U'--' U - ti-i

REPORT

SETTING FORTH

Recommendations as to Policy, Legislation and Methods of Financing for the Preservation of the Water Supply Resources of the State of

TO THE

GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF MARYLAND

BY THE

Water Resources Commission of Maryland

January, 1933

Complyins with Chapter 247, Acts of the 1991 Session of the General Assembly of Maryland

'When the well's dry, they know the worth of water.' —Benjamin Franklin. ^ 805755

REPORT

SETTING FORTH

Recommendations as to Policy, Legislation and Methods of Financing for the Preservation of the Water Supply Resources of the State of Maryland

TO THE

GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF MARYLAND

BY THE

Water Resources Commission of Maryland

January, 1933

Complying with Chapter 247, Acts of the 1981 Session of the General Assembly of Maryland

'When the well's dry, they know the worth of water.' —Benjamin Franklin.

TABLE OF CONTENTS Page REPORT OF WATER RESOURCES COMMISSION OF MARYLAND- LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL 1 SUMMARY OF FINDING-S AND RECOMMENDATIONS 3 PROPOSED DRAFT OF LEGISLATION 5 DETAILED REPORT OF WATER RESOURCES COMMISSION OF MARYLAND— Introduction 11 Inventory of Water Resources 12 Future Requirements for Water Supply 15 Development of Water Districts 16 Present and Future Combined Uses of Water 19 Allocation of Surface Water Resources 19 Stream Regulating Necessity 20 Methods of Regulating Stream Flow • • • • 21 Variations of Flow in Maryland Streams 21 Quantity of Sewage 22 Necessity for Stream Regulation in Maryland 23 Stream Measurement 25 Present Administrative Control Over Water Resources 26 Present Administrative Control Over Water Supply Structures 27 Regulatory Procedures in Other States 30 Deficiencies in the Policy and Program of the State of Maryland with respect to Water Resources .- 33 Recommendations as to Program and Necessary Legislation 35 Acknowledgments 35 APPENDIX A— Inventory of Streams 39 APPENDIX B— Table 1—Public Water Supplies—Surface Streams 53 " 2—Sewage Discharges ., 55 " 3—Industrial Waste Discharges 58 " 4—Hydro-electric Plants 59 " 5—Steam Power Stations" 60 " 6—Dams for Industrial Uses other than for Water Supply and Hydro-electric Power 61 7—Summary of Uses of Surface Streams in various Drain- age Basins 63 " 8—Underground Water Supplies in Maryland 71 9—Summary of Uses of Surface and Underground Waters.. 73 " 10—Stream Gaging Stations in Maryland 74 " 10A—Additional Stream Gaging Stations in Maryland 75 " 11—Present and Future Combined Usage of Streams in Mary- land 76 " 12—^Variation of Run-off in Maryland Streams 77 13—Variation of Run-off in Maryland Streams 78 APPENDIX C— Location and Nature of Water Uses on Streams In or Contributing to Maryland 79 APPENDIX Water Resources Control in States—Indication of Pertinent Legis- lative Authority 83 APPENDIX E— Financial Statement 91

THE ADVISABILITY OF CREATING A WATER RESOURCES COMMISSION IN MARYLAND, VESTED WITH THE NECESSARY POWER FOR THE PRESERVATION, ALLOCATION, CONTROL AND REGULATION OF SURFACE AND UNDERGROUND WATER RESOURCES OF THE STATE OF MARYLAND.

LETTEE OF TEANSMITTAL.

To THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF MARYLAND, Gentlemen:—During the Session of 1931 of the General Assem- bly of Maryland, an Act was passed, Chapter JSTO. 247, providing for the establishment of a Water Resources Commission of Maryland, charged with the duty of reviewing the underground and surface water resources of the State of Maryland and of formulating a plan for the preservation, allocation, control and regulation of such water supply resources for the maximum public benefit, safety and use.

The Commission, having been duly appointed, entered upon the duties required by the Act, and in accordance therewith has the honor to submit herewith to your honorable body the results of its labors.

It likewise attaches a draft of such legislation as it deems neces- sary for the accomplishment of the purposes contemplated by the law under which it is acting.

WATER RESOURCES COMMISSION OF MARYLAND,

ABEL WOLMAN, Chairman,

F. H. DRYDEN,

THOMAS W. KOON,

E; B. MATHEWS,

RICHARD MOMMERS,

ROBERT B. MORSE,

PHILIP B. PERLMAN. January 10, 1933.

REPORT OF THE WATER RESOURCES COMMISSION OF MARYLAND.

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS.

1. Maryland's fresh-water rivers and smaller streams now supply approximately 1,240,000,000 gallons of water per day. Of this amount, 252,000,000 gallons per day are used for public water sup- ply, 59,000,000 for industry and 928,000,000 for steam power sta- tion use. Less than 14,000,000 gallons per day are obtained from underground sources.

2. By 1950, approximately 1,580,000 people within the State, and 800,000 elsewhere (practically all within the District of Colum- bia), or a total of 2,380,000 persons will require water. Their public •water supply demand will be in the neighborhood of 350,000,000 gallons per day. Their probable minimum total requirements, in- cluding industrial and steam power station uses, will be 1,500,000,000 gallons per day in 1950.

3. The State of Maryland has established no policy and passed no laws with respect to the conservation, allocation or regulation of water supply uses, either as to priority, purpose, period, place or quantity of use. Although the State, in principle, owns all of the waters within its borders, their uses have not been pursued with any underlying principle of public benefit in view. The practice has been largely determined by chance, with the results at times contrary to public benefit.

4. The streams of the State are highly variable in flow and with few exceptions no effective regulation of their discharges has taken place. The absence of regulation has resulted in hazards of flood and of drought. Examples of objectionable and costly results of non- regulation are cited on the Susquehanna River, the , the Patapseo River, the Patuxent River, Seneca Creek, , Rock Creek and Northwest Branch.

5. The State of Maryland' has established no long term policy for the gaging of the flows of its streams. Its operations have been discontinuous, intermittent and haphazard. The necessity of con- tinuous, long term, elementary book-keeping of stream flows, one of the richest resources of the State, cannot be overemphasized. •suiBp jo uoisiAJadns aq^ IOJ puB SUISBS inB8J^s jo ^innp -rcoo JOJ gpiAoid o^ puB 'ja^BAi jo asn jo ^pnBnb pnB aoB^d 'pouad ^gsodind '^uoud aip pj^uoo oj 'iCoipd noi^BAjasnoo JS^BAV B ajB^ -irauoj o; siaAiod ^BjanaS q^m 'puB[XjBj\r jo uoissiunnoQ saojnosajj j:a^ByV\ ^uanBinJad B-JO noi^B8J0 aq^ spnaraxnooai uoissiraraoQ aqj^

•KOUNaKRYLKOOKK

•paqsi^qB^sa naaq ^ou SBq ifonaSB HB qons qoiqA\. HI Xqntioo sxq^ ni sa^B^s Aiaj aq; jo ano si puB^JBpf -jfyiadcud pnB aji|' J0 noi^oni!jsap qorun q^tAi aiaqAiasp pnB puBj -£my[ m pasdB^oo aABq sraBp %VT{% ^OBJ aq^ jo a^ids ui-'surepjo noi^ -oru^snoD aq; SntsTAiadns jo pttB ttSisap aq^ SUI/AQIAQI JO pa^Sajap si 3[SB^ aq^ qoiqii o^ pnB^j[Bj\[ jo a^B^g aqj ni s^sixa'XonaSB o$[ -Q PROPOSED DRAFT OF LEGISLATION.

