A CHINESE WEEKLY OF NEWS AND VIEWS

Vol. 33, No. 38 September 17-23 All Ready for XI Asian Games I.

A trip to the dragon's native place. Photo Beijing'^!'!?' VOL. 33, NO. 38 SEPT. 17-23, 1990

CONTENTS

EVENTS/TRENDS 4-7 Jiang Stresses National Unity Shanghai Maps Out Pudong's Future Beijing Ready for the Asian Games Asiad Participants: A Record Number New Railway Spans Asia, Europe • The Asiad Village, after four years of arduous yet elaborate Another Weather Satellite preparation, now stands ready to welcome athletes from all Launched Asia. Beijing hotels will provide top-notch services. Have the Li Peng Meets Iraqi Official athletes prepared as well for the competition? An analysis of the warm-up exercises by the Asiad member countries provide INTERNATIONAL some hints (p. 10). Chinese and Soviet Foreign Ministers Conclude Talks 8

CHINA An Interview With Asiad Project Nuclear Teciinology Boosts Agricuiture Leader Zhang Baifa 10 Asia Prepares for the Games 14 Beijing Hotels Ready for the 11 th • With the application and comprehensive research of nuclear Asian Games 16 science for agricultural use, China leads the world in the The Origin of the Chinese Legal promotion of such technology to improve crop variety, prevent System 19 insect and pest infestation and extend the shelf-life of fresh Nuclear Technology Boosts foods (p. 24). Agriculture 24 FROM THE CHINESE PRESS 27

BUSINESS/TRADE 28 30 CMnese and Soviet Foreign Ministers Conciude Tali

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Jiang Stresses National Unity

r I ihe Chinese Communist army units. that the household contract res• Party chief Jiang Zemin Jiang said that people in Xin• ponsibility system has greatly T reiterated the importance jiang, as well as in other parts of stimulated farmers' enthusiasm of unity among all nationalities China, hope for stability, unity, and energized productivity and and regions, and between the development and prosperity of consequently should be contin• army and local governments China. With this as a common ued in the future. during his inspection tour of will, all difficulties will be over• However, he said, the system the Xinjiang Uygur Autonom• come, he said. should continuously be devel• ous Region from August 22 to At a discussion session with oped and improved. Where con• September 1. local leaders, the general secre• ditions permit, more intensive Unity and mutual support tary stressed the importance of farming and socialized services should be stressed in the big adhering to the Party's leader• may be introduced so as to solve family of the Chinese Nation, he ship. He said, because China has problems that individual house• said. As long as people of all a strong proletarian party the holds maybe unable to tackle, nationalities in China, under the country has weathered all types Jiang said. leadership of the Communist of difficulties and remains pow• When inspecting army units Party of China (CPC), are unit• erful in the East. Only under the in the region, Jiang told officers ed for a common objective and leadership of the CPC will Chi• and soldiers there to heighten share weal and woe, the China na's reform and open policy pro• their political consciousness and will remain stable, he added. ceed along the socialist road. to carry forward the fine tradi• During the tour, Jiang, to• Jiang urged local leaders to tions of the Army. He also urged gether with Yang Baibing, persist with the Marxist views them to play an active part in secretary-general of the Central on nationality and religion and supporting and participating in Military Commission of the Par• to promote mutual dependence the construction of Xinjiang ty Central Committee, visited a among all nationalities. which will contribute to the number of factories, rural and When talking with local farm• prosperity of the region. pastoral areas, oilfields and ers and herdsmen, Jiang said Jiang said that Xinjiang Jiang Zemin (in the middle) chitchatting with an old man of the Uygur nationality should be developed into a prod• during his inspection tour of Xinjiang. uction base for cotton, grain, sugar and animal husbandry. Communications, energy, and especially petroleum, natural gas, and the petrochemical in• dustry should be given high priority. The general secretary called on local governments to attach great importance to the training of ethnic minority leaders and give full scope to their role. Leading officials at all levels should devote more time to the | study of Marxist theory and i works of Mao Zedong and Deng Xiaoping, build a clean govern• ment and share weal and woe with the masses of the people, Jiang said. •

4 BEIJING REVIEW, SEPTEMBER 17-23, 1990 EVENTS / TRENDS financial institutions, as well as conference — evidence of the retail dealers, will want to choose central government's concern Shanghai Maps Out the planned new "Waitan" (the and confidence in this project. Blind) at Lujiazui, where they Deputy Director Chen Yuan of Pudong's Future will be allowed for the first time the People's Bank of China, an• to establish their China branch• nounced a package of policies in• hanghai is ready to substan• es. In the future, new high- volving the operation of foreign tially begin her next centu• rise buildings of banks, aven• banks in the Pudong zone. Dai S ry with the blueprinted am• ues flanked by large shops and Jie, chief of the General Cus• bition of developing the Pudong. super-markets will shape the sky• toms Administration of China, The metropolis will soon open a line of the Lujiazui zone along explained the regulations per• free zone at Waigaoqiao and pre• the Huangpu — Shanghai's taining to the customs proce• pare for a new throughfare lined translation of the Thames or dures for the Waigaoqiao Free with financial and commercial Seine. Zone. Vice-Minister of Finance institutions at Lujiazui facing The third zone is a light indus• Xiang Huaicheng announced the Bund across the Huangpu trial processing zone located in policies concerning taxation. River. Prospective investors and the Qingningsi-Jinqiao District, In addition, He Chunlin, depu• constructors will find their op• one of five major districts to ap• ty secretary-general of the State portunity and fortune in Pu• pear on the landscape of Pudong. Council, spoke highly of the ef• dong, protected by a series of To date, three development com• forts of the local government to concisely specified policies and panies have been established un• open the Pudong to the outside rules. This message was con• der the Pudong Development world and stressed the signific• firmed at a press conference held Office to provide services to the ance of the epoch-making pro• in Shanghai on September 10, three particular zones. ject. He also pledged support and 1990. From May thorugh August, in backing from the central gov• Yang Changji, director of the the name of municipal govern• ernment. Along with the above- Pudong Develpment Office un• ment and with co-operation from mentioned Beijing officials, der the municipal government, the local and central authorities Mayor Zhu Rongji answered presided over the conference. concerned, Yang Changji's De• questions from Chinese and for• About 300 people, including a velopment Office drafted the eign journalists. large group of national and inter• nine documents. The central and Beijing Review will continue to national journalists, leading offi• local authorities have both con• report on the detailed contents of cials from the city's different au• firmed and approved these docu• the documents announced at the thorities concerned and foreign ments. press conference, along with the consultants and business repre• Huang Ju, vice-mayor of mayor's answers to the questions sentatives in Shanghai, attened Shanghai, announced the pro• raised by the journalists, and the the conference at the invitation mulgation of six of the nine do• latest achievements in develop• of the local government. cuments, which were admin• ing the Pudong. At the conference, a total of istered by the central by Dai Gang nine documents concerning offi• government, on the basis cial policies and legal regulations of the 10 principal preferential were announced. The guidelines policies governing investment in of these policies encourage inves• Pudong. Vice-Mayor Huang in• tors to begin to invest in the terpreted the major purposes of three development zones which the six legal documents. The de• Asiad Participants: were also announced at the con• tailed rules and policies are de• ference. signed not only to encourage ov• A Record Number Of the three free zones, Wai• erseas investment in Pudong gaoqiao will very likely be the with highly-favourable terms, record number of athletes most attractive target for those but also to provide a clear-cut and officials from 37 coun• who are interested in such tax- investment guide to industries A tries and regions will at• free businesses as entrepot trade, and create an effective legal en• tend the 11th Asian Games in storage, processing, and packag• vironment for the establishment Beijing, the Asiad Organizing ing. The free zone holds the and operation of foreign-invested Committee (BAGOC) an• promise of becoming the first of ventures in Pudong. nounced at a news conference on its kind on China's mainland. Several high-ranking officials September 4. The number of en• International banks or other from Beijing, attended the press trants hit a total of 6,478 by Au-

BEIJING REVIEW, SEPTEMBER 17-23, 1990 5 EVENTS/TRENDS

Map of the New Eurasian Continental Bridge F5 , RotterdarriTF^^nTfc • ^ Moscow : V rsaw Omsk J!l ^''f Eur^ian co^tin —• ^°"f«ientaj bridge Tselinograd ... .—• ' 1\ Khabarovsk

Lanzhou Lianyungang: gust 22, the final deadline for some minor points in their pap• Union. Once connected, the entry. erwork. "bridge," or the international Of the 38 member organiza- He said Kuwait had sent appli• railway, will stretch from the tons of the Olympic Council of cations via telex from Saudi Ar• port city Lianyungang in east Asia (OCA) Palestine was the abia and will attend the Games China through Jiangsu, Anhui, only member that failed to meet as a sovereign state since it is a Henan, Shaanxi, Gansu and Xin• the deadline. member of the OCA. jiang to Rotterdam in the Neth• "The delay is probably because Wu pointed out that the Gulf erlands via the Soviet Union, Po• of normal mail routes being so• crisis will have some influences land and East and West Ger• mehow blocked, due to the Gulf upon the Uth Asiad, but it will many. It covers a total distance crisis," said Wu Zhongyuan, not cause any large-scale prob• of about 10,800 km, including spokesman for the organizing lems. • the Lanzhou-Lianyungang and committee. "Palestine normally the Lanzhou-Urumqi lines, two submits its entries by way of Ku• major railways in China which wait," Wu explained. extend a total of more than If the delay is caused by fac• 4,100 km. tors "beyond human control," Construction of the Urumqi- Wu said, the committee will con• New Railway Spans Alataw railway began on May 1, sider Palestine's entrance in ac• 1985. Over the years, the Chinese cordance with the OCA rules. Asia, Europe government invested several bil• Palestine entered more than 50 lion yuan into the large-scale re• athletes for five medal events rnhousands of people in novation and reconstruction of last June. Urumqi, capital of the double-track section from Xuzh- China and Japan will send the T Xinjiang Uygur Autonom• ou to Baoji covering a length of two largest delegations, with 838 ous Region, attended a grand 1,100 km, the electrification pro• and 722 members respectively. ceremony on September 1 mark• ject along the line from Zheng- The two countries will compete ing the opening of the newly- zhou to Wuwei and the use of in all 27 medal events and two built 460-km railway between internal combustion engines for demonstration events. the capital city and the Alataw the railway section from Wuwei Wu said to date the names of Pass on the Sino-Soviet border. to Urumqi. All these projects 5,912 entrants from 31 countries Party's General Secretary have assisted in increasing the and regions have been fed into Jiang Zemin, who was on an in• railway transportation capabihty the computers. The names of ath• spection tour in Xinjiang, cut the by 50 to 100 percent. letes from Kuwait, Yemen, Af• opening ceremonial ribbon for It is reported that the govern• ghanistan, India, Libanon and the occasion. ment will continue to invest an Iraq will be fed into the compu• As part of the new Eurasian additional six billion yuan over ter network after further investi• continental "bridge" (see map), the next five years to further in• gation of the athletes' ID code the railway this month will link crease the railway's capability. numbers and clarification of with a network in the Soviet Li Senmao, minister of rail-

6 BEIJING REVIEW, SEPTEMBER 17-23, 1990 EVENTS/TRENDS

Another Weather Satellite Launched

jhina successfully launched its second "Fengyun 1" experimental meteorological satellite from a c launching pad in Taiyuan in northern China's Shanxi Province at 9:53 hours (Beijing daylight saving time) on September 3. After the "Long March 4" carrier rocket sent the satellite into the planned sun-synchronous orbit, the Satellite Tracking and Controlling Centre in Xian, capital of Shaanxi Province, began monitoring the sa• tellite. All systems are in perfect working condition. At 13:14 hours the Satellite Ground Station in Urumqi, capital of northwest China's Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, received the satellite's first high resolution visual cloud chart. The satellite is capable of transmitting weather and climate data to all countries equipped with ground receiving stations. Two balloon satellites belonging to the Chinese Aca• The second "Fengyun 1" meteorological satellite, demy of Sciences were simultanously launched into carried by the "Long March 4" rocket, lifts off their designated orbits from the same carrier for the into space from Us lannching pad in Talynan. purpose of atmospheric exploration. • ways, stated in his speech at the solve disputes through negotia• opening ceremony that the con• Li Peng Meets tions as soon as possible . struction of the Urumqi-Alataw Iraqi Official During the meeting, Ramadan railway is significant to the eco• briefed Li on the current situa• nomic development and the open hina is deeply concerned tion in the Gulf and Iraq's stand. door policy of northwest China about the turbulent Gulf Li elaborated on China's position and the entire country. He said C situation and sincerely on the Gulf crisis. that the new Eurasian continen• hopes that the Gulf crisis will be Li said the Chinese govern• tal "bridge" will become a con• justly solved as early as possible ment always holds that relations venient international transporta• within the scope of the Arab na• among countries should be based tion passageway, beneficial to tions and on the basis of the Un• on the Five Principles of Peace• promoting international econ• ited Nations Security Council re• ful Coexistence, which state that each country's independence, omy and cultural exchanges. solutions, Chinese Premier Li sovereignty and territorial in• The prospects of the "bridge" Peng stated in Beijing on Sep• tegrity should be fully respected have aroused the interest of tember 7. and countries should solve their many business people from a At a meeting with Iraqi First disputes through peaceful, polit• variety of countries and regions. Deputy Prime Minister Taha ical ways without the use of Beginning this year, Japan, Sin• Yassin Ramadan, Li said China force. gapore and others have repeated• believes negotiations should be The Chinese premier said it ly sent representatives to Lian- conducted within the framework was proceeding from the above yungang to investigate and in• of the UN Security Council reso• position and because of its con• spect the port and the "bridge" lutions. cern for peace in the Gulf that in order to judge investments Li said China hopes Iraq will China voted for the UN Security in joint transportation ventures respond to the mediation efforts Council resolutions. At the same with China. Business people by Arab countries and interna• time, China is oppossed to the from Italy, the United States and tional appeals, support the me• big powers' military involvement Australia also hope to make use diation by the UN secretary- in the area, which furthur deter• of this "bridge" sometime in fu• general, withdraw its troops from iorates and complicates the situa• ture. • Kuwait unconditionally and tion. •

