DOCSLIB.ORG

Three Generations of Human Rights of Women in the 20

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Three Generations of Human Rights of Women in the 20 THREE GENERATIONS OF HUMAN RIGHTS OF WOMEN IN THE 20TH CENTURY: AN ANALYSIS OF INTERNATIONAL LEGAL DOCUMENTS A Master's Thesis by SEVCAN BİRDAL Department of International Relations İhsan Doğramacı Bilkent Üniversitesi Ankara July 2014 THREE GENERATIONS OF HUMAN RIGHTS OF WOMEN IN THE 20TH CENTURY: AN ANALYSIS OF INTERNATIONAL LEGAL DOCUMENTS Graduate School of Economics and Social Sciences of İhsan Doğramacı Bilkent University by SEVCAN BİRDAL In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS in THE DEPARTMENT OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS İHSAN DOĞRAMACI BİLKENT UNIVERSITY ANKARA July 2014 I certify that I have read this thesis and have found that it is fully adequate, in scope and in quality, as a thesis for the degree of Master of Arts in International Relations. ------------------------------------------------------- Assist. Prof. Paul Andrew Williams Supervisor I certify that I have read this thesis and have found that it is fully adequate, in scope and in quality, as a thesis for the degree of Master of Arts in International Relations. ------------------------------------------------------- Prof. Norman Stone Examining Committee Member I certify that I have read this thesis and have found that it is fully adequate, in scope and in quality, as a thesis for the degree of Master of Arts in International Relations. ------------------------------------------------------- Prof. Turgut Göksu Examining Committee Member Approval of the Graduate School of Economics and Social Sciences ------------------------------------------------------- Prof. Erdal Erel Director ABSTRACT THREE GENERATIONS OF HUMAN RIGHTS OF WOMEN IN THE 20TH CENTURY: AN ANALYSIS OF INTERNATIONAL LEGAL DOCUMENTS Birdal, Sevcan M. A., Department of International Relations Supervisor: Assist. Prof. Paul Andrew WILLIAMS July 2014 This thesis focuses on the generations of human rights of women based on Vasak’s notion of three generations of human rights - in which the first generation rights refer political and civil rights; the second generation rights include economic, social and cultural rights while the third generation represents collective rights. To make a comparison between three generations of women’s human rights within the framework of 20th century international law, the thesis examines and analyzes plenty of international legal documents and reports of international conferences related with women’s rights throughout the century. This study emphasizes that when Vasak’s notion of three generations of human rights is applied to women’s rights in international legal documents of 20th century, the notion becomes more than a iii classification. Three generations of human rights of women reflects a real differentiation in terms of content, matter, priority, superiority and predominancy of the first generation to other two generations. Keywords: women’s rights, three generations of human rights, international law, international legal documents, 20th century iv ÖZET 20. YÜZYILDA KADINLARIN ÜÇ KUŞAK İNSAN HAKLARI: ULUSLARARASI LEGAL BELGELERİN BİR ANALİZİ Birdal, Sevcan Yüksek Lisans, Uluslararası İlişkiler Bölümü Tez Danışmanı: Yrd. Doç. Dr. Paul Andrew WILLIAMS Temmuz 2014 Bu tez, hususiyetle Vasak’ın üç kuşak insan hakları kavramına dayanarak kadınların kuşak haklarına odaklanmaktadır – bu kapsamda birinci kuşak haklar politik ve sivil hakları ima ederken ikinci kuşak haklar ekonomik, sosyal ve kültürel hakları kapsamakta ve üçüncü kuşak haklar kolektif hakları temsil etmektedir. Tez, 20. yüzyıl uluslararası hukuku çerçevesinde kadınların üç kuşak insan hakları arasında karşılaştırma yapmak üzere yüzyıl boyunca kadın hakları ile ilgili hazırlanmış olan pek çok uluslararası legal belgeyi ve uluslararası konferans raporlarını incelemiş ve analiz etmiştir. Bu çalışmada; 20. yüzyıl uluslararası legal belgeleri kapsamında, Vasak’ın üç kuşak insan hakları kavramı kadın haklarına uygulandığı takdirde, kavramın sınıflandırmadan daha öte bir hale geldiği vurgulanmaktadır. Kadınların üç v kuşak insan hakları; birinci kuşak hakların diğer iki kuşağa içerik, önem, öncelik, üstünlük ve hakim olma bakımından gerçek bir farkını yansıtmaktadır. Anahtar Kelimeler: kadın hakları, üç kuşak insan hakları, uluslararası hukuk, uluslararası legal belgeler, 20. Yüzyıl vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This thesis would not have been possible without the help and support of the kind people I have mentioned below. Above all, I am heartily thankful to Prof. Yüksel İnan whose support, encouragement, patience and guidance enabled me to develop a unique understanding of the topic. He has been much more than a supervisor to me whom I regard as the mentor and architect of my academic career. It was just a dream for me to have the opportunity to benefit from