for a commodity, was look at a reasonably complete range of assump- used to develop a model of the demand for tions and objectives. Finally, organizational and higher education'. Only those regarded as poten- methodological recommendations of a prelimi- tial investorsgraduate students and students nary nature will be made for setting up a proto- enrolled in two-year institutionswere excluded type, educational policy research system. from the study. From the analyses made, the principles that limit educational demand below KOENIG, HERMAN E., ET AL. the total of those eligible to enroll were deduced A Systems Approach to Higher EducationA to be: 1) those individuals whose expected rate Comprehensive Report of Progress. Division of of return over cost is zero, or below, will have a Engineering Research, National Scknce Founda- zero enrollment demand and 2) enrollment de- tion Project C-396, Interim Report No.3, mand is diminished by exclusion of those who East Lansing, Mich.: Michigan State Univer- must rely on loans to enroll. The model derived as a measure of demand was that the ratio of sity, 1966. enrollees to eligibles for a given year is a func- A descriptionof a projectto developa tion of the real disposable income per household dynamic systems model of a university. The and of the average real tuition in that year. modelisstatedmathematically,andfully represents the flow of students and other re- JUSAIN, FAHIN sources needed to sustain the institution. Costs are considered as only one part of the total "A Study of Education in the United Arab system.The investigatorsarguedthatthe Republic ()." Research in Education. financial dimension of the institutionisnot A survey, to be completed in December 1968, independent of other variables. Offers a cost of the educational system in the United Arab analysis model which can be adapted to the Republic, including elementary, secondary, voca- particular needs of each institution.

THE ECONOMICS OF HIGHER EDUCATION

CURRENT RESEARCH Austin, Tex ; Coordinating Board of State Col- leges and Universities; Completion date-1968. ALLEN, J. STEWART A summary and collating of data on private Study of Private Colleges and Universities education in the Texas system, with regional in Texas analyses of the higher education resources in Association of Texas Colleges and Universities, each section of the state where a private college

166 Higher Education in the Market Place or university is located, along with a profile of A descriptive report on the voluntary support each private institution. Will include data on received during 1965-66 by 44 urban institutions enrollments, financing, curriculum, philosophy, of higher education,allprivately controlled, governance, projections, and plans. ranging from coast to coast and enrollment from 1,696 to 24,123 students. Amounts tabulated by ANDERSON, KENNETH E. source, purpose, and recipients. Data are from annual survey, "Voluntary Support of Edu- Forecasting University of Kansas Enrollments cation." 68-69 to 77-78 University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kans. 66044; BENT, Z. KRIZ Institutional. A project to project University of Kansas Voluntary Support of Education Survey enrollments so as to aid in planning for build- Council for Financial Aid to Education, Inc., ings and staff. 6 East 45th Street, New York, N.Y. 10017; American Alumni Council & Institutional; ARMBRUSTER, W., BODENHoFER, H. J., Completion date-1968. HARTUNG, D., AND W. D. WINTERHAGER An annual inventory of "1,000 or more col- leges ... to discover the status of their endow- Expansion of Higher Education and the ment funds . .. both on the basis of the book Labor Market value and market value," and "to report the Institute for Educational Research: Max Planck sources of voluntary support of colleges and Gesellschaft, Berlin; Institutional; May 1968 universities." . (First stage: pilot study). An exploratory study to investigate the mecha- BRASKAMP, LARRY A., AND nisms for the absorption of highly qualified HARRY C. CANON manpower by private employers, to find out economic,social,andorganizationaldeter- Various Perceptions of a University minants of the willingness of employers to hire (from outside and within) more highly qualified manpower and also the CounselingCenter,Universityof Nebraska, employment conditions (wages, kind of job, etc.). Lincoln, Nebr.; Institutional; September 1967 The aim of further research will be the develop- June 1968. ment of strategies to overcome the economic limitations of the expansion of higher education. A comparative field study of perceptions of the In this way it should be possible to replace theUniversity of Nebraska, using the CUES Test manpower requirements approach that tends to with "a few civic groups (Kiwanis, 4-H, and characterize the educational policy by economi- Young Farmers) and 100 persons within the cally determined aims. college community (students, faculty, and stu- dent personnel workers) in order to determine if BOLTON, ROGER E. persons outside the university community had Public Financing of Higher Education perceptions similar to those who were within the university community. "The first purpose was to Economics Department, Williams College, Wil- determine if persons outside the university com-

liamstown, Mass. 01267; Brookings Institute; munity had perceptions of the university."... June 1966-1969. A survey "to outline, in language somewhat BUWALDA, G. understandable to the educated layman and others not trained in technical economics, the Student Expenditure Survey, 1966-67 various issues in financing higher education, (Netherlands) including problems of efficient allocation, and income distribution. Central Bureau of Statistics, The Hague, Oost- duinlaan2,Netherlands;National:October 1967October 1970. BENT, Z. KRIZ Voluntary Support of 44 Urban 'Iniversities, A survey of private expenditures by Dutch 1965-1966 students, by means of interviews and personal account books, and using computer processing Director of Statistical Studies, Division of Re- of data. (Register of Current Research in the search, Council for Financial Aid to Education, Social Sciences-1966-1967published by the 6 East 45th Street, New York, N.Y. 10017; Royal Dutch Academy Social Sciences Council), Council for Financial Aid to Education; 1967. p. 180.

167 The Economics of Higher Education CAFFREY, JOHN, AND "Philosophy, policy, structure, and practice in HERBERT ISAACS grant-making relations between large U.S. phil- anthropic foundations and U.S. colleges and The Economic Impact of Higher Education universities. Monograph in preparation." Institutions on Their Communities American Council on Education, 1785 Massachu- COPE, ROBERT G. settsAve.,N. W.,Washington,D.C. 20036; ESSO Educational Foundation; July 1968 Budget Formulas: Comparison and Analysis of Current Use (by State Boards of Higher Edu- March 1969. cation) A developmental project, using case studies and visits to campuses along with discussions University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Mass.; with civic and municipal leaders, "to develop Institutional; November 1967Summer 1968. guidelines, principles, and procedures to be used An analytical comparison of budget formulas by colleges and universities and/or by local used by 20 states, as reported by directors of groups of citizensto estimate the economic state boards of higher education. impact of a college or university on the com- munity where itis located. What costs and CORRALLO, SALVATORE benefits should be accounted for? How should they be weighed?" An Analysis of Instructional Expenditures for Institutions of Higher Education in the Northeast United States for Years 1961-1962 and 1963 CHAMBERS, M. M. 1964, and 1965-1966 State Tax Support of Higher Education U.S. Office of Education, Office of Program Plan- Higher Education Department, Indiana Univer- ning, Washington, D.C.; U.S. Office of Educa- sity,Bloomington, Ind.;Institutional; 1966 tion; January 1968November 1968. September 1968. An identification of common patterns of in- A study using interviews with 600 key persons structional expenditures for institutions of higher in all state capitals (State fiscal officers, univer- education through analyses of both cross-section sity presidents, etc.) to conduct a "continuing and marginal operating costs. The implications collectionof data and comment regarding of the enrollment mix, professional wage and appropriations of state tax funds for annual staffing patterns, and the structure of revenue on operating expenses of higher education in 50 expenditure levels and patterns will also be deter- states, together with less comprehensive data on mined. Survey data from the U.S. Office of capital funds and their sources, and improve- Education and selected published sources will ments in state revenue systems." Aims to cir- be used. culate data on regular bases and disclose trends COX, LANIER and future probabilities. Development of State Budgets for CHAMBERS, M. M. Higher Education Higher Education in the 50 States Educational Commission of the States, Lincoln Tower Building,Denver,C'olo.;Educational Indiana University, Bloomington, Ind.; 1968 Commission of the States; April 1968March 1970. 1969. A study of "administrative, legal, financial and An inquiry, by means of conferences and inter- statistical aspects of higher education in the na- views between state budget officers and institu- tion and in each of the states, with emphasis on tional budget officers, to determine for each state the most recent 10 years. Comparative studies of how the higher education institutions work with higher education and economic growth, indus- the legislators, and the steps taken for develop- trial productivity, public health and population ment of an institutional budget to legislative mobility. Based in part on the 10 year files of hearings. GRAPEVINE, containing documents and cor- respondence from key individuals and agencies DANIELS, ELIZABETH A. in every state." Study of Alternative New Dimensions (Vassar College) COLVARD, RICHARD Committee on New Dimensions, Vassar College, Risk Capital Philanthropy and Poughkeepsie, N. Y. 12601 ; Institutional; 1967 Higher Education 1968. Department of Sociology, State University of An investigation of the alternative directions New York, Buffalo, N.Y.; 1967-1969. open to Vassar College assuming that: "1) Vas-

168 Higher Educationhi the Market Place sar will remain in Poughkeepsie, 2) ...retain DUNCAN, RALPH A., AND identity as a private, autonomous institution ..., NINA ZACHARY 3) strengthen her emphasis on undergraduate Financizzg Higher Education: Guaranteed Loan education, 4) (she will accept) peripheral expan- Program of New Jersey sion ...make more efficient use of resources." Considers four kinds of development: "I. (Un- Department of Higher Education, Trenton, N.J.; dergraduate) two schools sharing instruction, State of New Jersey; Completion date-1968. facilities and programsthe other being a men's A questionnaire survey of high school and college; II. (Graduate) two institutes plus se- college students in New Jersey "to survey and lected graduate programs, with directorsre- determine financial needs of college-going stu- sponsible to the President, and representing an dents who have the aptitude and are so motivated interdisciplinary approach in untraditional fields to secure a higher education." an Institute for the Study of Man andHis Environment (with new degree, Master of Envi- ECKAUS, RICHARD S. ronmental Sciences) and an Institute for the Study of Teaching (with new M.A.T. degree); A Disaggregated Study of the Returns III. Computer center; IV. A new Vassar corn- to Education plex/SUNY, a number of private-public ven- Economics Department, Massachusetts Institute tures. .." Proposa;, based on questionnaires of Technology, Cambridge, Mass. 02139; Car- from alumnae and current students, as well as negie Corporation; June 1968September 1969. some historical data. "The object of the proposed study is to in- DANIERE, ANDRE L. vestigate the returns to education in particular occupations and, by doing so, to learn more Cost-Benefit Analysis of Federal ... Aid about the overall rate of return to education and to Students the sources of income differences in the labor Department of Economics, Harvard University, force." U.S. Census data used. Cambridge, Mass. 02138; Office of Health, Edu- cation, and Welfare; June 1966August 1968. ENGBRETSON, WILLIAM E. (Sponsor), AND W. SAM ADAMS (Dissertation) Beginning with a "substantial data base on the a 1965 cohort of college entrants,"this study Economic Characteristics of Students Attending attempts to "compare alternative packages of Colorado State Colleges and Universities, Fall federal programs of financial aid to college stu- 1967 dents" by projecting the behavior patterns ofSchool of Education,University of Denver, potential students, their families, state govern- Denver, Colo. 80210; Personal; October 1967 ments, higher education institutions,philan- thropists, etc., and then to measure effects of Summer 1969. federal aid to students. "Potential entrants were Describes and compares economic character- jointly distributed by the college aptitude and istics of students attending Colorado state col- family income and their history projected . . . leges and universities (fall 1967) and determines through college career," making adjustments for "which student characteristics are related to differences among institutions. Includes infor- institutional attendance and what selected family mation on graduate and post-graduate education background information can be associated with patterns as well as on aid packages received. the students' spending habits and sourcesof income." Uses questionnaire data from 1,040 DUBIN, ROBERT undergraduates (2 % of 55,000 undergraduates at nine four-year institutions), andinterviews The Demand for Higher Education with financial aid officers. (W. E. Engbretson's Center for Advanced Study of Education Ad- address: College of Education, Temple Univer- ministration,Universityof Oregon,Eugene, sity, Philadelphia, Pa. 19122). Oreg.; Center for Advanced Study of Education Administration; Completion date-1971. GARBARINO, JOSEPH W. Research seeking to "apply the standard tools Analysis of Academic and Scientific Salaries, of statistical demand analysis to higher educa- Professional Relations in Higher Education tion using cross-sectional data by states and School of Business Administration, Universityof includinggraduatestudentenrollment and California, Berkeley,Calif.; National Science demand for two-year colleges. ... Togetherwith Foundation (partial); Summer 1966Summer projects related to higher education's responses 1968. to its markets, this research should provide a knowledge base for the formulation of policies Two case studies and statistical analysis to- in the area of admission, tuition, and student aid. ward understanding "the behavior of salaries