BEIJING REVIEW, SEPTEMBER 17-23, 1990 7 INTERNATIONAL Chinese and Soviet Foreign Ministers Conclude Talks Recently, Chinese and Soviet foreign ministers held working talks. The Chinese Foreign Ministry on September 2 issued a comprehensive news release pertaining to the talks. The following are excerpts.—Ed.

hinese Foreign Minister The two sides stand for a pol• increased. The two sidfes suggest• Qian Qichen and his Soviet itical solution to the Gulf crisis ed that countries in the Asia- counterpart Eduard Shev• by peaceful means on the basis of Pacific region should strengthen Cardnadze held talks on Septem• strictly and earnestly implement• their coordination in solving re• ber 1, 1990 in the Chinese city of ing the United Nations Securi• gional problems and increas• Harbin., ty Council resolutions. The two ing political and economic co• While in Harbin, Shevard• sides also support the mediating operation. Both sides agreed nadze met with Shao Qihui, Gov• role played by the UN Secre• to hold constant consultations ernor of Heilongjiang Prov• tary General. The two sides ex• about Asia-Pacific regional is• ince, and Zhou Wenhua, Vice- changed views on the use of the sues, especially about promoting Secretary of the Heilongjiang UN Military Staff Committee, the settlement of the existing Provincial Committee of the believing that this mechanism conflicts in Asia. Communist Party of China. should play its role in accord• The two foreign ministers The two ministers' talks were ance with the Security Council shared the view that the settle• a part of in-depth dialogues be• resolutions. ment of the Cambodian question tween China and the Soviet The efforts in solving the dis• is in a decisive phase and they Union concerning the most im• putes made by the Arab coun• expressed satisfaction with the portant current international is• tries, including those made with• five important documents on a sues. The two sides analysed the in the framework of the Arab political settlement of the Cam• situation in the Gulf region, ex• League, can make important bodian question, which were changed views on the Asia- contributions to easing the explo• drafted by the five permanent Pacific region, the Cambodian sive situation. members of the UN Security question, the Afghanistan issue, The Chinese and Soviet gov• Council. They believed that the situation in the Korean Pen• ernments are appealing to all these documents outline the insular and in Europe as well as countries to exercise restraint, framework for the pohtical set• the issue of German unification, not using force and taking no tlement of the Cambodian ques• and discussed Sino-Soviet rela• moves that may lead to an esca• tion. They expressed apprecia• tions. lation of the tensions. tion for the efforts made by the The two ministers expressed The two foreign ministers are co-chairmen of the International great concern over the Gulf cris• aware that as permanent mem• Conference in Paris, the mem• is. Agreeing that the crisis not bers of the UN Security Coun• ber states of the Association of only threatens peace and stabili• cil, China and the Soviet Union Southeast Asian Nations and ty in the region, but also gravely shoulder a great responsibility in other parties concerned. affects the stability of the world safeguarding world peace. The The two foreign ministers situation, the two sides reiterate two sides will continue consulta• hoped that the various parties in that Iraqi troops must withdraw tions and co-operation and make Cambodia will quickly, on the from Kuwait immediately, un• efforts for restoring peace and basis of the documents worked conditionally and completely. stability in the Gulf as early as out by the five permanent mem• Kuwait's sovereignty, independ• possible. bers of the UN Security Coun• ence and territorial integrity Concerning the situation in the cil through consultations, reach should be restored, and the safe• Asia-Pacific region, the two for• agreement on a political settle• ty and freedom of foreign na• eign ministers maintained that ment, and establish a National tionals in Iraq and Kuwait guar• the role of this region in world Supreme Council (NSC) to in• anteed. politics and economy has greatly clude the participation of all par-

8 BEIJING REVIEW, SEPTEMBER 17-23, 1990 ties in Cambodia so as to create | conditions leading to a future ge• neral election. The two sides will welcome the election of Prince Norodom Sihanouk as Chairman of the NSC. Both sides reiterated that they will continue to make their own contributions to a comprehen• sive, just and reasonable solution to the Cambodian question. They suggested that within the frame• work of a comprehensive politi• cal settlement of the Cambodian question, the various parties in Cambodia cease fire, and China and the Soviet Union stop mili• tary aid to the various parties involved in the Cambodian con• flicts and called on other coun• tries concerned to take the same measures. The two sides expressed con• cern for the relaxation and On September I, Chinese Foreign Minister Qian Qichen and his Soviet counterpart stability in the situation in the Eduard Shevardnadze held working talks, in the Chinese city of Harbin, to exchange Korean Peninsula. They believed views on issues of common concern. HU WEI that without a solution to the Korean Peninsular question, it is al unification. Hope was ex• delegations will be convened la• impossible to achieve genuine se• pressed that the unification of ter this October in Beijing. curity and stability in Northeast Germany will not only benefit Decision was also made that Asia. The dialogue between the people of the two Germanics, the continued talks on the reduc• north and south parts of Korea is but also be conducive to peace, tion of armed forces in the important in the easing of the stability and development in Eu• Sino-Soviet border areas and the tensions. In view of this, both rope and the world as a whole. strengthening of mutual trust in sides hoped the forthcoming The two foreign ministers ex• military field will be held in meeting of the prime ministers of pressed satisfaction with the Moscow on September 10. The north and south parts of Korea speedy development of Sino- two foreign ministers hoped that will achieve positive results. Soviet relations in various areas. the talks will make progress. The two sides discussed the The two sides pledge to continue They believed that the talks are prospects for Afghanistan to se• efforts in the implementation of of great significance to promot• cure national reconciliation and the agreements reached at the ing bilateral relations and en• peace. They hoped Afghanistan Sino-Soviet summit meeting last hancing mutual trust between can become an independent, year and to enhance the friendly the two countries. peaceful, neutral and non-neighbouring relations between Agreements were also reached aligned country. the two countries on the basis of on establishing a Chinese general The Soviet foreign minister the Sino-Soviet Joint Commu• consulate in Chabarovsk and a briefed his Chinese counterpart nique issued on May 18, 1989. Soviet general consulate in Shen• on recent high-level contacts be• The two ministers agreed that yang as soon as possible. tween the Soviet Union and the the border negotiations have The talks proceeded in a warm United States. The two sides made progress and the negotia• and friendly atmosphere. briefly discussed the situation in tion process should be accelerat• Shevardnadze reaffirmed his Europe and German unification. ed in order to reasonably solve invitation to Qian Qichen to pay The two sides stated that China the Sino-Soviet border problem an official visit to the Soviet and the Soviet Union have al• as soon as possible. Both sides Union. Qian accepted the invi• ways understood and supported decided that the regular meeting tation with pleasure. The exact the aspirations of the German of the working groups of the date for the visit will be decided people for realizing their nation• Sino-Soviet border negotiation through diplomatic channels. •

BEIJING REVIEW, SEPTEMBER 17-23, 1990 9 CHINA

An Interview With Asiad Project Leader

by ZhanOur Staff gReporte Baifr Cuai Lil i China's success in preparing so well for the 11th Asian Games within such a short time demonstrates the Chinese government's full support and the public's wholehearted co-operation in keeping the work on schedule. It also manifests the Chinese people's wisdom and unity.—Ed.

s the 11th Asian Games China for the Asian Games. The ence in March 1988. At these draws near, Mr. Zhang stylish, high-quality structures sessions some people wondered if A Baifa, standing vice- have been widely praised at the gigantic Asiad project, con• chairman of the Asiad Organiz• home and abroad. During the struction for which had just be• ing Committee and deputy may• extensive preparatory process, gun, would be completed on or of Beijing, gave an interview Zhang himself became a news• time. I told them that if the to Beijing Review and related the maker. Asiad project were not complet• work the committee had under• "Looking back the past four ed on time and the Asian Games taken to make the Games a suc• years," Zhang said, "I've had a had to be postponed as a result, cess. mixed feeling of the sweet, the I would jump from the highest Since Zhang was appointed sour, the bitter and the pungent, point of the Jing Guang Centre commander-in-chief of the everything. I still remember the (the tallest building in Beijing) Asiad project in 1986, a total sessions of the National People's and make an apology to the of 33 new stadiums and gymna• Congress and the National Com• world. I did not expect what I siums and many other exercis• mittee of the Chinese People's said at the meeting soon became ing sites have been prepared by Political Consultative Confer- a household knowledge," Zhang said with a smile. Zhang Baifa addresses a mass rally towards the landscaping of the Asiad Village. "As head of the Asiad HU DUNZHl project, I had to meet the challenge and take the risks. For example, fund• ing was a big question. When the project was about to start, there was still a shortage of several hundred million yuan. To make matters worse, soon after the project got going, nationwide price readjust• ment was made. This drove the price of building ma• terials up 30 percent." Despite all the difficul• ties, however, the stadiums and gymnasiums of various architectural styles, quite spectacular under a clear blue sky, were completed. The final touches, land-

10 BEIJING REVIEW, SEPTEMBER 17-23, 1990 CHINA scaping with trees, flowers and matters related to the Asiad pro• promised to provide any sum, at lawn, are being put in place ject, say, zoning, design and con• any time, if needed. around each site. Zhang relish• struction, had to be given prior• Another important factor be• es the success, particularly after ity. The project headquarters hind the successful construc• four years of hard work and a were manned by more than 100 tion was the wholehearted co• seemingly endless stream of rea• officials, some dozen of whom operation of the public. A clear sons to be frustrated. were bureau leaders. The direc• example of this is the requisition "As a matter of fact, it was tor of the Beijing Public Health of land and the dismantling of most unlikely that I would have Bureau, for example, was ap• some houses for construction. to jump from a high-rise," he pointed head of the project's "Altogether 384.7 hectares of said. "Although there were so health section while the deputy land were requisitioned, an area many difficulties in the begin• director of the Beijing Fire Con• which affected thousands of ning, I was confident because trol Bureau was held responsible families and nearly 400 work oiirs is a socialist country. I was for fire prevention and control. units. Such a large undertak• fully convinced that we would The Ministry of Materials and ing, however, went off without be able to overcome all these dif• Equipment is the government a hitch in less than half a year," ficulties by relying on the super• department with which Zhang Zhang recalled. iority of socialism and mobiliz• had the most contact. Ever since Among the work units re• ing the entire society." the ground-breaking ceremony, moved, Zhang said, those which To support such statements, the ministry has supplied the were collectively owned volun• Zhang recounted a list of facts best steel, cement and lumber at teered to bear the brunt of the and statistics, the most impor• the lowest possible prices. It even losses. The owner of a private tant of which was the govern• placed an official on the con• electrical machinery repair shop ment's effective command and struction sites to ensure ade• did not ask for any compen• the support and co-ordination of quate supplies. The Ministry of sation for his losses of some government departments. Railways delivered all the need• 100,000 yuan caused by the re• Long before the project start• ed materials free of charge while moval of his shop. When the ed, the central and Beijing gov• the People's Bank of China and Dajing Village, Fengtai District, ernments made it clear that all the Financial Bureau of Beijing on the northern outskirts of Bei-

The National Olympic Sports Centre. Xl/£ CHAO

BEIJING REVIEW, SEPTEMBER 17-23, 1990 II CHINA jing, was selected as the site for the Fengtai Sports Centre, every village resident moved away on schedule even though Jhey had lived there for generations. The raising of funds for the Asiad project has, of course, made the headlines of the na• tional news media for quite some time. "In order to construct the Asiad project," Zhang said, "the state allocated 1.05 billion yuan while the Beijing municipal gov• ernment ploughed in another 400 million yuan. There was still a shortfall of 600 million yuan in the budget, however, which had to be collected from society." As a matter of fact, funds were raised from two sources. The National Olympic Sports Centre Swimming Pool was funded with donations by One was from donations, the Fok Ying Tung (Henry Fok), a famous Hong Kong businessman. other volunteer labour. As to donations, many heart-warming when compared with those used ders were built," Zhang added, stories were published in the by India and South Korea for "Beijing's construction workers newspapers. For example, an oc• the 9th and 10th Asian Games. seized every minute, never car• togenarian grandmother present• India spent US$1 billion for the ing about pay. They worked day ed the Asiad project 1,000 yuan Ninth Asiad and South Korea a and night, sometimes sleeping on which her children and grand• total of US$3.3 billion for two the construction sites with their children had saved for her birth• sports meets, the 10th Asiad and clothes on. It was the workers' day anniversary. A People's Lib• the Seoul Olympiad. The an• strong desire to win honour for eration Army soldier travelled a swer, however, is quite simple. the country and to make contri• long distance so that he could All spending on the above- butions to the Asiad that guar• donate all his savings to the mentioned work was not includ• anteed the speedy completion of Asiad project. Three Taiwan ed in the figures. It was the the Asiad project. Even during compatriots contributed spirit of co-operation between the 1989 turmoil, the construc• US$240,000 to the project with the small collectives and the tion of facilities, including the the only condition that their big collective of socialism that most difficult project of the donation not be publicly ack• helped, to a great extent, solve Central TV Tower (405 metres nowledged. Everyday, the Asiad the shortage of funds, Zhang high), was neither suspended nor Organizing Committee receives said. postponed," Zhang said proudly. as many as 400 money orders "Also, Beijing's construction Volunteers from all walks of from a wide range of people the workers have long been known life constitute another valuable world over. as a crack force," Zhang said. force for the Asiad project. At A common method of dona• "This contingent is ideologically least several hundred thousand tion, Zhang said, has been vol• advanced, professionally compe• people have volunteered to work untary work. For example, all tent and collectively conscious. for the Asiad project, Zhang the work related to site clean-up, It also has a sense of honour." said. afforestation and beautification Zhang used to be a construction Chinese scientists and techni• of the surrounding areas and worker in the 1950s. As the lead• cians have also contributed their other parts of the city were done er of one team, Zhang took part share. Hoping that the Asiad by and paid for by grass-roots in the construction of the Great project will help to demonsatrate units. Zhang added that some Hall of the People and seven oth• China's level of technology to people wondered why China er well-known architectural pro• the world, they have taken plea• budgeted as little as US$400 mil• jects in Beijing. sure in their work. lion for the 11th Asiad. The "During the 1950s, when Bei• "Take the project's computer amount seemed quite small jing's eight architectural won• system for example," Zhang

