Design and Fabrication of a Triple-Band Terahertz Metamaterial Absorber
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Calculation and Measurement of Bianisotropy in a Split Ring Resonator Metamaterial ͒ David R
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS 100, 024507 ͑2006͒ Calculation and measurement of bianisotropy in a split ring resonator metamaterial ͒ David R. Smitha Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University, P.O. Box 90291, Durham, North Carolina 27708 and Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093 Jonah Gollub Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093 Jack J. Mock Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University, P.O. Box 90291, Durham, North Carolina 27708 Willie J. Padilla Los Alamos National Laboratory, MS K764, MST-10, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545 David Schurig Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University, P.O. Box 90291, Durham, North Carolina 27708 ͑Received 2 June 2005; accepted 5 June 2006; published online 21 July 2006͒ A medium that exhibits artificial magnetism can be formed by assembling an array of split ring resonators ͑SRRs͒—planar conducting elements that exhibit a resonant response to electromagnetic radiation. The SRR exhibits a large magnetic dipole moment when excited by a magnetic field directed along its axis. However, the SRR also exhibits an electric response that can be quite large depending on the symmetry of the SRR and the orientation of the SRR with respect to the electric component of the field. So, while the SRR medium can be considered as having a predominantly magnetic response for certain orientations with respect to the incident wave, it is generally the case that the SRR exhibits magnetoelectric coupling, and hence a medium of SRRs arranged so as to break mirror symmetry about one of the axes will exhibit bianisotropy. -
Plasmonic and Metamaterial Structures As Electromagnetic Absorbers
Plasmonic and Metamaterial Structures as Electromagnetic Absorbers Yanxia Cui 1,2, Yingran He1, Yi Jin1, Fei Ding1, Liu Yang1, Yuqian Ye3, Shoumin Zhong1, Yinyue Lin2, Sailing He1,* 1 State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China 2 Key Lab of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System, Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronics, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China 3 Department of Physics, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310012, China Corresponding author: e-mail [email protected] Abstract: Electromagnetic absorbers have drawn increasing attention in many areas. A series of plasmonic and metamaterial structures can work as efficient narrow band absorbers due to the excitation of plasmonic or photonic resonances, providing a great potential for applications in designing selective thermal emitters, bio-sensing, etc. In other applications such as solar energy harvesting and photonic detection, the bandwidth of light absorbers is required to be quite broad. Under such a background, a variety of mechanisms of broadband/multiband absorption have been proposed, such as mixing multiple resonances together, exciting phase resonances, slowing down light by anisotropic metamaterials, employing high loss materials and so on. 1. Introduction physical phenomena associated with planar or localized SPPs [13,14]. Electromagnetic (EM) wave absorbers are devices in Metamaterials are artificial assemblies of structured which the incident radiation at the operating wavelengths elements of subwavelength size (i.e., much smaller than can be efficiently absorbed, and then transformed into the wavelength of the incident waves) [15]. They are often ohmic heat or other forms of energy. -
All-Metal Terahertz Metamaterial Absorber and Refractive Index Sensing Performance
hv photonics Communication All-Metal Terahertz Metamaterial Absorber and Refractive Index Sensing Performance Jing Yu, Tingting Lang * and Huateng Chen Institute of Optoelectronic Technology, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China; [email protected] (J.Y.); [email protected] (H.C.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: This paper presents a terahertz (THz) metamaterial absorber made of stainless steel. We found that the absorption rate of electromagnetic waves reached 99.95% at 1.563 THz. Later, we ana- lyzed the effect of structural parameter changes on absorption. Finally, we explored the application of the absorber in refractive index sensing. We numerically demonstrated that when the refractive index (n) is changing from 1 to 1.05, our absorber can yield a sensitivity of 74.18 µm/refractive index unit (RIU), and the quality factor (Q-factor) of this sensor is 36.35. Compared with metal–dielectric–metal sandwiched structure, the absorber designed in this paper is made of stainless steel materials with no sandwiched structure, which greatly simplifies the manufacturing process and reduces costs. Keywords: metamaterial absorber; stainless steel; refractive index sensing; sensitivity 1. Introduction Metamaterials are new artificial materials that are periodically arranged according to certain subwavelength dimensions [1,2]. Owing to their unique properties of perfect absorption, perfect transmission, and stealth, metamaterials show promising applications Citation: Yu, J.; Lang, T.; Chen, H. in sensors [3–11], absorbers [12,13], imaging [14,15], etc. Among them, in biomolecular All-Metal Terahertz Metamaterial sensing, metamaterial devices are spurring unprecedented interest as a diagnostic protocol Absorber and Refractive Index for cancer and infectious diseases [10,11]. -