A BILL

ENTITLED An Act to declare the policy of the State to control, so far as prac- ticable, the appropriation or use of surface and underground waters of the State; to control the construction, reconstruction and repair of reservoirs, dams and water-way obstructions in any of the waters of the State; to create the Water Resources Commission; to employ such persons, engineering, clerical or otherwise, as may be required, in the performance of its duties and in the exercise of its powers; to devise and develop a gen- eral water resources conservation program for the State; to pro- vide for hearings, upon applications for permits and to grant permits to appropriate and use the waters of the State or to con- struct, reconstruct or repair reservoirs, dams and water-way ob- structions; to investigate or examine any existing reservoir, dam or water-way obstruction; to make such rules and regulations and issue orders proper for enforcing the purposes of this Act; to provide for appeals from any determination of the Commission, and for penalties for violating its orders and the provisions of this Act.

SECTION 1. B& it enacted by the General Assembly of Maryland, That, in order to conserve, protect and utilize the water resources of the State, in accordance with the best interests of the people of Mary- land, it is hereby declared to be the policy of the State to control, so far as practicable, the appropriation or use of surface and under- ground waters of the State. It is also declared to be the policy of ths State for the purpose of promoting the public safety and welfare, to control and supervise so far as is practicable, the construction, reconstruction and repair of dams, reservoirs and all other water- works in any of the waters of the State.

SEC. 2. And be it further enacted. That the Water Eesources Com- mission is hereby created. The Commission shall consist of the Chief Sanitary Engineer of the State Department of Health of Maryland, the Chairman of the Public Service Commission of Maryland, the State Geologist, and two other members to be appointed by the Gov- «rnor. The two members appointed by the Governor shall serve for terms of four years, except that one of the two first appointed shall serve for two years, and his successor for four years, so that the term of one of the two appointed by the Governor shall expire bien- nially. The terms of those first appointed by the Governor shall begin on the first day of June, 1933. In case of a vacancy, the 'f 861 'l ^Bn -UBJ^ no eouaistxa ui 9sn jBinopied Am oj X[ddT? ^i tIBqs JOU. f^ipd 'lomnra XHB JO s^trnj ^oi^dBaSoaS oq; ni^iM. Sni^BuiSuo asodjnd luv JOJ aajUAY jo osn aip oj ao 'suos^ad ©Aij-^naM} itBqV ssai arai^ XUB ^B SuiAjas sosodjnd opsainop aoj J9;BA\. JO ©SIX QI^; o^ XfddB oj patu^suoo 9q nBr[s nopoag stq^j ni Suiq^Ojyj; .-uoissiuimoo oq; o; jojajaqj uoi^ -BOi^dB UO^IJM. nodn 'paure^qo AfsnoiAaid 'SuyiJuiL ui 'tioissiuiraoo sgojnosojj J^B^ aq; jo ^tuuad .to ^UOSUOD oq^ ;noq^m' 'pntioiSjopun JO aoBjjns 'a^-B^g.eq^ jo SJO^BAV £UV osn M Q^BiidoiddB o; 'o^B'jg oq^ £ jo uoisiAipqns iBOi^ipd joq^o JO '^ipdioiunni ^anoo 'noi^BJodjoo oiiqnd JO o^BAud 'no^BioossB 'dtqsjgn^.iBd 'snos-rad JO uosjad Are 'joojoq; A'onaSB XUB JO a^g oq^ JOJ pjAVB[tm. oq j[Bqs qi 'f gQi 'i XreniiBjp JO^JB puB THOJJ ^Bqj, 'pdpmis MiyunJ. ji aq puy '-f -oag

•sjoAiod puB sai^np s^i jo ooireuuojjod oq^ ui HOIS -SIUIUIOQ saojnosajj J^-B^ 9q^ ^SISSB puB q^iAi 9;BJ9do-oo o^ pajogilp iq e ^9J9q 9JB pnB[X'jBj^ jo o;-B;'g 9q^ jo S9IOU9SB puB s^Btogjo 'spjBoq s\uam ^JBdop J9q;o ^y -^oy siq^ jgpun sai^np s^i nuojjgd o^ puB 'uiBjSojd B 9^B[mtiJOj cx( uop-Binjojui uraiotfjns q^uv ii gpiAOjd o^ XjBssaogu ui99p'A'Bra 51 SB o^-Bijg gqi jo saojtiosBj JO^BAV 9q; jo S9ipn;s pnB snoi^ -BSI^S9AUI 'sd-ein 'sXgAjns qons [^B 'gpBiu 9q 0% gsnBO JO 'Q^m o; paia -Aioduig pnB pozijoq^nB Xqgjoq si uoissimraoQ oqj, 'papiAOjd J9^JBIII -9J9q SB 's^IUIJ9d J9q^0 ptlB JIOAJ9S9J 'uiBp (J9Ai0d J9;BA1 'j9^BAl JO Sni -nssi eqi ni noisstunnoQ oq; aping ^pjqs puB 'puB^JBj^ jo 9];do9d aqi jo ip* jo s;s9J9;ni ;saq aq; JOJ a^B^g aq; jo 'punojSjapun pire aoBjjns 'sja^BAA aq^ jo ^B jo^naindoiaAap puB HOI^BOO^B 'uo^BAjgsnoo jodojd 9q^ 9!jB[dina;uoo i{Bqs raBjSojd sxqj, •a^Bjg aq; JOJ uiBjSojd no^BAjas -uoo saojnosaj JB^BAV pjauaS B dopA9p puB asiAap ^Bqs UOISSIUHHOQ saojnosa'a Ja^B^ aq^ ^Bqj, 'pdpvud Miymj. ^1 dq puy -g -oag