12 BEIJING REVIEW, SEPTEMBER 17-23, 1990 CHINA said. "Originally, it was planned Physical Culture Institute, both gy and the highest quantizing to have the system designed by of top quality. "The newly built degree of 256 guarantees clear the Federal Republic of Ger• speed-skating exercise gymna• and brilliant pictures. It can also many because of its state-of-the- sium near the Capital Gymna• store images and provide special art technnology. This was prohi• sium which has a 400-metre effect displays, slow motion ana• bitively expensive, however, and track and a suspension roof lysis, image repeat and static im• the project leaders had to ask the without column support is consi• ages. "Asiad has pushed China Chinese Academy of Sciences dered quite sophisticated by in• to the world's most advanced and the Ministry of Aeronautics ternational standards. The level." Zhang said emphatically. and Astronautics Industry to co• Health and Amusement Palace Most noteworthy is the Indoor operatively design the system. at the Asiad Village (a rest and Swimming Pool of the National The whole process took them amusement centre for athletes) Olympic Sports Centre. With its only one month. A South Ko• has 12 beams, 30 metres long stylish design and multitude of rean expert, after viewing the each, of wooden patterns glued functions, the pool ranks among computer system, said that it together with resin. China is one the world's ten best. Almost all goes the Seoul system one better of only a few countries the of the building materials are in at least six areas." world over possessing such tech• China-made. In addition, it is In the past four years, Zhang nology," Zhang said. the world's best in two aspects: took time out to visit lapan. Another proud achievement is the diving pool is equipped with South Korea and the United the giant colour display screen 22 diving boards, and has a lif• States together with his aides to attached to the Beijing Work• ter which can raise a diver to a draw on these countries' experi• ers' Stadium, the site where the height of 6.5 metres. The chair• ences in constructing" stadiums opening and closing ceremonies man of the International Swim• and gymnasiums of internation• will be held. The screen is 10 ming and Diving Association al status. metres wide and 40 metres long. said during an inspection of the swimming pool, "The pool is Some 95 percent of the build• So far, only a handful few for• a combination of the national ing materials for the Asiad pro• eign countries are capable of style and advanced technology ject were China-made, Zhang manufacturing such a large elec• of the 21st century. It's clear said. He cited as an example the tronic display system. However, that aims to host Olympiad in trend-setting reticulated com• it was designed and produced by the future." posite roof of the two newly a local Chinese company in just built gymnasiums of Chaoyang over one year. The application of Zhang does not refute such and Shijingshan and the double- the most advanced internation• comments. He said that sur• twist reticulated shell-like roof al digital processing technology, rounding the current Asiad pro• of the boxing hall at the Beijing anti-jam transmission technolo• ject, two areas are being re• served. One, about 13 hectares in A Shopping Centre at the Asiad Village. size, will be used for an Olym• piad Village. The other, some 47 hectares, will be used for a main gymnasium if China wins the right to host the 2000 Olympiad. When asked if he was interest• ed in overseeing the construc• tion of the Olympiad project, Zhang said, "Whenever I think of the frustrations and difficul• ties I encountered in the past four years, I want to quit." After a pause, he continued, sincere• ly but with a sense of humour, "However, when I remember that the successful construction of the Asiad project and the suc• cess of the Asiad will win glory for my country, I want to have another try." •

BEIJING REVIEW, SEPTEMBER 17-23, 1990 13 CHINA Asia Prepares for the Gaines I

by Our Staff Reporter Lou Linwei rw^he 11th Asian Games will and sport workers have gathered month training. During the I soon be kicked off in Bei- here since the beginning of the month, they had eight friendship jing. International experts year for intensive training in competitions and invited the lo• predict sharp competition ahead. 18 events, including men's and cal coaches to help with the As a matter of fact, the competi• women's volleyball, basketball, training. They have reportedly tion for victory has begun much table tennis and weightlifting. beefed up their ability to com• earlier among Asia's various Taiwan. This spring, Taiwan's pete against the strong European sports armies. well-known track and field ath• opponents. Intensive Training lete Li Fuen went to Indiana The Taibei Wushu (Chinese South Korea. When the Seoul State University in the United martial arts), golf, women's vol• Olympic Games closed in Octo• States to receive special training. leyball and both men's and wom• ber 1988, South Korea's Dong-A Li once won the men's all round en's basketball teams have been Libo published an article entitled championship in ten events at approved to come to Beijing ear• Intensify Training for 600 Days the 7th Asian Track and Field lier for tj^ining. The women's to Prepare for the Beijing Asian Championships in 1983. His cur• volleyball team, after participat• Games. rent training in the United States ing in the 11th World Wom• On January 10, 1989, an open• is no doubt aimed at defending en's Volleyball Championships ing ceremony was held for the his position at the forthcoming in Shanghai, stays in Shanghai training in South Korea's Ke Asian Games. He has. publically for warming-up training. Ling Training Centre, known as vowed to set new records at the The teams which will take part "the gold medal casting station." Beijing Asian Games in the ten- in the Asian Games value every Kim Tsuong Ha, president of the event and all-round record score competition beforehand. For in• Sports Association of South Ko• of 8,009 established 27 years ago stance, Mongolia sent their best rea, presided over the ceremony by the famous Taiwan athlete players to the Seattle Goodwill and gave an opening speech. Kim Yang Chuanguang. Li's target is Games; the Football Team of Soo-Nyung, the individual all to score 8,270 points. Yemen, headed by a Brazilian round champion in women's ar• Training in Foreign Countries. coach, competed several times in chery at the Seoul Olympic Training in a foreign country is Arab countries. The 1990 AFC Games, made a pledge on behalf an important tactic for China's Marlboro Dynasty Cup football of the athletes compete first at Taiwan and other Asian coun• championship held in Beijing re• the Beijing Asian Games. tries to boost the competitiveness cently was an important warm- There is no doubt about South of their athelets. It was reported up competition for South Korea, Korea's prowess in Asian sports. that India has sent its track and the Democratic People's Republ• From 1954 to 1986, it was among field athletes respectively to Fed• ic of Korea, Japan and China. the first three in team's total eral Germany, Malaysia, Singa• scores for seven times. In the pore and other countries to re• 1986 Asian Games, it trailed ceive special training. It has also Excellent Lineup China by just one gold medal. dispatched 12 boxers to Cuba for In March this year, an official DPRK. There is a sports vil• six-week training courses. Viet of the Athletic Association of In• lage called Youth Street in the Nam sent seven boxers and 12 dia announced that Usha, India's southwestern suburbs of Pyon• archers to the Soviet Union. "track and field empress," would gyang, capital of the Democrat• According to the July 24 issue take part in Beijing's Asian ic People's Republic of Korea. of Taiwan's Independent Evening Games. Since then, people saw Some 11 stadiums and hotels Post, China's Taibei recently es• Usha, running like a gazelle, well suited for multiple competi• tablished Women's Football training on the Kerala sandy tions are located between an or• Team left on August 2 for Switz• beach in southern India. chard and a forest of pine trees. erland, France, and three other Usha, now 26, once took Nearly 1,000 Korean athletes European countries for a one- fourth place in the women's

14 BEIJING REVIEW, SEPTEMBER 17-23, 1990 CHINA 400-metre hurdle race at the results caused quite a stir in Ja• in winning a bronze medal at Los Angeles Olympics, the best pan. the Seoul Olympics, obtained placed finish for an Asian ath• Last year, the Japanese gov• 300,000 yen each from All Japan lete. In the Seoul Olympics held ernment gave 1.733 billion yen Youth Gymnastic Club, an or• four years ago, she won four out as subsidies to sports teams, 432 ganization affiliated to the Gym• of five gold medals. It was no million yen more than the pre• nastic Association of Japan. surprise that some Indian people vious year. Of these subsidies, They were the first to be reward• later said that if they had known 1.298 million yen are for the in• ed for their performance at a of her prowess earlier, they tensive training of athletes, an competition. The Table Tennis would have sent only one athlete increase in spending of some 427 Association of Japan wanted to to Seoul for the competition. In million yen over the previous nurture master sportsmen and so the 8th Asian Track and Field year. earmarked 100 million yen in re• Championships held in India in On August 3 last year, the Ja• wards for internal and external 1989, she won four gold and two panese Ministry of Culture and competitions and as subsidies. silver medals. Education formally approved Ja• Japan also invested a great After the Asian Champion• pan's Olympic Committee of Ja• amount of man power, materials | ships, Usha, listened to her fath• pan as a legal entity. From then and funds to strengthen the stu- | er's advice and left the sports on, the Olympic Committee, ori• dy of sport science. The various ground so as to have more time ginally affiliated to the Sports to consider her personal affairs. Association of Japan, becomes efforts by Japan show that they This is why she didn't take part independent financially and so are engaged in a concerted pro• in the competitions in the United was able to increase its invest• gramme to galvanize its athlet• Kingdom last February. ment in sports. ic competitiveness, not only for In February this year, the In• In March 1989, before the Beijing in 1990, but also for Bar• dian sports officials sent a group Olympic Committee was legally celona in 1992 and Hiroshima in of three people to visit Usha, incorporated, the Sports Associa• 1994. trying to persuade her to parti• tion of Japan decided to prov• To prepare for Beijing's Asian cipate in Beijing's Asian Games. ide economic subsidies to those Games and raise athletic stan• She' readily agreed. promising athletes who might dards, each Asian Olympic Ill the 13th Asian Men's Bas• win gold medals at the Olym• Council has increased its level of \ ketball Championships, the Phi• pics, world championships and funding in sports. For example, lippines won because of its high• the Asian Games. The pro• the Malaysian government ear• ly professional team members. gramme stipulated that athletes marked US$300,000 while Pak- | As professional men's basketball would be given different scores istan offered US$500,000 for members are allowed to take part based on the level of competition training. The Sports Committee i in the Asian Games, the Bas• and the prizes he or she obtained. of Indonesia plans to reward [ ketball Association of the Phi• Those who reached a score of each or its players who win the lippines has decided to send more than seven are listed as A gold at the forthcoming Asian a professional basketball team. series, and are given 200,000 yen Games in Beijing with 50 million The Professional Basketball As• apiece in subsidies each month. Rupiah (about US$28,000). | sociation of the Philippines al• Those who score over 4 are listed ready has decided on the choice as B series and are given 100,000 i of the team members and vowed yen apiece for subsidies each to win once more. month. i In war-torn Lebenon, sports Individual associations in Ja• officials have also indicated that pan followed suit by providing they would send their best play• rewards. The Gymnastics Asso• ers to Beijing. ciation stipulated that groups Japan, which monopolized the and individuals who did well at first eight Asian Games, seems the Olympics, the world cham• to be going downhill when com• pionships and the Asian Games pared with the progress made by would be given up to 100,000 to the Chinese and South Korean 300,000 yen as a reward. At the teams. In the 1988 Seoul Olym• end of 1989, Ikeya Yukio and pics, Japan won only four gold Nishikawa Daishuke, who made medals, its worst showing since outstanding contributions to the the 1964 Tokyo Olympics. The Japanese men's gymnastic team

BEIJING REVIEW, SEPTEMBER 17-23, 1990 15 CHINA Beijing Hotels Ready (or XI Asian Games by Our Staff Reporter Han Baocheng Beijing is expected to host 150,000 overseas guests and tourists during the llth Asian Games. All the preparatory work is in place and there will be no problems in accommodation and traffic. Hotels in Beijing are ready to welcome their guests with first-rate services and stable prices.—Ed. fter a slump during the se• on September 22, he added, will cond half of last year, Bei• help restore the tourist industry Adequate Accommodation A jing's hotels have come to and provide the nation with a Will such a great influx of peo• life with the increase in for• chance to display the Chinese ple into Beijing during such eign tourists. In the first seven people's hospitality, good service, a short period of time create months of this year, Beijing host• life styles and traditions. In this strains on Beijing's traffic and ed 553,000 overseas tourists, an sense, the Asian Games is a gi• accommodation? Will the vis• increase of 24 percent over the gantic public relations activity. itors suffer from price gouging same period last year. The num• An analysis of potential tour• and poor service? Lu Bing, depu• ber hit 91,000 in July, an increase ists and the various preparatory ty director of the Beijing Tour• of 3.5 times. The occupancy rate work shows that people have ev• ism Administration, said that of the city's tourist hotels is cur• ery reason to expect Asiad to such concerns are unfounded be• rently more than 60 percent and create a boom in tourism. Ac• cause the municipal government some hotels in good locations, cording to the organizing com• of Beijing began its preparatory such as the Peace Hotel in the mittee of the Games, the Games work years in advance and has adopted effective measures to downtown area, have continued will be the largest in Asiad's his• avoid such problems. to report a full house. tory. The total number of ath• According to Lu, Beijing host• Han Brouwuers, general man• letes, coaches, working personnel ed 146,000 overseas tourists in ager of the Palace Hotel who at various sports grounds, jour• October 1988, an all-time high. took the office in early May this nalists, officials and non• At that time, there was indeed a year, said the general situation in governmental organizations strain on hotel rooms in down• China was improving and that from various countries and re• town areas, but there were still foreign investment was going up. gions, representatives from in• vacancies in suburban hotels. He predicted that next year, Chi• ternational sports organizations, Since then, more than 20 new na's tourism would return to the and overseas tourists and busi• hotels have been completed and 1988 level or better. The llth nessmen coming for the Games the number of hotel rooms in• Asian Games, scheduled to open is expected to hit 150,000.. creased by more than 10,000. At present, the city has 110 hotels The Peace Hotel offers colourful evening recreational activity. Here, guests are with some 40,000 rooms desig• entertained by a magic show. nated as overseas tourist hotels. Lu has made assurances that there will be no lack of ac• commodation during the Asian Games. But she added that it is likely there will be strains on the more popular hotels. To prevent unauthorized price increases, the Beijing Tourist Administration recently made public the ceiling prices for 36 major hotels during the peak tourist season (July-November) this year. These, prices are basi• cally the same as last year's tour-

