Story Title: Beauty and the Beast P/G returns and tells the child what has happened, the selfless character volunteers to go to the beast to save the P/G Motifs: The P/G and selfless character go to the mansion where invisible servants Q212 Theft punished serve them at a magical table R13.1 Abduction by wild beast P/G leaves but promises to return to check up on selfless character, R9 Captivity miscellaneous selfless character is left in solitude W11.5 Generosity toward enemy Selfless character decides to talk to beast one day and loses fear of the D314 Transformation of ungulate animal (wild) to person beast, they begin talking everyday Tale Summary: A merchant has three daughters; his youngest is selfless and The beast doesn’t meet the selfless character one day and so the asks only for a rose when he returns from his journey. The merchant stops character goes to look for beast in a garden to get the rose for his daughter when a beast comes and Finds the beast dying and confesses love, breaking a spell put on the punishes him for thieving a rose from his garden. His punishment is death or beast who now turns into a beautiful human. to bring his youngest daughter to live with the beast. The merchant’s Human Essence: daughter agrees to live with the beast so her father can live. When the  Kindness toward others you’re afraid of can result in a new friend father and daughter arrive at the mansion invisible servants at a magical  Family love table serve them. The father leaves once the beast arrives and his daughter  True love lies inside of you not the outer appearance lives in solitude for many days. One day she decides to talk to the beast  Stealing gets you into trouble because she is so lonely. At first she is scared but then they begin talking Bibliography: about many things and she is no longer scared of the beast and begins to fall in love with him. One day the beast doesn’t come to talk to the daughter Ignaz and Joseph Zingerle, "Die singende Rose," Kinder- und Hausmärchen and she goes off to find him. She comes across the beast dying in the garden (Innsbruck: Verlag der Wagner'schen Buchhandlung, 1852), no. 30, and falls upon him in tears confessing her love. The confession of love pp. 183-88. breaks the spell put on the beast and he becomes the prince. They live happily ever after. Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm, Das singende springende Löweneckerchen, Kinder- und Hausmärchen (Children's and Household Tales -- Bare Bones: Grimms' Fairy Tales), 7th ed. (Berlin, 1857), no. 88

One parent/guardian and one selfless character Joseph Jacobs, Europa's Fairy Book [also published under the title European Parent/guardian goes on a journey, plans to bring back gift for selfless Folk and Fairy Tales] (New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1916), no. 5, character pp. 34-41. Before getting home from journey, P/G steals the gift from a stranger’s property Wentworth Webster, Basque Legends, 2nd edition (London: Griffith and The property belongs to a beast that catches the P/G stealing from him; Farran, 1879), pp. 167-72. consequence is death or giving the beast the character the gift was for EDRD 319 Spring 2011 1 Story Title: Rapunzel We all long for a friend or someone to love us

Motifs: Going behind someone’s back can get you in trouble

Q212 Theft Punished True love conquers all R41.2 Captivity in a Tower H212 Recognition of verse by song Bibliography: R111.1.8 Rescue of princesses from witches Giambattista Basile, The Pentamerone; or, The Story of Stories, translated Q217 Treason punished from the Neapolitan by John Edward Taylor, new edition revised and edited Tale Summary: by Helen Zimmern (London: T. Tisher Unwin, 1894), pp. 56-62.

Rapunzel is the story of a child who is raised by an evil witch because Grimm, Jacob and Wilhelm Rapunzel, Kinder- und Hausmärchen (Children's her father stole crop from the witch for Rapunzel’s mother when she was and Household Tales -- Grimms' Fairy Tales), 7th ed. (Berlin, 1857), no. 12. pregnant. Rapunzel grows long, beautiful hair and lives in a tower; the only way up to the tower is to climb Rapunzel's hair. Rapunzel sees nobody but Isadora, Rachel (Retold and Illustrated by) Rapunzel (New York: The Penguin the witch until a prince wanders by one day hears her singing, and climbs up Group, 2008). her hair. The witch punishes Rapunzel, and later the prince is hurt falling Lang, Andrew The Grey Fairy Book (London: Longmans, Green, and from the tower; but eventually the prince and Rapunzel live happily ever Company, 1900), pp. 382-87. after. http://www.adlerbooks.com/fairyt.html

Bare Bones:

Child taken away for act of theft Raised by witch, kept captive in a tower Hair grows long in the tower and hangs down the window in order for the witch to climb to see her Prince walks by and sees/hears her, climbs up to see her Witch finds out about the boy and punishes Rapunzel by cutting her hair and throwing her out to fend on her own  The boy is tricked by the witch and falls from the tower and gets hurt Rapunzel’s tears heal him Human Essence:

Stealing gets you in trouble

EDRD 319 Spring 2011 2 Story Title: The Tar Baby (Water-Well Version) Lazy character doesn’t help but still uses their solution

Motifs: Other characters try to stop the lazy character but he/she tricks them into using it B299.2 Animals Dispute The characters then decide to make a tar man to keep guard J1117. Animal as trickster The lazy character gets stuck in the tar man and caught K419 Thief Escapes Detection- Miscellaneous The animals try to kill him for stealing their work W111.5 Other Lazy Persons Lazy character tricks them again and gets away J21.13 Never believe what is beyond belief Human Essence: Tale Summary: Working together to solve a problem Several animals that live in the forest go through a drought so they become thirsty. All the animals except the lazy rabbit decide to dig a well so Anger you feel when someone doesn’t help you and uses something you they can get water. The rabbit refuses to work and after the well is dug the worked hard on animals forbid the rabbit from drinking the water. The night falls and the  rabbit sneaks to the well to drink the water. The next day they find the Tricking someone to get what you want prints of the rabbit so they have an animal watch that night for the rabbit. The need for something in order to survive The rabbit tricks the animal by singing and then drinks from the well again. The animals then decide to create a tar man to guard the well. The rabbit Bibliography: gets stuck in the tar man that night. The animals catch him and tell him how Botkin, B. A Treasury of American Folklore (New York: Crown Publishers, they are going to kill him but the rabbit tricks them again and escapes. 1944.) Bare Bones: Mcdermott, Gerald. Anansi the Spider: A Tale From The Ashanti (New York: Group of characters with one lazy tricky character Landmark Production, 1972).

A dilemma that the characters work together to solve Schlosser, S. Spooky South: Tales Of Hauntings, Strange Happenings And Other Local Lore (Guilford, CT: The Globe Pequot Press, 2004.)

EDRD 319 Spring 2011 3 Title: The Elves  When the little men came back around midnight they found gifts for them instead of shoes to make and they were in joy. Motif Index: Q42.9. Q42.9. Cobbler gives new pair of shoes to poor boy and  They danced and sang until they went out the door and was never says: You can pay me when you become archbishop. Generously rewarded to be seen again but he was doing well ever since they left. many years later. India: Thompson-Balys. Bare Bones Structure: Tale summary:  poor couple/mysterious workers  There was a poor shoe maker.  poor was just about out of material  The man was so poor that he thought he only had enough leather to  poor left out what was left make one pair of shoes.  workers come in-made items  When he went to bed he had left the shoes sitting there for him on  poor sold items-enough for two more his bench in the morning but when the next day rolled around he  workers made items saw them complete.  poor sold items-bought more material  After he had opened his store a purchaser comes in and tries the  poor soon became rich shoes on and they fit.  poor made items for workers  The purchaser gave the man more than what they were being sold  works grateful and never came back for.  The man was able to buy more leather for two more pairs of shoes. Human Essence:  As he was doing more shoes that day he was seeing the pairs of shoes be complete when he would walk away so he got enough Poor shoemaker, being kind to them, having a great rest of life. money for leather for four pairs of shoes. Bibliography of Versions:  Then one night he asked his wife if they could stay up and see who is making the shoes for him.  "Brownie (elf)." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. Accessed on  His wife agreed and they hid somewhere so that they couldn’t be September 11, 2006. seen.  When midnight rolled around they saw two little men hop up on his  Ashliman, D. L. A Guide to Folktales in the English Language.New table and get to work, hammering and working away. York: Greenwood Press, 1987. Amazon.com: Buy the book in hardcover.  The next morning his wife said they should show how they are  Zipes, Jack. editor. The Complete Fairy Tales of the Brothers Grimm. grateful for what the little men have done. New York: Bantam Books, 1992.  She decided to make them clothes and told him to make them Amazon.com: Buy the book in paperback. shoes because they were little naked men.

EDRD 319 Spring 2011 4  "Gratitude." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. URL: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gratitude. Accessed on September 11, 2006.

Bibliography of Variants:

 The New Lexicon Webster's Dictionary of the English Language, 1990 Edition. New York: Lexicon Publications, 1990.  Leach, Maria. Funk & Wagnalls Standard Dictionary of Folklore Mythology and Legend. New York: Funk & Wagnalls, 1949. Amazon.com: Buy the book in paperback.  Cashdan, Sheldon. The Witch Must Die. New York: Basic, 1999. Amazon.com: Buy the book in paperback.  Bernheimer, Kate. Mirror, Mirror On The Wall: Women Explore Their Favorite Fairy Tales. New York: Anchor Books, 1998. Amazon.com: Buy the book in paperback.

EDRD 319 Spring 2011 5 Title: The Wolf and the Seven Little Goats Human Essence:

Motif Index: L300. L300. Triumph of the weak. Chauvin II 204 No. 59; Irish Needs more trust. Never answer door when adult not around. myth: Cross. Bibliography of Versions: Tale Summary:  Ibid.: "Imagination and Expression." Kindergarten  A mother goat tells her seven children to stay inside so that the wolf Magazine, Sept., 1896. doesn’t come eat them up.  Hervey, Walter: Picture Work. Revell.   She goes to the store. Bailey, Carolyn: "Toy Stories." "The Story of the Woolly Dog." Kindergarten Review, Feb., 1915.  The wolf comes and knocks on the door and says that he’s the  Corson, Hiram: Voice and Spiritual Education. Macmillan. mother goat when they know it’s not.  Then he goes and comes back and tries to be her again and they still Bibliography of Variants: know it’s not her.  As he comes back one more time, they think it’s their mother so  Crawford, Caroline: "The Teaching of Dramatic Arts in the they open the door and get eaten whole except for one. Kindergarten and the Elementary School." Teachers College  The mother comes back and sees that all her children except for one Record, Sept., 1915.  Curry, S.S.: Imagination and the Dramatic Instinct. Expression isn’t eaten and goes to look for the wolf and finds that they are all Co. still alive but inside of him.  Ibid.: "Suggestions Concerning Rhythm Plays." Kindergarten  The end of the story the wolf wakes up from being asleep and sees Review, April and May, 1915. feels thirsty then goes to get some water and drowns then dies in  Chamberlain, W.B., and Clark, S.H.: Principles of Vocal the water. Expression. Scott.

Bare Bone Structure:

 Mother/predator/children  Mother goes out  Predator tries to trick children  Predator finds a way to get in  Predator eats all but one child  Mother comes back to only one child  Mother finds predator  Substitutes rocks for eaten children  Predator falls and dies from weight of rocks

EDRD 319 Spring 2011 6 Title: The Three Spinsters Human Essence:

Motif Index: K1848.2. K1848.2. Ruler has favorite perform tasks so that he Being lazy, getting ones way, making others do work. may himself win a bride. Italian Novella: Rotunda Bibliography of Versions: Tale Summary:  See also Schlejcher's Lithuanian Tales, and the story of Habetrot and  There was a girl in a village that was lazy and would not spin flax. atl Mab, in Henderson's Folil-L ore of the Northern Counties.-TR.  Her mother lied to the Queen and was ashamed to tell her of her  Vol. i. pp. 355-367 of the English translation by Mr. C. H. Tawney, daughter’s laziness so she told the Queen her daughter could not now being published in the Bibliotheca Indica by the Asiatic Society stop spinning and couldn’t furnish her with enough flax because she of Bengal. See his valuable notes to the story, pp. 367-369. was poor. Bibliography of Variants:  The Queen made an offer to the mother to take the girl so she would spin flax for the Queen.  Grimm, Jacob and Wilhelm. Household Tales. Margaret Hunt,  The Queen made deal with the girl and told her she could marry her translator. London: George Bell, 1884, 1892. 2 volumes. eldest son if she would spin all the flax in three rooms that she had.  The girl found three women passing by, one had a broad flat foot  The fifth of the Vetála Tales deals with a similar subject. See vol. ii. good for treading, one had a big under lip is good for licking, and pp. 242-245 and 258-60 of Mr. Tawney's translation of the Kathá one had a broad thumb is good for twisting thread. Sarit Ságara, where several other variants are mentioned. See also  They were perfect for spinning flax. Oesterley's translation of the Baitál Pachisi, pp. 183-185.  She made a deal with them if they would spin the flax she would invite them to her wedding and say they were her cousins.  The three women spun all the flax and the girl kept her promise.  The girl invited the three women to her wedding and never had to touch a spinning wheel again.

Bare Bones Structure:

 Poor/lazy  Deception: deal made by poor  Lazy looking for way out  Lazy makes a deal with others to get work done  Others do the work  Lazy gets the credit and the groom  Others invited to wedding EDRD 319 Spring 2011 7 The Stonecutter o David Brauns, Japanische Märchen und Sagen (Leipzig: Verlag von Wilhelm Friedrich, 1885), pp.  Motifs: J2070. Absurd wishes; J514. J514. One should not be 87ff. too greedy. Type 555. o Folk Tales from China, second series (Peking:  Tale Summary: the story of a man who works diligently Foreign Languages Press, 1958), pp. 89-92. each day, cutting stone from a mountain. The stone is used  Bibliography (Variants): to build the great temples and palaces of Japan. One day, o Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm, "Von den Fischer und the stonecutter witnesses a prince passing by, preceded by siiner Fru," Kinder- und Hausmärchen, 1st ed. a soldier and followed by musicians and dancers. The (Berlin: Realschulbuchhandlung, 1812), v. 1, no. 19. stonecutter stops working and wishes to be a prince, so that o Albert Ludewig Grimm, "Hanns Dudeldee: ein he too might enjoy wealth and power. The spirit hears the Mährchen," Kindermährchen (Heidelberg: Mohr und stonecutter’s wish and obliges him. Soon, the stonecutter Zimmer, [1809], pp. 77-92. wishes to be the sun, which he decides is much more o Pantschatantra: Fünf Bücher indischer Fabeln, powerful than a prince. The stonecutter shows his power as Märchen und Erzählungen, translated from the the sun in ways harmful to the people of the land. He then Sanskrit into German by Theodor Benfey (Leipzig: F. wishes to be the clouds, and then a mountain. Each time A. Brockhaus, 1859), book 2, story 6 (v. 2, pp. 194- the stonecutter wishes for more power. The end of the 196). story finds the stonecutter as a mountain, with the sound of  Sources: a lowly stonecutter chipping away at the foot of the o Thompson, S. Motif Index of Folk Literature. mountain. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1966.  Bare Bones Structure: o Ashliman, D.L. "Folktales from Japan." Folklore and o Hard working man. Mythology Electronic Texts. D.L. Ashliman, 19 Jul o Man sees a prince and wishes to be such. 2008. Web. 18 Feb 2011. o Is made a prince but unhappy. . o Wishes to be sun, clouds, and mountain. o Wishes are granted but still wants more power. o Sees a man chipping in the mountain. o Wishes to me man again and is content.  Human Essence: o Given the choice of wishes, people will wish for ridiculous things. o Without limits, people are greedy. o People learn to be happy with what they have in life.  Bibliography (Versions): o Andrew Lang, The Crimson Fairy Book (London: Longmans, Green, and Company, 1903), pp. 192- 197.

EDRD 319 Spring 2011 8 The Lion, The Wolf, and the Fox Nimmo and Bain, 1884), pp. 166-67 (book 8, fable 3).  Motifs: K961. K961. Flesh of certain animal alleged to be  Bibliography (Variants): only cure for disease: animal to be killed. (The sick lion.) o Cecil Henry Bompas, Folklore of the Santal Parganas *Type 50; *Krohn Bдr (Wolf) und Fuchs (JSFO VI) 21ff.; (London: David Nutt, 1909), no. 119, pp. 335-36. **Graf FFC XXXVIII 20; *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 494; Wienert o Walter Skeat, Fables and Folk-Tales from an Eastern FFC LVI 47 (ET 55), 50 (ET 102), 99 (ST 129), 100 (ST *133); Forest (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, Halm Aesop No. 255; Herbert IV 431f.; Chauvin III 78; India: 1901), no. 2, pp. 3-4. *Thompson-Balys; Africa (Hottentot): Bleek 19 No. 10.  Sources: K961.1.1. K961.1.1. Tit for tat. Wolf tells sick lion that fox o Thompson, S. Motif Index of Folk Literature. does not esteem him. Fox overhears it. Later fox tells lion Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1966. that his only cure lies in his wrapping himself in the o Ashliman, D.L. Folklore and Mythology Electronic wolf‘s skin. Wolf is killed. Spanish Exempla: Keller; Italian Texts. D.L. Ashliman, 19 Jul 2008. Web. 18 Feb 2011. Novella: Rotunda. .  Tale Summary: Animals come to visit a sick lion. The wolf tries to get back at the fox by pointing out to the lion that he’s not visiting him. Fox overhears. Tells the lion he was finding a cure. The cure is to wear wolf skin while it is still warm. Lion kills the wolf and puts on his skin.  Bare Bones Structure: o Sick predator. o One animal trying to get back at another. o Tries to turn sick predator against animal. o Other animal catches on. o Tricks predator into killing first animal.  Human Essence: o Don’t try to trick the trickster. o If you tell lies it usually ends badly. o Talking behind a person’s back can get you in serious trouble.  Bibliography (Versions): o The Fables of La Fontaine: Translated from the French [mainly by Robert Thomson] (London: J. C.

EDRD 319 Spring 2011 9 Little Red Riding Cap o Charles Perrault, Histoires ou contes du temps passé, avec des moralités: Contes de ma mère l'Oye  Motifs: K2011. K2011. Wolf poses as grandmother and kills (Paris, 1697). child. (Red Riding Hood.) *Type 333; BP I 37, *42, 234; o A. H. Wratislaw, Sixty Folk-Tales from Exclusively *Saintyves Perrault 215, 222; Missouri French: Carriиre; Slavonic Sources (London: Elliot Stock, 1889), no. 15, Japanese: Ikeda; Africa (Ibo, Nigeria): Thomas 83. pp. 97-100.  Summary: Red Riding Cap’s grandmother is sick and the  Bibliography (Varients): mother wants her to bring the grandmother cake and wine o Christian Schneller, "Das Rothhütchen," Märchen to make her feel better, and warns her to stay on the path. und Sagen aus Wälschtirol: Ein Beitrag zur Wolf tricks the girl to go off the path then runs to the deutschen Sagenkunde (Innsbruck: Verlag der grandmother’s house. He eats the grandmother and puts on Wagner'schen Universitäts-Buchhandlung, 1867), her nightgown and cap. Red Riding Cap shows up and no. 6, pp. 9-10. notices something is off about her grandmother and asks o Conte de la mère-grand, from a website sponsored questions. When she asks about his teeth the wolf eats her by the Bibliothèque nationale de France. too. The wolf falls asleep and snores loudly, drawing the o Andrew Lang, The Red Fairy Book, 5th edition attention of a hunter who cuts open the wolf’s stomach and (London and New York: Longmans, Green, and sets the grandmother and Red Riding Cap free. Then they Company, 1895), pp. 215-19. put stones in the wolf’s stomach and the weight kills him.  Sources:  Bare Bones Structure: o Thompson, S. Motif Index of Folk Literature. o Sick elder, girl sent with food. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1966. o Meets a predator. o Ashliman, D.L. Folklore and Mythology Electronic o Tricked to go off the path. Texts. D.L. Ashliman, 19 Jul 2008. Web. 18 Feb 2011. o Predator finds elder and eats her. . o Disguises self as elder. o Tricks girl and eats her too. o Falls asleep and draws attention. o Is cut open and girl and elder are freed.  Human Essence: o Trusting strangers could have dire consequences. o Not listening to your parents could get you in big trouble. o Being too greedy can cause you to become foolish.  Bibliography (Versions):

EDRD 319 Spring 2011 10 Title The Milkmaid and Her Pail

Motif Index J2061 Absurd Plans: Air Castles Bibliography of Versions (close to tale type)

J2061.2 proud milkmaid tosses her head  Aesop's Fables, translated by V. S. Vernon Jones (London: W. Heinemann; New York: Doubleday, Page and Company, 1912), pp. Tale Summary Proud milkmaid tosses her head and spills the milk. 25-26.  Bushnaq Inea, Don't Count Your Chickens. Arab Folktales, p. 285 Bare Bones Structures  Clouston William, Don't Count Your Chickens Until They Are Hatched!, Popular Tales, v. 2, p. 432 The best thought of plans can change in an instant.  De Paola Tomie de, Paola’s Favorite Nursery Tales. (New York: Putnam, 1986) p. 53 Plot  La Fontaine Jean de, Milk-Maid and the Milk-Pail, The. Book 7, Fable  Character carrying goods on head 10  Character daydreams of selling goods Bibliography of Variants (somewhat different from tale type)  Character will use money to buy other things  Benfey Theodor, Pantschatantra: Fünf Bücher indischer Fabeln, Märchen  Character will be admired for wealth and fame und Erzählungen, translated from the Sanskrit into German by Theodor  Character tosses head-goods destroyed Benfey, vol. 2 (Leipzig: F. A. Brockhaus, 1859), book 5, story 9, pp. 345-  Character’s dreams of wealth and fame vanish 46

 Bierce Ambrose, Fantastic Fables (New York and London: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1899), p. 192.

 Bompas Cecil Henry, Folklore of the Santal Parganas (London: David Academic Sources Nutt, 1909), no. 39, pp. 140-141  Burton Richard, The Book of the Thousand Nights and a Night, Ashliman, D.L. Folklore and Mythology Electronic Texts. University of translated by Richard F. Burton (Privately printed, 1885), v. 1, pp. 335- Pittsburgh, 1996-2011. 338  Dutton Maude Barrows, The Tortoise and the Geese and other Fables of McDonald, M.R. The Storyteller’s Sourcebook. Detroit: Gale Research Bidpai, retold by Maude Barrows Dutton (Boston and New York: Company, 1983-1999. Houghton Mifflin Company, 1908), pp. 8-9  Tolstoy Leo, Fables for Children; Stories for Children; Natural Science Thompson, S. Motif Index of Folk Literature. Bloomington: Indiana University Stories, translated by Leo Wiener (London: J. M. Dent and Company, Press, 1955-1958. 1904), p. 40.

EDRD 319 Spring 2011 11

Title The Man, the Boy, and the Donkey Bibliography of Versions (close to tale type)

Motif Index J1040 Decisiveness of conduct  De Paola Tomie de, Paola’s Favorite Nursery Tales. (New York: Putnam, 1986) p. 96-98 J1041.2 Impossibility of pleasing everyone  Hebel Johann Peter, "Seltsamer Spazierritt," Sämmtliche Werke, dritter Band: Erzählungen des rheinländischen Hausfreundes Tale Summary Miller blamed when he walks with the donkey; follows his (Karlsruhe: Verlag der Chr. Fr. Müller'schen Hofbuchhandlung, son on foot; when he takes son’s place on the ass; and when he puts the 1838), pp. 11-12. translated by D.L. Ashliman son in front of him. Miller and son carry the donkey, donkey kicks and falls  Jacobs Joseph, The Fables of Æsop (London: Macmillan and over bridge and drowns. Company, 1902), no. 63, pp. 149-51.  MacDonald Margaret Read, Look Back and See: Twenty Lively Tales Bare Bones Structures for Gentle Tellers. (New York: H.W. Wilson, 1991.)  Nouri Ali, "Es ist schwer, allen gerecht zu werden," Nasreddin If you try to please everyone, you will please no one. Khodjas Schwänke und Streiche: Türkische Geschichten aus Timurlenks Tagen (Breslau [Wroclaw]: Schlesische Verlags-Anstalt Plot von S. Schottlaender, 1904), pp. 57-61. translated by D.L. Ashliman  The Hundred Merry Tales; or, Shakspeare's Jest Book (London: J.  Two characters and animal walking Chidley, 1831), pp. 62-64.  Characters criticized for not riding the animal  First character rode animal, called lazy  Second character rode animal, called lazy Bibliography of Variants (somewhat different from tale type)  Both characters ride animal, scolded for overloading animal  Both characters carry animal  Jacobs Joseph, The Fables of Aesop (London, 1894), no. 63. The Man and  Animal kicks, falls and drowns His Two Wives.  La Fontaine Jean de (1621-1695), Fables, book 1, fable 17. Translated by Walter Thornbury. The Middle-Ages Man and the Two Widows. Academic Sources  Sheykh-Zada, The History of the Forty Vezirs; or, The Story of the Forty Morns and Nights, translated by E. J. W. Gibb (London: George Redway, Ashliman, D.L. Folklore and Mythology Electronic Texts. University of 1886), pp. 218-19. Pittsburgh, 1996-2011.

McDonald, M.R. The Storyteller’s Sourcebook. Detroit: Gale Research Company, 1983-1999.

Thompson, S. Motif Index of Folk Literature. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1955-1958.

EDRD 319 Spring 2011 12

Title The Three Billy Goats Gruff Bibliography of Versions (close to tale type)

Motif Index K550 Escape by false plea  Asbjørnsen Peter Christen and Jørgen Moe, De tre bukkene Bruse som skulle gå til seters og gjøre seg fete, Norske Folkeeventyr, K553.2 troll lets two goats pass waiting for biggest translated by George Webbe Dasent in Popular Tales from the Norse, 2nd edition (London: George Routledge and Sons, n.d.), no. Tale Summary Troll lets the first two goats pass on the bridge so that he 37, pp. 275-276. Translation revised by D. L. Ashliman. may eat the biggest one. Troll is thrown into the water.  Barkow Henriette, Three Billy Goats Gruff (London: Mantra, 2000.)  Bender Robert, The Three Billy Goats Gruff (New York: Holt, 1993.) Bare Bones Structures  Carpenter Stephen, The Three Billy Goats Gruff (New York: HarperCollinsFestival, 1998.) When faced with a threat to your life, most people will say anything to save  De Paola Tomie de, Paola’s Favorite Nursery Tales. (New York: themselves. Putnam, 1986) p. 42-45.  Galdone Paul, The Three Billy Goats Gruff (New York: Houghton, Plot Mifflin/Clarion Books, 1973)   Predator/Prey Rounds Glen, Three Billy Goats Gruff retold and Illus. by: Glen Rounds (New York: Holiday House, 1993.)  Predator want to eat prey  Steven Janet, The Three Billy Goats Gruff (San Diego: Harcourt  First prey animal (small) makes plea to predator Brace Jovanovich, c1987.)  First prey animal escapes death

 Second prey animal (medium) makes plea to predator  Second prey animal escapes death Bibliography of Variants (somewhat different from tale type)  Third prey animal (big) defeats predator  Prey go on their way  Adalbert Kuhn, "Wie die Ziegen nach Hessen gekommen sind," Sagen Gebräuche und Märchen aus Westfalen und einigen andern, besonders den angrenzenden Gegenden Norddeutschlands (Leipzig: Academic Sources F. A. Brockhaus, 1859), v. 2, pp. 250-251. translated by D. L. Ashliman Ashliman, D.L. Folklore and Mythology Electronic Texts. University of  Haupt Karl, "Die drei Ziegen," Sagenbuch der Lausitz, v. 2 (Leipzig: Pittsburgh, 1996-2011. Verlag von Wilhelm Engelmann, 1863), no. 320, p. 222. translated by D.L. Ashliman McDonald, M.R. The Storyteller’s Sourcebook. Detroit: Gale Research  Jacobs Joseph, Indian Fairy Tales (London: David Nutt, 1892), no. 3, Company, 1983-1999. pp. 17-20.  O'Connor W.F., Folk Tales from Tibet (London: Hurst and Blackett, Thompson, S. Motif Index of Folk Literature. Bloomington: Indiana University 1906), pp. 56-59. Press, 1955-1958.

EDRD 319 Spring 2011 13 Title Cinderella Thompson, S. Motif Index of Folk Literature. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1966. Motif Index L52. Abused youngest daughter. S31. Cruel stepmother. S34. Cruel stepsister(s). N711.6. Prince sees heroine at ball and is enamored. Bibliography of Versions (close to tale type) *Found in D.L. Ashliman’s F823. Extraordinary shoes. H36.1. Slipper Test Folklore and Mythology Electronic Texts

Tale Summary Maiden’s mother dies, father remarries. New wife brings  The Cinder Maid (reconstructed from various European sources by Joseph two daughters. Step-family takes away maiden’s luxuries. King holds festival Jacobs). to seek bride for Prince. Step-mother repeatedly gives impossible tasks to  Cinderella; or, The Little Glass Slipper (France). maiden to perform before attending. Birds assist maiden in task and provide  Cinderella (Germany).  Katie Woodencloak (Norway). extravagant attire. Prince enamored with maiden and uses her shoe to  The Broken Pitcher (England). locate her after the ball. Step-sisters cut feet in attempt to fit shoe.  Ashey Pelt (Ireland). Maiden’s foot fits and she is married to the prince. Birds peck out the step-  Fair, Brown, and Trembling (Ireland). sisters’ eyes.  The Sharp Grey Sheep (Scotland).  Rashin-Coatie (Scotland). Bare Bones Structures  Cinderella (Italy).   Character’s mother dies Little Saddleslut (Greece).   New family is cruel Conkiajgharuna, the Little Rag Girl (Georgia).   Impossible obstacles given to attend event Pepelyouga (Serbia).  The Wonderful Birch (Russia).  Other creatures aid in difficult tasks   Character leaves behind a piece of clothing The Baba Yaga (Russia).   Deceptive characters attempt to appear honest The Wicked Stepmother (Kashmir).   Honest character is sought and found The Turkey Herd (Native American, Zuni).  The Indian Cinderella (Native American)  Dishonest characters receive punishment from creatures Human essence of this story Bibliography of Variants (somewhat different from tale type)  Death of family member  Mean superior *Found in M.R. McDonald’s The Storyteller’s Sourcebook  Honest character wins out  Pino-Saavedra, Folktales of Chile, pg 89-99  “The Enchanted Cow”, Kuang-tung, Eberhard Folktalkes of China, pg. Academic Sources 156-161  McDonald, M.R. The Storyteller's Sourcebook. Detroit: Gale Research “Cenerentola”, Vittorini, The Thread of Life, pg 50-56 Company, 1982.

EDRD 319 Spring 2011 14 Title The Emperor’s New Clothes Academic Sources

Motif Index K445. The emperor’s new clothes. J2313. Naked person made to McDonald, M.R. The Storyteller's Sourcebook. Detroit: Gale Research believe that he is clothed. Company, 1982.

Thompson, S. Motif Index of Folk Literature. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1966. Tale Summary Bibliography of Versions (close to tale type) An imposter feigns to make clothes for the emperor and says they are visible only to those of legitimate birth. The emperor and Couriers are all *Found in D.L. Ashliman’s Folklore and Mythology Electronic Texts afraid to admit that they cannot see the clothes. Emperor goes unclothed in procession/ Finally, a child seeing the naked emperor reveals the imposture.  The Invisible Silk Robe (Sri Lanka).  The King's New Turban (Turkey).  The King and the Clever Girl (India).  The Miller with the Golden Thumb (England). Bare Bones Structures

 Mighty character requires excessive luxeries Bibliography of Variants (somewhat different from tale type)  Luxery-maker pretends to do work only seen by elites  Character pretends it is visible to maintain elite status *Found in M.R. McDonald’s The Storyteller’s Sourcebook  No other characters tell truth in order to not seem inferior   Character ventures out with invisible luxery Morris, The Magic Leaf (picture book)  Crossley-Holland, The Young Oxford Book of Folk Tales, pg. 202-204  Child reveals truth  Zipes, The Complete Fairy Tales of the Brothers Grimm, pg. 455-457  Ranke, Folktales of Germany, pg. 139-141 Human essence of this story

 Selfish superiors  Tricksters  Lying  Humor  Attempt to maintain status  Childhood innocence

EDRD 319 Spring 2011 15 Title Clever Gretel Academic Sources

Motif Index K2137. The priest’s guest and the eaten chicken. K415. Marked McDonald, M.R. The Storyteller's Sourcebook. Detroit: Gale Research culprit marks everyone else and escapes detection. J1111.6. Clever Company, 1982. Maidservant Thompson, S. Motif Index of Folk Literature. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1966.

Tale Summary Bibliography of Versions (close to tale type)

The servant, who has eaten the priest’s chickens while he was away, tells *Found in M.R. McDonald’s The Storyteller’s Sourcebook the guest to flee because the priest is going to cut off his ears, and he tells the priest the guest has stolen two chickens. The priest runs after him calling, “Give them to me.”  DeSpain, Thirty-Three Multicultural Tales to Tell, pg. 57-58  Young, Richard and Judy Dockery Young, African-American Folktales for

Young Readers, pg. 1-102 Bare Bones Structures

 Maidservant told to prepare dinner for master and his guest Bibliography of Variants (somewhat different from tale type)  She eats food before guest’s arrival *Found in M.R. McDonald’s The Storyteller’s Sourcebook  Tells double-ended lie to escape punishment  Master and guest turn against each other, thus maidservant’s action is undected.  Ranke, Kurt, Folktales of Germany, pg. 136-139  Crossley-Holland, The Young Oxford Book of Folk Tales, pg. 57-65 Human essence of this story  Corrin, The Faber book of Favourite Fairy Tales, pg. 148-164  Beck, Folktales of India, pg. 42-45  Ill-treated servant

 Revenge upon superior  Lying  Fighting amongst friends  Humor

EDRD 319 Spring 2011 16 Crab Academic Sources

Motif Index McDonald, M.R. The Storyteller's Sourcebook. Detroit: Gale Research Company, 1982. K1956.2 Sham wise man hides something and is rewarded for finding it. Thompson, S. Motif Index of Folk Literature. Bloomington: Indiana N611 Criminal accidentally detected: “that is the first.” University Press, 1966. N688 What is in the dish: “Poor Crab”. A sham wise man named Crab is put Bibliography of Versions (close to tale type) to a test of his powers of divination. He is to tell what is in a covered dish (crabs). In despair he says, “Poor Crab!” and is given credit for knowing.  Harisarman, Somadeva,

EDRD 319 Spring 2011 17 The Seal’s Skin

Motif Index Academic Sources McDonald, M.R. The Storyteller's Sourcebook. Detroit: Gale Research D327.2 Transformation: seal to person. Company, 1982. Thompson, S. Motif Index of Folk Literature. Bloomington: Indiana C31.10 Tabu: giving garment back to supernatural (divine) wife. University Press, 1966. Bibliography of Versions (close to tale type) B651.8 Marriage to seal in human form.  The Mermaid Wife, George Douglas, Scottish Fairy and Folk Tales (London: Walter Scott Publishing Co., 1901), pp. 153-155. Tale Type Summary  The Silkie Wife, Legendary Fictions of the Irish Celts, collected and Tale Type 4080 Quest for a Lost Bride: The Seal Woman narrated by Patrick Kennedy (London: Macmillan and Company, 1866), pp.122-124. Bare Bones Structures  Herman Perk and the Seal, John Nicolson, Some Folk-Tales and Legends of Shetland, (Edinburgh: Thomas Allan and Sons, 1920), pp. 62-63. Human essence of this story  Touched By Iron, Wirt Sikes, British Goblins: Welsh Folk-lore, Fairy Mythology, Legends, and Traditions (London: Sampson Low, Marston, The seal cannot be taken from the water without the desire to return. This Searle, and Rivington, 1880), pp. 44-45. human essence focuses on the desire of many to be where they belong, as  Tom Moore and the Seal Woman, Jeremiah Curtin, Tales of Fairies and of well as an explanation of why things are the way they are, i.e. why the seal the Ghost World Collected from Oral Tradition in South-West Munster has human-like eyes that seem to be crying. ([London]: David Nutt in the Strand, 1895), pp. 111-13.  The Lady of Gollerus, Thomas Crofton Croker, Fairy Legends and Plot Traditions of the South of Ireland, vol. 2 (London: Murray, 1828), pp. 3-13. Bibliography of Variants (somewhat different from tale type)  A man finds seals skins outside of a cave. The Bird Maiden, Lindell, Kristina, and Jan-Ojvind Swahn and Damrong  He takes one home and locks it in a chest.  Tayanin, eds. Folk Tales from Kammu II: A Story-Teller's Tales, London and  He then falls in love with the seal, now human, whose skin he stole. Malmo: Curson Press, 1980.  They marry and have children.  The Country of the Beautiful Gardens, Villa, Susie Hoogasian. 100  She discovers the skin in the locked up chest, and returns in it to the Armenian Tales. Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1966. sea.  The Dove Girl, Calvino, Italo. Italian Folktales. George Martin, translator.  The man routinely goes out to sea in his boat and often sees a seal New York: Pantheon Books, 1980. dancing in the water.  Herman Perk and the Seal, Nicolson, John. Some Folk-Tales and Legends  The seal woman’s children, when they are walking along the shore, of Shetland. Edinburgh: Thomas Allan and Sons, 1920. pp. 62-63. often see a seal who throws them shells.  José Guerné, Pino-Saaverdra, Yolando, ed. Folktales of Chile. Rockwell  The seal woman never returned to land. Gray, ed. Folktales of the World. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1967.

EDRD 319 Spring 2011 18  The poor man has soon ground everything that he needs, and has the best farm in the country. Why the Sea is Salt  The brother of the man is jealous, and bargains to get the magic mill. Motif Index  Without telling the brother how to stop it, the man gives the mill to A1115.1 Why the sea is salt: because of wrecked salt ship the brother. A1115.2 Why the sea is salt: magic salt mill. Stolen by sea-captain, who  The brother, not being able to stop the porridge from being ground out of the mill gives the mill back to the man. takes it aboard and orders it to grind. It will stop only for its master; ship  The man sells the mill to a salt merchant without telling him how to sinks and mill keeps grinding salt. stop it. D 851 Magic object acquired as reward for vigil.  The salt merchant asks the mill to grind salt. The ship wrecked, and D1601.21.1 Self-grinding salt-mill. the magic mill is grinding salt in the sea to this day. D1651 Magic object obeys master alone. N825.2 Old man helper. Academic Sources

Tale Type Summary McDonald, M.R. The Storyteller's Sourcebook. Detroit: Gale Research Company, 1982. Tale Type 565 Supernatural Power or Knowledge: The Magic Mill Thompson, S. Motif Index of Folk Literature. Bloomington: Indiana Bare Bones Structures University Press, 1966.

Human essence of this story Bibliography of Versions (close to tale type)

The mill is grinding salt to this day, at the bottom of the sea. The human  Frodi’s Mill, Snorri Sturluson, The Prose Edda, translated by Arthur essence is an explanation for why the sea is salty, as in a creation story. Gilchrist Brodeur (New York: The American-Scandinavian Foundation, Those who are unkind to others will then become their own downfall. 1916), pp. 162-63.  The Coffee Mill Which Grinds Salt, J. Christian Bay, Danish Fairy and Folk Plot Tales (New York and London: Harper and Brothers, 1899), pp. 11-13.  Why Sea Water is Salty, Carl and Theodor Colshorn, Märchen und Sagen  A poor man goes to his richer brother on Christmas to ask for some (Hannover: Verlag von Carl Rümpler, 1854), no. 61, pp. 173-75. ham.  The richer brother groans but grants the poorer brother the food.  The man encounters an old man who advises him to trade the ham Bibliography of Variants (somewhat different from tale type) for a mill, and that he will tell the man how to stop it.

 The man trades the ham for the magic mill.  Sweet Porridge, Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm, Der süße Brei, Kinder- und Hausmärchen (Children's and Household Tales -- Grimms' Fairy Tales),  The old man tells him how to stop it. no. 103. EDRD 319 Spring 2011 19 Title The ungrateful tiger • Source: In-Sob Zong, Folk Tales from Korea (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul Ltd., 1952), no. 78, p. 183. No copyright notice. Motif Index W154.2.1. W154.2.1. Rescued animal threatens rescuer. *Type Bibliography of Variants (somewhat different from tale type) 155; India: *Thompson-Balys.  The Crocodile, the Brahman, and the Fox (India, The Southern Tale Tiger is trapped in pit, asks traveler for help. Traveler helps him out. Panchatantra). Source: Theodor Benfey, Pantschatantra: Fünf Bücher Tiger says I will eat you now. Traveler told a toad about the tiger ingratitude, indischer Fabeln, Märchen und Erzählungen (Leipzig: F. A. Brockhaus, tiger insists he will eat the man, toad asks to see exactly what happened so 1859), vol. 1, pp. 113-14. tiger hops back down in the pit and says I was in here. Man removes branch,  The Camel Driver and the Adder (Bidpai). Source: The Tortoise and the tiger is stuck again. Toad says you ungrateful tiger. You can stay there. Geese and other Fables of Bidpai, retold by Maude Barrows Dutton (Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1908), pp. 118-25. Bare Bones Structures  The Brahman, the Tiger, and the Six Judges (India). Source: Mary Frere, Old Deccan Days; or, Hindoo Fairy Legends Current in Southern Plot India, 5th impression (London: John Murray, 1898), no. 14, pp. 135-38. • Traits of character – ungratefulness First published 1868. • man saves animal  The Tiger, the Brahman, and the Jackal (India). Source: Joseph • animal threatens the man Jacobs, Indian Fairy Tales (London: David Nutt, 1892), no. 9, pp. 66-69. • man distracts animal  • animal somehow tricked back into original danger The Farmer, the Crocodile, and the Jackal (Pakistan).Source: J. F. A. • the animal is left behind McNair and Thomas Lambert Barlow, Oral Tradition from the • Indus (Brighton: Cranbourne Printing Works, 1908), pp. 54-58.  The Young Man and the Snake (Pakistan).Source: Charles Swynnerton, Indian Nights' Entertainment: Folk-Tales from the Upper Indus (London: Elliot Stock, 1892), no. 42, pp. 133-38 Academic Sources  The Jackal's Judgment (Sri Lanka) Source: H. Parker, Village Folk-Tales of Ceylon (London: Luzac and Company, 1910), v. 1, no. 63, pp. 339-340 http://www.pitt.edu/~dash/type0155.html#korea  The Unmannerly Tiger (Korea). Source: In-Sob Zong, Folk Tales from Korea (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul Ltd., 1952), no. 78, p. 183. No McDonald, M.R. The Storyteller's Sourcebook. Detroit: Gale Research copyright notice. Company, 1982.

Thompson, S. Motif Index of Folk Literature. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1966.

Bibliography of Versions (close to tale type)

EDRD 319 Spring 2011 20 Title: The Five Traveling Journeymen Bibliography of versions: Source: Ernst Meier, "Die fünf Handwerksburschen auf Reisen," Deutsche Volksmärchn aus Schwaben: Aus Motif Index: J1711. J1711. Numskulls go a-travelling dem Munde des Volks gesammelt (Stuttgart: C. P. Scheitlin's Tale: five men leave on a journey. Promise each other that they will not Verlagshandlung, 1852), no. 68, pp. 242-243. lose one another. Count to make sure each is present. Each forgets to count Bibliography of variations: himself. Panic because they do not know who is missing or what happened. Stranger meets them. Tells them to each poke their noses in sand and count  The Twelve Men of Gotham (England). Source: W. A. Clouston, The Book nose holes. They rejoice thanking the man for his help. And continued their of Noodles: Stories of Simpletons; or, Fools and Their Follies (London: journey. Elliot Stock, 1888), pp. 28-29. Bare Bones Structure:  The Seven Wise Men of Buneyr (Pakistan). Source: Charles  The wise and the foolish Swynnerton, Indian Nights' Entertainment; or, Folk-Tales from the Upper Indus (London: Elliot Stock, 1892), no. 74, p. 305.  # of men set out on journey  The Lost Peasant (Kashmir). Source: J. Hinton Knowles, Folk-Tales of  promise not to lose one another Kashmir, 2nd ed. (London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner and Company,  stop to count 1893), pp. 322-323.   each forgets to count himself How the Kadambawa Men Counted Themselves (Sri Lanka). Source: H. Parker, Village Folk-Tales of Ceylon (London: Luzac and Company, 1910),  Stranger passes by vol. 1, no. 44, p. 258.  “count something each of you has”  thanksgiving  Happy trails

Academic Sources http://www.pitt.edu/~dash/type0155.html#korea

McDonald, M.R. The Storyteller's Sourcebook. Detroit: Gale Research Company, 1982.

Thompson, S. Motif Index of Folk Literature. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1966.

EDRD 319 Spring 2011 21 Title The Hippopotamus and the Tortoise Thompson, S. Motif Index of Folk Literature. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1966. Motif Index Numbers and Descriptions: L419. L419. Proud ruler (deity) Bibliography of Versions (close to tale type) humbled--miscellaneous H521. H521. Test: guessing unknown propounder‘s name. *Type 500; *BP I 490; Africa (Angola): Chatelain 141 No. 14. • Source: Elphinstone Dayrell, Folk Stories from Southern Nigeria, West Africa (London: Longmans, Green, and Co., 1910), no. 22, Tale Summary: Hippopotamus is great King, all come to eat at his table, pp.79-80. none know his name, he says “If you cannot tell me my name you shall all of • you go away without your dinner”. No one could guess his name. Tortoise: Bibliography of Variants (somewhat different from tale type) what will you do if I guess it next time? A: be ashamed he and his whole  Rumpelstiltskin Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm, Kinder- und family would leave land and dwell in the water. T Knew of daily water Hausmärchen, 1st ed. (Berlin, 1812), v. 1, no. 55. routine. Dug a hole on the way got halfway in and his wife stubbed her toes  Mistress Beautiful Source: Heinrich Pröhle, Kinder- und and called out to her husband, oh I have hurt myself. T went home Volksmärchen (Leipzig: Avenarius und Mendelssohn, 1853), no. 23, p. happy, next time T “Promise not to kill me if”. Yes. T says name. all are 76. happy. Feast. H and whole family go to live in river forever, according to  Doubleturk Source: J. D. H. Temme, Die Erdgeister in Greifswald, Die promise. Why hippos live in water. Volkssagen von Pommern und Rügen (Berlin: In der Nikolaischen Buchhandlung, 1840), no. 216, pp. 255-256. Bare Bones Structures  Dwarf Holzrührlein Bonneführlein Source: Carl and Theodor Colshorn, Zwerg Holzrührlein Bonneführlein, Märchen und Sagen aus overcoming adversity, apathetic to others, Hannover (Hannover: Verlag von Carl Rümpler, 1854), no. 29, pp. 88-89. Plot  Tom Tit Tot Source: Joseph Jacobs, English Fairy Tales (London: David Nutt, 1898), pp. 1-8. • Reversal of fortune  • A bad has power over others Whuppity Stoorie Source: John Rhys, Celtic Folklore: Welsh and • controls the good guy/s Manx (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1901), vol. 2, pp. 593-595. • the bad guys name is the key to freedom • bad guy brash statement/promise

• good guy learns name

• bad guy is humbled and angry • Good guy prevails

Academic Sources http://www.pitt.edu/~dash/hippo.htm

EDRD 319 Spring 2011 22 Title: The Runaway Pancake

Academic Sources

Motif Index Numbers and Descriptions McDonald, M.R. The Storyteller's Sourcebook. Detroit: Gale Research Company, 1982. Z33.1. Z33.1. The fleeing pancake. Thompson, S. Motif Index of Folk Literature. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1966.