his knowledge of and experiences. I would like to express my gratitude to my thesis supervisor Assist. Prof. Paul Williams. Without his invaluable support and guidance this thesis would not have been completed. I am also grateful to Prof. Norman Stone and Prof. Turgut Göksu who generously accepted to participate on my thesis committee. Additionally, I am very grateful to Assist. Prof. Nur Bilge Criss for her fruitful evaluations of the thesis which helped me to improve my study. Apart from them, I would like to convey my thanks to my mother Şükran, my father Hasan and my little sister Sedef for their understanding, love and endless support. They always helped me get through this challenging process in the most positive way. vii I also would like to express my special thanks to my postgraduate colleagues and dear friends Çiğdem Öztürk, Fatma Yaycı, Gülhan Erdoğan, Hilal Dağ, Maria Nawandish and Müesser Yeniay for their kindness, friendship and endless support. My time in Bilkent became meaningful for me with their invaluable friendship. Finally I would like to thank Nimet Kaya who makes me feel at home. viii TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................... iii ÖZET ....................................................................................................................... v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ....................................................................................vii TABLE OF CONTENTS ......................................................................................... ix CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION .............................................................................. 1 1.1.The Problem ................................................................................................... 1 1.2. Research Question and Research Methods ..................................................... 3 1.2.1.Research Question ................................................................................. 3 1.2.2.Research Method ................................................................................... 3 1.3.Key Concepts ................................................................................................. 5 1.3.1. Vasak's Division: Three Generations of Human Rights ......................... .6 1.3.1.1. The First Generation of Human Rights ......................................... 7 1.3.1.2. The Second Generation of Human Rights .................................... 8 1.3.1.3. The Third Generation of Human Rights ..................................... 10 1.3.2. Women's Rights .................................................................................. 12 1.3.2.1. The Emergence .......................................................................... 14 1.3.2.2. Women’s Rights as Human Rights ............................................. 17 1.3.3. International Law ................................................................................ 20 1.3.3.1. Treaties - International Legal Documents in International Law .. 23 1.3.3.2. Human Rights in International Law ........................................... 24 1.4. Structure ...................................................................................................... 26 CHAPTER 2: FIRST GENERATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS OF WOMEN ........... 31 2.1. Introduction ................................................................................................. 31 2.2. Right to Political Participation ..................................................................... 32 ix 2.3. Freedom of information and the media ........................................................ 36 2.4. Slavery, Trafficking and prostitution............................................................ 38 2.5. Right to marry ............................................................................................. 41 2.6. Right to found a family ................................................................................ 49 2.7. Protection of Motherhood ............................................................................ 54 2.8. Gender Discrimination ................................................................................ .55 2.9. Conclusion ................................................................................................. .63 CHAPTER 3: SECOND GENERATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS OF WOMEN ..... .66 3.1. Introduction ................................................................................................ .66 3.2. Right to Access Food .................................................................................. .66 3.3. Right to Education ...................................................................................... .68 3.4. Social
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Towards a Global Pact for the Environment