BEIJING REVIEW, SEPTEMBER 17-23, 1990 CHINA ist season. These 36 posh and made to the complainant if the and herbal dishes. Recently, it medium-grade hotels are the problem cannot be promptly re• began to offer Confucian dishes, backbone of Beijing's hotel busi• solved. the type available during the life ness and have 43 percent of the of the ancient Chinese thinker total number of rooms of the ci• Diversified Service and educator Confucius (551-479 ty's tourist hotels. They include BC). To enrich the guests' night the four most sumptuous five- To attract more guests and es• life, the hotel recently opened a star hotels—Palace Hotel, the tablish its own reputation, each concert hall and a night club and China World Hotel, the Shangri- hotel is striving to improve ser• has sponsored performances and la Hotel and the Palace Tower. vice and increase service items. recreational activities with the According to Yin Xinmin, distinctive flavour of north First-Rate Service manager of the Public Relations China and, in particular, of Bei• Department of the Peace Hotel, jing. To provide overseas tourists the hotel early this year set up The Beijing Hotel, 500 metres with satisfactory service, the an Asian Games advisory group to the east of Tiananmen Square, Beijing Tourist Administration headed by the general mana• is the oldest hotel in Beijing with since early this year has organ• ger and comprising department a history of 90 years. It now has ized programmes in all Beijing heads. The group carefully ex• 880 suites and a floorspace of hotels so that they can train amined all the hotel's service 160,000 square metres. There are their staff and provide competi• items in guest rooms, canteens, more than 40 canteens in the ho• tive service, including safety, re• the shopping centre and recrea• tel and the total canteen and ception, guest room, catering, te• tional facilities and worked out shopping area is the largest lephone switchboard, cooking, measures to improve service. Yin among all of Beijing's hotels. Ac• tourist guide, taxi, shopping and said that his hotel planned to at• cording to General Manager Sun washroom services. Tourists now tract tourists by offering services Jifu, the hotel, during the Asian generally agree that Beijing's with distinctive features. It has Games period, will chiefly host tourist service has been much collected a host of material about official delegations from various improved and, as evidence, an the life-style, cultural traditions countries, as well as a small num• increasing number of commen• and consumption habits of Asian ber of tourist groups and indivi• datory letters have been re• guests and, after carefully study• dual visitors. To prepare for the ceived. It is worth noting that ing such information, provided Asian Games, the hotel has not China's tourist administration those service items catering to only trained all of its employees prohibits employees from accept• Asian guests. For instance, the but has also reorganized its man• ing tips. Bo Xicheng, director of hotel has held feasts of games, agement system to make it more the Beijing Tourist Administra• Chinese noodle dishes, sea food responsive to the needs of the tion, said that the government wanted visitors to know that they Staff of the Wnzhou (Five Continent) Hotel located in the Asian Games Village could get satisfactory service in provide efficient service. China without giving tips. The Beijing Tourist Admin• istration opened a tourist tele• phone hotline in April this year to deal with tourist complaints about the quality of service and to provide consultative services. The round-the-clock service is offered in three languages —Chinese, English and Ja• panese. The telephone number is 5130828. Since it was put into service, the hotline, on an aver• age, answered two to three calls daily. According to the rules set by the Beijing Tourist Adminis• tration, the response to each call should not exceed 24 hours and that explanations should be

BEIJING REVIEW, SEPTEMBER 17-23, 1990 17 CHINA guests. Sun said, "Our aim is to year, has completed the con• ough hotel rooms for the influx provide our guests with an ele• struction of the China Interna• of tourists during the upcoming gant, quiet and comfortable envi• tional Trade Centre, a project Asian Games. ronment and the best services." worth US$400 million in invest• In recent years, in addition to Sun noted that with regard to ment. The 21-storey hotel, with the construction of hotels and ca• the geographical location there 687 standard rooms and 56 lux• tering establishments, the Beijing are few hotels in Beijing which ury suites, is managed by the municipal government has wi• can compete with his hotel. How• Hong Kong Shangri-la Interna• dened or built several dozen ever, because it has been operat• tional Management Co. Ltd. roads to facilitate the city's busy ing for such a long time, many This luxury, multi-functional traffic and there are all kinds of facilities have become outdated. hotel mainly serves commercial motor vehicles available for the Although the hotel has contin• and conference tourism. The Asian Games. In addition to the ually upgraded its facilities, it 8,231-square metre banquet hall existing taxis, the municipal gov• still cannot match with luxury can host large international con• ernment has requisitioned sev• hotels. He said the hotel's advan• ferences. The adjacent exhibition eral thousand cars and coaches tage lies in the good tradition centre, a double-tierd modern from government organizations fostered among its employees. work of architect, is able to ac• and institutions and carried out Highly responsible, they are ex• commodate all kinds of exhibi• safety and language training pro• tremely cordial to their guests, tions. grammes for the drivers. making them feel as safe and Jean Pazur, a guest from The 11th Asian Games Shop• comfortable as if they were at Pennsylvania of the United ping Centre will be opened on home. This is the chief reason States, was held spellbound by September 1-October 10 in the why the hotel is always able to the beautiful piano and violin Beijing Exhibition Hall. With a attract guests. music under the candle light in total floorspace of 15,000 square A building for distinguished the main hall of the hotel and metres, the centre will offer guests which adjoins the west praised the performance for its 10,000 kinds of name-brand, wing of the hotel was complet• authentic American style. Ex• high-quality, special or new com• ed last year. Sumptuously fur• tremely satisfied with the ser• modities in 20 categories. There nished, it will host senior offi• vice, she said she would stay at will be a 250-metre long food cials of the Olympic Council of the hotel on her next visit to street in the centre where 50 ho• Asia during the Asian Games. China. tels will sell some 100 varieties of The Sheraton Great Wall Ho• Chinese and foreign snacks. Dur• tel in east Beijing, which started Modern Management ing this period, the centre will business in the early 1980s, is one also sponsor performances of Or• of the earliest Sino-foreign hotel According to an official of the iental songs and dances, qigong, joint ventures. Ronald Reagon, Beijing Tourism Administration, former US president, and Presi• 20 new hotels are scheduled to magic, acrobatics, Peking opera dent George Bush all held recep• start business this year and an• and other recreational activities. tions there during their visit to other 20 hotels are expected to be According to Lu Bing, deputy China. Charles Shen, deputy put into operation in the next director of the Beijing Tourism manager of the hotel's public re• two years. Most of these hotels Administration, Beijing's tour• lations department, said, "The are at or above the four-star level ism has developed from the ho• hotel has undergone renovation. and 80 percent of them are tel construction and basic staff To welcome the Asian Games, Sino-foreign joint ventures. The training to the present stage of we began renovation work early Chinese government does not modern management after sever• this year. We improved the fire- now encourage the building of al years of effort. Today, service control system and brought in hotels, except for those Sino- is intended to meet the needs of new equipment. Our guests have foreign jointly funded hotels for the times, and tours with distinc• a fresh feeling when they step which a contract has already tive national flavour are offered. into our hotel." To enrich the been signed. Although, in the The 11th Asian Games, Lu said, night life, the hotel holds all long run, Beijing's tourism is will mark China's continued de• kinds of recreational activities, likely to grow year by year, it is velopment of its tourist industry. such as week-end barbecues, a an unavoidable fact that the cap• The Games will be a good chance mock Beijing food street, a jazz ital's hotel construction has outs• for overseas tourists to feel the night and foreign food fair. tripped demand. One of the charm of Beijing and such excel• The China World Hotel, which benefits of this excessive devel• lent service will be provided that started business on July 12 this opment is that there will be en• they will be sure to return. •

18 BEIJING REVIEW, SEPTEMBER 17-23, 1990 CHINA

The Origin of the Chinese Legal System

by Wu Naitao Chinese laws are formulated on the basis of soliciting opinions from all sides, drawing on collective wisdom and absorbing useful ideas. The process of formulating the laws, therefore, is also the process of carrying forward, practising and promoting socialist democracy—Ed.

t a meeting held to dis• this year, the Law Committee, cuss the legal affairs by course of legislation. the Foreign Affairs Committee A the Standing Committee of Ways to Solicit Opinions and the Financial and Economic the Seventh National People's Committee of the National Peo• Congress (NPC), this reporter in• —Go to learn about the situa• ple's Congress Standing Commit• terviewed Wang Zhuqian, depu• tion and heed the opinions of tee organized a joint inspection ty secretary-general of the Com• the people at the grass-roots lev• group to investigate the question mittee for the Legal Affairs of el. For instance, the draft of the concerning the operation period the NPC Standing Committee. Law on Industrial Enterprises of joint ventures, a matter of Composed of 170 staff mem• Owned by the Whole People fierce debate in Fujian Province bers, the committee has since its adopted in 1988, was deliberated where many joint ventures have founding in 1979 been working for eight years. Its name was re• been set up. to draft, study and revise laws vised for several times, its con• —The convening of various for the National People's Con• tent was adjusted more than ten kinds of investigations. Wang gress and its Standing Commit• times and its articles were com• Zhuqian noted that while formu• tee. "Because China has a vast plemented and revised more lating laws, it is necessary to hold territory, a huge population and than 100 times. This was all the a series of discussions and inves• numerous nationalities, the polit• result of long-term investigative tigative meetings. For instance, ical and economic development activity. while formulating the General is uneven in various localities," The first major investigation Principles of Civil Law, 180 per• Wang Zhuqian said. "While for• began in October 1980. Spon• sonages from various parts of the mulating the laws, we should not sored by Peng Zhen, then chair• country were invited to discuss only study and use the experi• man of the NPC Standing Com• the proposed articles in Beijing ence of other countries for refer• mittee, people from 59 ministries and opinions were solicited on a ence, but go to learn about the and commissions under the State wide range of one article. In the situation at the grass-roots level Council in 15 groups were sent course of discussion, 40 articles and heed the opinions of various to carry out investigations in 16 were added to the draft law and sides. This is the only way that provinces, autonomous regions 15 articles were deleted. The re• the laws will be formulated in and municipalities having a fair• vised law with 156 articles was accordance with the national ly developed industry and econo• adopted in 1986. Another exam• conditions and the wishes of the my. Peng Zhen personally inves• ple is the drafting of the Law people." This practice of drawing tigated the situation in China's on Rallies and Demonstrations on collective wisdom and absorb• northeast, Shanghai and Zhe- which was submitted to the ing all useful ideas is not only jiang. Afterwards, Premier Li Eighth and Ninth Session of the required by legislation, but also Peng submitted the Amendment Standing Committee of the Sev• by the nature of the Chinese so• to the Law of People's Republic enth National People's Congress cialist system and the people's of China on Joint Ventures Us• for discussion. In July 1989, congress. ing Chinese and Foreign Invest- the draft law was made public There are many ways to gather ijient to the NPC Standing Com• throughout the country in order the opinions of the masses in the mittee in December 1989. Early to solicit public opinions. During

BEIJING REVIEW, SEPTEMBER 17-23, 1990 19 CHINA this time, the Committee for the terests and shows the relation• lation of state laws, the NPC Legal Affairs, the Internal Af• ship between democracy and the Standing Committee also pub• fairs Judicial Committee and the legal system. At the meeting, the lished in newspapers full text of Committee for the Legal Affairs law was adopted by an over• some important draft laws for of the National People's Con• whelming majority of 103 votes. public discussion. It solicited op• gress invited the standing com• —Send draft laws to various inions so as to better pool the mittee members of the municipal localities and departments for wisdom and experience of the Party committees, the municipal opinions. Take the Enterprise people throughout the country governments and the municipal Law for example. After receiving and to ensure that the formula• people's congresses from Shang• the draft, the various ministries tion of laws would better reflect hai and Tianjin and eight other and commissions under the State the will of the people. For in• large cities as well as the leading Council as well as the people's stance, opinions were solicited members of the law enforcing de• congresses, the people's political from all sides throughout the partments to hold special discus• consultative conferences, peo• country for the Constitution, the sions. Some leading members of ple's governments, and the mass Law on Industrial Enterprises institutions of higher learning, organizations in various prov• Owned by the Whole People, the legal experts, members of var• inces, autonomous regions and Basic Law on the Hong Kong ious democratic parties and mass municipalities, except for Tai• Special Administrative Region, organizations were also invited wan, held special meetings in an the Law on Rallies and Demon• to the meetings and their opi• organized way and conducted a strations and the Law on the Ad• nions solicited. At the same time, series of meetings. Many experts, many people wrote to the legisla• scholars, cadres and staff mem• ministrative Procedure. tive departments to express their bers from economic, legal and In January 1988, the publica• views. Therefore, the Law on theoretical circles and enterpris• tion of the full text of the Draft Rallies and Demonstrations sub• es actively aired their views and Enterprise Law and the notice mitted by the Committee for the made suggestions. The compre• soliciting opinions of the draft Legal Affairs to the Tenth Meet• hensive reports made in various law, jointly issued by the Gener• ing of the Seventh NPC Stand• localities and departments were al Offices of the NPC Standing ing Committee was a much sent to Beijing. Committee and the State Coun• discussed, much revised draft cil, were followed with interest before becoming a law. Members by people from all circles of so• of the committee believe that the Public Discussions ciety. Many people from various law accords with China's nation• In order to enable people to parts of the country wrote to al conditions and the people's in• actively participate in the formu- the related department responsi• ble for the drafting the Dai Jie (front centre), NPC deputy and director of the General Customs Administration of law. The Committee for the PRC, discusses at a NPC meeting the Amendment to the Law of the PRC on Joint Ventures the Legal Affairs alone Using Chinese and Foreign Investment (draft). received 500 letters from factory directors, work• ers, technicians, govern• ment functionaries, in• tellectuals and jurists. They put forward their own opinions and suggestions on further revising and perfecting the Enterprise Law. On the premise that the draft was basically good, the letters suggested that it make clear the rights and duties of the work• ers, the main body of the enterprise. The principle safeguarding the lawful rights and interests of the labourers and the