Tale Summary A pancake was made by two old women, who argued over who would get to Bibliography of Versions (close to tale type) eat the pancake. The pancake grew legs and ran away. Ran into a fox who asked where the pancake was going, he ran away. Ran into a hare and then  Peter Christen, The Pancake. Print. a ship full of people. Finally, ran into a pig that ended up tricking the  Kennedy, Patrick. The fireside stories of Ireland. pp. 19-20. Print. pancake and ended up being eaten before he could run away.  The Gingerbread Boy. 2. pp. 448-49. Print.  St. Nicholas Magazine, vol. 2, no. 7, The Wonderful Cake  Jacobs, Joseph. English Fairy Tales. no.28. pp. 155-58. Print. Bare Bones Structures  George Lyman Kittredge, "English Folk-Tales in America, The Little Cakeen

Plot Bibliography of Variants (somewhat different from tale type)

 Two women made pancake and argued  Campbell, John Francis. Popular Tales of the West Highlands: Orally  Grew legs and ran away Collected,. vol. 3. pp. 100-101. Print.  Ran into a fox, ran away  Magnus, Leonard A. Russian Folk-Tales. p. 317. Print.  Ran into hare, ran away  Chambers, Robert. Popular Rhymes of Scotland, The Wee Bannock. pp.  Ran into a ship full of people, ran away 85-86. Print.  Ran into a pig, was eaten

Human Essence  Magic and Deception

EDRD 319 Spring 2011 23 Title: Bearskin Academic Sources

Motif Index McDonald, M.R. The Storyteller's Sourcebook. Detroit: Gale Research Company, 1982. M201. M201. Making of bargains and promises. Thompson, S. Motif Index of Folk Literature. Bloomington: Indiana University Tale Summary Press, 1966. A man runs away from the war he is fighting and finds himself lost in a forest hungry and in need of help. An awful spirit comes onto him and tell him he will help him if he serves him for seven years. He may not pray, Bibliography of Versions (close to tale type) bathe, shave must wear a bearskin robe all the time, cut his nails and even wipe his butt. If he does then he may pick one of the spirits three daughters  Otto Sutermeister, The Devil as Partner to marry. He does so and two of the three daughters are repulsed by the  LastAfanasyev, Alexander. Never Wash. Print. man and the other was fine. He gave a part of his ring to the daughter he would marry and came back after the two years to marry the girl. He was much better kept and the other two daughters were jealous and ended up Bibliography of Variants (somewhat different from tale type) hanging herself and the other drowning herself.  Lang, Andrew. The Pink fairy Book. pp. 356-360. Print.  Fansler, Dean. Filipino Popular Tales. pp. 207-209. Print. The Reward of Bare Bones Structures Kindness

Plot

 Man is lost and in need in the forest  Comes across evil spirit  Must work for him for 7 years

 May not shave, bathe, cut nails or anything  If he fulfills then he may marry one of three daughters  Fulfills wish and marries one daughter  The other daughters kill themselves out of envy

Human Essence  Magic, reversal of fortune, jealousy and tests

EDRD 319 Spring 2011 24 Title: Little Red Riding Hood Human Essence  Deception, wise and foolish, tests and death

Motif Index

K1810.1. Disguise by putting on clothes

K1832. Disguise by changing voice. Academic Sources

McDonald, M.R. The Storyteller's Sourcebook. Detroit: Gale Research Company, 1982. Tale Summary Thompson, S. Motif Index of Folk Literature. Bloomington: Indiana University Once upon a time a little girl who was thought of very highly of by her Press, 1966. mother and grandmother made cakes and wanted to take some to her grandmother. She went off into the forest where she ran into a wolf that asked the little girl where she was going. She replied that she was going to her grandmother’s house. The wolf tricked her by asking where she lived Bibliography of Versions (close to tale type) and said let’s see who can get there first if we take different paths. The wolf  Hausmärchen, Kinder- und. Little Red Riding Cap. Vol. 1. Print. wanted to eat the wolf and ended up at the grandmother’s house first. Little  Christian Schneller, Little Red Hat .Print. Red Riding Hood got to the house and the wolf disguised his voice and  Lang, Andrew. The Red Fairy Book. pp. 215-19. Print. The True tricked Little Red Riding hood into getting into the house and bed with the History of Little Golden-Hood wolf. The wolf ends up eating Little Red Riding Hood.

Bibliography of Variants (somewhat different from tale type)

Bare Bones Structures  Potter, Beatrix. The Tale of Jemima Puddle-Duck. Print.  Achille Millien, Grandmother.Print. Plot

 Little girl baked a cake for grandma  Walking alone ran into wolf  Little Red Riding Hood told the wolf where she was going  Wolf tricked girl and beat her to grandmas house  Girl tricked and told to come in  After staying for awhile girl ate by wolf

EDRD 319 Spring 2011 25 Title: Little Red Riding Hood Thompson, S. Motif Index of Folk Literature. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1966. Motif Index: Zipes, Jack. The Trials and Tribulations of Little Red Riding Hood. New York, K311. Thief in disguise NY: Routledge, 1993.

K755. Capture by masking as another Bibliography of Versions (close to tale type) B211.2.4. Speaking wolf.  Zipes, Jack. The Trials and Tribulations of Little Red Riding Hood. New York, NY: Routledge, 1993, pp 94-96. Tale Summary:  Zipes, Jack. The Trials and Tribulations of Little Red Riding Hood. Red Riding Hood goes to visit her sick grandma and bring her sweets, New York, NY: Routledge, 1993, pp 97-98.  however along the way encounters a wolf, who she tells where she is going. Zipes, Jack. The Trials and Tribulations of Little Red Riding Hood. New York, NY: Routledge, 1993, pp 128-133. He decides that they should race and he gets to grandma’s house first. He  Zipes, Jack. The Trials and Tribulations of Little Red Riding Hood. knocks pretending he is the granddaughter and she tells him how to open New York, NY: Routledge, 1993, pp 138-158. the door. He eats the grandma and then dresses in her clothes and gets in  Zipes, Jack. The Trials and Tribulations of Little Red Riding Hood. her bed, pretending to be her. When the granddaughter gets there he tricks New York, NY: Routledge, 1993, pp 158-172. her too and eats her also. Bibliography of Variants (somewhat different from tale type)

 Zipes, Jack. The Trials and Tribulations of Little Red Riding Hood. New York, NY: Routledge, 1993, pp 99-128. Bare Bones Structures:  Zipes, Jack. The Trials and Tribulations of Little Red Riding Hood. New York, NY: Routledge, 1993, pp 133-138. Never talk to strangers. Always make sure the person you are talking to is  Zipes, Jack. The Trials and Tribulations of Little Red Riding Hood. who you really think they are. New York, NY: Routledge, 1993, pp 172-187.  Zipes, Jack. The Trials and Tribulations of Little Red Riding Hood.  Character goes on a journey to another sick character to deliver New York, NY: Routledge, 1993, pp 187-192. something to them.  Zipes, Jack. The Trials and Tribulations of Little Red Riding Hood.  A bad character stops them along the way asking where they are New York, NY: Routledge, 1993, pp 192-196. going.  Zipes, Jack. The Trials and Tribulations of Little Red Riding Hood.  The bad character then beats them there and takes advantage of New York, NY: Routledge, 1993, pp 196-200. the sick person, eating/hurting them.  They then dress in that characters clothing and when the person they talked to earlier gets there they eat/hurt them as well.

Academic Sources:

EDRD 319 Spring 2011 26 Title: Rapunzel Academic Sources:

Motif Index: Ashliman, D. L. "Rapunzel and Other Folktales of Type 310." University of Pittsburgh. 2008. Web. 18 Feb. 2011. K301. Master thief. .

D1034. Magic vegetable (as food). Thompson, S. Motif Index of Folk Literature. Bloomington: Indiana University Tale Summary: A man and a wife want to have children, however they are Press, 1966. unable to do so. The wife starts to crave a vegetable that is in the Bibliography of Versions (close to tale type) neighbor’s yard so the husband steals it for her. He gets away with it, however eating it only makes her crave it more and the next time he goes to  Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm, Rapunzel, Kinder- und Hausmärchen steal it he gets caught and has to promise his next child to the witch who (Children's and Household Tales -- Grimms' Fairy Tales), 7th ed. lives there. Then the wife is suddenly pregnant and they give their daughter (Berlin, 1857), no. 12. to the witch when she is born. When the girl turns twelve the witch locks  Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm, Kinder- und Hausmärchen (Children's and Household Tales -- Grimms' Fairy Tales), 1st ed. (Berlin, 1812), her in a tower with no stairs and only one window and each day to see her v. 1, no. 12. she yells “Rapunzel, Rapunzel let down your hair so I can climb the golden  Giambattista Basile, The Pentamerone; or, The Story of Stories, stairs” and then climbs up her hair. Yet, when she finds out that a prince translated from the Neapolitan by John Edward Taylor, new edition has been coming to see Rapunzel the same way she has she cuts off all of revised and edited by Helen Zimmern (London: T. Tisher Unwin, her hair and the prince falls and in his fall is blinded. However the goodness 1894), pp. 56-62. of Rapunzel fixes and they live happily ever after.  Bibliography of Variants (somewhat different from tale type) Bare Bones Structures: Stealing always has punishments. A good heart always wins over an evil one.  Thomas Frederick Crane, Italian Popular Tales (London: Macmillan and Company, 1885), pp. 26-30.  A man steals food for his wife that she craves.  Andrew Lang, The Grey Fairy Book (London: Longmans, Green, and  The second time he gets caught and is told that he can take as much Company, 1900), pp. 382-87. as he wants if he promises her their first child. He is scared so he says yes.  Then they have a child and the witch gets her.  The witch locks her in a tower with no steps when she turns twelve and climbs up her hair to get to her.  When a prince starts visiting her and the witch finds out she cuts off all of her hair.  In the end good wins over evil and Rapunzel gets her prince.

EDRD 319 Spring 2011 27 Title: Cinderella Thompson, S. Motif Index of Folk Literature. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1966. Motif Index: S31. Cruel stepmother, S34. Cruel stepsister(s), D815.3. Magic object received from godmother, H111.1. Identification by royal garments, Bibliography of Versions (close to tale type) L213. Poor girl chosen rather than the rich, P201. Inherent enmity between members of a family, Q42. Generosity rewarded, Z321. Ring fits only one  Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm, Kinder- und Hausmärchen, 1st ed. (Berlin: Realschulbuchhandlung, 1812), v. 1, no. 21. Translated by D. person, D22. Transformation: common man to exalted personage. L. Ashliman. © 1998. Tale Summary: A man and wife have one daughter together and then the  Joseph Jacobs, Europa's Fairy Book (New York and London: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1916), pp. 1-12. mother dies and the father remarries. The step-mother has two daughters  M. Damant, "Folktales," Folk-Lore: A Quarterly Review of Myth, of her own and mistreats her step-daughter, Cinderella, who has a very kind Tradition, Institution, and Custom, vol. 6 (London: Published for the heart. When the prince is looking for a wife, the step-mother’s daughters Folk-Lore Society by David Nutt, 1895), pp. 305-306. get to go to the ball, however Cinderella is given chores to do at home.  J. F. Campbell, Popular Tales of the West Highlands: Orally Collected, When her god-mother learns that she wishes to go to the ball she is dressed vol. 2 (Edinburgh: Edmonston and Douglas, 1860), pp. 286-89. in a stunning dress, but has to be back by midnight. The prince falls for her  Thomas Frederick Crane, Italian Popular Tales (London: Macmillan and when she leaves the ball the only thing he has to find her is her glass and Company, 1885), no. 9, pp. 42-47. Bibliography of Variants (somewhat different from tale type) slipper that fell off when she fled in a hurry and he uses this to find her and they live happily ever after.  Peter Christen Asbjørnsen and Jørgen Moe, Popular Tales from the Norse, 2nd ed., translated by George Webbe Dasent (Edinburgh: Bare Bones Structures: A good, kind heart always wins over a mean heart Edmonston and Douglas, 1859), pp. 411-28. Translation slightly with lots of money. revised by D. L. Ashliman.  Jeremiah Curtin, Myths and Folk-Lore of Ireland (Boston: Little,  Daughter is very kind-hearted person. Brown, and Company, 1890), pp. 78-92.  Mom dies and Dad remarries.  George Douglas, Scottish Fairy and Folk Tales (New York: A. L. Burt  Step-mother is mean to daughter. Company, n.d. [ca. 1901]), pp. 86-89.  A mentor makes up for this and helps daughter look as beautiful on  Edmund Martin Geldart, Folk-Lore of Modern Greece: The Tales of the outside as she is on the inside so she will get noticed. the People (London: W. Swan Sonnenschein and Company, 1884),  Prince falls for her and when she leaves event in a rush and loses an pp. 27-30. item he uses this to find her.  Marjory Wardrop, Georgian Folk Tales (London: David Nutt, 1894),  Step-sisters try to cheat to be able to marry him, however he finds pp. 63-67. her and they live happily ever after.  Woislav M. Petrovitch, Hero Tales and Legends of the Serbians (New Academic Sources: York: Frederick A. Stokes Company, preface dated 1914), pp. 224- 30. Ashliman, D. L. "Cinderella." University of Pittsburgh. 1998. Web. 13 Feb.  W. R. S. Ralston, Russian Folk-Tales (London: Smith, Elder, and 2011. . Company, 1873), pp. 139-42.

Dundes, Alan. Cinderella: A Casebook. New York: Garland Publishing, 1982. EDRD 319 Spring 2011 28 Title: Rapunzel Bibliography of Versions (close to tale type) Rapunzel Motif Index Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm, Rapunzel, Kinder- und Hausmärchen (Children's R41. R41. Captivity in tower (castle, prison). and Household Tales -- Grimms' Fairy Tales), 7th ed. (Berlin, 1857), no. 12. The Fair Angiola Tale Summary: Thomas Frederick Crane, Italian Popular Tales (London: Macmillan and This tale is about a man and a women living next to a beautiful garden Company, 1885), pp. 26-30. which is owned by an evil witch. The woman wants something from the garden, and when the husband gets caught getting it the witch makes him Bibliography of Variants (somewhat different from tale type) promise to give her their child. When the daughter is born the witch takes Juan and Clotide her away and names her Rapunzel. She is locked in a tower with no way to Dean S. Fansler, Filipino Popular Tales (Lancaster, PA: American Folk-Lore get out, just a window. Rapunzel drops her hair down to let the witch up Society, 1921), pp. 355-59 each day. A Prince sees and does the same the next day. They fall in love, Prunella and when the witch finds out she sends Rapunzel away, and misleads the Source: Andrew Lang, The Grey Fairy Book (London: Longmans, Green, and Prince. They both wander about until they find each other. Company, 1900), pp. 382-87.

Human essence of this story: Temptation is Strong Don’t take what isn’t yours Love Conquers Good Conquers Evil

Bare Bones Structures: Plot · Neighbors · Temptation · The Agreement · Locked Away · Love · Deception · Finding Eachother

Academic Sources

Thompson, S. Motif Index of Folk Literature. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1966. Online edition.

Folklore and Mythology: www.pitt.edu EDRD 319 Spring 2011 29 Title: Hansel and Gretel Bibliography of Versions (close to tale type)

Motif Index: Hansel and Gretel

K700. Capture by deception Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm, H&au ml;nsel und Gretel, Kinder- und K710. Victim enticed into voluntary captivity or helplessness Hausmärchen (Children's and Household Tales -- Grimms' Fairy Tales), 7th ed. (Berlin, 1857), no. 15. Tale Summary: This tale is about two children that live with their mother and father in the Jan and Hanna woods. The children have to leave because there isn’t enough food. Hansel Karl Haupt, "Hänschen und Hannchen," Sagenbuch der Lausitz, part 2 hears about what is going to happen and gathers pebbles so that he will be (Leipzig: Verlag von Wilhelm Engelmann, 1863), no. 315, pp. 215-216. able to find his way home. The father takes the children out and leaves Old Grule them. Hansel and Gretel find their way back home by following the pebbles. Marie Kosch, "Von der alten Grule," Deutsche Volksmärchen aus Mähren This happens again and the children have to find their way home. They find (Kremsier: Druck und Commissionsverlag Heinrich Gusek, 1899), pp. 92-95. a house made out of food where a witch lives. She invites the children in after she catches them eating parts of her house. She traps Hansel and Bibliography of Variants (somewhat different from tale type) feeds him a lot to make him fat. When she goes to cook him Gretel tricks her and she falls in to the oven. The Children return home safely.

Human essence of this story: Never Give Up Good Conquers Evil Don’t trust everyone

Bare Bones Structures: Plot · Family · Tough times cause separation · Finding their way home · Getting tricked · Captured · Revenge, Safe return

Academic Sources

Thompson, S. Motif Index of Folk Literature. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1966. Online edition.

Folklore and Mythology: www.pitt.edu EDRD 319 Spring 2011 30 Title: Cinderella Bibliography of Versions (close to tale type)

Motif Index: Cinderella S31. S31. Cruel stepmother S34. S34. Cruel stepsister(s) Andrew Lang, The Blue Fairy Book, 5th ed. (London: Longmans, Green, and D410. Transformation: one animal to another Co., 1891), pp. 64-71.

Tale Summary: This tale is about a girl who lives with her step mother and Bibliography of Variants (somewhat different from tale type) step sisters after her father dies. Her step mother and sisters make her do The Cinder Maid all the house chores, and wait on them. A ball is thrown for the Prince, and Joseph Jacobs, Europa's Fairy Book (New York and London: G. P. Putnam's Cinderella is told by her step mother that she can go if she does what she Sons, 1916), pp. 1-12. needs to. Her godmother uses magic to get her ready for the ball. A dress, Fair, Brown, and Trembling carriage, horses, and shoes, everything she needs is given to her until mid Jeremiah Curtin, Myths and Folk-Lore of Ireland (Boston: Little, Brown, and night. She goes to the ball where everyone is in awe of her beauty, Company, 1890), pp. 78-92. especially the Prince. After spending time with the Prince Cinderella has to Rashin-Coatie leave suddenly to make it home by midnight and looses one of her shoes. George Douglas, Scottish Fairy and Folk Tales (New York: A. L. Burt The Prince wants to marry her so he takes the shoe to every home to have Company, n.d. [ca. 1901]), pp. 86-89. the ladies try it on until he finds her. Human essence of this story: Be true to yourself Believe Good things happen to good people

Bare Bones Structures: Plot · Lose of a parent · Step family · Cruel treatment · A night to Remember · Love · The challenge · Together

Academic Sources

Thompson, S. Motif Index of Folk Literature. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1966. Online edition.

Folklore and Mythology: www.pitt.edu EDRD 319 Spring 2011 31 Title The Fox and The Crow Bibliography of Versions (close to tale type)

Motif Index J10. Wisdom (knowledge) acquired from experience,  The Crow and the Fox (La Fontaine).  Jambu-Khādaka-Jātaka. (India). J1100--J1699. CLEVERNESS  Anta-Jātaka (India). Tale Summary  Auac and Lamiran (Philippines).  The Fox and the Raven (China). Fox sees something he wants. Fox tricks crow by complementing crow on its features. Fox ask to hear a song. Crow starts to sing and as it opens its Bibliography of Variants (somewhat different from tale type) mouth the food falls out. Fox grabs it and leaves.  EGYPT: El-Shamy Folktales of Egypt 201-203 Bare Bones Structures  MEXICO: DeSpain Thirty-Three Multicultural Tales to Tells 95-96  Le Corbeau et le Renard (La Fontaine). Human essence of this story  Jambu-Khādaka-Jātaka. (India).  Anta-Jātaka (India). People will lie to get what they want  Auac and Lamiran (Philippines).

Plot

 Fox sees crow with food

 Fox seduces crow with complements  Then ask crow to sing

 Crow starts to sing  Food falls out of crows mouth  Fox snatches it up and leaves

Academic Sources

McDonald, M.R. The Storyteller's Sourcebook. Detroit: Gale Research Company, 1982.

Thompson, S. Motif Index of Folk Literature. Bloomington: Indiana University

Press, 1966.

EDRD 319 Spring 2011 32 Title The Lion & the Mouse Academic Sources

Motif Index Q40. Kindness rewarded, N650. Life saved by accident McDonald, M.R. The Storyteller's Sourcebook. Detroit: Gale Research Company, 1982. Tale Summary Thompson, S. Motif Index of Folk Literature. Bloomington: Indiana University Mouse wakes lion. Lion threatens to eat mouse, but mouse states that it Press, 1966. could save the lions life one day. Lion laughs and lets the mouse go. Few days later the lion is trapped by a hunter’s net. Mouse hears the lion roar Bibliography of Versions (close to tale type) for help, mouse goes. Mouse chews the net and the lion is free. Lion is humbly thankful. Even the weak and small may be of help to those much  The Slave and the Lion (Aesop). mightier than themselves.  Androcles and the Lion (Joseph Jacobs).  The Lion and the Saint [Saint Jerome] (Andrew Lang). Bare Bones Structures  The Lion and the Thorn (Ambrose Bierce).

Human essence of this story Bibliography of Variants (somewhat different from tale type)

Be everyone’s friend (even those you do not think will benefit you) because  ENGLAND, Somerset: Briggs Folktales of England 33-34 you will never know with what or how they may help you.

Plot Predator vs. Prey

 Prey disturbs Predator  Predator threatens to kill Prey  Prey pleads for forgiveness and says it’ll will be of use in the future  Predator lets prey go  Predator is in trouble  Prey comes to the rescue  Predator is humbly thankful. Even the weak and small may be of help to those much mightier than themselves.

EDRD 319 Spring 2011 33 Title The Tortoise and the Hare

Motif Index L200. Modesty brings reward, L450. Proud animal less fortunate Academic Sources than humble McDonald, M.R. The Storyteller's Sourcebook. Detroit: Gale Research Company, 1982.

Tale Summary Thompson, S. Motif Index of Folk Literature. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1966. There was a hare that constantly bragged about being so fast. The tortoise got annoyed and told the hare that it could be beaten. Hare laughed and Bibliography of Versions (close to tale type) challenged the tortuous to a race. Crack of dawn the two met at the starting line. Hare felt tortoise was so slow that the hare had time to take a nap, eat,  INDIA, Tamilnadu: Best Folktales of India 118-121 Bibliography of Variants (somewhat different from tale type) and take another nap. By the end of the second nap the tortoise was very close to finish, the hare was not able to catch up and the tortoise won and laughed at the hare “slowly does it every time”

Bare Bones Structures

Human essence of this story

People in today’s world are so wound up and always want to do everything quick. Never really slowing down to enjoy life and what it has to offer.

Plot

Pride (hare) vs. Wisdom (tortoise)

 Pride gets cocky  Wisdom get annoyed and races pride  Pride feels it is so fast it has time to take breaks  Pride takes nap-Wisdom is 1/3 done with race  Pride then goes get food-Wisdom is ½ way done  Pride takes another nap-Wisdom is almost done  Pride tries to catch up but is too far away  Wisdom wins “Slowly does it every time”

EDRD 319 Spring 2011 34 Breman Town Musicians Versions:

The Robbers and the Farm Animals, Otto Sutermeister. Kinder- und Hausmärchen aus der Schweiz (Aarau: Druck und Verlag von H. R. K335. K335. Thief frightens owner from goods. Sauerlaender, 1873), pp. 91-94

K310. Means of entering house or treasury. The Bull, the Tup, the Cock, and the Steg, Folk-Lore, vol. 20 (1909), pp. 75- 76. Collected in Gainford, County Durham, by Alice Ecleston, 1893 or earlier.

Human essence: working together to accomplish a goal, friends becoming family, finding food and shelter

Variants

Summary: After each being abandoned by their owners, four animals, a cat, The Story of the White Pet, J. F. Campbell, Popular Tales of the West a dog, a donkey, and a rooster, band together and go in search of food and Highlands (London, 1890), v. 1, pp. 199-202. shelter to start their new lives together. As they are walking they come across a house full of robbers. They climb on top of each other to look inside Jack and His Comrades, Joseph Jacobs, Celtic Fairy Tales (London: David the window and they see a huge feast laid out on the table. The robbers Nutt, 1892), pp. 112-120. look out the window to see the cat’s eyes glowing and are so scared that they run out of their house. When they come back inside, the house is dark, but the animals are still there. The animals bite, scratch, and kick the robbers, who then run away thinking that their house is haunted.

Bare Bones:

 4 animals are abandoned by their owners  They become friends and start walking looking for a new home and some food.  They come across a house full of robbers with lots of food.  The animals scare the robbers out of their own house.  The animals settle in their new home and never see the robbers again.

EDRD 319 Spring 2011 35 Hansel and Gretel Versions:

Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm, Kinder- und Hausmärchen (Children's and Nennillo and Nennella Giambattista Basile, Stories from the Pentamerone, Household Tales -- Grimms' Fairy Tales), 7th ed. (Berlin, 1857), no. 15. edited by E. F. Strange (London: Macmillan and Company, 1911). K500. K500. Escape from death or danger by deception P253.4. P253.4. Girl comes to brother‘s aid when he is attacked. Jan and Hanna, Carl Haupt, "Hänschen und Hannchen," Sagenbuch der Lausitz, part 2 (Leipzig: Verlag von Wilhelm Engelmann, 1863), no. 315, pp. G236. G236. Witch lives in forest R219. R219. Escapes 215-216. Human Essence: Abandoned children, hunger, fear, wanting to trust people, people being evil Variants Summary: Hansel and Gretel are lead into the forest after their parents run out of food and decide to abandon them. As they are leaving, Hansel drops Little Thumb, Andrew Lang, The Blue Fairy Book (London: Longmans, Green, shiny pebbles along the path, so the children will be able to find their way and Company, ca. 1889), pp. 231-241. Lang's source: Charles Perrault, home. The next morning they arrive home, but again are led into the forest Histoires ou contes du temps passé, avec des moralités: Contes de ma mère by their parents when food runs low again. This time, Hansel drops l'Oye (Paris, 1697). breadcrumbs, but birds ate the bread, leaving the children with no way to Molly Whuppie, Joseph Jacobs, English Fairy Tales (London: David Nutt, get home. The children wander around the forest and come upon a house 1898), pp. 125-30. made of bread and candy. The woman who lives there invites the children inside. At first she is nice, but then she reveals that she plans to eat the children. For several days, they stay there, but on the day that the witch plans to eat them, Gretel pushes the witch into the oven and kills her. The children escape and come home, bringing some of the witch’s jewels with them. Hansel, Gretel, and the father live happily after.

Bare Bones:

 Children are abandoned by their parents, but children are able to get home.  Again, parents try to abandon children.  This time they are successful.  The children wander around an area until they come across the house of someone who is willing to give them a place to sleep.  The owner of the house ends up being evil and wanting to eat them.  The children must trick the evil person in order to escape.  The children return home and live happily ever after. EDRD 319 Spring 2011 36 The Princess and the Pea The Most Sensitive Woman Christian Schneller, "Die Empfindlichste" (La più delicata), Märchen und Sagen aus Wälschtirol (Innsbruck: Verlag der Hans Christian Andersen, Prinsessen på ærten (1835) Wagner'schen Universitäts-Buchhandlung, 1867), no. 45, pp. 128-29. H41.1. H41.1. Princess on the pea. Princess recognized by her inability to sleep on bed which has a pea under its dozen mattresses.

Human Essence: Meeting your spouse, having the in-laws approve, being a perfect match, falling in love.

Summary: A prince is looking for the perfect bride and wants to find the most sensitive woman to marry. One day during a rainstorm, a beautiful woman comes to the gate asking for a place to sleep for the night. She claims to be a real princess, but is doubted. In order to test her, the queen places a pea under many mattresses and comforters. In the morning, when the woman is asked how she slept, she replies that she was tossing and turning because there was something so hard under her mattress, thus proving she is in fact a true princess.

Bare Bones:

 A man is in search of his wife.  He picks a quality that is very important in a bride to him.  He searches and searches finding qualified candidates, but none that are quite right.  One day he meets a woman who is perfect possessing all the qualities he desires.  They are married.

Variants

The Three Delicate Wives of King Virtue-Banner: Which Is the Most Delicate? Arthur William Ryder, transl. Twenty-Two Goblins (London and Toronto: J. M. Dent and Sons; New York: E. P. Dutton and Co., 1917), pp. 87- 90.

EDRD 319 Spring 2011 37 Title Beauty and the Beast Bibliography of Versions (close to tale type)

Motif Index 425C, revealing the knowledge of animal language; 110D,  The Young Misses Magazine, Containing Dialogues between a transformation of a man into a beast Governess and Several Young Ladies of Quality Her Scholars, by Madam Prince de Beaumont, 4th ed., v. 1 (London: C. Nourse, Tale Summary 1783), pp. 45-67. First published in 1756 in France under the title Magasin des enfans, ou dialogues entre une sage gouvernante et A girl goes in her father’s place to face death by a beast. Instead she sees plusieure de ses élèves. The first English translation appeared in past the beast’s appearance and falls in love with him. When she agrees to 1757. marry him he turns into a prince.  Wentworth Webster, Basque Legends, 2nd edition (London: Griffith and Farran, 1879), pp. 167-72. Bare Bones Structures  Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm, "Von dem Sommer- und Wintergarten," Kinder- und Hausmärchen (1812), vol. 1, no. 68.  Seeing past looks, what lies beneath counts more than the surface Bibliography of Variants (somewhat different from tale type)  Father offends a beast in castle and is sentenced to death  Daughter offers to go in his place  Disney’s Beauty and the Beast  Daughter and beast slowly grow closer  Sutermeister, Otto. Kinder- und Hausmärchen aus der Schweiz. Aarau:  They become friends Sauerländer, 1873.  Beast tries to merry her and she refuses  Hearne, Betsy. Beauties and Beasts. The Oryx Multicultural Folktale  Is allowed to see her family Series. Phoenix: Oryx Press, 1993.  Sees how much she loves the beast  Beast almost dies  She consents to marry him  He turns into a prince  They get married

Academic Sources

McDonald, M.R. The Storyteller's Sourcebook. Detroit: Gale Research Company, 1982.

Thompson, S. Motif Index of Folk Literature. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1966.

EDRD 319 Spring 2011 38 Title The Three Billy Goats Gruff Bibliography of Versions (close to tale type)

Tale Summary Three goats want to eat grass on the other side of a bridge,  Adalbert Kuhn, "Wie die Ziegen nach Hessen gekommen sind," but as each tries to pass it is stopped by a hungry troll attempting to eat the Sagen Gebräuche und Märchen aus Westfalen und einigen andern, goat. The goat, then tell him to eat the next bigger goat. The last goat is besonders den angrenzenden Gegenden Norddeutschlands (Leipzig: F. A. Brockhaus, 1859), v. 2, pp. 250-251. Translated by D. L. bigger than the troll and stomps him and gets across the bridge. Ashliman. Bare Bones Structures  Karl Haupt, "Die drei Ziegen," Sagenbuch der Lausitz, v. 2 (Leipzig: Verlag von Wilhelm Engelmann, 1863), no. 320, p. 222.  The grass isn’t always better on the other side  Peter Christen Asbjørnsen and Jørgen Moe, De tre bukkene Bruse  Goats want to cross a bridge to get food som skulle gå til seters og gjøre seg fete, Norske Folkeeventyr,  Troll jumps out and want to eat them translated by George Webbe Dasent in Popular Tales from the  As each goat passes it says the next is bigger and to eat the next one Norse, 2nd edition (London: George Routledge and Sons, n.d.), no.  The troll lets each go until the last 37, pp. 275-276. Translation revised by D. L. Ashliman.  The last is bigger than the troll and smashes him to death Bibliography of Variants (somewhat different from tale type)  The goats go eat on the other side of the bridge  The Three Billy Goats Gruff [Paperback] Paul Galdone

 The Little Golden book The Three Billy Goats Gruff Academic Sources 

McDonald, M.R. The Storyteller's Sourcebook. Detroit: Gale Research Company, 1982.

Thompson, S. Motif Index of Folk Literature. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1966.

EDRD 319 Spring 2011 39 Title Tim Tit Tot (aka: Rumpelstiltskin) Bibliography of Versions (close to tale type)

Motif Index W157 dishonesty; K69 absurd contest won by deception  Rumpelstiltskin (Turtleback School & Library Binding Edition) [School & Library Binding] by Paul O. Zelinsky  Brothers Grimm fairy tales  One Hundred Favorite Folktales by Stith Thompson Tale Summary A dumb girl says she can spin 5 spools of thread. A king Bibliography of Variants (somewhat different from tale type) overhears and says she can marry him if she make these for him at the end of the year. She marries him and when the year comes around she cannot  Rumpelstiltskin's Daughter [Paperback] by Diane Stanley complete the task so a little imp comes and helps her if she can his name, if not he will take her at the end of the month. She does not guess his name, but the king overhears it in the woods and tells her about the oddity. She guesses the name and gets to keep her life.

Bare Bones Structures

 Be careful who you trust  Girl exaggerates her spooling skills to impress a king  King marries her if she can prove this otherwise she will die  Cannot fulfill task  Little imps comes to complete the task if she can guess his name  Someone else hears his name and tells her  She guesses his name  He leaves and she gets to keep her life

Academic Sources

McDonald, M.R. The Storyteller's Sourcebook. Detroit: Gale Research Company, 1982.

Thompson, S. Motif Index of Folk Literature. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1966.

EDRD 319 Spring 2011 40 Title Beauty and the Beast Bibliography of Versions (close to tale type)

Motif Index K1800--K1899 and W10  Joseph Jacobs, Europa's Fairy Book [also published under the title European Folk and Fairy Tales] (New York: G. P. Putnam's Human Essence: People like stories where kindness is rewarded. This story Sons, 1916), no. 5, pp. 34-41. Reconstructed from various also has a happy ending. European sources.  Von dem Sommer- und Wintergarten," Kinder- und Hausmärchen (1812), vol. 1, no. 68.  Robin McKinley, “Beauty: a retelling of the story of Beauty & the Tale Summary Merchant has three daughters. When leaving for a trip his Beast” (1978) New York: Harper & Row. youngest daughter asks him to bring her back a rose. The merchant picks a  The Young Misses Magazine, Containing Dialogues between a rose from the garden that belongs to a beast. Beast tells merchant he will Governess and Several Young Ladies of Quality Her Scholars, by kill him unless he brings his youngest daughter to the castle. Merchant Madam Prince de Beaumont, 4th ed., v. 1 (London: C. Nourse, brings his youngest daughter the castle, and she becomes friends with the 1783), pp. 45-67. First published in 1756 in France under the title Magasin des enfans, ou dialogues entre une sage beast. One day when the beast is about to die she tells him she loves him gouvernante et plusieure de ses élèves. The first English and he turns into a handsome prince, explaining he was put under a spell. translation appeared in 1757. The prince and the girl get married.  Graves Warren, “Beauty and the Beast” (1982) New York, N.Y. : Dramatists Play Service Plot  Leprince de Beaumont, Madame (Jeanne-Marie), 1711-1780. Belle et la bête.  Youngest daughter asks father to bring back a rose for her Bibliography of Variants (somewhat different from tale type)  Father picks rose from a Beasts garden, and is forced to bring his youngest daughter to stay at the beasts castle  Wentworth Webster, Basque Legends, 2nd edition (London:  The beast and the daughter become friends Griffith and Farran, 1879), pp. 167-72.  One day the beast is about to die and the young daughter tells him  "Das Nusszweiglein," Ludwig Bechsteins Märchenbuch, 32nd she loves him. edition (Leipzig: Verlag von Georg Wigand, 1879), pp. 69-74.  The beast transforms into a handsome prince  Carl and Theodor Colshorn, "Vom klinkesklanken Lowesblatt,"  The prince and the daughter get married Märchen und Sagen aus Hannover (Hannover: Verlag von Carl Ruempler, 1854), no. 20, pp. 64-69  J. Christian Bay, Danish Fairy and Folk Tales (New York and Academic Sources London: Harper and Brothers, 1899), pp. 14-20. McDonald, M.R. The Storyteller's Sourcebook. Detroit: Gale Research  Thomas Frederick Crane, Italian Popular Tales (London: Macmillan and Company, 1885), no. 2, pp. 7-11. Company, 1982.

Thompson, S. Motif Index of Folk Literature. Bloomington: Indiana University

Press, 1966.

EDRD 319 Spring 2011 41 Title The Frog Prince Thompson, S. Motif Index of Folk Literature. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1966. Motif Index D390. Transformation: reptiles and miscellaneous animals to persons. Also see Q0. Bibliography of Versions (close to tale type)

Human Essence: People like stories that have a happy ending and the good  Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm, Kinder- und Hausmärchen, 1st ed. (Berlin, person is rewarded. 1812/1815), v. 1, no. 1  German Popular Stories, translated [by Edgar Taylor] from the Kinder und Tale Summary One day a princess goes down to the spring and is tossing Haus Märchen, collected by M. M. Grimm, from Oral Tradition (London: with her favorite toy, a golden ball. She drops the ball and it rolls into the C. Baldwyn, 1823), pp. 205-210. spring. A frog appears from the spring and tells the princess that if she will  Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm, Der Froschprinz, Kinder- und Hausmärchen, love him, he will bring her back her ball. Thinking the frog is silly; the 1st ed. (Berlin, 1812/1815), v. 2, no. 13.  Carl and Theodor Colshorn, Der verwunschene Frosch, Märchen und princess agrees to do as he asks. Upon this agreement, the frog gives the Sagen (Hannover: Verlag von Carl Rümpler, 1854), no. 42, pp. 139-141. princess her ball, and she runs home without him. Later that night the frog  Joseph Jacobs, English Fairy Tales (London: David Nutt, 1890), pp. 215- appears at her house. The king tells the princess she must keep her promise 19. to the frog, so the princess allows the frog to eat and sleep with her. This  James Orchard Halliwell-Phillipps, Popular Rhymes and Nursery Tales: A happens for three nights. The morning after the third night however, the Sequel to the Nursery Rhymes of England (London: John Russell Smith, frog transforms into a handsome prince, and tells the princess that he was 1849), pp. 43-47. under a spell. The prince and the princess are married.  W. Henry Jones and Lewis L. Kropf, The Folk-Tales of the Magyars (London: Published for the Folk-Lore Society by Elliot Stock, 1889), pp. Plot 404-405.  H. Parker, Village Folk Tales of Ceylon (1910), v. 1, pp. 59-62.  Princess loses her favorite toy in the spring  Frog appears and tells princess he will bring her the toy if she allows Bibliography of Variants (somewhat different from tale type) him to live with her  Princess promises, and her toy is returned  W. Henry Jones and Lewis L. Kropf, The Folk-Tales of the Magyars  Frog shows up at the castle three nights in a row (London: Published for the Folk-Lore Society by Elliot Stock, 1889), pp.  The morning after the third night the frog turns into a handsome 224-26. prince, explaining he was under a spell  J. F. Campbell, Popular Tales of the West Highlands: Orally Collected, vol.  Princess and Prince decide to be married 2 (Edinburgh: Edmonston and Douglas, 1860), no. 33, pp. 130-32.  Robert Chambers, Popular Rhymes of Scotland: New Edition (London and Edinburgh: W. and R. Chambers, 1870), pp. 87-89. Academic Sources  William Elliot Griffis, The Unmannerly Tiger, and Other Korean Tales (New York: Thomas Y. Crowell Company, 1911), pp. 112-125. McDonald, M.R. The Storyteller's Sourcebook. Detroit: Gale Research Company, 1982.

EDRD 319 Spring 2011 42

Title The Sheep, the Lamb, the Wolf, and the Hare Motif Index K520. Death escaped through disguise, shamming, or Bibliography of Versions (close to tale type) substitution  W. F. O'Connor, Folk Tales from Tibet (London: Hurst Human Essence: People like suspense and a story where the good guy wins. and Blackett, 1906), pp. 56-59.  Joel Chandler Harris, Nights with Uncle Remus (Boston Tale Summary Every summer a sheep and her lamb leave their home in the and New York: Houghton, Mifflin, and Company, 1883), valley to go to a place where there is an abundant amount of green grass to no. 65, pp. 366-70. eat. One year the sheep and the lamb are stopped by a Wolf. The wolf wants to eat them but the sheep tells him to wait until the end of the Bibliography of Variants (somewhat different from tale type) summer when she and the lamb are fatter. The wolf agrees and tells the  Joseph Jacobs, Indian Fairy Tales (London: David Nutt, sheep and the lamb to meet him at the same spot at the end of the 1892), no. 3, pp. 17-20. summer. The sheep and the lamb eat a lot of grass all summer and get fat.  Theodor Vernaleken, "Der Hund und der Wolf," On their journey back to the valley the sheep remembers her deal with the Österreichische Kinder- und Hausmärchen: Treu nach wolf and is sad. The sheep and the lamb meet a hare who offers to help mündlicher Überlieferung (Vienna and Leipzig: them. The Hare dresses up in his finest clothing and meets the wolf the WilhelmBraumüller, 1896), no. 9, pp. 39-43. next day. He tells the wolf he is supposed to collect wolf skins for the China  Peter Christen Asbjørnsen and Jørgen Moe, De tre Embassy, and the wolf is so scared he runs away. The sheep and her lamb bukkene Bruse som skulle gå til seters og gjøre seg fete, travel home safely. Norske Folkeeventyr, translated by George Webbe Dasent in Popular Tales from the Norse, 2nd edition Plot (London: George Routledge and Sons, n.d.), no. 37, pp.  Sheep and lamb go to the valley in the summer to eat grass 275-276. Translation revised by D. L. Ashliman  One the way they meet a wolf who wants to eat them  Karl Haupt, "Die drei Ziegen," Sagenbuch der Lausitz, v.  Lamb makes deal to meet wolf in same spot at the end of the 2 (Leipzig: Verlag von Wilhelm Engelmann, 1863), no. summer when she and the lamb are fatter 320, p. 222.  Sheep and Lamb eat grass all summer long and get fat  Adalbert Kuhn, "Wie die Ziegen nach Hessen gekommen  On journey home, sheep and lamb meet a hare and tell him about sind," Sagen Gebräuche und Märchen aus Westfalen how wolf is going to eat them und einigen andern, besonders den angrenzenden  Hare dresses up and scares wolf away Gegenden Norddeutschlands (Leipzig: F. A. Brockhaus,  Sheep and lamb get home safely 1859), v. 2, pp. 250-251. Translated by D. L. Ashliman.

Academic Sources McDonald, M.R. The Storyteller's Sourcebook. Detroit: Gale Research Company, 1982. Thompson, S. Motif Index of Folk Literature. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1966.

EDRD 319 Spring 2011 43 Title: The End of the World

Motif Index J1820. Inappropriate action from misunderstanding Academic Sources J1750--J1849. Absurd misunderstandings J830. Adaptability to overpowering force McDonald, M.R. The Storyteller's Sourcebook. Detroit: Gale Research J1150. Cleverness connected with the giving of evidence Company, 1982.

Tale Summary: One day a Hare was fantasying he world ending when he Thompson, S. Motif Index of Folk Literature. Bloomington: Indiana University heard a loud thump and bolted in the opposite direction think the world Press, 1966. was falling apart. Slowly one by one other animals joined the Hare in his Bibliography of Versions (close to tale type) frantic run. Once the entire jungle had joined the Hare in his run the Lion roared three times and asked why all the animals were running. After asking  Source: Folk Tales from China, second series (Peking: Foreign every animal one by one he final came to the Hare and learned of the Languages Press, 1959), pp. 30-32. No copyright notice. source of the running. The Lion wanted to be sure if the world was really  Source: The Jataka; or, Stories of the Buddha's Former Births, edited by E. B. Cowell, vol. 3 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, falling so he went to the spot the hare had described where the hare had 1897), no. 322, pp. 49-52. heard the thud. He found a Vilva tree and a large piece of fruit that had  Source: Anton Schiefner, Tibetan Tales: Derived from Indian Sources, fallen near where the Hare had been sitting. The Lion told all the animals to translated by W. R. S. Ralston (London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Tr•bner, fear not, the world was not falling apart. and Company, 1906), no. 22, pp. 296-98. Bibliography of Variants (somewhat different from tale type) Bare Bones Structures  Source: James Orchard Halliwell-Phillipps, Popular Rhymes and Human essence of this story: Humans love to be right and to make people Nursery Tales: A Sequel to The Nursery Rhymes of England (London: look foolish. We think it’s our responsibility to tell people who are dumber J. R. Smith, 1849), pp. 29-31. than us the right things to do if they are doing something foolish. And  Source: Robert Chambers, Popular Rhymes of Scotland, new edition humans misunderstand things all the time, we all make mistakes. It’s only (London and Edinburgh: W. and R. Chambers, 1870), p. 59. Preface “human”. dated November 24, 1841.  Source: Patrick Kennedy, The Fireside Stories of Ireland (Dublin: Plot M'Glashan and Gill, 1870), p. 25.  Source: Peter Christen Asbjørnsen and Jørgen Moe, Popular Tales  Hare sitting under the Vilva tree from the North, translated by George Webbe Dasent, new edition  The rabbit hears a giant thud and runs (New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons; Edinburgh: David Douglas, 1912),  Monkeys, hippos, giraffes and elephants follow pp. 353-56.  Lion stops heard of running animals  Source: Benjamin Thorpe, Yule-Tide Stories: A Collection of  Returns to site of Vilva tree Scandinavian and North German Popular Tales and Traditions, from  Explains that the world isn’t falling apart the Swedish, Danish, and German, (London: Henry G. Bohn, 1853),  The Hare feels guilty for jumping to conclusions pp. 421-22.