    LawTowards Review a global vol. pact III, forSpecial the environmentissue 2017, pp. 123-130 123 TOWARDS A GLOBAL PACT FOR THE ENVIRONMENT Prof. univ. dr. Irina Moroianu ZLĂTESCU* ABSTRACT On the occasion of the UN General Assembly in New York on September 19th 2017, the French President Emmanuel Macron presented the draft of the Global Pact for Environment in front of Heads of States and Governments, representatives of the civil society and of the private sector, the 193 member states of the organization, in the presence of the UN Secretary General Antonio Gutteres and of the President of the French Constitutional Council, Laurent Fabius1. This pact, if adopted, will complement the legal building of the fundamental human rights norms created by Rene Cassin2, reinforced by Karel Vasak3 by creating the three generations of rights4. Each of these generations could now have its own Covenant. For the first two generations of rights, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights were adopted in 1966. For the third generation, this new Global Pact will come to cover the most part of rights. It will be the one that will lead mankind to "act for the planet, to act by law5”. The period following the creation of the United Nations Organization, the elaboration of the United Nations Charter and the adoption of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights is considered by the doctrine to be the contemporary era of human rights, characterized by the emergence of numerous regulations in the field of fundamental rights6.
    [Show full text]
  • DOCUMENT RESUME the Teaching of Human Rights. Report Of
    DOCUMENT RESUME ED 423 149 SO 026 811 TITLE The Teaching of Human Rights. Report of an international Seminar. (Geneva, Switzerland, December 5-9, 1988). INSTITUTION United Nations, Geneva (Switzerland). Centre for Human Rights. REPORT NO HR-PUB-89-3 PUB DATE 1989-05-00 NOTE 35p. PUB TYPE Collected Works Proceedings (021) EDRS PRICE MF01/PCO2 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Citizenship; Citizenship Education; *Civil Liberties; Foreign Countries; Freedom; Global Approach; *International Cooperation; International Relations; Nonformal Education; Teacher Education IDENTIFIERS *United Nations ABSTRACT The agenda for a seminar on teaching human rights for the seminar centered on presentations of three background papers. Topics covered at the seminar:(1) teaching of human rights through the training of law enforcement personnel, lawyers, judges, and consideration of international standards vs. actual institutional practice;(2) teaching of human rights to teachers at all levels, including those at police academies with attention .focused on questions of discipline(s), contents and methods; and (3) non-formal education and methods and their target groups-parents, religious leaders, labor union leaders, professional associations, and village councils, addressing the questions of individual and collective rights vs. duties, and inductive teaching (real-life situations) .Discussions followed the presentations and are reflected in this report. A roster of participants is listed. (LAP) ********************************************************************************
    [Show full text]
  • Manual on Human Rights in the Environment
    MANUAL ON HUMAN RIGHTS AND THE ENVIRONMENT COUNCIL OF E UROPE P UBLISHING French edition: Manuel sur les droits de l’homme et l’environnement – Principes tirés de la jurisprudence de la Cour européenne des droits de l’homme ISBN 978-92-871-7318-8 The opinions expressed in this work are the responsibility of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official policy of the Council of Europe . All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated, reproduced or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic (CD-Rom, Internet, etc.) or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or any informa- tionstorage or retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the Public Information and Publications Division, Directorate of Communica- tion (F-67075 Strasbourg Cedex or [email protected]). Illustrations: Alfonso de Salas Council of Europe Publishing F-67075 Strasbourg Cedex ISBN 978-92-871-7319-5 © Council of Europe, 2006, 2012 First edition, 2006 Second edition, 2012 Printed at the Council of Europe Contents ABBREVIATIONS . .5 PRELIMINARY REMARKS . .7 INTRODUCTION. .11 PART I: E XECUTIVE SUMMARY . .17 Section A – Principles derived from the European Convention on Human Rights . .18 Section B – Principles derived from the European Social Charter and the revised European Social Charter . .26 PART II: E NVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION PRINCIPLES . .29 Section A – Principles derived from the European Convention on Human Rights . .30 Chapter I: Right to life and the environment. .33 Chapter II: Respect for private and family life as well as well as the home and the environment . .43 Chapter III: Protection of property and the environment .