"Ilia ?9Spng; aqq. in suopBijdojddB jo S;IIIII[ aq^ mq^iAi ^sasuQdxa XjBssaoan aq^ jnoni pire noi^BSnadinoD aq; ^Bd puB 'asiAv -jatpo JO pouap 'SuijaauiSna 'sjgAiod s-;i jo asiojaxa aq; ui pnB sai^np ' s^t jo aauBuuojjad aq; ui ^JBSsaaau aq JLVWL SB suosjad qons ifojduia o; pgjaAiodnia pnB pazijoq^n-e Xqajaq si uoissiininoQ aqj^ -snoisiogp pire sjapjo 'sSuiJBaq 'sSui^aain 'sSnipaaoojd s^i jo spjoogj a-^duioo pire ^nanBinjad daaif {[Bqs uoissinnnoQ aqj, -sjaqinain aajq; uBq; ss9|; ^on jo a;oA Snijjnouoo aq; Aq ssa[nn pasnjaj JO uajp; aq {["Bqs noipB on pnB 'innjonb B o^n^snoo \YS\S noissiintnoQ aq; jo sjaqraam aajqj^ •a;B;g aq; jo s;nani;jBdap Sni^sixa jo saoigo J9q;o XUB ni p9;BDO[ oq Rum. qoiqAi saorg:o niB^nrem: ^Bqs noissiunnoQ aqj^ -noissrarnioQ eq; jo nBnuiBqQ aq; 9;-BtiSisap n^1!8 JOUJ8AOQ aqj, ^ay siq; japnn sai;np Jiaq; jo aonBtnjojjad aq; in pajjnoui sasnadxa a^q^nosBaj JLws paMO^B aq nBtIs ^ip- ^f110! 'noi;Bsnadnioo ;noq;iAi aAias \\wo(3 sjaqraain jjy -nija; pajidxann aq; JOJ ;nain;nioddB .nB a^Bni {{Bqs JonjaAOJC) SEC. 5. And be it further enacted. That from and after January 1, 1934, it shall be unlawful for the State or any agency thereof, any person or persons, partnership, association, private or public corpo ration, county, municipality or other political subdivision of the btate, to construct, reconstruct or repair any reservoir, dam or water-way obstruction; or to make or construct, or permit to be made or con- structed, any change therein or addition thereto; or to make, or permit to be made, any change in, addition to, or repair of, any •existing water-way obstruction; or in any manner to change or dimm- ish the course, current, or cross-section of any stream or body of water, wholly or partly within, this State, except the tidal waters, without a permit from the Water Eesources Commission, in writing, previously obtained, upon written application therefor to said Com- mission. Nothing in this Section shall be construed to apply to any dam or obstruction which is five feet or less in height above the eleva- tion of the stream bed or water-way, nor shall it apply to any reser- voir with a storage capacity of less than one million gallons.

SEC. 6. And be it further enacted. That each application for a permit required by this Act shall.be accompanied by maps, drawings, and specifications of such proposed use or water-way obstruction, or of the said changes, additions, or repairs, proposed to be made, and such other data and information as the Commission may require.

SEC. 7. And be it further enacted. That as soon as convenient after the filing with the Commission of any application for a permit to appropriate or use any waters.of the State, or to construct or recon- struct or repair any reservoir, dam or water-way obstruction, in any waters of the State under the provisions of this Act, the Commission shall set a day for a public hearing upon said application. The applicant shall give notice to the public of such application and hear- ing, either in the manner prescribed by the Commission, or by publi- cation once in each week for two successive weeks prior to said hear- ing in a daily newspaper published in the city or cities, county or •counties, which the Commission shall determine may be directly affected by the proposed appropriation or use, or construction, recon- struction or repair. The County Commissioners of each such county, the Mayor or Chief Executive officials of each such city and the proper officials of any interested agency of the State, or political sub- division thereof, shall also be notified by the applicant by registered mail. In the public notice of such application, the date, • place and -time fixed by the Commission for the public hearing on said applica- tion shall be stated. At such public hearing, the applicant and any other interested person or corporation, municipal or private, shall be given an opportunity to present facts, evidence and arguments for or against the granting of said application. •uorssiniinoQ aq; Xq aoi^ou qons m paquosajd eq XBUI SB ami% QiqvuosvQj. qons niq;iAi itoi^|draoo o^ tpiM pspaaoojd pnB paouatnxnoo ©q a; jfjoAi qons fa.iinb8.i Aem 8SBO aqi jo saionsSixo 9q; SB 'enres 0q> aAoraej ao aiBdaa o; joaraq; sjauAvo JO jauMO aq^'^jt^on ^SupiJM ut '[p?qs uoissiramoQ aq^ 'jiBdajc jo ajqiidaasns ^ou puB ajBsnn Sniaq SB paAomaj eq ppoqs .10 '.iiBdai spaau JO ajBsun si uoi^oni^sqo ^BAi-ja^BM. JO niBp 'jtOAjasaj qons %VT\% auiuua^ap jpqs uoisstniniOQ a 8 0 m JI -p^^* • Ja;j:B9jaq JO Suijsixa /AOU ttopotu^sqo iiBAt-jajBAv JO Wp 'jioAjasaj XUB JO apBut aq 0; uoi^BuiinBxa JO noi^BSi^saAnt UB asneo o; jaAiod aABq ipqs noissiinutoQ aq^ 'aAi^Bi^iiii UM.O s^i nodn JO ^uiB[dnioo nodn ^Bqj^ 'pypvuv j,daip.nj. ji 9q 'puy Q -oag

•qsg jp a§BSSBd aq^ JOJ ap-sra aq p[noqs 'IUB JI 'suoisiAOjd ^nqAi. sJiJOAua^BAi jaq^o JO uiBp B JO noij -onj^snoD oq^ JOJ pajuBjS ^inuad qoBa ui Xjioads pus amnua^ap XBUI noissiintnoo aqj, •uoissirautoQ aq; Xq paqijosajd aq iCBin SB sjiBdaj JO 'euotfippB 'saSaBqo 'suorjoiuqstioD piBS aj pjBSaj q^m 'suoi^jnSaj pxiB sa^tu qons pire '^iinjad qons jo sno'i-joij^saj puB suoi^qriSaj 'snoi^ -ipnoo 'snua; aq; q^m eouBpjoooB m -jdaoxa 'uoipiu^sqo' ^BAi-jajuAi JO uiBp 'jioAjasaj XUB 'jiBdaj JO ;onj;snooaj JO 'noptppB JO aStiBqo AUB niSaq. JO a>[Bui o; JO 'uotpnj^suoo aq; uiSoq JO {onj^suoo o; JO 'a;B;g aq; jo sja;BAi £ws asn JO apqadojddis o; pijMBfun aq ^Bqs ;i -pnBi -XJBJ\[ jo afdoad aq; jo ajBj[aAi pire A;ajBS aq^ ajnsui o; puB a;B;g aq; ui {oj^noo jadojd aq; aAjasajd 0; Xj-Bssaoau ^[qBiiosBaj maap fam ;i SB uoi;onj;suoo qons jo poq;am JO asn qons jo jauuBia puB suBara ^nnoniB 'ja;oBJBqo aq; o; ^oadsaj q;iAv suop-BAjasaj puB suua; 'SHOT; -ipuoo qons joajaq^ ;UBJS aq; in apnpui VCBUI noissinratOQ aq^ 'uor; -onj;sqo XBAi-ja;BAi JO mrep 'jiOAjasaj A'UB JO uoi;-Bj'a;p' JO noi;onj;s -noa aq; JO 'ja;BAv jo noi^BijdojddB JO asn jfuBguizuoq^nB ;iTnjad XUB Sm;uBj2 uj -^ajBS pttB ajBjjaAi oi^qnd oq; p^ojd o; ijuaioigns sniaop ;i SB suB[d pasodojd aq; jo suopBOtjipoin qons ^saSSns ^Bni ;i "JO uoxi-eoijddB qons ;oa[aj £vui tioissiinraoQ aq^; ';saja;ui oqqnd ;saq aq; o; {B;uauiij^ap aq ^IAV JO 'a[qBor;oBjduii 'snojaSuBp' ^nja;sBAv. i a;BnbapBui si iioponj^suoo pasodojd aq; ^Bq; JO sja;BAi a;B;g jo asn JO iioi;BijdojddB pasodojd aq; ^Bq; '^i ajojaq aonapiAa eq^) niojj 'nomido aq; jo aq uoissirainoQ aq^ ji ;na; -s^Cqo asaqi jo uo^Bniq ( -inoo iCuB qsi{dinoooB o; JO tioi;onj^sqo A'BAi-ja^.M. JO 'uiBp 'jioijasaj ( pasodojd aq; jiBdaj JO ;onj;siiooaj ;oiu;suoo o; JO 'SJO^AV. aq!; asn 0% JO a;BijdojddB o; ;iinjad aq;; IUVJS [p?qs ;i ajBj[aAi oijqnd pjauaS aq; a;oiiiojd HIM. puB i!;ajBS oijqnd aAjasajd X!p;Bnf)apB ^m pun a;B;g aq^'jo sja;-BAi aq^ jo uorjBziipn aiqBOi^osjd ^sa;BajS aq; JOJ apiAOjd ;nBoi];ddB aq; jo suB[d aq^ 'paiBpap uiajaq saojnosaj ja^-BAi. s^i Sm -pjBSaj a;B;g aq^ jo Xoi[od aq^ jo aoirensjnd m 'qBq; qi ajojaq aonapiAa 8l 0 B P J Il mo*} noraido aq; jo aq [pqs uoissiuitaoQ aq; JJ -SUOI^BSI; -saAni a;BijdojddB jp aJiBin ^eqs pnB oi[qnd aq; o; sa§B;u'BApBSip pnB sa§B;uBApB aAi;oadsaj aq; jo ^B qSiaAi. j{Bqs uoissiininoQ aq; noi;Boi|d -dB AUB no Sm;oB ajojaq ^Bqj, 'pdpvua uwyMf yi 9q puy -g -oag' 9