EDRD 319 Spring 2011 44 Title Beauty and the Beast Academic Sources

Motif Index H315.1. H315.1. Suitor test: to make the princess fall in love McDonald, M.R. The Storyteller's Sourcebook. Detroit: Gale Research with him. India: Thompson-Balys. Company, 1982. H1020. Tasks contrary to laws of nature B29.7. B29.7. Man-bear. Jewish: Neuman. Thompson, S. Motif Index of Folk Literature. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1966. Tale Summary A father with three daughters goes on a trip and wants to get his daughters each a gift. On his return trip the father stops to collect his Bibliography of Versions (close to tale type) third daughters present, a rose. As he is nearing the road to go home he  Source: Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm, "Von dem Sommer- und finds a rose patch and takes a rose. A beast confronts him and demands he Wintergarten," Kinder- und Hausmärchen (1812), vol. 1, no. 68. give either his or his youngest daughters life to him. Sometime later the  Source: "Das Nusszweiglein," Ludwig Bechsteins Märchenbuch, 32nd father presents his daughter to the beast. After spending time with the edition (Leipzig: Verlag von Georg Wigand, 1879), pp. 69-74. beast the daughter grows fond of the beast. One day she finds him laying  Source: Ludwig Bechstein, "Besenstielchen," Sämtliche Märchen, down dead she professes her love for him and he turns into a wonderfully edited by Walter Scherf (Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, 1983), pp. 416-20. handsome prince. They are married then married.  Source: J. Christian Bay, Danish Fairy and Folk Tales (New York and Bare Bones Structures London: Harper and Brothers, 1899), pp. 14-20.  Source: Otto Sutermeister, "Der Bärenprinz," Kinder- und Human essence of this story: Hausmärchen aus der Schweiz (Aarau: H. R. Sauerländer, 1873), no. 37, pp. 112-15. Transformation is a wonderful idea of many people. The ides that one love  Source: Thomas Frederick Crane, Italian Popular Tales (London: or person can turn you from what you hate into something beautiful. And as Macmillan and Company, 1885), no. 2, pp. 7-11. long as you love someone enough you will see them as beautiful. Bibliography of Variants (somewhat different from tale type)

Plot  Source: Wentworth Webster, Basque Legends, 2nd edition (London: Griffith and Farran, 1879), pp. 167-72.  A merchant father and his three daughters  Source: Carl and Theodor Colshorn, "Vom klinkesklanken Lowesblatt,"  Goes on a trip but forgets to get a rose for his youngest Märchen und Sagen aus Hannover (Hannover: Verlag von Carl  Plucks a rose from the beasts garden Ruempler, 1854), no. 20, pp. 64-69.  Daughter is doomed to live with beast because of fathers thieving  Source: Source: Ignaz and Joseph Zingerle, "Die singende Rose," Kinder-  Bella waited upon by invisible servants und Hausmärchen (Innsbruck: Verlag der Wagner'schen Buchhandlung,  Bella finds beast dead by rose bush 1852), no. 30, pp. 183-88.  Bella and prince get married

EDRD 319 Spring 2011 45 Title: The Devils Bridge McDonald, M.R. The Storyteller's Sourcebook. Detroit: Gale Research Company, 1982. Motif Index: K210. Devil cheated of his promised soul K100. Deceptive bargain K520. Death escaped through disguise, shamming, or substitution Thompson, S. Motif Index of Folk Literature. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1966. Tale Summary: A carpenter is given an assignment from his village to rebuild the bridge that connects the village to a nearby trading village. They Bibliography of Versions (close to tale type) will pay him a fortune of a life time if he can finish it in three days. Knowing  Source: Jacob and Wilelm Grimm, Deutsche Sagen (1816), vol. 1, no. he cannot do it all alone he calls upon the devil to help him. The devils only 337. request is that in return for building this bridge he gets the first soul that  Source: Marie Alker Günther, Tales and Legends of the Tyrol crosses it. When the bridge is done the carpenter takes his goat to the (London: Chapman and Hall, 1874), pp. 179-81. bridge and kicks it ahead of himself so that it is the first soul to pass. That is  Source: W. J. Wintemberg, "German Folk-Tales Collected in why till this day goats have short tails and no souls. Canada," The Journal of American Folklore, vol. 19, no. 74 (July - September 1906), p. 242. Bare Bones Structures Bibliography of Variants (somewhat different from tale type)

Human essence of this story:  Source: Wirt Sikes, British Goblins: Welsh Folk-Lore, Fairy Mythology, Legends, and Traditions, 2nd edition (London: Sampson Low, Marston, Humans want to cheat death and anything else they are smart enough to Searle, and Rivington, 1880), pp. 205-206. trick. Cheating the Devil, the most evil and clever thing in this world is a  Source: Edmund Bogg, A Thousand Miles of Wandering along the rewarding to think about. Roman Wall, the Old Border Region, Lakeland, and Ribblesdale (Leeds: Edmund Bogg, 1898), pp. 229-30. Plot  Source: W. Jenkyn Thomas, The Welsh Fairy Book (London: T. Fisher Unwin, Ltd., [1908], pp. 286-290.  Vital bridge breaks  Source: Ella Mary Leather, The Folk-Lore of Herefordshire (Hereford:  Carpenter is hired to rebuild Jakeman and Carver; London: Sidgwick and Jackson, 1912), p. 164.  Cannot do it alone  Source: Thomas Parkinson, Yorkshire Legends and Traditions, as Told by  Satan demands first soul as payment for bridge Her Ancient Chroniclers, Her Poets, and Journalists (London: Elliot Stock,  Lesser animal used to cross bridge first 1888), pp. 121-24.  Satan flees angrily

Academic Sources

EDRD 319 Spring 2011 46 Title: The Princess on the Pea by Hans Christian Andersen McDonald, M.R. The Storyteller's Sourcebook. Detroit: Gale Research Company, 1982. Motif Index H41.1. Princess on the pea. Princess recognized by her inability to sleep on bed which has a pea under its dozen mattresses. Thompson, S. Motif Index of Folk Literature. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1966. Tale Summary Bibliography of Versions (close to tale type) Prince is looking for the perfect Princess; she must be a real princess. The entire Princess so far was not quite right. Then one night a princess showed  The brothers Grimm, Grimm’s Fairy tales, ADBO inc. up at the gates, the Prince thought this was the one, but the Queen had a Minnesota,1990, P 184-192  Janet Perlman, The Penguin and the Pea. Toronto, 2004. test to test to see if she is a real one. The queen went into where the Bibliography of Variants (somewhat different from tale type) princess was going to stay and put a pea under 20 mattresses. In the morning the Princess woke up and said she did not sleep well and her back  Christian Schneller, "Die Empfindlichste" was black and blue. She was a real princess and was married to the prince.  Arthur William Ryder, Twenty-Two Goblins, Dent and Sons; New York 1917, P87-90 Bare Bones Structures  Alain Vaës, The princess and the pea. Boston 2001.  Mary Jane Auch, The Princess and the Pizza. New York 2002. Human essence of this story:

The human essence of this story is that the princess overcame a tough test, I.E. feeling the pea under all those mattresses. We as humans we hope for the underdog to do well, which she does.

Plot

 Son is looking for perfect suitor  The mother wants what is best for him  The mother comes up with a test for the candidate to see if she is the right one.

 The candidate passes the hardest of tests  The Candidate proves herself to be the right one

Academic Sources

EDRD 319 Spring 2011 47 Title: The Emperor's New Clothes by Hans Christian Andersen

Academic Sources Motif Index J2312. Naked person made to believe that he is clothed McDonald, M.R. The Storyteller's Sourcebook. Detroit: Gale Research Tale Summary: There was an Emperor who loved to have the finest of Company, 1982. clothing. Two Swindlers came to the emperor and told him that they could make him the most magnificent set of clothing. The only catch that it could Thompson, S. Motif Index of Folk Literature. Bloomington: Indiana University not be seen by anybody that was stupid. The Emperor loves the idea of it Press, 1966. and wanted a set right away so he could tell who was stupid on his staff. He paid the Swindlers a lot of money and gave them the finest of wool and Bibliography of Versions (close to tale type) gold. The Swindlers pretended to work very hard on these non exciting  Henry Parker, The Invisible Silk Rope. Village Folk-Tales of Ceylon, clothing. As time went on the Emperor sent his high advisors to go check on London 1914, no. 89, pp. 66-69\ the progress of the clothing. When they would check it out they wouldn’t  Sheykh-Zada, The King's New Turban The History of the Forty Vezirs. see anything but they didn’t want to seem stupid so they pretended that it London, 1886, pp. 148-149. was the best thing they have ever seen. When they finally finished they “put  Diane Goode, The dinosaur’s new clothes, 1999 on” his new clothes and the Emperor went out into his kingdom to show it  Jane Yolen, King Long Shanks, 1999 off. After a little bit A little boy came up to him and told him he was not  wearing any clothes at all. The king realized that he had been tricked but still pretended to wear his new suit. Bibliography of Variants (somewhat different from tale type)

Bare Bones Structures  Charles Swynnerton, The King and the Clever Girl, Indian Nights' Entertainment. no. 22, pp. 56-62 Human essence of this story: The Human Essence of this story is the  Kathryn Lasky, The Emperor's Old Clothes,1999 trickery that is going on. As humans we want the Emperor to fall for the trick by the Swindlers, which he does.

Plot

 Man cares a lot about clothing

 Tricksters clam to make an invisible suit  The suit can only be seen by people who are smart  The Man demands to have it and pays Tricksters  The Tricksters “make the suit” and dress the man  Man goes out into public and realizes he had been tricked

EDRD 319 Spring 2011 48 Title : Little Red Riding hood by Charles Perrault Thompson, S. Motif Index of Folk Literature. Bloomington: Indiana University Motif Index K2011. Wolf poses as”grandmother“and kills child. (Red Riding Press, 1966. Hood.) Bibliography of Versions (close to tale type) Tale Summary  Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm. Little red cap. Kinder- und Hausmärchen, A little girl is on her way to go see her sick grandmother. On her way there 1st ed. (Berlin, 1812), v. 1, no. 26. she runs into a wolf. The wolf asked where she is going and tells him where  A. H. Wratislaw, Sixty Folk-Tales from Exclusively Slavonic Sources her grandma lives. The wolf then races the girl to the grandmother’s house. (London: Elliot Stock, 1889), no. 15, pp. 97-100. When he got there he tricked the grandmother and ate her and waited for  Andrew Lang, The Red Fairy Book, 5th edition (London and New the little girl to come. When the little girl came The wolf had pretended to York: Longmans, Green, and Company, 1895), pp. 215-19.  James Finn Garner, Little Red riding hood. Politically Correct be the grandmother and ate the little girl too. Bedtime Stories Macmillan Publishing USA.1994 Bare Bones Structures  Trina Schart Hyman, Little Red Riding Hood. 1983

Human essence of this story: The human essence to this story is when the Bibliography of Variants (somewhat different from tale type) wolf eats the grandma and Red Riding hood. In stories we look for nice,  Beatrix Potter, The Tale of Jemima Puddle-Duck (New York: Frederick peaceful stories but never want to hear the bad things that go on in them. Warne and Company, 1908). This story is  Susan Lowell, Little Red Cowboy Hat. New York. 1997  David Vozar, Yo hungry wolf. North Carolina. 1993 Plot

 Predator/ Prey

 Prey leaves house to go see an elder and runs into Predator  Predator tricks Prey and gets to the elder before prey.  Predator Eats elder  Predator pretends to be Preys elder and then eats the Prey

Academic Sources

McDonald, M.R. The Storyteller's Sourcebook. Detroit: Gale Research Company, 1982.

EDRD 319 Spring 2011 49 Title Jack and the Beanstalk Thompson, S. Motif Index of Folk Literature. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1966. Motif Index U60 also see G100—G199 Bibliography of Versions (close to tale type) Tale Summary  Joseph Jacobs, English Fairy Tales (London: David Nutt, 1890) no. A mother and her son with their cow milky white where barely getting by. 13, pp. 59-67 The milk was all they had. The cow quite giving milk so they needed to sell  Andrew Lang, The Red Fairy Book (London: Longmans, Green, and it. The son Jack came back with beans the where magical. The bean stock Company, 1895), pp. 133-145. First published 1890. grew all the way to the sky where Jack would climb and still from a mean  Edwin Sidney Harland, English Fairy and Other Folk Tales (London: ogre. The Walter Scott Publishing Company, n.d. [ca.1890], pp. 35-46.  Elsie Clews Parsons, “Tales from Maryland and Pennsylvania,” The Bare Bones Structures Journal of Ameerican Foldlore, vol. 30, no. 116 (April-June, 1917), pp. 212-13 Human essence of this story

Stealing from the rich so the poor can make it. Bibliography of Variants (somewhat different from tale type)

Plot  Dawkins, R. M., ed. and trans. The Boy Called Thirteen. Modern Greek Folktales. Oxford, England: Clarendon Press, 1953.  Milky white stops producing milk  Clouston, William Alexander. Adventures With Giants. Popular Tales  Jack takes her to the market to sell her and Fictions. Christine Goldberg, ed. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO,  Trades her for magical beans 2002.  Mother throws them out the window  Afanasyev, Aleksandr. The Cock and the Hand Mill. Russian Fairy  Overnight bean stock grow up to the sky Tales. Norbert Guterman, translator. New York: Pantheon Books,  Climbs it and find ogres house 1945.  Steals a bag of gold  Delarue, Paul, ed. The Giant Goulaffre.The Borzoi Book of French  Steals the hen that lays golden eggs Folk Tales. Austin E. Fife, translator. New York: Alfred E. Knopf,  Steals golden harp 1956.  Ogres chases him and starts to climb down the later  Lang, Andrew, ed. How the Stalos Were Tricked. The Pink Fairy  Jack get down first and chops it down and ogre falls with it Book. New York: Dover, 1967. (Original published 1897.)

Academic Sources

McDonald, M.R. The Storyteller's Sourcebook. Detroit: Gale Research Company, 1982.

EDRD 319 Spring 2011 50 Title Three Billy Goats Gruff Thompson, S. Motif Index of Folk Literature. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1966. Motif Index 122E, K0, and J1100—J1249 D. L. Ashliman, Popular Tales From Norse. London: George Routledge and Tale Summary Son n. d, 1996 There are three goats all named Gruff. They are starting to run out of grass Bibliography of Versions (close to tale type) on the side of the bridge that they are on. So they want to cross the bridge. Under the bridge is a mean troll that leaves there. The goats want to cross  Karl Haupt, “Die drei Ziegen” Sagenbuch der Lausitz, v. 2 (Lepzing. the bridge to get to the other side and eat the grass that is full and thick Verlag von Wihelm Engellmann, 1863), no. 320, p. 22. Translated by over there. The fist little one crosses and tells the troll you don’t want to D. L. Ashilman eat me you should wait for the other goat it is even fatter. The second cross  Adalber Kuhn, “Wie die Ziegen nach Hessen gekommen sind,” Sagen Gedrauche und Marchen aus Westfalen und einiger andern, and told the troll the same thing and the third crossed and the troll stopped besonders den angrenzenden Gegender Norddeutschland (Lepzing. the goat. The third goat then crushed the troll and the three Billy goats F. A. Brockhaus, 1859), v. 2 pp. 250-251. Translated by D. L. lifted happily eating grass. Ashiman. Bibliography of Variants (somewhat different from tale type) Bare Bones Structures  W. F. O’Connor, Folk Tales from Tibet (London: Hurst and Blackett, Human essence of this story 1906), pp. 56-59  Joseph Jacobs, Indian Fairy Tales (London: David Nutt, 1892), no. 3, pp. The weak being picked on and the strong standing up to the bully. 17-20 Joel Ghandler Harries, Nights with Uncle Remus, (Boston and New York: Plot Houghton, Mifflin, and Company, 1883),  Prey run out of food  Have to cross a bridge to get to food  Bridge is graded my troll

 Prey tricks the troll many times  Prey over comes the troll  Prey crushes the predator and kills it  Able to cross the bridge whenever they are out of food now

Academic Sources

McDonald, M.R. The Storyteller's Sourcebook. Detroit: Gale Research Company, 1982.

EDRD 319 Spring 2011 51 Title Little Red Riding Hood Academic Sources

Motif Index McDonald, M.R. The Storyteller's Sourcebook. Detroit: Gale Research Company, 1982. J120. Also see J134. Thompson, S. Motif Index of Folk Literature. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1966.

D. L. Ashliman Folklore and Mythology Electronic Texts. University of Pittsburgh, 1996-2011 Tale Summary Bibliography of Versions (close to tale type) A cute little girl goes to see her sick grandmother and bring her a cake and pot of butter. She runs into a wolf in the forest and tells him where she is  Kinder-und Hausmarchen, Is ted (Berlin, 1812), v. 1, no. 26. going. The wolf arrives before her and eats her grandmother. When she Translated by D. L. Ashliman.  arrives the wolf is hiding in the bed pretending to her grandmother. The A. H. Wraislaw, Sixty Folk-Tales from Exclusively Salvonic Sources (London: Elliot Stock, 1889), no. 15, pp.97-100. wolf tricks her into to bed with him and eats her too.  Christion Schneller, “Das Rothhutchen,” Marchen und Sagen aus Walschirol: Ein Beitrag zur deutschen Sagenkunde (Innsbruck: Verlag Bare Bones Structures der Wagner’schen Universitats-Buchhandlung, 1867), no. 6, pp. 9- Human essence of this story 10.  Andrew Lang, The Red Fairy Book, 5th edition (London and New The danger of talking to strangers York: Longmans, Green, and Company, 1895), pp. 215-19 Bibliography of Variants (somewhat different from tale type) Plot  Beatrix Potter, The Tale of Jemima Puddle-Duck (New York:  Girl goes to see her grandmother Frederick Warne and Company, 1908).  Walking through the woods  Meets the wolf  Tricks her into taking the long way to grandmother  Beats her there  Eats grandmother  Girl arrives  Wolf tells her to get into bed with him  Girl questions the appearance of grandmother(wolf)  Wolf eats the girl

EDRD 319 Spring 2011 52 Title: The Emperors New Clothes

Motif Index: Academic Sources

J2312. Naked person made to believe that he is clothed. J1492. Trickster McDonald, M.R. The Storyteller's Sourcebook. Detroit: Gale Research artist hoodwinks king: cuckold‘s eyes cannot see picture. King pretends to Company, 1982. see the picture. Courtiers reveal that there is no picture. Thompson, S. Motif Index of Folk Literature. Bloomington: Indiana University Tale Summary Press, 1966.

Emperor loves clothes, spends all his money on clothes. Hires weavers who Bibliography of Versions (close to tale type) create the finest clothes, amazing material it was invisible to anyone who was incompetent or stupid. Weavers ask for the nicest silk and gold several  Henry Parker, Village Folk-Tales of Ceylon, volume 2 (London: Luzac and Company, 1914), no. 89, pp. 66-69. times. Emperor sends people to check up on the weavers, don’t see  Hans Christian Andersen, Keiserens nye klæder (1837). Andersen's anything fear that they are stupid. Emperor puts on the new clothes and source was a Spanish story recorded by Don Juan Manuel (1282- goes out. Child says he is wearing nothing; emperor knows this to be true 1348). and continues on. Carries himself more proudly. Bibliography of Variants (somewhat different from tale type)

 Sheykh-Zada, The History of the Forty Vezirs; or, the Story of the Forty Morns and Eves, translated by E. J. W. Gibb (London, 1886), pp. 148- Human essence of this story: 149. The tale's original title is "The Lady's Twelfth Story."  Charles Swynnerton, Indian Nights' Entertainment; or, Folk-Tales from Fear of being thought of as incompetent or stupid. Lying. the Upper Indus (London: Elliot Stock, 1892), no. 22, pp. 56-62.  W. Carew Hazlitt, Shakespeare Jest-Books: Reprints of the Early and Believe something is not true Very Rare Jest-Books Supposed to Have Been Used by Shakespeare (London: Willis and Sotheran, 1864), p. 23.

Bare Bones Structures

 Protagonist of power loves wearing fine clothes

 Weavers (really swindlers) say they make the most magnificent clothes

 Can’t see the clothes considered incompetent or stupid  Protagonist couldn’t see the clothes, worried he was stupid  Young character says that he is naked  Protagonist knows this to be true but continues on

EDRD 319 Spring 2011 53 Title: The Pied Piper Of Hamelin McDonald, M.R. The Storyteller's Sourcebook. Detroit: Gale Research Company, 1982. Motif Index: Thompson, S. Motif Index of Folk Literature. Bloomington: Indiana University D1427. Magic object compels one to follow. D1427.1. Magic pipe compels Press, 1966. one to follow. Pied Piper of Hamelin. M205. Breaking of bargains or promises. Q266. Punishment for breaking promise R10.3. Children abducted. Bibliography of Versions (close to tale type) J1562. The greedy host.  Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm, "Die Kinder zu Hameln," Deutsche Sagen Tale Summary (Berlin: In der Nicolaischen Buchhandlung, 1816), no. 244, pp. 330-33.  Robert Browning, Selected Poems, edited by A. J. George (Boston: There is a rat infestation in a town. Person wearing colorful clothing comes Little, Brown, and Company, 1905), pp. 41-48. claims he is a rat catcher. Says he will take out all the rats and mice out of  Friedrich Umlauft, Sagen und Geschichten aus Alt-Wien (Stuttgart: the town for a price. Takes away all the rats and mice with his magical pipe, Loewes Verlag Ferdinand Carl, 1944), pp. 97-100. and the people refuse to pay. He is upset, and plays his pipe and gathers all  Joseph Jacobs, More English Fairy Tales (London: David Nutt, 1894), pp. 1-6. the children and leads them into the mountains. The parents cannot move, Bibliography of Variants (somewhat different from tale type) they just see all the children leave. One child is left and the rest of the children are never seen again.  Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm, "Der Rattenfänger," Deutsche Sagen (Berlin: In der Nicolaischen Buchhandlung, 1816), no. 245, pp. 333-34. Human essence of this story:  J. D. H. Temme, Die Volkssagen der Altmark, mit einem Anhange von Sagen aus den übrigen Marken und aus dem Magdeburgischen How things can come back and bite you in the butt. (Berlin: In der Nicolaischen Buchhandlung, 1839), no. 31, p. 114.  J. G. Th. Grässe, Sagenbuch des Preußischen Staats, vol. 1 (Glogau: Greed. Don’t appreciate things until they are gone. Verlag von Carl Flemming, 1868), no. 386, p. 336. Bare Bones Structures  Joseph Jacobs, More English Fairy Tales (London: David Nutt, 1894), pp. 1-6.  Town with an animal infestation  Sheykh-Zada, "The Lady's Twenty-Eighth Story," The History of the  Traveler claims that he can take care of the problem Forty Vezirs; or, The Story of the Forty Morns and Eves, translated by  Will receive compensation E. J. W. Gibb (London: George Redway, 1886), pp. 300-302.  Has a magical object that draws the animal infestation to follow him.  Traveler never gets paid, and is upset  Uses his magical object and all the town kids follow him  The children are never seen again.

Academic Sources

EDRD 319 Spring 2011 54 Title: Magic Book

Motif Index

H508 finding answer to certain question. E52. Resuscitation by magic charm. Academic Sources E64.7. Resuscitation by book. F101.4. Escape from lower world by magic. F407. Departure of spirits. H932. Tasks assigned to devil H961. Tasks McDonald, M.R. The Storyteller's Sourcebook. Detroit: Gale Research performed by cleverness. Company, 1982. Thompson, S. Motif Index of Folk Literature. Bloomington: Indiana University Tale Summary Press, 1966. Apprentice is very curious on what his master does all day. He sits and looks at a book all day. One day the Master says that he is going to be out for the day. The apprentice gets ahold of the master’s magic book. The book was Bibliography of Versions (close to tale type) accidently left unlocked. Not suppose to read it aloud, however doesn’t know this and reads aloud. As the apprentice reads demons start to appear  Bernhard Baader, "Zauberbuch," Volkssagen aus dem Lande Baden in the room. The more he reads the more demons appear. All the demons und den angrenzenden Gegenden (Karlsruhe: Verlag der Herder'schen demand that the apprentice give them work, if not they will kill him. Give Buchhandlung, 1851), no. 281, p. 266.  John T. Naaké, Slavonic Fairy Tales: Collected and translated from the them task after task; the demons finish the tasks really fast. The apprentice Russian, Polish, Servian, and Bohemian (London: Henry S. King and is trying to get rid of them, reads the book again, more demons appear. Company, 1874), pp. 190-93. Decides to read it backwards and they start to disappear. Until all the  S. Baring-Gould, appendix to William Henderson, Notes on the Folk demons are gone. Lore of the Northern Counties of England and the Borders (London: Longmans, Green, and Company, 1866), pp. 343-44. Human essence of this story Bibliography of Variants (somewhat different from tale type)

Getting in trouble, trying to cover it up, Curiosity  Charlotte S. Burne, “Reminiscence of Lancashire and Cheshire When George IV. Was King,” Folklore, vol.20, no. 2 (June 30,1909), p. 205 Bare Bones Structures  William Henderson, Notes on the Folk Lore of the Northern Counties of England and the Borders (London: Longmans, Green, and Company,  Master has an apprentice that is curious in what he does 1866), pp. 159-61.  Master leaves one day  Sir Walter Scott, The Poetical Works of Sir Walter Scott; containing  Apprentice sees his magical book and begins reading it Minstrelsy of the Scottish Border, Sir Tristrem, and Dramatic Pieces  Demons appear in the room, the more he reads the more appear (Paris: Baudry's European Library, 1838), p. 30, footnote 4.  All demand tasks and jobs to do other wise they will kill him, finish the jobs really quickly  Apprentice decides to read the book backwards and the demons start to disappear.

EDRD 319 Spring 2011 55 Title: Hansel and Gretel couldn’t wait anymore, she asked Gretel to make a fire so she can cook her and her brother. Gretel prepares the fire, and the witch asks if she can Motif Index: S31. S31. Cruel stepmother. S143. S143. Abandonment in check the temperature but getting into it, Gretel tells the witch she doesn’t forest. S321. S321. Destitute parents abandon children know how, and the witch shows her, and Gretel pushes her into the pot. As the witch is cooking, Gretel releases Hansel they collect as much jewels, and coins as possible and leave the witches house. They travel through the Tale Summary: forest and come to a clearing that shows their fathers house. They run to the house and live happily ever after with their father, the stepmother has Hansel and Gretel are the children of a poor woodcutter, who is died. married to a wicked lady. The woodcutter and stepmother make a plan to lead Hansel and Gretel into the deepest part of the forest and abandon them there. The children over hear the plan before bed and go outside to gather white pebbles to leave a trail home. Once awoken in the morning the Bare Bones Structures woodcutter and stepmother lead the children out into the forest and leave them there, but later that night Hansel and Gretel return home because of the white pebble path they laid out. Time goes by and once again the  Parents abandon children stepmother tells the woodcutter that once again we will lead the children  Children make path with white stones to find way home into the deepest parts of the forest and abandon them. Hansel and Gretel  Parents see children return home hear the plan again, but to their surprise the door is locked. In the morning  Parents abandon children again the stepmother gives the children a piece of bread and the set off to  Children make path with bread crumbs but birds eat path  Children wander in forest for a day and come to a house that is “collect” firewood. The woodcutter and stepmother build a fire and leave made of candy the children in the forest. The children fall asleep and awake to see it is  House is owned by evil witch night time. Hansel thought he left a trail of bread crumbs but to their  Children become prisoners surprise the trail was eaten by the forest birds. So the children walk all night  Girl does housework boy is fatten up and all day, and find a bird singing and decide to follow the bird. The bird  Children trick witch lands on a house made of bread, candy, and sugar. The children see the  Children kill witch and return home to father house and have a feast. Little do they know the house is owned by a wicked witch. The witch hears the children eating and invites them in, once in the Academic Sources witch at first seems nice, but to the children surprise the witch is mean. Once the children wake up the morning Hansel is placed in the stall and McDonald, M.R. The Storyteller's Sourcebook. Detroit: Gale Research Gretel is forced to do house work and make fattening meals for her brother. Company, 1982. The witch plans to fatten Hansel up and eat him. Every day the witch goes out to the stall to check how fat Hansel got, and every time Hansel sticks a Thompson, S. Motif Index of Folk Literature. Bloomington: Indiana University chicken bone out for the witch to measure how fat he is. One day the witch Press, 1966. EDRD 319 Spring 2011 56

Bibliography of Versions (close to tale type)

 Askew, Amanda. “Hansel and Gretel.” Mankato, Minn: Qeb Pub., 2010.  Rylant, Cynthia. “Hansel and Gretel.” New York, N.Y.: Hyperion Books for Children, 2008.  Piumini, Roberto. “Hansel and Gretel.” Mankato, Minn.: Picture Window Books, 2010.  Moses, Will. “Hansel and Gretel: a retelling from the original tale by the Brothers Grimm.” New York: Philomel Books, 2005.  Montresor, Beni. “Hansel and Gretel.” New York: Atheneum Books for Young Readers, 2001.  Ray, Jane. “Hansel and Gretel.” Cambridge, Mass.: Candlewick Press, 1997.

Bibliography of Variants (somewhat different from tale type)

 Brown, Carron. “Hansel and Gretel and the Pied Piper of Hamelin: two tales and their histories.” New York, Alphabet Soup, 2010.  Higgins, Nadia. “Hansel and Gretel and the cheddar trail.” Edina, Minn.: Magic Wagon, 2009.  Scoggins, Liz. “The fairy tale book.” New York: Scholastic, 2010.  Gidwitz, Adam. “A dark and Grimm.” New York: Dutton, 2010.  Engelbreit, Mary. “Mary Engelbreits nursery tales: a treasury of children’s classic.” New York: HaperCollinsPublishers, 2008.  Vande Velde, Vivian. “Tales from the Brothers Grimm and the Sisters Weird.” Orlando: Magic Carpet Books, 2005.

EDRD 319 Spring 2011 57 Title: Jack and the Beanstalk Bare Bones Structures

Motif Index G162. G162. Giant lives in a castle in the air.  Ditzy boy is told to sell a cool but returns home with beans  Mother gets mad and sends boy to bed with no dinner Tale Summary:  Boy awakens in morning to find a huge beanstalk in backyard  Giant dies when boy committed crimes Jack and his mother lived in a tiny cottage outside of town. They did  Steals to make family better not have a lot of money. Jack lacked common sense, and one day his mother sent him to the market to sell their beautiful cow. On his way to the market a merchant who was selling beans stopped Jack. He asked Jack if he Academic Sources wanted to trade the cow for the beans, jack at first refused, until the McDonald, M.R. The Storyteller's Sourcebook. Detroit: Gale Research merchant said they were magical beans. So Jack traded the cow for the Company, 1982. beans, and went home. Once he returned home his mother asked were the money was and Jack told her he had no money but magical beans. The Thompson, S. Motif Index of Folk Literature. Bloomington: Indiana University mother was furious and throws the beans outside the window and sent Jack Press, 1966. to bed with no dinner. When Jack woke up in the morning to his surprise there was a large beanstalk outside his window. Jack got up and went to Bibliography of Versions (close to tale type) explore this magical beanstalk. He climbed to the top of the beanstalk and  Hoena, B.A. “Jack and the beanstalk: the graphic novel.” Mankato, to his surprise there was a house with a lady on top of the beanstalk. He Minn: Stone Arch Books, 2009. noticed the lady and she invited him inside for some breakfast. Just as he  Cech, John. “Jack and the beanstalk.” New York: Sterling, Pub. 2008. was getting ready to leave the woman told Jack he better leave or her  Nesbit, E. “Jack and the beanstalk.” Cambridge, Mass.: Candlewick husband would eat him. Jack was about to leave when all of a sudden the Press, 2006. house begins to shake and the woman told him he better get in the oven or  Smith, Scudder. “Jack and the beanstalk.” New York: Purple Bear her giant husband would eat him. Jack climbed in the oven, and waited for Books, 2006. the giant to eat breakfast, after he ate breakfast he pulled out his many  Metaxas, Eric. “Jack and the Beanstalk.” Edina, Minn. Abdo Pub, 2005. bags of gold and began counting as he was counting he fell asleep. Jack was  Bell, Anthea. “Jack and the beanstalk.” New York: North South able to escape with a bag of gold. This happens two more times, the second Books, 2000. time he escapes with a golden hen and the third time he escapes just by the Bibliography of Variants (somewhat different from tale type skin of his teeth with a golden harp. As he is escaping the giant awakens and chases Jack to the end of the beanstalk, Jack makes it home and asks his  Brown, Carron. “Beauty and the beast and Jack and the beanstalk: mother for an ax to cut the beanstalk. Jack cuts the beanstalk and the giant two tales and their histories.” New York: Alphabet Soup, 2010. came tumbling down to his death. Jack and his mother live happily ever  Hoena, B.A. “Jack y los frijoles magicos: la novella grafica.” Mankato, Minn.: Stone Arch Books, 2010. after with the golden goose and golden harp.  Hale, Shannon. “Calamity Jack.” New York: Bloomsbury, 2010.

EDRD 319 Spring 2011 58  Polette, Keith. “Paco and the giant Chile plant.” McHenry, IL: Raven Tree Press, 2008.  Ketteman, Helen. “Waynetta and the cornstalk: a Texas fairy tale.” Morton Grove, IL: Albert Whitman, 2007.  Catanese, P.W. “The thief and the beanstalk.” New York: Aladdin Paperbacks, 2005.

EDRD 319 Spring 2011 59 Title: The Tinder Box Academic Sources

Motif Index K341. K341. Owner’s interest distracted while goods are stolen McDonald, M.R. The Storyteller's Sourcebook. Detroit: Gale Research Company, 1982. Tale Summary: Thompson, S. Motif Index of Folk Literature. Bloomington: Indiana University A common solider is returning home from war when he meets a witch. The Press, 1966. witch stops the solider and tells the solider if he crawls into this hollow tree he will find all the riches he could ever want. The only thing is behind each Bibliography of Versions (close to tale type) door there is a dog that is guarding the chest of money. The witch tells him if he lays down her apron and places the dog on the apron he could get to  Moser, Barry. “The Tinderbox.” Boston: Little Brown and Co., 1990.  Mitchell, Stephen. “The Tinderbox.” Cambridge, Mass: Candlewick the money. The solider agrees to do it, but asks the witch what she wants in Press, 2007. return. The only thing she wants in the return is the tinderbox, which was Bibliography of Variants (somewhat different from tale type her grandmas. The solider goes down the tree, arrives at the first door and places the dog on the apron and opens the chest full of copper coins, goes  Brandis, Marianne. “The Tinderbox.” Toronto: Tundra Books, 2003. to the second door and throws the copper coins down and fills his pockets with silver coins, goes to the third door and throws down the silver coins and takes the gold coins. As he was getting ready to come up the witch asks if he grabbed the tinder box and once he did grab it she pulled him up. He hands the box over and asks the witch what is inside. She wouldn’t tell, the solider threatens to cut her head off, and he ends up cutting the witches head off. The solider heads to town buys the most lavish things and becomes popular, and all he has the only thing is the princess. When the solider runs out of money he remembers the tinder box, and uses it to get what he wants. In the end he ends up with the princess because of the tinderbox.

Bare Bones Structures

 Old lady tries to help solider out  Evil solider kills lady to get what he wants  Continue to live the high life  Meets princess and continues to get her to fall for him  Kills mom and dad to get what he wants  Marries princess

EDRD 319 Spring 2011 60 Title Cinderella (Charles Perrault Version) Thompson, S. Motif Index of Folk Literature. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1966. Motif Index D1337.1.9. Magic wand beautifies, D1860.0.1. D1860.0.1. Magic beautification of fairy, S31. S31. Cruel stepmother, S34. Bibliography of Versions (close to tale type) S34. Cruel stepsister(s)  Jacobs, Joseph. Europa's Fairy Book. New York and London: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1916. pp. 1-12  Addy, Sidney Oldall. Household Tales with Other Traditional Tale Summary Remains: Collected in the Counties of York, Lincoln, Derby, and Nottingham. London: David Nutt, 1895. No. 29, pp. 29-30. A pretty young girl’s father marries a woman with two daughters who are  Bach-Lan, L.T. Vietnamese Legends. Saigon: Kim-Lai-An-Quan, 1957. mean to the young girl they call Cinderella. The king has a ball. Young pp. 43-56. Cinderella could not go because she had nothing to wear. Her fairy  Bartsch, Karl. Sagen, Märchen und Gebräuche aus Meklenburg. godmother gave her a new dress. Goes to the ball and dances with the Vienna: Wilhelm Braumüller, 1879. Vol. 1, pp. 479-481. prince. Vanishes at midnight and drops her slipper. Prince tries to find her Bibliography of Variants (somewhat different from tale type) by trying the slipper on all women in kingdom. Only Cinderella’s foot fits and  Asbjørnsen, Peter Christen and Moe, Jørgen. Popular Tales from the marries the Prince. Norse, 2nd ed. Translated by George Webbe Dasent. Edinburgh: Edmonston and Douglas, 1859. pp. 411-28.

 Grimm, Jacob and Wilhelm. Kinder- und Hausmärchen, 1st ed. Berlin: Realschulbuchhandlung, 1812. V. 1, no. 21. Bare Bones Structures  Damant, M. “Folktales,” Folk-Lore: A Quarterly Review of Myth, Human essence of this story: Magic, love and the cruelty that we see Tradition, Institution, and Custom, Vol. 6. London: Published for the Folk-Lore Society by David Nutt, 1895. pp. 305-306. between the step-relatives and Cinderella.  Curtin, Jeremiah. Myths and Folk-Lore of Ireland. Boston: Little, Brown,  Young woman treated poorly by family. and Company, 1890. pp. 78-92.  Young woman gets a fairy godmother.  Campbell, J.F. Popular Tales of the West Highlands: Orally Collected, Vol. 2. Edinburgh: Edmonston and Douglas, 1860. pp. 286-89.  Offered a way to be happy.  Douglas, George. Scottish Fairy and Folk Tales. New York: A. L. Burt  Falls in love with Prince. Company, 1901.pp. 86-89.  Prince tries to find young woman.  Crane, Thomas Frederick. Italian Popular Tales. London: Macmillan and  Finds her and they get married and leave step-relatives. Company, 1885. No. 9, pp. 42-47.

 Geldart, Edmund Martin. Folk-Lore of Modern Greece: The Tales of the Academic Sources People. London: W. Swan Sonnenschein and Company, 1884. pp. 27-30  Wardrop, Marjory. Georgian Folk Tales. London: David Nutt, 1894. pp. McDonald, M.R. The Storyteller's Sourcebook. Detroit: Gale Research 63-67. Company, 1982.  Petrovitch, Woislav M. Hero Tales and Legends of the Serbians. New York: Frederick A. Stokes Company, preface dated 1914. pp. 224-30.

EDRD 319 Spring 2011 61 Title: The Sheppard’s Boy and the Wolf

Motif Index: K1700 Deception through bluffing Academic Sources

Tale Summary: Boy pulled prank on village. Cried out claiming a wolf had Aesop, Aesop, G. K. Chesterton, and Jones Vernon Stanley. Vernon. Aesop's eaten his sheep. Villagers came running. Nothing was wrong. Boy kept Fables. Doylestown, PA: Wildside, 1970. Print. crying wolf time and time again. Villagers kept coming. After a while, they stopped coming. Finally, a wolf really did show up. Boy cried wolf. Villagers never came. McDonald, M.R. The Storyteller's Sourcebook. Detroit: Gale Research Company, 1982. Bare Bones Structures Thompson, S. Motif Index of Folk Literature. Bloomington: Indiana University Human essence of this story: You cannot believe a liar, even when he is telling the truth. Press, 1966.

Plot

 Boy tending to prey  Decides to pull prank on village Bibliography of Versions (close to tale type)  Cries out “Wolf, Wolf”  Villagers come running  Hennessy, B. G., and Boris Kulikov. The Boy Who Cried Wolf. New  Nothing wrong York: Simon & Schuster for Young Readers, 2006. Print.  Boy pulls prank over and over Bibliography of Variants (somewhat different from tale type)  Villagers stop coming  Cries out one last time  Wattenberg, Jane. Never Cry Woof!: a Dog-u-drama. New York:  Predator appears, eats prey Scholastic, 2005. Print.  Villagers never come  Hartman, Bob, and Tim Raglin. The Wolf Who Cried Boy. New York: Putnam's Sons, 2002. Print.

EDRD 319 Spring 2011 62 Title: The Hare and the Tortoise Bibliography of Versions (close to tale type)

Motif Index: K11.3 Hare and tortoise race: sleeping hare  Bruchac, Joseph. Turtles Race With Beaver: A Traditional Seneca Story. Dial for Young Readers, 2003. Print.  Bernstein, Dan, and Andrew Glass. The Tortoise and the Hare Race Again. New York: Holiday House, 2006. Print. Tale Summary: Hare was making fun of Tortoise for being slow. Tortoise Bibliography of Variants (somewhat different from tale type) challenges Hare to race. Tortoise says he will win. Hare laughs and accepts. Fox sets up racecourse. Hare was very confident he could win so he takes a  Floyd, Lucy, and Christopher Denise. Rabbit and Turtle Go to School. San nap. Hare wakes up later and realizes what happened. Runs as fast as he Diego: Harcourt, 2000. Print. can to finish line but Tortoise already won.  MacDonald, Suse, and Bill Oakes. Once upon Another. New York: Dial for Young Readers, 1990. Print. Bare Bones Structures  Mora, Pat, and Maya Itzna Brooks. The Race of Toad and Deer. New York: Orchard, 1995. Print. Human essence of this story: Slow and steady wins the race.  Wolff, Ashley. Stella & Roy. New York: Dutton Children's, 1993. Print.  Wild, Margret. Rosie and the Tortiose. DK, 1999. Print. Plot  Lowell, Susan, and Jim Harris. The Tortoise and the Jackrabbit. Northland, 1994. Print.  Naturally slow moving animal challenges fast animal to race  Fast animal accepts  Find a “judge” to set course  Fast animal falls asleep  Slow animal wins race

Academic Sources

Aesop, Aesop, G. K. Chesterton, and Jones Vernon Stanley. Vernon. Aesop's Fables. Doylestown, PA: Wildside, 1970. Print.

McDonald, M.R. The Storyteller's Sourcebook. Detroit: Gale Research Company, 1982.

Thompson, S. Motif Index of Folk Literature. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1966.

EDRD 319 Spring 2011 63 Title: The Two Pots Bibliography of Versions (close to tale type)

Motif Index: P310.8 Friendship possible only between equals  Ma, Yau-Woon. "The Couple Bound in Life and Death." Traditional Chinese Stories Themes and Variations. New York: Columbia Univ., 1978. 222-26. Print. Bibliography of Variants (somewhat different from tale type) Tale Summary: An earthenware pot and a brass pot were caught in flood. Brass pot told earthenware pot to stay close because he would protect him.  Goldingham, P. R., and J. T. Hankinson. The Horse and His Rider. London: Earthenware pot could not be close to him. If the two pots touched, the G. Allen & Unwin, 1948. Print. earthenware pot would shatter.  Aesop, Aesop, G. K. Chesterton, and Jones Vernon Stanley. Vernon. Aesop's Fables. Doylestown, PA: Wildside, 1970. Print.

Bare Bones Structures

Human essence of this story: Equals make the best friends

Plot

 Two objects were carried down a river  One object said he would protect the other  If on object protected the other, the weaker one would shatter

Academic Sources

Aesop, Aesop, G. K. Chesterton, and Jones Vernon Stanley. Vernon. Aesop's Fables. Doylestown, PA: Wildside, 1970. Print.

McDonald, M.R. The Storyteller's Sourcebook. Detroit: Gale Research Company, 1982.

Thompson, S. Motif Index of Folk Literature. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1966.

EDRD 319 Spring 2011 64 Title Hansel and Gretel Academic Sources

Tale Summary: Ashliman, D.L. A Guide to Folktales in the English Language- Based on the Abandoned by their parents, Hansel and Gretel found refuge with an old Aarne-Thompson Classification System. New York: Greenwood woman in a gingerbread house. They soon discovered that she Press, 1987. Print. intended to eat them, but Gretel pushed her in her own oven, and Ashliman, D. L. Folklore and Mythology Electronic Texts. the two escaped, taking with them the witch’s gold and gems. They http://www.pitt.edu/~dash/folktexts.html University of Pittsberg, returned to their father, who greeted them with joy. (Grimm) Cf. 2011. Web. type 1121 Bare Bones Structures: Bibliography of Versions (close to tale type): Children forced to leave home by step mom Chick. Calvino, Italian Folktales, no. 130. Children lured in to stay with old woman Deserted Children, The (American Indian). Cole, Folktales, no.180. Old woman feeds them so they can be her dinner Grumbling Old Woman, The. Afanasyev, Russian Fairy Tales, p. 340. Trick the woman Haensel and Gretel (Germany). Thompson, 100 Folktales, no.14. Child pushes woman into oven Hansel and Gretel (Grimm). Opie, Classic Fairy Tales, p. 312. Children escape with her riches Hansel and Gretel. Grimm, Tales, no.15. Return home to dad Johnnie and Grizzle. Jacobs, European Folk and Fairy Tales, p. 22. Kadar and Cannibals. Thundy, South Indian Folktales, no. 49. Lost Children, The. Delarue, French Folktales, p.97. Human essence of this story: This story is popular today still because of the Oni and the Three Children, The. Seki, Folktales of Japan, no. 20. fright of being captured by an evil person and then deceiving this Two Lost Babes, The. Chase, Grandfather Tales, no. 19. “bad” person and the good characters getting away. Plot Bibliography of Variants (somewhat different from tale type): The Children and the Ogre. Jacobs, Molly Whuppie, no. 327.  Woodcutter and his step-wife can no longer feed Hansel and Gretel Black Brottie. Briggs, DBF, pt. A, v. 1, p. 153. so with step moms idea they send the children with bread to the Brother and Sister Are Abondoned by Their Parents. Arewa, Northern East woods. Africa, p. 229.  While walking in the woods, Hansel and Gretel come across a Jean and Janette. Massignon, Folktales of France, no. 50. gingerbread house. The witch invites them in. Little Girl and the Giant, The. Roberts, South from Hell, no. 10C.  Her plan is to fatten up Hansel to eat him. He tricks her by holding Little Guava, The. Paredes, Folktales of Mexico, no. 11. out a stick instead of his finger. Little Peter. Mathias and Raspa, Italian Folktales in America, no. 11.  She then decides to eat both Hansel and Gretel and plans to push Luckie Minnie and the Little Boy. Marwick, Folklore of Orkney and Shetland, Gretel into the oven. p. 163.  She however says she doesn’t understand what the witch is saying Mally Whuppie. Briggs, DBF, pt. A, v. 1, p.400. and asks her to show her. Man and Woman with Too Many Children. Sampson, Gypsy Folk Tales, p. 89.  She then pushes the witch in the oven. Merrywise. Roberts, South from Hell, no. 10A.  Hansel and Gretel returned home to their father who is happy to Mister Miacca. Briggs, DBF, pt. A, v. 2, p. 546. see them Mister Miacca. Jacobs, English Fairy Tales, p. 164 Molly Whuppie (England). Clarkson and Cross, World Folktales, no. 6. EDRD 319 Spring 2011 65 Molly Whuppie. Jacobs, English Fairy Tales, p. 125. Ninnillo and Nennella. Basile, Pentamerone, Day 5, Tale 8. Witch, The (Russia). Lang, Yellow Fairy Book, p. 216. Woodcutter’s Wealthy Sister, The. Bushnaq, Arab Folktales, p. 137. Small Boy Defeats the Ogre, The. Perrault. No. 327B. Clever Little Tailor, The. Briggs, DBF, pt. A, v. 1 p. 190. Esben and the Witch (Denmark). Lang, Pink Fairy Book, p. 258 Hop o’ My Thumb. Perrault, Fairy Tales (trans. Carter), p. 111.

