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POČÍTAČOVÉ SYSTÉMY Učební Text Vysoká škola báňská – Technická univerzita Ostrava POČÍTAČOVÉ SYSTÉMY učební text Marek Babiuch Ostrava 2007 Recenze: Ing. Pavel Buřil, Prof. RNDr. Alena Lukasová, CSc. Název: Počítačové systémy Autor: Marek Babiuch Vydání: první, 2007 Počet stran: 243 Vydavatel a tisk: Ediční středisko VŠB – TUO Studijní materiály pro studijní obor Automatické řízení a inženýrská informatika na fakultě strojní Jazyková korektura: nebyla provedena. Určeno pro projekt: Operační program Rozvoj lidských zdrojů Název: E-learningové prvky pro podporu výuky odborných a technických předmětů Číslo: CZ.O4.01.3/3.2.15.2/0326 Realizace: VŠB – Technická univerzita Ostrava Projekt je spolufinancován z prostředků ESF a státního rozpočtu ČR © Marek Babiuch © VŠB – Technická univerzita Ostrava ISBN 978-80-248-1503-9 Obsah Obsah POKYNY KE STUDIU ........................................................................................................................................ 5 1. HARDWAROVÉ KOMPONENTY PC ..................................................................................................... 8 1.1 ZÁKLADNÍ TERMINOLOGIE............................................................................................................. 8 1.2 PRINCIP ČINNOSTI POČÍTAČE ...................................................................................................... 10 1.3 ZÁKLADNÍ DESKY ............................................................................................................................. 10 1.4 SLOTY A SOCKETY............................................................................................................................ 12 2. ÚVODNÍ SEZNÁMENÍ S PROSTŘEDÍM MS VISUAL C++ 6.0 ........................................................ 18 2.1 ZALOŽENÍ PROJEKTU VE VISUAL C++ 6.0................................................................................. 18 2.2 ORIENTACE VE VÝVOJOVÉM PROSTŘEDÍ................................................................................ 19 2.3 PSANÍ ZDROJOVÉHO KÓDU ........................................................................................................... 21 2.4 KOMPILACE A SPUŠTĚNÍ PROGRAMU ....................................................................................... 22 2.5 VYHLEDÁVÁNÍ CHYB A JEJICH OPRAVA.................................................................................. 24 2.6 NÁPOVĚDA MSDN .............................................................................................................................. 25 3. LADĚNÍ VLASTNÍHO PROGRAMU VE VISUAL STUDIU 6.0 ........................................................ 29 3.1 NASTAVENÍ LADĚNÍ PROGRAMU................................................................................................. 29 3.2 KROKOVÁNÍ PROGRAMU ............................................................................................................... 30 3.3 KROKOVÁNÍ DOVNITŘ FUNKCÍ A VEN Z FUNKCÍ .................................................................. 31 3.4 ZARÁŽKY (BREAKPOINTY) ............................................................................................................ 32 3.5 ZARÁŽKA S PODMÍNKOU................................................................................................................ 34 3.6 SLEDOVÁNÍ HODNOT PROMĚNNÝCH......................................................................................... 36 4. ZÁKLADY JAZYKA C............................................................................................................................. 41 4.1 ÚVOD DO JAZYKA C.......................................................................................................................... 41 4.2 ZÁKLADY JAZYKA ............................................................................................................................ 43 4.3 ZÁKLADNÍ TYPY DAT....................................................................................................................... 44 4.4 KONSTANTY A PROMĚNNÉ ............................................................................................................ 45 4.5 OPERAND, OPERÁTOR, VÝRAZ ..................................................................................................... 47 4.6 FUNKCE STANDARDNÍHO VSTUPU A VÝSTUPU ...................................................................... 50 4.7 ŘÍDICÍ STRUKTURY .......................................................................................................................... 53 4.8 PREPROCESOR ................................................................................................................................... 60 4.9 FUNKCE................................................................................................................................................. 62 4.10 UKAZATELE ........................................................................................................................................ 64 4.11 POLE ...................................................................................................................................................... 65 4.12 ŘETĚZCE .............................................................................................................................................. 67 4.13 PRÁCE SE SOUBORY ......................................................................................................................... 68 4.14 ARGUMENTY PŘÍKAZOVÉHO ŘÁDKU ........................................................................................ 72 4.15 DEKLARACE ODVOZENÝCH A STRUKTUROVANÝCH DATOVÝCH TYPŮ....................... 72 5. ARCHITEKTURA ČIPOVÉ SADY......................................................................................................... 78 5.1 ZÁKLADNÍ POJMY V OBLASTECH ČIPOVÝCH SAD................................................................ 78 5.2 VÝVOJ ČIPOVÉ SADY ....................................................................................................................... 79 2 Obsah 5.3 ČIPOVÉ SADY ZALOŽENÉ NA ARCHITEKTUŘE ROZBOČOVAČŮ...................................... 82 5.4 SOUČASNÝ VÝVOJ ČIPOVÝCH SAD ............................................................................................. 85 6. PROCESORY I .......................................................................................................................................... 93 6.1 STRUČNÁ HISTORIE ......................................................................................................................... 93 6.2 SBĚRNICE PROCESORŮ ................................................................................................................... 93 6.3 RYCHLOST PROCESORŮ A ZÁKLADNÍ DESKY ........................................................................ 95 6.4 INSTRUKČNÍ SADA ............................................................................................................................ 97 6.5 VÝROBA PROCESORU ...................................................................................................................... 99 6.6 POUZDRA PROCESORU.................................................................................................................. 101 6.7 CHLAZENÍ PROCESORU ................................................................................................................ 104 7. PROCESORY II....................................................................................................................................... 109 7.1 PROCESORY PÁTÉ GENERACE ................................................................................................... 109 7.2 PROCESORY ŠESTÉ GENERACE.................................................................................................. 112 7.3 PROCESORY SEDMÉ GENERACE................................................................................................ 114 7.4 PROCESORY OSMÉ GENERACE .................................................................................................. 118 7.5 DUALCORE A SOUČASNOST (ROK 2007) ................................................................................... 122 8. FUNKCE A VLASTNOSTI SBĚRNIC.................................................................................................. 127 8.1 ROZDĚLENÍ SBĚRNIC PC............................................................................................................... 127 8.2 LOKÁLNÍ SBĚRNICE ....................................................................................................................... 128 8.3 AGP PORT........................................................................................................................................... 132 8.4 PCI EXPRESS...................................................................................................................................... 134 9. VSTUPNĚ/VÝSTUPNÍ PORTY............................................................................................................. 140 9.1 SÉRIOVÝ VERSUS PARALELNÍ PŘENOS ................................................................................... 140 9.2 USB A FIREWIRE PORT .................................................................................................................. 140 9.3 SÉRIOVÝ PORT ................................................................................................................................. 141 9.4 TYPY SÉRIOVÝCH ZAŘÍZENÍ......................................................................................................
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