20 BEIJING REVIEW, SEPTEMBER 17-23, 1990 CHINA basic principles that should be observed by the enterprises should be written into the general principles. In their letter, Gao Min and others from the Shandong Taian Bearing Plant said that the draft law did not stipulate the term of office for facto• ry directors and lacked the reform measure for the abolition of life ten• ure for cadres. They worried that the ambi• guous system of imple• menting the factory director responsibility system could easily lead to director dictatorship. They held that the ex• pansion of the factory directors' powers should NPC deputies discuss the Military Service Law. be compatible with the demo• surance companies. These op• lawsuit against administrative cratic election of the factory di• inions were fully taken into ac• encroachment by government or• rectors and that there should be count during the revision of the ganizations. However, some let• a strict term of office of the fac• draft Enterprise Law. ter writers worried that the court tory directors. Wu Jiabin from After the publication of the would not act in accordance with the China Petrochemical Corp. draft Law on the Administrative the law and suggested that the said in his letter that the leading Procedure in November 1988, draft law have additional stipula• members of enterprises should people from various circles wrote tions. If people believe that law accept democratic appraisals by to the Committee for the Le• enforcement was not handled ac• the workers at regular intervals. gal Affairs of the NPC Stand• cording to the law, they could With regard to administrative ing Committee and raised many appeal to the standing commit• cadres who are listed as qualified opinions and suggestions for re• tees of the people's congresses or unqualified by the majority vision. Many letters expressed at all levels. The requirement is of delegates at the workers' con• the view that the scope of admin• that those who neglect their duty gress, it is still necessary that istrative powers should be ex• be investigated according to the promotion and dismissal sugges• panded. They believed that the law. tions be submitted to the higher Law on the Administrative Pro• Before the law's publication, authorities in accordance with cedure is a means by which a the practice of soliciting opinions their jurisdiction for the appoint• lawsuit could be brought against from the people was welcomed ment and dismissal of cadres. "officials" by "civilian people." and appreciated by a variety of Guo Jian-ying from the Beijing Administrative cases under the people. Many wrote to the NPC Insurance Co. said in the letter jurisdiction of the court where Standing Committee to say that that the Enterprise Law should the defendant lives would be un• the practice accords with the clearly state that enterprises favourable to protecting the law• wishes of the people and embod• have the obligation to protect the ful rights and interests of the ies the desire of the people to be property of the state and the col• suitor. Therefore, they suggested masters of the country and to lective, and ensure safe produc• that administrative cases be han• participate in the management of tion. Various kinds of property dled under the jurisdiction of the state and public affairs. It is the insurance coverage of enterpris• court where the suitor resides. concrete expression of the NPC es should be furnished by the Some letter writers held that the Standing Committee, follows the Chinese insurance companies. Law on the the Administrative mass line on major issues and Enterprises should accept inspec• Procedure offered a legal basis helps to implement open politics tion and supervision by the in- for mass organizations to bring a and democratization.

BEIJING REVIEW, SEPTEMBER 17-23, 1990 CHINA Many opinions and suggestions raised by people from various cir• cles have been accepted. For instance, a consider• able number of people made the suggestion that the Enterprise Law be aimed at mobilizing the' initiative of managerial personnel and labourers. As a result, the article that "enterprises guaran• tee workers and staff . members the status of master of their own af• fairs and that they safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of the workers and staff members" was written Deputies into the General Prin• to the Seventh National People's Congress vote to adopt the Enterprise Law. ciples of the Enterprise Photos by XUE CHAD Law. Workers' rights and duties its examination, which will then mittee for further examination have thus been clearly stipulated be submitted by the chairman until the Standing Committee in the related chapters and arti• to the NPC Standing Commit• members have reached fairly un• cles. tee for further examination. animous agreement. Therefore, The NPC Standing Committee some important laws undergo re• Extensive Evaluation is composed of people represent• peated evaluation by the NPC ing various walks of life and in• Standing Committee. In order to carefully promote cludes law experts and leaders of In 1985, when the Standing the formulation of laws, the Na• various fields who have a rich Committee of the Sixth National tional People's Congress and its experience and maintain close People's Congress met to exam• Standing Committee have esta• ties with all social circles. Each ine the draft Law on Enterprise blished procedures for reviewing time the NPC Standing Commit• Bankruptcy, all the members be• and formulating laws. Generally, tee meets, it invites the chairmen lieved the law was very impor• these are the following: When of the provincial people's con• tant. Some, however, thought the State Council submits a draft gress standing committees to at• conditions were not yet ready for law to the NPC Standing Com• tend and because this commands its enactment. They argued that mittee for examination, the com• extensive representation. When China's commodity economy was mittee will first listen to the the NPC Standing Committee underdeveloped and that there council's explanation and then, examines the draft law, its mem• was no co-ordinated implementa• after preliminary examination, bers fully discuss the question in tion of an enterprise law. Conse• will leave the question in the light of the principle of demo• quently, the rights and interests hands of the NPC Legal Com• cratic centralism. There is a par• of the enterprises were unclear. mittee and special committees ticular effort to encourage dif• There were wide differences on concerned for examination and ferent opinions. When many some important articles of the revision; the Legal Committee members differ over some im• enterprise bankruptcy law, and will then conduct an examina• portant articles or, even if only a so no final vote was held even tion in light of the opinion of the small number of members object though it was submitted twice NPC Standing Committee and to the draft law, the draft law to the NPC Standing Committee. the reports concerning the law will not be put to a vote. Instead, After this, the chairman, vice- which have been submitted by the voting procedure will be post• chairmen and member's of the various localities and depart• poned for further investigation NPC Standing Committee went ments and opinions put forward and study, amendment or revi• to conduct a special investigation by the public. On this basis, the sion. The draft law is not submit• in various localities and they re• Legal Committee will report on ted to the NPC Standing Com• ported the results of their inves-

22 BEIJING REVIEW, SEPTEMBER 17-23, 1990 CHINA

tigation to the committee. Dur• pie of democratic centralism. The laws on criminal matters ing a re-examination of the draft These steps have enhanced effi• include the Criminal Law, the law^five major revisions were ciency and made it possible for Criminal Procedure Law, the Re• ma&, including an amendment them to better perform their du• gulations on Punishment of Ser• to the law to ensure co-ordinated ties. vicemen Who Commit Crimes implementation, and a stipu• Contrary to Their Duties, the lation that the law be implement• Reference Materials Regulations Regarding the Time ed in three months. When the Limit for Handling Criminal revised Enterprise Bankruptcy Between 1979 and September Cases, the Supplementary Regu• Law was submitted the third 7, 1990, the National People's lations for Punishment of Smug• time to the NPC Standing Com• Congress and its Standing Com• gling, the Supplementary Re• mittee for examination, it was mittee have enacted 94 laws and gulations on Punishment for adopted by a unanimous vote of adopted resolutions on the revi• Embezzlement and Bribes. 101 for, none against and nine sion of and amendment to 73 The laws on civil affairs in• abstentions. laws and resolutions concerning clude the Marriage Law, the In• Some laws of major import• legal matters. These 167 legisla• heritance Law, the Civil Pro• ance, in addition to review by the tive actions are more than the cedure Law, and the General NPC Standing Committee, have total number undertaken during Principles of Civil Law. to be submitted to the annual the past 30 years (1949-78). Economic laws include the National People's Congress for Laws concerning state organs Law on Chinese-Foreign Joint examination. The opinions of the include the Electoral Law of the Venture, the Income Tax Law NPC deputies are then taken National People's Congress and Concerning Chinese-Foreign into account in a follow-up eval• Local People's Congresses of the Joint Venture, the Individual In• uation. People's Republic of China, the come Tax Law, the Economic Contract Law, the Income Tax When the NPC Standing Com• Law of the People's Republic of Law Concerning Foreign Enter• mittee members and NPC de• China Governing Regional Na• prises, the Law on Sino-Foreign puties examine draft laws, the tional Autonomy, the Procedural Economic Contracts, the Law on Committee for the Legal Affairs Rules of the Standing Commit• tee of the PRC National People's Foreign-Capital Enterprises, the and department concerned must Statistics Law, the Accounting Congress, the Procedural Rules provide them with reference do• Law, the Law on Enterprise of the PRC National People's cuments, the subject matter of Bankruptcy, the Measurements Congress, and the organic laws which includes the areas covered Law, the Law on Industrial En• by the draft law, the basic situa• concerning the National People's terprises Owned by the Whole tion of the subject areas, current Congress, local people's congress• People, and the Law Concerning work being done in the areas, es, the central government, the Joint Venture With Chinese and problems that exist, related for• local governments, the court and Foreign Investment. eign laws and regulations, and the procuratorate. The laws concerning natur• the opinions collected from The laws concerning adminis• al resources and environmen• throughout the country. trative management include the tal protection include the Fores• In order to put into legislation Food Hygiene Law, the Law on try Law, the Law on Environ• and systemize the work of the Maritime Traffic Safety, the mental Protection, the Law on NPC Standing Committee and Law on the Administration of Maritime Environmental Protec• the National People's Congress, Medicine, the Regulations Con• tion, the Law on Water Pollution some new laws have been enact• cerning Resident ID Cards, the Prevention and Control, the Law ed in the last few years which Law on Control of the Entry and on Air Pollution Prevention and stipulate the regulations in force Exit of Aliens, the Regulations Control, the Grassland Law, the during discussions respectively for Penalizing Those Who Dis• Fishery Law, the Law Govern• by the National People's Con• rupt Public Security, the Fron• ing Mineral Resources, the Land gress, the NPC Standing Com• tier Health and Quarantine Law, Administration Law and the mittee and the meeting of the the Regulations Concerning Di• Water Law. NPC Standing Committee chair• plomatic Prerogatives and Im• The laws concerning culture, man and vice-chairmen. These munities, the Archives Law, the education and science and tech• laws guarantee that the National Law on Keeping State Secret, the nology include the Law for the People's Congress and its Stand• Law on Prevention and Treat• Protection of Cultural Relics, the ing Committee can examine ment of Contagious Disease, and Patent Law, the Compulsory Ed• draft laws and make decisions in the Law on Administrative Pro• ucation Law and the Regulations strict accordance with the princi- cedure. on Academic Degrees. •

BEIJING REVIEW, SEPTEMBER 17-23,1990 23 CHINA Nuclear Technology Boosts Agriculture

by Our Staff Reporter Liu Jianjun China has established a complete research and application system for nuclear agronomy. By using nuclear technology, the nation has taken the world lead with its remarkable progresses and achievements in the fields of improved crop variety, pest prevention and control, and food preservation.

he Chinese Nuclear Society the field which involves more methods are now the world's recently held a seminar in than 2,000 scientific research state of the art. Statistics indicate T Beijing on the application personnel. They have established that 325 improved varieties have of nuclear technology in agricul• variety laboratories with adv• been cultivated for 29 crops. Of ture. Scientists extensively ex• anced equipment and have be• these, 220 are grain crops, 36 cot• changed information on their gun to shift from pure scientific ton and oil-bearing crops and 69 scientific research, application research to production and mar• vegetables and fruits. Two-thirds and achievements. keting their products. of these varieties were developed Xu Guanren, nuclear agrono• after 1980. The number ranks mist and the founder of the Insti- Breeding New Varieties first in the world' total (518) and [ tute for the Application of Nu• is 3.2 times higher than Japan, clear Energy under the Chinese Outstanding achievements also a country with quite adv• Academy of Agricultural have been made in breeding and anced breeding technology. As of Science, concluded in his report cultivating new varieties of crops now, the land planted with these at the seminar: "Since China list• through nuclear irradiation and improved varieties has amounted ed the peaceful application of in stimulating production with to 130 million mu (15 mu=l hec• nuclear energy as a key develop• low doses of irradiation. China's tare), one-tenth of the acreage ment project in the late sown to the same crops in 1950s, particularly during A Y-iay gieenhouse in Heilongjiang Province China, 10 times over that of the ten years of reform and breeds pest-resistant farm crops under a closely 1975. Among these varieties, opening to the outside world monitored agricultural environment. Wl/ ZUZHEMC six have been sown to more I in the 1980s, rapid progress than 1,000 mu and 25 var- and notable results have icities have a growing area , been attained in China's nu• above 3 million mu. clear agronomy, enabling it The economic returns of 1 to lead the world in the area these new varieties are con• ! of technical application." siderable. Calculated by the Currently, China has most conservative standards, formed a rather complete experts estimate that 3.25 ! iiuclear agronomy scientific billion-4 billion kg of grain, I research and application sys• 150 million-200 million kg of tem. There are 26 institutes cotton and 50 million-75 mil• I for the application of nu• lion kg of oil-bearing crops clear energy in agriculture can be added annually to above the provincial level, the harvest. The increase in and nuclear agronomy socie• grain alone can bring an ad• ties have been set up in 21 ditional 3.25 billion yuan provinces and municipali• each year, 650 times as much ties. Moreover, there are as the 5 million yuan invest• more than 140 scientific re• ed by the state during the search institutes engaged in past decade.