169 The Economicsof Highet Education relativeto other occupations andinternally schedule, the chief aim of which is to "review within the professional groups,"that is, com- the contents of salary schedule documents and parison of faculty salaries with theincomes of report the major salary-related policieswhich nonteaching, nonacademic scientistsby means the schedules contain." of salary surveys, field studies, andinterviews. The second part traces the evolutionof "formal HANSEN, W. LEE, AND BURTON A. educational relationships between professional WEISBROD organizations,particularlyinstitutionalgov- ernance." Occupations, Incomes, and Education of GRANT, RICHARD V. Social Systems Research Institute, University Wisconsin, Social Sciences Building, Madison, State Supported Student Financial AidPrograms Wis. 53706; Ford Foundation; 1968December Within the 50 States 1969. Bureau of Educational Research,University of This study will attempt to evaluate the impor- Denver, Denver, Cob. 80210;Education Com- tance of such education-relatedvariablesas mission of the States; 1967-1968. ability, motivation, environment and qualityof A survey and analysis of programsof state schooling tp higher incomes, increasedproduc- financial aid to students in each of the50 states, tivity, and economic growth. Data used will be including data on the administrationof pro- drawn from extensive information on threelarge grams, priorities, amounts,and requirements groups of individuals. for aid recipients. GREENOUGH, WILLIAM C., AND HARBISON, FREDERICK H. FRANCIS B. KING Higher Education in Africa and Latin America PrincetonUniversity, Benefit Plans in American Colleges Economics Department, Princeton, N.J.; 1968. Teachers Insurance and AnnuityAssociation CREF, 730 Third Avenue, NewYork, N.Y. A study of the economics of highereducation 10017; Teachers Insurance andAnnuity Asso- on two continents with"emphases on outputs, ciation; March 1969. orientation, resource constraints, costs, benefits and administrative planning." A survey via questionnaire(1/68) to business officers of U.S. institutions ofhigher education to provide information onstaff benefit plans HARRIS, SEYMOUR E. and universities. current in four-year colleges The Economics of Harvard: 1636-1966 Covers retirement plans, group lifeinsurance, health insurance (basichospital-surgical-medi- Department of Economics, University of Califor- cal and major medical), sick payplans, and nia, San Diego, Calif 92038 ; FordFoundation & short- and long-term disability incomeinsurance. Carnegie Corporation; Completion date-1968. Also uses information fromTeachers Insurance records, and from Historical study of "How a Great University and Annuity Association obtained resources, allocated teacher systems.Dis- Grew: How it publicemployee-state them, set prices for students andincome for cusses trends since theprevious survey (1959), institutions of faculty; how it invested funds and the returns principles of bc.tefit planning for received; the socioeconomic background of stu- higher education, types of plans ineffect, and college and benefit plans for dents." Pays special attention to the describes the current status of two major professional schools. faculty, administrative staff, andclerical-service employees in higher education. Dr.Greenough is chairman of Teachers Insuranceand Annuity HARRIS, SEYMOUR E. Equities Association and College Retirement Economics of Higher Education: The Facts Fund, and Dr. King is researchofficer. Department of Economics, University ofCalifor- GRAYMAL, WILLIAM S., AND nia, San Diego, Calif 92038;Carnegie Corpora- SHEILA MARTIN tion; Completion date-1968. Salary Schedules in Higher Education A compendium of the currentstatistics of ResearchDivision,National Education Asso- higher education in America: numbers;loca- ciation, 1201 Sixteenth Street, N.W.;Washing- tions of institutions; faculty rewards; costsof ton, D.C. 20036; NationalEducation Associa- higher educationtotals and by type;migration; tion; November 1967August 1968. and financing of various types ofinstitutions. institutions of "Largely depends on Federal andState docu- A descriptive survey of 800 private studies." higher education which reporthaving a salary ments, but also uses numerous

170Higher Educationin the Market Place INGRAHAM: MARK specific universities" for more efficient resource allocation in higher education. Total Compensation of Chief Administrative Officers in U.S. Colleges and Universities JUDY, RICHARD W., AND Association of American Colleges, Teachers In- JACK B. LEVINE surance and Annuity Association, c/o University of Wisconsin,Madison, Wis.53706; ESSO A C'omprehensive Analytical Method of Planning Foundation; 1968. in the University Sphere: University of Toronto A survey of 10 administrative positions in 877 InstituteforPolicyAnalysis,Universityof (of 1,104) institutions drew over 6,000 responses, Toronto, Toronto 5, Ontario; Institutional; 1966 provides information on retirement and insur-July 1968. ance benefits,salaries, and deferred salaries, Development of CAMPUS, a "system simula- children's education, health, disability insurance, tion model for university planning and ad- vacation, leaves, housing, entertainment allow- ministration, which simulates university opera- ance, office facilities, transportation, for both tions over a time period of any length. (The four-year liberal arts colleges and universities. computer] accepts descriptions of the university (Being published by U.W. Press, entitled The structure and .. .activities that the university is Mirror of Brass.) expected to perform ... and computes the result- ing resource requirements of staff, space, mate- INGRAHAM, MARK H., AND rials and money." "Personnel, space, equipment FRANCIS P. KING and money are the major types of resources Total Compensation of Chief Administrative analyzed by the model, and administrative deci- Officers in U.S. Colleges and Universities sions on such matters as professorial work loads, class sizes, etc." University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis. 53706; ESSO Foundation & Association of American Colleges & Teachers Insurance and Annuity KAUFMAN, JACOB J. AND Association; 1965Spring 1968. LEWIS LEVINE A descriptive and statistical study of the University Research Consultation compensation and conditions of work of the principal administrative officers of colleges and Pennsylvania State University, University Park, universities in the U.S., derived chiefly from Pa. 16802; U.S. Labor Department; Pilot Con- 6,275 responses to questionnaires. Different in- ference May 1967. struments used for presidents of institutions and .specific purpose of the conference was to nine other administrative positions. (Being pub- apprise selected university faculty actively en- lished by U.W. Press, entitled The Mirror ofgaged in teaching and research in the manpower- Brass.) related disciplines, of recent Federal legislation, policy and program developments in the man- INNIS, C. THOMAS power area. Prospective research problems were Instructional Cost Studies identified and a forum was provided for the interchange of ideas on how the academic com- Office of Institutional Studies,University of munity might best contribute to the advancement Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221; Institutional; of national manpower goals." Report of pro- November 1967. ceedings, Fall, 1967. A descriptive study, using computer-simula- tion technique, to describe instructional costs KEENE, T. WAYNE within the University of Cincinnati, to provide standards and aids for budgeting and future Program Cost Differentials at University of planning. South Florida Institutional Planning and Analysis, University of JUDY, RICHARD W. SouthFlorida,4202FowlerAve.,Tampa, Systems Analysis for Efficient Resource Fla. 33620; Institutional; July 1967March Allocation in Higher Education 1968. InstituteforPolicyAnalysis,Universityof A historicalanalysis,usinginstitutional Toronto, Toronto 5, Ontario, Canada; Ford Foun- records and questionnaires for university staff, dation & Donner Foundation & Institutional & to "determine .. costsof the various instruc- Ontario Department of Health; Ongoing. tional programs ...and determine direct and Simulation studies with data "derived from a indirect costs of research and extensioecom- variety of sources including detailed filesof munity services" since the university's beginning.

171 The Economicsof Higher Education KENNEDY, VAN D. Office of Institutional Research,University of Michigan, Ann Arbor,Mich. 48104; Institu- Higher Education Policies and Manpower Needs tional; October 1967June 1968. in India An exploratory development of a system anal- Department of Business Administration, Univer- ysis, using data on economic arid social variables sity of California, Berkeley, Calif. 94720 at the University of Michigan as well as re- A documentary analysis and comparative sponses to a faculty questionnaire, to derive "a study,testing a hypothesis that "the Indian comprehensive picture of the impact of the Uni- higher education system is failing to meet the versity of Michigan on its students, its faculty, country's human resource needs and may in and the community." Maintains that systems fact be a positive deterrent to development." analysisheretofore has not takensufficient Seeks to identify the evidence such that India account of the benefits of certain "outputs" as can have greater understanding of the "defects research and public service, and "total institu- in her higher education system." tional impact on the economy and on society." Seeks therefore to "determine a better estimate KLEIS, RUSSELL J. of the monetary and non-monetary benefits to be derived by the legislature and citizens of the Role of University Administrators in the Formula- State ...from appropriations to the university. tion of Federal Higher Education Policy ... College of Education, Michigan State University, MAYHEW, LEWIS B. East Lansing, Mich. 48823; Institutional; Janu- ary 1967June 1968. Probable Future of State and Regional Long-range Planning in Higher Education A historical case study of the interaction Calif94305; among university administrators, congressional StanfordUniversity,Stanford, staff members, congressmen and officers of the 1967-1968. USOE duringtheprogressof Public Law An attempt to assess developments in state #89-329, by means of open-ended interviews master plans and coordinating agencies as well (65 persons interviewed). as other state and regional eflorts "which look to the future" (Part II of three-part study). LEE, EVERETT Demographic Study of New England Region MILLER, JAMES L., JR. New England Board of Higher Education, 20 Use and Effectiveness of Title III Funds in Walnut Street, Wellesley, Mass. 02181; Higher Selected Developing Institutions Education Facilities Commissions; 1968-1969. Center for the Study of Higher Education, Uni- A survey "to provide demographic informa- versity of Michigan, 1100 South University, Ann tion for statewide higher education planners in Arbor, Mich.; U.S. Office of Education; March New England region." 1968December 1968. Case studies of a selected group of about 32 LIGGETT, DONALD R. developing institutions with Title III grants, their cooperating institutions, and agencies working Student Financial Aid and Socio-economic Distribution of Student Bodies, 1950-1965 with specific programs, "to identify factors asso- ciated with effective utilization of Title III funds, Associated Colleges of the Midwest, c/o Coe and the overall impact of monies granted ... in College, Cedar Rapids, Iowa 52402; U.S. Office the program'sfirst two years." Information of Education; Completion dateSpring 1969. gathered from Title III applications and sup- With a survey of all application blanks of porting documents, other printed materials from entering freshmen for 1950, 1955, 1960 and 1965 the colleges, survey questionnaire cofaculty in 10 colleges of Associated Colleges of the Mid- members, and selected interviews. west, this study will note aid awarded, field of study, and whether recipient graduated. Will MITCHELL, ROBERT E. attempt to determine trends in socio-economic The Needs of Hong Kong Manufacturing Industry level of entering freshmen and effects of student for Higher Level Manpower aid programs on socio-economic status composi- tion of student bodies, also relation of socio- Social Survey Research Centre,University of economic status to major. Hong Kong, On Lee Building 10/ F, 545 Nathan Road, Kowloon, Hong Kong; July 1966-1968. MANN, WILLIAM R., AND A project to help the Hong Kong Government DON C. LELONG plan for the development of post secondary Systems Analysis of Institutional Output education in the Colony. Information was needed

172 Higher Education in the Market Place

I. on the need for and use of higher level man- the Future of Higher Education; September power. To this end, a study was conducted on a 1967September 1969. variety of issues, including the sources and role of university graduates in industry. The chapter "The project's goal is to develop econometric tit!es in the book are: The Study's Purpose and models relevant to the planning, implementation Perspective; A Statistical Overview of Large and evaluation of change in the U.S. higher Firms; Higher Level Manpower and University education system. Accordingly, the following Trainees:Some Supply and Growth Rate subjects are under study: 1) a Higher Education Statistics; Determinants of the Size of Higher Cost Model; 2) dynamic Input-Output Models Level Manpower and the Demand for University of the Higher Education System; 3) resource Re- Graduates; Questions About Higher Level Man- quirements for a Universal 2-Year College Pro- power; The Education of Higher Level Man- gram; 4) resource Requirements for Compen- power; The Work, Demand Skills, and Influence satory Primary and Secondary School Program; of Higher Level Manpower; The Match Between 5) equality of Opportunity; 6) student Demand Job Demands and Trained Competence; What for Higher Education; 7) the Final Demand on a University Education Means to Employees the Education Sector; 8) the Technology of U.S. and Employers; The Changing Composition of Higher Education; 9) the Technology of Specific Higher Level Manpower; How Higher Level Higher Education Institutions; 10) capacity In- Manpower is recruited; Some Implications. vestment by Higher Education Institutions; 11) admittance Behavior of Private Higher Edu- NORTH, WALTER M. cation Institutions." Institutional Pricing and Student Aid Needs ROGERS, EDWARD DE LANCEY Knox College, Galesburg, Ill.61401; College Entrance Examination Board; 1967. A System of Program Accounting for Development of a "model for institutional Junior Colleges in California study of pricing potential.. . with the aim of University of California, Berkeley, Calif. 94720; establishing a basis for anticipating the effect Personal; January 1966January 1968. of fee increases on a college's market and on student aid needs." A development and testing of a "costing model" for use in the public community colleges PAN AMERICAN UNION in California, by means of interviews with 30 personsfinance experts in one junior college Survey of University Planning and in the San Francisco Bay Area, and a panel of Financing in Latin America chief administrators and business managers in a Department of Educational Affairs, Pan American sample of junior colleges in Californiaplus the Union, 1735 I Street, N.W., Washington, D.C.; fiscal data of one junior college. "The program Pan American Union; "Not yet underway " cuts were chosen so that differential costs might A descriptive survey "to determine the current be obtained: by transfer program and by ter- state of university planning and financing in minal program, by regular day class and by Latin America and to reveal ways in which these adult class, by graded and by ungraded classes, activitiescan be strengthened."Preliminary and by curricular areas ... (toward) acceptable questionnaires have been sent; data were gath- measures of educational costing." ered on administrative organization, etc. SCALES, ELDRIDGE E. PETTENGILL, ROBERT B. Educational and General Expenditures of 127 State Support of Public Higher Education Public and Private Two-Year Colleges inthe Graduate School, State Unhersity of New York, South Albany, N.Y. 12201; Institutional; Completion date-1967. Southern Association of Colleges and Schools, 795 Peachtree Street, N.E., Atlanta, Ga. 30308; Concluding "a statistical and analytical study Southern Association of Colleges and Schools; of comparative state appropriations for the cur- October 1967May 1968. rent operating expenses of institutions of public higher education." A comparative study of 127 Southern insti- tutions on a standard form of Southern Asso- RADNER, ROY ciationof Colleges and Schools from each Econometric Models of Higher Education institution, "to determine the patterns of ex- penditures for educational and general purposes Department of Economics, University of Califor- with the aims of providing junior college ad- nia, Berkeley, Calif.; Carnegie Commission on ministrators with comparative data."

