DOCSLIB.ORG

How Governance Changes Affected the Supply of Ecosystem Services in Berg En Dal

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
How Governance Changes Affected the Supply of Ecosystem Services in Berg En Dal How governance changes affected the supply of ecosystem services in Berg en Dal Nina de Haan MSc Thesis in Environmental Sciences 2017 November Supervised by: Dr Lenny van Bussel and Dr Marjolein Lof Course code: ESA-80436 Environmental Systems Analysis Wageningen University & Research How governance changes affected the supply of ecosystem services in Berg en Dal Nina de Haan MSc Thesis in Environmental Sciences 2017 November Supervisors: Examiners: 1) Dr Lenny van Bussel (until 01-08-17) 1st: Dr Marjolein Lof Assistant professor 2nd: Prof. dr Rik Leemans Environmental Systems Analysis group, Wageningen University 2) Dr Marjolein Lof (from 01-08-17) Postdoctoral researcher on ecosystem service accounting Environmental Systems Analysis Group, Wageningen University Disclaimer: This report is produced by a student of Wageningen University as part of her MSc-programme. It is not an official publication of Wageningen University and Research and the content herein does not represent any formal position or representation by Wageningen University and Research. Copyright © 2017 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, without the prior consent of the Environmental Systems Analysis group of Wageningen University and Research. 2 Content Acknowledgements .................................................................................................... 5 Summary .................................................................................................................... 6 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................. 8 1.1. Background ....................................................................................................... 8 1.2. Study area ....................................................................................................... 11 1.3. Problem statement .......................................................................................... 13 1.4. Purpose ........................................................................................................... 13 1.5. Outline ............................................................................................................. 15 2. Methodology ......................................................................................................... 17 2.1. Literature review .............................................................................................. 17 2.2. Interviews ........................................................................................................ 17 2.3. Construction of ES maps ................................................................................ 19 2.4. Validation of ES maps and assessment method ............................................. 27 2.5. Analysis of drivers of change in ES supply ..................................................... 27 3. Results .................................................................................................................. 28 3.1. Developments in land use in Berg en Dal from 1995 to 2015 ......................... 28 3.2. Important ESs in Berg en Dal .......................................................................... 31 3.3. Spatial distribution of ESs in Berg en Dal ........................................................ 34 3.4. Developments in ES supply in Berg en Dal between 1995 and 2015 ............. 42 3.5. Developments in governance in Berg en Dal from 1995 to 2015 .................... 50 3.6. Drivers of change in ES supply ....................................................................... 65 3.7. The effects of governance changes on ES supply in Berg en Dal from 1995 to 2015 ....................................................................................................................... 71 4. Discussion ............................................................................................................ 75 4.1. LULC as proxy for potential supply ................................................................. 75 4.2. Matrix method is too coarse ............................................................................ 75 4.3. Temporal assessment ..................................................................................... 77 4.4. Stakeholder interviews .................................................................................... 76 4.5. Assessment of the temporal scale of ES supply ............................................. 77 4.6. Assessment of drivers ..................................................................................... 80 4.7. Governance research ...................................................................................... 80 4.8. Additional research ......................................................................................... 81 3 5. Conclusions .......................................................................................................... 82 5.1. Important ESs in Berg en Dal .......................................................................... 82 5.2. Developments in potential supply of ESs in Berg en Dal from 1995 to 2015 .. 82 5.3. Developments in governance that occurred from 1995 to 2015 that affected the landscape of Berg en Dal ....................................................................................... 83 5.4. Potential drivers of change in ES supply ......................................................... 84 5.5. Demand and its role as driver ......................................................................... 