24 BEIJING REVIEW, SEPTEMBER 17-23, 1990 CHINA For instance, the output of the shrimp eggs and larvae help further to 0.005 percent, a near cotton variety "Lu mian No.l" raise their incubation and survi• complete eradication of the prob• increased from 16,650 kg in 1979 val rate and boost their output lem. to 172,500 kg in 1984 and its by 20 percent. Marked results have also been growing area rose from 8.14 mil• Breeding technology through achieved in the prevention and lion mu to 26 million mu. the use of irradiation is at pre• control of other pests. Currently, The output of improved varie• sent applied to more than 70 the technology is shifting from ties of other crops such as maize, kinds of animals and plants. Its laboratory experiment to farm• wheat, paddy rice, soybean and use is expected to be further land application. Tremendous peanut all increased by a big promoted. economic returns and biological margin and their growing area benefits are expected after its ge• now makes up 70 to 90 percent of Pests Control neral adoption. the total producing area. These improved varieties China began to use the irradia• Food Preservation helped to enhance disease resist• tion technology to sterilize and ance and crop adaptability and wipe out insects in 1960. In a large agricultural country to shorten their growing periods. The technology is first used like China, how to keep the na• For example, the planting region to artificially propagate large tion's abundant farm and side• of soybean has extended to 52 amounts of pest and then to use line products fresh and extend degree north latitude. Its resist• Y-rays to destroy their reproduc• the storage life has become an ance to cold has been greatly in• tive capacity. The pests are then important research topic. The ap• creased and its planting region let into the environment to mate plication of nuclear technology has extended to 22 degree north with other pests. Their ovums has provided a new avenue for latitude from original 18 degree cannot be fertilized and they be• research in the field. north latitude. One variety of come extinct. In 1958, China began the re• wheat has combined resistance to The technology is cheap and search of nuclear irradiation of rust, powdery mildew and snow effective and avoids the prob• food and, particularly over the mould. The height of sunflower lems caused by pesticides. It is past decade, rapid progress has has been reduced to 80 cm and currently the only possible been made as research enters the bearing period to 85 days. A advanced biological prevention the commercialized production new variety of pear is able to method for destroying pests. stage. survive at a temperature of 35 China has used this technology According to Wang Chuanyao, degrees below zero Centigrade. to eliminate scores of pests, in• an expert in the field, there are Sweet potato series with a high cluding the maize-borer, pine more than 40 units and 200 peo• resistance to disease and a high moth, Heliothis armigera, Ar- ple in China engaged in this content of starch have been bred gyroploce schistaceara, magyot work, using 52 large food irra• through radiation of asexual re• silkworm fly, Plutella maculi- diation equipment. After anoth• production. Also, seedless, high- pennis, Tetradacus Citri and Plo- er ten are built, there will be a yielding orange varieties and a dia interpunctella in grain stor• commercial network of irradiat• variety of short-stalk chestnut age. ed food systems with the capaci• with more seeds in one bud were Notable achievements have ty for batch processing. bred. been made in controlling the Te• In the 1960s-70s, priority of Notable achievements have tradacus citri, a pest which rav• the research was given to also been made in animal prod• aged 80 percent of the citrus area grain, and positive results were uction through low doses of ira- in south China. The pest causes achieved. The storage periods of diation. For example, by admin• premature fruit drop. Artificial• wheat, rice and other grain crops istering low doses of rays and ly breeding of the pest began in were extended by one-third of neutron radiation, the vitality 1981. Tens of thousands of ova their original periods. In the and adaptability of silkworms were bred in laboratory, and 1980s, the research was expand• have been enhanced. The output 560,000 sterilized male flies were ed to herbs, meat, aquatic prod• of silkworm has increased an av• set free on 500-mit orange groves ucts, vegetables, fruits, medi• erage of 10 to 20 percent and silk in Huishui County, Guizhou cines, cigarettes, wine and quality obviously improved. To Province in 1987. The result was flowers. In 1984, the Ministry of date, this technology has been a drop in the affected area to 0.2 Public Health approved the san• promoted in more than ten prov• percent. In 1989, another 950,- itary standards required for ir- inces and municipalities. Low 000 such male flies were set free radicated potato, onion, rice, doses of irradiation on fish and and the insect pest rate dropped mushroom, peanut and sausage

BEIJING REVIEW, SEPTEMBER 17-23, 1990 25 CHINA and following this, fresh food als. In regards to fertilizer appli• and Agricultural Organization preserved with the irration tech• cation, it is a means of measuring and the International Atomic nology were put on the market. the state of soil fertilizer and its Energy Agency, said on a visit to The grain isotope irradiation influence on the growth of farm China, "There is no country in technology, internationally ack- and sideline products. In this the world like China which pos• nowleded, can kill pests in stored way, the variety and amount of sesses such a complete system of grain and extend the storage per• fertilizer can be properly de• nuclear technology application iod, reducing losses by more than cided. in agriculture. The results which 50 percent. This achievement has China began to research the China has achieved are quite been highly praised by experts use of tracing fertilizer applica• notable." and the International Atomic tion on farmland in the early Since China joined the IAEA Energy Agency (IAEA). En• 1960s and, as of now, has catego• in 1984, it has participated many trusted by the IAEA, Chinese rized more than 20 types of soil, times in the agency's activities research units studying the leth• each responding to a particular nuclear agronomy. Each year, al doses of irradiation on stored fertilizer with satisfying results, two or three Chinese experts at• grain pests and its affection to and obtained hundreds of exper• grain. tend the agency's training cours• imental data. For example, each es, and China has hosted interna• Irradiation of chicken meat type of crop has a different re• tional conferences and seminars can extend its storage life to 45 quirement for phosphate fertiliz• days at a room temperature of on food storage, pest sterili• er and only with a proper dose zation, breeding through irradia• 25 to 30 degrees Centigrade, 11 will the crop grow rapidly, or times longer than natural stor• tion and the application of neu• else the result will be counter• tron technology. age period, without any obvious productive. change in the nutrition value. In By 1989, China had been Tracer technology indicates awarded nearly 30 IAEA con• 1987, an expert from the Feder• that phosphate fertilizer on the al Republic of Germany agreed tracts to develop agricultural re• surface of rape soil brings not• that the method was feasible af• search, and a training centre able result but that it is a waste ter sampling some radiated food. has been established in Zhejiang for paddy rice. Deep fertilization Province. Irradiated bpan products can on paddy field brings an average China has hosted many offi• be kept 10 days at a room tem• increase of output of 5 to 12 per• perature of 25 to 30 degrees Cen• cent and an increase of fertilizer cials and scientists from more tigrade. Irradiation of cigarettes utilization rate by 20 percent. than ten countries who came effectively prevents them from To date the area using this to receive training or on fact• becoming mildewed and elimi• finding tours. China has also nates a breeding site for insects. technology has reached 66.5 mil• lion mu, and the grain output has provided training courses for At present, dozens of foods are scientific research personnel being researched and it appears been raised by 1.66 billion kg. The adoption of rational fertil• from other countries. Some that the technology will be in• Chinese experts have been invit• creasingly promoted in the years. izer application proportion has also increased the output of oth• ed abroad to give lectures or to er .products. For instance, apple participate in scientific research Use of Fertilizers harvests increased an average of activities. Chen Ziyuan, pres• ident of the Zhejiang Agricultur• An expert of the Atomic Re• 10 percent and orange by 70 kg al University, was invited by the search Institute of the Chinese per mu. the IAEA as an adviser. Pro• Academy of Agricultural Experts predict that 20 million Science said that even though tons of fertilizer can be saved fessor Xu Guanren, a nuclear China applies 85 million tons of each year as the technology is agronomist, went to the United fertilizer each year, the utiliza• promoted in wider areas. States in June 1990 to attend a tion rate is just one-third of this seminar and report on the pro• amount. The application of the Co-operation gress made by China in this field. nuclear isotope tracing technolo• As China opens its door wider gy has been proved to be helpful Since the 1980s, China has to the outside, it will not only in the rational application of fer• strengthened its ties with other import and absorb foreign adv• tilizer. nations in the field of nuclear anced technology and equip• The technology uses radioac• agro-technology. ment, but also continue to export tive isotope to track the revolve• In 1982, M. Fried, head of the its own research achievements ment and distribution of materi• combined office of the UN Food and products. •

26 BEIJING REVIEW, SEPTEMBEB 17-23, 1990 FROM THE CHINESE PRESS to play religious music. Apart from Beijing's First lecturing to friends, they also attend Causes of various religious activities. Group of New Nuns (Issue No. 2, 1990) Wage Increases GUANGMING RIBAO XiNSHIJI (Guangming Daily) (New Century) ince 1978, Chinese workers have ince 1980, China has reopened seen major increases in their or established 11 Catholic theo• wages. Many factors have logical colleges and preparatory played a role in this including the Sschools. More than 20 provinces, au• Potala Palace following: tonomous regions and municipalities A decade of wage hikes. From 1978 have initiated primary schools for ed• Repair Project to 1988, the workers' wages nearly ucating nuns. There are more than doubled, surpassing the 29.4 percent 1,000 devoted nuns and Catholic stu• RENMIN RIBAO increase in wages over the 25-year per• iod between 1952 and 1977. Discount• dents studying at these institutes or (People's Daily, Overseas Edition) ing price hikes, the actual average in• schools. f-w^he first phase of renovation to crease between 1978 and 1988 was Now Beijing has produced its first I the Potala Palace in Tibet has 50.7 percent and 4.2 percent for the group of educated nuns. Ranging in M passed quality examination by annual increase as compared with a age from 23 to 28, the seven nuns the relevant department. Luo Zhewen, 4 percent increase between 1952 and have just graduated from the St. Jo• a senior engineer who authorized the 1977 and an annual increase of 0.16 seph Convent. renovation project for the Great Wall, percent. The seven all passed entrance ex• considers the work at Potala Palace Changes in wage increase system. aminations in September 1985. After "satisfactory." Ten years ago, the state government physical examination and an inter• The three-phase project has a total was responsible for over-all increases view, they were enrolled in the college state investment budget of 35 million in the wages of workers. During this along with other five. A year later, yuan. The just completed first phase period, most enterprises exercised a due to the strict restraints on future floating wage system whereby wages involves the reenforcement of the un• reflected the efficiency of enterprises. life, only seven remained. derground channel at northern side of For personnel in state organs and in• Routines of campus life were not the White Palace, a repair to the two- stitutions, a system in which their sa• easy for them. Getting up at 5:00, the storey Wangkang (the place for Abhi- laries were related to their position nuns participate in meditation. Mass, secana, a Buddhist rite for ordination was adopted. self-examination, read three classics purpose), repairs to the Buddhist Wages influenced by price hikes. and attend classes during the day. scriptures and garments halls at the During the 27 years from 1950 to Their curriculum covers classes in Red Palace, the water pump house 1977, the cost of living grew by only Catholic Principles, Bible, English, and the Puncog Duilang Ladder. The 43.7 percent, averaging 1.35 percent Chinese, Current Affairs, Embroidery northern wall at the eastern hall of annually. But in the ten years between and Physical Training. They are able the White Palace has also been reen- 1978 and 1988, it grew 88.5 percent or to participate in fencing, rhyming and forced. 6.5 percent annually. Therefore, wage other physical training classes, not During the process of repairing, ex• increases over the decade were partly calling it a day until 9:00 at night. perts of ancient architecture have suc• offset by price hikes. cessfully preserved murals totalling Increase in individual savings. Be• Students live a collective life and tween 1978 and 1988, savings deposits practise a supply system. Each stu• 93.8 square metres and washed a total shot up 17.16 times to 265.92 billion dent enjoys a monthly 40-yuan sti• of 126 square metres outmoded mur• yuan in 1988 from 15.49 billion yuan pend, however a portion of the stipend als. Experts of the Institute of Wood in 1978. That represented an annual is used for a common fund. They Industry under the Chinese Academy increase of 32.88 percent. Cash in usually dress themselves in white of Forest Sciences have specifically hand grew by 12.94 times, up 29.18 shirts and black skirt. Gray Western processed antiseptic and pestfree tim• percent annually. garments and nun habits are provided ber to use in the repair of wood frame• Increase in income from sources oth• free of charge, so they need only buy works in the palace. er than wages. The proportion of work• their daily necessities. A white quilt Meanwhile, workers have tried ers' income from sources other than and some religious paintings decorate their best to preserve the cultural rel• wages increased 13.34 times to 63.5 their dormitory rooms. They have ics during the renovating of the pa• billion yuan from 4.76 billion yuan, or chosen to be a nun for various reasons. lace. Relics at each site were wrapped, 29.57 percent annually. Some are devotees of religious faiths, documented or moved to insure their Increase in citizens' incomes from some are influenced by family and protection. More than 4,000 movable the state and other sources. In 1988, some choose the life of a nun for other this type of income nearly tripled to relics loaded in 90 boxes have been 55.99 billion yuan from 19.85 billion personal reasons. transported to safe locations. yuan in 1978. That represented an an• After completing their primary ed• The first-phase work is a funda• nual increase of 10.9 percent annually ucation, they will further their spe• mental one. The repairs of the Red and was 15.3 percent of the total in• cific professions in nursing, English, Palace and the Lingta Hall will be come of both urban and rural resi• cooking and sewing. One will act as a more laborious undertaking in the dents, or about 24 percent of each an assistant to the dean helping with coming three years. worker's total wage volume. some administrative affairs and learn (August 27. 1990) (July 7. 1990)