SEC. 10. And be it further enacted. That the Commission shall prescribe a time limit of not more than two years from the granting of any permit in which time the construction, reconstruction or repair must be begun and/or the appropriation or use of water must be made. The Commission shall also prescribe a time limit of not more than five years to begin from the granting of any permit in which all construction, reconstruction or repair of reservoirs, dams, or water-way obstruction must be completed. Provided, however, that either or both of these time limits may be extended for good cause in the discretion of the Commission.

SEC. 11. And be it further enacted. That the Commission is here- by authorized and empowered to make such rules and regulations, and issue such orders as may be proper for effecting the purposes of this Act.

SEC. 12. And be it further enacted, That any person in interest may appeal from any determination of the Commission to the Circuit Court of any county or to the Circuit Court of Baltimore City,_ in the manner and mode prescribed by Section 404, et seq., of Article 23 of the Annotated Code of Maryland, for appeals from the Public Service Commission of Maryland; and all the provisions of law, so far as applicable, relating to appeals from the Public Service Com- mission to the Circuit Courts and to the Court of Appeals shall apply to appeals from the Water Kesources Commission.

SEC. 13. And be it further enacted, That any person or persons partnership, association or corporation, public or private, that shall do or cause to be done, any act or thing contrary to or required by the provisions of this Act; or that shall fail, neglect or refuse to do or cause to be done any act required by the provisions of this Act; or that shall violate or fail to comply with, any order of the Commis- sion of which due notice shall be given; or that shall violate any of the provisions of this Act, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor; and upon conviction thereof, shall be sentenced to pay a fine of not more than one thousand dollars, or, in the discretion of the court, such person or persons, or the members of such partnership or association, or the officers and directors of such corporation, public or private, as the case may be, sentenced to imprisonment for a period not exceeding one year, either or both, in the discretion of the court. In the case of the State or any agency thereof,, counties, municipalities, and other political subdivisions of the State, the officials responsible for the violation shall, after hearing, be subject to removal from office by the Governor of the State.

SEC. 14. And be it further enacted. That upon application of the Commission, verified by oath or affirmation, the Circuit Court of '8861 'l simp JafjB puB UKUJ ?09jg;a Qyv) ^Bqs ^oy siq; ^Bqj^ 'pdfovud ud^fdn/ pi 9q puy -gx -oag •'''

•pUBp&BJIjJ : jo e^B^g aq; jo SAiBj Sup'sixa XUB JOJ uopn^i^sqns ui ^ou puB o^ uoi^ippB ut si ^oy siq; ^BqjQ 'pdpvud uwiprnf ft qq puy -JJ -oag

•^osga puB aojoj jpj ni niBniaj {^qs ^nq '^qaiaqq p«jBpi[BAni aq ^bn • [[Bqs !)Dy aq^ jo japuiBinaj: aq^ 'pi^BAUi aq o^ ^oy siq^ jo noi^oas B' jid' - ^jBd JO uoi^oas ifnB aiBjaap pjnoqs noTgoipsunC •jua^adraoo jo ^jrido' ; XHB ^Bq^ ^naAa aq^ ni ^Bqj^ 'papmid MiipmJ. 11 dq puy 'Qi "oag :'

'^qSij pa^saA jaq^o JO tiBiJBdu' XHB jiBdrat o^ SB os panj^suoo aq ^t nuvp JOU i^oy siq^ jo suoistA- -ojd aq^ q^iAV ^ua^sisuooni ^ou S^OB JO s^isd JO ^DB XUB JO 'saji\^onjqs'' ja^BAi puB ja^BAi o% Sni^Bpi 'puB]XiBj\[ JO q^[B9jj jo ^uaui^jBda(j a^B;g aq^ puB 'noissiuitnoQ aoiAjag oijqnj aq; o; Sui^Bpj PUB^JBJ\[ 1 jo a^B^g aq; jo AVBJ £UTS ^Badai JO puaniB o; paru^suoo aq ;oy siq; ipqs J0£[ •puB^Bjij; jo a^B^g aq; jo SJO^BAV. aq; JBAO 'saioua§B pa;ri;;: -i;suoo A"|np s;t JO 'sa;B;g po?•£[ aq; jo ;uainnjaAOf) aq; jo noi;oip -siJtiC pjA\.B[ aq; jo asiojaxa aq; q;iAi ajajja;ni o; SB os panj;suoo aq jjBqs ;oy siq; ni Sniq;ou ;Bqii1 'pdfovua u^.m-f pi dq puy -gx 'oag

•noissiui:: -raoQ saojnosajj ja;B^ aq; o; psunoQ aq ^Bqs.puB[iCjBj\[ jo ^BjauaQ' jfenjowy aqj, ^oy siq; jo SUOISIAOJCI aq; joHm jo UOI;BJOIA pa;duia;' -;B JO noi;BpTA aq; TiiBj;saj: JO ';oy siq; jo snotsiAOjd aq; o; ;nBns ; -jnd apBia HOISSIHIHIOQ oq; jo 'iioi;BpiSaj JO a^ru JO 'aoi;on JO japj;o XUB 'jo noi;B[OiA aq; tiiBj;saj JO 'q;iAi aonBi];dinoo aq; aojojna 'uoi;'' -ounCui Xq 'ABUI 'i;inba m 3III;;IS '^iQ aJomiqBg; jo JO 'JC;IIIIOO '^ttB' ''•'•'. ' ••••-••* aj.an OT 11

DETAILED REPORT OF WATER RESOURCES COMMISSION OF MARYLAND.