84 5.6. Important drivers of change in ES supply in Berg en Dal ................................ 84 5.7. Effects of governance changes on ES supply in Berg en Dal from 1995 to 2015 ............................................................................................................................... 86 5.8. Use of the matrix method to assess temporal changes of potential supply ..... 87 7. References ........................................................................................................... 88 Annex 1: Overview of interviewees ........................................................................... 93 Annex 2: Interview guidelines: interview topics ......................................................... 94 Annex 3: LGN to CLC conversion table .................................................................. 103 Annex 4: Difficulties in converting LGN maps to CLC maps ................................... 105 Annex 5: Developments in governance of nature and landscape from 1995 to 2015 ............................................................................................................................... 111 4 Acknowledgements Upon finishing this thesis report, I wholeheartedly thank everyone who contributed directly and indirectly to me completing this study. It was a journey of many challenges and I would not have made it through without the support of others. Naturally, I thank my supervisors Lenny and Marjolein for guiding me through the process of performing scientific research and reporting it. Additionally, I thank Bart Willers, Tiny Wigman, Maarten Merkus, Eric Marsman and Zeger Stappershoef for the valuable input they gave through the interviews. I am glad to have met such passionate people and I regard your work as highly valuable. Also, thank you for the cover picture, Bart. Many others supported me and I cannot list them all. However, very important factors were: my partner Jelle, my thesis buddies Ingeborg, Merijn and Marjolein, my parents Hannie en Gideon, and Rinske and Petra. I am thankful for being surrounded by such loving people. I could add more people to the list, but it would remain endless. Additionally, I am very glad that I was able to work on the theme of nature and landscape and the use thereof by society. I regard handling nature and landscape as one of the major challenges of our time. Studying this can contribute enormously to sustaining nature, ecosystem services and human life on earth. For now, I wish you a good read, Enjoy your day and enjoy ecosystem services! With kind regards, Nina 5 Summary Temporal changes in the supply of ecosystem services (ESs) are important to address, but they are often neglected. These changes are difficult to assess and their drivers are poorly known. This study therefore demonstrates a method to assess temporal changes in potential supply so to evaluate the used method and this study identifies the effects of governance changes on ES supply in Berg en Dal in the Netherlands over the last two decades. Literature review and stakeholder interviews identified the most important ESs. Land use and land cover (LULC) and their recent changes are assessed from detailed LULC maps from 1997, 2000, 2003, 2007 and 2012. These maps are converted by a matrix method to ES potential supply maps for seven ESs (i.e. water-flow regulation; pest and disease control; pollination; crops; livestock; recreation and tourism; and natural heritage and natural diversity). This allows to calculate potential supply and changes therein for each ES. Additionally, temporal changes in LULC and ESs potential supply are assessed through stakeholder interviews and literature review. The ES maps from 2012 are further validated using stakeholder interviews and reference maps for two ESs. Governance changes, potential and actual drivers of change in ES supply, changes in demand for ESs
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 1 Identification of the Property 1
    1 IDENTIFICATION OF THE PROPERTY 1 1 IDENTIFICATION OF THE PROPERTY De tabellen in dit hoofdstuk moeten worden aangevuld en aangepast. 1.A STATE PARTIES Germany (DE) The Netherlands (NL) 1.B STATE, PROVINCE OR REGION Within Germany and the Netherlands the nominated property is divided over administrative units at various levels: GERMANY ▪ Federal state of North Rhine-Westphalia (Nordrhein-Westfalen): districts (Kreise, Landkreise) and municipalities (Städte) of ##. ▪ Federal state of Rhineland-Palatinate (Rheinland-Pfalz): district of Ahrweiler, municipality of Remagen. THE NETHERLANDS ▪ Province of Gelderland: municipalities of Arnhem, Berg en Dal, Nijmegen, Overbetuwe, Zevenaar. ▪ Province of Utrecht: municipalities of Bunnik, Utrecht, Woerden. ▪ Province of South Holland (Zuid-Holland): municipalities of Katwijk, Leiden, Leidschendam-Voorburg, Voorschoten. 1.C NAME OF PROPERTY Frontiers of the Roman Empire – The Lower German Limes In Germany and the Netherlands the following equivalents are used in the national languages: Grenzen des Römischen Reiches – Der Niedergermanische Limes Grenzen van het Romeinse rijk – De Neder-Germaanse Limes 1.D GEOGRAPHICAL COORDINATES TO THE NEAREST SECOND Frontiers of the Roman Empire – The Lower German Limes is a serial transnational nomination. The southern end is constituted by the fort of Remagen (DE), with its approximate centre at ##coordinates. The western end is constituted by the fort of Valkenburg (NL), with its approximate centre at ##coordinates. 1 IDENTIFICATION OF THE PROPERTY 2 The nominated property consists of ## component parts, some of which have been grouped in spatial clusters. The individual component parts are listed in table 1.1, with the coordinates of their approximate centres. Table 1.1 List of component parts of the Lower German Limes.