Little Poucet (Hop o’ My Thumb, Perrault). Opie, Classic Fairy Tales, p. 170. Maol a Chliobain. Campbell, West Highlands, v. 1, p. 259.

Mutsmag. Chase, Grandfather Tales, no. 4. Ogre, The. Grimm, Other Tales, p. 47. Poucette (Tom Thumb). Saucier, French Louisiana, no. 13. Witch Carries the Boy Home in a Sack, The. Calvino, no. 327C. Buchettino. Crane, Italian Popular Tales, no. 85. Butter Ball Spa (Norway). Bodker, European Folk Tales, p. 47. Butterball. Asbjornsen and Moe, Norwegian Folk Tales, p.97. Buttercup. Asbjornsen and Moe, East o’ the Sun, p. 124. Enchanted Mountain, The. Briggs. DBF, pt. A, v. 1, p. 224. Fairy Jip and Witch One-Eye. Briggs, DBF, pt. A, v. 1, p. 228. Jack the Buttermilk. Briggs, DBF, pt. A, v. 1, p. 322. Petie Pete verus Witch Bea-Witch. Calvino, Italian Folktales, no. 37. Tib and the Old Witch. Briggs, DBF, pt. A, v. 1, p. 522. Boy Kills the Ogre’s Daughter, The. No. 327G Boots and the Troll. Asbjornsen and Moe, East o’ the Sun, p. 215.

EDRD 319 Spring 2011 66 Title: The Race Between the Hedgehog and the Hare  The hare then challenges the hedgehog to race back to the start of the race. Tale Summary: The hedgehog challenged the hare to a race. The hedgehog  The hare runs back only to hear the hedgehog say, “I’m already hid his wife, who looked exactly like him, at the end of the course. The race here!” began, and the hare quickly arrived at the goal, but a hedgehog was already  This repeats for 73 more times and on the 74th lap the hare falls there claiming victory. Beside himself, the hare insisted that they run back dead in the middle of the race. as well, but at the other end the first hedgehog jumped out, shouting: “I’m  The hedgehog and his wife get the gold louis d'or and a bottle of brandy and head off home. here already.” And so it went, back and forth, until the hare dropped to the ground from sheer exhaustion. (Grimm) Cf. type 1074. Academic Sources

Ashliman, D.L. A Guide to Folktales in the English Language- Based on the Bare Bones Structures Aarne-Thompson Classification System. New York: Greenwood Press, 1987. Print.  Smarter animal challenges stronger/faster animal to race Ashliman, D. L. Folklore and Mythology Electronic Texts.  Smarter animal hides wife, who looks identical to him, at finish line http://www.pitt.edu/~dash/folktexts.html. University of Pittsberg,  Race starts. Stronger/ faster animal gets to finish line first and sees 2011. Web. smarter animal’s wife  Stronger/faster animal challenges animal to race back to the start to see smarter animal there. Bibliography of Versions (close to tale type)  This continues until stronger/faster animal dropped to ground from exhaustion. Fox and the Hedgehog, The. Briggs, DBF, pt. A, v. 1, p.108. Hare and the Hedgehog, The (England). Clarkson and Cross, World Folktales, no.25. Human essence of this story: Trickery and deception, the underdog winning Hare and the Hedgehog, The. Grimm, Tales, no.187. Hare and Prickly-Backed Urchin, The. Briggs, DBF, pt. A, v. 1, p. 113. Hedgehog and the Hare, The. Ranke, Folktales of Germany, no. 10. Hedgehog and the Hare, The. Tolstoy, Fables and Fairy Tales, p. 46. Plot Mister Rabbit Finds His Match at Last. Harris, Uncle Remus, no. 18. Partnership between Wolf and Mouse. El-Shamy, Folktales of Egypt, no. 49.  Hare is making fun of the hedgehog for walking so hedgehog Rabbit and Hedgehog. Dorson, Negro Tales, p. 24. challenges hare to a race and the winner gets a gold louis d'or and a Race between the Tortoise and the Hare, The. Arewa, Northern East Africa, bottle of brandy. p. 72  Hedgehog realizes his wife looks exactly like him and will place her Race between Toad and Donkey, The. Abrahams, Afro-American Folktales, at the finish line since he cannot physically race the hare. no. 63.  The race starts and the hare races to the finish line only to see the Tortoise and a Mischievous Monkey, A (Brazil). Lang, Brown Fairy Book, p. hedgehog’s wife and she says, “I’m already here!”. 327. 275 The Race Between the Fox and the Lobster EDRD 319 Spring 2011 67 275 A- The Race between the Tortoise and the Hare Devil and Rabbit. Carpenter, A Latvian Storyteller, p. 179. Hare and the Tortoise, The (Aesop). Cole, Best-Loved Folktales, no. 39. Hare and the Tortoise, The. Clouston, Popular Tales, v. 1, p. 266. Hare and the Tortoise, The. Jacobs, Aesop, no.68

Bibliography of Variants (somewhat different from tale type)

Race between the Fox and the Lobster, The. Afanasyev, no. 275.

Brer Fox and Little Mister Cricket. Harris, Uncle Remus and the Little Boy, no. 6.

Cat and the Crab, The. Seki, Folktales of Japan, no. 10.

Fox and the Lobster, The. Afanasyev, Russian Fairy Tales, p. 310.

Race between the Turtle and the Lion, The. Arewa, Northern East Africa, p. 74.

Whale and the Sea Slug, The. Seki, Folktales of Japan, no. 9.

Race between the Tortoise and the Hare, The. Aesop, no. 275A.

Devil and Rabbit. Carpenter, A Latvian Storyteller, p. 179.

Hare and the Tortoise, The (Aesop). Cole, Best-Loved Folktales, no. 39.

Hare and the Tortoise, The. Clouston, Popular Tales, v. 1, p. 266.

Hare and the Tortoise, The. Jacobs, Aesop, no. 68.

Slow but Sure. Handford, Aesop, no. 66.

EDRD 319 Spring 2011 68 Title: The Fisherman and His Wife  The fisherman called upon the flounder and asked for a better house. The flounder told him to go home because she already had Tale Summary it. A fisherman lived with his wife in a miserable hut. One day he caught a fish  The wife got greedy and asked for stone castle and got it who claimed to be an enchanted prince, so the fisherman set him  Then to be king and queen and she got it. free. However, upon hearing this story, the wife insisted that her  King and queen wasn’t enough so then she asked to be emperor- husband ask the fish to give them a cottage. The husband called each time the fisherman grew more and more weary of asking the upon the fish, and their miserable hut did indeed turn into a flounder for such gifts. pleasant cottage. But the wife was not satisfied for long; next she  She then decided this wasn’t enough and asked to be pope. wanted a stone castle; then to be king, then emperor, and then  Finally she decided she wanted to be like God and when the pope. The husband, each time more reluctantly, asked the fish for fisherman asked the fish for this, the fish said go home she is back in these gifts, and each was granted. But the woman was still not her hut. satisfied, and finally she asked to be even as God is. This request was met with a great storm, and when the fisherman returned home he found his wife, as in the beginning, sitting in their Academic Sources miserable hut. (Grimm, no. 19) Ashliman, D.L. A Guide to Folktales in the English Language- Based on the Bare Bones Structures Aarne-Thompson Classification System. New York: Greenwood Press, 1987. Print.  Fisherman and Wife lived in a hut. Ashliman, D. L. Folklore and Mythology Electronic Texts.  Fisherman caught fish who said he was magical http://www.pitt.edu/~dash/folktexts.html University of Pittsberg,  Wife made fisherman go back and ask the fish for a bigger house 2011. Web.  Wife was not satisfied and kept asking for bigger and better things- castle, king, emperor, pope  Asked to be equal to God and the fish got upset and took away Bibliography of Versions (close to tale type) everything he granted the wife Human essence of this story: People always want more than we have and Fisherman and His Wife, The. Grimm, Tales, no. 19. what is better than what we have and wish for a magic creature to grant us Gold-Children, The. Grimm, Tales, no. 85. wishes, but this story reminds us that we should be thankful for what we do Goldfish, The (Russia). Thompson, 100 Favorite Folktales, no. 51. have. Goldfish, The. Afanasyev, Russian Fairy Tales, p. 528. Little Sardine, The. Delarue, French Folktales, p. 226. Plot My Old Woman Must Be Paid. Simpson, Icelandic Folktales and Legends, p. 60.  Fisherman caught a flounder that talked to him and told him he was Old Woman Who Lived in a Vinegar Bottle, The. Briggs, DBF, pt. A, v. 1, p. a prince and begged the fisherman to let him live. The fisherman 436. agreed and put the fish back into the water. Pea, The. Massignon, Folktales of France, no. 26.  When the fisherman got home and told his wife she made him go Stone-Cutter, The (Japan). Lang, Crimson Fairy Book, p. 192. back and ask for a better house. So the fisherman agreed. Stonecutter, The (Japan). Cole, Best-Loved Folktales, no. 118.

EDRD 319 Spring 2011 69 Wanto and the Shapeless Thing (cameroun). Dorson, Folktales around the World, p. 360.

Bibliography of Variants (somewhat different from tale type)

Aladdin and his Magic Lamp. 1001 Nights, no. 561.

Magic Lamp, The. Ranke, Folktales of Germany, no. 40.

Magic Ring, The (Greece). Clouston, Popular Tales, v. 1, p. 325.

Magic Shirt, The. Afanasyev, Russian Fairy Tales, p. 110.

Magic Stone, The (Alabania). Clouston, Popular Tales, v. 1, p. 324.

Ring and the Lamp, The. Grimm, Other Tales, p. 73

Jay Bird That Had a Fight with a Rattle Snake, The. Campbell, Cloudwalking Country, p. 132.

EDRD 319 Spring 2011 70 Title Jack and the Bean Stalk Bare Bones Structures

Motif Index Numbers and Descriptions Human essence of this story

 D800--D899. Ownership of magic objects  Magic  D800. Magic object  Danger  D400--D499. Other forms of transformation  Giants  D450. Transformation: object to another object  Fortune  D482.1. D482.1. Transformation: stretching tree  Violence  D480. Size of object transformed  D801. D801. Ownership of magic object  Imagination  D806.1. D806.1. Magic object effective when struck on ground once Plot only. Second blow renders useless  D838.6. D838.6. Magic object stolen from giant.  Selling belongings  D960. Magic gardens and plants  Unexpected payment  D977. D977. Magic stalk.  Magical Object discovered  D983.1. D983.1. Magic bean  Cause for couriosity  N110. Luck and fate personified  Exploration of the magic object  G500--G599. Ogre defeated L310.  Discovery, stealing of objects  L310. Weak overcomes strong in conflict.  Human in danger  Q111. Q111. Riches as reward.  Human survives, giant falls to death Tale Summary  Human becomes rich

The story starts out introducing the boy and his mother, showing that they are a poor family. Jack and his mother sells their last belongs to them, a Academic Sources cow. Jack goes to town to sell the cow only to come back with beans as his McDonald, M.R. The Storyteller's Sourcebook. Detroit: Gale Research payment instead of money. The beans get thrown into the yard that night, Company, 1982. but in the morning a beanstalk had grown in place of where the beans once laid. Jack climbs the beans stalk, finding the giants palace. The giants wife Thompson, S. Motif Index of Folk Literature. Bloomington: Indiana University hid Jack from the giant so he would not get eaten He discovers the first Press, 1966. being a hen that lays golden eggs. Jack then returns to the mansion only to steal the giants harp. This causes the gain to come after Jack. As soon as Jack gets to the bottom he chops the bean stalk down. The giant dies, and Jack and his mother live in wealth with Jack making the promise that he will behave.

EDRD 319 Spring 2011 71 Bibliography of Versions (close to tale type) Bibliography of Variants (somewhat different from tale type)

 De Regniers, Beatrice Schenk Jack and the Beanstalk  Davis, Donald Jack and the Animals: An Appalachian Folktale  Pearson, Susan Jack and the Beanstalk  Still, James. Jack and the Wonder Beans.  Kellogg, Steven Jack and the Beanstalk  Birdseye, Tom. Look Out, Jack! The Giant is Back  Jacobs, Joseph Jack and the Beanstalk

EDRD 319 Spring 2011 72 Title The Three Bears Plot

Motif Index  Trusting Animals  Human explores property  K1020. Deception into disastrous attempt to procure food  Human using things that don’t belong to them  K1900--K1999. Impostures  Animals find property disturbed  B210.1. B210.1. Person frightened by animals successively replying to his  Look for Intruder remarks  Human is found  B211.2.3. B211.2.3. Speaking bear  Human is scared, never seen again  J350. Choices: small inconvenience, large gain  J200. Choices

 J1420. Animals retort concerning their dangers  J1850--J1899. Animals or objects treated as if human Academic Sources  J280. J280. Quality preferred to quantity. McDonald, M.R. The Storyteller's Sourcebook. Detroit: Gale Research Tale Summary Company, 1982.

There are three bears that are considered to be friendly bears. They never Thompson, S. Motif Index of Folk Literature. Bloomington: Indiana University thought anyone would harm them, causing them to be very trusting. The Press, 1966. bears left the door open to their house which they did on a regular basis, but this day was different. An old woman wondered into their house and Bibliography of Versions (close to tale type) tried each of the three bear’s food, chairs and beds. She then ended up in  the little bear’s bed asleep. The three bears came back to their home Barton, Byron The Three Bears noticing someone had used their things. They searched the house to find  Stobbs, William The Story of the Three Bears the intruder only to find the old woman sleeping in little bear’s bed. They  North, Carol The Three Bears accidently woke her up and frightened her away.  Jacobs, Joseph The Three Bears

Bare Bones Structures Bibliography of Variants (somewhat different from tale type)

Human essence of this story:  Marshell, James Goldilocks and the Three Bears  Eisen, Armand Goldilocks and the Three Bears  Animal/Human interaction  Stevens, Janet Goldilocks and the Three Bears  Fun  M. Rosales Leloa and the Honeybears  Intruder  Lowell, Susan Dusty Locks and the three  Puzzling

EDRD 319 Spring 2011 73 Title Lazy Jack Plot

Motif Index  Unmotivated Human  Forced to do work  J1770. Objects with mistaken identity  Receives payment  J2080. Foolish bargains  Either misplaces payment or uses it the wrong way  J2700--J2749. The easy problem made hard  Hires himself again  L54. L54. Compassionate youngest daughter.  This time the misuse of payment effects another human  Q53.3.1. Q53.3.1. Maiden gives her hand and riches to man who  Human becomes rich as a result rescues her from trap  Q111. Q111. Riches as reward.

Tale Summary Academic Sources

This begins by showing the reading that this family is also not that well off. A McDonald, M.R. The Storyteller's Sourcebook. Detroit: Gale Research boy who has lazy traits is forced to work for payments. He misplaces or Company, 1982. misuses all of these payments making it so that it does not benefit his family. The last of these payments was a donkey, which Jack carries on his Thompson, S. Motif Index of Folk Literature. Bloomington: Indiana University back. The Mayors daughter sees this, causing her to laugh and become Press, 1966. better from the illness that has been hurting her. Her father shows his Bibliography of Versions (close to tale type) thanks by giving Jack his daughters hand in marriage. Jack and his mother become rich as a result.  Ross, Tony Lazy Jack  Jacobs, Joseph Lazy Jack Bare Bones Structures  French, Vivian Lazy Jack Human essence of this story Bibliography of Variants (somewhat different from tale type)  Fortune  Hicks, Orville Jack and the Kings Mountain  Unique behavior  Chase, Richard "Jack and the King's Girl."  Fun  Miller, Della Rusty Jack  Happy ending  Keeps the reader guessing

EDRD 319 Spring 2011 74 Title Fantastic Mr. Fox Bibliography of Versions (close to tale type)

Motif Index K2055. K2055. Fox confesses sins but is immediately ready to o Reynard and Bruin (Europe). steal again. K2057. K2057. Hypocrite refuses gifts orally but stretches out his o The Fox Cheats the Bear out of His Yule Feast (Norway). hands. o Fox and Wolf (Netherlands). o The Keg of Butter (Scotland). Tale Summary o Cat and Mouse in Partnership (Germany). o Mister Rabbit Nibbles Up the Butter (African-American). Fox steals chickens, turkeys, ducks, and everything from the three farmers so the farmers want to kill him. They wait outside his hole and only blow his tail off. He negotiates with the farmer but the farmer keeps getting his things taken by the fox.

Bare Bones Structures

This story would be passed on because it teaches a lesson not to trust things and when you forgive it once and he does it again, than it’s your fault if you get things taken.

 Animal steals from humans  Animal is cruel and takes advantage of farmers  Farmers makes mistake and forgives the fox  Fox keeps stealing

Academic Sources

McDonald, M.R. The Storyteller's Sourcebook. Detroit: Gale Research Company, 1982.

Thompson, S. Motif Index of Folk Literature. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1966.

EDRD 319 Spring 2011 75 Title The Frog Prince Bibliography of Versions (close to tale type)

Motif Index D395. D395. Transformation: frog to person. 1. The Frog King; or, Iron Heinrich (Germany, Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm). 2. The Frog Prince (The first English translation [with an altered title and a revised ending] of the above tale). Tale Summary 3. The Frog Prince (Germany, Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm).

The King’s daughter came upon a frog when she was crying. She falls in love 4. The Wonderful Frog (Hungary, W. Henry Jones and Lewis L. Kropf). with the frog and when she kisses it, the frog becomes a handsome prince. 5. The Enchanted Frog (Germany, Carl and Theodor Colshorn). 6. The Queen Who Sought a Drink from a Certain Well

(Scotland, J. F. Campbell). Bare Bones Structures 7. The Paddo (Scotland, Robert Chambers). 8. The Well of the World's End (Scotland, Joseph Jacobs). This story is passed on because the lesson in this story is to not give up on 9. The Maiden and the Frog (England, James Orchard Halliwell- love and that love is blind. Phillipps). 10. The Kind Stepdaughter and the Frog (England, W. Henry  creature meets beautiful girl Jones and Lewis L. Kropf).  creature and girl fall in love 11. The Frog Prince (Sri Lanka [Ceylon], H. Parker).

 creature transforms into a human 12. A Frog for a Husband (Korea, William Elliot Griffis).

13. The Toad Bridegroom (Korea, Zong In-Sob). 14. The Frog Who Became an Emperor (China).

Academic Sources

McDonald, M.R. The Storyteller's Sourcebook. Detroit: Gale Research Company, 1982.

Thompson, S. Motif Index of Folk Literature. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1966.

EDRD 319 Spring 2011 76 Title Beauty and the Beast Bibliography of Versions (close to tale type)

Motif Index Q157. Q157. Escape of hostages miraculously prevented as o Beauty and the Beast (Reconstructed from various reward for piety European sources by Joseph Jacobs). o Beauty and the Beast (France, Jeanne-Marie LePrince de Beaumont). o The Story of Beauty and the Beast (France, Gabrielle- Tale Summary Suzanne Barbot de Villeneuve). o Beauty and the Beast (France, Gabrielle-Suzanne Barbot de There once was a man that was handsome but had a bad personality. He got Villeneuve [abridged and retold by Andrew Lang]). cursed and turned into a beast so he locked himself in a mansion and the o Beauty and the Beast (Basque, Wentworth Webster). poor beauty came along and fell in love with the beast. o The Summer and Winter Garden (Germany, Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm). o The Singing, Springing Lark (Germany, Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm). Bare Bones Structure o The Clinking Clanking Lowesleaf (Germany, Carl and Theodor Colshorn). The story is retold because the lessons is passed on that people should not o The Little Nut Twig (Germany, Ludwig Bechstein). be ugly on the inside and keep a good personality because it matters more o Little Broomstick (Germany, Ludwig Bechstein). than looks. o The Enchanted Frog (Germany, Carl and Theodor Colshorn). o Beauty and the Horse (Denmark, J. Christian Bay).  Beast creature is being punished for his behavior o The Singing Rose (Austria, Ignaz and Joseph Zingerle).  He turned into a very ugly person o The Bear Prince (Switzerland, Otto Sutermeister).  Beast is rich but lonely and ugly o Zelinda and the Monster (Italy, Thomas Frederick Crane).  Poor beauty finds her way into the beasts life o The Small-Tooth Dog (England, Sidney Oldall Addy).  Beast changes into a better person o The Enchanted Tsarévich (Russia, Alexander Afanasyev).

Academic Sources

McDonald, M.R. The Storyteller's Sourcebook. Detroit: Gale Research Company, 1982.

Thompson, S. Motif Index of Folk Literature. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1966.

EDRD 319 Spring 2011 77 Title: Arthur and the Sword McDonald, M.R. The Storyteller's Sourcebook. Detroit: Gale Research Company, 1982. Motif Index Thompson, S. Motif Index of Folk Literature. Bloomington: Indiana University H31.1. H31.1. Recognition by unique ability to dislodge sword. Sword is stuck Press, 1966. in a stone or tree. English: Wells 43 (Arthour and Merlin); Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: Volsunga saga 7; India: Thompson-Balys., D801. D801. Ownership Bibliography of Versions (close to tale type) of magic object. Irish myth: Cross, D806. D806. Magic object effective only when exact instructions for its use are followed, M391. M391. Fulfillment of  Hodges, Margaret. Merlin and the Making of the King. New York: prophecy. Holiday House, 2004.  Maccarone, Grace. The Sword in the Stone. New York: Scholastic, Human Essence: People need to believe that anyone can become a hero. 1992.  Meister, Cari. King Arthur and the Sword and the Stone. Tale Summary Young boy lives with father and older brother, both knights. Minneapolis: Picture Window Books, 2009. Boy serves as squire for knights. One day a sword embedded into a stone is  Osborne, Mary Pope. Favorite Medieval Tales. New York: Scholastic placed on the steps of the church with an inscription explaining that Press, 1998. whoever can pull out the sword is destined to be king. Every knight tries and  Sabuda, Robert. Arthur and the Sword. Atheneum Books for Young fails. Sword is forgotten thus unguarded. During a competition the boy Readers, 1995. forgets his brothers sword and hurries to retrieve one, pulls the sword from  Yolen, Jane. Sword of the Rightful King: a novel of King Arthur. San the stone, and becomes king. Diego: Harcourt, 2004.  Zamorsky, Tania. The Story of King Arthur and his Knights. New Bare Bones Structures York: Sterling Pub. Co.. 2006.

Plot Bibliography of Variants (somewhat different from tale type)  Boy works as squire  Sword in the stone appears  Cabot, Meg. Avalon High Coronation. New York: HarperTeen, 2007.  Prophecy is read  Cast, P.C., Goddess of Legend. New York: Berkley Sensation, 2010.  All the knights try and fail  Kerns, Ann. Did castles Have Bathrooms?: and other questions  Boy forgets brothers sword about the Middle Ages. Minneapolis: Lerner Publications, 2011.  Boy pulls sword from stone  Morris, Gerald. The Adventures of Sir Givert the Short. Boston:  Boy becomes king Houghton Mifflin Co., 2008.  Morris, Gerald. The Squire’s Quest. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 2009.  Neuschwander, Cindy. Sir Cumference and the Sword in the Cone: a math adventure. Watertown: Charlesburg, 2003. Academic Sources  Service, Pamela F., Yesterday’s Magic. New York: Random House, 2008.

EDRD 319 Spring 2011 78 Title: Stone Soup McDonald, M.R. The Storyteller's Sourcebook. Detroit: Gale Research Company, 1982. Motif Index Thompson, S. Motif Index of Folk Literature. Bloomington: Indiana University W11. W11. Generosity. Irish myth: *Cross; Spanish: Keller, Espinosa Jr. No. Press, 1966. 200; Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys., U129. U129. Nature will show itself—miscellaneous, U135. U135. Longing for accustomed food and Bibliography of Versions (close to tale type) living,  Brown, Marcia. Stone Soup. New York: Aladdin Paperbacks, 1997, Human Essence: People need to know that people do change for the better. c1947.  Compestine, Ying Chang. The Real Story of Stone Soup. New York: Tale Summary Dutton Children’s Books, 2007.  Forest, Heather. Stone Soup Little Rock: August House LittleFolk, Hungry Strangers come to a village carrying only a large cooking pot. They 1998. build a fire, fill their pot from the town well and place stones from the street  McBratney, Sam. One Voice, Please: favorite read-aloud stories. into their pot. When asked by the villagers what they cooking, they reply Cambridge: Candlewick Press, 2008. “Stone soup”. However the soup is lacking in flavor. They are then offered  Muth, Jon J. Stone Soup. New York: Scholastic Press, 2003. various ingredients a little at a time from different villagers until they have a  Reiff, Tana. Folktales. Syracuse: New Readers Press, 1991.  full pot of nutritious soup. They then share the soup with all. Ross, Tony. Stone Soup.  Seeger, Pete. Some Frineds to Feed: the story of stone soup. New York: G.P. Putnam’s Sons, 2005.

Bare Bones Structures Bibliography of Variants (somewhat different from tale type) Plot  Bonning, Tony. Fox Tale Soup. New York: 2002.  Strangers come to village  Orgel, Doris. Button Soup. New York: Bantam Books, 1994.  They are hungry  They begin a pot of water and inedible object  Villagers offer to add flavor  Soup is made

 They share with all

Academic Sources

EDRD 319 Spring 2011 79 Title: Thumbelina Academic Sources

Motif Index McDonald, M.R. The Storyteller's Sourcebook. Detroit: Gale Research B200. Animals with human traits, D806. D806. Magic object effective only Company, 1982. when exact instructions for its use are followed, R13. R13. Abduction by animal. Chinese: Graham., T100. T100. Marriage. *E. Westermarck The Thompson, S. Motif Index of Folk Literature. Bloomington: Indiana University History of Human Marriage (2 vols. London, 1925); Hdwb. d. Abergl. I 1522; Press, 1966. Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: *Neuman. F239.4.3. F239.4.3. Fairy is tiny. Irish myth: *Cross; England, Scotland: Baughman. Bibliography of Versions (close to tale type) Human Essence: People, especially woman, need to know that there are capable to change their lives for the better. That they are in charge of their  Andersen, Hans Christian. The Annotated Hans Christen Andersen. destinies. New York: W.W. Norton, 2008.  Andersoen, hans Christian. Hans Andersen’s Fairy tales. New York: Tale Summary Schocken Books, 1979.  Foreman, Michael. Classic Fairy Tales. New York: Sterling, 2005. Old woman pays witch 12 pennies for a barley grain. Plants grain which  Hague, Michael. The Book of Fairies. New York: Morrow, 2000. becomes a beautiful flower, and when kissed reveals a tiny girl inside. Girl is  Mills, Lauren A. Hans Christian Andersen’s Thumbelina. Boston: stolen by toad for son to marry. Fish help free her, with help of butterfly. Little, Brown, 2003. Beetle flies off with her. Rejected by beetles. Lives with mouse for the  Scoggins, Liz. The Fairy Tale Book. New York: Scholastic, 2010. winter. Is to marry grumpy mole. Flies away with swallow, she nursed, to warm country which is ruled by flower angels her size. Marries prince. Bibliography of Variants (somewhat different from tale type) Bare Bones Structures  Ensor, Barbara. Thumbelina: Tiny Little Runaway Bride. New York: Schwartz & Wade Books, 2008.  Girl inside flower  Helmer, Marilyn. Three Teeny Tiny Tales. Toronto: Kids Can Press, 2001.  Stolen by toad  Kassirer, Sue. Barbie Thumbelina. New York: Golden Books, 2003.  Freed by fish  Long, Silvia. Sylvia Long’s Thumbelina. San Francisco: Chronicle Books,  Stolen by beetles 2010.  freed by beetles  Powell, Martin. Thumbelina: The Graphic Novel. Minneapolis: Stone  lives with mouse Arch Books, 2010.  engaged to mole

 nurses hurt bird  frees herself  lives happily ever after with prince

EDRD 319 Spring 2011 80 Title The Crow and the Ugly Feedlings Thompson, S. Motif Index of Folk Literature. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1966. Motif Index H1550--H1569 Tests of character Bibliography of Versions (close to tale type) Tale Summary  V. S. Vernon Jones, (London: W. Heinemann, 1912), p. 45 God called to see all the birds and animals he had created. With pleasure he  Ambrose Bierce, Fantastic Fables (New York and London: G. P. Putnam's approved them all, besides the crows. He asked the crow’s mother to find Sons, 1899), p. 160. prettier crows to mother instead of her own. After searching, she told God Bibliography of Variants (somewhat different from tale type) she could not find any young crows prettier than her own. He was pleased with her findings and blessed the birds.  M. Gaster, Rumanian Bird and Beast Stories (London: Folk-Lore Society, 1915), no. 47, pp. 172-174 Human Essence  Dassent, George Webbe, Popular Tales from the Norse, 2nd edition, enlarged (Edinburgh: Edmonston and Douglas, 1859), p. 206 A mother’s love for their children, being different, being tested, being accepted

Bare Bones Structures

 Characters were created by authority figure  Characters were evaluated by authority figure and all accepted but one because it is different  Parent of unaccepted character is asked to find a new child that is not so different than the others  Parent searches but does not find  Parent accepts child and does not see it as different  Authority figure is pleased with the parent and the child is accepted

Academic Sources

McDonald, M.R. The Storyteller's Sourcebook. Detroit: Gale Research Company, 1982.

EDRD 319 Spring 2011 81 Title The Story of Chicken-Licken Bibliography of Versions (close to tale type)

Motif Index K700--K799. Capture by deception, B773. Animals with human  The Jataka; or, Stories of the Buddha's Former Births, edited by E. B. emotions. J1750--J1849. Absurd misunderstandings Cowell, vol. 3 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1897), no. 322, pp. 49-52. Tale Summary  Anton Schiefner, Tibetan Tales: Derived from Indian Sources, translated by W. R. S. Ralston (London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trebner, As a chicken is walking into the woods to gather meat an acorn falls upon and Company, 1906), no. 22, pp. 296-98 her and she believes the sky is falling. She decides she must go and tell the  Robert Chambers, Popular Rhymes of Scotland, new edition (London king that the sky is falling so she turns around to go to his castle. On her and Edinburgh: W. and R. Chambers, 1870), p. 59. Preface dated way she runs into seven of her other bird friends and one by one they all November 24, 1841 decide to join the chicken to tell the king. But before they reach the castle,  Patrick Kennedy, The Fireside Stories of Ireland (Dublin: M'Glashan and Gill, 1870), p. 25 the birds meet a fox who guides them all into his home and eats them. The  Peter Christen Asbjørnsen and Jørgen Moe, Popular Tales from the king was never told that the sky was falling. North, translated by George Webbe Dasent, new edition (New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons; Edinburgh: David Douglas, 1912), pp. 353-56 Human Essence  Benjamin Thorpe, Yule-Tide Stories: A Collection of Scandinavian Surprise, overreaction, making others believe you, being fooled, being and North German Popular Tales and Traditions, from the Swedish, Danish, and German, (London: Henry G. Bohn, 1853),pp. 421-22 betrayed Bibliography of Variants (somewhat different from tale type) Bare Bones Structures  Folk Tales from China, second series (Peking: Foreign Languages Press, 1959), pp. 30-32  Surprising action happens to make character believes something bad is happening  Jean de Bosschère, Folk Tales of Flanders (New York: Dodd, Mead, and Company, 1918), pp. 139-46  Plans to tell authority figure  Joel Chandler Harris, Nights with Uncle Remus: Myths and Legends  Friends join the character along the way of the Old Plantation (Boston and New York: Houghton, Mifflin, and  Predator finds the group of friends and lies to them Company, 1883), no. 20, pp. 108-13  Group of friends believe the predators lies  Predator betrays his prey

Academic Sources

McDonald, M.R. The Storyteller's Sourcebook. Detroit: Gale Research Company, 1982.

Thompson, S. Motif Index of Folk Literature. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1966. EDRD 319 Spring 2011 82 Title How the Wicked Sons were Duped Academic Sources

Motif Index W110. Unfavorable traits of character—personal, Q280. McDonald, M.R. The Storyteller's Sourcebook. Detroit: Gale Research Unkindness punished, K1700. Deception through bluffing, H1550. Tests of Company, 1982. character Thompson, S. Motif Index of Folk Literature. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1966.

Tale Summary

A wealthy man fell ill in his old age so in preparation of his death he divided Bibliography of Versions (close to tale type) his money equally between his sons. The sons once pleased their father, but not that they had received what they wanted, his money, they thought  H. Parker, Village Folk-Tales of Ceylon, v. 3 (London: Luzac and Company, 1914), no. 234, pp. 240-242 of their father as a nuisance. The old man asked a friend for advice to help  Eliza Gutch and Mabel Peacock, County Folk-Lore, v. 5: Examples of his sons treat him better. His friend gave the old man bags and told him to Printed Folk-Lore Concerning Lincolnshire (London: David Nutt, keep them with him until he dies. The sons were curious of what was in the 1908), pp. 362-363 bag and treated their father better in hopes of receiving the bags. The old Bibliography of Variants (somewhat different from tale type) man died and indeed the sons received the bags, which were full of stones and gravel.  Eliza Gutch and Mabel Peacock, County Folk-Lore, v. 5: Examples of Printed Folk-Lore Concerning Lincolnshire (London: David Nutt, Human Essence 1908), pp. 362-363

Curiosity, wealth, father and son relationships, illness, advice from a friend, being tricked, greed

Bare Bones Structures

 Characters receive gifts from authority  Characters are not grateful for their gifts  Authority seeks and receives advice from a friend  Curiosity strikes characters  Characters change their attitudes in hopes of receiving gifts  Characters are tricked into kindness

EDRD 319 Spring 2011 83 Title: The fisherman and his wife Bibliography of Versions (close to tale type)

Motif Index: J514: one should not be too greedy see also D2074.1.2: Fish or  Grimm, Albert Ludewig. Heidelberg: Mohr and Zimmer, 1809 P. 77- sea animals magically called. 92  The Complete Brothers Grimm Fairy Tales. Gramercy. 1993. P.83-88. Tale Summary Bibliography of Variants (somewhat different from tale type)

The poor fisherman caught a flounder that could talk. The wife told him to  Lang Andrew. The Crimson Fairy Book. London: Longmans, green and go back and ask for something. Fisherman called the fish by saying: company, 1903. P.192-197 nd “Mandje! Mandje! Timpe Te!, Flounder, flounder, in the sea!, My wife, my  Folk Tales from China, 2 in series. Peking: Foreign Language Press, wife Ilsebill, Wants not, wants not, what I will” 1958. P.89-92.  McDonald, Margaret Read. The Old Woman Who Lived In a Vinegar He asked for a hut and got it the wife soon wanted a castle, and then Bottle. Little Rock, Arkansas: August House LittleFolk, 1995. wanted to be king, then emperor, then pope and then god. She was never pleased. When she asked to be god the flounder took everything away, and now they have nothing.

Bare Bones Structures:

Human essence of this story: foolish, greed, whishes granted.

 Magic creature grants wishes  Poor man finds creature  Creature grants the mans wishes  Man and wife get more greedy  wants to be god  Creature takes everything away  Man and wife are poor again

Academic Sources

McDonald, M.R. The Storyteller's Sourcebook. Detroit: Gale Research Company, 1982.

Thompson, S. Motif Index of Folk Literature. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1966.

EDRD 319 Spring 2011 84 Title: The Clinking Clanking Lowesleaf Academic Sources

Motif Index: D721.3: Disenchantment by destroying skin (covering) see also McDonald, M.R. The Storyteller's Sourcebook. Detroit: Gale Research N825.3.1.: Help from old beggar woman. Company, 1982.

Tale Summary: Thompson, S. Motif Index of Folk Literature. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1966. King, queen and three daughters. The king asked youngest daughter what she wanted from the fair. Which was a clinking clanking lowesleaf. King Bibliography of Versions (close to tale type) couldn’t find one but then came to a big black poodle that said he had one. He gave it to the king as long as he gave him the first thing that greeted him  D.L.Ashliman. Aesops Fables, 1998 when he got home in a year and a day. His youngest daughter ran out to greet him. The king was concerned all year. They deceived the poodle Bibliography of Variants (somewhat different from tale type) twice with dressing up two others in his daughters’ clothes. The poodle figured it out and turned away. He took the youngest daughter to an  Bay, Christian J., Danish Fairy and Folk Tales. New York and London: enchanted house. The girl missed home and asked for a beggar woman to Harper and Brothers, 1899, p.14-20  love. A beggar appeared and gave the girl instructions to disenchant the D.L. Ashliman. Aesops Fables, 1998  Fredrick, Thomas Crane. Italian Popular Tales. London: Macmillan and house and the poodle. She burned the poodle’s hide and he became a Company, 1885. P.7-11. hansom prince. The beggar says she is to chant “old tongues, old lungs”  Wentworth Webster. Basque Legends, 2nd editions. London: Griffith and three times at her wedding to be more beautiful. Farran,1879. P.167-172.  Jacobs, Joseph. Europas Fairy Book. New York: G.P. Putnams Sons,1916. Bare Bones Structures P.34-41. Human essence of this story: Kidnapping, chance, rewards, and punishment

Plot

 King, Queen, three daughters  The king tries to Deceive beast  Beast takes youngest with him  Beasts house is disenchanted, becomes castle  Beast becomes hansom prince  They are married

EDRD 319 Spring 2011 85 Title: Stone Soup Bibliography of Versions (close to tale type)

Motif Index:K112.2: “Soup stone” sold. It needs only the addition of a few  Djurklou, Gabriel. Fairy Tales From The Swedish. London: William vegetables and a bit of meat Heinemann, 1901. P.33-41.  MacDonagh. Irish Life and Character. London: Hodder and Tale Summary: Stoughton, 1898. P.322-323. Bibliography of Variants (somewhat different from tale type) Beggar shows up at a house when the woman’s husband isn’t home. The wife wouldn’t let him in, she had nothing to give him. The beggar says she  Hebel, Johann Peter. Translated by D.L. Ashliman 1998 could benefit from his stone soup. Interested she let him in to put his stone  Hunter, Alexander. Johnny Reb and Billy Yank. New York and in her pot of boiling water. The beggar states it would be much better if she Washington: The Neale Publishing Company, 1905. P.284-286 had butter, meat, vegetables, potatoes and broth to put in with it. She does and the woman is pleased with the “stone soup.” They ate and then he left with his magic stone.

Bare Bones Structures

Human essence of this story: Deception, humor,

 A wondering man able to convince another human it is possible to make soup with an inedible object.  Interested the person lets the man.  Soon he gets them to add the ingredients for soup to the water with the object.  The person believes it is the inedible object  Man goes on his way

Academic Sources

McDonald, M.R. The Storyteller's Sourcebook. Detroit: Gale Research Company, 1982.

Thompson, S. Motif Index of Folk Literature. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1966.

EDRD 319 Spring 2011 86 Title: Hansel and Gretel -Poverty

Motif Index: L390 Triumph of the Weak, G11.3 Cannibal witch, G275.8 Hero -Karma, we want to see the predator get what is coming to them kills witch

Tale Summary: Hansel and Gretel is the story of two children, a brother and a sister whose evil stepmother convinces their father that they are too poor to feed them so they try to leave them in the forest. Hansel leaves bread crumbs so he can find his way back after the stepmother leaves, but the animals eat the breadcrumbs and they are lost in the forest. They are walking one day and find a house made out of bread and sugar. The woman

(witch) who leaves there lets them in and tricks them and then holds them captive. The witch tries to fatten Hansel up so she can eat him. When she is about to eat him, Gretel tricks the witch and pushes her into the oven. Hansel and Gretel take all her pearls and precious things and run home to their father only to find that their stepmother died and their father had been miserable without them.

Bare Bones Structure:

 Bad character leaves children in the forest  Characters leave a trail and find their way home  Bad character leaves children in the forest again  Character’s trail disappears and they are lost in the woods  Characters find house made out of food  Predator invites characters (prey) in and tricks them  Predator tries to fatten up prey so it can be eaten  Prey tricks the predator  Prey/characters kills the predator and find their way back home

Human Essence:

-We want the prey to overcome their bad luck and to defeat the predator

-Typical prey/predator story

EDRD 319 Spring 2011 87 Title: Rumpelstiltskin -We like to see the underdog succeed

Motif Index: D475.1.6.1 Transformation: Grain to Gold, H504 Test of Skill in Handiwork

Tale Summary: A poor man gives his daughter to the king and the kind tells the woman that if she doesn’t spin the straw into gold in one night that she will be killed. The woman is crying and a small man comes and offers to do it for her in exchange for her necklace. The king is impressed and wants more gold, so he takes her to a room with more gold and tells her the same thing. Upset again, the man comes back to the woman and says he will do it for her if she will give him her ring. The king wants even more gold and has her do it a third time, and this time the woman has nothing to give to the small man so she promises he can have her first born child. The king marries the woman and when they have a baby the man comes back for the baby. Forgetting this promise, the queen tries to convince the man that she needs this baby and he tells her that if she can figure out his name she can keep her child. The queen figures out his name and the man is so upset that he ends up splitting himself in two and dies.

Bare Bones Structure:

 Poor character gives away his child to the King  King orders child to turn straw into gold 3 times  Character cannot and a mysterious character helps her in exchange for 3 different things  King marries character

 Character forgets about promise made to mysterious character  Convinces mysterious character to give her a chance to keep her object if she figure out mysterious character’s name  Character figures out name and mysterious character gets upset and dies

Human Essence:

-We are willing to promise just about anything for survival EDRD 319 Spring 2011 88 Title: The Princess and the Pea

Motif Index: H600 Symbolic Interpretation, H0 Identity Test

Tale Summary: The prince is searching for a “real” princess so he can marry her. He can’t find one. One rainy night, a woman comes to his door claiming to be a princess, the prince doesn’t believe her because she is a mess from the storm, but lets her stay anyways. In order to see if she is a real princess, the queen puts a pea under 20 mattresses and 28 eider down beds. The next morning they ask how she slept and she says terrible because something was under the bed that kept hurting her. The queen and prince decide that this means she is a real princess because she is so sensitive and the prince marries the princess.

Bare Bones Structure:

 Character wants to find a wife but can’t find one  Strange character comes to door asking to stay  One character wants to test this strange character to see if she is who she says she is  Character puts a pea under a large amount of mattresses  Next day they ask how strange character slept, she complains of strange object  Character know that this means she is who she says she is and the character marries the strange character

Human Essence:

-Love and marriage

-We are slow to trust

EDRD 319 Spring 2011 89 Title: Hansel and Gretel Bibliography of Variants:

Motif: G270, G260, G261  Calvino, Italo. Italian Folktales. George Martin, translator. New York: Pantheon Books, 1980. Tale Summary: Family faced with hard times, and one parent suggests  Theal, Georg McCall. Kaffir Folk-Lore. London: S. Sonnenschein, Le abandoning children. After a few tries, the parents succeed but one is Bas & Lowrey, 1886. Jacobs, Joseph. English Fairy Tales. London: unhappy with the decision. Children lured in by witch, and then enslaved. David Nutt, 1890. Children eventually outwit the witch resulting in her demise and the  Afanasyev, Aleksandr. Russian Fairy Tales. Norbert Guterman, children find treasure. Mean parent dies; good parent and children reunited translator. New York: Pantheon Books, 1945 and live happily ever after.

Bare Bone Structure:

 Evil/Good  Good abandoned/lost  Lured and held captive by evil  Good outsmarts evil and escape to live happily ever after.

Human Essence:

 The good always wins over the bad/evil

Bibliography of Versions:

 Adams, James Taylor. "The Babes in the Woods." AppLit. Tina L. Hanlon and Judy A. Teaford, creators. 2000-2006. Appalachian College Association and Ferrum College. 27 May 2006 .  Blumenthal, Verra Xenophontovna Kalamatiano de. Folk Tales from the Russian. New York: Rand McNally & Co., 1903. Chase, Richard, ed. Grandfather Tales: American-English Folk Tales. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1948.  Pedroso, Consiglieri. Portuguese Folk-Tales. Folk Lore Society Publications, Vol. 9. Miss Henrietta Monteiro, translator. New York: Folk Lore Society Publications, 1882.  Delarue, Paul, ed. The Borzoi Book of French Folk Tales. Austin E. Fife, translator. New York: Alfred E. Knopf, 1956. Jacobs, Joseph, ed. European Folk and Fairy Tales. New York: G. P Putnam's Sons, 1916.  Cole, Joanna, ed. Best-Loved Folktales of the World. Garden City, NY: Anchor Press/Doubleday, 1982.

EDRD 319 Spring 2011 90 Title: Beauty and the Beast  Briggs, Katherine M., ed. A Dictionary of British Folk-Tales in the English Language. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1970, 1971. Motif: D100  Chase, Richard, ed. Grandfather Tales: American-English Folk Tales. Tale summary: A prince is cursed and turned into a beast after refusing to Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1948. help a stranger. The stranger tells the prince that only true love can reverse  Bodker, Laurits; Hole, Christina; and D'Aronoco, G., eds.European the spell and transform him back into the handsome prince. The prince Folk Tales. European Folklore Series, vol. 1. Copenhagen: Rosenkilde finally find his true love, the curse is reversed and they live happily ever and Bagger, 1963. after. Bibliography of Variants: Bare Bone Structure:  Sutermeister, Otto. Kinder- und Hausmärchen aus der  Prince/Princess is unkind to a stranger Schweiz. Aarau: Sauerländer, 1873.  The stranger casts a spell and the prince/princess is tuned into a  Pourrat, Henri, ed. A Treasury of French Tales. Mary Mian, translator. hideous animal Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1954.  Prince finds true love and the spell is reversed.  Calvino, Italo. Italian Folktales. George Martin, translator. New York: Pantheon Books, 1980.  They live happily ever after  Beckwith, Martha Warren. Jamaica Anansi Stories. New York: The Human Essence: American Folk-Lore Society, 1924.  Campbell, Marie. Tales from the Cloud Walking Country.  Power of love Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1958.  Being kind to others  Fielde, A. M., Chinese Fairy Stories. New York: Putnam, 1893.