INTEODUOTION.

The General Assembly of Maryland, sitting in regular session in 1931, had before it the disastrous results of the lack ai rainfall pf the 1930-1931 period and its damaging effects upon water supply uses •in the State of Maryland. Development of the water supply resources of the State always has been the concern of a few interested official and unofficial agencies, but the necessity of a crystallized State policy on this matter was never so clearly apparent until the serious diffi- culties arose from the drought. - " .. 5 A deficiency of rainfall in Maryland in 1930, amounting to almost 50 percent of the normal,, demonstrated, in harsher terms than ordi- narily, the necessity for some more effective form of regimentation.;qr regulation of surface and underground waters than had hitherto been available. The widespread existence of these obvious problems'gave rise to considerable discussion on the part, of interested individuals as to what procedure the State might logically pursue for the correc- tion or amelioration in the future of difficult water supply situa- tions. As a result of these deliberations, the Act known as Chapter 247, reproduced below, was passed by the General Assembly of 1931. The following report is herewith submitted in compliance with the direction of that body.

Chapter 247. ..A BILL ENTITLED " An Act to authorize the Governor of Maryland to appoint a commission of seven persons .to review the underground and. surface water resources of the State of Marylajid in order to determine upon the most effective plan to preserve and allocate such water supply resources for maximum public benefit and use; to study the problem of regulation of streams by storage reservoirs or other means; to survey the necessity for creat- ing water service districts; to review the present practices and future necessities in the location, design and construction of dams and reser- voirs; and to prepare and submit a report to the General Assembly of Maryland of 1933 embodying its findings and recommendations, includ- ing a legislative program, if such be found desirable in the light of the Commission's investigations. Section 1. Be it enacted by the General Assembly of Maryland, That immediately upon the passage of this: Act, the Governor, of Maryland is authorized to appoint a Commission to be known as the Water Resources Commission of Maryland, to consist of seven members. The Commission shall elect its own chairman and other necessary officers and staff. The members of the Commission shall serve without pay, but may designate such members of its staff for compensation within its budget appropriation as it may consider wise. ^moC a^ qSnoiq; saiio^naAui qons jo noi^BiBdsid at{^ JOJ QSUVXIV . 0} SBAV 'aaojojaij; 'j[S^^ ^sjg; s;j •puB^AiBjif jo saomosaa; ja^BAV punoiS -.lapun JO aoBjjns QTQ JLQV^IQ JO pa^stxa Xjo^naAui aAisuaqajdinoo on 'pa^BajD SBAV TiOTSsiniuioQ aip uaq^ "saomosoj; qons jo sasn pi|ua^od puB Sm^sixa aq^ auTuua^ap o^ si 'a;B;s B JO s^uaxnojinbai X!jddns ja^BAi jo AvaiAaj B §UT3[B^japnn XotraSB XUB JO siLiaauoo ;SJI); aq^ jo OUQ

•pa^tiasajd uiajaq osodjnd aq^ JOJ pa^B^ooun JO paja^BOS ^[snoiA -ajd uor^Binjojni ^uaui^jad jo ^unouiB ^SBA B ozi^i^n puB 'joa^oo o^ a[qB SBAV uoissiiniuoQ oq^ 's^uara^JBdap a^B^g sriiOiJBA Xq popjoj^B sai% . -TJIOBJ aq^ jo jps^t SUI^IBAB Xg •passnostp ajaAi. 'Suiuopoutij ^naio -iga ajoui JOJ papiAip SBAI noisstninioQ aqj qoiqAi. o;ui 'saa^iiuuioaqns snoiJBA jo s^jodaj aq^ qoiqAV ^B 'ppq Xpuanbasqns uooq aABq sSui^aain jo jaqratra y •UBTUJO^ I^Y 'uBinjiBqQ s^i s^ pa^oap ^i ainr^ qoiqAV W 'iSQl 'ZZ -laqraa^dag no Supaam ^sjg s;i ppq TIOISSIIUUIOQ aqj,

•uBuqo^ [aqy 'uBiuijaj -g; difiqj 'sAvaq^Bj^ -g pjBAvpg; 'asjo],\[ -g ^jaqojj 'U003; ^ seraoqj^ 'sjaunnoj\[ pjBqoiy; 'iiapAj(j 'jj SIOUBJ^

: uoissirauioQ saojnosa'jj Ja^B^ aq^ jo sjaquiaui aqj SB aAjas l 0} sjBnpiAipm SUIAVO^OJ aq; 'X86I lZ IsnSny uo pa^uioddB aiqo^iy; jomaAOJC) '^oy aAoqB aq-j jo suoisiAOjd oq^ q^iAi. eouBpjoaaB TIJ

'T86I 'LI IIJ^V paAoaddy TSei 'I STinf joa^a asiBj IIBTIS :pv sjm jBqx 'pajoBua jamanj ;i aq pny -f noijoag

•pnBiXaBiM jo a^B?s am jo saaanosaa Xiddns JB^BA am jo noi? -BAjasaad nnj am JOJ Smouunij jo spomara pnB uonBisiSai '^otiod o^ SB snop -•epuaniraooaj SJI IHJOJ Sup^ss ^jodaj B £g6l jo PUBIXJBM JO Xiquiassy TBja -naQ-aq} oj SnpiJAV. HI ^uasajd o} papaaip pnB paziJoq^tiB Xqajaq si uoissjni -nioo saoanosaH JajBjw aqj ?B^i 'pa?OBna jaq^jnj ?i aq pny •£ noipas