A Metamaterial Frequency-Selective Super-Absorber That Has Absorbing Cross Section Significantly Bigger Than the Geometric Cross Section
A metamaterial frequency-selective super-absorber that has absorbing cross section significantly bigger than the geometric cross section Jack Ng*, Huanyang Chen*,†, and C. T. Chan Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China Abstract Using the idea of transformation optics, we propose a metamaterial device that serves as a frequency-selective super-absorber, which consists of an absorbing core material coated with a shell of isotropic double negative metamaterial. For a fixed volume, the absorption cross section of the super-absorber can be made arbitrarily large at one frequency. The double negative shell serves to amplify the evanescent tail of the high order incident cylindrical waves, which induces strong scattering and absorption. Our conclusion is supported by both analytical Mie theory and numerical finite element simulation. Interesting applications of such a device are discussed. I. Introduction It is possible for a particle to absorb more than the light incident on it. Bohren gave explicit examples in which a small particle can absorb better than a perfect black body of the same size. Examples of such type include a silver particle excited at its surface plasmon resonance and a silicon carbide particle at its surface phonon polariton resonance.1 However, such mechanism is typically limited to very small particles, and for a fixed particle volume, the absorption cross section cannot increase without bound. We shall show in this article that it is possible to design, within the framework of transformation optics,2,3 a device whose absorption efficiency can be arbitrarily large, at least in principle. -
Internal Loss of Superconducting Resonators Induced by Interacting
Internal loss of superconducting resonators induced by interacting two level systems Lara Faoro1,2 and Lev B. Ioffe2 1 Laboratoire de Physique Theorique et Hautes Energies, CNRS UMR 7589, Universites Paris 6 et 7, 4 place Jussieu, 75252 Paris, Cedex 05, France and 2 Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers The State University of New Jersey, 136 Frelinghuysen Rd, Piscataway, 08854 New Jersey, USA (Dated: August 6, 2018) In a number of recent experiments with microwave high quality superconducting coplanar waveg- uide (CPW) resonators an anomalously weak power dependence of the quality factor has been observed. We argue that this observation implies that the monochromatic radiation does not sat- urate the Two Level Systems (TLS) located at the interface oxide surfaces of the resonator and suggests the importance of their interactions. We estimate the microwave loss due to interacting TLS and show that the interactions between TLS lead to a drift of their energies that result in a much slower, logarithmic dependence of their absorption on the radiation power in agreement with the data. High quality superconducting CPW resonators are mentally [12, 14–16]. used in a number of diverse fields, ranging from as- The failure of the conventional theory of TLS to predict tronomical photon detection [1, 2] to circuit quantum the power dependence of the quality factor for the high electrodynamics [3–6]. In these applications, the CPW quality resonators is an indication of a serious gap in our resonator is operated in a regime of low temperature understanding of TLS in amorphous insulators. In this ( 10mk) and low excitation power (single photon). -
The Open Resonator
The Open Resonator Sven Arnoldsson Department of Mechanical Engineering Blekinge Institute of Technology Karlskrona, Sweden 2002 Thesis submitted for completion of Master of Science in Mechanical Engineering with emphasis on Structural Mechanics at the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Blekinge Institute of Technology, Karlskrona, Sweden. Abstract: In this work it has been shown experimentally that it is possible to create a high pressure with an open resonator in air. Pressure levels and their positions inside the resonator were studied and documented in order to describe the behaviour of the resonator. Parameters of particular interest are the resonant frequencies of the reflecting plates and their deflection shapes, which depends on their geometric form. Keywords: Non-linear acoustics, modal analysis, open resonator, resonance, Q-factor, even frequencies, conical reflector. Acknowledgements This work was carried out at the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Blekinge Institute of Technology, Karlskrona, Sweden, under the supervision of Dr. Claes M. Hedberg. I wish to express my gratitude to Dr. Claes M. Hedberg for his scientific guidance and support throughout the work. Also I would like to thank my colleagues in the Master of Science programme and all the other members of the Department of Mechanical Engineering for valuable discussions and support. Karlskrona, 2002 Sven Arnoldsson Contents 1 Notation 4 2 Introduction 6 3 Theory 8 3.1 Dimension of an open resonator 14 4 Measurements 15 4.1 Test equipment 16 4.2 The open resonator with two flat plates 17 4.2.1 Tested the glass plates 19 4.2.2 The highest pressure in resonator with two flat plats. -
Tunable Trapped Mode in Symmetric Resonator Designed for Metamaterials