173 The Economicsof Higher Education SCHLEIFER, ERNST G. (Dissertation) An economic analysis of a contingent repay- Comparative Budgets of West Berlin ment loan program for students in higher edu- Universities cation based on the "Educational Opportunity Bank" proposed by the Panel on Educational Institute for Education Research: Max Planck Innovation. Computation was performed on Gesellschaft, Berlin; Personal; January 1966Massachusetts Institute of Technology's IBM April 1968. 360. An educational Opportunity Bank could be Comparative case studies of the budgets of authorized to borrow money at government rates the Free University of Berlin and the Technical and to lend money to postsecondary students, University of Berlin with the use of informal regardless of the student's resources. "In ex- interviews with the administrative managers of change for the loan, a borrower would pledge a both universities and "proposals for improving given percentage of his annual gross income for the administration and the expenditure of the a fixed number of years after graduation." For funds (mainly state)." low rates of interest, such a bank could be self- sustaining. SEAMAN, DON F. (Dissertation) SIEGEL, BARRY N. Attitudes Toward Education by Participants and Non-Participants Costing Students in Higher Education Office of Continuing Education, Florida Board of Center for Advanced Study of Educational Ad- Regents, University System of Florida,Talla- ministration, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oreg. hassee, Fla.; Personal; March 1967June 1968 97403; Institutional; October 1966June 1969. An exploratory study usingthe Semantic A descriptive case study using registration and Differential Technique and the Leisure Activity budget data from the University of Oregon "to Survey (Litchfield) with 100 employees of the develop an instructional cost matrix classified Florida Power Corporation, "1) to determine by student major and level and by deputment whether a relationship exists between a person's and course, in order to provide instructional attitude toward education and the amount of his cost information of greater value than that cur- participationin educationalactivities,2)to rently available. determine the usefulness of the Semantic Differ- ential Technique in determining attitudes toward SOUTHWICK, LAWRENCE, JR., AND education, 3) exploratory study in developing a WALTER HOBBS questionnaire which will indicate the attitude of Direct Costs of Education Related to a person toward participatingin on-the-job Professorial Ranks training, or other types of continuing edu- Graduate School, State University of New York, cation." Buffalo, N.Y. 14214; Institutional; 1968. SEVERANCE, MALCOLM F. A study of the direct costs of education "as determined by faculty costs and the relation to Application of Program Budgeting to an Under- departmental structure of these costs." The graduate College at the University of Vermont researchers "will examine the effects of different University of Vermont, Burlington,Vt. 05401; mixes of professorial ranks on costs as well as Institutional; June 1967August 1968 the per student direct costs by size of class." A pilot study using currently existing data together with interviews with key personnal of STEWART, CLIFFORD T., AND the University of Vermont "to investigate the JOHN W. HARTLEY problems and benefits of applying the principles Financial Aspects of Interinstitutional of program budgeting to undergraduate and Cooperation: Unit Costs in Cluster and graduate education, to determine the feasibility Non-Cluster Colleges and possible benefits of existing the application The Claremont Colleges, Claremont, C'alif. 91711; to various administrative ... activities of the university " ESSO Education Foundation; October 1966 November 1967. SHELL, KARL An exploratory comparative study of 18 pri- vate undergraduate colleges throughout the U.S. Contingent Repayment Loan Programs for which are similar to individual members of the Higher Education Claremont Colleges, to determine what differ- The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, ences exist, if any, in the cost of operation of Philadelphia, Pa.; Sloan Foundation & Carnegie certain centralfacilitiesin a cluster college, Commission on the Future of Higher Education; versus the cost of operation of comparable facili- Completion dateSeptember 1969. ties and functions in separate, independent col-

174 Higher Educationin the Market Place leges. Examines the economics of certain aspects Depth interviews with engineering managers of cluster operation to determine whether there and other executives in 40 organizations; pro- are cost savings, increased or better services, or vided information for appraising and evaluating different accomplishments possible under either the "programs instituted by certain industrial system. firms for equipping obsolescent scientific and engineering personnel with new skills and to STOKES, MARSDEN B., HIRSCH!, L. E., identify the process of scientific and engineering AND R. JAY skill obsolescence in typical occupations and in- dustries, and to develop pilot techniques for Junior Colleges in Arizona assessing the size and nature of the problem." Bureau of Educational Research, University of "Several types of situations, especially Research, Arizona, Tucson, Ariz. 85721; State of Ariz Dna; Development, and Dissemination personnel were Summer 1967June 1968. singled out as especially troublesome." Special need for "divising and conducting effective up- A descriptive field survey, using published re- dating education programs foralllevels of ports and administrative office data on six junior professional-technical personnel." colleges in addition to field notes "to describe the current status of Arizona junior colleges and ZYMELMAN, MANUEL to relate it to the projected needs..." for the State Board of Directors for Junior Colleges. Integration of Economic and Educational Planning in Chile VON RUNDSTEDT, M. Center for Studies in Education and Develop- International Comparison of Financial Aid to ment, Harvard University, 38 Kirkland Street, Students in Higher Education Cambridge, Mass. 02138; Institutional; Septem- ber 1967September 1969. Institute for Education Research: Max Planck Gesellschaft,Berlin,Germany;Institutional; Using a simulation technique this is an effort Spring 1966December !968. to develop "a comprehensive planning model" for the Ministry of Education and the University A comparative survey, with "description and of Chile "to develop policies for expansion of comparison of measures influencing the amount universities compatible with economic develop- of costs of higher education to be borne byment plans" for Chile. students," toward making proposals for im- proving aid to students in the Federal Republic of Germany. Does not state which countries to be surveyed, but author has published previous studies pertaining to the same subject in France 1966-1967 RESEARCH and Belgium. SCHLEKAT, GEORGE WALTON, JOEL P. (Dissertation) "The Distribution of Federal Financial Aid Methods Utilized by State Boards of Higher Funds to American Colleges and Universities." EducationtoDistributeCurrentOperating Research in Education, October 1967, (10), 12. Expenditures... A study examining the distribution and repay- Institutional Research, University of Mississippi, ment of funds provided to college students from University, Miss. 38677; Personal; three federally supported programs. Analyzes Fall 1967. records of the loans and awards distributed by American colleges and universities from funds An analytical study of documents that stateprovided by National Defense student loans, boards of higher education use in distributing college work-study grants, and educational op- funds, including "all State Boards. .. thatportunity grants, according to institutional and govern more than one institution." Aims to individual recipient characteristics. "analyze all the methods used to distribute funds and then to arrive at a formula for distribution SWANSON, JOHN E., ARDEN, WESLEY, of current operating funds." AND HOMER E. HILL WARNER, AARON W. Financial Analysis of Current Operations of Col- leges and Universities. Cooperative Research Obsolescence and Updating of Engineers and Project No. 1853, Institute of Public Adminis- Scientists Skills tration, Ann Arbor,Mich.,Universityof Seminar on Technology, Columbia University; Michigan, 1966. U.S. Labor Department; Completion date- A report of a recent attempt to provide a 1967. theoretical basis for a systematic approach to 175The Economics of Higher Education ii

financial operations in higher education. Cost Education and in Industry." Research in Educa- analysis procedures are based upon the examina- tion, October 1967, (10), p. 20. tion of the total financial liattern of a post- An investigation of the hypothesis that the secondary institution. Presents a single model effectiveness of standard costing in planning and for analyzing institutional costs. controlling overhead costs can be increased through the use of probability theory and asso- VINSON, R. B. ciated statisticai techniques. Uses simulation technique as the research method, developing an "The Use of Probability Theory as a Basis for accounting model which would be validated by Planning and Controlling Overhead Costs in four cases of data.

FACILITIESspace utilization studies, etc.

CURRENT RESEARCH BONSER, CHARLES Indiana Higher Education Facilities Survey ALLEN, E. B., AND C. H. DANIEL Bureau of Business Research, Indiana Univer- Physical Facilities Requirements of sity, Bloomington, Md.; U.S. Office of Education Higher Education Institutions & State of Indiana; 1967-1969. Business Office, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, A two-phase project consisting of an inven- Troy, N.Y. 12181; National Science Foundation; tory of facilities, staff, and students at Indiana , 1966June 1968. higher education institutions over the past 10 years (completed spring 1968), and projections An exploratory study, using systems analysis and recommendations toward the year 1985. Will and simulation, to build a model for identifying include data from at ieast 39 institutions of and measuring variables affecting use and de- higher education, public and private. Includes velopment of physical facilities. Researchers ex- sections on student enrollments, class organiza- pect to develop methods for higher education tion, survey of finances (review of all requests, institutions to estimate more accurately futureetc., data from government filesM. M. Cham- requirements according to educational goals and bers), F.T.E. faculty and staff by department and desired levels of achievement. with salary data (by R. Holmstead). Phase II, forecasting,will include sections on: facility AMUNDSEN, RICHARD, AND needs up to 1985 based on mathematical enroll- JAMES MANDEL ment projections (c/o J. Blakesley, Purdue Uni- Theoretical Space Utilization Study versity); long-run program demand by type of institution; regional supply and demand (in- OperationsAnalysisDivision,Administrative cludes the question of junior college develop- Data Processing, University of Illinois, Cham- ment); cost study; projected revenues for public paign, Ili. 61820; Institutional; Spring 1968and privatehigher education (with M. M. Fall 1968. Chambers); discussion of philosophical issues, A study to determine theoretical upper limits tuition questions, out of state students. of space utilization relative to various combina- tions of assumed scheduling conditions. Sched- DONATELLI, BENJAMIN, AND uling is based upon actual section enrollments, JAMES W. MORRISON time table listings, and course-facility data. Survey of Higher Education Facilities in New Hampshire ANDERSON, ARNOLD, AND Educational Research and Service Corporation, MARY JEAN BOWMAN 170 South River Road, Bedford, N.H. 93102; New Hampshire Higher Education & Facilities Spatial Aspects of Higher Education Commission; September 1967June 1968. University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill. 60637; Com- A descriptive survey of all 34 higher education pletion dateJuly 1969. facilities of New Hampshire. Interim report An examination of available data to assess attached. the spatial aspects of higher education as related to equality of opportunity, and to the future HARING, R. C., AND V. F. FISHER location of higher education facilities, not only Higher Education Facilities Planning Project, in rural areas but also in the urban areas. University of Alaska

176Higher Education in the Market Place

11 11:

Institute of Social, Economic and Government An exploratory study of the ecology of study Research, College, Alaska 99701; Ford Founda- areas, concerned with "the kind of physical tion & Institutional; 1965Spring 1968. environment that facilitates concentration and A descriptive survey and inventory of current study," using systematic observations of students space and facilities for post high school train- in study spaces on one university campus. Empty current interest and demand for particular room equals zero density, etc. Observations will types of post high school training including be supplemented by interviewing and question- standard university-related, technical-vocational, naires, later by experimental studies in which and other programs, enrollment projections, and students and furniture are variously distributed. demographic data, "to develop a program ofMay contribute to small group theory and to design of study areas. comprehensive facilities planning...for insti- tutions of higher education in Alaska for the next ten years." WHEELER, JOHN T. (Sponsor), AND CRANDALL, ROBERT H. (Dissertation) HAVILAND, DAVID S. Cost Benefit Analysis in University: Planning and Designing Facilities for Educational Student Housing Technology: A Resource Document GraduateSchool of Business,Universityof Center for Architectural Research, Rensselaer California,Berkeley,Calif.94720; Personal; Polytechnic Institute, Troy, N.Y. 12181; Ameri- August 1966June 1968. can Institute of Architects; 1967-1968. An exploratory development of a "formal A project to develop "An annotated resource mathematical model of the housing problem," document covering the most important sources and then using information on four campuses of of information and guidance in the program- three universities in California to apply the ming, planning, evaluation, design and educa- techniques of formal, economic analysis to long- tional utilization of communication technology range planning for the housing of students. Aims to "help identify and interrelate those forces and instructional media. .. . structured and cross-referenced to be of specific aid to the acting on housing well in advance of their be- coming critical, and to propose some best solu- architect ...in the development of a building project." tion of the set of possible solutions." Includes interviews with business officers, dean of stu- dents staff, and housing staff at the four cam- JONES, JERRY puses. Higher Education Facilities Study West Virginia Commission on Higher Education, 307 DuffyStreet,Charleston,W.Va.;State of West Virginia; June 1967June 1970. 1966-1967 RESEARCH A three-year study "covering facilities initially, but which will cover staff and staffing programs KUNKEL, PAUL ERNEST later." "Evaluative Criteria for College Instructional Facilities." Dissertation Abstracts A, 27(2), 354 NELSON, EDWARD W. 355. University Microfilms, Inc., Ann Arbor, Higher Education Facilities Survey, Montana Mich., 1966. MontanaUniversitySystem,StateCapitol, A study to gather and organize definitive Helena, Mont.; State of Montana; 1967. criteria suggested for the rating of existing in- structional facilities at the college level. Includes A study preparing plans for higher education an analysis of supporting data which must be in Montana under The Higher Education Facili- available for a plant evaluation project (for ties Act of 1963. Includes State Plan for Title I example, enrollment analyses, plant inventories, of the Higher Education Facilities Act. Publica- schedules and calendars, and utilization studies). tionsinclude:FacilitiesInventoryManual, Through a study of related literature to extract "Long-RangeConstruction Program"Univer- those criteria or standards which were spelled sities and Colleges of Montana. out in specific terms and a tour of colleges and universities of the Pacific Northwest and inter- SOMMER, ROBERT views with administrative officials and others, ij researchers discovered both within and between University Physical Environments to institutions wide variations of purposes, needs Facilitate Study and facilities exist. Consequently it should not University of California, Davis,Calif. 95616; be expected that any single set of standards U.S. Office of Education; June 1966May 1968. would be applicable. The instructional environ-