    [Show full text]
  • The Lower German Limes Transnational Serial Nomination of 106 Sites
    Category of property In terms of categories of cultural property set out in Article I Frontiers of the Roman Empire – of the 1972 World Heritage Convention, this is a the Lower German Limes transnational serial nomination of 106 sites. (Netherlands, Germany) No 1631 1 Basic data Included in the Tentative List Netherlands: 21 January 2018 Germany: 29 November 2018 Official name as proposed by the States Parties Frontiers of the Roman Empire – The Lower German Limes Background This is a new nomination. Location NETHERLANDS The nomination occurs within the context of a longstanding Province of Gelderland: programme of cooperative efforts to nominate sites of the Municipalities of Arnhem, Berg en Dal, Nijmegen, frontiers of the Roman Empire in coherent segments. An Overbetuwe, Zevenaar overall nomination strategy for the frontiers of the Roman Province of Utrecht: Empire was finalised in 2017, with the participation of Municipalities of Bunnik, Utrecht, Woerden ICOMOS. The World Heritage Committee took note of the Province of South Holland (Zuid-Holland): Thematic Study and the development of the Nomination Municipalities of Katwijk, Leiden, Leidschendam-Voorburg, Strategy by its Decision 41 COM 8B.50. Alongside the Voorschoten existing transnational serial World Heritage property, the Nomination Strategy proposes that three future GERMANY nominations within Europe are considered – the Roman Federal state of North Rhine-Westphalia (Nordrhein- frontiers along the Danube River, along the Rhine River Westfalen): (Lower German Limes), and in the Roman province of Municipalities of Kleve, Bedburg-Hau, Kalkar, Uedem, Dacia (present-day Romania) – each of which, if inscribed, Xanten, Wesel, Alpen, Moers, Duisburg, Krefeld, Neuss, would constitute a separate World Heritage property with Monheim am Rhein, Dormagen, Köln, Bonn, Bornheim, different attributes and therefore possibly a different Alfter, Swisttal, Bad-Münstereifel expression of Outstanding Universal Value.
    [Show full text]
  • GO DUTCH! Fun Guide to Living in Nijmegen, the Netherlands “One of My Favourite Things to Do in the City Centre Is Walking the Green Line That Runs Through the City
    GO DUTCH! Fun guide to living in Nijmegen, the Netherlands “One of my favourite things to do in the city centre is walking the green line that runs through the city. Following it has allowed me to discover many side streets and beautiful perspectives of the city centre I had never seen before” Carlijn, BA Business Administration Hello! We are very happy that you chose Radboud University. Are you already excited to start your new life in Nijmegen? Want to learn more about your new home town? For example: did you know that Nijmegen is the oldest city in the Netherlands and over 2000 years old? But do not worry, it’s an old city with a young vibe:). In Nijmegen a lot of cultural and social events, but also sports activities are organised throughout the year. In this booklet you can find a short summary and some tips and tricks on how to make life in Nijmegen as fun as it can be! We hope you will enjoy going through these pages and get even more excited about coming to our beautiful city. Looking foward to welcoming you in Nijmegen, on behalf of Radboud University, Team Radboud International Students 3 Contents Useful Dutch words and phrases 5 Museums 10 Restaurants & cafés in town 12 Cultural and social events 18 Sports events 22 Useful Apps and news sites 25 Frequently asked questions 27 “The Vierdaagse feesten (“Four Days Marches”) are my favourite time of the year, the whole city feels like one big festival and everyone is in a happy mood.
    [Show full text]