Bibliography of Versions:  Pedroso, Consiglieri. Portuguese Folk-Tales. Folk Lore Society Publications, Vol. 9. Miss Henrietta Monteiro, translator. New York: Folk Lore Society Publications, 1882.  Gray, Louis Herbert, ed. Oceanic Mythology, Volume IX of The Mythology of All Races. Boston: Marshall Jones, 1916.  Hearne, Betsy. Beauties and Beasts. The Oryx Multicultural Folktale Series. Phoenix: Oryx Press, 1993. Zingerle, Ignaz and Joseph. Kinder- und Hausmärchen. Innsbruck: Verlag der Wagner'schen Buchhandlung, 1852.  Delarue, Paul. French Fairy Tales. New York: Alfred E. Knopf, 1968. Crane, Thomas Frederick. Italian Popular Tales. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1885.  Curtin, Jeremiah, ed. Myths and Folk Tales of Ireland. New York: Dover, 1975. Grimm, Jacob and Wilhelm. Kinder- und Hausmärchen. 1812.

EDRD 319 Spring 2011 91 Title: The Crab and his Mother

Motif: P231

Tale summary: Mother Crab tells her son to walk straight which is not possible.

Bare Bones Structure:

 Mother/Son  Mother criticizes son  Son asks for an example, and she is unable to do it

Human Essence:

 Inability to practice what we preach  Want to change what isn’t possible

Bibliography of Versions:

 Morpurgo, M. Clark, E. C. “The McElderry Book of Aesop's Fables

Sources

McDonald, M.R. The Storyteller's Sourcebook. Detroit: Gale Research Company, 1982.

Thompson, S. Motif Index of Folk Literature. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1966.

SurLaLune- http://www.surlalunefairytales.com/

EDRD 319 Spring 2011 92 Title Cinderella

Motif Index H 36.1 Identity proven with slipper test Academic Sources

S 31. Cruel Stepmother McDonald, M.R. The Storyteller's Sourcebook. Detroit: Gale Research Company, 1982. S 34. Cruel Stepsisters Thompson, S. Motif Index of Folk Literature. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1966.

Tale Summary Unlikely girl becomes a princess. Girl’s mother dies and her father and Bibliography of Versions (close to tale type) stepmother give her all the duties of a house maid. Stepsisters are cruel to the girl. The King throws a festival that all young women are to attend;  Joseph Jacobs, Europa's Fairy Book (New York and London: G. P. Stepmother does not allow girl to attend. The girl attends with the help of Putnam's Sons, 1916), pp. 1-12. the magic tree planted on her mother’s grave. The prince falls in love with  Andrew Lang, The Blue Fairy Book, 5th ed. (London: Longmans, the girl and finds her with the slipper she left behind. The stepsisters try to Green, and Co., 1891), pp. 64-71.  Marjory Wardrop, Georgian Folk Tales (London: David Nutt, 1894), trick the prince but the girl passes the test and weds the prince. pp. 63-67. Bare Bones Structures Bibliography of Variants (somewhat different from tale type)

Human essence of this story: Hard times fall upon those who are  Jeremiah Curtin, Myths and Folk-Lore of Ireland (Boston: Little, Brown, and Company, 1890), pp. 78-92. undeserving.  J. Hinton Knowles, Folk-Tales of Kashmir (London: Kegan Paul, Plot Trench, Trübner, and Company, 1893), pp. 127-29.  Thomas Frederick Crane, Italian Popular Tales (London: Macmillan  Family and Company, 1885), no. 9, pp. 42-47.  Family member dies  Someone new comes into the family  Treats a member (usually a child) poorly  The mistreated member seeks acceptance but is denied  The mistreated falls in love  A test is given to prove identity  Deceit is tried, but fails  The test proves identity of the mistreated  Mistreated becomes rich and the abusers are punished

EDRD 319 Spring 2011 93 Title Little Red Riding Hood Academic Sources

Motif Index McDonald, M.R. The Storyteller's Sourcebook. Detroit: Gale Research Company, 1982. K811. Victim lured into house and killed. Thompson, S. Motif Index of Folk Literature. Bloomington: Indiana University K815. Victim lured by kind words approaches trickster and is killed Press, 1966.

B211.2.4. Speaking wolf Bibliography of Versions (close to tale type) Tale Summary  Kinder- und Hausmärchen, 1st ed. (Berlin, 1812), v. 1, no. 26. Translated by D. L. Ashliman. Little girl sent to take care of her sick grandmother. Along the way, she  A. H. Wratislaw, Sixty Folk-Tales from Exclusively Slavonic Sources meets a wolf who tricks her to take the long way to her grandmother’s. The (London: Elliot Stock, 1889), no. 15, pp. 97-100. wolf arrives first, eats the grandmother. and dresses in her clothes. When Bibliography of Variants (somewhat different from tale type) the girl arrives, she believes the wolf is her grandmother and is eaten.  Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm, Der Wolf und die sieben jungen Geißlein Bare Bones Structures Kinder- und Hausmärchen (Children's and Household Tales -- Grimms' Fairy Tales), no. 5.  Christian Schneller, "Das Rothhütchen," Märchen und Sagen aus Wälschtirol: Ein Beitrag zur deutschen Sagenkunde (Innsbruck: Verlag Human essence of this story: Predator and Prey—the danger of strangers der Wagner'schen Universitäts-Buchhandlung, 1867), no. 6, pp. 9-10. Translated by D. L. Ashliman. © 2007.

Plot

 Predator/Prey  Prey leaves to tend to the sick  Predator and prey meet along the way  Predator tricks prey into taking a different path  Predator goes to the sick and eats it  The prey arrives and is tricked to believe the predator is someone else  The predator eats the prey

EDRD 319 Spring 2011 94 Title Rapunzel  Promises something very valuable in exchange for freedom  The wicked keeps it all to him/herself where no one can reach it Motif Index R41.2. Captivity in tower  Someone comes along and tries to rescue the locked up valuable  When caught, the wicked moves it and harms the one who tried to R111.1.8. Rescue of maidens from witches “steal” her valuables

Q402. Punishment of children for parents’ offenses

Academic Sources

McDonald, M.R. The Storyteller's Sourcebook. Detroit: Gale Research Tale Summary Company, 1982. A woman with child wants food from a witch’s forbidden garden. The Thompson, S. Motif Index of Folk Literature. Bloomington: Indiana University woman convinces her husband to retrieve the food, but the witch catches Press, 1966. him. She says he can take as much as he would like if they give the witch their child. When the child is born, the witch takes her and later locked the child in a tower. To visit the child, the witch would climb up her hair. A prince comes along and devises a plan to help the girl escape. The witch Bibliography of Versions (close to tale type) catches the girl, sends her away and the prince is blinded. After wandering  Calvino, Italo. Italian Folktales. George Martin, translator. New York: for years, the prince stumbles upon the girl and they marry. Pantheon Books, 1980  Heiner, Heidi Anne, editor. Rapunzel and Other Maiden in the Tower Tales From Around the World. Nashville: SurLaLune Press with Bare Bones Structures CreateSpace, 2010. Bibliography of Variants (somewhat different from tale type)

 Basile, Giambattista. "Petrosinella." The Pentamerone, or The Story Human essence of this story: Children are often punished for their parents’ of Stories. John Edward Taylor, translator. London: David Bogue, mistake. 1850.  Lang, Andrew, ed. The Grey Fairy Book. New York: Dover, 1967. (Original published 1900.)

Plot

 A man is somewhere he should not be to retrieve something for someone else  Gets caught by the wicked EDRD 319 Spring 2011 95 Title The Peach Boy Academic Sources

Motif Index G520. Ogre deceived into self-injury, G610. Theft from ogre, Barchers, Suzanne. Multicultural Folktales. Englewood: Teachers Ideas N200. The good gifts of fortune, W11.15. Generous person refuses no man Press, 2000. 16-19. Print. anything. Thompson, S. Motif Index of Folk Literature. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1966.

Tale Summary Bibliography of Versions (close to tale type)

An old man and woman live simply, but want a son. The old man finds a  Thompson, Stith. Tales of the North American Indians. Toronto: large peach in the river and he and his wife discover a baby boy inside. They General Publishing Company, 1929. 191-194. Print. raise him up as their own, and when he turns fifteen he goes out to defeat the evil ogres. With the help of animal friends he meets along the way, he Bibliography of Variants (somewhat different from tale type) defeats the ogres and brings home riches to support his family.  Calvino, Italo. Italian Folktales. Torino: Harcourt Inc., 1956. 185-188. Bare Bones Structures Print.  “Kakuarshuk.” Infertility Stories. Web. 18 Feb 2011.  Man and woman want child http://theburrow.zzapg4.co.uk/personal/infertiltity/istories/stories/  Find child in unexpected place fiction/kakuarshuk.html.  Keep and raise child  El Shamy, Hasan. Tales Arab Women Tell. Bloomington: Indiana  Child goes off to defeat evil University Press, 1999. 71-72.  Meets friends along the way  New friends help to defeat evil  Returns home with riches

Human essence of this story

• Deep desire • Hearts desire fulfilled • Leaving home • Making friends • Teamwork • Defeating evil • Evil becoming good • Punishing evil • Bringing home riches/treasure

EDRD 319 Spring 2011 96 Title The Seven Pairs of Slippers Thompson, S. Motif Index of Folk Literature. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1966. Motif Index D537. Transformation by changing clothes, D1985. Means of acquiring invisibility, D832. Magic objects acquired by acting as umpire for fighting heirs, D641.4. Transformation to travel to other world. Bibliography of Versions (close to tale type)

 Magnus, Leonard A. Russian Folk-Tales. New York: E. P. Dutton and Tale Summary Company, 1916.  Heiner, Heidi Anne, editor. Twelve Dancing Princesses Tales From A princess wears out seven pairs of steel slippers every night and her father Around the World. Nashville: SurLaLune Press with CreateSpace, wants to know why. He challenges anyone to discover how she wears out 2010. her shoes. A soldier, who has obtained a magical cap and boots, accepts. He  Thompson, Stith, ed. One Hundred Favorite Folktales. Bloomington: discovers she is dancing with giants and gets her to tell the truth. He is Indiana University Press, 1974. rewarded by living at the castle and he and the princess marry. Bibliography of Variants (somewhat different from tale type)

Bare Bones Structures  Lang, Andrew, ed. "Dorani." The Olive Fairy Book. New York: Dover, 1968. (Original published 1907.)  Someone wants to discover a secret about someone else  Jacobs, Joseph. "Katie Crackernuts." English Fairy Tales. London:  Challenges anyone to discover the secret David Nutt, 1890.  Someone accepts challenge  Grimm, Jacob and Wilhelm. The Complete Fairy Tales of the Brothers  With help of magical items, secret is discovered Grimm. Jack Zipes, translator. New York: Bantam, 1987.  Secret keeper is tricked into telling the truth  Villa, Susie Hoogasian. 100 Armenian Tales. Detroit: Wayne State  Secret discover is rewarded by challenger University Press, 1966. Human essence of this story  O'Flaherty, Wendy Doniger. Tales of Sex and Violence: Folklore, Sacrifice and Danger in the Jaiminiya Brahmana. Chicago: University • Secrets of Chicago Press, 1985. • Royalty  Thundy, Zacharias P., ed. South Indian Folktales of Kadar. Meerut, • Cleverness India: Folklore Institute, 1983. • Trickery  Grimm. Grimm’s Fairy Tales. New York: Henry Z. Walck Inc., 1962. • Truthfulness at last 97-99. • Rewards for a job well-done

Academic Sources

Barchers, Suzanne. Multicultural Folktales. Englewood: Teachers Ideas Press, 2000. 176-180.

EDRD 319 Spring 2011 97 Title The Elves and the Shoemaker

Motif Index F346.1. Fairies make shoes for mortal. Academic Sources

Grimm. Grimm’s Fairy Tales. New York: Henry Z. Walck Inc., 1962. 97-99.

Tale Summary Thompson, S. Motif Index of Folk Literature. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1966. A very hard working, honest shoemaker has become poor. He has just enough to make one more pair of shoes. He finds the shoes made in the morning not knowing who made them. This goes on for some time and the shoemaker becomes thriving again. The shoemaker and his wife hide out to Bibliography of Versions (close to tale type) see who is making the shoes, it’s naked elves. To thank them the shoemaker  Briggs, Katherine M., ed. A Dictionary of British Folk-Tales in the and his wife make them clothes and leave them out for them. The elves take English Language. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1970, 1971. the clothes and never return with the shoemaker continuing to be Part. A, v. 1, 233. successful and happy.

Bibliography of Variants (somewhat different from tale type)

Bare Bones Structures  Grimm, Jacob and Wilhelm. The Complete Fairy Tales of the Brothers Grimm. Jack Zipes, translator. New York: Bantam, 1987, 646.  Man down on his luck  Fillmore, Parker. The Shoemaker’s Apron: Czechoslovak Folk and  Something unknown does secret labor for him Fairy Tales. New York: Harcourt, Brace and Company, 1920, 271-  Man becomes rich again 280.  Man and wife hide to discover secret laborers  Zipes, Jack. Victorian Fairy Tales: The Revolt of the Fairies and Elves.  Thank labors with a gift New York: Methuen, Inc., 1987, 145-162.  Laborers no longer come, but man and wife are happy and  Barchers, Suzanne. Multicultural Folktales. Englewood: Teachers prosperous Ideas Press, 2000. 176-180.

Human essence of this story

 People down on their luck  People helping people secretly  Change of luck  Thankfulness for helping  A happy ending (and they lived happily ever after)

EDRD 319 Spring 2011 98 Title: Beauty and the Beast Bibliography of Versions (close to tale type)

Motif Index :R41.1. R41.1. Captivity in castle  Joseph Jacobs, Europa's Fairy Book [also published under the title D300--D399. Transformation: animal to person European Folk and Fairy Tales] (New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, D1130. Magic buildings and parts 1916), no. 5, pp. 34-41. D1150. Magic furniture  (France, Jeanne-Marie LePrince de Beaumont). 4th ed., v. 1 (London: C. Nourse, 1783), pp. 45-67. First published in 1756 in D1170. Magic utensils and implements France under the title Magasin des enfans, ou dialogues entre une sage gouvernante et plusieure de ses élèves. The first English Tale Summary: A merchant with three daughters asked what he could bring translation appeared in 1757. back for them from a trip. Two daughters asked for jewelry, but Beauty  Wentworth Webster, Basque Legends, 2nd edition (London: Griffith asked for a rose. The merchant stopped at a castle on the way home and and Farran, 1879), pp. 167-72. plucked a rose. A beast, owner of the castle demanded that the merchant  Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm, "Von dem Sommer- und Wintergarten," sends his daughter to live at the castle as repayment of stealing a rose. Kinder- und Hausmärchen (1812), vol. 1, no. 68. Beauty agrees to live with the beast to repay her father’s debt. The castle  Carl and Theodor Colshorn, "Vom klinkesklanken Lowesblatt," was enchanted with magic furniture and objects, and Beauty has everything Märchen und Sagen aus Hannover (Hannover: Verlag von Carl she wants. The beast was kind to her. When the beast appeared to have Ruempler, 1854), no. 20, pp. 64-69.  "Das Nusszweiglein," Ludwig Bechsteins Märchenbuch, 32nd edition died, Beauty declared her love for him. This broke the spell and he became a (Leipzig: Verlag von Georg Wigand, 1879), pp. 69-74. handsome prince and they married.  Ludwig Bechstein, "Besenstielchen," Sämtliche Märchen, edited by Walter Scherf (Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, Human Essence of this story: 1983), pp. 416-20.  Love goes deeper than appearance  J. Christian Bay, Danish Fairy and Folk Tales (New York and London:  Enchanted manors are neat Harper and Brothers, 1899), pp. 14-20. Plot  Ignaz and Joseph Zingerle, "Die singende Rose," Kinder- und Hausmärchen (Innsbruck: Verlag der Wagner'schen Buchhandlung,  Merchant promises to bring back gifts for his daughters 1852), no. 30, pp. 183-88.  Merchant stops at a castle to pick a rose  Otto Sutermeister, "Der Bärenprinz," Kinder- und Hausmärchen aus  Beast demands that the merchant sends his daughter to live at der Schweiz (Aarau: H. R. Sauerländer, 1873), no. 37, pp. 112-15. castle as repayment for the rose  Thomas Frederick Crane, Italian Popular Tales (London: Macmillan  Beauty lives in enchanted castle, begins to care for the beast and Company, 1885), no. 2, pp. 7-11.  When it appears that the beast dies, Beauty declares her love for  Sidney Oldall Addy, Household Tales and Other Traditional Remains: him Collected in the Counties of York, Lincoln, Derby, and Nottingham  The spell is broken, and the beast becomes a handsome prince. (London: David Nutt; Sheffield: Pawson and Brailsford, 1895), no. 1,  They marry. pp. 1-4.  Leonard A. Magnus, Russian Folk-Tales (New York: E. P. Dutton and Company, 1916), pp. 283-86.

EDRD 319 Spring 2011 99 Bibliography of Variants (somewhat different from tale type)

 Thomas Bulfinch, The Age of Fable; or, Stories of Gods and Heroes (1855). Bulfinch's source is The Golden Ass (books 4-6) by the Roman writer Lucius Apuleius.  Peter Christen Asbjørnsen and Jørgen Moe, Østenfor sol og vestenfor måne, Norske Folkeeventyr (Christiania [Oslo], 1842-1852), translated by George Webb Dasent (1859). Translation revised by D. L. Ashliman. © 2001.

EDRD 319 Spring 2011 100 Title: Why The Sea is Salt  The mill produces everything he wants, he becomes wealthy. He also provides for the poor. Motif Index:  His brother gets a hold of the mill and can’t turn it off—herring and D800--D899. Ownership of magic objects milk-soup goes everywhere. Gives it back to his brother. Q140. Miraculous or magic rewards  Salt Merchant bribes the mill owner’s servant to steal the mill, L140. The unpromising surpasses the promising wishes for salt, and mill won’t stop producing it.  Throws it into the sea, where it produces salt at the bottom of the Tale Summary: A poor man traded a ham for a magic mill. The mill would ocean today. That is why the sea is salty. grind out anything the man desired, and made him wealthy. However, he was the only man who knew how to stop the mill from producing a wish. The man’s greedy brother got a hold of the mill and tried to use it, but when Bibliography of Versions (close to tale type) he wished for breakfast, he couldn’t stop the milk-soup and herrings, and they poured out into the country. So, he gave it back to his brother. His  Folk and Fairy Tales, Midland Park: The Editorial Board of the brother lived well, but he also used the mill to provide for the poor. One University Society, pp.129-135, 1975. day, a salt merchant bribed the mill owner’s servant to steal it for him.  Snorri Sturluson, The Prose Edda, translated by Arthur Gilchrist When he wished for the mill to produce salt, it did, and never stopped. Brodeur, New York: The American-Scandinavian Foundation, 1916, Since he didn’t know how to stop it, the merchant threw it into the sea, pp. 162-63. where it still produces salt at the bottom of the ocean. That is why the sea is  Peter Christen Asbjørnsen and Jørgen Moe, Popular Tales from the salty. Norse, translated by George Webbe Dasent, New York: D. Appleton and Company, 1859), pp. 9-15. Human Essence of this Story:  J. Christian Bay, Danish Fairy and Folk Tales, New York and London: Harper and Brothers, 1899, pp. 11-13.  People like to hear about the poor overcoming poverty and having  Carl and Theodor Colshorn, Märchen und Sagen Hannover: Verlag everything they want von Carl Rümpler, 1854, no. 61, pp. 173-75.  It would be great to have a magic mill to provide for all our needs instead of working for it, or facing poverty  Ethic of charity reinforced Bibliography of Variants (somewhat different from tale type)  Teaches the ethic of greed coming to a bad end  Answers the age old question of why the sea is salty   Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm, Der süße Brei, Kinder- und Hausmärchen (Children's and Household Tales -- Grimms' Fairy Tales), no. 103

Plot

 Poor man humbles himself to ask his stingy wealthier brother for a

Christmas Ham  Poor man meets old man with white beard in forest who tells him to

trade the ham for a magic mill with the dwarves.

EDRD 319 Spring 2011 101 Title: Emperor’s New Clothes  Emperor, Two Ministers, Entire Retinue and town don’t admit they can’t see anything for fear they would look stupid and deemed unfit Motif Index: for their jobs.  Emperor parades naked down main street. K150. Sale of worthless services  Child blurts out that the king is naked. K1700. Deception through bluffing  Even though he realizes he is naked, the Emperor continues to L410. Proud ruler (deity) humbled parade, attempting to use ceremony to cloak the truth. Bibliography of Versions (close to tale type) Tale Summary: A vain emperor who loves clothes more than anything else, is swindled by two men posing as weavers. They tell him they can make him  Anderson, Hans Christian, Folk and Fairy Tales, Midland Park: The a magic cloak in which he will be able to test the “wisdom or folly” of those Editorial Board of the University Society, pp.102-104, 1975. who look at it. Those who can’t see the cloak are stupid or unfit for their  Andersen, H. C. (Hans Christian), New York : North-South Books: jobs. The weavers accept payment of silks and costly threads of gold and Distributed in the U.S. by Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, 1986. silver. They make a great show of cutting and sewing an invisible cloak. No  Andersen, H. C. (Hans Christian), The Stories of Hans Christian one, including the emperor, can see the imaginary cloak, but no one wants Anderson: A New Translation from the Danish/ Selected and to admit it because they don’t want to be deemed stupid or unfit for their Translated, Durham: Duke University Press, 2005 jobs. The emperor parades naked down the main street of town, and finally  Cole, Sharon A., The emperor’s New Clothes, An Original a small child blurts out that the emperor is naked. Everyone instantly knew Adaptation: a Stage Magic Play, Schulenburg: I.E. Clark, 1980 that the child spoke the truth because he was not afraid of losing his job.  Henry Parker, Village Folk-Tales of Ceylon, volume 2 (London: Luzac The emperor continued the ceremony anyway. and Company, 1914), no. 89, pp. 66-69.  Sheykh-Zada, The History of the Forty Vezirs; or, the Story of the Human Essence: Forty Morns and Eves, translated by E. J. W. Gibb (London, 1886), pp. 148-149. The tale's original title is "The Lady's Twelfth Story."  People will capitalize on character flaws, such as vanity, to deceive, sell worthless services and take advantage.  Fabulous clothes made of gold and silver are appealing. Bibliography of Variants (somewhat different from tale type)  Fear of looking stupid stops people from speaking the truth  People may compromise the truth to avoid jeopardizing their  Charles Swynnerton, Indian Nights' Entertainment; or, Folk-Tales from livelihood the Upper Indus (London: Elliot Stock, 1892), no. 22, pp. 56-62.  It’s funny to think of a proud emperor parading around naked.  W. Carew Hazlitt, Shakespeare Jest-Books: Reprints of the Early and Very Plot Rare Jest-Books Supposed to Have Been Used by Shakespeare (London: Willis and Sothern, 1864), p. 23.  Emperor is very vain, and loves clothes more than anything else.  Cons sell him an imaginary magic cloak  Cloak will test “wisdom or folly” of those who look at it  Swindlers are paid with costly silks, threads of gold and silver  Cheats keep the supplies for themselves and pretend to cut and sew an imaginary cloak

EDRD 319 Spring 2011 102 Title Little Red Riding Hood Bibliography of Versions (close to tale type)

Motif Index K2011 also see K811 and K890  Grimm, Jacob and Wilhim. Kinder- und Hausmärchen, (Little Red Cap) 1st ed. (Berlin, 1812), v. 1, no. 26. Translated by D. L. Ashliman Tale Summary  Wratislaw, A. H. Sixty Folk-Tales from Exclusively Slavonic Sources (London: Elliot Stock, 1889) Little girl goes to visit her grandmother, encounters a wolf along the way. The wolf goes to the grandmother’s house, eats her, and pretends to be the grandmother. The girl believes wolf to be the grandmother, enters the Bibliography of Variants (somewhat different from tale type) house and after questioning him she is also eaten.  Schneller, Christian. "Das Rothhütchen," Märchen und Sagen aus Bare Bones Structures Wälschtirol: Ein Beitrag zur deutschen Sagenkunde (Innsbruck: Verlag der Wagner'schen Universitäts-Buchhandlung, 1867) (Italian "El Human essence of this story cappelin rosso" Little Red Hood)  Collected by Millien, Achille. Conte de la mère-grand (The Grandmother)  Deceptions and hypocrites (Nivernais, France, 1870)  Character is innocent and seeks friendship with stranger  Lang, Andrew. The Red Fairy Book, 5th edition (London and New York:  Stranger/hypocrite pretends friendship but attacks Longmans, Green, and Company, 1895)  Stranger/hypocrite deceives and kills/eats the grandmother  Potter, Beatrix. The Tale of Jemima Puddle-Duck (New York: Frederick  Stranger/hypocrite deceives the main character Warne and Company, 1908)  Stranger/hypocrite poses as “grandmother”  Victim lured into the house and killed/eaten

Academic Sources

McDonald, M.R. The Storyteller's Sourcebook. Detroit: Gale Research Company, 1982.

Thompson, S. Motif Index of Folk Literature. Bloomington: Indiana University

Press, 1966.

EDRD 319 Spring 2011 103 Title The Emperor’s New Clothes

Motif Index J2312, K1200, J1705, and J1122 Academic Sources

McDonald, M.R. The Storyteller's Sourcebook. Detroit: Gale Research Company, 1982. Tale Summary Thompson, S. Motif Index of Folk Literature. Bloomington: Indiana University An Emperor loves clothing and two weavers come to him and claim that Press, 1966. they can make the finest garment and will have the amazing property that will make it invisible to anyone incompetent or stupid. The weavers work on Bibliography of Versions (close to tale type) the “garment” but are not actually making anything. The Emperor has many of his best and brightest view their work and when they see nothing they  Spanish story recorded by Don Juan Manuel, Andersen, Hans Christian. Keiserens nye klæder (1837) fear they will be fired for being “stupid” they tell him it is the finest garment  Parker, Henry. Village Folk-Tales of Ceylon, volume 2 (London: Luzac they have ever seen. The “garment” is finished and presented to the and Company, 1914) Emperor, who also claims it is lovely and “wears” it out to a ceremony. All his subjects view him wearing nothing but are also afraid of being “stupid” and claim he looks magnificent until a small child says the Emperor is Bibliography of Variants (somewhat different from tale type) wearing nothing. Everyone then admits they see nothing, and the Emperor  Sheykh-Zada, The History of the Forty Vezirs; or, the Story of the Forty knew they were right, but kept the procession going. Morns and Eves, translated by E. J. W. Gibb (London, 1886)(The tale's original title is "The Lady's Twelfth Story")

Bare Bones Structures

Human Essence of this story

 Naked person to believe he is clothed  Deception-humility  Foolish king  Clever younger generation  King is tricked  Pride keeps character from admitting something is not right  It takes a child to point out an obvious flaw  Character realizes he has be deceived, but still continues on

EDRD 319 Spring 2011 104 Title The Snow Child Bibliography of Versions (close to tale type)

Motif Index T510, P231, P233, and T574  Lutz Röhrich, Erzählungen des späten Mittelalters und ihr Weiterleben in Literatur und Volksdichtung bis zur Gegenwart (Bern Tale Summary and Munich: Francke Verlag, 1962)  Pauli, Johannes. "Das Eiskind," Sinnreiche und unterhaltende Father returns home from a long voyage and finds his wife with a newborn Geschichten aus Frater Johannes Pauli's Schimpf und Ernst. Edited son. Wife claims she slipped on ice and fell into a snow bank and 9 months by Gustav Jördens (Leipzig: Wilhelm Lauffer, 1822) later gave birth to the snow child. Father warms up to snow child and takes him out on a voyage, and returns home with no child. He said the snow child Bibliography of Variants (somewhat different from tale type) melted.

Bare Bones Structures  Bracciolini, Poggio. The Facetiae or Jocose Tales, (Paris: Isidore Liseux, 1879) Plot

 Miraculous Conception  Mother and son  Father not please to have unknown son  Father and son  Mother convinces father the child is a wonder  Mother leaves son with father, child melts/is killed  One varation- 12 month long pregnancy

Academic Sources

McDonald, M.R. The Storyteller's Sourcebook. Detroit: Gale Research Company, 1982.

Thompson, S. Motif Index of Folk Literature. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1966.

EDRD 319 Spring 2011 105 Title The Tortoise and the Hare Thompson, S. Motif Index of Folk Literature. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1966 Motif Index: N130- Changing of luck or fate. H500- Cleverness and ability Bibliography of Variants (somewhat different from tale type) Tale Summary The story concerns a hare who one day ridiculed a slow- moving tortoise. In response, the tortoise challenged his swift mocker to a  Why Does the Buffalo Walk Slowly and Tread Gently? The Race of the race. The hare soon left the tortoise far behind and, confident of winning, Buffalo and the Hare Romania, M. Gaster. he decided to take a nap midway through the course. When he awoke,  How the Hedgehog Ran the Devil to Death England, Ella M. Leather. however, he found that his competitor, crawling slowly but steadily, had  Mister Rabbit Finds His Match at Last African American, Joel Chandler already won the race Harris.  Keeping Pace African American, Elsie Clews Parsons. Bare Bones Structures  The Race African American, Elsie Clews Parsons.  Two Fast Runners American Indian -- Blackfeet.  Argument over who is better  Old Nick and the Girl Sweden, Gabriel Djurklou  Over confident  Over confident character gets lazy Bibliography of Versions (close to tale type)  Other character keeps pushing himself as hard as he can  Believes in himself and wins the race  The Hare and the Tortoise by Samuel Croxall  Over confident character looses the race and confidence  The Hare and Tortoise France, Jean de La Fontaine.  Slow and steady wins the race  The Fox and the Snail Switzerland, Otto Sutermeister Human essence of this story  The Frog and the Snail Netherlands, G. J. Boekenoogen  Over confidence.  The Fox and the Crab Germany, Gottfried Henssen  Never underestimate others.  The Hare and the Hedgehog Germany, Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm  Always believe in yourself and your abilities  The Race American Indian -- Pueblo Plot  The Frog and the Antelope American Indian -- Kootenai  Turtle's Race American Indian -- Ojibwa  Two animals decide to have a race  Turtle's Race, Second Version American Indian -- Ojibwa  One animal is cocky and overly confident  The Tortoise and the Stag Brazil, Andrew Lang  Pauses for a short nap  The Snail and the Deer Philippines, W. H. Millington and Berton Maxfield.  Other animal keeps on going  Carabao and the Shell Philippines, Mabel Cook Cole.  The not overly confident animal wins the race  An Unequal Match; Or, Why the Carabao's Hoof Is Split Philippines, Dean S. Fansler.  The Crane and the Crab Fiji, Constance Frederica Gordon Cumming. Academic Sources  The Butterfly and the Crane Fiji, Constance Frederica Gordon Cumming.  The King Crow and the Water Snail Malaya, Walter Skeat. McDonald, M.R. The Storyteller's Sourcebook. Detroit: Gale Research  The Frog and the Wild Hog Madagascar, James Sibree. Company, 1988  Tortoise in a Race West Africa, Robert H. Nassau. EDRD 319 Spring 2011 106 Title Ugly Duckling Plot

Motif Index:  Ugly duckling feels alienated by his siblings so he leaves  Barely survives the winter L200-L299- Modesty brings reward  Spring comes and the duckling turns into a beautiful swan  Lesson of inner beauty and happiness is learned. W0--W99. Favorable traits of character

Tale Summary

A mother duck hatches her eggs. One is grey, too large, and too clumsy to Academic Sources fit in among the others. He is made fun of by the others, so he leaves. He is rescued by a human, he cannot live in captivity, and he goes back to the McDonald, M.R. The Storyteller's Sourcebook. Detroit: Gale Research wild. By the end of winter he is miraculously still alive. He comes to a pond, Company, 1988 where beautiful white swans are swimming. The beautiful creatures welcome and accept him; gazing at his reflection, he sees that he too is a Bibliography of Variants (somewhat different from tale type) swan.  Cinderella- Charles Perrault Bare Bones Structures  The Stinky Cheeseman- Jon Scieszka  Disney version of the Ugly Duckling  Creature that is different than the rest is born  Difference isn’t accepted Bibliography of Versions (close to tale type)  Being different leads to alienation and ridicule  Feelings of inadequacy and lack of confidence  The Ugly Duckling by Hans Christian Anderson  Creature that is different learns the importance of a kind and happy  The Ugly Prince Duckling heart, because others don’t accept their physical appearance.  Different creature becomes the most beautiful of all. Ugly character becomes beautiful. Human Essense of Story:

 Inner beauty.  Having a good heart  Happiness

 Value of having good morals and knowing what is important in life  Physical appearance in the grand scheme of things means nothing.  Can’t judge a book by its cover  Self identity

EDRD 319 Spring 2011 107 Title The Beauty and the Beast

Motif Index: Academic Sources

L160- Success of the unpromising hero McDonald, M.R. The Storyteller's Sourcebook. Detroit: Gale Research M400- Curses Company, 1988 N130- Changing of luck or fate Thompson, S. Motif Index of Folk Literature. Bloomington: Indiana University Tale Summary Press, 1966. Belle is a girl who is dissatisfied with life. She is constantly trying to fend off her, not so secret admirer, Gaston. The Beast is a prince who was placed Bibliography of Variants (somewhat different from tale type) under a spell because he could not love anyone. A wrong turn taken by Belle's father, causes Belle and the Beast to meet and fall in love.  The Singing, Springing Lark (Germany, Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm).  The Clinking Clanking Lowesleaf (Germany, Carl and Theodor Bare Bones Structures Colshorn).  The Little Nut Twig (Germany, Ludwig Bechstein).  Girl is dissatisfied with life  Little Broomstick (Germany, Ludwig Bechstein).  Trying to escape from being pursued by someone she has no  The Enchanted Frog (Germany, Carl and Theodor Colshorn). interest in  The Singing Rose (Austria, Ignaz and Joseph Zingerle).  Seeks change  The Bear Prince (Switzerland, Otto Sutermeister).  Leaves her familiar ways and finds change  Zelinda and the Monster (Italy, Thomas Frederick Crane).  Learns the importance of happiness  The Small-Tooth Dog (England, Sidney Oldall Addy).  Believes in himself and wins the race  The Enchanted Tsarévich (Russia, Alexander Afanasyev  Finds loved that is based beyond physical appearance  The ugly becomes beautiful Bibliography of Versions (close to tale type) Human essence of this story  Beauty and the Beast (Reconstructed from various European  Finding love. sources by Joseph Jacobs).  Defying the norm  Beauty and the Beast (France, Jeanne-Marie LePrince de  Happily ever after scenario Beaumont). Plot  The Story of Beauty and the Beast (France, Gabrielle-Suzanne Barbot de Villeneuve).  Belle is tired of life  Beauty and the Beast (France, Gabrielle-Suzanne Barbot de  Sets out to find a change Villeneuve [abridged and retold by Andrew Lang]).  Finds the change  Beauty and the Beast (Basque, Wentworth Webster).  Belle meets the Beast  The Summer and Winter Garden (Germany, Jacob and Wilhelm  They fall in love Grimm).  Beast turns in to a handsome Prince  Beauty and the Horse (Denmark, J. Christian Bay). EDRD 319 Spring 2011 108 Title Cinderella o The Cinder Maid (reconstructed from various European sources by Joseph Jacobs). Motif Index L50. Victorious youngest daughter. L55.1. L55.1. Abused o Cinderella; or, The Little Glass Slipper (France). stepdaughter. o Cinderella (Germany). o Katie Woodencloak (Norway). Tale Summary o The Broken Pitcher (England). o Ashey Pelt (Ireland). Step-daughter is mistreated by evil stepmother and evil stepsisters. She o Fair, Brown, and Trembling (Ireland). finds her own fairy godmother to take her to the ball at Prince Charming’s o The Sharp Grey Sheep (Scotland). castle. The Prince falls in love with her but she must make it home before o Rashin-Coatie (Scotland). her stepmother and stepsisters get home to find her missing. The Prince o Cinderella (Italy). o Little Saddleslut (Greece). comes looking for her, finds her and takes her back to his castle and away o Conkiajgharuna, the Little Rag Girl (Georgia). from her home to live happily ever after. o Pepelyouga (Serbia). o The Wonderful Birch (Russia). Bare Bones Structures o The Baba Yaga (Russia). o Plot The Wicked Stepmother (Kashmir). o The Turkey Herd (Native American, Zuni).  Step-daughter mistreated by family o The Indian Cinderella (Native American).  Finds magic to help her  Finds a prince and falls in love Bibliography of Variants (somewhat different from tale type)  Must leave suddenly and leaves the prince wanting more o Youngest daughter agrees to marry a monster; later the  Prince comes looking for her sisters are jealous. *Type 425; India: Thompson-Balys;  Finds her, and takes her away from evil family Korean: Zong in-Sob 199 No. 76  They live happily ever after o Youngest daughter suspects impostor. Elder have been deceived. N. A. Indian (Pawnee): Dorsey CI LIX 166 No. 44, (Kwakiut): Boas and Hunt JE X 196ff.; (Takelma): Sapir U Pa Academic Sources II (1) 64 No. 4, (Modoc): Curtin Myths of the Modocs (Boston, 1912) 27ff., (Yana): Curtin Creation Myths (Boston, McDonald, M.R. The Storyteller's Sourcebook. Detroit: Gale Research 1898) 353ff. Company, 1982. o Youngest daughter avoids seducer. Elder sisters have been deceived. Type 883B; Italian: Basile Pentamerone III No. 4; Thompson, S. Motif Index of Folk Literature. Bloomington: Indiana University India: Thompson-Balys Press, 1966. o Kind and unkind. Churlish person disregards requests of old person (animal) and is punished. Courteous person (often

youngest brother or sister) complies and is rewarded Bibliography of Versions (close to tale type)

EDRD 319 Spring 2011 109 Title: The Cat and the Candle Bibliography of Versions (close to tale type)

Motif Index: Thompson, S. Motif Index of Folk Literature. Bloomington:  Belling the Cat; The Fables of Æsop, Selected, Told Anew, and Their Indiana University Press, 1966. History Traced by Joseph Jacobs (New York: Schocken Books, 1966), pp. 159-160. This edition was first published in 1894 Tale Summary  Fox, Christyan, and Diane Fox. Cat and Mouse: the Hole Story. Brooklyn, NY: Handprint, 2001. A man has a cat trained to hold up lighted candles on its head. The king has  The Cat and the Mice; V. S. Vernon Jones, transl., Æsop's Fables (London: a mouse let loose. The cat drops the candle and chases the mouse W. Heinemann, 1912), pp. 2-3.  The Cat and the Mice; W. F. O'Connor, Folk Tales from Tibet (London: Human essence of this story Hurst and Blackett, Ltd., 1906), no. 5, pp. 26-29.  The Dog, the Cat and the Mouse; M. Gaster, Rumanian Bird and Beast A cat chases after a mouse endlessly while the mouse eludes him time after Stories (London: Folk-Lore Society, 1915), no. 66, pp. 208-209. time. The two will never live together in peace, and there will always be  At and Mouse; Ernst Meier, "Kätzle und Mäusle," Deutsche Volksmärchen (somewhat comical) tension between them. aus Schwaben (Stuttgart: C. P. Scheitlins Verlagshandlung, 1852), no. 81, pp. 283-285. There are certain things or ideas that are never supposed to mix, and when they do, there will always be problems. Bibliography of Variants (somewhat different from tale type) Bare Bones Structures  Cat and Mouse in Partnership; Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm, Kinder- und Plot Hausmärchen, 1st ed. (Berlin, 1812/1815), v. 1, no. 2.  Mouse and Mouser; Joseph Jacobs, English Fairy Tales (New York: G. P.  Predator/prey Putnam's Sons; London: David Nutt, 1898), pp. 48-50.  Prey is chased after  The Hypocritical Cat; Tibetan Tales, Derived from Indian Sources, (London:  Eludes predator countless times George Routledge and Sons, 1926), no. 40, pp. 344-345. This translation  Deception was first published in 1882.  Humor  The Cat as Holy Man; J. E. Hanauer, Folk-Lore of the Holy Land: Moslem,  Predator eats prey Christian and Jewish (London: The Sheldon Press, 1935), pp. 198-199. No copyright notice. This work was first published in 1907.  The Town Mouse and the Field Mouse; M. Gaster, Rumanian Bird and Academic Sources Beast Stories (London: Folk-Lore Society, 1915), no. 105, pp. 311-312. McDonald, M.R. The Storyteller's Sourcebook. Detroit: Gale Research  Cat and the Mouse; James Orchard Halliwell-Phillipps: Popular Rhymes and Nursery Tales: A Sequel to the Nursery Rhymes of England (London: Company, 1982. John Russell Smith, 1849), pp. 33-34. Thompson, S. Motif Index of Folk Literature. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1966.

EDRD 319 Spring 2011 110 Title: Moon’s Reflection in the Water Bibliography of Versions (close to tale type)

Motif Index: J1292. J1292.  J1791.1. J1791.1. Drinking the moon. Type 1335; *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin I 241 No. 124; *Kцhler-Bolte I 90, 498; Tale Summary Christensen DF XLVII 181.  Tide inquires whether moon is up. Minnow seeing absurdity of question J1791.2. J1791.2. Rescuing the moon. *Wesselski Hodscha Nasreddin I 241 No. 124; Christensen DF XLVII 217--18 no. 78; (since tide could not be up without the moon) tells the tide to wait till he American Negro: Harris Nights 100 No. 19. gets a drink and he will tell. Africa (Vai): Ellis 200 No. 17.  J1791.3. J1791.3. Diving for cheese. Christensen DF XLVII 217--18 no. 78; Spanish: Espinosa III Nos. 206f.; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales Human essence of this story 295 n. 81; Africa (Zulu): Callaway 357 (cf. J1791.4).  The moon has always been a thing of wonder for all people. The mystery of J1791.12. J1791.12 India: Thompson-Balys.  Joel Chandler Harris, "The Moon in the Mill-Pond," Nights with the reflection in the water brings about interesting tales. Uncle Remus: Myths and Legends of the Old Plantation (Boston and New York: Houghton, Mifflin, and Company, 1883), no. 19, pp. 100- Bare Bones Structures 107. Plot

 Significant object is thought to be in danger  Main figure does something crazy to “save” it Bibliography of Variants (somewhat different from tale type)  Confusion  Usually “save” the object  Nasreddin Hodja Rescues the Moon; Albert Wesselski, Der Hodscha Nasreddin, vol. 1 (Weimar: Alexander Duncker Verlag, 1911), no. 124, p. 64.  The Monkeys and the Moon; F. Anton von Schiefner, Tibetan Tales Derived from Indian Sources, translated from the German by W. R. S. Academic Sources Ralston (London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner, and Company, 1906), no. 45, p. 353. McDonald, M.R. The Storyteller's Sourcebook. Detroit: Gale Research  Joseph Jacobs, "The Three Sillies," English Fairy Tales (London: David Company, 1982. Nutt, 1890), pp. 9-14.

Thompson, S. Motif Index of Folk Literature. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1966.

EDRD 319 Spring 2011 111 Title: Fattening the Pig Bibliography of Versions (close to tale type)

Motif Index J1903.3. J1903.3.  The Sheep, the Lamb, the Wolf and the Hare; W. F. O'Connor, Folk Tales from Tibet (London: Hurst and Blackett, 1906), pp. 56-59. Tale Summary  K1024. K1024. Beginning with the smallest. Animals are to eat one another up to avoid starvation. The fox persuades them to start A farmer who wanted to fatten a pig fed it only twice a day. When told to with the smallest. *Type 20; *Krohn Bдr (Wolf) und Fuchs (JSFO VI) feed it three times a day he says, “A working man must have more to eat 81ff. than a pig.― *Wesselski Bebel I 141 No. 56.  The Lambkin; Joseph Jacobs, Indian Fairy Tales (London: David Nutt, 1892), no. 3, pp. 17-20. Human essence of this story  The Fisher and the Little Fish; Joseph Jacobs, The Fables of Æsop (London: Macmillan and Company, 1902), no. 53, p. 124. First It is better to wait and let the food you are going to kill fatten up before you published 1894. kill it to eat.  Mr. Hawk and Brother Bear; Source: Joel Chandler Harris, Nights with Uncle Remus (Boston and New York: Houghton, Mifflin, and Bare Bones Structures Company, 1883), no. 65, pp. 366-70. Plot Bibliography of Variants (somewhat different from tale type)  Predator/prey  K553.6. K553.6. Too dirty to eat. Trickster, cornered by leopard, leaps  Predator is hungry into swamp, then says he is too dirty to eat. Leopard smells of him and  Prey is small agrees. Africa (Wute): Sieber ZsES XII 173  Prey convinces predator to let them grow to become bigger and a  K567.1. K567.1. Prince to giant: ”Don’t eat me up, and I‘ll more satisfying meal prepare you a good dinner.“ India: Thompson-Balys.  Decide to wait and let it fatten up first  K869.3. K869.3. Deceptive game: ”Eat me up!“ Camel is killed by  Have more food lion. India: Thompson-Balys.  Prey is killed  J685.1. J685.1. Man, lion, and bear in pit. Chauvin III 64 No. 29.  The Dog and the Wolf; Theodor Vernaleken, "Der Hund und der Wolf," Österreichische Kinder- und Hausmärchen: Treu nach mündlicher Academic Sources Überlieferung (Vienna and Leipzig: WilhelmBraumüller, 1896), no. 9, pp. 39-43. McDonald, M.R. The Storyteller's Sourcebook. Detroit: Gale Research

Company, 1982.

Thompson, S. Motif Index of Folk Literature. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1966.