•spij^sip aoiAjas JB^BA Sni^Bajo JOJ X^issaoau aqj XaAjns oj : suBain jaq}0 JO sjioAjasaj aSBJOjs Aq SMOB raBaj^s jo nopBinSaj aqj JOJ UBid B pnaramooaj o^ Isaojnosaj Aiddns ja^BM oiiqnd iBpnajod puB iBn^oB jo IOJJUOD ajn^nj aq? JOJ ADjiod B pnsni -mooaj o^ Ispoop SUISBHIBP ^naAajd oj SB OS sjnainaAOjduii JBAU SmdojaAap JOJ 'AjBssaoau jt 'nBjd B pnauiniooaj oj IPUBIXJBM JO a?B}s am ui sjioAjasaj puB smBp Aiddns aayeM jo uononj^suoo puB nSisap 'noijBooi aqj jo UOISIA -jadns a^B^s jo inaxnqsjiqBjsa aqj JOJ 'AiBssaoan JI 'Aojiod B pttaniniooaj o? inonBonqnd puB Suipjooaj '^TiaraejnsBatn Aiou uiBajis JOJ uiBjSojd B JO ^nata -dojaAap aqj JOJ jsoo jo a^Brajisa tre ^iniqns pnB nBid B pnauitaooaj oj ipuBi -AJBIVI jo suazrip aqi jo asn pnB itjanaq tnnraixBta aqj JOJ PUB sasodjnd WB JOJ saojnosaj Aiddns ja^BAs. jo nop-BoonB PUB uonBAjesaJd aqj JOJ PUBIAJBH JO ajBjg ^m JOJ Aojiod B S-niqsiiQB^sa jo AiinqBsiApB am oj SB snonBpnam -mooaj asiBra o; ?i aiqBna ABHI SB pnBtAjBw: jo ajB^g am ut saojnosaj J^JB^.VI aDBjjns puB pnnojSjapun aqj jo Xpnis qons aiiBra 01 pa^oajip PUB pazij6m'nB' )•'•• jCqajaq si HOissintraoo PIBS iBqx 'pajowia jaq^jnj ;i aq pny 'Z nonoag

Zl 13 logical Survey and the Bureau of Sanitary Engineering of the State Department of Health of Maryland. Complete data as to existing uses of water have been accumulated. They are shown in Appendices A, B and C. Maryland's fresh-water rivers and streams provide water supplies _ for most of its communities west of the and in Cecil County, where underground conditions are such as to limit, as a gen- eral rule, the water obtainable from wells to quantities insufficient for public demand. Some of the: streams, and particularly several of the larger ones rather extensively, prove useful as sources of water supply for industrial works and steam power plants. They have been developed to a considerable extent, also, to provide water power for industries, including that of grist-mill operation, formerly wide- spread, but now greatly restricted. With a few notable exceptions, slight use.has been made of our watercourses for the hydraulic gen- eration of electric current for transmission. The streams of Maryland, in addition to furnishing water for public, industrial and power requirements serve as channels for the disposal, either with or without previous treatment, of the sewage , and trade wastes from all of its sewered communities not situated directly on or near the shores of the Chesapeake Bay or Atlantic Ocean.

Public Water Supply. Fifty-three public water supplies, including the emergency supply at Salisbury, are taken from the streams of this State. These serve 46 independent municipalities,' State institu- tions, camps and water districts in Maryland, and also the District of Columbia, and Piedmont, W. Va. The total population of the communities supplied is approximately 1,600,000, of which 1,100,000 persons live in Maryland. These 1,100,000 people constitute more than 67 percent of the population of the State, and the total number of persons supplied with public water from Maryland's streams is almost as great as the State's population. The water consumption of all communities securing their supplies from Maryland's streams approximates 235,000,000 gallons per 24' hours, 140,000,000 gallons of which are used within the State. The facts relating to surface public water supplies in Maryland are shown in Appendix B, Table 1, prepared by the State Depart- ment of Health. Of the systems tabulated only those of Baltimore and Washington are of large size. That of the Washington Subur- ban Sanitary District stands third, measured by population served. This system, together with those of Cumberland and Hagerstown, are of moderate proportions. All of the others, except those at Annapolis and Frederick, are small, each producing less than 1,000,- 000 gallons of water per day. Although underground sources of water supply are used to a large extent, about 87 supplies being now in service, they account for less OOO'OOO'SQS Smpaaoxa p^o^ B 'asn uopi^s .tOAiod uiBa^s JOJ suiBa.qs matj Tia^ JS^BAV GIJ; ^B isorajB saqsTtunj (ypQ-iQ nzB^^uy 'XjB^nqi.i^ •Sfi Snipnpm) JSAI^; OBUIO^OJ 9if| 'esn piJ^snput jo ssuo 9^ ut.sy

•'OO^'sge 'S9i|ddns ja^AV oi^qnd Ua^M. dn-9J[Bin jo Xup jgd sno[pS 005

TO-OJCJ igpuiuniai 9ip puB SUIB9JIS pTre^dn xnoaj TO^B} SI ag^BAi. Sin -poo puB Snisuopnoo aq; jo SUO|[BS OOO'.OOO'SSi, ^1^9^ 'dn-e^Bra; n jgpoq SB SUO^BS 000'X92'T ^ oqB puB sasodjnd Sni^ooo puB Srasuep QJOm 8Sn -TIOD MJ XBp jad ja^Bitt. jo SUO^BS 000'000'8S6 ^H* ''d H '99f'lLf P Al^dBo pa^B^sni UB q?m 'g^B^g siq? TII snoi^Bjs qons 9ApAV^ ^Bq^ spjooaj 'q^Bajj jo ^TOuxpBdgQ a^B^g sq^ Xq pgjBdajd x 'c a^qBx 'EE ipa8ddy -dn^Bui .tajioq JOJ s^unouii3 ^Bins XpAi^BiBd -taoo puB sasodjnd Sni^'ooo pun Smsuapuoo JOJ ja^BAV jo sai^r^uBnb QSI^I a.imb9j; s^uB];d i9Avod taBa^g 'saijddng uope^g WMOJ uiBa^g

•saiJ^stipui pUBp£lBJ\[ ui pasn ja^BAi aoBjjns Smurenrao: aq^ jo ^JBd aSjB{ B JCOJ ^unooDB aaAi^j- odsdis^B^ aqi Suop pa^un^is s;nB^d SUTJ^OBJUUBUI paaAag -puB^aq -umQ ^noqB /psora pa^BOOj 'saia^snpni Xq JaAij ^Bq^ UIOJJ ua^B^ si smoq fz -tad suojpS 00.0'OOO'tS ^V Q-1^.!?,^0? .Y '9^S ^ 1° •sai-iBpunoq aq; apisui a'sn pji^snpni JOJ ia^BAv jo ^i^uBnb ^saiBaiS -6 aq^ .IBJ ifq sai^ddns JaAiy; OBinajoj aqi sinBax^s aq^ n Snonry •gminia^gp o^ ^noiyip aJB qaiqiW jo saumjOA aq^ 'sja^BAV Sni^oop puB Snisuap -HOD jo s;unoiiiB aSjiq apnpui ^ou saop ;i asxiBoaq 'sasodind pij^sripui JOJ uaj[B^ X^BnpB ixmotcre. atp jo a^Bixii^sajapan UB /[pa^qnopun si ^j •uoijBimxoiddu jo spaau oq^ saAjas XjiBp SUO^BS 000'000'99 P a^nSg aq^ 'aSiBqosip ^SBAV pij^snpni jo pw aq^ uBq^ ajoui ^BqAiauios oj ffjnnoraB X^qBuoi^sanbun a^B^g aq^ jo sraB9j;s gqi iiio^ij s^naraajmb -aj pu^snpni JOJ na^ JB^BAI JO ^i^nBnb aq} qSnoq^^y -sasodjnd ^uasajd JOJ a;a[dino6 Xpnapigns si %n<{ 'si[JOAi' ^BIHS jo jaqxmiu v apnput ion saop nor^-BpqB^ siqx "sjnoq fz Jad SHO^BS 000'000'9S nBq^ axom o; ^unoinB pnB^XjB]i\[ ui s'^ire^d asaq^ niojj sa^sBAi pinbi[ aqq. ^Bq; spaAaj 'q^Bag; jo inanrjjBdaQ; a^B^g eq-; /q paqsiti-inj 'g o^qB^ 'a xipuaddy -sassaoojd SuiJivpBjnuBra ui ja^BAV Jiaq^ asn puB a^B^g aq^ jo SUIB9JC(S ja^BAV-qsajj aq^ jo jaqninu B j-eau pa^Booj; aABq spuij[ SUOIJBA jo saiJ^snpnj • JSAVOJ pue Xxtsnpiq JOJ Xjddng tave/A