BEIJING REVIEW, SEPTEMBER 17-23, 1990 27 BUSINESS/TRADE brisk. Foreign funds were used, ment will be held in the China Projects Seek for example, to set up Jidong, World Trade Centre. At the Foreign Ningguo and Shunchang ce• same time, trade talks will ment factories each with an an• be held and technological ex• Partnership nual output of 1.2 million tons changes conducted. of cement and to establish more by Yao Jianguo Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan than 50 foreign-funded enter• compatriots and foreign bus• prises with a total offshore in• inessmen are invited to set up vestment of US$500 million. their own factories, share facto• The Shanghai Yaohua Pilking- ries and conduct compensatory ton Glassworks, for instance, ex• Better Supply for trade with mainland partners in ported 62 percent of its output 71 economic and technological in 1989 for a value of US$38 Joint Ventures projects specially designed to at• million. This represented an tract foreign investment. The outstanding foreign investment The supply of materials and projects were announced in Bei• in China. In addition, the build• equipment of more than 20,000 jing on September 4 by Zhang ing materials industry invested foreign-invested enterprises is Renwei, deputy director of the US$2 billion to introduce adv• expected to improve in the com• State Bureau of Building Mater• anced foreign technology and ing years, according to a report ials Industry. equipment to update outdated by the Ministry of Materials The projects involve cement, enterprises. This resulted in an and Equipment and approved glass, glass fibre, non-metal ore, increase of export ability of recently by the State Council. new building materials, inor• building materials industry. At present, almost all raw and ganic non-metal materials and Statistics indicate that the semi-finished materials, fuel, building ceramics. They are in 1989 gross output value of Chi• machines, electrical appliances accordance with the state indus• na's building materials industry and other materials needed by trial policy and the development reached 54 billion yuan, 1.5 Chinese enterprises involving programme of building materi• times the 1980 figure. Its export foreign investments are domest• als and have the potential for value was US$1 billion in 1989, ically produced. good economic returns. and is expected to reach US$2.5 As these materials and equip• Also announced are 58 pro• billion in 1995. ment are in small number and jects whose technology and Zhang said that there are various varieties^ some are diffi• equipment for production of ce• many favourable conditions in cult to purchase and suppliers ment and their products, glass expansion of economic and tech• are hard to find in some areas. and glass fibre, building sani• nological co-operation with for• All these affect the normal tary ceramic, new building ma• eign countries in the building production. terials and artificial crystals will materials industry. China is rich The report calls upon all ma• be exported. The patent right, in mineral resources and has a terial and equipment depart• patent applicant right and pa• wider sales market both at home ments to bring into play any ad• tent implementation permission and abroad. In addition, the vantage for improvement of the can be transferred; the technol• state has designated the industry supply of materials and equip• ogy for research, development, as a major one which can use ment in two or three years. They production and directions of foreign funds in order to sup• should provide as much of the these products will be trans• port agriculture. raw and semi-finished materials ferred; complete sets of equip• In order to boost the building needed as possible to foreign- ment, major facilities and prod• materials industry, Zhang ad• invested enterprises which uction lines will also be exported ded, the 4th Sino-Japanese China can offer. They also and; further co-operation may Building Materials Exchange should study the demands of | be carried out in production, de• Meeting will be held in Tokyo these enterprises for additional sign, development and construc• in November this year. The two material and equipment and de• tion contracted projects. sides will negotiate the establish• liver or allot them in order to Over the past decade, eco• ment of cement and glass joint establish, step by step, stable nomic and technological co• ventures; at the end of Novem• supply relations. operation between China's ber, the Exhibition of Interna• The report also proposes that building materials sector and tional Construction Technology, enterprises, in principle, should foreign countries has been very Building Materials and Equip• import raw and semi-finished

28 BEIJING REVIEW; SEPTEMBER 17-23, 1990 BUSINESS / TRADE materials in short domestic sup• Statistics indicate that 88.23 nation capacity. Statistics indi• ply for producing export goods. percent of major import goods cate that in the first half this If this is difficult, they can en• were up to standard during the year the value of inspected im• trust foreign trade companies or first half of this year, a 1.46 port and export products respec• materials and equipment com• percent rise over the same per• tively accounted for 80 and 50 panies of foreign-invested enter• iod last year. The quality of percent of China's total foreign prises which have right to im• complete sets of imported mach• trade. • port goods with imports of ma• inery and electrical equipment, terials and equipment they need. household electrical appliances, The report also says that in pig iron, paper, timber and ply• order to help these enterprises wood, for example, has im• with imports of raw and semi• proved. Taiwan Applies for finished materials^^the materi• Although the quality did im• als and equipment ©ompanies of prove overall, there was still a More Trade Marks foreign-invested enterprises in drop in quality in 15 out of the coastal areas at the provin• 112 major exports. Low quality, According to the State Ad• cial or city level are empowered damaged, substandard and ad• ministration for Industry and to import materials and equip• ulterated goods were common• Commerce, the Chinese govern• ment. These companies are un• place. All 200 tons of smoken ment in 1989 accepted 1,350 ap• der the leadership of local eco• sheet rubber imported in March plications for trade mark regis• nomic and trade departments. • this year by the Huangpu port in trations from Taiwan, 650 more Guangdong Province, for inst• than the 1988 figure. Applica• ance, were below the standards tions reached 811 in the first stipulated in the contract. In• half of this year. spection authorities produced An administration official Better Quality of examination certificates and re• noted that China always wel• Imports & Exports quired that the foreign firm pay comes Taiwan businessmen to for the loss. Incomplete statistics apply for trade mark registra• indicate that 14 provinces and Zhu Zhenyuan, director of tions on the mainland. Such re• cities including Liaoning and gistration allows them to enjoy the State Administration for the Jiangsu province, Shanghai and the same treatment as their Inspection of Import and Export Tianjin cities were compensated mainland compatriots. Commodities, said in Beijing on some US$12.5 million from for• The fact that China in 1989 August 29 that since the law on eign countries in the first quart• joined the Madrid Agreement inspection of import and export er this year. on International Trade Mark commodities was implemented In order to guarantee product Registration not only provided a on August 1 last year, the qual• quality, China formulated and favourable and effective chan• ity of both import and export revised 19 necessary laws and nel for mainland enterprises to goods has improved steadily. regulations over the past year, Over the first half of this year, increasing the varieties of both apply for trade mark registra• commodity inspection depart• import and export goods to be tions in foreign countries but ments examined export products inspected from 375 to 481. As of also offered Taiwanese the con• worth US$11.85 billion, an in• May 1 this year, China started a venience of applying for inter• crease of 39.1 percent over the quality licence system governing national trade mark registra• same period last year. Of this nine import products including tion, the official said. figure, 96.45 percent of the automobiles, motors and en• Statistics indicate that 989 out goods were up to standard. Dur• gines, refrigerators and com• of more than 2,800 applications ing the first half of last year, for pressors, air conditioners and made by Taiwanese for trade example, there was a dramatic compressors, TV sets (colour or mark registrations on the main• drop in quality of nine export black and white) and products land have been approved since goods such as canned pork, to• crucial for safety, health and en• 1988. bacco, mountain products, cot• vironment protection. A total of Industrial and commercial au• ton, drawnwork, nonferrous me• 24 new state commodity inspec• thorities on the mainland are tals, medicine, silk and washing tion laboratories and a batch of ready to set up a trade mark machines. The quality of these local laboratories have been ap• agency in Hong Kong on behalf products has improved. proved so as to increase exami• of Taiwan businesses who wish

BEIJING REVIEW, SEPTEMBER 17-23, 1990 29 BUSINESS/TRADE to apply for mainland trade the first stage of a project at the for discussing geophysics and mark registration. • Jungar Opencut Coal Mine, In• geochemistry and a display of ner Mongolia, the largest of its exploration instruments, equip• kind in China, were issued at the ment and computer software end of August this year. and hardware. The Beijing Smugglers Foiled The Jungar Coalfield is the Computation Centre of the Min• second project set up by China istry of Geology and Mineral In Their Attempts using Japanese energy loans. Resources, organizer of the Under the agreement, the ne• meeting, successfully arranged During the first half of this cessary equipment may be pur• the Beijing '89 International year, China's customs houses chased abroad using an unlimit• Symposium on Exploration of uncovered and seized 280 mil• ed purchase form. Geophysics last year. lion yuan contraband connected with some 6,000 smuggling at• Located in the eastern part • The 8th National State tempts, respectively up 160 per• of the Jungar Banner of Ih Ju Farm Produce Exhibition will cent and 6 percent over the cor• League, the Inner Mongolia Au• be held in the Beijing Agricul• responding period last year. Of tonomous Region, the Jungar tural Exhibition Centre from the total number of cases, 56 Coalfield stretches 65 kilo• September 23 to October 5. On major ones each involved more metres from north to south and display will be thousands of than 1 milKon yuan and 195 cas• 21 kilometres wide from east to products including new prod• es have been brought to justice. west. There is an exploration ucts, local specialities and name- Of the smuggled goods, the area of 1,365 square kilometres, brand products which enjoy amount of videorecorders and into which some 4.14 billion brisk sales on the international yuan has been and will be in• nylon cloth decreased 79 percent market. With an exhibition area vested. A total reserve of 26.2 and 60 percent compared with of 21,030 square metres, it is the billion tons of coal had been the same period last year, while largest display of its kind ever found by the end of 1986. television sets (colour, black and held. white) increased 180 percent. The first stage of construction • All judges of the 11th Asian The amount of filter tip cigar• includes the 12- million-ton Hei- ettes also tended to increase. For daigou Opencut Coal Mine, a Games will stay in the Beijing example, 1,300 tons of such fil• large coal-dressing factory; a Xin Dadu Hotel which will open ter tips worth 58 million yuan 200,000 kw power plant; a on the eve of the games. were dug out at the Jiulong, 216-kilometre electrified rail• A modern four-star hotel, Xin Guangzhou, Shantou and Tu- way between Fengtian Town Dadu is an extension of the Bei• men checkpoints alone. In addi• and Jungar; and a water div• jing Dadu Hotel. After its reno• tion, a total of 27 million yuan ersion project from the Yellow vation and expansion, the hotel foreign materials were captured River and other necessary pro• has 400 guest rooms (suites) in• by June this year. jects. The first-stage project is cluding single, double standard Goods, about to be smuggled expected to begin operation in and luxury rooms and presiden• out, include cuhural relics, for• 1993 and reach the designed tial suites. For the convenience eign currencies and cotton tex• output capacity in 1995. • of domestic and foreign busi• tiles. In April, the Guangzhou nessmen travelling in connec• Customs House discovered that tion with their work, all rooms a Hong Kong driver hid more are equipped with international than 2,200 pieces of historical direct dial telephones. The hotel relics in a freight car, of vyhich News in Brief has satellite dishes and can 1,839 were legally banned from receive commercial broadcasts export. • from the United States. • Sponsored by the China Geological Society (CGS) and Located in western Beijing, the COGS of the United States, Xin Dadu Hotel is only several the international symposium hundred metres from China's Jungar Coalfield to and exhibition on the "Applica• eight largest import and export Import Facilities tion of Computers in Geology" companies under the Ministry will be held in Beijing from Sep• of Foreign Economic Relations Invitations regarding the im• tember 2 to 6, 1991. and Trade. It is an ideal place to port of equipment needed for The meeting will be a forum stay for foreign businessmen. •