EDRD 319 Spring 2011 112 Title The Frog Prince Academic Sources McDonald, M.R. The Storyteller's Sourcebook. Detroit: Gale Research Motif Index B211.7.1 Speaking Frog, B212 Animal understands human Company, 1982. speech, B439.1 Helpful frog, B571.1 Animals perform tasks for man, L54.1 Thompson, S. Motif Index of Folk Literature. Bloomington: Indiana University Youngest daughter agrees to marry a monster; later the sisters are jealous, Press, 1966. D395 Transformation: frog to person, D791.2.2.1 Disenchantment promised Bibliography of Versions (close to tale type) if girl may marry transformed man  Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm, Kinder- und Hausmärchen, 1st ed. (Berlin, 1812/1815), v. 1, no. 1. Tale Summary A king has three daughters. The oldest two daughters refuse  German Popular Stories, translated [by Edgar Taylor] from the Kinder und the offer of the frog to have clean water in exchange for being his Haus Märchen, collected by M. M. Grimm, from Oral Tradition (London: sweetheart. The youngest daughter accepts and the frog gives her clear C. Baldwyn, 1823), pp. 205-210. water to drink and in exchange she must allow him to sleep at the foot of  Carl and Theodor Colshorn, Der verwunschene Frosch, Märchen und her bed for three nights. The morning following the third night she wakes up Sagen (Hannover: Verlag von Carl Rümpler, 1854), no. 42, pp. 139-141. to find the frog changed into a handsome prince. They marry and the older  W. Henry Jones and Lewis L. Kropf, The Folk-Tales of the Magyars sisters are angry. (London: Published for the Folk-Lore Society by Elliot Stock, 1889), pp. 224-26. Bare Bones Structures  J. F. Campbell, Popular Tales of the West Highlands: Orally Collected, vol. 2 (Edinburgh: Edmonston and Douglas, 1860), no. 33, pp. 130-32. Human essence of this story: Ugly turned into beautiful. The youngest gets  Joseph Jacobs, English Fairy Tales (London: David Nutt, 1890), pp. 215- the handsome prince instead of the oldest. Love comes from unexpected 19. places.  James Orchard Halliwell-Phillipps, Popular Rhymes and Nursery Tales: A Sequel to the Nursery Rhymes of England (London: John Russell Smith, Plot 1849), pp. 43-47.

 Disguised prince offers clear water in exchange for love  First two princesses refuse, third accepts Bibliography of Variants (somewhat different from tale type)  Frog gives clear water to third; she allows frog in her room  Frog sleeps at foot of princess’ bed for three nights  W. Henry Jones and Lewis L. Kropf, The Folk-Tales of the Magyars  Third morning princess wakes up to find a handsome prince (London: Published for the Folk-Lore Society by Elliot Stock, 1889),  King agrees to their marriage and other two princess’ angry pp. 404-405. Source  H. Parker, Village Folk Tales of Ceylon (1910), v. 1, pp. 59-62.  William Elliot Griffis, The Unmannerly Tiger, and Other Korean Tales Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm, Der Froschprinz, Kinder- und Hausmärchen, 1st (New York: Thomas Y. Crowell Company, 1911), pp. 112-125. ed. (Berlin, 1812/1815), v. 2, no. 13.  Zong In-Sob, Folk Tales from Korea (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1952), no. 76, pp. 175-178.  Folk Tales from China, third series (Peking: Foreign Languages Press, 1958), pp. 74-82.

EDRD 319 Spring 2011 113 Title Doctor Know-All Source

Motif Index L114.1 Lazy Hero, H508 Test: finding answer to certain question, Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm, "Doktor Allwissend," Kinder- und Hausmärchen, N611.1 Criminal accidentally detected: “that is the first” – sham wise man vol. 2 (Göttingen: Verlag der Dieterichschen Buchhandlung, 1857), no. 98, pp. 69-71. Tale Summary A poor man, Crab, decides that he would like to have the comfortable lifestyle of a doctor. He takes a doctor’s advice, sells his oxen Bibliography of Versions (close to tale type) and wagon, and buys the ABC book, doctor clothes, and makes a “Doctor Know-All” sign. Soon he is asked to find a wealthy nobleman’s money that  Thomas Frederick Crane, Italian Popular Tales (London: Macmillan and Company, 1885), no. 109, pp. 314-16. was stolen. Crab and his wife dine with the nobleman and when the servant  Cecil Henry Bompas, Folklore of the Santal Parganas (London: David brings out the first course, Crab states, “There is the first one.” The servants, Nutt, 1909), no. 68, pp. 206-208. who are the thieves that stole the money, believe they have been  Jacobs, Indian Fairy Tales (London: David Nutt, 1892), no. 11, pp. 85- discovered. When another servant brings the second course, Crab states, 89. “There is the second one.” The next course, Crab correctly guesses the food  J. Christian Bay, Danish Folk Tales (New York and London: Harper when in his despair of being discovered as a fraud he states, “Oh Crab.” The and Brothers Publishers, 1899), pp. 111-18. servants believe Crab knows everything and they repent to him in private as  Peter Christen Asbjørnsen, Round the Yule Log: Norwegian Folk and well as tell him the location of the money. Crab shows the nobleman where Fairy Tales, translated by H. L. Brækstad (London: Sampson Low, Marston, Searle, and Rivington, 1881), pp. 308-316. the money is, but does not disclose the identity of the thieves. Crab becomes well respected and wealthy. Bibliography of Variants (somewhat different from tale type) Bare Bones Structures  W. Jenkyn Thomas, The Welsh Fairy Book (London: T. Fisher Unwin, Human essence of this story The poor man gets wealth. Man’s fate is [1908], pp. 296-98. changed through pure luck. Thieves are fooled into giving themselves up.

Plot

 A poor man wants to change his fate, becomes a wise man  Wealthy person asks poor man to find thieves that took money  Poor eats at the wealthy man’s  Poor man says there is first one, referring to the first course; servants believe he knows they are the thieves  Second course, poor man says there is second one; third course poor man guesses food by saying his own name  Thieves confess privately to poor man where money is

 Poor man tells wealthy person and becomes rich; thieves spared

EDRD 319 Spring 2011 114 Title The Runaway Pancake Source

Motif Index B211.1 Speaking beasts – domestic, B211.2.5 Speaking fox, Karl Gander, "Der fortgelaufene Eierkuchen," Niederlausitzer Volkssagen, B211.2.6 Speaking Hare, J1117 Animal as trickster, K231.15 Trickster cheats vornehmlich aus dem Stadt- und Landkreise Guben (Berlin: Deutsche by pretending deafness, K800 Killing or maiming by deception Schriftsteller-Genossenschaft, 1894), no. 319, pp. 122-123.

Tale Summary Two old women are cooking a pancake. Begin to argue; both Bibliography of Versions (close to tale type) want to eat the whole thing. Pancake grows feet, jumps out of the frying pan, and runs away. The pancake meets a fox and the fox asks where the  Peter Christen Asbjørnsen, Pannekaken, translated by H. L. Brækstad in Round the Yule Log: Norwegian Folk and Fairy Tales pancake is going. Pancake says that it is running away from the two old (London: Sampson Sow, Marston, Searle, and Rivington, 1881), pp. ladies and now it will run away from the fox. Next it meets a hare, who asks 62-67. where the pancake is going. The pancake replies that it ran away from the  Carl and Theodor Colshorn, "Vom dicken fetten Pfannekuchen," two old ladies, the fox, and now it will run away from the hare. Next the Märchen und Sagen (Hannover: Verlag von Carl Rümpler, 1854), no. pancake meets a ship full of people. The pattern repeats. Then pancake 57, pp. 168-169. meets a large pig. The pattern repeats. Pig tells the pancake to speak in his  Robert Chambers, Popular Rhymes of Scotland, new edition ear because he can’t hear well. When pancake gets close, the pig eats him (London and Edinburgh: W. and R. Chambers, 1870), pp. 85-86.  Robert Chambers, Popular Rhymes of Scotland, new edition up. The story ends. (London and Edinburgh: W. and R. Chambers, 1870), pp. 86-87. Bare Bones Structures  St. Nicholas Magazine, vol. 2, no. 7 (May 1875), pp. 448-49.  Joseph Jacobs, English Fairy Tales (London: David Nutt, 1890), no. Human essence of this story Characters outsmart each other. Smartest, not 28, pp. 155-58. the fastest or strongest, gets the reward. Don’t stop and talk to strangers.  George Lyman Kittredge, "English Folk-Tales in America," The Journal of American Folk-Lore, vol. 3, no. 11 (October - December Plot 1890), pp. 291-92.  Patrick Kennedy, The Fireside Stories of Ireland (Dublin: M'Glashan  Food runs away from two people fighting over it and Gill, 1870), pp. 19-20.  Meets an animal and the animal asks where the food is going Bibliography of Variants (somewhat different from tale type)  Food states that it ran away from the two people and now it will run away from the animal  Sidney Oldall Addy, Household Tales with Other Traditional  Food meets another animal and then a group of people; Running Remains: Collected in the Counties of York, Lincoln, Derby, and away from two people, first animal, and now it will run from the Nottingham (London: David Nutt, 1895), no. 7, p. 9. second animal (group of people)  John Francis Campbell, Popular Tales of the West Highlands: Orally  Food meets cunning animal who asks where the food going. Food Collected, vol. 3 (Edinburgh: Edmonston and Douglas, 1862), pp. lists who it has run away from so far. 100-101.  Cunning animal says can’t hear well; food will have to say it in  Leonard A. Magnus, Russian Folk-Tales (New York: E. P. Dutton and animal’s ear Company, 1916), p. 317.  BAM! Cunning animal gobbles up food. Story ends EDRD 319 Spring 2011 115 Title The Three Billy Goats Gruff  There is a troll that lives under the bridge and eats anyone who comes his way across the bridge. Motif Index J1250. Clever verbal retorts—general, J2080. Foolish bargains,  The smallest Gruff brother must cross the bridge first. Q111.8. Large quantity of land as reward. India: *Thompson-Balys. K553.  The troll jumps out and threatens to eat the smallest Gruff brother but is ”Wait till I get fat.“ Captured person (animal) persuades his captor to wait talking out of this because the medium Gruff brother would cross the and fatten him before eating him. K553.2. K553.2. Wait for the fat goat. bridge soon, while being a fuller meal. Troll lets the first two goats pass on the bridge so that he may eat the  The medium Gruff brother crosses the bridge next, when the troll jumps out again and threatens to eat him. The medium Gruff brother talked the biggest one. He is thrown in the water. Type 123*. troll into not eating him because his largest brother was going to cross Tale Summary the bridge next, while being a fuller meal.  The largest Gruff brother crosses the bridge when the troll jumps out and Three Billy Goats Gruff brothers need to cross troll guarded the bridge. threatens to eat him. The largest Gruff brother had huge horns that Littlest Billy Goat Gruff and Middle sized Billy Goat Gruff tick troll and cross through the troll off the bridge and into the brook.  All three Gruff brothers made it safely across the bridge and had plenty of bridge safely. Largest Billy Goat Gruff uses horns to push troll off bridge grass to eat. sinking to bottom of river. Three Billy Goats Gruff brothers graze on the  The troll was never to be seen again. other side of bridge. Cross whenever they want now with troll in bottom of river. Bibliography of Versions (close to tale type)

Bare Bones Structures  Peter Christen Asbjørnsen and Jørgen Moe. The Three Billy Goats Gruff.  James Scott Balentine. Billy, Goat, & Gruff: The Musical. 2008. . Predator/Prey  George Webbe Dasent's.Norske Folkeeventyr. Popular Tales from the . Prey must migrate across bridge to find food for survival. Norse. 1859. . Predator prevents prey from crossing bridge without threatening to eat them. Bibliography of Variants (somewhat different from tale type) . The first two prey make it safely across the bridge pass the predator. . Third prey starts to cross bridge when predator threatens to eat him.  Karl Haupt. The Three Goats. . Third prey used his natural features to kill the predator and safely cross  Adalbert Kuhn. How the Goats Came to Hessen. the bridge.

Human essence of this story Academic Sources Out smarting others, bullying others, using violence to get what we want. McDonald, M.R. The Storyteller's Sourcebook. Detroit: Gale Research Plot Company, 1982.  Three billy goat brothers, small, medium, and large eat all the grass on one side of the brook. Thompson, S. Motif Index of Folk Literature. Bloomington: Indiana University  In order to eat, the three Gruff brothers must cross the bridge to get to Press, 1966. the other side of the brook. EDRD 319 Spring 2011 116 Peter Christen Asbjørnsen and Jørgen Moe, De tre bukkene Bruse som skulle gå til seters og gjøre seg fete, Norske Folkeeventyr, translated by George Webbe Dasent in Popular Tales from the Norse, 2nd edition (London: George Routledge and Sons, n.d.), no. 37, pp. 275-276. Translation revised by D. L. Ashliman.

Karl Haupt, "Die drei Ziegen," Sagenbuch der Lausitz, v. 2 (Leipzig: Verlag von Wilhelm Engelmann, 1863), no. 320, p. 222.

Adalbert Kuhn, "Wie die Ziegen nach Hessen gekommen sind," Sagen Gebräuche und Märchen aus Westfalen und einigen andern, besonders den angrenzenden Gegenden Norddeutschlands (Leipzig: F. A. Brockhaus, 1859), v. 2, pp. 250-251. Translated by D. L. Ashliman.

EDRD 319 Spring 2011 117 Title Rapunzel voice. Rapunzel and the Prince go back to his kingdom and live happily ever after. Motif Index N399. N399. Additional unlucky accidents, N455. N455. Overheard (human) conversation. *Dickson 29 n. 1; Missouri French: Jewish: Bare Bones Structures Neuman; Japanese: Ikeda, D1004. D1004. Magic tears. Hartland Science 238.--Irish: Plummer cl, *Cross; Norse: De la Saussaye 277; Jewish:  Love/Fate  Husband steals from old woman next door. *Neuman; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 329 n. 190b, D991. D991. Magic  Old woman catches husband makes a deal, his first born for the stolen hair. *Fb “guld” I 512a, I 771ab, “styrke” III 630a; *Hdwb. d. Abergl. III 1274; product. I 126, 573; *Penzer VIII 59 n. 3; MacCulloch Childhood 211; Chauvin V 230  Baby is taken at birth and sent to an isolate place with no way to escape No. 130;196; *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 150.--Irish myth: Cross; French Canadian: when her true love comes and plans to save her and marry. Barbeau JAFL XXIX 12; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 67 No. 508A*; Greek: Frazer  Old woman finds out about plan sends girl away to forest and threatens to Apollodorus II 117 n. 3, Fox 69, 77; Jewish: *Neuman; India: Thompson- kill true love. Balys.--N. A. Indian (Mohegan): Speck JAFL XVI 106; (Micmac): Rand 356,  He jumps from the isolated place becoming physically injured causing him 369 Nos 67, 71, Leland 83, (Skidi Pawnee): Dorsey MAFLS VII 102, 113 Nos. to walk aimlessly through forest.  The boy and girl meet once again by fate and live happily ever after. 28, 31, (Wichita): Dorsey CI XXI No. 19, (Modoc): Curtin Myths of the

Modocs (Boston 1912) 32, 46, (Ojibwa): Radin GSCan II 51; Eskimo Human essence of this story (Greenland): Rasmussen I 97; Africa (Kaffir): Theal 131. Isolation from the world, deception of identity, true love, banishment, Tale Summary jealousy of beauty, and using violence as last resort.

Young woman is having cravings for the herb Rapunzel, which lays in the Plot sorcerer’s garden, while the young women are on her deathbed. Husband  Once upon a time there was a woman and her husband that were steals the herb a few times for his wife. He gets caught by sorcerer and must expecting a baby girl. Their neighbor was a fairy and a mystical agree to a bargain of giving the sorcerer his wife’s unborn baby in return for sorcerer with a beautiful garden out in the country. The main the herb. The baby is born and sorcerer takes her away. At age 12, characters are mystical sorcerer, fairy, Rapunzel, pregnant mother Rapunzel, is put into a confined tower with no door or ladder by a fairy. She and husband, prince, twins, and old Frau Gothel. grows up in tower isolated from the world. Sorcerer visits daily. Prince  One day the mother sent her husband to retrieve some herbs from comes along, hears Rapunzel singing, falls in love. The prince and Rapunzel the old sorcerers garden. He must make a deal with the sorcerer, the herbs for his wife in trade of his first born. make a plan to get married but it requires time and planning on how to get  Sorcerer puts Rapunzel, the first-born, in to isolated tower due to Rapunzel out of the tower. Rapunzel mentions the prince by accident, jealousy of beauty. sorcerer gets angry and cuts all of Rapunzel’s hair off and sends her to live in  By fate prince hears Rapunzel singing, falls in love. They make plan the forest. Prince returns but is tricked and finds nothing but the sorcerer in to escape and marry. tower. She threatens to kill him but prince jumps from tower window, falls  Sorcerer finds out about their plan, sends Rapunzel to live in the on thorns and is blinded. He wanders through forest blind, hears familiar forest and planned to kill her lover.

EDRD 319 Spring 2011 118  Sorcerer tricks prince into the tower then says she will kill him but by fate he jumps from the tower window blinding him, which causes him to wonder through the forest.  While wondering everything comes together and Rapunzel and her true love prince live happily ever after. Bibliography of Versions (close to tale type)

 Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm, Rapunzel, Kinder- und Hausmärchen

(Children's and Household Tales -- Grimms' Fairy Tales), 7th ed. (Berlin, 1857), no. 12.

 Robin McKinley’s “Touk’s House” (The Mammoth Book of Fairy Tales, Carroll & Graf, 1997)  Read more at Suite101: Rapunzel Stories in Modern Literature: Contemporary Versions of the Children’s Classic Fairy Tale http://www.suite101.com/content/rapunzel-stories-in-modern- literature-a158616#ixzz1EMrAp1fp Bibliography of Variants (somewhat different from tale type)

 "Petrosinella" by Giambattista Basile in his The Pentamerone, day 2, tale 1. The Pentamerone was first published in five installments between 1634 and 1636  "Persinette" by Mademoiselle de la Force (ca. 1646-1724).  "Die Padde" published by Johann Gustav Büsching in his Volks-Sagen, Märchen und Legenden (Leipzig, 1812).  Pentamerone (1634) by Giambattista Basile.

Academic Sources

McDonald, M.R. The Storyteller's Sourcebook. Detroit: Gale Research Company, 1982.

Thompson, S. Motif Index of Folk Literature. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1966.

Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm, Rapunzel, Kinder- und Hausmärchen (Children's and Household Tales -- Grimms' Fairy Tales), 7th ed. (Berlin, 1857), no. 12.

EDRD 319 Spring 2011 119 Title Rumpelstiltskin  Woman wins last bargain gaining benefits while stranger gets upset and is never to be seen again. Motif Index N821. N821. Help from little man. *Types 513B, 570; *BP III Human essence of this story 267ff, D475.1.20. D475.1.20. Transformation: straw to gold. German: Grimm No. 55, N2.6.2. N2.6.2. Daughter as wager. India: *Thompson-Balys. Pain through losing relationships, Wanting more and more than previously owned (greed), making deals and trades, Bragging about personal traits or Tale Summary skills.

A miller man meets king and brags about his daughters being able to spin Plot straw into gold. King seizes miller’s daughter, puts her in room with straw and demands by morning all the straw is turned into gold. The miller’s  Once upon a time there was an old miller who had a beautiful daughter had never been able to spin straw into gold, not knowing what to daughter and bragged about her spinning straw into gold to the king. Later a strange, little man intervenes. do. Little man appears, makes bargain, necklace for all the straw turned into  She is unable to spin straw into gold by morning to save her life. gold. King rejoiced but girl into new bigger room requested the same thing,  King continues to pressure woman to spin more and more straw all the straw is made into gold. Girl still was unable to do this, little main into gold. She is unable to and her life is threatened. appears again, makes bargain, ring for room full of straw spun into gold.  In the meantime, little man appears, make bargains with woman in King rejoiced and request the girl do it one last time in a bigger room with order to complete task. lots of straw. Girl was unable to make the straw into gold, little man  Woman accepts bargains and looses material things but gains her appeared, made bargain, straw spun into gold for her first born child. King life. rejoiced and married girl. A year later girl had first born, little man returned  King gains her as wife and she becomes pregnant.  Little man reappears to take child and they make one last bargain. to take the baby. Girl and little man made bargain, she could keep the baby  He looses allowing the woman to keep her child by out smarting if she could guess his name in three days. She failed the first two days; a him, while causing him great anger and disappearing forever. servant overheard little man singing a song with his name in it. Third day, Bibliography of Versions (close to tale type) girl finally guesses little mans name, Rumpelstiltskin. Girl kept the baby and little man was so angry, ran away and never came back.  Ignaz and Joseph Zingerle, Purzinigele, Kinder- und Hausmärchen (Innsbruck: Verlag der Wagner'schen Buchhandlung, 1852), no. 36, Bare Bones Structures pp. 225-232.  Theodor Vernaleken, Kruzimugeli, Kinder- und Hausmärchen, dem  Woman assigned impossible task or her life will be taken. Volke treu nacherzählt (Vienna and Leipzig: Wilhelm Braumüller,  Help is provided from stranger to complete task, her life is spared. 1896), no. 3, pp. 9-11. This continues for a few nights. Bibliography of Variants (somewhat different from tale type)  Bargains and deals are made between woman and stranger.  Woman marries into wealth but must give up her first born due to  Heinrich Pröhle, Kinder- und Volksmärchen (Leipzig: Avenarius und bargain made a year ago to spare her life. Mendelssohn, 1853), no. 23, p. 76.  Another bargain is made between woman and stranger, allowing her benefits if she wins or if she looses he gets the benefits.

EDRD 319 Spring 2011 120  J. D. H. Temme, Die Erdgeister in Greifswald, Die Volkssagen von Pommern und Rügen (Berlin: In der Nikolaischen Buchhandlung, 1840), no. 216, pp. 255-256.  Carl and Theodor Colshorn, Zwerg Holzrührlein Bonneführlein, Märchen und Sagen aus Hannover (Hannover: Verlag von Carl Rümpler, 1854), no. 29, pp. 88-89.  Haas, "Nägendümer," Rügensche Sagen und Märchen (Stettin: Johs. Burmeister's Buchhandlung, 1903), no. 223, pp. 221-222.  Ignaz and Joseph Zingerle, Kugerl, Kinder- und Hausmärchen aus Süddeutschland (Regensburg: Verlag von Friedrich Pustet, 1854), pp. 278- 280.  Adalbert Kuhn, Sagen, Gebräuche und Märchen aus Westfalen, vol. 1 (Leipzig: F. A. Brockhaus, 1859), no. 154, p. 151.  Adalbert Kuhn, Sagen, Gebräuche und Märchen aus Westfalen, vol. 1 (Leipzig: F. A. Brockhaus, 1859), no. 337, pp. 298-299.  Christian Schneller, "Tarandandò," Märchen und Sagen aus Wälschtirol (Innsbruck: Verlag der Wagner'schen Universitäts-Buchhandlung, 1867), no. 55, pp. 158-162.

Academic Sources

McDonald, M.R. The Storyteller's Sourcebook. Detroit: Gale Research Company, 1982.

Thompson, S. Motif Index of Folk Literature. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1966.

Ignaz and Joseph Zingerle, Purzinigele, Kinder- und Hausmärchen (Innsbruck: Verlag der Wagner'schen Buchhandlung, 1852), no. 36, pp. 225- 232.

EDRD 319 Spring 2011 121 The Town Mouse and the Country Mouse Bibliography of Versions (close to tale type) Motif Index Numbers and Descriptions  Joseph Jacobs, The Fables of Aesop (New York: Schocken Books, B211.2.8 1966), no. 7, pp. 15-17. 1894  Jean de La Fontaine (1621-1695), Fables, book 1, fable 9. Translated Tale Summary by Walter Thornbury  M. Gaster, Rumanian Bird and Beast Stories (London: Folk-Lore Two friends, the town mouse and the country mouse vist each other. The Society, 1915), no. 105, pp. 311-312. town mouse looks at the kind of food and house that the country mouse has  Peter Christen Asbjørnsen and Jørgen Moe, Fairy Tales from the Far and turns up his nose. The country mouse loves the things the town mouse North, translated by H. L. Brækstad (New York: A. L. Burt Company, n.d.), pp. 111-116. has to offer and then gets in trouble with the cat. She says “better beans Bibliography of Variants (somewhat different from tale type) and bacon in peace than cakes and ale in fear” and goes home  Joseph Jacobs, English Fairy Tales (New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons; Bare Bones Structures London: David Nutt, 1898), pp. 48-50  Human essence of this story V. S. Vernon Jones, transl., Æsop's Fables (London: W. Heinemann, 1912), pp. 2-3. Personal preference, Disagreement  W. F. O'Connor, Folk Tales from Tibet (London: Hurst and Blackett, Ltd., 1906), no. 5, pp. 26-29. Plot  M. Gaster, Rumanian Bird and Beast Stories (London: Folk-Lore Society, 1915), no. 66, pp. 208-209.  Town animal and Country mouse  Andrew Lang, The Violet Fairy Book (London: Longmans, Green and  Visit each other Co., 1901), pp. 125-126.  Town one thinks the other poor  Pantschatantra: Fünf Bücher indischer Fabeln, Märchen und  Country one thinks the other rich Erzählungen, translated into German by Theodor Benfey (Leipzig:  Gets in trouble with predator Brockhaus, 1859), v. 2, book 4, story 11. Translated from the  Each prefers his own home German by D. L. Ashliman.

Academic Sources

McDonald, M.R. The Storyteller's Sourcebook. Detroit: Gale Research Company, 1982.

Thompson, S. Motif Index of Folk Literature. Bloomington: Indiana University

Press, 1966.

EDRD 319 Spring 2011 122 Title: Sleeping Beauty Bibliography of Versions (close to tale type)

Motif Index Numbers and Descriptions  The Book of the Thousand Nights and One Night, rendered into English from the literal and complete French translation of J. C. D1960.3. Mardrus by Powys Mathers (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1964), v. 4, pp. 390-394. Tale Summary  Andrew Lang, The Blue Fairy Book, 5th ed. (London: Longmans, Green, and Company, 1891), pp. 54-63. A king and queen can’t have children then they have a daughter. A fairy puts  Kinder- und Hausmärchen, 1st ed., vol. 1 (Berlin: a spell on her so she would pierce her hand on a spinning wheel and die. Realschulbuchhandlung, 1812), no. 50, pp. 225-29. This happened and the princess was laid away until a prince comes and  Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm, Dornröschen, Kinder- und Hausmärchen, kisses her and she awakes. (Children's and Household Tales), no. 50 Bibliography of Variants (somewhat different from tale type) Bare Bones Structures  The Pentameron of Giambattista Basile, translated by Richard F. Burton Human essence of this story (Privately printed, 1893), day 5, tale 5. Translation revised by D. L. Ashliman. Heroism, Avoiding the inevitable  Lady [Jane Francesca Elgee] Wilde. Ancient Legends, Mystic Charms, and Superstitions of Ireland (Boston: Ticknor and Company, 1888), pp. 42-45. Plot  Kinder- und Hausmärchen, 1st ed. (Berlin: Realschulbuchhandlung, 1812), v. 1, no. 53, pp. 238-50.  Fairy puts a spell on a person to die  Brothers Grimm The Glass Coffin 2011  Person dies http://ebooks.adelaide.edu.au/g/grimm/g86h/chapter164.html  Is laid away for some period of time

 True love rescues her from sleep  Live in happiness

Academic Sources

McDonald, M.R. The Storyteller's Sourcebook. Detroit: Gale Research Company, 1982.

Thompson, S. Motif Index of Folk Literature. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1966.

EDRD 319 Spring 2011 123 Title: The Princess and the Pea Bibliography of Versions (close to tale type)

Motif Index Numbers and Descriptions  Hans Christian Andersen, Prinsessen på ærten (1835). Bibliography of Variants (somewhat different from tale type) H360. H322.1 H342.1  Die Empfindlichste" (La più delicata), Märchen und Sagen aus Tale Summary Wälschtirol (Innsbruck: Verlag der Wagner'schen Universitäts- Buchhandlung, 1867), no. 45, pp. 128-29 The prince try to find a real princess and can’t. A princess shows up at the  Arthur William Ryder, transl. Twenty-Two Goblins (London and Toronto: door and says she is a real princess. To test this the prince put s a pea under J. M. Dent and Sons; New York: E. P. Dutton and Co., 1917), pp. 87-90. twenty mattresses and has her sleep on it. In the morning, she says she didn’t sleep well bcause there was something in her bed. That proved that she was a real princes and the prince married her.

Bare Bones Structures

Human essence of this story

Love, Hope

Plot

 Prince looks for wife  None are the one for him  One come to him  Gives her a test  She passes  Takes her as his wife

Academic Sources

McDonald, M.R. The Storyteller's Sourcebook. Detroit: Gale Research Company, 1982.

Thompson, S. Motif Index of Folk Literature. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1966. EDRD 319 Spring 2011 124 Title Cinderella Thompson, S. Motif Index of Folk Literature. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1966. Motif Index D315.1. D315.1. Transformation: rat to perso, D315.2. D315.2. Transformation: mouse to person, D1050.1. D1050.1. Clothes produced by Bibliography of Versions (close to tale type) magic, L55.1. L55.1. Abused stepdaughter, J2131.3.1. J2131.3.1. Girl hacks off her heel to get shoe on  Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm, Kinder- und Hausmärchen, 1st ed. (Berlin: Realschulbuchhandlung, 1812), v. 1, no. 21. Translated by D. Tale Summary Her mother dies and remarries. Her stepmother also has two L. Ashliman. © 1998. daughters and they are all rude to her. There is a ball for the prince to pick  Andrew Lang, The Blue Fairy Book, 5th ed. (London: Longmans, Green, and Co., 1891), pp. 64-71. out a bride and Cinderella is not allowed to go, but a godmother helps her  Joseph Jacobs, Europa's Fairy Book (New York and London: G. P. and she arrives at the ball in style. This happens three times then finally on Putnam's Sons, 1916), pp. 1-12. the last night Cinderella loses her shoe. He uses the shoe to find Cinderella Bibliography of Variants (somewhat different from tale type) to make her his bride. Before he can find her though both the sisters try on the shoe and cut off parts of their foot. He finally finds her and they marry Peter Christen Asbjørnsen and Jørgen Moe, Popular Tales from the Norse, for a happy ever after. 2nd ed., translated by George Webbe Dasent (Edinburgh: Edmonston and Douglas, 1859), pp. 411-28. Translation slightly revised by D. L. Ashliman. Bare Bones Structures Sidney Oldall Addy, Household Tales with Other Traditional Remains: Human essence of this story: Adults remarry creating stepfamilies. Collected in the Counties of York, Lincoln, Derby, and Nottingham (London: Conflicts arise between family members and new stepfamily members. David Nutt, 1895), no. 29, pp. 29-30.

Plot M. Damant, "Folktales," Folk-Lore: A Quarterly Review of Myth, Tradition, Institution, and Custom, vol. 6 (London: Published for the Folk-Lore Society  Parent remarries creating stepfamily by David Nutt, 1895), pp. 305-306.  Stepfamily is cruel  Godmother comes to rescue Jeremiah Curtin, Myths and Folk-Lore of Ireland (Boston: Little, Brown, and  Stepchild attends special event Company, 1890), pp. 78-92.  Gains a happy life George Douglas, Scottish Fairy and Folk Tales (New York: A. L. Burt Academic Sources Company, n.d. [ca. 1901]), pp

McDonald, M.R. The Storyteller's Sourcebook. Detroit: Gale Research Company, 1982.

EDRD 319 Spring 2011 125 Title Rumplestiltskin Bibliography of Versions (close to tale type)

Motif Index D475.1.20. D475.1.20. Transformation: straw to gold. W151.  Tatar, Maria. The Annotated Classic Fairytales . 1 . W151. Greed, M234.3. M234.3. Life bought for gold New York: Norton, 2002. Print.  Grimm, Jacob. Rumplestiltskin.English . 1 . Ne w Tale Summary There was an old miller who bragged to the king that his York, Harcourt: Brace and World, 1967. 32. Print. daughter is the fairest and could spin straw into gold. The king took her and placed her in a room forcing her to change straw into gold if she valued her Bibliography of Variants (somewhat different from tale type) life. Then a little man came and helped her. He had to help her three nights  Kraus, Robert, and Mischa Richter. Rumple Nose - and on the third night she had to promise him her first-born child once she Dimple and the three horrible snaps . 1. New York: became queen. After a year she had a child and the little man came to take Windmill Books, 1969. 32. Print. the baby away. She cried so hard that he allowed her three days to figure  Robbins, Norman. Rumplestiltskin:a pantomime . Ne w out his name and if she did she could keep the child. On the last night a York: 1979. 50. Print . maid found out the name to be Rumplestiltskin and she could keep the child while he flew off on a spoon.

Bare Bones Structures

Human essence of this story: The greed of wanting more riches such as gold. Parents bragging about how great their children are.

Plot

 guardian brags about child  child taken to prove greatness  can not do it so receives help  promises to give up child  keeps child by outsmarting helper

Academic Sources

McDonald, M.R. The Storyteller's Sourcebook. Detroit: Gale Research Company, 1982.Thompson, S. Motif Index of Folk Literature. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1966.

EDRD 319 Spring 2011 126 Title Gingerbread man Bibliography of Versions (close to tale type)

Motif Index D436. D436. Transformation: manufactured object to person,  "The Gingerbread Man." Family Books and CD . K827. K827. Dupe persuaded to relax vigilance; seized. Family Books and CD, 2008. Web. 19 Feb 2011. . the women backed a gingerbread man. When she opened the oven he ran away. While he was running away he passed several animals and taunted  Grimm, Jacob. The Gingerbread Man: A Classic them that they couldn’t catch him. The last animal he came across was a fox F a ir yt a le . Abbeville kids, 2001. 32. Print. that tricked him and was able to eat the gingerbread man. Bibliography of Variants (somewhat different from tale type)

Bare Bones Structures  Shelby, Anne. "Runaway Cornbread." In The Adventures of Molly Whuppie and Other Appalachian Folktales. Illus. Paula McArdle. Chapel

Hill: Univ. of NC Press, 2007. pp. 30 Human essence of this story: Adults wanting to have children. When someone taunts or teases others to make them angry or upset.  Hauge, Carl, and Mary Ha u ge . The Gingerbread Man . Racine, Wis: Golden Press, 1973. 20. Print.

Plot

 Couple wants child  Create a child  Child runs away  While running passes three different animals  Final animal outsmarts and wins

Academic Sources

McDonald, M.R. The Storyteller's Sourcebook. Detroit: Gale Research Company, 1982.

Thompson, S. Motif Index of Folk Literature. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1966.

EDRD 319 Spring 2011 127 Title The Beauty and the Beast Bibliography of Versions (close to tale type)

Motif Index B5. B5. Fantastic beasts, birds, etc., in art. Irish myth: Cross.  Apy, Deborah. Beauty and the Beast. Holt, 1983. L100. Unpromising hero (heroine) W31. W31. Obedience. U110.  Aulnoy, Madame d’. Beauty and the Beast. Creative Education, Appearances deceive 1984.  Osborne, Mary Pope. Beauty and the Beast. Scholastic, 1987. Tale Summary A merchant goes into town and stays at the Beast’s castle  Pearce, Philippa. Beauty and the Beast. Crowell, 1972. after a storm hits. He picks a rose for his daughter, Beauty, and the Beast  Singer, A.L. Disney’s Beauty and the Beast. Disney, 1991. angrily tells him he must bring his daughter to live in the castle otherwise the merchant will die. Beauty befriends the Beast and he lets her leave the Bibliography of Variants (somewhat different from tale type) castle to say goodbye to her dying father. Beauty returns to find the Beast almost dead so she says she’ll marry him and he transforms into a  Aksakov, S.T. The Scarlet Flower: A Russian folk tale. Harcourt, 1989. handsome man.  Hooks, William H. Snowbear Whittington, An Appalachian Beauty and the Beast. Maxwell Macmillan, 1994. Bare Bones Structures  Long, Laurel; Ogburn, Jacqueline K. The Lady & the Lion. Dial, 2003.  Martin, Eva. Canadian Fairy Tales (Tales of the far North). Human essence of this story: Beauty is skin deep. Groundwood, 1984.  Willard, Nancy. Beauty and the Beast. Harcourt, 1992. Plot  Yep, Laurance. Dragon Prince: A Chinese Beauty and the Beast tale. Harper Collins, 1998.  Merchant goes into town and gets stuck in storm

 Must stay at Beast’s castle  Beast offers deal  Daughter goes off to live with Beast  Unlikely friendship formed  Daughter goes home to say goodbye to dying father  Returns to Beast and agrees to marry  Beast turned into handsome prince

Academic Sources

McDonald, M.R. The Storyteller's Sourcebook. Detroit: Gale Research Company, 1982.

Thompson, S. Motif Index of Folk Literature. Bloomington: Indiana University

Press, 1966.

EDRD 319 Spring 2011 128 Title The Gingerbread Man Bibliography of Versions (close to tale type)

Motif Index R213. R213. Escape from home.  Aylesworth, Jim. The gingerbread man. Scholastic, 1998.  Galdone, Paul. The gingerbread boy. Seabury, 1975.  Esterl, Amica. The fine round cake. Four Winds, 1991.  Jacobs, Joseph. Johnny-cake. Putnam, 1933. Tale Summary A childless old woman bakes a gingerbread boy who leaps  Kimmel, Eric A. The gingerbread man. Holiday House, 1993. from her oven and runs away. The woman and her husband give chase but fail to catch him. The gingerbread boy then outruns several farm workers Bibliography of Variants (somewhat different from tale type) and farm animals. The tale ends with a fox catching and eating the gingerbread boy who cries as he's devoured.  Amoss, Berthe. The Cajun gingerbread boy. Hyperion, 1994.  Brett, Jan. Gingerbread baby. Putnam’s sons, 1999 Bare Bones Structures  Compestine, Ying Chang. The runaway rice cake. Simon & Schuster, 2001. Human essence of this story: Everybody feels like running away from home  Egielski, Richard. The gingerbread boy. HarperCollins, 1997. at some point.  Edwards, Pat. The runaway damper. Longman Cheshire, 1987.  Kimmel, Eric A. The runaway tortilla. Winslow, 2000. Plot  Pomerantz, Charlotte. Whiff, sniff, nibble, and chew: the Gingerbread boy retold. Greenwillow, 1984.  Anthropomorphic cookie avoids inevitable  Sawyer, Ruth. Journey cake, ho! Viking, 1953.  Cookie passes characters likely to catch him  Shulman, Lisa. The matzo ball boy. Dutton, 2005.  Predator chases cookie

 Predator eats cookie

Academic Sources

McDonald, M.R. The Storyteller's Sourcebook. Detroit: Gale Research Company, 1982.

Thompson, S. Motif Index of Folk Literature. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1966.

EDRD 319 Spring 2011 129 Title Cinderella Bibliography of Versions (close to tale type)

Motif Index L310. L310. Weak overcomes strong in conflict. Q65.1. Q65.1.  Elwell, Peter. Cinderella. Contemporary, 1988. Supplying food to ungrateful stepmother rewarded. (Cf. Q151.2.) Africa  French, Fiona. Cinderella. Oxford, 1987. (Gold Coast): Barker and Sinclair 129 No. 23.  Galdone, Paul. Cinderella. McGraw-Hill, 1978.  Hogrogian, Nonny. Cinderella. Greenwillow, 1981. Tale Summary A young girl is forced to slave for her step mother and step  Karlin, Barbara. Cinderella. Little, Brown, 1989. sisters day and night. A prince invites all the women to a ball and  Knight, Hilary. Hilary Knight’s Cinderella. Random House, 1981. Cinderella’s fairy godmother supplies her with a gown complete with glass  McClintock, Barbara. Cinderella. Scholastic, 2005. slippers. She must return by midnight or she’ll return to her original state.  Perrault, Charles. Cinderella; or, The little glass slipper. H.Z. Walck, 1971. She forgets one glass slipper at the ball and the prince searches for the right foot to fit in it. Bibliography of Variants (somewhat different from tale type) Bare Bones Structures  Boada, Fracesca. Cinderella= Cencienta. Chronicle, 2001. Human essence of this story: We want to believe that we will be rewarded  Climo, Shirley. The Egyptian Cinderella. Crowell, 1989. for our deeds. Forgiveness is part of our daily lives.  Climo, Shirley. The Korean Cinderella. HarperCollins, 1993.  Climo, Shirely. The Persian Cinderella. HarperCollins, 1999. Plot  Coburn, Jewell Reinhart. Domitilla: a Cinderella tale from the  Antagonists make protagonist wait on them Mexican tradition. Shen’s, 2000.  Antagonists experience good fortune  Collins, Sheila Hebert. Cendrillon: a Cajun Cinderella. Pelican, 1998.  Protagonist gets a chance  Daly, Jude. Fair, Brown & Trembling: an Irish Cinderella. Farrar, 2000.  Roles reverse and the prince falls in love with the protagonist  Delamare, David. Cinderella. Simon & Schuster, 1993.  Previous circumstances cause protagonist to leave   Prince searches for protagonist until he finds her Goode, Diane. Cinderella, the dog and her little glass slipper. Blue Sky, 2000.

 Han, Oki S. Kongi and Potgi: a Cinderella story from Korea. Dial, Academic Sources 1996.

McDonald, M.R. The Storyteller's Sourcebook. Detroit: Gale Research Company, 1982.

Thompson, S. Motif Index of Folk Literature. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1966.

EDRD 319 Spring 2011 130 Title: Hansel and Gretel Academic Sources

Motif Index Numbers and Descriptions McDonald, M.R. The Storyteller's Sourcebook. Detroit: Gale Research 327-Folktales about abandoned children Company, 1982. K700-Capture by deception K710 – Victim enticed into voluntary captivity http://www.pitt.edu/~dash/grimm015a.html L300 – Triumph of the weak Thompson, S. Motif Index of Folk Literature. Bloomington: Indiana University P250.1. P250.1. - Elder children to protect younger Press, 1966. P253. P253. - Sister and brother Tale Summary: Brother and sister named Hansel and Gretel, parents leave Bibliography of Versions (close to tale type) them in the woods because they do not have enough food to feed them,  Hansel and Gretel by Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm 1812 version and Hansel uses stones he left on the trail to find his way home, parents leave 1857 version accessed from them in the woods again, bread crumbs left by Hansel get eaten by birds http://www.pitt.edu/~dash/grimm015a.html and they get lost, they find a house made of bread and cakes, a witch leaves  Little Thumb by Charles Perrault accessed from in the house and she traps the children, she tries to fatten Hansel up so she http://www.pitt.edu/~dash/perrault08.html can eat him, Gretel pushes the witch into the oven, the children escape  Nininillo and Nenella by Giambattista Basile accessed from safely http://www.pitt.edu/~dash/type0327.html#basile  Juan and Maria accessed from Bare Bones Structures http://www.pitt.edu/~dash/type0327.html#fansler Bibliography of Variants (somewhat different from tale type) Human essence of this story: Importance of family bonds, young children being abandoned by their parents  Molly Whuppie accessed from http://www.pitt.edu/~dash/type0327.html#mollywhuppie Plot  The Little Boy and the Wicked Stepmother accessed from http://www.pitt.edu/~dash/type0327.html#gaster  Innocence of children  Children abandoned by parents  Children make it home only to be abandoned again  Children lost in woods  Evil witch lures children into false sense of security  Witch traps children and plans to eat them  Children kill with and return home safely

EDRD 319 Spring 2011 131 Title: Snow White  Queen envious of young princess  Queen tries to have princess killed due to jealousy Motif Index Numbers and Descriptions  Princesses sweet nature allows her to be saved from Queen several times  D800 – Magic Object  Eventually Queen kills Princess  D1600- Magic speaking objects  Prince comes to save Princess  D1710 – Possession of magic powers  Prince and Princess marry  D 1960 – Magic sleep  Queen faces bad consequences for her actions  D981.1. D981.1. - Magic apple. Academic Sources  D1163. D1163. - Magic mirror.  E21.3. E21.3. - Resuscitation by removal of poisoned comb McDonald, M.R. The Storyteller's Sourcebook. Detroit: Gale Research  P232 – Mother and Daughter Company, 1982.  T11.6. T11.6. - Wish for wife red as blood, white as snow, black as raven. Thompson, S. Motif Index of Folk Literature. Bloomington: Indiana University  T16.2. T16.2. - Man falls in love on seeing dead body of beautiful girl Press, 1966. http://www.pitt.edu/~dash/type0709.html#snowwhite Tale Summary: A beautiful Queen has a child, every day the Queen asks her Bibliography of Versions (close to tale type) magic mirror who is fairest and the mirror always replies that the Queen is the fairest in the land until one day when the mirror says the Queen’s  Little Snow White – Grimm version. Accessed from http://www.pitt.edu/~dash/type0709.html#snowwhite daughter Snow White is the fairest, the Queen sends an huntsman into the  Snow Drop – Edgar Taylor version. Accessed from forest to kill Snow White but he takes pity on the girl, Snow White ends up http://books.google.com/books?id=LVgqAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA147#v=onep at the home of the Seven Dwarfs, the Queen learns that Snow White is still age&q&f=false alive and tries to kill her with a bodice, a poisoned comb, and a poisoned  Snowwhite – Joseph Jacobs version. Accessed from apple, Snow White is revived by the Dwarfs each time unti she eats the http://books.google.com/books?id=HXQFAAAAMAAJ&printsec=titlepag apple, a prince comes to the house of the Dwarfs and sees Snow White e#v=onepage&q&f=false through her glass coffin and falls in love, eventually a servant of the Prince hits Snow White on the back and she spits out the piece of apple, Snow Bibliography of Variants (somewhat different from tale type) White comes back to life, the Queen comes to Snow Whites wedding and is forced to dance in iron shoes until she dies Accessed from: http://www.pitt.edu/~dash/type0709.html

Bare Bones Structures  Gold – Tree and Silver-Tree  The Young Slave Human essence of this story: Mother wishes her daughter dead by any  Maria, the Wicked Stepmother, and the Seven Robbers means due to jealousy  The Crystal Casket  Death of the Seven Dwarfs Plot EDRD 319 Spring 2011 132 Title: Beauty and the Beast Plot

Motif Index D110. - Transformation: man to wild beast (mammal)  Wealthy merchant and family suffer from a reversal of fortune  Merchant is forced to sacrifice his favorite daughter to a Beast D310. - Transformation: wild beast (mammal) to person  The Beast falls in love with Beauty D800 – Magic Object  Beauty refuses to marry the Beast D1710 – Possession of magic powers  While being away from the Beast and being faced with his death D1163. D1163. - Magic mirror Beauty relizes she loves him D1810.8.3.1.1. D1810.8.3.1.1. - Dream warns of illness or injury  Beauty’s love transforms the Beast back into a Prince P252.2. P252.2. - Three sisters  The fairies spell is broken  Beauty becomes Queen P234. P234. - Father and daughter

Tale Summary: A wealthy merchant has three daughters and three sons, the Academic Sources youngest daughter is named Beauty because she is so fair, the merchant looses all his wealth and they are forced to move to the country, the father McDonald, M.R. The Storyteller's Sourcebook. Detroit: Gale Research gets lost in the woods and takes refuge in a castle, as the father Is leaving he Company, 1982. goes to pick a rose for Beauty but is attacked by a beast, the Beast tells him Thompson, S. Motif Index of Folk Literature. Bloomington: Indiana University that he is ungrateful for the hospitality he received and must therefore Press, 1966. either remain at the castle with the Beast or send one of his daughters in his place, Beauty insists on going in her fathers place, Beauty has dinner every http://www.pitt.edu/~dash/beauty.html night with the Beast and every night he asks for her hand in marriage but she refuses, Beauty is able to see that her sisters have gotten married and Bibliography of Versions (close to tale type) her brothers have gone off to war leaving her father alone so she asks the  La Belle et la Bête by Jeanne Leprince de Beaumont. Accessed from Beast is she can spend just one week with her father, Beauty remains longer http://fr.wikisource.org/wiki/La_Belle_et_la_B%C3%AAte than a week and has a dream about the Beast dying of a broken heart, when  The Singing, Springing Lark by the Brothers Grimm. Accessed from she returns to the castle the Beast is dying of a broken heart, Beauty is so http://www.pitt.edu/~dash/grimm088.html moved by her feeling towards the Beast’s love for her that she agrees to Bibliography of Variants (somewhat different from tale type) marry him, the Beast is then transformed into a handsome Prince and Accessed from: http://www.pitt.edu/~dash/beauty.html explains that he was under a fairies spell, Beauty and the Beast marry and become King and Queen  East of the Sun and West of the Moon.  Cupid and Psyche Bare Bones Structures Human essence of this story: Good things will happen to good people and bad things will happen to bad people

EDRD 319 Spring 2011 133 Title: The Dog, the Cat, the Mouse People will act selfishly and become angry when things do not go the way they had planned. Motif :B17.1.2 Hostile Dog, B17.1.5 Hostile Cat, B200 Animals with Human traits, B211.1 Speaking beasts/Domestic, B260.1 Two groups of animals Plot: make peace treaty, B266 Animals fight, B211.1.7 Speaking dog, B211.1.8 - Cat and dog get along living and working for their master Speaking cat - Decide to write up an agreement on what chores/ work each will do - Cat puts agreement in loft where it will be safe Tale Summary: A cat and dog live together and serve their master. They - Devil doesn’t like that they are getting along, so decides to plant decide to write down an agreement about the work each would do around idea in dogs mind that agreement isn’t fair the house. Both the dog and the cat agreed that the cat should put the - Dog confronts cat and tells him to go and grab agreement agreement in a safe spot. After some time the Devil decides to stir up some - Cat discovers mice have eaten the agreement and so cat attacks and trouble, and makes dog feel the agreement is unfair. Dog tells cat about kills mice how unfair the agreement is and demands to see it. Cat goes to get the - Dog discovers cat no longer has agreement, and attacks cat - Always enemies for the rest of time agreement only to find out that some mice had nibbled away and ate the Bibliography of Variants/ Versions: agreement. Cat becomes very angry and attacks as many mice as possible only then to return to dog. Dog sees cat no longer has the agreement and Ernst, Meier.Deutsche Volksmärchen aus Schwaben. Stuttgart: C. P. attacks the cat. So the rivalry between cat and mouse and mouse vs. dog Scheitlins Verlagshandlung, 1852. no. 81, pp. 283-285. was born, and continues on. Halliwell-Phillipps& Orchard, James: Popular Rhymes and Nursery Tales: A Sequel to the Nursery Rhymes of England .London: John Russell Bare Bones: Smith, 1849. pp. 33-34. -Cat and Dog come to agreement Jacobs, Joseph. The Fables of Æsop, Selected, Told Anew, and Their History Traced .New York: Schocken Books, 1966. pp. 159-160. -Devil disturbs peace O'Connor, W.F.. Folk Tales from Tibet. London: Hurst and Blackett, Ltd., -Dog wants to see the agreement 1906), no. 5, pp. 26-29. Schiefner,Anoton von .Tibetan Tales, Derived from Indian Sources. London: -Cat finds out mouse has eaten the agreement George Routledge and Sons, 1926. no. 40, pp. 344-345. -Cat becomes angry and attacks mouse Academic Sources: -Dog finds out agreement is gone and attacks cat Ashliman, D.L. Folklore & Mythology Electronic Texts. Pittburgh.2006. -Continue to hate each other for all of time http://www.pitt.edu/~dash/folktexts.html. retrieved 2/11 -Predator/Prey Thompson, S. Motif Index of Folk Literature. Bloomington: Indiana Human Essence: The human essence of this tale is that some rivalries exist University Press, 1966. no matter what, and sometimes things are much easier said then done.