177 Facilities 6-

ment, regardless of the activity, is considered in sentatives of the Congressional Sub-Committee relation to its spatial, visual, acoustical, and that considered the Act, and personal interviews comfortfactors.Standardsforspecialized with officials from fourteen different colleges and facilities need to be carefully related to the local universities. Institutions granted funds under situation. Titles I and II of the Act were identified byname, types of facilities constructed, amounts received, total development cost of projects, and total ROWE, HAROLD GARRIS, JR. square footage of certain projects, The following "The Expansion of Facilitiqs for Higher Educa- conclusions were arrived at. Concluded that the tion as a Result of the Higher Education Facili- Act is less significant in terms of its percentage ties Act of 1963." Dissertation Abstracts A, of monetary contribution to the overall long- 27(10), 3277. University Microfilms, Inc., Ann range building programs of large institutions Arbor, Mich., 1967. than it is to smaller institutions. The Act is more significant in terms of immediate and long range A study to determine the extent to which the realization of building needs toAall institutions Higher Education Facilities Act of 1963 con- and church supported institutions than it is to tributed to the expansion of higher education larger, publicly supported institutions. The in- facilities during 1965, the first year of its opera- tended benefits of the Act may be cancelled out tion. Data were gathered through the U.S. Office for state supported institutions if state legisla- of Education, personal interviews with repre- tures rely on it to displace state appropriations.

178 Higher Education in the Market Place Chapter IX INVENTORY PROCEDURE

INTRODUCTION The initial inquiry to researchers wes in the form of a letter sent to alist of approxi- mately 2300 persons, utilizing the Center's mailing lists as well as thosefor the American Educational Research Association and the Association forInstitutional Research, plus addresses of professors of higher education, officers fornational and regional associations or agencies, and other professional and governmental groups. The letter of inquiry took six separate forms (see pages180-85), two of which called for the enclosure of a questionnaire speciallydesigned for the inventory (see pages 186-88). The other four variations of the letter of inquiry went toindividuals who were thought to be sources of information about persons doingresearch on higher education. Thus one contact led to another. Questionnairesdistributed totalled 1,312. Approxi- mately 480 questionnaires were returned, with many researcherspreferring to respond to the inquiry by using materialsalready prepared, through correspondence, or in some format other than the onedictated by the questionnaire. At the Center, a taxonomy was devised for usein cataloging research reports (see pages 189-91) and a Royal-McBeequick retrieval card was printed to conform to the categories of the ta2..onomy (see pages 191-92).Materials submitted by respondents abstracts, interim reports, questionnaires, statisticaldatawere noted on the inventory catalog card. The advisory committee for the inventory wascomposed of persons from the Carnegie Commission and the CenterPatriciaCross, Algo Henderson, Leland Medsker, James G. Faltridge, Virginia Smithand thepersonnel working most directly with the inventoryDale Heckman, Lynn Horn,Warren Martin, and Sandy Pemberton. This committee met five times during 1967-68. Travel in the interests of the inventory included a trip toseveral Mid-Western universities by Mr. Heckman and trips to Washington,D.C., and by Mr. Martin. In March 1968 research project cards werecompiled by subject categories, and this volumethe Interit,n Abstracts Reportwas presented tothe Carnegie Commission in early April. It has been used since that time by personsassociated with the Com- mission and the Center.

LETTERS OF INQUIRY The letter marked No. 1 was a general letter ofinquiry used for the Inventory. Letter No. 2 went to individuals likely to haveinformation about research on higher education, or about researchers, without being themselvesinvolved in research projects. Foundation personnel received form No. 3 of the letterof inquiry, while letter No. 4 went to professors and also served as ashort form of the general format. Letter No. 5 was sent to business andindustry contacts, and the interest in graduate studentsdoing research on higher education prompted the use ofletter No. 6.

179Letters of Inquiry UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY

I1003 BEIKELEY DAVIS,i1synqz LOS ANGELES RIVERSIDE SAN DIEGO SAN FRANCISCO V MIS .Z SANTA 114.11BARA SANTA CRUZ I Ir 10- 201ILIZQ AIMMWMNOMOUVW

CENTER FOR RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT BERKELEY, CALIFORNIA 94720 A IN HIGHER EDUCATION

LETTER NO. 1

Those of us involved in research on higher education sense the need for a greater sharing of information about research projects. The United States Office of Education and a few other agencies collect information on completed work--Educational Research Information Center, for example, is helpful--but we know too little about what is being done currently.

Recognizing this need, the Carnegie Commission on the Future of Higher Educa- tion, directed by Clark Kerr, has asked the Center for Research and Development in Higher Education, University of California, Berkeley, to develop ELlayentorx of research in progress on higher education. It is in this connection that we need your help.

We enclose a form on which we should like for you to tell us about your research for which no final report is yet available. We will also welcome abstracts, proposal statements, data-gathering instruments, interim reports and so on.

The categories of concern for this inventory are broad: the role of individuals, institutions, agencies, and governments in higher education, as well as their interrelationships; the demands and resources for higher education; efficiency in the use of resources; functions, structures, and governance within institutions; and the impact of technology on higher education. We do have a special interest in profiles of types of institutions and in projects dealing with student and faculty reactions to their environment, but, as a matter of fact, you are invited to report projects of almost auy type and in any area of postsecondary education.

As you well, understand, this undertaking has time value so your prompt response will be most helpful to us and will insure an early inventory.

Sincerely,

Leland L. Medsker Director LLM:lh Encl.

180 Inventory Procedure UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY

BERKELEY DAVIS IRVINE LAiS ANGELES RIVERSIDE SAN DIEGO SAN rnAntsco SANTA BARBARA SANTA C1WZ

AVIMUMWPOWOMWA.,*

CENTERFOR RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT BERKELEY,CALIFORNIA 94720 IN HIGHER EDUCATION

LETTER NO. 2

Your experience in higher education, and particularly your knowledge of research activity, would be of great value now to those of us involved in compiling an inventory of current research on higher education--a project of the Carnegie Commission on the Future of Higher Education and the Center for Research and Development in Higher Education, University of California, Berkeley.

Would you please send us the names cf' persons of your acquaintance, inor out of the field of education, who are now at work in research projects in higher education for which no final report is yet available?If you will alert us to them and their whereabouts, we will proceed to correspond with them directly.

We are, of course, already in contact with the major research centers, foundations, associations, and some university departments. It is the researcher not likely to be identified with these focal points of research who is our concern in th:s request.

Thank you for your attention to our need.

Sincezely,

Leland L. Medsker Director

LLM:lh

181Letters of Inquiry 1)

UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY

SANTA BARBARA SANTA CRUZ BERKELEY DAVIS IRVINE LOS ANGELES RIVERSIDESAN DIEGO SAN FRANCISCO yis J Z

ATIMANUMW0eNUWAB

BERZELEY, CALIFORNIA94720 4 CENTER FOR RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IN HIGHER EDUCATION

LETTER NO. 3

Those of us involved in research on highereducation sense the need for a greater sharing of information aboutresearch projects. The United States Office of Education and a few otheragencies collect information on completed workEducational Research InformationCenter, for example, is helpfulbut know too little about what is beingdone currently.

Recognizing this need, the Carnegie Commission onthe Future of Higher Education, directed by Clark Kerr, has asked theCenter for Research and Development in Higher Education, University of California,Berkeley, to develop an inventory education. It is in this connection that we --of research in progress on higher need your help.

Your strategic position within theFoundation, and the Foundation's activities in higher education, give us reasonto believe that you may be able to alert us to research projects that areunderway on higher education or to researchers whose work in the past has been such asto justify contacting them now.

The categories of concern for thisinventory are broad: the role of individuals, institutions, agencies, and governments inhigher education, as well as their interrelationships; the demands and resourcesfor higher education; efficiency in the use of resources; functions,structures, and governance within institutions; and the impact of technology on highereducation. We do have a special interest in profiles of types of institutionsand in projects dealing with student and faculty reactions to their environment,but, as a matter of fact, information about projects of almost any type and in any areaof postsecondary education are welcome.

Because this undertaking has time value, weshall be glad to hear from you or a representative of the Foundation as soon aspossible.

Sincerely,

Leland L. Medsker DirectOr

LLM: lh

182 InventoryProcedure UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY

BERKELEY DAVIS IRVINE LOS ANGELES RIVERSIDE SAN DIEGO SAN FRANCISCO SANTA BARBARA SANTA CRUZ

VOW, II PI WO CYWa4

CENTER FOR RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT BERKELEY, CALIFORNIA94720 IN HIGHER EDUCATION

LETTER NO. L.

Your experience in higher education, and particularly your knowledge of research activity, would be of great value now to those of us involved in compiling an inventory of current research on higher education--a project of the Carnegie Commission on the Future of Higher Education and the Center for Research and Development in Higher Education, University of California, Berkeley. Therefore we are requesting help of two kinds.

First, please tell us about your own current research (i.e. for which no final report is available). We endlose a form for your convenience. We are also interested in abstracts, interim reports, data-gathering instruments, and so on. The categories of concern for this inventory on higher education are broad, and you are invited to report projects of almost any type and in any area of postsecondary education.

Also, would you please send us the names of persons who are now at work on research related to higher education. We are of course in contact with the major research centers, foundations, associations, add some university departments. It is the researcher not likely to be identified with these focal points of research who is our concern in this request.

Thank you for your attention to these matters.

Sincerely,

Leland L. Nedsker Director

LLM:lh Encl.

183 Letters of Inquiry UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY

BERKELEY DAVIS IRVINE LOS ANGELES BIVESSIDE SAN DIECO SAN FRANCISCO SANTA BARBARA SANTA CRUZ

A tiftrI I OW NAM OA CAINAQ

CENTER FOR RESEARCHAND DEVELOPMENT BERKELEY, CALIFORN/A94720 IN HIGHER EDUCATION

LETTER NO. 5

Those of us involved in research on higher education sense the need for a greater sharing of information about current research projects. Therefore, the Carnegie Commission on the Future of Higher Education, directed by Clark Kerr, has asked the Center for Research and Develop- ment in HigLer Education, University of California, Berkeley, to develop an inventory of research in progress on higher education.

Cognizant as we are of the increasing role that business and industry are playing in research related to higher education, as well as in the development and dissemination of information, we wonder whether you have a research project in the areas of our interests that you would be will- ing to report or, if not, whether there are other persons whose names and addresses you could give us?

The categories of concern for this inventory are broad and include: the role of individuals, companies and industries in higher education, (e.g., changing patterns of corporate contributions, anticipated new needs in manpower training, etc.); new models of institutions of higher education; new technology and its utilization in higher education.

Because this undertaking has time value, we shall be glad to hear from you or a representative of your office as soon as possible.

Sincerely,

Leland L. Medsker Director

LLM: lh

184InventoryProcedure UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY

BERKELEY DAVIS IRVINE LOS ANGELES RIVERSIDE SAN DIEGO SAN FRANCISCO SANTA BARBARA SANTA CRUZ

ATANINUNMeliOCOMCA

CENTER FOR RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT BERKELEY, CALIFORNIA94720 IN HIGHER EDUCATION

LETTER NO. 6

It has been difficult for those of us involved in the Inventory of Research on Higher Education, a project sponsored jointly by the Carnegie Commission on the Future of Higher Education and this Center, to determine whether we should give consideration to re- search on higher education that is being done in connection with dissertation topics.

As a way of developing some sense of awareness for the type and quality of work being done by graduate students, we decided to contact a select group of professors for the purpose of getting from them the names and addresses of faculty colleagues and/or students who are active in this field.

Would you, therefore, send to me the names of faculty and students at your institution or elsewhere that you have reason to think are working in dissertation projects involving current research on higher education? We have not ventured a definition of "research", but we have decided that for the purposes of this inventory "current" research will be that for which no final report is yet available.

Thank'you for your attention to my request.

Sincerely,

Warren Bryan Martin, Chairman Inventory of Research on Higher Education

WBM:lh

185Letters of Inquiry INVENTORY QUESTIONNAIRE The total number of questionnaires distributed was 1,312. Those returned totalled approximately 480. One follow-up contact was made by use of an air mail card (see sample).

UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY

BERKELEY DAVIS IRVINE LOS ANGELES RIVERSIDE SAN DIEGO SAN FRANCISCO SANTA BARBARA SANTA CRUZ

£114101.10II1WWOC11111104

CENTER FOR RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT BERKELEY, CALIFORNIA 94720 IN HIGHER EDUCATION

INVENTORY OF RESEARCH ON HIGHER EDUCATION

In order to compile an inventory of specific current research on higher education for the Carnegie Commission on the Future of Higher Education and the Center for Research and Development in Higher Education, University of California, Berkeley, we need your cooperation. Will you inform us of your present research by supplying answers in the following areas?

We would appreciate separate reports for each project. Let us know if you need more forms, or, alternately, do not hesitate to duplicate this question- naire.

NAME(S) OF PRINCIPAL RESEARCHER(S)

TITLE(S)

ADDRESS

I RESEARCH PROJECT TITLE

II PURPOSE(S) OF THE PROJECT

A. Formal aim(s):

186 Inventory Procedure Page 2.

(Purpose(s) of the Project, continued)

B. Anticipated significance for higher education:

III PROJECT DESIGN

A. Methodology (check one ormore):

Exploratory Case Field Descriptive Experimental Comparative Simulation Testing Hypothesis Historical Other

B. Sources of data:

Institution, campus, population or other sources:

Number of subjects:

C. What instruments (questionnaires, interviews, etc.) are being used?

(If instruments are of local design, we would be pleased to receive copies.)

187 Inventory Questionnaire

M22, Page 3.

(Project Design, continued)

D. Schedule:

Commenced 5 19 ;

Scheduled for completion 5 19

E. Approximate cost of total project:

F. Sources of funding:

IV RELATED RESEARCH

Please list research directly related to your project, whether already published or now 'n progress, your own or the work of others.

V COMNENTS

P1Pace mail questionnaires and other materials to address below.

Warren Bryan Martin, Chairman Inventory of Research on Higher Education Center for Research and Development in Higher Education 1947 Center Street Berkeley, California 94720

Thank you for your cooperation.

188Inventory Procedure

"+" AIR MAIL FOLLOW-UP CARD

Dear Colleague:

Are you going to have anything to report for the inventory of current research on higher education? If so, we would appreciate hearing from you soon. Additional questionnaires are available at your request.

Sincerely,

Warren Bryan Martin, Chairman Inventory of Research on Higher Education

TAXONOMY The Inventory taxonomy was intended to provide a way to catalog information supplied by researchers and, at the same time, to group research projects according to certain themes and issues that were of special interest to the Carnegie Commission and the Center. As the categories of this report show, the actual compilation of research did not conform exactly to the subsections of the taxonomy, yet, the taxonomy asa means of general classification proved serviceable.

1.00Document Received 2.00 Typeof Institution(locus of research) 1.1.0letter 2.1.0form(Institutional) 2.1.1 universityL14 university* 1.1.1 dead 2.1.2 college (state, teachers)L15 college-S 1.1.2 delayed response (questionnaire, etc.) 2.1.3 college (1.a.&s.)L16 college-Ch 1.1.3 requires response 21.4 jr. college (community)L17 jr. col- 1.1.4 contains referral data (names, etc.) lege 1.2.0 /HREquestionnaire 2.1.5 graduate schoolL18 grad. school 1.3.0research report(interim) 2.1.6 professional schoolL19 prof. school 1.4.0printed matter(monograph, books) 2.1.7 experimentalL20 experimental 1.5.0charts, indexes, profiles 2.1.8 technicalL21 technical 1.6.0other 2.1.9 otherL22 other

!! *All Abbreviations in bold. 189 ? Taxonomy

--twel* 2.2.0 sponsorship 3.3.0 administrators 2.2.1 publicB1 public 3.3.1 policy admin. (presidents, chancellors) 2.2.2 private-secularB2 pvt-secular RO policy admin. 2.2.3 private-church rel.B3 pvt-Ch. rel. 3.3.2 academic admin. (acad. deans, adrnis- sions, registrars)R1 acad. admin. 2.3.0 ov erseas 3.3.3 finance admin. (bursars, comptrollers) 2.3.1 Northwest hemisphere (Can., G.Brit., R2 finance admin. Mex., Europe minus USSR) B4 3.3.4 personnelservicesadmin.(health, NW hemisphere food, counsel) R3 per. svcs. adni. 2.3.2 Northeast hemisphere (Asia, USSR) 3.3.5 facilities admin. (bldgs., grounds, plan- B5 NE hemisphere ning) R4 facil. admin. 2.3.3 Southwest hemisphere (Lat. Amer. mi- 3.3.6 external aff. (p.r., extension) R5 ex- nus Mexico but including Carib- ternal aff. bean)B6 SW hemisphere 3.4.0 regents (trustees)R6 regents (tr) 2.3.4 Southeast hemisphere (Africa, Austra- 3.5.0 alumni R7 alumni lia, ) B7 SE hemi- 3.6.0 public or constituency R8 pub /constit. sphere 4.00 Research Purposes 2.4.0 combined 4.1.0 the rationale of higher education 2.4.7 consortiaB8 consortia 4.1.1 assumptions,values,goals35val 2.5.0 size goals assmp 4.1.2 philosophies of education34 phil/ 2.5.1 small (college, to 1000) B9 small educa. 2.5.2 medium (college or univ., 1000-10,000) 4.1.3 acad. freedom & tenure33 acad B10 medium freedom 2.5.3 large (univer., 10,000 plus)1111 large 4.2.0 functions of higher educah'un 2.5.4 multi-campus B12 multi-campus 4.2.1 general education32 gen education 2.6.0 agency, commission, or association 4.2.2 teaching31 teaching 2.6.1 federal agency B13 fed. agency 4.2.3 research30 research 2.6.2 state agency B14 sta. agency 4.2.4 public service29 pub. service 2.6.3 local agency B15 loc. agency 42.5 creative arts28 creative arts 2.6.4 regional agency B16 reg. agency 4.2.6 social change27 social change 4.2.7 impact onindividuals 2.6.5 accrediting agencyB17 accr. agency 26 impact/ indiv. 2.6.6 professionalassociationB18prof. assn. 4.2.8 career, voc'l25 career, voc'l 24 other 2.6.7 foundation B19 foundation 4.2.9 other 4.3.0 economics of higher education 3.00 Organizational Population (within the pro- ject) 4.3.1 tuition, fees23 tuition, fees 4.3.2 endowments22 endowments 3.1.0 students 4.3.3 federal aid (incl. tax exemptions)21 3.1.1 undergraduate B20 undergrad. federal aid 3.1.2 graduate B21 graduate 4.3.4 state, local govt. aid20 sta /loc govt 3.1.3 professionalB22 professional 4.3.5 foundation, bus./indust.19 founda- 3.1.4 male B23 male tion 3.1.5 female B24 female 4.3.6 benefactors, bequests, etc.18 bene- 3.1.6 foreignB25 foreign factors 3.1.7 minorityB26 minority 4.3.7 auxiliary services & sales17 aux svc/ 3.1.8 underprivilegedB27 underprivileged sales 3.1.9 other B28 other 4.3.8 consult'v fees, contractresearch16 consult. fees 3.2.0 faculty 4.3.9 scholarships, grants, fellowships, work- 3.2.1 chairmen (dept.)B29 chairmen study15 scholarships 3.2.2 librariansB30 librarians 4.4.0 organization and governance 3.2.3 academic senate B31 acad senate 4.4.1 external factorsstate, federal, courts, 3.2.4 committee B32 committee etc.14 ext /factors 3.2.5 teaching, researchassistantsB33 4.4.2 physical considerationssize and lo- tchg/res asst. cation of campus13 pbys consider. 3.2.6 ladder faculty B34 ladder facul. 4.4.3 students12 students 3.2.7 fellows, vis. lecturersB35 fellows v 11 4.4.4 faculty11 faculty 3.2.8 other B36 other 4.4.5 administration10 adminis.

190Inventory Procedure 4.4.6 regents9 regents 4.6.6 conflict, dissent R13 confl /dissent 4.4.7 alumni8 alumni 4.6.7 career patternsR12 career patrn. 4.4.8 coordination and statewide planning 4.6.8 statusR11 status 7 coord/plan 4.6.9 motivation,incentive R10 motiv./ 4.4.9 role of technologynature, impact, incent cost, etc.6 technology 5.00 Miscellaneous 4.5.0 innovation and experimentation 5.1.0 research methodology 4.5.1 curriculumpurposes and methods 5 cur(pur /meth.) 5.1.1 exploratory 4.5.2 curriculumstruct. & organization 5.1.2 case 4 cur(str /org.) 5.1.3 field 4.5.3 internal governance3 internal/goy 5.1.4 descriptive 4.5.4 facilities2 facilities 5.1.5 experimental 4.5.5 finance1 finance 5.1.6 comparative 4.5.6 student services0 student serv. 5.1.7 simulation 4.5.7 total learning environment R21 lrgn / 5.1.8 testing hypothesis environ. 5.1.9 historical 4.5.8 evaluation, measurement R20 eval., 5.2.0 research outreach msrm. 4.5.9 other R19 other 5.2.1 development program L6 dev. pro- gram 4.6.0 operational processes 5.2.2 dissemination L7 dissemination 4.6.1 authority, power, influence R18 au- 5.3.0 sources of funding (for project) thority 4.6.2 decision making R17 dedsion mak. 5.3.1 federal L8 federal 4.6.3 leadershipR16 leadership 5.3.2 stateL9 state 4.6.4 centralization-decentralization R15 5.3.3 local (institutional)L10 local/instit. cntrl /decntrl 5.3.4 foundationL11 foundation 4.6.5 diversity-specializationR14divers/ 5.3.5 private benefactorL12 pvt benefactor spclz. 5.3.6 other L13 other

RETRIEVAL CARD The abbreviations on the retrieval card are those used to represent the categories and subdivisions of the Inventory taxonomy. Certain of these retrieval card designations have been used as the basis for the topical index of this report.

191 Retrieval Card 0 l le Iie 117 -i 7 4 32 31 I ;.!, 2 5 1 2.1 2 1 1 ,.!221 1 r r 17 I It. 1 Ir., 4 13 le 11 1 4 .14 "1

researchers fund source

proj. title anat. Ix) respona. instn. dates

r',L I1968 L18 rad. school 313 ... fed. agency 830librarians 34 hil/educa. 17aux s,re aa1e 7 1969 0 1 -! .1,19prof. nchept 1314 .ta._alency 331 student arva acod aenate_ 33__ aced freedom 16consult. fees 1121 1,70 _experimental 11.V,, lo-nzerv.y 932 ...... Irng!environ '...,:., ' L coorai t tee 32Ren education 15 scholarahips _RN _1_97_1_ 1.71 1) ,reg. sger,ov 333 evaljio-prie. ' L tchierea snot 31 teaching 1'4 1972-A. beyond B1 41- r. agy,..,,y_ extltactors 111,0 iither_ 834'ail* r Ia.,: . 30renearch 13phy.. coneidcr. - -. 1t] r" 1)1 ., , .- RI7 44.71.sinv malt. : 2,, 1..eative r!, ft7Ed L Federal 816 leadership 0 ,P , 9 -',...vi ...., v. ( , 1, 2 :I irf, .1 tr, `r2 r.,er III` a"...'n'frill.::t r a t1-:n IV'. ,r O. derrrrl, "^ K T n n :,n'L:it 0,-10. fur ...t .:-. . I .

' PI, r Ff,'

,...., '121iK55 501 0 -,,,,' -71 I 13 1 Zi1.1 E 0 1 S-11 1 SE3 1 ril.1. 11 P13 1 4 il ;II ii:34 .1.1 V2144..133, ; I3 R.,153!`.1i if i' ifi!....t.l'i .C.4114.1.1 i.'F.37.*.:'Elii.? t .:I17`:-4.7i31c+.7.-c11:4-'13131,4..i7EW,113111-.e3iziaTucaTri6ls"E'e' 7 7 .....- ,--i .'-v '- -.: . ., ... 1 1 ,, 7:. t,- .-- ". :,, ''.' 1 - 7' .. : t i I i fo'i IV. EV. -1,4, 11 'Al 01* 0 /

1_, S.