Progress In Electromagnetics Research, PIER 101, 115{123, 2010 TUNABLE TRAPPED MODE IN SYMMETRIC RESONATOR DESIGNED FOR METAMATERIALS A. Ourir, R. Abdeddaim, and J. de Rosny Institut Langevin, ESPCI ParisTech, UMR 7587 CNRS, Laboratoire Ondes et Acoustique (LOA) 10 rue Vauquelin 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France Abstract|The excitation of an antisymmetric trapped mode on a symmetric metamaterial resonator is experimentally demonstrated. We use an active electronic device to break the electrical symmetry and therefore to generate this trapped mode on a symmetric spilt ring resonator. Even more, with such a tunable mode coupling resonator, we can precisely tune the resonant mode frequency. In this way, a shift of up to 15 percent is observed. 1. INTRODUCTION At the beginning of this century, left-handed metamaterials have attracted considerable interest of scientists working in the ¯eld of microwave technology [1{4]. Since then, planar metamaterials realized in microstrip technology have been demonstrated [5, 6]. A compact lefthanded coplanar waveguide (CPW) design based on complementary split ring resonators (SRRs) was proposed afterwards [7]. Due to their inherent magnetic resonance, SRRs can advantageously be employed in microwave ¯lter designs. They deliver a sharp cut-o® at the lower band edge which corresponds to their resonance frequency. Moreover, the SRRs can be tuned using varactor diodes. By this way, tracking ¯lters can be designed for multiband telecommunication systems, radiometers, and wide-band radar systems. Actually, these resonators can be tuned easily using varactor diodes [8]. Recently, a resonant response with a very high quality factor has been achieved in planar SRRs based metamaterials by introducing symmetry breaking in the shape of its structural elements [9, 10]. -
Tunable Infrared Metamaterial Emitter for Gas Sensing Application
nanomaterials Article Tunable Infrared Metamaterial Emitter for Gas Sensing Application Ruijia Xu and Yu-Sheng Lin * State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 17 June 2020; Accepted: 22 July 2020; Published: 24 July 2020 Abstract: We present an on-chip tunable infrared (IR) metamaterial emitter for gas sensing applications. The proposed emitter exhibits high electrical-thermal-optical efficiency, which can be realized by the integration of microelectromechanical system (MEMS) microheaters and IR metamaterials. According to the blackbody radiation law, high-efficiency IR radiation can be generated by driving a Direct Current (DC) bias voltage on a microheater. The MEMS microheater has a Peano-shaped microstructure, which exhibits great heating uniformity and high energy conversion efficiency. The implantation of a top metamaterial layer can narrow the bandwidth of the radiation spectrum from the microheater to perform wavelength-selective and narrow-band IR emission. A linear relationship between emission wavelengths and deformation ratios provides an effective approach to meet the requirement at different IR wavelengths by tailoring the suitable metamaterial pattern. The maximum radiated power of the proposed IR emitter is 85.0 µW. Furthermore, a tunable emission is achieved at a wavelength around 2.44 µm with a full-width at half-maximum of 0.38 µm, which is suitable for high-sensitivity gas sensing applications. This work provides a strategy for electro-thermal-optical devices to be used as sensors, emitters, and switches in the IR wavelength range. -
Tailoring Dielectric Resonator Geometries for Directional Scattering and Huygens’ Metasurfaces
Tailoring dielectric resonator geometries for directional scattering and Huygens’ metasurfaces Salvatore Campione,1,2,* Lorena I. Basilio,2 Larry K. Warne,2 and Michael B. Sinclair2 1Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (CINT), Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185, USA 2Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185, USA * [email protected] Abstract: In this paper we describe a methodology for tailoring the design of metamaterial dielectric resonators, which represent a promising path toward low-loss metamaterials at optical frequencies. We first describe a procedure to decompose the far field scattered by subwavelength resonators in terms of multipolar field components, providing explicit expressions for the multipolar far fields. We apply this formulation to confirm that an isolated high-permittivity dielectric cube resonator possesses frequency separated electric and magnetic dipole resonances, as well as a magnetic quadrupole resonance in close proximity to the electric dipole resonance. We then introduce multiple dielectric gaps to the resonator geometry in a manner suggested by perturbation theory, and demonstrate the ability to overlap the electric and magnetic dipole resonances, thereby enabling directional scattering by satisfying the first Kerker condition. We further demonstrate the ability to push the quadrupole resonance away from the degenerate dipole resonances to achieve local behavior. These properties are confirmed through the multipolar expansion and show that the use of geometries suggested by perturbation theory is a viable route to achieve purely dipole resonances for metamaterial applications such as wave-front manipulation with Huygens’ metasurfaces. Our results are fully scalable across any frequency bands where high-permittivity dielectric materials are available, including microwave, THz, and infrared frequencies. -