EDRD 319 Spring 2011 134 Title: The Crow and the Pitcher Bibliography of Versions/Variants:

Motif Index: H220 Ordeals, H500 Test of cleverness or ability, H570 Means Brown, Lida. The Crow and The Pitcher Fifty Famous Fables , McMurry) of solving riddles, H690 Riddles of weight and measure, H1510 Test of Jacobs, Joseph. The Peacock and the Crane. The Fables of Æsop, Selected, power to survive. Told Anew, and Their History Traced .New York: Schocken Books, Tale Summary: During this tale, a black crow is faced with the possibility of 1966. pp. 89-90. dying of thirst. The crow finds a pitcher filled with water, but the top of the Jacobs, Joseph. The Lark in the Corn-field. The Fables of Æsop, Selected, Told pitcher is very small. The crow can’t fit his head inside of the pitcher to get the water and fears he will die. Then the crow comes up with the idea of Anew, and Their History Traced .New York: Schocken Books, 1966. putting pebbles in the pitcher to make the water rise. Finally there were pp. 134-135. enough pebbles in the pitcher so the crow could reach the water and drink. Academic Sources:

Bare Bones: Ashliman, D.L. Folklore & Mythology Electronic Texts. Pittburgh.2006. -Crow is very thirsty http://www.pitt.edu/~dash/folktexts.html. retrieved 2/11 -Crow finds a pitcher with water inside Thompson, S. Motif Index of Folk Literature. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1966. -Crow can’t reach the water inside pitcher - Starts to fill pitcher with pebbles -Crow is able to reach water and takes a drink Human Essence: The human essence to this classic tale is fear of death and dying. There is a want and need for something essential to survival included. The final aspect of human essence is the perseverance and determination to overcome an obstacle placed in your way.

Plot:

-Drought very little water -Crow finds pitcher with water inside -Tries to reach water for a drink -Can’t reach and begins to fear for his life -Has an idea and begins to put pebbles inside of pitcher -Water gets loser to the top so crow can reach -Crow is able to drink the water and survive EDRD 319 Spring 2011 135 Title: The Greedy Monkey -Monkey reaches deep down into rock and grabs some of wheat in his fist

Motif: J1700-J1729 Fools, Q200- Q399 Deeds punished, Q411.13 Death as - Monkey tries to pull his hand out of the rock but his hand does not fit with punishment for thievery, B275 Animal punished. all of the wheat inside of it. -Could drop some of the wheat back into the rock and get his hand out, but Tale Summary: A monkey is traveling about and notices some wheat in the is too greedy crack of a rock. The monkey attempts to grab some of the wheat, but is unable to pull his hand out of the rock with all the wheat in his hand. The - Monkey ends up dying of starvation because he just wouldn’t let go of all monkey is too greedy to let go of the wheat so instead he doesn’t have any the wheat in his hand. and starves to death. Bare Bones: Bibliography of Versions/ Variants:

- First monkey sees wheat inside of rock Ambrose Bierce, Fantastic Fables, New York and London: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1899, pp. 193-94. -Then monkey puts hand in rock and grabs some wheat Francis, Edmund Burton, Reminiscences of Sport in India ,London: W. H. -Monkey tries to pull hand out of rock but cannot Allen and Company, 1885, p. 123.

-Monkey dies of starvation Jones, Vernon V.S. The Fables of Æsop, Selected, Told Anew, and Their Human Essence: The human essence of this tale is the power of want and History Traced, London: W. Heinemann, 1912, p. 61. greed. Greed is very powerful and sometimes we are too stubborn to share Academic Sources: or allow leftovers for others. Ashliman, D.L. Folklore & Mythology Electronic Texts. Pittburgh.2006. Plot: http://www.pitt.edu/~dash/folktexts.html. retrieved 2/11

-A monkey is traveling around looking for some food Thompson, S. Motif Index of Folk Literature. Bloomington: Indiana - The monkey sees some wheat inside the crack of a rock University Press, 1966.

EDRD 319 Spring 2011 136 Title: “The Boy and the Filberts” Thompson, S. Motif Index of Folk Literature. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1966. Motif Index: W151- Greed Bibliography of Versions (close to tale type) Tale Summary: A boy put his hand into a jar of filberts and grasped as many as his fist could possibly hold. But when he tried to pull it out again, he  Edmund Francis Burton, Reminiscences of Sport in India (London: W. found he couldn't do so, for the neck of the jar was too small to allow of the H. Allen and Company, 1885), p. 123. passage of so large a handful. Unwilling to lose his nuts but unable to  Charles Swynnerton, Indian Nights' Entertainment; or, Folk-Tales withdraw his hand, he burst into tears. from the Upper Indus (London: Elliot Stock, 1892), no. 4, p. 7.  Ambrose Bierce, Fantastic Fables (New York and London: G. P. A bystander, who saw where the trouble lay, said to him, "Come, my boy, Putnam's Sons, 1899), pp. 193-94. don't be so greedy. Be content with half the amount, and you'll be able to get your hand out without difficulty." Bibliography of Variants (somewhat different from tale type) Bare Bones Structure:  Æsop. Fables, retold by Joseph Jacobs. Vol. XVII, Part 1. The Harvard *character seeks human need Classics. New York: P.F. Collier & Son, 1909–14; Bartleby.com, 2001. *character finds reward www.bartleby.com/17/1/. [Date of Printout]. *character takes too much reward  Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm, "Von den Fischer und siiner Fru," Kinder- *character faces obstacle und Hausmärchen, 1st ed. (Berlin: Realschulbuchhandlung, 1812), v. *character loses everything 1, no. 19.  Albert Ludewig Grimm, "Hanns Dudeldee: ein Mährchen," Kindermährchen (Heidelberg: Mohr und Zimmer, [1809], pp. 77-92.  Andrew Lang, The Crimson Fairy Book (London: Longmans, Green, Human essence of this story: and Company, 1903), pp. 192-197. *rewards and punishments  Pantschatantra: Fünf Bücher indischer Fabeln, Märchen und *temptation Erzählungen, translated from the Sanskrit into German by Theodor *undesirable human characteristics Benfey (Leipzig: F. A. Brockhaus, 1859), book 2, story 6 (v. 2, pp. *greed 194-196). *people need food and many people go hungry *testing the limits of how much one can get without losing anything

Academic Sources

Æsop's Fables, translated by V. S. Vernon Jones (London: W. Heinemann, 1912), p. 61. EDRD 319 Spring 2011 137 Title: “Androcles” *we want to see favorable human characteristics *rewards of friendship Motif Index : W11.5- Generosity towards enemy *rewards of helping someone out Tale Summary: A slave named Androcles once escaped from his master and fled to the forest. As he was wandering about there he came upon a lion Academic Sources lying down moaning and groaning. At first he turned to flee, but finding that The Fables of Æsop, selected, told anew, and their history traced by Joseph the lion did not pursue him, he turned back and went up to him. As he came Jacobs (London: Macmillan and Company, 1902), no. 23, pp. 60-61. First near, the lion put out his paw, which was all swollen and bleeding, and published 1894. Androcles found that a huge thorn had got into it, and was causing all the Thompson, S. Motif Index of Folk Literature. Bloomington: Indiana University pain. He pulled out the thorn and bound up the paw of the lion, who was Press, 1966. soon able to rise and lick the hand of Androcles like a dog. Then the lion Bibliography of Versions (close to tale type) took Androcles to his cave, and every day used to bring him meat from which to live. But shortly afterwards both Androcles and the lion were Æsop's Fables, translated by V. S. Vernon Jones (London: W. Heinemann, captured, and the slave was sentenced to be thrown to the lion, after the 1912), pp. 31-32. latter had been kept without food for several days. The emperor and all his Joseph Jacobs, Europa's Fairy Book (New York and London: G. P. Putnam's Sons, © 1916), pp. 107-109. This book was also published under the title court came to see the spectacle, and Androcles was led out into the middle European Folk and Fairy Tales. of the arena. Soon the lion was let loose from his den, and rushed bounding Andrew Lang, The Red Book of Animal Stories (London: Longmans, Green, and roaring towards his victim. But as soon as he came near to Androcles he and Company, 1899), pp. 138-42. recognized his friend, and fawned upon him, and licked his hands like a Gesta Romanorum, translated by Charles Swan, revised by Wynnard Hooper friendly dog. The emperor, surprised at this, summoned Androcles to him, (London: George Bell and Sons, 1906), no. 104, pp. 180-81. who told him the whole story. Whereupon the slave was pardoned and Ambrose Bierce, Fantastic Fables (New York and London: G. P. Putnam's freed, and the lion let loose to his native forest. Sons, 1899), pp. 170-71. Bibliography of Variants (somewhat different from tale type)

Bare Bones Structure:  Joseph Jacobs, Europa's Fairy Book [also published under the title *character seeks freedom European Folk and Fairy Tales] (New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, *character finds enemy 1916), no. 5, pp. 34-41. Reconstructed from various European *character helps enemy sources. *character befriends enemy  Wentworth Webster, Basque Legends, 2nd edition (London: Griffith and Farran, 1879), pp. 167-72. *character is forced to have enemy turn on him/her  Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm, "Von dem Sommer- und Wintergarten," *enemy values friendship Kinder- und Hausmärchen (1812), vol. 1, no. 68. *unlikely partners end up friends  Carl and Theodor Colshorn, "Vom klinkesklanken Lowesblatt," Märchen und Sagen aus Hannover (Hannover: Verlag von Carl Human essence of this story: Ruempler, 1854), no. 20, pp. 64-69. *we want unlikely partners to become friends EDRD 319 Spring 2011 138 Title: “The Fox and the Crow”  Aesop. The Raven and the Fox. In The Fables of Aesop: As First Printed by William Caxton in 1484. Edited by Joseph Jacobs. Vol 2: Text and Motif Index: K1700-Deception through bluffing Glossary, p. 21. London: David Nutt, 1889. Tale Summary: A crow was sitting on a branch of a tree with a piece of  Aesop. The Fox and the Crow. In Fables of ’sop and Others. Translated cheese in her beak when a fox observed her and set his wits to work to into English with Instructive Applications by Samuel Croxall. No. 9, pp. discover some way of getting the cheese. Coming and standing under the 38-39. Philadelphia: Thomas Cowperthwait and Co., 1850. tree he looked up and said, "What a noble bird I see above me! Her beauty  Aesop. The Fox and the Crow. In Æsop: Retold by Joseph Jacobs, no. 8. Harvard Classics, vol. 17, part 1. New York: P. F. Collier and Son, 190914. is without equal, the hue of her plumage exquisite. If only her voice is as  Aesop. The Fox and the Crow. In Aesop's Fables. Translated by V. S. sweet as her looks are fair, she ought without doubt to be queen of the Vernon Jones. Introduction and Notes by D. L. Ashliman. No. 9, p. 21. birds." The crow was hugely flattered by this, and just to show the fox that New York: Barnes and Noble, 2003. she could sing she gave a loud caw. Down came the cheese, of course, and  Jātaka. Jambu-Khādaka-Jātaka. In The Jātaka; or, Stories of the Buddha's the fox, snatching it up, said, "You have a voice, madam, I see. What you Former Births. Edited by E. B. Cowell. Vol. 2 translated by W. H. D. Rouse. want is wits." No. 294, pp. 299-300. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, [1895].  Jātaka. Anta-Jātaka. In The Jātaka; or, Stories of the Buddha's Former Bare Bones Structure: Births. Edited by E. B. Cowell. Vol. 2 translated by W. H. D. Rouse. No. *predator/prey 295, pp. 300-301. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, [1895]. *predator seeks a desire  La Fontaine, Jean de. Le Corbeau et le Renard. In Fables de La Fontaine. Book 1, fable 2, pp. 39-40. Tours: Alfred Mame et Fils, 1888. *predator charms prey  La Fontaine, Jean de. The Crow and the Fox. In The Fables of La Fontaine. *prey is flattered and falls for trick from predator Translated from the French [mainly by Robert Thomson]. Book 1, fable 2, *predator gets reward p. 18. London: J. C. Nimmo and Bain, 1884.  Fansler, Dean Spruill. Auac and Lamiran. In Filipino Popular Tales, no. 64, Human essence of this story: pp. 395-97. Lancaster, PA. and New York: American Folk-Lore Society, *trickery, deception 1921. *we want the prey to outsmart the predator  Wilhelm, Richard. The Fox and the Raven. In The Chinese Fairy Book. *people often let flattery get to their heads Translated from the German by Frederick H. Martens. No. 13, pp. 29-30. *we like to see people being tricked and outsmarting one another New York: Frederick A. Stokes Co., 1921. *as humans we often lie to get what we want Bibliography of Variants (somewhat different from tale type) Academic Sources  Joseph Jacobs, European Folk and Fairy Tales (New York: G. P. Putnam's Æsop's Fables, translated by V. S. Vernon Jones (London: W. Heinemann, Sons, 1916), pp. 42-43. Jacobs, an eminent folklorist, derived this "restored" text from a variety of European sources. 1912), p. 6.  Benjamin Thorpe, Yule-Tide Stories: A Collection of Scandinavian and Thompson, S. Motif Index of Folk Literature. Bloomington: Indiana University North German Popular Tales and Traditions (London: Henry G. Bohn, 1853), pp. 279-280. Translation slightly revised by D. L. Ashliman. Press, 1966.  A. M. A. Cox-Leick and H. L. Cox, Märchen der Niederlande (Düsseldorf Bibliography of Versions (close to tale type) and Cologne: Eugen Diederichs Verlag, 1977), no. 64, pp. 212-214. © 1964 by Eugen Diederichs Verlag EDRD 319 Spring 2011 139 Title: Gingerbread Man Plot:

Motif Index: K710. K710. Victim enticed into voluntary captivity or  Creation of the gingerbread. helplessness.  Chased by the old woman and old man  Chased by the bird K910. K910. Murder by strategy. Types 10**,  Chased by the cat  Chased by the dog K913. K913. Disguised hero attacks enemy at feast  Trusts fox to get him safely across the rive  Fox eats the gingerbread. Tale Summary:

Old woman and old man make a son out of Gingerbread in hopes of having Academic Sources a child. The Gingerbread man runs out of the house, is being chased by the McDonald, M.R. The Storyteller's Sourcebook. Detroit: Gale Research old woman and the old man. Then being chased by a bird. Then a cat joins Company, 1982. the chase, followed by a dog. Then a fox helps the Gingerbread man across the river and eats him on the other side. Thompson, S. Motif Index of Folk Literature. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1966. Bare Bones Structures: Bibliography of Versions (close to tale type)  Creation of prey by hopeful care provider  Prey runs away from home  Egielski, Richard. The Gingerbread Boy. New York, NY: Laura  Care provider chases Prey further away Geringer Books, 1997  Prey is chased by predator (bird)  Brett, Jan. The Gingerbread Baby. New York: Putnam, 1999  Prey outruns predator  Aylesworth, Jim and illus by McClintock, Barbara. The Gingerbread  Prey is chased by predator (cat) Man. New York: Scholastic Press, 1998  Prey outruns predator  Jones, Carol. The Gingerbread Man: A Peep-Through Picture Book.  Prey is chased by predator (dog) Pymble, NSW: Angus & Robertson, 2002  Prey outruns predator Bibliography of Variants (somewhat different from tale type)  Prey is befriended by predator (fox)  Predator gains trust or prey before killing him  Putnam, Linda Cowley. Pancake Boy: An old Norwegian Folktale. New York: Putnam, 1988 Human essence of this story:  Arnover, Peter. Stop that Pickle Peter. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1993 This story is being told still as it is an excellent example of betrayal once you  Howland, Naomi. The Matzah Man: A Passover Story. New York: trust someone. It is also a good example of arrogance, and not to think that Clarion Books, 2002 you can beat or outsmart everyone that you come in contact with

EDRD 319 Spring 2011 140 Title: Hansel and Gretel Plot:

Motif Index: K553. K553. ―Wait till I get fat.“ Captured person  Children taken out to be left in the woods (animal) persuades his captor to wait and fatten him before eating  Due to shiny pebbles left, children find their way home him.K655. K655. Prisoner kills his watchers who enter to torture him.  Children taken out to woods to be left again Escapes. *Boje 95.  Unable to find their way home as bread crumbles are eaten by birds  Children find a home with a woman who feeds them Tale Summary:  The children are taken camptive  The children push the woman into her own oven to burn The evil stepmother wants to get rid of the children as there is no more  The children find her riches food to feed them all. They take them to the woods, but the children find  Children find their way back home their way home thanks to shiny pebbles dropped by Hansel. They kids are taken further into the woods, and leave bread crumbles on their way this Academic Sources time. The birds eat the bread and they can’t find their way home. They find a small cottage and are taken capture by a witch. They push the witch into McDonald, M.R. The Storyteller's Sourcebook. Detroit: Gale Research her own oven and make an escape. They find riches in her house before Company, 1982. leaving and find their way home to their father. Thompson, S. Motif Index of Folk Literature. Bloomington: Indiana University Bare Bones Structures: Press, 1966.

 Prey is left alone to die Bibliography of Versions (close to tale type)  Prey finds its way home  Prey is again left alone to die  Marshall, James. Hansel and Gretel. New York: Dial Books for Young  Prey finds its way to predators house Readers, 1990  Prey is about to be killed  Galdone, Paul. Hansel and Gretel. McGraw Hill, 1982  Prey outsmarts predator  Dodd, Paul. Hansel and Gretel. New York: Delacorte Press, 1971  Predator is killed by Prey  Jeffers, Susan. Hansel and Gretel. New York: Dial Books for Young  Prey finds its way home Readers, 1980  Zweger, Lisbeth. Hansel and Gretel. Human essence of this story:  Lesser, Rika. Hansel and Gretel. New York: Dodd, Mead, 1984 Bibliography of Variants (somewhat different from tale type) This story is still being told as it teaches survival and courage. Most children would be afraid to run away from a captor. This is also a story of strategy.  Perrault, Charles. Little Thumb.  Basile, Giambattista. Ninnillo and Nennella. Lanciano, 1932

EDRD 319 Spring 2011 141 Title: Little Red Riding Hood  Another day, the wolf shows back up at grandmothers while Little Motif Index: K2011. K2011. Wolf poses as grandmother and kills child. Red Riding Hood is there  Little Red Riding Hood and grandmother trick the wolf into his Tale Summary: drowning death.

Little Red Riding Hood is sent to her grandmothers to give treats when the wolf gets her distracted off the path. The wolf sneaks ahead to Academic Sources grandmother’s house and eats her up. The wolf then dresses in her clothing and pretends to be her. Red Riding Hood is then eaten by the wolf. A hunter McDonald, M.R. The Storyteller's Sourcebook. Detroit: Gale Research comes by and cuts grandmother and Red Riding Hood out of the wolf’s Company, 1982. stomach. Then Wolf tries again on another day and the grandmother and Thompson, S. Motif Index of Folk Literature. Bloomington: Indiana University Red Riding Hood trick the Wolf into drowning in the trough. Press, 1966.

Bare Bones Structures: Bibliography of Versions (close to tale type)  Prey is distracted by predator  Grimm, Jacob. Little Red Riding Hood. New York, NY: Brown Little,  Prey is tricked into death by predator 2007.  Hero saves prey  Godine, David. Little Red Riding Hood. Boston: David R Godine, 2006  Predator tries again to eat prey  Hillert, Margaret. Little Red Riding Hood. Cleveland: Modern  Prey outsmarts the predator Curriculum, 1982  Predator is drowned by prey Bibliography of Variants (somewhat different from tale type)

Plot:  He, Zi. Little Red Hat (Xiao hong mao) Chang Chun: Ji Lin mei shu chu ban she, 1999  Little Red Riding Hood is sent to Grandmother’s to deliver treats  Tater, Maria. The False Grandmother. New York: Norton, 1999  Little Red Riding Hood is distracted off the path by the wolf  Lang, Andrew. The True History of Little Golden-Hood. London:  The wolf goes to grandmothers house before Little Red Riding Hood Longmans, Green and Co, 1909 can get ther  Potter, Beatrix. The Tale of Jemima Puddle-Duck. Frederick Warne,  The wolf eats grandmother and dresses in her clothes pretending to 1994 be her.  Young, Ed. Lon Po Po: A Red-Riding Hood story from China. New  Little Red Riding Hood shows up to grandmother’s and suspects York: Philomel Books, 1989. something is wrong  Artell, Mike. Petite Rouge: A Cajun Red Riding Hood. New York: Dial  Little Red Riding Hood is eaten by the wolf. Books for Young Readers, 2001.  A hunter hears the wolf snoring and thinks it is grandmother  Grimm Brothers. Little Red Cap. New York: W. Morrow, 1983  The hunter goes in to check on her and finds the wolf.  McKissack, Patricia. Flossie and the Fox. New York: Dial Books for  Hunter cuts the wolf up and frees Little Red Riding Hood and Young Readers, 1986 grandmother  The wolf leaves EDRD 319 Spring 2011 142 Title: Rapunzel  Couple/villain Motif Index Numbers and Descriptions: K231.1.1. K231.1.1. Mutual  Couple steals from villain and are caught agreement to sacrifice family members in famine. R41. R41. Captivity in  An exchange is struck. Their child tower (castle, prison). H12.2. H12.2. Recognition by verse of song.  Child grows up beautiful and is locked away  D1900.0.1. D1900.0.1. Love purified by magic. A hero happens upon locked away child  Hero plans a rescue  Villain finds out and foils plan Tale Summary: A married couple lived next to an Enchantress who had a  Years go by lush garden. The wife was starving so the husband stole from the  Hero happens upon locked child Enchantress. She caught him stealing and a deal was made. This was that  Miracle occurs the couple would give the Enchantress their child. They did so and the Enchantress took care of and loved the child. The child’s name was Rapunzel Academic Sources and she was very beautiful. The Enchantress feared that Rapunzel would McDonald, M.R. The Storyteller's Sourcebook. Detroit: Gale Research leave her so she locked her away in a tall tower. The Enchantress would call Company, 1982. up the tower and Rapunzel would let down her hair. One day a Prince Thompson, S. Motif Index of Folk Literature. Bloomington: Indiana happened by the tower. He over heard a song and longed to get into the University Press, 1966. tower. He waited and saw how the enchantress got into the tower and after she left he did the same. He and Rapunzel fell in love and planned to marry. Bibliography of Versions (close to tale type) Rapunzel let there plan slip and the Enchantress sought revenge. She cut off  Anderson, Graham. Fairytale in the Ancient World. London: Rapunzel's hair and cast her out. She confronted the prince and he leaped Routledge, 2000. out of the tower blinding himself as he landed. He roamed around heart  Ashliman, D. L. A Guide to Folktales in the English Language.New broken and blind. Years later he came to a dessert were he heard a familiar York: Greenwood Press, 1987. voice. Rapunzel recognized him and her tears of joy ran into his eyes curing  Bernheimer, Kate. Mirror, Mirror On The Wall: Women Explore his blindness. They then lived happily ever after in his kingdom with their Their Favorite Fairy Tales. New York: Anchor Books, 1998. children.  Canepa, Nancy. Out of the Woods : The Origins of the Literary Fairy

Tale in Italy and France. Detroit: Wayne State University, 1997.  Cashdan, Sheldon. The Witch Must Die. New York: Basic, 1999. Bare Bones Structures  Clouston, William Alexander. Popular Tales and Fictions. Christine

Goldberg, ed. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, 2002. Human essence: There is the main element of good verses evil. A beautiful  Hendrickson, Linnea. “The View From Rapunzel’s Tower.” Children's maiden locked in a tower and a prince who wants to rescue her. It is a love Literature in Education. Vol 31.4 (Dec2000): 209-223. story. There is loss in many ways from love, treasure, hair and eyesight.  Lang, Andrew, ed. "Rapunzel." The Red Fairy Book. New York: There is the feeling of doom as the Enchantress take her revenge and once Dover, 1966. (Original published 1890.) all hope is lost there is a miracle.  Opie, Iona and Peter. The Classic Fairy Tales. New York: Oxford University Press, 1974. Plot  Philip, Neil. The Illustrated Book of Fairy Tales. New York: DK EDRD 319 Spring 2011 143 Publishing, 1997.  Propp, Vladimir. Morphology of the Folktale. Austin: University of Texas, 1968.  Zipes, Jack. Beauties, Beasts and Enchantments: Classic French Fairy Tales. New York: New American Library, 1989. Bibliography of Variants (somewhat different from tale type)  Bofill, Francesc. Rapunzel/Rapunzel: A Bilingual Book. United States: Conical Books, 1997. Print.  Heiner, Heidi Anne. Rapunzel and Other Maiden in the Tower Tales From Around the World: Fairy Tales, Myths, Legends and Other Tales About Maidens in Tower. Untied States: SurLaLune Press, 2010. Print  O Zenlinsky, Paul, and Brothers Grimm. Rapunzel. New York: Penguin Group, 1997. Print.  Roberts, Lynn, and David Robert. Rapunzel : a groovy fairy tale. New York: Harry N. Abrams, 2003. Print.  Storace, Patricia, and Ron Colon. Sugar Cane : a Caribbean Rapunzel. New York: Jump at the Sun/Hyperion Books for Children, 2007. Print.  Vozar, David, and Betsy Lewin. RAPunzel : a happenin' rap. New York: Doubleday Books for Young Readers,, 1998. Print.  Wilcox, Leah, and Lydia Monks. Falling For Rapuzel. N.p.: New York: Puffin Books, 2003. Print.

EDRD 319 Spring 2011 144 Title: Rumpelstiltskin The Human Essence: triumph of good verses evil. Also the elements of Motif Index Numbers and Descriptions: K231.1.1. K231.1.1. Mutual magic and riches. The promise of a child and the potential loss of child. agreement to sacrifice family members in famine. K47. K47. Sewing contest There is suspense in the three days of guessing. There is greed, betrayal and won by deception. K434. K434. Clever girl discovers robber and cheats lying. There is also mystery and wonder. him.H12.2. H12.2. Recognition by verse of song.H19.1. H19.1. Recognition by ability to identify property.D1733. D1733. Acts of magic power. Plot  Father bargains off daughter Tale Summary: There once was a poor miller who told the King his daughter  Daughter has a believed magical power could spin straw into gold. The King instructed the miller to bring his  Daughter life threatened if can not perform daughter to the palace and he shall see is this was true. The daughter was  Magical creature appears and bargain stuck placed in a large room with straw and told if she did not succeed she would  Material possession for magic X 2 die. She began to cry because she could not do this. A little man then  First-born child sworn for final magical act  Child born and magical creature appears appeared and bargained with her. She gave him a necklace and he spun the  Daughter weeps and new bargain struck straw into gold. The greedy King took the daughter into a larger room and  Daughter has three days to guess identity of creature this time when the man appeared she gave him a ring. The next day the King  Two nights of no luck was so happy that instead of threatening her life he said that he would  In afternoon before final night the identity is found out marry her if she did it again. This time she had nothing to give the little man  Daughter toys with creature and finally guesses correctly so he made her agree that she would give him her first-born. The daughter  Creature destroys himself married the King and years later she had a child. The little man appeared and she began to weep. Another bargain was struck and the now Queen was given three days to figure out the little mans name. If she could do this Academic Sources he would not take her child. The Queen sent messengers far and wide to McDonald, M.R. The Storyteller's Sourcebook. Detroit: Gale Research find out names. The first day she said all the names she could think of and Company, 1982. not one was right. The second day all the weird names she could think of Thompson, S. Motif Index of Folk Literature. Bloomington: Indiana and not one were right. Before the little man appeared on the third day a University Press, 1966. messenger returned who had over heard the little man on a hill singing a song in which he stated his name. The Queen was overjoyed so when the Bibliography of Versions (close to tale type) little man appeared she played dumb and then said the name  Anderson, Graham. Fairytale in the Ancient World. London: Routledge, Rumpelstilskin. The now named man was so angry that she had guessed the 2000. correct name that he tore himself in two.  Bergler, Edmund. “The Clinical Importance of 'Rumpelstiltskin' As Anti- Male Manifesto.” American Imago 18:1. Spring 1961. 65-70.  Bernheimer, Kate. Mirror, Mirror On The Wall: Women Explore Their Bare Bones Structures Favorite Fairy Tales. New York: Anchor Books, 1998.

 Crane, Thomas. Italian Popular Tales. New York: Houghton Mifflin and

EDRD 319 Spring 2011 145 Company, 1885.  Einfield, Jann, ed. Fairy Tales. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 2001.  Lang, Andrew, ed. "Rumpelstiltskin." The Blue Fairy Book. New York: Dover, 1965. (Original published 1889.)  Opie, Iona and Peter. The Classic Fairy Tales. New York: Oxford University Press, 1974.  Philip, Neil. The Illustrated Book of Fairy Tales. New York: DK Publishing, 1997.  Rohrich, Lutz. Folktales and Reality. Peter Tokofsky, translator. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 1991.  Sale, Roger. Fairy Tales and After: From Snow White to E. B. White. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1978.  Tatar, Maria M. The Annotated Classic Fairy Tales. New York: W. W. Norton, 2002.  Tolkien, J. R. R. "On Fairy Stories." Tree and Leaf. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1965.  Yolen, Jane. Touch Magic. Little Rock: August House, 2000.

Bibliography of Variants (somewhat different from tale type)  Hamilton, Virginia, and Leon & Diane Dillon. The Girl Who Spun Gold. New York: The Blue Sky Press, 2007. Print  Stanley, Diane. Rumpelstiltskin's daughter. New York: Morrow Junior Books, 1997. Print.  Powell, Martin, and Erik Valdez Y. Alani. Rumpelstiltskin : the graphic novel. New York: Stone Arch Books, 2009  Vande Velde, Vivian. The Rumpelstiltskin Problem. New York: Houghton Mifflin Co, 2000. Print.

EDRD 319 Spring 2011 146 Title: The Story of the Stone Soup  People deliver and problem solved Motif Index Numbers and Descriptions: K112.2. K112.2. “Soup stone” sold. It needs only the addition of a few vegetables and a bit of meat. *Type 1548; *Prato RTP IV 168; Italian Novella: Rotunda. J712. J712. Food alone Academic Sources keeps off hunger.J712.1. J712.1. City without provisions but with much McDonald, M.R. The Storyteller's Sourcebook. Detroit: Gale Research money starves. Chauvin V 34 No. 16; Jewish: Neuman. J715. J715. Kindness Company, 1982. unwise when it imperils one’s food supply. Thompson, S. Motif Index of Folk Literature. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1966. Tale Summary: In a small French village there was a famine and people were very hungry. A group of travelers came upon the hungry village. Bibliography of Versions (close to tale type) Frightened the villagers told the solders that they could not stay because  Brown, Marcia. Stone Soup (Favorites on CD).New York: Aladdin there was not food. The travelers acted as though they did not care. They Paperbacks, 1997. were going to make some soup from stones. This intrigued the village and  Strega Nona. and More Caldecott Award-. 2000. Scholastic. DVD. they watched as the travelers got out a big black pot, set a fire under it, Bibliography of Variants (somewhat different from tale type) filled it with water and placed three smooth stones in the pot. As the water  Bonning, Tony, and Sally Hobson. Fox Tail Soup. New York: Simon & boiled they began to anticipate eating the delicious stone soup. They began Schuster Books for Young Readers,, 2002. Print.  Compestine, Ying Chang, and StŽphane Jorisc. The Real Story of Stone hinting to the villagers for ingredients that would make the soup better. One Soup. N.p.: Dutton Children's Books,, 2007. Print. by one the villagers brought out vegetables and some beef. When the soup  Davis, Aubrey, and Dusan Petricic. Bone Button Borscht. New York: was finished cooking they all enjoyed the stone soup. The villagers offered Kids Can Press, 1997. Print. to pay money for the magic stones but they refused to give them up. The  Giff, Patricia Reill, and Blanche Sims. Spectacular Stone Soup. New moral is that by working together, with everyone contributing what they York: Dell Pub, 1989. Print. can, a greater good is achieved.  Kimmel, Eric A., and Paul Huling. Cactus Soup. New York: Cavendish Children's Books,, 2004. Print. Bare Bones Structures  Maddern, Eric Maddern, and Paul Hess. Nail Soup. New York: Frances Lincoln Children's, 2007. Print.

 Orgel, Doris. Button Soup. New York: Bantam Books, 1994. Print. Human Essence: is the power of fear, greed and survival. Also there are  Seeger, Pete, Paul D. Jacob, and Michael Hayes. Some friends to feed : elements of trickery also the obviousness of what the travelers were doing. the story of Stone Soup. New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons, 2005. Print.  Van Rynbach, Iris. The Stone Soup. New York: Greenwillow Books, Plot 1988. Print.  Group of people somewhere with problem  Stranger/s come upon people  Stranger/s begin making something people need  Curiosity gets the best of people  Stranger/s hint at needed solution

EDRD 319 Spring 2011 147 Title The Golden Bird Bibliography of Versions (close to tale type)

Motif Index H1331.1.3A Quest for Golden Bird (The Firebird)  Demi. The Firebird: A Russian Folktale, Holt (New York, NY), 1994.  Winthrop, Elizabeth. The Little Humpbacked Horse: A Russian Tale, Tale Summary The King’s eldest son is sent on a quest for a golden bird, but illustrated by Alexander Koshkin, Houghton Mifflin (Boston, MA), fails because he does not listen to the wise fox.. When he fails, the next son 1997 is sent, and finally the youngest son is sent to find the bird. Son receives  San Souci, Robert. The Little Seven-colored Horse: A Spanish help from the fox to find the bird, and fails. Fox takes pity on son and helps American Folktale, illustrated by Jan Thompson Dicks, Chronicle him again and again when he fails because he is kindhearted. As repayment, Books (San Francisco, CA), 1995 fox asks son to kill him and the son refuses, After getting him out of trouble on last time, the boy kills the fox out of gratitude and the fox turns into Bibliography of Variants (somewhat different from tale type) royalty.  Hunter, Mollie. Gilly Martin the Fox. Hyperion Books, CH. 1994 Human essence of this story: Following and breaking rules, quest for  Zipes, Jack. The Complete Fairy Tales of the Brothers Grimm. Bantam, treasure, deception 1987.  Bierhorst, John. The Monkey’s Haircut and Other Stories Told by the Bare Bones Structure Maya. Harper Collins, 1986.

 Father figure sends children on a quest  First two children fail by ignoring advice, third child succeeds  Child ignores wisdom, and gets into trouble repeatedly  Wise one pities the child, helps him repeatedly  Child succeeds, and ignores the wise one’s request for help  Two eldest children deceive youngest son  Wise one grants help again to remedy situation

 Child complies with wise one’s request, wise one turns into royalty

Academic Sources

McDonald, M.R. The Storyteller's Sourcebook. Detroit: Gale Research Company, 1982.

Thompson, S. Motif Index of Folk Literature. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1966. http://biography.jrank.org (used to find publishers, etc.)

EDRD 319 Spring 2011 148 Title: The Hare and the Hedgehog Bibliography of Versions (close to tale type)

Motif Index K11.1.0.3 Hedgehog and Wife Defeat Hare  El Shamy, Hasan. Folktales of Egypt. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1980. Tale Summary: Hedgehog goes out for a walk in the field and encounters a  Rank, Kurt. Folktales of Germany. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, hare who makes fun of his crooked legs. The hare maliciously challenges the 1966. hedgehog to a race to see who’s legs are superior. The Hedgehog outsmarts  Windham, Sophie. Read Me a Story. Scholastic Trade, 1991. the hare by calling his wife and having her hide at the finish line. They start Bibliography of Variants (somewhat different from tale type) the race, and the hare, mistaking the male hedgehog for his wife, is  East, Helen. The Singing Sack: 28 Song-Stories from Around the World, bewildered that the hedgehog won and demands a re-race. They race illustrated by Mary Currie. A&C Black, 1991. repeatedly with the hedgehog on one side and wife on the other until the  DeSpain, Pleasant and Joe Shlichta. Thirty-Three Multicultural Tales to hare drops dead of exhaustion. Tell. August House, 1993.  Mora, Pat. The Race of Toad and Deer, illustrated by Domi. Groundwood Human essence of this story: Underdog is victorious, arrogance. Books, 2001.

Bare Bones Structures

 Underdog encounters an unexpected arrogant challenger  Challenger criticizes some physical aspect of underdog  Challenger wants some sort of challenge to prove superiority  Underdog wisely outsmarts the challenger with a duplicate  Challenger can not believe results, demands re-match  Challenger dies

Academic Sources

McDonald, M.R. The Storyteller's Sourcebook. Detroit: Gale Research

Company, 1982.

Thompson, S. Motif Index of Folk Literature. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1966. www.amazon.com (used to find publishers, etc.)

EDRD 319 Spring 2011 149 Title: The Queen Bee

Motif Index B582.2A Animals Help Hero Win Princess (The Queen Bee) www.amazon.com (used to find publishers, etc.)

Tale Summary: Three Brothers go off on an adventure together. They come Bibliography of Versions (close to tale type) upon an anthill and the first two brothers want to smash it, but the youngest insists that they leave them in peace. They come upon a duck  Demi. The Magic Boat. Henry Holth & C0, 1990  Massignon, Genevieve. Folktales of France (Folktales of the World). pond, first two want to kill the ducks, youngest told them not to. They came Routledge & K. Paul (1968) upon a beehive, and the two wanted to smoke them out for honey, but the  Zipes, Jack. The Complete Fairy Tales of the Brothers Grimm. youngest protected the bees. The brothers then went to a castle where they Bantam, 1987. were given three seemingly impossible tasks. The first two failed and are Bibliography of Variants (somewhat different from tale type) turned to stone, but the youngest succeeded with the help from the ants, the ducks, and the queen bee. The youngest got to marry the princess.  Aardema, Verna. Koi and the Kola Nuts: A Tale From Liberia, illustrated by Joe Cepeda. Aladdin, 2003. Human essence of this story: Kindness, foolishness, rewards  Gatti, Anne. Tales from the African Plains, illustrated by Gregory Alexander. Puffin, 2001 Bare Bones Structures  Eberhard, Wolfram. Folktales of China (Folktales of the World). University of Chicago Press, 1965  Three travelers go out in search of fortune/princess  Along the way, they encounter 3 animals that are generally looked down upon  First two travelers want to destroy the animals, the third insists on protecting them  Travelers make it to destination, and receive a difficult task to gain fortune  First two fail and are harmed, the third succeeds with the help of the animals he saved  The third traveler receives the fortune/marries the princess

Academic Sources

McDonald, M.R. The Storyteller's Sourcebook. Detroit: Gale Research Company, 1982.

Thompson, S. Motif Index of Folk Literature. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1966.

EDRD 319 Spring 2011 150 Title: The Tortoise and the Hare -Confident animal exaggerates -Competition between overconfident animal and good natured animal Motif Index -Challenge between slow and fast  Slow and steady defeats B211. B211. Animal uses human speech.  Fast animal loses B211.2.6. B211.2.6. Speaking hare (rabbit). Irish myth: Cross; German: Grimm Nos. 8, 60, 66. B211.2.3. B211.2.3. Speaking bear. German: Grimm Nos. 60, 114, 161; Bibliography of Versions (close to tale type) French-Canadian: Sister Marie Ursule (B211.22). -Jones, Carol. The Hare and Tortoise. B211.6. B211.6. Speaking reptile. B211.2.8. B211.2.8. Speaking mouse. India: Thompson-Balys. -Stevens, Janet. The Tortoise and the Hare:An Aesop Fable H1594. H1594. Foot-racing contest. Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: Boberg -Ward, Helen. The Hare and the Tortoise: A Fable by Aesop.

Tale Summary -De Paola- Tomie de Paola’s Favorite Nursery Tales 112-113

The Hare is certain he can win any of the other characters in a race because -Paxton- Aesop’s Fables unpaginated he can run fast. So Tortoise challenges the Hare. Tortoise is slow and steady and the Hare thinks he is so fast he can take a nap and still beat Tortoise. By the time wakes up from his nap, Tortoise has already made it to the finish line.

Bare Bones Structures Bibliography of Variants (somewhat different from tale type)

Human essence of this story Djurklou, Gabriel. Old Nick and the Girl Bruchac, Joseph. Jose Aruego. Turtle’s race with Beaver: a traditional Seneca Being too confident Story Patience Floyd, Lucy. Christpher Overestimation Rabbit and turtle go to school. Slow and steady wins the race Mora, Pat. and Maya Itzna . The race of toad and deer. No matter what a person's natural talents, they are not effective when not Wolff, Ashley. Stella and Roy. Wild, Margaret and Ron Brooks Rosie and the Tortoise. used properly. ecil Henry Bompas, Folklore of the Santal Parganas. The Elephant and the A willingness to work hard at something and not give up will take a person Ant. much farther than natural ability that is taken for granted. Another thing to remember is that a person should never underestimate someone because he or she feels superior.