•saojnos pimojSjapiin jo no^Bitiga.! 9q; apnpnx OSJB ppoqs sja^BAi. aoBjjns JOJ ajqBJisap pj^ -uoo epiAi-a^B^s jo UIJOJ XnB qSnoq^^B 'UIJB^B JOJ gstiBD e^Bipararai on sjajjo uor^Bn^is Xpldns ja^BAV pnnojSjapuu aq^ 'snoi^daoxa Aiaj q^ij^ •s^namqsijqB^sa joniin pnB sjooqos 'snoi^n^psni QI Snipnpni 'a^doad 000'OZl ^t^BraixojddB qsimnj sat^ddns ^ aqj, -a^B^g aq; ni pasn UBt ja^BAi. [B^ aq^ jo (jJBd ipjins ifjaA v '^Bp jad SUO^BS OOO'OOO'f I l»

fl 15

Water Power. With' the exception of the development on the Susquehanna River at Conowingo, with a capacity of 378,000 H. P., and that on Deep Creek, a tributary of the Youghiogheny River, having a capacity of 24,000 H. P., Appendix B, Table 4, prepared T>y the State Department of Health, shows that the total capacity of the other three hydro-electric plants in Maryland amounts to only about 1,360 H. P. Considering the possibilities, the streams of Maryland, with installations totaling 403,360 H. P., are used only to a slight extent for hydro^electric development. The Susquehanna River, however, has large water power plants in , at Holtwood and Safe Harbor. Much of the output at these two devel- opments, totaling an additional 405,000 H. P., is or will be trans- mitted into Maryland. On branches of the Potomac River in Penn- sylvania, and , moreover, there are a consid- erable number of comparatively small hydro-electric developments. In addition to the rather limited use of Maryland streams as sources of water power in connection with the generation of elec- tricity for transmission, they have been developed to a considerable extent, as noted previously, for furnishing water power used in the operation of manufacturing works and grist mills. Information concerning the total amount of this kind of power developed has not been sought.

FUTURE REQUIREMENTS FOR WATER SUPPLY.

Surface sources now furnish the water supply for the largest and most of. the rapidly growing cities of Maryland, as well as the popu- lous suburban sections near Baltimore and Washington. A substan- tial though slower growth in and around many of the smaller com- munities now so served is also probable. The rural sections, on the other hand, will probably continue to decrease in population,, as a general rule., Many small towns in the State do not now have public water systems, but can and probably will afford them, either throtugh municipal effort or private enterprise. Many of these towns are located in parts of the State where surface sources of water supply prevail. Scant excuse exists for the absence of water systems in such communities as Grrantsville, Clear Spring, Keedysville, Sharps- burg, Myersville, Jefferson, Woodsboro, Libertytown, ISTew Market, Sykesville, Elkridge, Damascus, Pcolesville, Germantown, Sandy Spring, Bowie, Marlboro, Indian Head, Odenton, Reisterstown, Glyndon, Cockeysville, Hampstead, Manchester and ISTorth East. All of the above-mentioned factors point toward the rapid expan- sion of public surface water supplies in Maryland. Probably, by 1950, from 75 to 80 percent of the total population of the State will be thus served. Estimating this population as 1,975,000 and using the higher percentage figure, we may expect the streams of 'SUIBUI noi^nqu^sip piiajJB puB ^ddns SB [pAv SB /S^JOAV Suiduind pire iioi^Bogimd 'ijddris jo uoriBOi^dnQ; -Tioi^nqij^stp puB A|ddns JQ^L.A •q^oq q^iAV uoipauuoo ui uopoB ^uioC ^q pajgpuaj eoiAjas iCjo^oBjs ^BS 3j.om piiB paABS aq XBIU asuadxa qonra 'STIMX^ J8SJB| puB sai^io aq^ jo ^IUIOIA aq^ ui ^sixa aoiAJas JS^BAV oi^qnd Suximbaj sai^iunrauioD pa^BJ -odioouiun puB pa^BJodjoauz q;oq 'piiBpC.iBj\[ ui SB 'aiaqAA. JO jaq^o qoBa UIOJJ saauB^sip ^joqs ^B pa;Boo| BJB sai^i[BdTOTunra ajagM

