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Addition to the (Araneae) Fauna of the Ivano-Rybalchansky Part of the Chernomorsky Nature Reserve N. Yu. Polchaninova

In 1986-1990, the method of pitfall traps was used by the employees of the nature reserve when monitoring invertebrates of the Ivano-Rybalchansky part. As a result, a numerous material was collected which gave us an opportunity to identify 124 spider species, and determine their abundance, seasonal dynamics, habitat preference, etc. (Polchaninova, 1977). However, this data does not give an overview of a total araneafauna since by pitfalls, mainly surface-dwelling are caught. Therefore, we continued the spider research of this part of the reserve with net sweeping, hand collecting and quadrate samples. The use of these methods allowed us to enlarge the list with 67 species that completed in total 191. Pholcus ponticus Thor. Agalenatea redii (Scop.) Achaearanea lunata (Cl.) Araneus angulatus Cl. Euryopis saukea Levi. A. circe (Sav. et.Aud.) Latrodectus mactans (Fabr.) A. diadematus Cl. Steatoda castanea (L.) Araniella cucurbitina (Cl.) Theridion impressum L.K. Argiope bruennichi Scop. Th. simile C.L.K. Cyclosa conica (Pall.) Abacoproeces saltuum (L.K.) Gibbaranea bituberculata (Walck.) Erigone atra (Bl.) Hypsosinga pygmaea (Sund.) Lepthyphantes flavipes (Bl.) Larinioides cornutus (Cl.)1 Linyphia hortensis Sund. L. ixobolus (Thor.) Maso gallica Sim. L. patagiatus (Cl.) Minicia candida Denis Mangora acalypha (Walck.) Silometopus elegans (O.P.-C.) Neoscona adianta (Walck.) Stemonyphantes lineatus (K.) Singa lucina (Sav.et Aud.) Trichoncoides piscator Sim. S. nitidula (C.L.K.) Tetragnatha dearmata Thor. Zilla diodia (Walck.) T. extensa (L.) Pardosa italica Tong. T. montana (Sim.) Agelena gracilens (C.L.K.) Zelotes gracilis (Canestr.) Dictyna arundinacea (L.) Philodromus aureolus (Cl.) Oxyopes heterophthalmus (Latr.) Ph. histrio (Latr.) Cheiracanthium erraticum (Walck.) Thanatus striatus C.L.K. Ch. mildei L. K. Tibellus oblongus (Walck.) Ch. pennyi (O.P.- C.) Misumenops tricuspidatus (Fabr.) Ch.punctorium (Villers) Runcinia lateralis (C.L.K.) Clubiona frutetorum L.K. albus (Walck.) C. neglecta O.P.-C2. piger (Walck.) C. pallidula (Cl.) Xysticus cristatus (Cl.) Drassylys vinealis (Kulcz.) X. striatipes L.K. Micaria rossica Thor. Aelurillus v-insignitus (Cl.) Phaelocedus braccatus (L.K.) Euophrys frontalis (Walck.) Scotophaeus scutulatus (L.K.) Heliophanus flavipes (Hahn) Marpissa radiata Grube 1 erroneous identification. The material belongs to L. suspicas (O.P.-C.) (NP, pers. comment, 2011) Myrmarachne formicaria (De Geer) 2 erroneous identification. The material belongs to C. pseudoneglecta Wunderlich (NP, pers. comment, 2011) In this local fauna, 30 species (16%) falls to the share of Linyphiidae. This is the most numerous family of Palaearctic, preferring high latitudes. In the steppe zone from the North to South, a decrease of the Linyphiinae subfamily and its stipulation by the Micryphantinae can be observed (8 and 22 species in our list, respectively). However, no one species of this family is numerous. Gnaphosidae is on the second place (29 species, 15%), that is typical of the steppe zone, Lycosidae, Salticidae (21 sp., 11 %) and Araneidae (19 sp., 9 %) following it. First two families dominate in the litter; the other two make up the main part of spiders in the herbage. Philodromidae and Oxyopidae occur often in the ‘kolki’ (see explanation in the table 2) and un- mowed meadow; while Theridiidae is numerous in the steppe. The less number of spiders was recorded in the steppe and saline marshes (table 2). In the reed bogs in spite of the absence of the herbage and litter layer the araneofauna is richer. The most abundant is the fauna of the steppe kolki. The dominants are: Araneus diadematus, Philodromus aureolus, Larinioides patagiatus in the tree layer; Carrhotus bicolor, Heliophanus cupreus Evarcha arcuata, Tibellus oblongus, Oxyopes lineatus, Mangora acalypha in the grass layer. Yllenus vittatus, Cheiracanthium pennyi, Theridion impressum, Th. simile, Heliophanus lineiventris prefer steppe biotops, while H. flavipes, Runcinia lateralis, Oxyopes heterophthalmus, Argiope bruennichi, Neoscona adianta are numerous in all habitats. A mean number of spiders in the herbage of all habitats do not differ significantly (table 2). The mowed meadow is exclusion, as spiders leave this plot after haymaking and have not restored the previous number till the end of the season. However, in May-June, before mowing, they are as abundant as in the other plots.

Table.1 Relative abundance (%) of dominating spider families in the herbage of various habitats. Kolki –small natural forest stands (oak, beech and/or aspen) in landscape depressions, often with a reed bog inside. Habitats Families Steppe Mowed Un-mowed Kolki meadows meadows Araneidae 35 33 35 39 23 43 21 10 Salticidae 17 11 15 10 Oxyopidae 9 6 11 16 Theridiidae 10 1 2 2 Philodromidae 3 4 11 12

Table 2. Species richness and seasonal mean number of spiders in the main habitats Specimen number Species Habitats Herpetobium Hortobium number spec. / m2 spec / 10 trap-days spec. / sample Steppe 61 29,0 1,9 21,5 Mowed meadows 83 21,0 4,7 12,3 Un-mowed meadows 106 78,5 5,6 24,0 Saline marshes 68 4,2 2,0 -- Reed bog banks 77 6,4 11,3 – Kolki 121 124,2 14,0 25,5

In the herpetobium, spider density fluctuates considerably (table 2). It is the lowest on the bare soil of saline marshes and reed bogs, and the highest in the kolki, where the deep litter produces more stable microclimatic conditions. In the meadows, an undoubted dependence of spider communities from the mowing regime is being observed. In the mowed plots and steppe habitats the microclimatic conditions are similar, that stipulates comparable spider density. In the un-mowed plots, it is closer to that of the kolki edges with high and dense herbage, and therefore it is much higher than in the previous plots. It is significant that an analysis of the dynamic density gives completely different results. The pairs of habitats by the number of spiders may be distinguished as follows: steppe – saline marshes, un-mowed – mowed meadows, kolki – reed bogs. It is based on the difference of ecological and age groups of spiders, collected by the two methods. In pitfalls, there are mature mobile Lycosidae and Gnaphosidae, Oxyptilla praticola (Thomisidae) and Agroeca striata (Liocranidae) in the beginning of the season, more males than females. By quadrate sample, less active juvenile and adult specimens were caught, first of all, Linyphiidae, Hahniidae, Theridiidae. The most numerous are Enoplognatha thoracica Hahn., Crustulina guttata Wid., Sitticus zimmermanni Sim., Euophrys spp., and Cercidia prominens Westr. They also may be collected by pitfalls, but not in abundance. References Polchaninova N.Yu. 1997. [Surface-dwelling spiders of the Ivano–Rybalchansky part of the Chernomorsky Reserve] // Kharkov Entomological Society Gazette. 5(1): 131–140. 4 [in Russian with English summary]