Plot

EDRD 319 Spring 2011 151 Title: Jack and the Beanstalk Tale Summary Jack is a boy who sells the family cow for a few beans, much Motif Index to his widowed mother's annoyance. The beans are magical and grow into a D960. Magic gardens and plants stalk that reaches the sky. Jack climbs it, discovers a strange land, and steals D482.1. D482.1. Transformation: stretching tree. A tree magically shoots a giant's treasure. The giant pursues Jack, but is killed in a fall to the earth upward.--India: Thompson-Balys; Batak: Warneck Religion der Batak 50; when Jack chops the beanstalk down. Melanesian: Codrington 165.--N. A. Indian: Thompson Tales 332 n. 199; S. A. Bare Bones Structures Indian (Mataco): Mйtraux MAFLS XL 35; Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 188, 306. Human essence of this story D838.2. D838.2. Magic object taken from ogre‘s house. Hartland Perseus Giants III 201; Icelandic: *Boberg; Japanese: Ikeda; India: *Thompson-Balys Predator/Prey D29. D29. Transformation to a person of different social class-- Means of Survival; we want to live with fortune miscellaneous. Irish myth: Cross. Danger J11J1113. J1113. Clever boy. India: *Thompson-Balys. Small and weak overcome powerful and mighty 00--J1249. Clever persons and acts Trickery J1115.6. J1115.6. Clever peasant. *Hdwb. d. Mдrchens I 187b Imagination; a perfect way to escape G120. Physical characteristics of giant ogres Plot G130. Customs of giant ogres -Human in poverty tries to survive G500. Ogre defeated -Human obtains magical objects G550. Rescue from ogre -Curiousity strikes; discovers fantasy land G162. G162. Giant lives in a castle in the air. India: Thompson-Balys -Human steals from a giant; treasures G401. G401. Children wander into ogre’s house. *Types 327, 327**; Swiss: -Human outsmarts giantb Jegerlehner Oberwallis 326 No. 1; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 48 No. 327E*, -Human collects fortune Espinosa Jr. No. 81; West Indies: Flowers 453. -Shares with parents G610.1. G610.1. Stealing from ogre for revenge. *Type 328. G610.3. G610.3. Stealing from ogre as task. *Type 328; *BP III 21 n. 1; Bibliography of Versions (close to tale type) Christiansen 45 No. 328; Italian: Basile Pentamerone III No. 7; India: Jacobs, Joseph. English Fairy Tales and More English Fairy Tales 53-60 *Thompson-Balys. De Regniers, Betrice Schenk H961. H961. Tasks performed by cleverness. *M. Bloomfield in Penzer VII x; Pearson, Susan. Jack and the Beanstalk S. A. Indian (Quich): Alexander Lat. Am. 174. Kellogg, Steven. Jack and the Beanstalk Q91. Q91. Reward for cleverness. Heidi Anne Heiner, SurLaLune Fairy Tales Q111. Q111. Riches as reward. *Roberts 190; Irish myth: *Cross; Spanish: Hillert, Margaret. " The Magic Beans Espinosa Jr. Nos. 132, 181; Jewish; Neuman; Chinese: Graham; Africa Stobbs, William. Jack and the Beanstalk (Wakweli): Bender 88. Briggs, Raymond. Jim and the Beanstalk X137. X137. Humor of ugliness. U.S.: *Baughman. Marcantonio, Patricia Santos. Red Ridin' in the Hood X1530. X1530. Lies about remarkable soil. EDRD 319 Spring 2011 152 Bibliography of Variants (somewhat different from tale type) Kate and the Beanstalk

Briggs, Raymond . Jim and the Beanstalk Birdseye, Tom. Look Out, Jack! The Giant is Back Stanley, Diane. The Giant and the Beanstalk Napoli, Donna Jo. Crazy Jack Briggs, Raymond. Jim and the beanstalk. Cole, Brock. The giant’s toe.

EDRD 319 Spring 2011 153 Title: SLEEPLESS BEAUTY Heroic Quest Trickery Motif Index Predator/Prey

G200. Witch Plot G260. Evil deeds of witches - Privleged humans G220. Characteristics of witches -Protection D660. Motive for transformation of others -Gift from predator D830. Magic object acquired by trickery -Trickery, lying D1080. Magic weapons -Stranger vanished D1360. Magic object effects temporary change in person -Saved by hero D1960. Magic sleep -Escapes danger D136D1710. Possession of magic powers D582.2. D582.2. Transformation by magic needle. India: Thompson-Balys. Bibliography of Versions (close to tale type) D1595. D1595. Magic object provides beautiful bride for hero. India: Thompson-Balys Levine, Gail Carson. Mark Elliott. Princess Sonora and the long sleep. -Grimm pb (D1960.3) The Sleeping Beauty Tale Summary: When Sleepless Beauty was born they called her Little -Impey Read Me a Fairy Tale Beauty. They were so pleased to have her so they threw a party and invited -Massignon - Foltales of France 133-135 everyone but the witch that lived down the street. The witch still shows -Mayer pb; Perrault pb; Perrault - Cinderella and other Tales From Perrault with a present (a curse). When Little Beauty’s 14th Birthday comes and she 3-12 -Pino-Saavedra- Folktales of Chile 77-80 pricks her finger, she will fall asleep for 100 years including her parents. Minters, Frances. G. Brian Karas. Sleepless Beauty. Viking, 1996. Everyone thinks the witch is evil and she wants to prove them wrong. She tells them that when Little Beauty wakes up she will have a rock star. Her Bibliography of Variants (somewhat different from tale type) parents kept Little Beauty away from sharp object but one day the witch shows unexpectly and tricks Little Beauty into poking herself on a record  - The Sleeping Prince. Lurie- Clever Gretchen and Other Forgotten player needle. She falls asleep but doesn’t sleep for 100 years because she Folktales 74-83 set her alarm and the music that was being played on her alarm clock  Yolen, Jane. Sleeping ugly. cancelled out the curse. She wrote a note to the rock star thanking him and Academic Sources met him later on. She lived happily ever after with her rock star boy. McDonald, M.R. The Storyteller's Sourcebook. Detroit: Gale Research Bare Bones Structures Human essence of this story Company, 1982. Be aware of strangers, we live in a dangerous world. Thompson, S. Motif Index of Folk Literature. Bloomington: Indiana We want to trust people because we believe in the good of people. University Press, 1966. Good vs. Evil

EDRD 319 Spring 2011 154 Title: Jack and the Beanstalk Bibliography of Versions (close to tale type)

Motif Index: D850. Magic object otherwise obtained. D830. Magic objects  Jacobs, Joseph. English Fairy Tales. London: David Nutt, 1890. acquired by trickery K1710. Ogres (or large animal) overcome. L300.  Lang, Andrew. The Red Fairy Book. London: Longmans, Green, and Triumph of the weak. Company, 1895), pp. 133-145.  Edwin Sidney Hartland, English Fairy and Other Folk Tales (London: Tale Summary/type: Poor widow and son. Magic beans. Rich giant on top of The Walter Scott Publishing Company, n.d. [ca. 1890], pp. 35-46. beanstalk. Jack steals money bags, a hen which lays golden eggs, and a  Elsie Clews Parson. Tales from Maryland and Pennsylvania, the Journal of American Folklore, vol. 30, no. 116. 1917. Pp. 212-13 golden harp. Jack cuts down the beanstalk and kills the giant.  Anon. The History of Jack and the Bean-stalk. Printed from the Bare Bones Structure: original manuscript, never before published. London: B. Tabart. 1807.  Poverty/near starvation  Jack and the Bean-Stalk. The Child’s Own Book. 9th edition (London:  Find a way to make ends meet William Tegg, 1861), pp. 214-29).  Magic beans/beanstalk  Steel, Flora Annie. Jack and the Beanstalk. English Fairy Tales. (New  Stealing to survive York: The Macmillan Company, 1918), pp. 136-53  Three trips, three items stolen  Last trip is almost caught Bibliography of Variants (somewhat different from tale type)  Rightful owner chases after   Kills owner in order to survive Chase, Richard. Jack and the Bean Tree. The Jack Tales: Folk Tales from the Southern Appalachians. (Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2003),  Live happily ever after pp. 29-37. First published 1943.

 Still, James. Jack and the Wonder Beans. Illus. Margot Tomes. 1977. Human Essence: The need to survive, and wealth being acquired so easily. Rpt. Lexington, KY: University Press of KY, 1996.  The near-death experience and the chase. Harmon, Samuel. The Bean Tree. American Folktales: From the Collections of the Library of Congress. 1939. Pp. 35-36.  Ebel, Julia Taylor. "The Man on the Moon." Jack Tales and Mountain Yarns, Boone, NC: pp. 92-99. Academic Sources

McDonald, M.R. The Storyteller's Sourcebook. Detroit: Gale Research Company, 1982.

Thompson, S. Motif Index of Folk Literature. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1966.

Ashliman, D.L. Folklore and Mythology Electronic Texts. University of Pittsburgh: 1996-2011. EDRD 319 Spring 2011 155 Title: The Billy Goats Gruff Bibliography of Versions (Close to tale):

Motif: B211, B211- Animal has human traits. J200- Choices. J420-  Peter Christen Asbjørnsen and Jørgen Moe, De tre bukkene Association of strong and weak. J1160- Clever pleading. K600- Bruse som skulle gå til seters og gjøre seg fete, Norske Murderer or captor otherwise beguiled Folkeeventyr, translated by George Webbe Dasent in Popular Tales from the Norse, 2nd edition (London: George Routledge Tale Summary: Three Billy goats; one small, one medium, one large. and Sons, n.d.), no. 37, pp. 275-276.  Crossing a bridge to eat. Troll lives under bridge. Wants the biggest Karl Haupt, "Die drei Ziegen," Sagenbuch der Lausitz, v. 2 (Leipzig: Verlag von Wilhelm Engelmann, 1863), no. 320, p. 222. goat, but the biggest goat tricks him by beating him up.  Adalbert Kuhn, "Wie die Ziegen nach Hessen gekommen sind," Sagen Gebräuche und Märchen aus Westfalen und einigen Bare Bones Structure: andern, besonders den angrenzenden Gegenden  Predator/prey Norddeutschlands (Leipzig: F. A. Brockhaus, 1859), v. 2, pp. 250-  Three friends/brothers 251. Translated by D. L. Ashliman.

 Differ in size  The small ones deceive the biggest Bibliography of Variants (somewhat different from tale):  Predator wants the most possible  Let’s small prey go  W. F. O'Connor, Folk Tales from Tibet (London: Hurst and  Is scared/injured/killed Blackett, 1906), pp. 56-59. The Sheep, the Lamb, the Wolf, and  Because of Predators greed, he get’s nothing the Hare.  Source: Joseph Jacobs, Indian Fairy Tales (London: David Nutt, Human Essence: Trickery and deception. The predator/prey 1892), no. 3, pp. 17-20. The Lambkin. relationship and the weak overcoming the powerful.  Joseph Jacobs, The Fables of Æsop (London: Macmillan and Company, 1902), no. 53, p. 124. First published 1894. The Fisher Academic Sources: See above. and the Little Fisher.  Theodor Vernaleken, "Der Hund und der Wolf," Österreichische Kinder- und Hausmärchen: Treu nach mündlicher Überlieferung (Vienna and Leipzig: WilhelmBraumüller, 1896), no. 9, pp. 39-43. The Dog and the Wolf.  Joel Chandler Harris, Nights with Uncle Remus (Boston and New

York: Houghton, Mifflin, and Company, 1883), no. 65, pp. 366-70. Mr. Hawk and Brother Rabbit.

EDRD 319 Spring 2011 156 Title: The Boy who Cried Wolf Bibliography of Versions (Close to Tale):

Motif: J130- Wisdom (knowledge) acquired from animals. J200-  Aesop's Fables, translated by V. S. Vernon Jones (London: W. Choices. J1040- Decisiveness of conduct. J2160-Other short- Heinemann, 1912). The Sheppard’s Boy and the Wolf. sighted acts. L430- Arrogance repaid.  O’Toole, Mary, ret. The Boy who Cried wolf; an Aesop Fable. Modern Curriculum Press, 1987. Tale Summary: A boy goes off alone. He decides to pull a trick and scream that a wolf is near, so the people will come running. Bibliography of Variants (Somewhat different from Tale): He does this more than once. Eventually the people stop coming. Then there truly is a wolf, and no one comes to help the boy  Hennessy, B. G. (Barbara G.) The Boy who Cried Wolf. Simon & because of his lies. Schuster 2006.  Hartman, Bob. The Wolf who Cried Boy. Putnam, 2002.  Yolen, Jane. A Sip of Aesop. The Boy who Cried Wolf. Blue Sky, 1995. Bare Bones Structure:  Ross, Tony. The Boy who Cried Wolf. Dial, 1985.  Aesop’s Fables, translated by V.S. Vernon Jones (London: W.  Young boy Heinemann, 1912). The Wolf and the Lamb.  Off alone doing a job  Aesop’s Fables, translated by V.S. Vernon Jones (London: W.  Lies for fun, to trick people Heinemann, 1912). The Wolf and the Sheep.  Wanted to have fun and not do his work  People would come to help him  People found out he was a liar

 Stopped coming  Then his lie became the truth

 No one came to help him  Severe consequences  You cannot believe a liar

Human Essence: Lying is human nature; this shows the fault in it. Sympathy for the boy who wants to have fun. Strong moral- should not lie.

Academic Sources: See above.

EDRD 319 Spring 2011 157 Title Little Red Riding Hood Academic Sources

Motif Index K2011. K2011. Wolf poses as ”grandmother“ and kills child. McDonald, M.R. The Storyteller's Sourcebook. Detroit: Gale Research (Red Riding Hood.) *Type 333; BP I 37, *42, 234; *Saintyves Perrault 215, Company, 1982. 222; Missouri French: Carrire; Japanese: Ikeda; Africa (Ibo, Nigeria): Thomas Thompson, S. Motif Index of Folk Literature. Bloomington: Indiana University 83. Press, 1966. Tale Summary Bibliography of Versions (close to tale type) Red Riding Hood sent to bring sick Grandmother some cake. Red meets Wolf, who desires to eat Red, but refrains due to woodcutters nearby. Red  Andrew Lang, The Blue Fairy Book, 5th edition (London: Longmans, Green, and Company, 1891), pp. 51-53. Lang's source: Charles reveals destination of her travels and Wolf plans to beat her there by taking Perrault, Histoires ou contes du temps passé, avec des moralités: shorter path. Wolf mimics Red to get let in to Grandmother’s house, and Contes de ma mère l'Oye (Paris, 1697). eats her. Red arrives at house and comes inside to see Wolf dressed in  Kinder- und Hausmärchen, 1st ed. (Berlin, 1812), v. 1, no. 26. Grandmother’s nightgown. “Grandmother, what big teeth you have got!” Translated by D. L. Ashliman. “All the better to eat you up with!” Wolf eats Little Red Riding Hood.  A. H. Wratislaw, Sixty Folk-Tales from Exclusively Slavonic Sources (London: Elliot Stock, 1889), no. 15, pp. 97-100. Bare Bones Structures  Christian Schneller, "Das Rothhütchen," Märchen und Sagen aus Wälschtirol: Ein Beitrag zur deutschen Sagenkunde (Innsbruck: Human essence of this story Verlag der Wagner'schen Universitäts-Buchhandlung, 1867), no. 6, pp. 9-10. Translated by D. L. Ashliman. © 2007. Little Red Riding Hood reveals too much information to a stranger and she  Andrew Lang, The Red Fairy Book, 5th edition (London and New ends up getting eaten because of her naivety. Grandmother is also fooled by York: Longmans, Green, and Company, 1895), pp. 215-19. the wolf’s lies.  Croser, Nigel. Little Red Riding Hood. Words by Nigel Croser, illustrated by Leanne Argent (Flinders Park, SA, Australia: Era Publications, 2003). Bibliography of Variants (somewhat different from tale type) Plot  Conte de la mère-grand, from a website sponsored by the Bibliothèque  Innocent/naïve character. nationale de France. Translated by D. L. Ashliman. © 2007.  Sent on errand to help friend in need.  Beatrix Potter, The Tale of Jemima Puddle-Duck (New York: Frederick  Meets villain on journey. Warne and Company, 1908).  Reveals destination and other personal info to villain.  Calvino, Italo. "The Wolf and the Three Girls," Italian Folktales (New  Villain uses revealed info to take advantage of friend in need. York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 1992), no. 26, pp. 75-76.  Villain eventually deceives innocent/naïve character and kills/eats  The Rescue of Little Red Riding Hood: A Juvenile Operetta in Five Acts him/her. (Nashville: C. R. and H. H. Hatch, 1883).

EDRD 319 Spring 2011 158 Title The Emperor’s New Clothes  Trickster’s lie revealed by most innocent of town.  Hierarchy acknowledges shame, yet proceeds proudly. Motif Index K445. K445. The emperor‘s new clothes. An impostor feigns to make clothes for the emperor and says that they are visible only to those of legitimate birth. The emperor and courtiers are all afraid to admit that they Academic Sources cannot see the clothes. Finally a child seeing the naked emperor reveals the McDonald, M.R. The Storyteller's Sourcebook. Detroit: Gale Research imposture. Company, 1982. Tale Summary Thompson, S. Motif Index of Folk Literature. Bloomington: Indiana University Ruler only interested in clothes. Two tricksters enter city, offer to make Press, 1966. Ruler clothes of finest material imaginable. Material said to be so fine that Bibliography of Versions (close to tale type) it is invisible to those not worthy. Tricksters pretend to begin working, not actually making anything. Tricksters request gold and other treasures,  Henry Parker, Village Folk-Tales of Ceylon, volume 2 (London: Luzac horde the riches, and continue working on invisible garment. King sends and Company, 1914), no. 89, pp. 66-69. reliable others to view progress, none can see clothes, yet all lie to king for  Sheykh-Zada, The History of the Forty Vezirs; or, the Story of the fear of being revealed as stupid/unworthy. King wears invisible clothes, Forty Morns and Eves, translated by E. J. W. Gibb (London, 1886), leads procession through town. Civilians praise clothes; young child pp. 148-149.  Charles Swynnerton, Indian Nights' Entertainment; or, Folk-Tales proclaims that King isn’t wearing any clothes. Civilians realize boy is correct, from the Upper Indus (London: Elliot Stock, 1892), no. 22, pp. 56-62. King proceeds more proudly through city.  Peters, Stephanie True, Jeffrey Stewart Timmins, and H. C. Andersen. The Emperor's New Clothes: the Graphic Novel. Bare Bones Structures Minneapolis, MN: Stone Arch, 2010. Print. Human essence of this story Bibliography of Variants (somewhat different from tale type)

Proud/arrogant hierarchy is tricked and made vulnerable. People pretend  W. Carew Hazlitt, Shakespeare Jest-Books: Reprints of the Early and Very Rare Jest-Books Supposed to Have Been Used by Shakespeare to believe in something obviously false out of fear/pity of the oblivious. The (London: Willis and Sotheran, 1864), p. 23. idea that it is better to be wrong as a group than correct and alone.  Charles Swynnerton, Indian Nights' Entertainment; or, Folk-Tales from Nakedness represents complete vulnerability. the Upper Indus (London: Elliot Stock, 1892), no. 22, pp. 56-62.  G. Djurklo, Fairy Tales from the Swedish, translated by H. L. Brækstad Plot (Philadelphia and New York: J. B. Lippincott Company, 1901), pp. 78-84.

 Selfish hierarchy.  Tricksters take advantage of hierarchy’s blind selfishness.  Tricksters lie to get what they want.  Others go along with lie to keep hierarchy content.  Hierarchy presented in front of whole town. EDRD 319 Spring 2011 159 Title The Fox and the Crab Academic Sources

Motif Index K10. K10. Athletic contest won by deception. McDonald, M.R. The Storyteller's Sourcebook. Detroit: Gale Research Company, 1982. K11.2. K11.2. Race won by deception: riding on the back. One contestant Thompson, S. Motif Index of Folk Literature. Bloomington: Indiana University rides on the other’s back. Press, 1966. Tale Summary Bibliography of Versions (close to tale type)

Arrogant wolf annoyed by Crab’s greeting. Crab declares himself cleverer  Gottfried Henssen, "Der Fuchs und der Krebs," Volksmärchen aus Rheinland und Westfalen (Wuppertal-Elberfeld: Druck und Verlag A. than fox, faster than fox. Decide to race, loser pays the price. Crab gives fox Martini & Grüttefien, 1932) pp. 87-88. head start and grabs onto fox’s tail. Fox turns around at the finish line, crab  Elsie Clews Parsons, "Tales from Maryland and Pennsylvania," The jumps off, and declares victory. Journal of American Folklore, vol. 30, no. 116 (April - June 1917), p. 209. Bare Bones Structures  Constance Frederica Gordon Cumming, At Home in Fiji (New York: A. C. Armstrong and Son, 1883), p. 346. Human essence of this story  William Alexander Clouston, Popular Tales and Fictions: Their - The character that is slow and humble uses cleverness to outwit the Migrations and Transformations, vol. 1, (Edinburgh and London: arrogant and faster character. The underdog defies his William Blackwood and Sons, 1887), pp. 268-69. predetermined fate and succeeds where he shouldn’t.  Otto Sutermeister, "Der Fuchs und die Schnecke," Kinder- und Plot Hausmärchen aus der Schweiz (Aarau: H. R. Sauerländer, 1873), no. 60, p. 188.  Small/big, fast/slow, modest/arrogant  Fast character demeans slow Bibliography of Variants (somewhat different from tale type)  Slow declares superiority over fast in cleverness   Fast denies slow’s claim, demeans slow again A. M. A. Cox-Leick and H. L. Cox, "Frosch und Schnecke," Märchen der Niederlande (Düsseldorf and Cologne: Eugen Diederichs Verlag, 1977),  Slow challenges fast to competition no. 65, p. 214.  Slow offers head start, catches ride on Fast’s person  Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm, "Der Hase und der Igel," Kinder- und  Slow rides fast all the way to the end, jumps off before finish Hausmärchen, no. 187.  Fast turns around to admire success  Joel Chandler Harris, Uncle Remus: His Songs and His Sayings (New York  Slow proclaims victory, fast is dumbfounded and outwitted and London: D. Appleton and Company, 1928), no. 18, pp. 86-91. First

published in 1880.  Elsie Clews Parsons, "Tales from Maryland and Pennsylvania," The Journal of American Folklore, vol. 30, no. 116 (April - June 1917), p. 214.  Ambrose Bierce, Fantastic Fables (New York and London: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1899), pp. 176-77.

EDRD 319 Spring 2011 160 Title The Emperor’s New Clothes Bibliography of Versions (close to tale type)

Motif Index J2312  Anderson, Hans Christian.  Baldassi, Deborah, and Nigel Croser. The Emperor’s New Clothes. Tale Summary Rich emperor loves new clothes. Two weavers trick emperor  Perry, Dave, and Jean Perry. The Emperor’s New Clothes. into buying their magic fabric. They weave him an outfit that nobody can Bibliography of Variants (somewhat different from tale type) see. The emperor ends up walking through his procession naked in belief that he is wearing magic clothes, and the weavers get away with all of his  Hazlitt, W. Carew. Shakespeare Jest-Books: Reprints of the Early and Very Rare Jest-Books Supposed to Have Been Used by Shakespeare. money, gold and silk cloth. London: Willis and Sotheran, 1864. p. 23. Bare Bones Structures  Parker, Henry. Village Folk-Tales of Ceylon, volume 2. London: Luzac and Company, 1914. no. 89, pp. 66-69. Trickery, and the wise and the foolish  Swynnerton, Charles. Indian Nights' Entertainment; or, Folk-Tales from the Upper Indus. London: Elliot Stock, 1892. no. 22, pp. 56-62. Plot  Zada, Sheykh. The History of the Forty Vezirs; or, the Story of the Forty Morns and Eves. London: 1886. pp. 148-149.  Rich man loves clothes  Hires weavers to make clothes out of magic fabric  Fabric could only be seen by those who are smart and fit for their positions  Many people sent to see progress, and lied saying they could see it  Rich man walks through the streets naked  Weavers get away

Academic Sources

McDonald, M.R. The Storyteller's Sourcebook. Detroit: Gale Research Company, 1982.

Thompson, S. Motif Index of Folk Literature. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1966.

EDRD 319 Spring 2011 161 Title The Town Mouse and the Country Mouse Bibliography of Versions (close to tale type)

Motif Index J211.2  Jacobs, Joseph. The Fables of Aesop. New York: Schocken Books, 1966. no. 7, pp. 15-17. Tale Summary A mouse from a town goes to visit his cousin who lives in the  Fontaine, Jean de La. Fables, book 1, fable 9. country. The country mouse offers all the food he has to the town mouse.  Gaster, M. Rumanian Bird and Beast Stories London: Folk-Lore Society, The town mouse doesn’t like the bad food and takes his cousin back to town 1915. no. 105, pp. 311-312. with him. While enjoying a nice feast the mice get chased by two dogs, and the country mouse decides to return to the country where he is safe. Bibliography of Variants (somewhat different from tale type) Bare Bones Structures  Foresman, Scott. Time for Fairy Tales Old and New. 1952. Predator/Prey  McClure, Amy A., and Donna E., Norton, and Saundra E. Norton. Through the Eyes of a Child: an Introduction to Children’s Literature: Volume 1. 2003.

Plot

 Two animals, one from the country and one from the town  The town animal visits the other, and doesn’t like the food  Both mice go to town  They have a nice feast  The mice get chased by dogs  The country mouse decides to return home

Academic Sources

McDonald, M.R. The Storyteller's Sourcebook. Detroit: Gale Research Company, 1982.

Thompson, S. Motif Index of Folk Literature. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1966.

EDRD 319 Spring 2011 162 Title Beauty and the Beast Bibliography of Versions (close to tale type)

Motif Index D735.1  Barbot de Villeneuve, Gabrielle-Suzanne. Four and Twenty Fairy Tales: Selected from Those of Perrault and Other Popular Writers. London: G. Tale Summary A merchant went out on a trip and promised to bring his Routledge and Company, 1858. pp. 225-325. daughters presents when he returned. He picks a rose for his youngest  LePrince de Beaumont, Jeanne-Marie. This is the classic version of the daughter on a strangers land. The merchant is ordered by the beast that story, first published in 1757. inhabits the land to bring his daughter so that she may be held captive. In  Jacobs, Joseph. Europa's Fairy Book. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, being held captive in the magical house the youngest daughter falls in love 1916. no. 5, pp. 34-41.  Webster, Wentworth. Basque Legends, 2nd edition. London: Griffith and with the beast. When she declares her love for him the beast turns into the Farran, 1879. pp. 167-72. handsome young prince that he once was, and then the prince and Bella get Bibliography of Variants (somewhat different from tale type) married.  Bay, J. Christian. Danish Fairy and Folk Tales. New York and London: Bare Bones Structures Harper and Brothers, 1899. pp. 14-20.  Colshorn, Carl, and Theodor. Vom klinkesklanken Lowesblatt. Hannover: The appearance of people Verlag von Carl Ruempler, 1854. no. 20, pp. 64-69  Grimm, Jacob, and Wilhelm Grimm. Children's and Household Tales -- Plot Grimms' Fairy Tales. 7th ed. Berlin, 1857. no. 88.  A man goes on a trip  Sutermeister, Otto. "Der Bärenprinz," Kinder- und Hausmärchen aus der  In finding presents for his daughters he picks a rose Schweiz. Aarau: H. R. Sauerländer, 1873. no. 37, pp. 112-15.  The man is ordered by a beast to bring him his youngest daughter  Zingerle, Ignaz, and Joseph Zingerle. Die singende Rose. Innsbruck: Verlag der Wagner'schen Buchhandlung, 1852. no. 30, pp. 183-88.  The daughter is held captive

 The daughter falls in love with the beast  The beast is transformed into the handsome prince he once was  The prince explains his enchantment, and they get married

Academic Sources

McDonald, M.R. The Storyteller's Sourcebook. Detroit: Gale Research Company, 1982.

Thompson, S. Motif Index of Folk Literature. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1966.

EDRD 319 Spring 2011 163 Title Catching a Horse by its Tail Bibliography of Versions (close to tale type)

Motif Index B842.1. B842.1. Faithful old horse to be abandoned. B435.1.  Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm, Der Fuchs und das Pferd, Kinder und B435.1. Helpful fox. Hausmärchen, vol. 2 (1815), no. 46. In later editions this tale is number 132. Tale Summary Horse and fox trick another animal and tie them to the  P. C. Asbjørnsen, Fairy Tales from the Far North, translated from the horses tail. Norwegian by H. L. Brækstad (New York: A. L. Burt Company, n.d.), pp. 169-171. Bare Bones Structures  P. C. Asbjørnsen, Fairy Tales from the Far North, translated from the Norwegian by H. L. Brækstad (New York: A. L. Burt Company, n.d.), Human essence of this story pp. 169-171.  Joel Chandler Harris, The Complete Tales of Uncle Remus, compiled Need to please someone else. Element of danger by Richard Chase (Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1955), pp. 123-126. Plot  Folk Tales from China, second series (Peking: Foreign Languages Press, 1958), pp. 82-84. No copyright notice.  Leave home   Meet animal Bibliography of Variants (somewhat different from tale type)  Deceit  Wake up  Jean de La Fontaine (1621-1695), Fables, Book 12, fable 17. Translated  Ran Home by Walter Thornbury.  Il Novellino: The Hundred Old Tales (London: George Routledge and Sons, n.d. [1926], no. 94, pp. 199-200.

 J. F. Campbell, Popular Tales of the West Highlands (London: Alexander Academic Sources Gardner, 1890), vol. 1, pp. 286-287.

McDonald, M.R. The Storyteller's Sourcebook. Detroit: Gale Research

Company, 1982.

Thompson, S. Motif Index of Folk Literature. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1966.

EDRD 319 Spring 2011 164 Title The Man Who Became Rich Through a Dream Bibliography of Versions (close to tale type)

Motif Index N531.1. N531.1. Dream of treasure on the bridge. A man  Type 1645. Source: The Book of the Thousand Nights and a Night, dreams that if he goes to a distant city he will find treasure on a certain translated by Richard F. Burton (London: The Burton Club, 1885), bridge. Finding no treasure, he tells his dream to a man who says that he vol. 4, pp. 289-90. Translation revised by D. L. Ashliman. too has dreamed of treasure at a certain place. He describes the place,  Cyrus Adler and Allan Ramsay, Told in the Coffee House: Turkish Tales (New York: The Macmillan Company, 1898), pp. 35-42. which is the first man‘s home. When the latter returns home he finds the  Edwin Sidney Hartland, English Fairy and Other Folk Tales (London, treasure. ca. 1890), pp. 76-77.  Eliza Gutch, County Folk-Lore, vol. 2: Examples of Printed Folk-Lore Tale Summary about dreamers who seek treasure abroad but find it at Concerning the North Riding of Yorkshire, York, and the Ainsty home (London: Published for the Folk-Lore Society by David Nutt, 1901), pp. 408-409 Bare Bones Structures  Eliza Gutch, County Folk-Lore, vol. 2: Examples of Printed Folk-Lore Human essence of this story Concerning the North Riding of Yorkshire, York, and the Ainsty (London: Published for the Folk-Lore Society by David Nutt, 1901), Having little money, dreaming, fortune pp. 408-409  Sophia Morrison, Manx Fairy Tales (London: David Nutt, 1911), pp. Plot 1-2.  Lady Isabelle Augusta Gregory, Visions and Beliefs in the West of  Dream Ireland (New York and London: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1920), pp. 36-  Travel 37.  Search  Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm, Traum vom Schatz auf der Brücke,  Conversation Deutsche Sagen (1816/1818), vol. 1, no. 212.  Realization  Ignaz D. Zingerle, Sagen aus Tirol (Innsbruck: Verlag der  Return home Wagner'schen Universitäts-Buchhandlung, 1891), no. 624, pp. 353-  Treasure 54.  Bibliography of Variants (somewhat different from tale type) Academic Sources  Johann Nepumuk Ritter von Alpenburg, "Geträmter Schatz," Deutsche McDonald, M.R. The Storyteller's Sourcebook. Detroit: Gale Research Alpensagen (Vienna: Wilhelm Braumüller, 1861), no. 331, pp. 313-14. Company, 1982.

Thompson, S. Motif Index of Folk Literature. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1966.

EDRD 319 Spring 2011 165 Title Rapunzel

Motif Index R41. R41. Captivity in tower (castle, prison). K310. K310. Means Bibliography of Versions (close to tale type) of entering house or treasury D991. D991. Magic hair.  Giambattista Basile, The Pentamerone; or, The Story of Stories Tale Type  Rapunzel : a groovy fairy tale / retold by Lynn Roberts ; illustrated by David Roberts.New York : Harry N. Abrams, c2003 Man steals Rapunzel out of garden. Sorceress was angry and said he must  Falling for Rapunzel / Leah Wilcox ; illustrated by Lydia Monks.New York give her his first born child. Rapunzel locked in a tower. Climb up using her : G.P. Putnam's Sons, c2003. hair. Prince comes, climbs up her hair. Sorceress angry, cuts off hair and  Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm, Rapunzel, Kinder- und Hausmärchen hides Rapunzel in the forest. Prince jumps from tower, loses his eyes. Finds (Children's and Household Tales -- Grimms' Fairy Tales), 7th ed. (Berlin, 1857), no. 12. Rapunzel in forest.

Bare Bones Structure Bibliography of Variants (somewhat different from tale type)  Theft  Thomas Frederick Crane, Italian Popular Tales (London: Macmillan and  Sorceress angry Company, 1885), pp. 26-30.  Birth child  Andrew Lang, The Grey Fairy Book (London: Longmans, Green, and  Trapped in tower Company, 1900), pp. 382-87.  Kings son  Dean S. Fansler, Filipino Popular Tales (Lancaster, PA: American Folk-  Cut hair Lore Society, 1921), pp. 355-59.  Deceit  Reunite

Human Essence

Stealing for own benefit, being afraid of someone, being locked up with no escape.

Sources

Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm, Rapunzel, Kinder- und Hausmärchen (Children's and Household Tales -- Grimms' Fairy Tales), 7th ed. (Berlin, 1857), no. 12.

Thompson, S. Motif Index of Folk Literature. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1966.

EDRD 319 Spring 2011 166 Title: The Pancake Boy Thompson, S. Motif Index of Folk Literature. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1966. Motif Index: Z33.1 The fleeing pancake. A woman makes a pancake, which flees. Various animals try in vain to stop it. Finally the fox eats it up. Bibliography of Versions (close to tale type)

Tale Summary  Christen, Peter, and Jørgen Engebretsen. The runaway pancake. Larousse & Co, 1980. Print. Family in cottage makes a pancake. The pancake rolls out of the pan as the  Lithgow, John, and Jack E. Marsupial Sue presents the Runaway family chases it. The pancake continues to roll and meets different animals Pancake. Simon & Schuster Children, 2005. Print. along the way. Each animal asks to eat the pancake however; the pancake  Mackinnon, Mairi. The Runaway Pancake. Usborne Pub Ltd, 2006. continues to roll away. A pig meets the pancake and convinces him to go in Print. the forest where he eats the pancake. Bibliography of Variants (somewhat different from tale type)

Bare Bones Structures  A., Eric. The runaway tortilla. Winslow Pr, 2000. Print.  Chang, Ying. The Runaway Rice Cake. Simon & Schuster, 2001. Print. Human Essence: The pancake in the story is given human like qualities  de, Dianne, and Marita Gentry. The Cajun Cornbread Boy. Pelican which are atypical for a pancake. This story is found entertaining due to the Publishing Company, 2009. Print.  unlikely behavior the pancake displays. Ginsburg, Mirra, and Joseph Anthony. Clay Boy. Greenwillow, 1997. Print. Plot  McCafferty, Catherine, and Doug Bowles. The Gingerbread Man. Brighter Child, 2002. Print.  Cumulative tale  Pomerantz, Charlotte. Whiff, Sniff, Nibble, and Chew: The Gingerbread  Pancake rolls away from family so it is not eaten Boy Retold. William Morrow & Co, 1984. Print.  Meets characters along the way  Sawyer, Ruth. Journey Cake, Ho!. Turtleback, 1970. Print.  Henny Penny, Goody Poody, Ducky Lucky, Goosey Poosey, etc.  Shulman, Lisa, and Rosanne Litzinger. The Matzo Ball Boy. Puffin Books,  Pancake meets pig who convinces pancake to roll into forest 2007. Print together  Takayama, Sandi. The musubi man: Hawaii's gingerbread man. Bess Pr  Pancake jumps onto pigs snout and gets eaten Inc, 2007. Print.

Academic Sources:

Bryan, Lorinda. The pancake boy: an old Norwegian folk tale. Putnam Pub Group, 1988. Print.

McDonald, M.R. The Storyteller's Sourcebook. Detroit: Gale Research

Company, 1982.

EDRD 319 Spring 2011 167 Title: There Was an Old Lady Bibliography of Versions (close to tale type): Motif Index: Z49.14 The little old lady who swallowed a fly. She swallows a spider to eat up the fly, a bird to eat up the spider, a dog to eat the bird, a  Bernard, Nadine, and Mary Ann. I Know an Old Lady Who Swallowed a cow to eat the dog. “The little old lady swallowed a horse--she died, of Fly. LB Kids, 2003. Print.  Holmes, Jeremy. There Was an Old Lady. Chronicle Books Llc, 2009. course.” Print. Tale Type:  Rounds, Glen. I Know an Old Lady Who Swallowed a Fly. 1991. Print.  Taback, Simms. There was an old lady who swallowed a fly. Viking An old woman consumes odd animals and continues to grow larger and Childrens Books, 1997. Print. larger. Throughout the story it is assumed that the woman will die. The old woman continues to swallow more animals in hopes of catching the fly that Bibliography of Variants (somewhat different from tale type): was swallowed first. Several characters are mentioned however when it gets to the largest animal; the horse, she dies of course.  Colandro, Lucille. There Was an Old Lady Who Swallowed a Bell!. Cartwheel Books, 2008. Print. Bare Bones Structure:  Colandro, Lucille, Jared D., and Jared Lee. There Was an Old Lady Who Swallowed a Chick!. Cartwheel Books, 2010. Print. Human Essence: This story has been retold for many years due to its comical  Garriel, Barbara. I Know a Shy Fellow Who Swallowed a Cello. Boyds and highly unlikely plot. The old woman continues to grow larger in order to Mills Pr, 2004. Print. make room for larger animals however, this is an impossible task.  Jackson, Alison, and Judith Byron. I Know an Old Lady Who Swallowed a Pie. Puffin, 2002. Print.  Cumulative Tale  Sloat, Teri, and Reynold Ruffins. There Was an Old Lady Who Swallowed  Old woman swallows fly, but we don’t know why a Trout!. Owlet Paperbacks, 2002. Print.  She swallows the ______to catch the ______.  Thomson, Pat. Drat that fat cat!. 2004. Print  First swallows fly then spider, bird, cat, dog, cow, and last is the horse.  When she swallows the horse she died of course

Academic Sources:

McDonald, M.R. The Storyteller's Sourcebook. Detroit: Gale Research Company, 1982.

Thompson, S. Motif Index of Folk Literature. Bloomington: Indiana University

Press, 1966.

Adams, Pam. There Was an Old Lady. Child's Play International, 2007. Print.

EDRD 319 Spring 2011 168 Title: The Princess and the Pea Thompson, S. Motif Index of Folk Literature. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1966. Motif Index: H41.1 Princess on the pea. Princess recognized by her inability to sleep on bed which has a pea under its dozen mattresses. Bibliography of Versions (close to tale type):

Tale Type:  Campbell, Ann, and Hans Christian. Once Upon a Princess and a Pea. Stewart Tabori & Chang, 1993. Print. Prince longs for a princess, but cannot find what he is looking for. On a  Cech, John, and Bernhard Oberdieck. The Princess and the Pea. Sterling stormy night a princess shows up at castle gates looking for a place to stay. Pub Co Inc, 2007. Print. Queen puts a pea under 19 mattresses to determine if she is a real princess  Child, Lauren, and Hans Christian. The princess and the pea in miniature: then questions how she slept the following day. Princess responds she slept after the fairy tale by Hans Christian Andersen. Hyperion, 2006. Print. terribly as the bed seemed rock hard. She is then recognized as a true  Christian, Hans, and Dorothée Duntze. The princess and the pea. NorthSouth, 1995. Print. princess.  Isadora, Rachel. The Princess and the Pea. Puffin, 2009. Print. Bare Bones Structure:  Rodgers, Mary, Jay Thompson, Dean Fuller, and Robert H. Once upon a mattress: vocal selections. Hal Leonard Corp, 1981. Print. Human Essence: The human essence of this story is the comical way which  Vaës, Alain, and Hans Christian. The princess and the pea. Little Brown & the princess as recognized. It is very unlikely that an average person could Co, 2001. Print. feel a pea under 19 mattresses however, a princess can.

 Tests/Recognition  Prince searches for princess Bibliography of Variants (somewhat different from tale type):  Princess shows up in rain storm  Queen questions whether she is a real princess  Campbell, Ann, and Hans Christian. Once Upon a Princess and a Pea.  Princess must pass test Stewart Tabori & Chang, 1993. Print.  A pea is placed under 19 mattresses  Carson, Gail, Mark Elliott, and Hans Christian. The Princess Test.  If she can’t feel the pea she is not a true princess HarperCollins, 1999. Print.  Princess does not sleep well, passes the test  Grey, Mini. The Very Smart Pea and the Princess-to-be. Knopf Books for Young Readers, 2003. Print.  Johnston, Tony. The Cowboy and the Black-Eyed Pea. Puffin, 1996. Print. Academic Sources:  Modarressi, Mitra. Monster stew. Dk Pub, 1998. Print.  Perlman, Janet. The Penguin and the Pea. Kids Can Pr, 2006. Print. Eisen, Armand. A Treasury of Children's Literature. New York, NY: Houghton Mifflin Books for Children, 1992. 290-291. Print.

McDonald, M.R. The Storyteller's Sourcebook. Detroit: Gale Research Company, 1982.

EDRD 319 Spring 2011 169 Title: The Indian Cinderella Academic Sources

Motif Index Numbers and Descriptions Thompson, S. Motif Index of Folk Literature. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1966. A2762.1 Why aspen leaves tremble D1981 Certain persons invisible Bibliography of Versions (close to tale type) K1911.3.3.2 False bride fails when magician tests her K2212 Treacherous sister  Afanas’ev, Aleksandr. Russian Fairy Tales.  Boucher, Alan. Mead Moondaughter and Other Icelandic Folk Tales. L32 Abused youngest daughter London: Rupert Hart-Davis, 1967 L102 Unpromising heroine  Chase, Richard. Grandfather Tales: American English Folk Tales L162 Lowly heroine marries prince  Dawkins, R. M. Modern Greek Folktales. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1953 Tale Summary Bibliography of Variants (somewhat different from tale type)

Indian warrior is looking for a wife. He is known as Strong Wind, the  Villa, Susie Hoogasian. Cinderella. 100 Armenian Tales. Detroit: Invisible because he can make himself disappear when he wants to. Women Wayne State University Press, 1966. try to become his wife, but always lie and fail. A chief’s youngest daughter  Jacobs, Joseph, ed. The Cinder Maid. European Folk and Fairy Tales. is treated poorly by her two sisters and then goes to become the warrior’s New York: G. P Putnam's Sons, 1916.  Basile, Giovanni Batiste. Cat Cinderella. Il Pentamerone, or The Tale wife. She tells the truth and succeeds. She ends up becoming his wife and of Tales. Sir Richard Burton, translator. London: Henry and living a nice life. Company, 1893.  Briggs, Katherine M., ed. The Broken Pitcher. A Dictionary of British Bare Bones Structure Folk-Tales in the English Language. London: Routledge and Kegan Plot Paul, 1970, 1971.

 Rich man seeking wife

 Power of invisibility  Women seek him but fail

 Poor girl seeks him  Treated badly by sisters  Passes the task  Becomes man’s wife

EDRD 319 Spring 2011 170 Title: The Do-All Ax Bibliography of Versions (close to tale type)

Motif Index Numbers and Descriptions  Briggs, Katherine M. A Dictionary of British Folk-Tales in the English Language. 4 vols. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1970-71. D806 Magic object effective only when exact instructions for its use are  Courlander, Harold. The Hat-Shaking Dance and Other Tales from followed Ghana. D1601.14 Self-chopping ax  Dorson, Richard. American Negro Folktales. Greenwich, Conn.: D1711.0.1 Magician’s apprentice Fawcett Publications, 1970. J2411.4 Imitation of magician unsuccessful; person does self injury Bibliography of Variants (somewhat different from tale type)

 Lindell, Kristina, and Jan-Ojvind Swahn and Damrong Tayanin, eds. Folk Tale Summary Tales from Kammu II: A Story-Teller's Tales. London and Malmo: Curson Press, 1980. An old man had an ax that was magical. He would take it out to the field  Grimm, Jacob and Wilhelm. The Complete Fairy Tales of the Brothers and sit in a rocking chair as it chops and plows and plants corn and picks the Grimm. Jack Zipes, translator. New York: Bantam, 1987. corn when it’s done. He also sings a song when he wants it to stop or  Gonzenbach, Laura. Beautiful Angiola: The Great Treasury of Sicilian Folk change what it is doing. Another man has always wanted the ax so one day and Fairy Tales Collected by Laura Gonzenbach. Jack Zipes, translator he goes and takes it and tries to do the same thing as the old man, but he and editor. New York: Routledge, 2004. didn’t know all of the songs so he couldn’t get it to stop. In the end, the ax  Crane, Thomas Frederick. Italian Popular Tales. Boston: Houghton ends up disappearing and no one has any idea where it went. Now, people Mifflin Company, 1885. have to do their own farming the hard way.

Bare Bones Structure Plot

 Man owns a tool who has magical qualities  Tool works on the field  Man sings to it  Another man steals the tool  Tool works on his field  Can’t get tool to stop  Tool disappears

Academic Sources

Thompson, S. Motif Index of Folk Literature. Bloomington: Indiana University

Press, 1966. EDRD 319 Spring 2011 171 Title: The Three Billy-Goats Gruff Bibliography of Versions (close to tale type)

Motif Index Numbers and Descriptions  Degh, Linda. Folktales of Hungary. Folktales of the World Series. Chicago: University Press 1969 K551.2 Wait for the fat goat  Jones, Gwyn. Scandinavian Legends and Folktales, 1956. Bibliography of Variants (somewhat different from tale type) Tale Summary  Bushnaq, Inea, ed. and trans. Little Mangy One. Arab Folktales. New Three Billy goats wanted to go up the hillside to get themselves fat. They York: Pantheon Books, 1986. needed to cross a bridge where a troll lived under. The first gruff crossed  Degh, Linda, ed. Three Kids, the Billy Goat, and the Wolf. Folktales of and the troll was going to come eat him, but the gruff told him that they Hungary. Judit Halasz, translator. Folktales of the World. Chicago: second one was bigger. The second one told him that the third one was the University of Chicago Press, 1965. biggest. The third one comes along and tells the troll that if he comes up, he will poke his eyeballs out and crush him to bits and that is exactly what he did. Then he went up the hillside and the gruffs got fat.

Bare Bones Structure Plot

 3 animals want to go get food  Need to cross a bridge  Some creature lives underneath bridge and wants to eat the animals  The animals just put it off to the next one coming along  Final animal kills the creature  All three animals go get their food

Academic Sources

Thompson, S. Motif Index of Folk Literature. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1966.

EDRD 319 Spring 2011 172