Biomaterials
Biomaterials Lecture #4 Biomaterials “…systemically and pharmacologically inert substance designed for implantation within or incorporation with living systems.” (Clemson University Advisory Board for Biomaterials) Problem Area Examples Replace diseased or damaged part Artificial hip joint, kidney dialysis machine Assist in healing Sutures, bone plate, screws Improve function Cardiac pacemaker, intraocular lens Correct functional abnormality Cardiac pacemaker Correct cosmetic problem Augmentation mammoplasty, chin augmentation Aid to diagnosis Probes and catheters Aid to treatment Catheters, drains Biomaterials in Organs Organ Examples Heart Pacemaker, valves, total heart replacement Lung Oxygenator machine Eye Contact lens, intraocular lens Ear Artificial stapes, cochlea implant Bone Bone plate, hip/knee replacement Kidney Dialysis machine Bladder Catheter and stent Materials Materials Advantages Disadvantages Examples Polymers (nylon, Resilient Not strong Sutures, blood vessels, silicone rubber, Easy to fabricate Deforms with time hip & knee bearing polyester, PTFE, etc.) (creep), may degrade surfaces Metals (Ti and alloys, Strong, tough, ductile May corrode, dense, Joint replacement, Co-Cr alloys, stainless difficult to fabricate bone plate & screws, steels, Au, Ag, Pt, etc.) dental root implants, pacer and suture wires Ceramics (aluminum Very biocompatible, Brittle, not resilient, Dental, femoral head of oxide, calcium inert, strong in difficult to fabricate hip implant, coating of phosphates, carbon) compression dental and orthopedic
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