Chapter X INDEX Researchers

Abrahamson, Sttnhen, 122 Balderson, Fred, 95 Bowen, Frank M., 87 Aceto, Thomas, 140 Baldwin, Lionel, 149 Bowen, W. G., 160 Adams, Alan M., 114 Banaka, William, 24 Bowers, Orville E., 63 Adams, Irwin, 82 Banovetz, James M., 131 Bowman, David L., 35 Adams, W. Sam, 169 Bardon, Jack I., 82 Bowman, M. J., 176 Adams, Walter, 3 Barger, Benjamin, 129 Boykin, William C., 47 Agor, Robert E., 23 Barker, L. J., 123 Bradley, William R., 108 Ahmed, Manzoor, 4, 47 Barrick, J. E., 138 Brager, George, 132 Albornoz, Orlando, 66 Barth, J. L., 112 Brandon, G., 126 Alexander, Lawrence T., 67 Baur, E. Jackson, 22 Braskamp, Larry A., 4, 35, 43, Alexander, R. S., 99 Beach, Leslie R., 1, 50 167 Allen, E. B., 176 Beard, Ruth M., 99, 150, 156 Brauel, P., 44 Allen, J. Stewart, 76, 166 Beggs, Don, 55, 73 Breen, Leonard Z., 152 Allen, Roger, 87 Bellagamba, Anthony, Jr., 82 Brick, Michael, 88 Allen, Ruth, 122 Benacerraf, Paul, 160 Bridges, Claude F., 36, 55 Alperovitz, Gar, 29 Bennett, Andre, 70 Brimer, Alan, 100 Altbach, Philip, 29 Bennett, Richard G., 95 Brisco, Bill, 132 Althauser, Robert P., 26 Bennett, Robert E., 44 Broadrent, F. W., 100 Alter, Chester M., 160 Bennet, Virginia D. C., 82 Brooks, T. J., 108 Amstutz, A. E., 140 Bent, Z. Kriz, 167 Brown, Donald R., 17, 59 Amundsen, Richard, 49, 137, Berdahl, Robert 0., 82 Brown, E. Richard, 146 176 Berdie, Ralph F., 1, 22, 40 Brown, Marsha D., 5 Anderson, Arnold, 176 Berengarten, Sidney, 132 Brown, Robert, 129 Anderson, D. S., 50, 149 Berenson, Bernard G., 40 Brown, Thomas 0., 44 Anderson, Donald 0., 146, 156Berg, Ivar, 152 Brown, W. G., 48 Anderson, Ernest F., 8, 95 Berger, Leslie, 1 Brown, W. Shelburne, 140 Anderson, Kenneth E., 167 Bertram, Charles, 108 Browne, R. K., 69 Andes, John 0., 140 Bevan, John M., 23, 100 Busari, Saroj, 69 Andringa, Robert C., 58 Bidwell, Charles E., 15 Buckley, H. Donald, 10 Anello, Michael, 82 Biggs, J. B., 58 Burgess, T., 83 Angrist, Shirley S., 22 Birkett, G., 110 Burleson, N. David, 133 Antes, John M., 5 Bjorkquist, D., 132 Burrichter, Arthur William, 133 Apt, Madeline, 58, 146 Blackburn, Robert T., 107 Bury, Richard L., 109 Arden, Wesley, 175 Blackwell, Thomas Edward, 80,Bushnell, Donald, 114 Arkoff, Abe, 7 144 Buswell, Guy T., 121 Armbruster, W., 167 Blasingarne, Ralph, 132 Butler, William, 13 Armer, J. Michael, 28 Blischke, William, 90 Butterfield, M., 55 Armstrong, Ross, 69 Block, Jeanne, 28 Buwalda, G., 167 Arnold, David B., 82 Bloland, Harland G., 83 Arnold, (Sister) Mary Blossom, Herbert Henry, 6 Cabrera, Y. Arturo, 29 Frederick, 22 Blum, Eva M., 28 Caffrey, John, 160, 168 Asher, E. J., Jr., 53 Blum, Richard 11., 28 Caldwell, Edward, 29, 70 Astin, Alexander W., 5, 12, 22, Blumenfield, W. S., 6 California Coordinating Coun- 28, 35, 46, 80, 144, 152 Bocock, Jean, 33 ci), 73, 83 Athanasiou, Robert B., 45 Bodenhöfer, H. J., 167 Campagna, Dennis, 13 Atkinson, Ralph C., Jr., 76 Boggs, Jan R., 119 Campbell, Larry, 35 Austin, James H., Jr.; 12 Bokenkamp, R. W., 59 Campbell, Robert, 160, 166 Avner, Uri, 7, 43, 160 Boland, Walter Reed, 83, 93, Cane, B. S., 62 Axelrod, Joseph, 99 107, 144 Canon, Harry C., 167 Axtell, John Dayton, Jr., 34 Bolick, Gerald M., 48 Carbone, Gilbert J., 36 Ayoub, Victor, 15 Bolton, Charles, 19 Carbonell, J., 113 Bolton, Roger E., 167 Cardozier, V. R., 51 Baber, Eric, 62 Bonnen, J. T., 132 Carew, Donald, 130 Bagby, Geraldine, 129 Bonser, Charles, 176 Carpenter, C. R., 123 Bagley, Clarence H., 13, 44 Borg, Walter, 123 Carpenter, Thomas E., 133 Bailey, Beryl L., 110 Borgmann, Carl, 95 Carr, R., 30 Bailey, Daniel, 140 Bornstein, Harry, 108 Carroll, John B., 100 Baird, L. L., 35 Borts, George, 150 Carter, Lamore J., 51 193 Index-Researchers Cartter, Allan M., 156 Daniel, C. H., 176 Etzkorn, K. Peter, 85 Cashin, H. John, 62 Daniels, Elizabeth A., 168 Eulau, Heinz, 162 Cashin, William E., 48 Daniere, Andre L., 169 Eurich, Alvin C., 157 Cassel, Russell N., 36, 58, 130 Danskin, David G., 24, 44 Everwijn, S. E. M., 17, 45 Casserly, Patricia, 8, 11 Darlington, Paul E., 152 Ewing, Judy E., 70 Castro, Celia L. M. De, 152 Darnell, Donald K., 109 Centra, John A., 13, 23, 62 Darnes, G. Robert, 8 Cervellini, A., 100 David, Junius A., 11 Faculty of Medicine, Univer- Cerych, Ladislav, 83 Davidson, C. S., 147 sity of Toronto, 152 Chambers, Jack A., 62 Davidson, Rudolph, 161 Farber, Seymour M., 126 Chambers, M. M., 141, 168 Davis, Elton Charles, 107, 114 Farris, George F., 141 Chase, John L., 67 Davis, L., 146 Farris, Theodore N., 71 Chase, John S., 133 Davis, 0. L., Jr., 50, 66 Fehlig, M. Borgia, 0.S.U., 95 Cheers, Arlynne Lake, 51 Davis, Robert H., 67 Fein, Rashi, 153 Cheifetz, Philip M., 109 Davis, Russell G., 126 Feldhusen, John F., 58 Chickering, A. W., 13 Dean, Burton V., 156 Feldman, Kenneth A., 25 Choudhury, A. H., 160 deColigny, William G., 60 Feldman, Susan, 113 Christie, Roberta, 129, 137 Denham, Edward Chapline, 40 Fensham, P. J., 8 Churchill, Ruth, 6, 41 Dennis, L., 142 Ferber, Robert, 162 Cirese, Sarah, 36, 37 Denny, Terry, 115 Ferrari, Michael R., 80 Clarcq, Jack Richard, 97 Deshpande, A. S., 16 Fidler, Paul P., 68 Clark, Burton R., 83 Devisse, Jean, 101 Fiedler, Fred E., 14, 68 Clark, George, 94 Dewey, Mary E., 76 Findikyan, Nurhan, 11 Clark, Kenneth E., 8, 67 Dias, J. A., 48 Finger, John A., 41, 52 Clark, Robert L., 161 Diaz, M., 33 Fink, Abel K., 124 Clark, T. R., 86 Ditri, A. E., 161 Fink, Frederick T., 135 Clear, Charles E., 6 Dixon, W. Robert, 115 Finley, Jarvis M., 134 Click, Donald W., 161 Dizney, H. F., 61 Finnie, Bruce, 15 Clossick, Marie, 8, 13 Doak, Charles, 133 Finniston, H. M., 93, 136 Cohen, Joseph, 18 Doermann, Humphrey, 161 Fiseman, Joseph, 23 Coleman, James, 40 Doi, James I., 84, 115 Fisher, V. F., 176 Coleman, M. C., 150 Dolch, George, 27 Flacks, Richard, 29 Collins, James F., 158 Donatelli, Benjamin, 176 Fleisch, Sylvia, 9, 44 Colvard, Richard, 70, 168 Donnalley, Mary Jane Metcalf,Floyd, Joanne, 14 Conger, George R., 84 46 Foote, Don Charles, 110 Cook, Joseph B., 62, 63 Douglas, Mildred, 24 Fordyce, Joseph, 68 Cooley, W. W., 6 Dowling, Leo R., 57 Fortuin, S. J., 87 Coordinating Council for Down, 0. H., 158 Foster, Luther H., 6 Higher Education, (See Dressel, Paul L., 77, 95 Francis, W. Nelson, 110 California Coordinating Driessel, A. Berkley, 70, 161 Frankie, Richard J., 77 Council.) Dubin, Robert, 67, 70, 162, 169 Franklin, Richard, 86 Cope, Edith, 100 Dubois, Philip, 101 Freedman, Mervin, 30, 44, 53 Cope, Robert G., 13, 31, 168 Ducanis, A. J., 23, 126 Freeman, H. E., 147 Copp, Laurel A., 70 Dugas, Donald, 109 French, John W., 51 Corrallo, Salvatore, 168 Dunbar, R. E., 133 French, R. J., 110 Corrigan, R. E., 123 Dungan, Ralph A., 84, 169 Friedman, Norman L., 71 Cosby, Betty, 76 Dunlop, John, 150 Friedrich, Lynette K., 33 Counelis, James S., 51 Dunn, S. S., 8, 53 Froehlich, G. J., 162 Coward, H. Roberts, 100 Dupuy, Trevor, 98 Fundis, Ronald J., 162 Cox, Lanier, 84, 168 Durstine, Richard M., 109 Cox, Robert L., 32 Duster, Troy, 84 Gaff, Jerry G., 61 Cox, Roy, 8, 51 Dyer, Robert D., 130 Gamson, Zelda, F., 30 Crandall, Robert H., 177 Garbarino, Joseph W., 169 Crane, Robert M., 84, 141 East, Marjorie, 51 Gardner, David P., 30 Creager, Joan, 146 Eberle, August W., 77, 134, 162Gatchel, Richard H., 101 Creager, John A., 5, 13, 20, 22, Eberman, Paul W., 101 Gaudreau, Ronald, 143 46 Ebert, Robert, 150 Geis, Gem ge L., 101 Crist, Janice, 130 Eckans, Richard S., 169 Gentry, E. Linnell, 74 Cronback, Lee J., 121 Eckert, Ruth, 70, 71, 157 Gephart, William, 116 Cruickshank, D. R., 100 Edling, Jack V., 110, 123 Gerson, Sam, 9, 44 Culbertson, Jack A., 76 Edwards, Reginald, 85, 115, 141Gertz, Boris, 146 Culpepper, Broward, 92 Eggertsen, Claude A., 95, 116 Gervais, Kenneth R., 134 Cumming, J. D., 129 Egner, Joan R., 29 Ghivelder, Malvina, 152 Cunningham, Darold, 6, 53 Ehart, Elizabeth L., 5 Gianini, Paul C., Jr., 68 Curti, Merle, 109 Ellis, Robert A., 14 Gibbons, Donald F., 121 Curtis, D. A., 161 Elton, Charles, 23 Giese, David L., 55 Curtis, John M., 109 Embree, Ainslie T., 134 Gilbert, James E., 124 Cuzzort, R. P., 39 Engbretson, W. E., 141, 169 Gill, G., 148 Epperson, David, 68 Gillie, Angelo, 15, 27 Dalrymple, Willard, 17 Epps, Edgar G., 51 Gillis, J. R., 30, 134 D'Amico, Louis A., 152 Espinheira, Regina, 8 Glock, Charles Y., 53