Conceptual-Based Design of an Ultrabroadband Microwave Metamaterial Absorber
Conceptual-based design of an ultrabroadband microwave metamaterial absorber Sichao Qua,1, Yuxiao Houa,1, and Ping Shenga,2 aDepartment of Physics, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China Edited by David A. Weitz, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, and approved August 4, 2021 (received for review June 07, 2021) By introducing metallic ring structural dipole resonances in the micro- In this work, the basic building block in our design is just a wave regime, we have designed and realized a metamaterial absorber metallic ring that is fabricated by the printed circuit board (PCB) with hierarchical structures that can display an averaged −19.4 dB technology. The final integrated sample can exhibit near-perfect reflection loss (∼99% absorption) from 3 to 40 GHz. The measured absorption from 3 to 40 GHz, covering the whole high-frequency performance is independent of the polarizations of the incident wave 5G bands (32). Another crucial measure of an absorber is its thick- at normal incidence, while absorption at oblique incidence remains ness. While a thick enough absorber can absorb everything over considerably effective up to 45°. We provide a conceptual basis for all frequency regimes, it is nevertheless impractical in terms of our absorber design based on the capacitive-coupled electrical di- applications. For a passive absorber, there is a common standard pole resonances in the lateral plane, coupled to the standing wave set by the causality-dictated minimum sample thickness that is along the incident wave direction. To realize broadband imped- associated with any given reflection spectrum (33). In our case, ance matching, resistive dissipation of the metallic ring is optimally the overall thickness of the absorber is 14.2 mm, only 5% over tuned by using the approach of dispersion engineering. -
Characteristics of Two Types of Mems Resonator Structures in SOI Applications Silicon on Insulator RF CMOS Have Got a Lot Of
Characteristics of two types of mems resonator structures in SOI applications S. Myllymaki, E. Ristolainen, P. Heino, A. Lehto, K. Varjonen Tampere University of Technology, Institute of Electronics P.O.Box 692 FIN-33101 Tampere FINLAND Tel. +358 3 3115 11 (university switchboard) Fax. +358 3 3115 2620 [email protected] Silicon on insulator RF CMOS have got a lot of attention in the past. In the RF SOI technology the key factors are thickness of the silicon film and the thickness of the SO 2 insulator layer. The high mass resonator needs several micrometers of thickness and RF transistor needs about 100 nanometers of thickness. 100nm has selected to be maximum in this research. Picture 1. Resonator structure can have two chambers with electrically passivation area (seen on the top) One possible solution to produce low-mass resonators is circular mode resonator, which is attached to solid SOI structure in its edges and which circles´s center vibrates freely and vertically. This kind of resonator is produced by controlling the radius of the circle, which makes it feasible for quality controlled mass production. From the filter point of view the conducting method between resonators is important. The circular resonator can be placed partly on the top of other resonator so that resonator are conducted each other by mechanical forces. Conducting rods will became useless in circular resonators. Moreover, the circular resonator can be adjusted to film thickness of 10nm to 1um. More important thing is the thickness of SO insulator, because 2 it defines the gap between electrodes. -
A Bottle of Tea As a Universal Helmholtz Resonator
A bottle of tea as a universal Helmholtz resonator Martín Monteiro(a), Cecilia Stari(b), Cecilia Cabeza(c), Arturo C. Marti(d), (a) Universidad ORT Uruguay; [email protected] (b) Universidad de la República, Uruguay, [email protected] (c) Universidad de la República, Uruguay, [email protected] (d) Universidad de la República, Uruguay, [email protected] Resonance is an ubiquitous phenomenon present in many systems. In particular, air resonance in cavities was studied by Hermann von Helmholtz in the 1850s. Originally used as acoustic filters, Helmholtz resonators are rigid-wall cavities which reverberate at given fixed frequencies. An adjustable type of resonator is the so- called universal Helmholtz resonator, a device consisting of two sliding cylinders capable of producing sounds over a continuous range of frequencies. Here we propose a simple experiment using a smartphone and normal bottle of tea, with a nearly uniform cylindrical section, which, filled with water at different levels, mimics a universal Helmholtz resonator. Blowing over the bottle, different sounds are produced. Taking advantage of the great processing capacity of smartphones, sound spectra together with frequencies of resonance are obtained in real time. Helmholtz resonator Helmholtz resonators consist of rigid-wall containers, usually made of glass or metal, with volume V and neck with section S and length L 1 as indicated in the Fig. 1. In the past, they were used as acoustic filters, for the reason that when someone blows over the opening, air inside the cavity resonates at a frequency given by c A f = . 2π √ V L' In this expression c is the sound speed and L' is the equivalent length of the neck, accounting for the end correction, which in the case of outer end unflanged, results L'=L+ 1.5a .