    [Show full text]
  • Conference on “Protecting Economic and Social Rights
    Strasbourg, 22 September 2014 CDL-LA(2014)010 Engl. only EUROPEAN COMMISSION FOR DEMOCRACY THROUGH LAW (VENICE COMMISSION) in co-operation with the SUPREME COURT OF BRAZIL CONFERENCE ON “PROTECTING ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL RIGHTS IN TIMES OF ECONOMIC CRISIS: WHAT ROLE FOR THE JUDGES?” Ouro Preto, Brazil 5-6 May 2014 CONSTITUTIONAL ENTRENCHMENT OF SOCIAL RIGHTS IN EUROPE: THEIR DEFINITION REPORT BY Ms Veronika Bílková Professor, Department of International Law Faculty of Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic Member of the Venice Commission, Czech Republic This document will not be distributed at the meeting. Please bring this copy. www.venice.coe.int CDL-LA(2014)010 - 2 - CONSTITUTIONAL ENTRENCHMENT OF SOCIAL RIGHTS IN EUROPE: THEIR DEFINITION Ever since the adoption of the UN Charter (1945) and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948), social rights1 have been an integral part of the universally recognized catalogue of human rights. Yet, the treatment of these rights at the national level has always revealed much more diversity than that reserved to civil and political rights. This applies both at the universal level and within more tightly-knit regional organizations such as the Council of Europe or, even, the European Union. Despite the claim that there is now “a European culture of social justice”,2 European countries reveal high heterogeneity in the way in which they regulate social rights in their domestic legal orders. This paper gives an overview of this heterogeneous regulation by focusing on three aspects thereof. These are the presence or absence of social rights in the constitutions of European countries, the way in which social rights are defined or conceptualized in these constitutions and the justiciability of social rights at the national level.
    [Show full text]
  • Human Rights and the Environment Queen Mary Studies in International Law
    Human Rights and the Environment Queen Mary Studies in International Law Edited by Malgosia Fitzmaurice, Panos Merkouris and Phoebe Okowa VOLUME 3 Human Rights and the Environment Philosophical, Th eoretical and Legal Perspectives By Linda Hajjar Leib LEIDEN • BOSTON 2011 This is an open access title distributed under the terms of the cc-by-nc License, which permits any non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. An electronic version of this book is freely available, thanks to the support of libraries working with Knowledge Unlatched. More information about the initiative can be found at www.knowledgeunlatched.org. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Leib, Linda Hajjar. Human rights and the environment : philosophical, theoretical, and legal perspectives / by Linda Hajjar Leib. p. cm. -- (Queen Mary studies in international law ; v. 3) Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 978-90-04-18864-8 (hardback : alk. paper) 1. Environmental law, International. 2. Human rights. I. Title. K3585.L445 2011 344.04'6--dc22 2010042485 ISSN 1877-4822 ISBN 978 90 04 18864 8 © Copyright 2011 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands. This work is published by Koninklijke Brill NV. Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Brill Hes & De Graaf, Brill Nijhoff, Brill Rodopi and Hotei Publishing. Koninklijke Brill NV reserves the right to protect the publication against unauthorized use and to authorize dissemination by means of offprints, legitimate photocopies, microform editions, reprints, translations, and secondary information sources, such as abstracting and indexing services including databases. Requests for commercial re-use, use of parts of the publication, and/or translations must be addressed to Koninklijke Brill NV.
    [Show full text]