194Index-Researchers

in------Goetzmann, W., 143 !:aven, Elizabeth W., 2 Jacobson, Myrtle S., 96 Goins, Tom, 85 Havens, Leonard M., 103 Jaffe, Abram J., 3 Goldberg, Lewis R., 14, 20, 61, Havelock, Ronald G., 117 Janne, Henri, 163 94 Havighurst, Robert J., 2 Jay, Byron W., 72 . Goldberg, Maxwell H., 102 Haviland, David S., 177 Jay, R., 175 Gordon, Edmund W., 41 Hawkes, Glenn W., 103 Jedamus, Paul, 140 Gott, Richard, 86 Hawkes, John, 110 Jelavich, Charles, 103 Gough, Harrison G., 102 Hawley, Amos H., 83 Jencks, Christopher, 24 Gove, Samuel K., 163 Healey, F. G., 110 Jenne, Michael, 59 Gower, D. (Mrs.), 134 Heath, Douglas H., 24 Jensen, Arthur M., 86 Grambsch, Paul V., 77, 78 Heck, James B., 85 Jensen, Ejner, 111 Grant, Richard V., 170 Heckman, Dale M., 30 Jerison, Meyer, 150 Grant, W. Harold, 130 Heddendorf, Russell, 103 Johns, R. L., 63 Gras, R. R., 15, 17 Heding, Howard W., 63 Johnson, B. Lamar, 103 Graybeal, William S., 63, 71, 73,Hedley, Carolyn, 2 Johnson, David, 135 170 Hedlund, Dalva E., 130 Johnson, Hazel M., 70 Greeley, Andrew M., 54 Heis, Ann M., 121, 145, 153, Johnson, Joel L., 86 Greenough, William C., 170 156 Johnson, Kenneth Willard, 42 Grieneeks, Laurabeth, 131 Heist, Paul, 2, 14, 36, 37, 41 Johnson, Richard, 122 Griffin, Roger W., Jr., 110 Helmich, Andrew E., 157 Johnson, S. W., 33 Griffith, Belver C., 116 Helmreich, Robert, 105, 111 Jones, Jerry, 177 Grohsmeyer, Frederick, 107 Henderson, Algo D., 157 Jones, Robert G., 19 Gross, Edward, 77, 78, 80 Henry, Mildred, 6, 37, 41 Jones, Lewis, 94, 121 Grout, Stuart, 36 Hernandez, N., 33 Jones, Thomas M., 104 Guba, Egon G., 116 Hewitt, Raymond G., 31, 103 Jones, William C., 63 Gumperz, Ellen M., 102 Hilberry, Conrad, 15 Jonietz, Alice, 37 Gurin, Arnold, 102 Hill, Arthur H., 131 Joyce, Bruce R., 125 Gurin, Gerald, 23 Hill, Homer E., 175 Judy, Richard W., 171 Gutzwiller, Roberta, 137 Hilliard, Jason, 157 Jusain, Fahin, 166 Hillier, Kenneth, 103 Haan, Norma, 28 Hines, Robert C., 24 Kagan, David, 148 Haas, Kurt, 30 Hirschi, L. E., 175 Kagan, Norman, 155 Hagstrom, David Alan, 20, 65, Hitch, Charles, 95 Kahn, Herman, 166 145 Hobbs, Daryl, 154 Kahn, Judith, 56 Hagstrom, Warren a, 66, 75 Hobbs, Walter, 141, 174 Kahne, Merton, 18 Hall, Douglas T., 59 Hodgkinson, Harold, 142 Kalfter, Irma T., 8 Hall, Everett, Jr., 129 Hoenach, Stephen A., 163 Kallenbach, Warren, 123 Hall, Lincoln H., 36 Hoevell, Clarence M., 124 Kane, James B., 163 Hall, Thomas, 110 Hoffman, L. R., 41, 57 Kane, L., 55 Halls, W. D., 68 Holland, John L., 3, 4, 35, 43, Kane, Robert B., 117 Halstead, D. Kent, 85 48 Kapoor, Sudarshan, 134 Halttunen, William R., 102, Holland, Theodore, 141 Kaspar, Elizabeth Ann, 20, 42 105 Home Economics Dept., 3 Katz, Joseph, 48, 54 Hamblen, John W., 124 Hood, Albert B., 3 Kaufman, Jacob, 48, 171 Hamblin, Robert H., 71 Hoogesteger, Howard, 118 Kaufman, R. A., 123 Hames, B. R., 134 Hook, J. N., 150 Kazamias, Andreas M., 163 Hamill, Charles 0., 102 Horne, B. C., 103 Kearney, George, 142 Handle, Frank, 116 Hubbell, Robert N., 63 Keene, T. Wayne, 171 Hannah, William, 13 Huber, F. E., 15 Keeney, M. G., 125 Hansen, B. L., 71, 72, 163 Keeton, Morris, 142 Hansen, Duncan N., 124 Hughes, Everett C., 141, 147 Hunter, John 0., 63 Kehrer, Barbara, 153 Hansen, John S., 86 Kelly, M. Frances, 63 Hansen, W. Lee, 170. Hurlburt, Allan S., 48, 85 Keniston, Kenneth, 29 Hanson, Robert, 157 Hurwitz, Emmanuel, 88 Kennedy, Carroll E., Jr., 24 Harbison, Frederick H., 170 Hutcheson, J. T., 111 Kennedy, Van D., 172 Hardesty, Reuben Bowen, 47 Hutton, Jack G., Jr., 147 Kent, Alvin, 124 Harding, John S., 33 Hyatt, S. A., 77 Kephart, William B., 49 Hargens, Lowell L., 66, 74 Kerpelman, Larry C., 31 Haring, R. C., 176 Ikeda, Kiyoshi, 5 Kersh, Bert Y., 104, 117, 150 Harman, Willis, 94, 121 Inforonics, Inc., 124 Kievit, Mary B., 15 Harmon, Judson, 36 Ingraham, Mark H., 171 Killcross, M. C., 9 Harp, John, 24 Innis, C. Thomas, 96, 171 Kim, Jongchol, 86 HarriS, Fred R., 116 King, Charles W., 71 Harris, Seymour E., 170 Irwin, Samuel, 153 Isaacs, Herbert, 168 King, Francis B., 170 Harrison, Forest I., 2 King, Francis P., 171 Hartley, John W., 174 Isaacson, Robert, 59 Iscoe, Ira, 24 King, R. G., 126 Hartley, T. C., 59 King, Stanley H., 15 Hartnett, Rodney T., 23, 62, 78 Israel, John, 37 Kingsley, G. Gordon, 55 Hartung, D., 167 Ivey, Allen E., 130 Kinker, H. R., 72 Hassenger, Robert, 14, 34 Kintzer, Frederick C., 86 Haun, Franz J., 130 Jackson, R. J., 68 Kitsuse, J., 17 195 Index-Researchers Klassen, Frank H., 117 Linn, Robert L., 11 McKeough, William J., 79 Klatt, D., 113 Linney, Tom, 18 McLaughlin, Roger J., 38 Klein, Donald, 37 Lippert, H. T., 124 McMillan, John, 10 Kleine, Louis W., 125 Lipset, Seymour, 60 McNeur, Ronald W., 104 Kleis, Russell J., 172 Littig, Lawrence W., 49 McOuat, David C., 88 Knoblauch, H. C., 55 Little, Kenneth J., 39 McTaraghan, 13 Knoell, Dorothy M., 86, 121 Litzinger, William D., 87 Medsker, Leland L., 11, 88, 94, Koen, Frank M., 64, 111 Lodahl, Thomas M., 87 145 Koenig, H. E., 125, 139, 166 Loftus, Gregg, 147, 154 Meehan, James N., 3 Korn, Harold A., 48 Lopez, R., 164 Meier, Robert C., 164 Kosaki, Mildred, 37 Lozano, William A., 163 Melchior, J. C., 48 Koski, Robert W., 125 Lucas, John A., 16 Mello, Maria J., 8 Kosyungan, Hermina C., 64 Lugo, Janet, 154 Melville, George L., 118 Koval, John P., 15 Lunneborg, Clifford E., 55 Menaker, Shirley, 127 Krahmer, Edward, 117 Lunsford, Terry F., 78 Menz, F. E., 9, 37 Krislov, Samuel, 111 Lysaught, Jerome P., 52, 154 Merrill, Irving R., 126 Kruger, M., 59 Meskill, Robert H., 110 Kucera, Henry, 110 Maas, James B., 111 Messersmith, L. E., 88 Kummerfeldt, Irvan J., 134 MacLennan, Donald W., 128 Meyer, Albert J., 88 Kunkel, Paul Ernest, 177 Maddox, H., 3 Meyer, Donald P., 96 Kurland, Norman D., 11 Mahadeva, B. (Mrs.), 38 Meyer, Roy, 73 Kurtz, Richard A., 16 Maier, N.R.F., 41, 57 Miles, David, 138 Mallinson, George G., 25 Miller, 13 Lacuesta, M., 33 Mandel, James, 80, 176 Miller, Donald, 96 Ladd, Dwight, 142 Mangham, Clarence M., 86 Miller, James L., Jr., 172 LaForge, Rolfe, 24 Mann, Richard, 59 Miller, Kermit, 73 Mann, William R., 59, 172 Miller, Robert L., 96, 126 Lancaster, Richard, 84 Marascuilo, L. A., 148 Lang, W. R., 49 Miller, Stephen J., 147 March, R. R., 68 Millholland, J., 59 Langan, Michael D., 78 Marco, Gary L., 153 Milton, Ohmer, 31 Langer, Philip, 37 Margolin, Rubin J., 55 Langlois, Eleanor, 148 Minar, David W., 88 Markowitz, J., 149 Minogue, William J. D., 104 Lankford, Francis G., Jr., 9 Marks, Edmond, 16 Miron, Mordechai, 4 Lannholm, Gerald V., 153 Marshall, D. Bruce, 134 Mitchell, Edna, 2 Lalloue, George R., 86 Marsland, D., 33, 147 Mitchell, Robert E., 172 Lapenta, Joseph, 78 Martin, Sheila, 170 Mitton, George, 165 Larsen, Suzanne, 31 Martin, Warren Bryan, 137, 142Mitzel, Harold, 126 Lash, John S., 86 Marvin, S. L., 125 Mock, Kathleen, 6, 14, 19, 40 Lawrence, Paul, 52 Mason, Elizabeth B., 23, 31 Moehlman, Arthur H., 89, 143 Laycock, Frank, 5 Mathis, B. Claude, 125 Moon, Rexford G., Jr., 89 Lazar, Steven, 143 Matsuzaka, Hyosaburo, 134 Moore, J. William, 104, 105 Lazarsfeld, Paul, 78, 122 Matthews, James W., 138 Moore, Raymond S., 117 Lebold, W. K., 153 Matthijssen, M.A.J.M., 87 Mordey, Theobold, 112 Lee, Eugene C., 87 Mauss, Armand L., 31 Moreno, Leo M., 162 Lee, Everett S., 9, 172 Mayer, Roy, 55 Morishima, J. K., 9, 25, 31, 45, Lee, J. Murray, 117 Mayhew, Lewis B., 3, 138, 142, 52, 112, 147 Lee, Robert, 96 147, 154, 172 Mork, Gordon, 135 Lee, R. R., 124 Mayo, Samuel T., 104 Morril, Richard, 18 Lehmann, Timothy, 84, 90 McAllister, James, 118 Morrison, James L., 73 Leiserson, Mark W., 153 McCartney, James L., 154 Morrison, James W., 176 Leland, Carole A., 48 McClelland, Charles E., 164 Morsbach, Gisela, 49 Lelong, Don C., 172 McClure, William, 112 Morsbach, P. Helmut, 49 LeMay, Morris L., 130 McConnell, T. R., 64, 121 Mortimer, Kenneth, 64 Lemert, James B., 16 McCormack, William A., 87, Morton, M. S., 126 Lemus, B., 164 96, 102, 155 Mosher, Frederick, 135 Lesser, Gerald S., 118, 122 McCoy, Bill, 79 Moughamian, Henry, 8 Levine, Daniel U., 2 McCoy, Charles, 16 Mouly, George J., 118 Levine, Jack B., 171 McCraig, Robert, 79 Moynihan, Daniel P., 89 Levine, Lewis, 171 McCroskey, J. E., 138 Mueller, Daniel J., 38 Levin, Max M., 48 McDanid Ernest, 58 Mueller, Kate, 54 Levy, Charles J., 72 McDowell, James V., 17 Miiller-Plantenberg, U., 59 Lewis, A., 143 McElrath, Dennis C., 17 Mullins, Nicholas C., 79 Lewis, Lionel S., 66 McGee, Reece, 72 Munn, Merton D., 89 Lewis, T., 154 McGinn, Noel, 126 Munro, James S., 38 Libassi, F. Peter, 142 McGirt, R. Martin, Jr., 61 Murphy, David E., 64 Lichty, Eldon, 62 McGowan, John F., 56 Liggett, Donald R., 172 McGrath, Earl J., 87, 88 Nakamura, Hajime, 164 Light, Ivan H., 49 McGregor, T. G., 115 Nakamura, Irene, 38 Lightsey, Ralph, 118 McHugh, Robert, 155 Nance, Richard E., 126 Lindgren, Ronald, 36 McIntosh, Dean Keith, 42 Nasca, Donald, 13, 118 Lindzey, Gardner, 111 McKeachie, W. J., 59 Nash, George, 78 196Index-Researchers Nechasek, Joseph E., 89 Pillipil, Bortif ace, 22 Schaefer, Carl, 48 Nelson, Donald Theodore, 43 Pinner, Frank, 119 Scheiber, Donald E., 3 Nelson, Edward W., 177 Planning Council for Higher Schein, Edgar, 54 Nelson-Jones, Richard, 89 Education (Denmark), 90Schleifer, Ernest G., 174 Neugarten, Bernice, 29 Platt, G. M., 65 Schlekat, George, 175 Newburn, H. K., 10 Plumer, Stanley, 142 Schlesser, George E., 52 Newcomb, Theodore M., 17, Pollock, G. J., 45 Schlossberg, Nancy K., 49 25, 45, 59 Poignant, Raymond, 91 Schoenfeldt, Lyle F., 4 Noble, Frank C., 34 Ponniah, S.V. J., 105 Schoennauer, Alfred, 134 Norfleet, Morris, 10 Pool, Ithiel DeSola, 105 School of Medicine, University North, Walter M., 173 Pope, Hallowell, 114 of Southern California, Nosal, Walter S., 38 Power, C. N., 39 113 Nozhko, Konstantin, 91 Pyper, John, 150 Schoudel, Pearl, 56 Nye, Roger, 96 Proctor, Samuel D., 69, 107 Schrader, William B., 114 Nyhart, J. D., 135 Schufletowski, Frank Walter, Quiambao, C., 33 75 Oaklander, Harold, 152 Quinteros, Oscar, 164 Schultz, Raymond E., 92 O'Banion, Terry, 68 Schultze, L. Walter, 10 O'Connor, Patricia, 56 Radner, Roy, 173 Schuster, Stewart, 49, 137 O'Connor, William J., 89 Ralph, David C., 138 Schwaneger, Henry, 91 Olmsted, Ann, 157 Rand, Leonard Peter, 18, 21, Schwartz, Guenter, 124 Olmsted, Sterling P., 158 57, 130 Seaman, Don F., 174 Oosthoek, J. K., 17, 45 Rapaport, Chanan, 65, 138 Searr, Harry A., 15 Orr, David, 128 Rapaport, Roger, 143 Seiber, S. D., 122 Owen, John, 79 Rauh, Morton A., 79 Seifrit, William C., Jr., 36, 92 Owens, E. W., 86 Rayder, Nicholas F., 131 Selden, W. K., 145 Reboussin, Roland, 34 Select Committee on Education, Pace, C. Robert, 17, 90 Record, Al, 18 21, 108 Palmer, Dave R., 96 Redefer, Frederick L., 73 Selim, M., 4 Palmer, Everett W., 143 Reed, Horace B., 45 Severance, Malcolm F., 174 Palmer, Parker, 16 Regan, Mary C., 26 Sewell, William H., 7, 26, 50 Palola, Ernest G., 90 Reid, J. Christopher, 128 Shaffer, Robert H., 57 Paltridge, James Gilbert, 94, Renetzy, Alvin, 148 Shah, Vimal P., 7, 50 157 Reisman, Arnold, 65 Shapira, Rina N., 4 Pan American Union, 173 Renner, Richard R., 164 Shawhan, Gerald L., 97 Panes, Robert J., 5, 12, 22, 46 Resnikoff, Arthur, 155 Sheffield, Edward F., 74, 119 Parker, George, 105, 111 Reynolds, Lyle, 2 Shell, Karl, 174 Parkman, Ralph, 112 Rhett, Haskell, 91 Shell, William, 128 Parsons, Jerry L., 106 Richards, J. M., Jr., 18, 52 Sheppard, D., 137 Parsons, Talcott, 65 Riches, Eleanor, 156 Sherman, Charles D., Jr., 151 Pascal, Charles E., 105 Ridge, John W., 97 Sherrell, Richard E., 74 Pate, Robert H., Jr., 17 Rizzolo, Ralph, 127 Shimbori, Michiya, 69 Patel, C. S., 118 Roaden, Arliss, 116 Short, Edyth, 142 Patterson, Laura Marguerite, Roark, William F., 73 Shoudel, Pearl W., 56 74 Roberts, Bruce B., 31 Shouldis, Robert, 24 Patton, Michael J., 147 Robinson, Glen, 73 Shulman, Lee, 148 Pauk, Walter, 130 Rodman, Harry E., 113 Siebert, Fred S., 138 Paulson, Casper, 119 Rogers, Daniel C., 164 Siegel, Barry N., 166, 174 Pautz, W., 45 Rogers, Edward de Lancey, 173Sinnett, E. Robert, 131 Payne, Isabelle, 158 Rose, Gerald L., 74 Skager, R. W., 35, 43, 52 Peck, Darrell J., 112 Rose, Harriett, 23 Skapske, George, 127 Peck, Robert F., 158 Rosen, Doris, 33 Skorov, George, 91 Pemberton, Carol, 25 Ross, Bailey, 161 Smart, 161 Perkins, Ray, 79 Rossi, Alice S., 54 Smith, Allan H., 143 Perlman, Robert, 102 Rossi, Peter H., 26 Smith, Keith W., 19, 163 Perloe, Sidney, 33 Roueche, John E., 119 Smith, Max, 135 Persons, Edgar A., 135 Rowe, Harold Garris, Jr., 178 Smith, M. Brewster, 28 Pervin, Lawrence A., 7, 17, 21, Ruiter, R., 164 Smith, Robert G., 92 47 Russel, John, 119 Snider, Richard H., 165 Peterson, Earl B., 119 Russell, Charles H., 154 Snyder, Benson R., 18, 60 Peterson, Marvin W., 97 Ruthenberg, Donald B., 34, 52, Snyder, John W., 129 Peterson, 0., 147 91 Solkoff, N., 149 Peterson, Richard E., 62 Ruyle, Janet, 55 Sommer, Robert, 177 Petrie, Grace S., 112 Sommers, Gerald G., 39 Pettengill, Robert B., 173 Sachastanandan, 13 Southerland, Arthur Ray, 98 Phay, John E., 73, 137 Sack, Saul, 91, 105 Southwick, Lawrence J., 174 Phemister, Larry, 80 Sanazaro, Paul J., 155 Spaeth, Joe L., 54 Phillips, Jean, 39 Sandler, L., 71, 72 Spalding, Willard, 151 Pieper, William C., 39 Sanford, Nevitt, 119 Spector, Irwyn Leonard, 43 Pierce, Wendell H., 79, 90 Satinsky, Victor P., 46 Spencer, Richard E., 18, 39, 52, Pierleoni, Robert G., 52 Scales, Eldridge E., 68, 173 56, 60, 113