30 BEIJING REVIEW, SEPTEMBER 17-23, 1»90 TOURISM

and Horses, there are more in num• is thriving. He added that the com• Tourist Attractions ber. pany carried more than 328,144 In Shaanxi Kong said that there are four people to various areas through• main tourist routes from the north, out China during the first seven uring the autumn tourist east, south and west leading to months of this year. By the end of peak, Shaanxi has introd• Xian. The four routes provide a 1990 the number of travellers is ex• D uced a number of tourist at• scenic journey which does credit to pected to reach 680,000, double tractions, including: the natural landscape of the nor• that of the previous year. —From September 1 to the end thwest plateau. Established in April 1985, Drago• of October, at the First Exhibition In recent years, tourist facilities nair opened its first airline to Xia• Hall of the Museum of the Qin in Shaanxi have continued to im• men in November that year. Dra- Dynasty, tourists can appreciate prove. The newly built Xianyang gonair's Beijing branch is its largest Terracotta Warriors and Horses by Airport at which large Boeing 747s resident airline company overseas. standing on a floating bridge and can land is expected to operate on by Han Baocheng have their pictures taken. a trial basis by the end of the year. —From October 7 to 15, a fire• At present, some 24 tourist hotels China's Largest works display will be held in Xian. with more than 6,000 guest rooms At the same time, folk art perform• have been completed in Xian. Garden Hotel ances with a rich northwest nation• China's Northwest Airline Com• t 11 o'clock on September 1 al flavour will be given in the city pany, one of the six largest air• this year, the opening cere• square for the entertainment of lines in the country, has opened a A mony was held for the Build• travellers. Gunpowder is one of branch in Beijing to handle domes• ing of Distinguished Guests at the China's greatest inventions and tic and international passenger and Beijing Friendship Hotel (origin• fireworks manufactured in Xian cargo business. ally the main building). Standing have long had a reputation by Han Baocheng Member of the Advisory Commis• throughout the country. • sion of the Central Committee —Since August 26, the ruins of of the Chinese Communist Party the common bathing pool located Dragonair in Zhang Jinf u and other leaders were in Huaqing Palace, built during the Beijing present to cut the ceremonious red Tang Dynasty (618-907), has been ribbon. open to visitors. According to re• Beijing branch affiliated to Thanks to the late Chinese Pre• corded history, Yang Yuhuan, a fa• the Hong Kong-based Dra• mier Zhou Enlai, the Friendship vourite imperial concubine of Em• A gonair Co. went into busi• Hotel was built in 1954 and has peror Li Longji, came here fre• ness recently at the China World since been a main residence for for• quently to bathe. During the period Trade Centre in Beijing. eign experts and guests in Beijing. of 712-756, when the emperor was As of now, the company's planes When China began to carry out the on the throne, the Tang Dynasty are permitted to fly to 30 cities policy of reform and opening to the experienced ups and downs. The throughout China, and eight air• outside world in 1979, the hotel as love story of the emperor and con• lines have been put into service. In of 1984 collected the funds neces• cubine is a household word in addition to scheduled flights from sary to renovate the internal facili• China. Hong Kong to Beijing, flights to ties of five large buildings and 50 apartments in order to meet the Kong Qingsen, director of the Dalian, Kunming, Shanghai, and demands of the developing tourist Shaanxi Provincial Tourist Admin• Xiamen are also provided. The business. istration, said that Shaanxi is one company also arranges chartered of the birthplaces of China's cultur• flights to such places as Guilin, Now the hotel boasts 1,900 al heritage. Eleven dynasties, last• Haikou and Nanjing. When the ex• suites. The new Building of Distin-. pansion of Hangzhou Airport is guished Guests is up to the state ing at least more than 1,100 years, level of a four-star hotel. made Xian or the vicinity their finished, it will have flights to that capital. Its long history has left nu• city too. To salute the XI Asian Games, merous precious cultural relics and the hotel has installed some mod• Jerry Penwarden, chief operat• ern service facilities for the high- historical legacies in the area. ing officer of the company, said level hotel. In the courtyards of the While the Qin Dynasty Terracotta that the main task of the company Friendship Hotel with the Village Warriors and Horses unearthed in is to carry guests from Hong Kong Garden, Su Garden, Yi Garden, Ya 1974 caused a sensation throughout and Southeast Asian countries as Garden and Central Flowers Gar• the world, it is reported that anoth• well as Taiwanese who travel and den, hundreds of trees, flowers and er discovery of pottery figures from visit their relatives and friends on lawns are luxuriously green. The the early Han Dynasty can be China's mainland or on business hotel will provide a unique garden- traced back to more than 2,100 purposes. Now that the new Boeing style living quarters to friends years. Although not as big as the 737-200A planes are in use, it from various countries during the Qin Dynasty Terracotta Warriors shows that the company's business XI Asian Games. • J BEIJING REVIEW, SEPTEMBER 17-23,1990 31 CULTURE / SCIENCE Drama Reflects Contemporary Rural Life nly half an hour before day in a country village during on in the city. He gives the folks curtain rises there are still the 1980s. a chance to listen to some funer• O a large group of anxious At the crack of dawn, farm• al music which he mistakenly people strolling outside the Bei• ers and various pedlars appear, calls a popular song. After this, jing People's Art Theatre hoping shouting and rushing to a fair at a number of health inspectors for a chance to buy last minute the head of the village. Honest and tax collectors come to the cancelled tickets. Each time this Old Wang is at his stall prepar• restaurant and are treated to an theatre stages or restages a good ing to sell melons, and a small extravagent meal with plenty of play this is sure to happen. This restaurant, the Dongya, is busy drinks. When the county head, time the play Field ... Field is setting up for its first day of who happens to be passing by, about village life in China's nor• business. The deputy village sees this, he criticizes the cadres theast. Audiences numbering cadre Chang, out to fulfil his severely. In the evening, farmers about 40,000 people have seen duty, disregards circumstances tired after a day's work come in this drama during the 45 per• and asks Old Wang, whose prof• and sit down at the tea tables to formances staged and enjoyed it its are meagre enough, to regis• watch a performance of local op• immensely. One member of the ter as a "millionaire" private era. Lao Diao of the tax bureau audience who came from the businessman, then makes him claims the tea tables are doing countryside in Jilin in the nor• donate money towards educa• illegal business because they theast wrote in a letter to the tion in the village. Uneducated were not licensed, and he has the People's Art Theatre, "It seems private business "millionaire" electricity cut off. Farmers still as if the story in your play took Deaf Ba returns from a visit to interested in the performance place just where I live." Beijing and excitedly tells villa• move to a vacant spot in the The Beijing People's Art gers about the marvelous goings village to continue listening to Theatre has always tak• the opera. en seriously to mod• Field ... Field. Playwright Li Jie said, ern and contemporary "We selected this ordi• themes, among which nary day from among dramas on rural life many in the lives of make up the major pro• country folk related typ• portion. After Wedding ical events that happen and Funeral in 1984, and in a single day, using the Gouerye's Nirvana in real simple language of 1986, it now performs the people. It gives Field ... Field. People the audience food for call these "a trilogy on thought." Director Lin rural life." Zhaohua said, "In this Wedding and Funeral 'random structure' play, tells about the contrad• we didn't deliberately ictions arising from dif• build up a complete, de• ferent views village folk tailed story, but artisti• have towards marriage, cally let it reveal on the love and funerals in stage the various phen• north China's villages. omena of complicated Gouerye 's Nirvana, with village life which take Grandpa Gouerye as place on an ordinary the main character, tells day." This play was about the lives of rural praised by the critics people of various strata who likened it to River• between the end of the side Scene at Qingming 1940s and mid-1980s. Festival, a large famous Field ... Field describes genre painting of the the happenings of one Song Dynasty, depicting

32 BEIJING REVIEW, SEPTEMBER 17-23, 1990 CULTURE / SCIENCE people of various social strata on Art Theatre are experienced at. a large willow tree provides a holiday in the capital city Bian- Teashop, Dragon Beard Ditch, simple but strong village atmos• liang. The painting shows many Top Restaurant, Xiaojing Lane, phere. figures, men and women, old and others performed by the To prepare for rehearsals, over and young, a teashop, wine shop, theatre also had casts of as many 50 persons on the Field ... Field merchants, ships, carts and so as 40 to 50 actors and actresses. cast went to live in the heart of on. The composition is life-like, To cater to the needs of the a rural community in Jilin Prov• complicated and highly origin• stage, the director boldly over• ince for some time last spring. al. Specialists think that Field ... threw some traditions during the This was, as they put it, "to ex• Field, with the help of concrete performance to make the play perience life." This is also a long and real figures, reflects the more realistic and more lively. tradition of the People's Art contradictions between modern For example, according to gener• Theatre. Nearly every play re• Chinese farmers and their deep- al stage etiquette, actors should flecting real life has passed rooted culture as they are swept avoid turning their backs to the through a rigorous stage of "ex• along in the great tide of re• audience. But in this play, two periencing life." "Only by un• form and opening to the outside kept their backs to the audience derstanding life can one express world. The drama shows them in for quite a long time, one, a life," says an actor. search of a new life, but full of woman fruit vendor and the oth• by Liu Zhangchun hesitations and uncertainty as er, a cobbler. What is more, they strive ahead into the future. usually props are used to repre• sent animals on the stage, but New Progress in Field... Field is a "group play" here a real donkey, a dog and a Corrosion Science on a broad canvas. Sometimes sheep are used. Famous film di• over 70 characters appear on the rector Dong Daoming said, "The n 1989, the Beijing Heat and stage, including farmers, ven• playwright and director of this Power Plant found some of dors, private businessmen, vil• play wanted to make the action I its oil pipes leaking be• lage cadres, entrepreneurs, gov• more realistic and to create a cause of corrosion. Then the ernment officials, cobblers, folk refreshing and stimulating ef• Shenyang-based Institute of Cor• fect." rosion and Protection of Metals pharmacists, pig breeders and so under the Chinese Academy of on, all bearing their distinc• The stage design is also very Sciences and the Bohai Petro• tive occupational characteristics. special. There are things woven leum Designing Company were Pferforming such a group play with rice straw. The melon stall invited to make an investiga• which involves so many charac• and restaurant are made of tion into the corrosion. Scien• ters is a technique the People's maize and sorghum stalks, while tists consulted the corrosion data of metals in different types of soil collected by the institute, and made a trial excavation. They found the leaks in spots where the oil had permeated the earth layer to only 20 cm below the surface and prevented a ser• ious accident. Corrosion by atmosphere, sea- water and soil is harmful to hu• man beings. According to in• complete statistics compiled through surveys by the Ministry of Petroleum Industry on Chi• na's 12 oil fields from 1978 to 1980, some 1,0130 holes in the pipelines were caused by corro• sion, resulting in an economic loss of 8 million yuan. The An- shan Iron and Steel Com• pany, China's largest, suffered

BEIJING REVIEW, SEPTEMBER 17-23,1990 33 CULTURE/SCIENCE

a 67.21-million-yuan damage, Now the institute is doing re• held in Zibuo city, Shandong about 5 percent of the company's search on a new kind of inhibitor Province from September 5 to yearly profit. Experts estimate that can resist the corrosion of 11. Businessmen from other that each year China suffers a carbon dioxide for the North parts of China and other coun• direct damage of 14 billion yuan China Oil Field. The oil field tries, as well as Hong Kong and because of corrosion, almost 2 once had to suspend operation of Macao were invited to attend. percent of the country's total one productive well because of Zibuo is known as one of Chi• output value. the corrosion by carbon dioxide. na's five largest ceramics prod• The Shenyang Institute of To prolong the life span of uction bases. Its ceramics histo• Corrosion and Protection of Me• machines and reduce corrosion ry dates back 4,000-5,000 years. tals is the first of its kind in is one of the most important of The city also has a history of China. The Environmental Cor• the institute's research items. coloured glaze production of rosion Research Group of the The multi-functional laser pro• more than 600 years. Zibuo's institute has successfully graded cessing lathe can have laser pro• ceramics and glazed products the corrosivity of 41 kinds of soil cessing on the inside and surface have enjoyed outstanding fame after surveying and accumulat• of various parts especially on the both within the country and ing relevant data on soil corro• motor cylinders whose life span abroad. sion, providing a scientific basis can be doubled. During the festival, in addi• for engineering work and corro• The laser processing lathe has tion to an exhibition of ceramic sion control in underground pro• processed the cylinders sent by and glazed products and trade jects. the Changchun No.l Motor Fac• talks, there were academic sym• China is the world's No.l coal tory and the Capital Taxi Com• posiums on ceramics and col• producer. However, with the de• pany and the results are out• oured glaze, competitions in de• velopment of industry, large standingly satisfactory. For ex• sign, decoration and variety of quantities of corrosive gases like ample, after 30,000 kilometres ceramics and glazed products, sulfur dioxide have seriously running, abrasion on the cylin• an autumn lantern festival, folk arts show and camp-fire party. polluted the air and resulted in ders of a car engine is only 0.005 acid rain which increases the mm. Experts say that if the * * * rate of corrosion. As a result, a technology is applied to China's A dragon lantern festival pre• great deal of equipment has been 200,000 cars of the same kind, sented by Wuhan, Hubei Prov• damaged because of corrosion, US$20 million in foreign curren• ince, began on July 24 in Taor- causing minor problems such as cy can be saved for the country. anting Park for the entertain• leakage of oil, air and water, or by Wei Liming ment of Beijing audiences. To even serious accidents. There• celebrate the opening of the 11th fore it is very important to stu• Asian Games, the festival will dy the air pollution in a certain News in Brief continue until October 10. The area. At present the institute is 56 groups of decorative coloured drawing up an atmosphere cor• The shooting squads of eight lanterns made by folk artists in rosion graphic map of Liaoning feature films such as The Wuhan transformed the park Province and an atmosphere cor• Grand Founding Ceremony, into a wonderland. rosion graphic map of Hainan three TV series such as After Province, and is studying acid Marriage, and six short TV * * * rain corrosion on materials in pieces such as The Last Moment China's first four-way laser re• southwestern China. of Bainqen Erdini Qoigy Gyain- cord was recently produced by The corrosion inhibitors suc• cain won Gallant Horse Awards. the China Huayi Audio and Vi• cessfully created at the institute The activity was sponsored by deo Co. Ltd. The first series have solved corrosion problems the Film and TV Journalists As• named Sing Along includes 48 in the country's economic con• sociation under the China Jour• popular Chinese songs. The com• struction. For years the institute nalists Association, the China pany is preparing to present applied its inhibitors to the heat Film Distribution Company and more at a later time and will supplying pipes in Fushun city, the Film Bureau of the Ministry offer traditional Chinese artistic Liaoning Province, enabling the of Radio, Film and Television. pieces from opera and quyi (folk city to save over 10 million yuan art forms including ballad sing• each year. This achievement * * * ing, story telling, comic dia• won a second-class award of the China Zibuo Ceramics and logues, clapper talks, cross Chinese Academy of Sciences. Coloured Glaze Festival was talks). •

34 BEIJING REVIEW, SEPTEMBER 17-23, 1990 ART PAQE

An Ancient Peasant Uprising. mm

A Gathering of Lions. Snuff Bottle Paintings

These paintings are drawn on the inside walls of transparent snuff bottles. The painter Zhang Guangqing is a skilled artist born in Jining City, Shandong Province in 1948. He can draw many vivid figures of people and animals in a bottle of less than three square centimetres. His works are highly praised at home and abroad. Ancient Figure An Old Story. Chinese Trumpet Creeper: Trueran Gauze

Cloth woven and made by good-quality trueran and natural cotton yarn: I\ire terylene products include two-ply, three-ply and four-ply skein and cheese; Trueran blended gauze has a variety of mixed ratios: Trueran yarn includes varied counts of carded, combed single-ply and two-ply as well as the waxed-cheese; Trueran yarn includes grey cotton, bleached cloth, dyed cloth printed or dyed shining. Our variety of fabrics include fine cloth, fine spun, poplin, voile, seersucker, linen, Oxford spun, yarn spun fabric, drills, khaki drills, jacquard, brocade and corduroy. The printed and dyed products made from trueran are rich in colour, bright, original and beautiful in style. Through resin firiishing, they are durable, crease-resistant, waterproof and have as beautiful imitation silk treatment. Being smooth, soft and comfortable to wear, they are a favourite with customers and sell well throughout the world.

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