197Index-Researchers Spivack, Sydney S., 26 Tuckman, Bruce W., 27 Western, J. S., 50, 149 Splete, Allan P., 79 Tulane University, 98 Wheeler, John T., 155, 177 Spurr, Stephen, 138 Tully, Emerson, 61, 92 White, Kay E., 131 Stacy, Thomas J., 113 Turner, Edward F., Jr., 95 White, L. S., 144 Stahr, Elvis J. 31 Turner, Floyd, 18 White, R. A., 10 Stakenas, Robert G., 92 Twelker, Paul A., 120, 150 White, Richard, 119 Stalcup, Robert, 79, 90, 92 Tyler, F. T., 27 Whiteside, William B., 98 Stanford, Melvin J., 80 Whitla, Dean K., 5, 57 Stanley, Julian C., 114 Uhlig, George, 58 Whitney, Mary E., 19 Stanton, Henry, 120 Ukai, Nobushige, 65 Whittaker, David, 32 Starr, Ronald L., 48 Underwood, Kenneth, 136 Widmaier, H. P., 93 Stearns, Floyd, 165 Usdan, Michael S., 88 Wiersma, William, 119 Stegman, Wilbur N., 18, 39, 46 Usland, David, 128 Wiggins, James A., 114 Stern, James, 135 Wilcox, Thomas W., 114 Sterrett, Marvin D., 32 Valsechi, 0., 100 Wilds, Preston L., 151 Stewart, Clifford T., 174 Van Campen, J. A., 113 Wilkerson, Doxey A., 41, 136 Stickler, Hugh, 92 Van der Klauw, C. F., 56 Willey, Darrell S., 120 Stiles, Lindley J., 105 Van, Imu Thi Kim, 65 Williams, Jack K., 93 Stokes, Marsden B., 175 Van Riper, Poul, 13 Williams, Joe, 120 Stone, Leroy A., 44 Van Tassel, D., 143 Williams, Norman, 34 Stone, Lawrence, 106 Varney, H. E., 85 Williamson, Bernice L., 46 Stone, W. S., 113 Vaughan, Tony, 136 Willingham, Warren W., 11 Stotland, Ezra, 18 Veldman, Donald J., 127 Willsey, Alan, 106 Stringer, Peter, 113 Velema, E., 56 Willson, Robert, 114 Stritter, Frank, 151 Via, Murray, 19 Wilmer, Pautz, 45 Stuart, Cyrol, 60 Victor, Doris H., 127 Wilson, John, 34 Sugarman, Barry, 34 Viederman, Stephen, 106 Wilson, Kenneth M., 5, 27, 53, Suppes, Patrick, 114 Vijil, M. E., 164 120 Suslow, Sidney, 148 Vinson, R. B., 176 Wilson, Robert C., 61 Sutton, Joseph T., 165 Vivrett, Walter K., 165 Winandy, Donald, 19 Swanson, Edward 0., 3 Volkwein, J. Fredericks, 29 Wing, Cliff W., Jr., 5 Swanson, Gordon I., 135 von Friedeburg, Ludwig, 32 Winkler, Mary C., 54 Swanson, John E., 175 von Rundstedt, M., 175 Winterhager, W. D., 167 Swets, J. A., 113 Vreeland, R. S., 15 Wise, B., 103 Sykes, Gresham M., 151 Wise, W. Max, 144 Szcepanski, Jan, 23 Wallace, Walter L., 17, 21 Wolins, Martin, 5 Wallach, Michael A., 5 Wolf, William C., Jr., 139 Tangri, Sandra S., 25 Wallen, Carl J., 104 Wong, Ruth Hie-King, 106 Taylor, Alton L., 39, 155 Wallhaus, Robert, 49, 68, 80 Wood, D. A., 153 Taylor, Robert S., 97 Walter, John F., 128 Wood, Richard H., 136 Terman, Frederick, 155 Walter, Ralph, 106 Woodring, Paul, 98 Thoenes, P., 49 Walton, Joel P., 175 Woskowski, Jan, 23 Thomas, James E., 10 Walz, Garry R., 131 Wright, Patricia S., 165 Thomas, John M., 141 Ward, Gordon A., 74 Wrightsman, Lawrence S., 34 Thomas, Margaret J., 26 Ward, J. L., 136 Wuest, Francis J., 19 Thomas, Norman C., 143 Warner, Aaron W., 175 Thomsen, Ole B., 106 Warner, W. Lloyd, 80 Yale University, 128 Thornton, James W., Jr., 127 Warrington, Willard, 27 Yamamoto, Kaoru, 50, 61, 66 Tickton, Sidney G., 97, 165 Waschick, Walter J., 16 Yaryan, Ruby B., 126 Tillery, Dale, 4, 10 Washburn, Courtland, 93 Yinger, J. Milton, 5 Tisher, R. P., 39 Watts, William, 32 Yonge, George, 19, 26, 40 Tolle, Donald, 65 Webb, Sam C., 16 Young, David B., 158 Touche, Ross, 161 Weber, Gerald, 153 Yuker, Harold E., 27 Trent, James W., 7, 11, 35, 55 Wegner, Eldon L., 26 Trow, Martin, 49, 60, 146 Weisbrod, Burton A., 170 Zachary, Nina, 5, 169 Troyer, Maurice E., 10, 27, 32, Wells, James, 151 Zannetos, Z. S., 126 60, 79, 97, 143, 151 Werts, C. E., 50 Zemach, R., 125 Tucker, Richard, 110 West, Cameron P., 93 Zymelman, Manuel, 175

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198 Index--Researchers if

The Center for Carnegie Commission Research and Development in on the Future Higher Education of Higher Education

The Center for Research and Develop- "... the pressures on the United States for at ment in Higher Educaticin at Berkeley is least the balance of this century are going to one of nine educational research and de- be so great, and our colleges and universities velopment centers funded primarily by so absolutely central to society's well-being, the Office of Education. Each center has a in ways that dwarf anything we have yet seen, that we can no longer afford the luxury of an special research focus, and the Berkeley unplanned, wasteful, chaotic approach to Centerconductsresearch inhigher higher education." Alan Pifer, President of education. the Carnegie Corporation of New York. In its original application to the Office of Education, the Berkeley staff stated its Motivated by such a conviction, the Car- overall objective as follows: negie Foundation for the Advancement of The central purpose of the proposed Center is Teaching, early in 1967, established a spe- to assist individuals and organizations that cial commission to study the future of are responsible for American higher educa- American higher education. Fifteen dis- tion to improve the quality, efficiency, and tinguished Americans wereinvitedto availability of education beyond the high school. By using the theories and method- serve on that Commission, Clark Kerr was ologies of the behavioral sciences, the Center named chairman, and the group was des- intends to discover and to disseminate new ignated the Carnegie Commission on the perspectives on educational issues and new Future of Higher Education. solutions to educational problems. The Center will endeavor to add to the descriptive and Now, and for the next four years, the analytical literature on colleges and univer- Commission will be examining many as- sities.It will contribute to the systematic pects of American higher education and knowledge of several of the behavioral sci- studying the elements in this complex ences, notably psychology, sociology, eco- nomics, and political science. society which affect higher education and which are affected by it. The Carnegie The Berkeley Research and Develop- Commission seeks to obtain new perspec- ment Center was established in Septem- tives on basic issues, to gather useful new ber 1965. It incorporated the Center for the data, and to generate ideas in the hope Study of Higher Education, established nine years earlier under T. R. McConnell. that institutions of higher learning and the The Center has clustered its research nation as a whole can plan more effectively probes around two major areasthe im- for the future. pact of college on student development, and organization and planning in higher education. These research efforts are or- ganized and administered in two pro- grams. Program I deals with studies of college students and student develop- ment, while Program U projects pertain to the viability of institutional structures and functions for the future of higher educa- tion. A third program coordinates the in- volvement of researchers in dissemination and development activities.

T TrItc Toiti,9-2,,i;Y(E'v..ji a otd_q,7111, on the Future of Higher Education 1947 Center Street Berkeley, California 94704

CLARK KERR Chairman RALPH M. BESSE President, The Cleveland Electric Illuminating Co. JOSEPH P. COSAND President, The Junior College District of St. Louis 0 WILLIAM FRIDAY President,nlversity of North Carolina DAVID D. HENRY President, University of Illinois THEODORE M. HESIBURQH C.S.C. President, University of Notre Dams CARL KAYSER Director, Institute for Advanced Study at Printon ROY E. LARSEN Chairman of the Executive Committee. TIME, Inc. KATHARINE E. McDRIDE Prosident, Sryn Mow coffees JAMES A. PERKINS President, Cornell University CLIPTON W.. PHALEN Chairman of the, Executive Commit- tee, Morin* Midland Corporation NAThAN U. PUSEY President Harvard University DAVID RIESMAN Professor of Social Sciences, Harvard University HONORABLE WILLIAM W. SCRANTON NORTON SIMON Hunt Food and Industries, Inc.

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