•£mvnb jouadns jo JB^BAV SuiniB^uoo staBaa^s puBjdn jo aouajsixa aq; puB ^la^BAi. s^i jo ssaupjBq aq^ 'a^SBAv pi^stiput puB aSBA\.as taoaj JQAIJ aqi jo noijn|[od SuiSBaJoni aq; sisBq s^t SB SBq noi^oipajd siqx •^i asn Avon sai^io qoiqAv uAvo^siaSBjj puB uo^SuiqsB^ ioj ^daoxa sasodjnd if^ddns JB^BAV otjqnd JOJ jaq^nj padopAap aq ^ou ^m ^qB -qoj;d poduaa^sa^ Avojaq JaAijj OBIHO^OJ; aq^ ^nq 'iqddns JB^BAV s^ajoxn -i^pg; q^iAV uoipauuoo m papaau aq XBUI 'am^nj ^uB^sip aq; ui 'JBAT'JJ BUUBqanbsng aqj^ •sipdBuuy SB JBJ SB sdBqjad Xpa^sBaq^nos puB eSpu^g; 0} Xpa^SBaq^ou iCjo^ijjaj aq^ ne q^iAV jaq^aSo; 'suojiAua s^t puB ;OU;SIQ; XLiB^TUBg uBqjnqng xio^SuiqsBj^ ^m 9AJas o; ^uarado -pAap ioj papuatmnooaj; X^SUOJ^S uaaq aABq sjaAijj ^uaxn^Bj aq^ puB B S8 jfaajQ Boauag ajiqAi. '^9n A ^^O S-ioar) aq^ JLOJ puB puB^aqranQ JOJ q^oq Ajddns jo aojnos B SB paipn^s uaaq ssq JaAijj aSBABg aqj^ •SJfaajQ OJBJO;OQ puB 'iaa(j 'Boauag puB 'aaAijj japAvodun-Q ap^i^j 'siaAiy; ^uaxn^Bj aq; 'jaAijj aSBABg aq^ apupui 'uoi^Bjapisuoo ^ijaut o; SB uouBjndod jo sja^uaa o; ;oadsaj q;iAi. pa;Bn;is os puB '^uara -dopAap k^ddns JB^BAV oi[qind JOJ pa^dBpB ipBJiuipB suiBaj^s ^uB^od -un ^Buopippy -puB^jaqumQ JOJ J[aaao S^IAJ UO puB ajoutppg J;OJ s^B^ jap^odun^) aq; jo qouBjg ^sa^ aq; uo pa;oru;suoo Suiaq BJB siioAjasaj aSBio;s aSjBq; uaAiy; BpsooBuy aip jo qouBjg ^saAvq^iojvj; puB 'jaAiy; jCoBaouoj\[ aq; jo saTJB;nqti; 'saqouBiq s;i puB JaAiy; oosdBpj aq; '^QdzQ m^R '^AX^ OBUIOPJ puB S^B^J japAvodunx) aq; ajB ^uasajd ;B A^ddns ja;BAv jo saojnos ;uB;jodmi ^soui aqj, •pauiB;;B aq %on pjnoAv qoiqAi. sainSg ui ^^nsaj XpBqo.id ppoAV os op o; ^duta;;B £ws puB 'ui^a^s qoBa uo spuBuiap aj;n;nj aq^; a;Buii;s9 a; QUII; siqi ;B QSUB ;OU saop UOISBOOQ 'sinBa^s jno JO iuBui uo saiOAJcasaj 9§Bia)s jo uoi;oni;suoo 0Aisua;xa ajoui aq^ a;B;issaDau HIM. puB aouB^ioduii IOCBUI jo auo uoos auiooaq ^IAV auo^B X^ddns oijqnd JOJ s^uauiaimbaj aq-; samp jps ^B para o; ja;BAA ^uaiogjns SuiuiB^qo jo raapojd aq-; ;Bq; 'aiojajaq^; 'juaiBddB st ;j •^Bp qoBa ja;BAv jo SUO^BS OOO'OOO -'092 ^'uoqB o; ;unouiB JJIAV uoi;Bpidod siq; JOJ s^uaraajmtaJ aqx IO 'OOO'OSg'S P WIW * • 'BiqranpQ jo ^OII^STQ; aq-; uiq^iAV i^s I^BOp -oBjd 'a.iaqAvasp 000'008 it8;Braixojdd-B jo asoq; SB \\Q^ SB 'a;B;g aq; ui ajdoad OOO'OSS'l P spaau eq; 'oSGI "T 'A^ddns o% puB[AjBj\[

91 17 is thus eliminated, competition for available sources of supply is avoided, and larger and more competent engineering and maintenance forces may be supported. Operation of large works, also, is muck less costly per unit of output than is that of small. By such action many communities, too small individually to provide water systems, may secure service. Water supply and distribution should be considered, generally, as a regional problem, rather than as one restricted to political bound- aries. Comprehensive water systems may result from the formation of so-called "water districts", the organization and activities of water companies, or the extension of a municipality's water pipes, under special agreement for service, -beyond the municipal boundaries. Local conditions govern the comparative desirability of regional water service control, whether it shall be under water district admin- istration, private management, or through extra-territorial expansion of a municipal system Water districts are not usually easy to.organ- ize because citizens do not react favorably to anything which savors of additional tax burden or benefit assessment,' although the cost of installation and operation of the service generally is lower than it would be under any other arrangement. They resent, also, the dele- gation . of authority to any except county commissioners, who ordi- narily do not interest themselves in such matters as water supply and distribution, or to mayors and councils, although the powers vested in water district boards are no more sumptuary than those granted without question to municipal authorities, and no greater than necessary for the proper administration of a water system. Obsessed by the fear "of economic burden and administrative oppression, either of which seldom materialize, many communities continue to exist either without the benefits of public water service or with inade- quate service rather than combine with neighboring communities in the formation of a water district. Therefore, it often happens that the organization of a water company, which would operate with- out the imposition of taxes and benefit assessments except for fire protection, would result in service to an area of composite political administration much more quickly than if steps were taken to form a water district; and perhaps popular satisfaction would be as great, although, the rates might prove even higher than total costs under public management. Municipalities and unincorporated communities situated in the vicinity of a larger city or town and served by its supply and distri- bution system are relieved of the difficulties of system installation and operation, but their citizens labor under the disadvantages of outside control, and service ordinarily costs more than within the boundaries of the municipality providing the system. Water districts have their origin either in general state legislation or under special legislative charter. An increasing number of •0£ -3.i3T^ SniuiB^.Tod noi}B[SiS9{ aATssira.igd jBjauaS ;o ^ugmpBtra Xq pa^. -TJIDBJ aq sjOTj^sip JQ^BAV jo tioi^BzniBSjo aq^ 'jBq; paS.in si ?i 'sai.iBp -unoq ^Boi^i^od jo noi^B^iraif ^noq^TAi seaa-B SuiJ9Aoa sma^SvCs .xa^BAV jo uoisira^xa puB IIOT^B^;SUI aq? qSnojq^ paniB.§ "aq o^ sa§B;nBApi3 aq^ JQ' MBTA uj -piBi a.iaAv samj Siiipaiinoo.ia^uT qoiqA\. Snop spBOJ aq^ JBair suoi^oas [B.in.x IOJ sapijiatf j 9[qBJisap apiAO-id osp pptOAi ^nq 'sai^innur -THOD sno^ndod ui aDiA.ias JS^BAV pna^xa ^TSSJS X[UO ^OII p[noAv sina^s.& .ia^BA\ oi^qod jBiioiSa.! aAisngqajduioa jo ^namqsi|q,B}S9 pjauaS 9qj^ •sing^sXs p9IIA\0 Xp^BA -ud .10 ^[oijqnd (jnioC qSnojq^ 'SHI^OB]; Avon si ^i gjgqAv aaiAjas uiB^qo p^noo 10 'aoiAjas J9^BAV jBoitnonooa ajoin puB .ig^^gq aAiaoa.i pjnoAi. pnB[/.iBj\[ jo sgijiiiiixmnoo pa^BJodjooninn piiB SIIA\O; aq^ jo X!IIBJ\[ •.fyunoQ ppntuy anny ni spu^sip jpins paqoB^ap |B0[9A9S JO pgsodrao* si ^OII^SIQ; X.iB^iuBg ^nnoQ ppnnjy gnny aqj^ -sapnnoQ s(aSjoa£> ooniij puB jC.iaino8}tioj\[ q^oq jo snopoas UBqmqns aq^ saaAOO ^OU^SIQ; X.iBi)iiiBg nBq.mqng no^SuiqsBj^ ai[j[ -spuoq aqj no saSjBqo paxij aqj. A^oqAi. JO XpiiBm ^aain o^ sanij JBAvas.puB JB^BAV §nop sa.3.iBqo •jgauaq JOOJ-^UOJJ pnnnB ssassB puB sasodjnd noi^onj^suoo JOJ spuoq UAVO' jiaq^ anssi spii^sip asaq^ jo ^y "spadsaj XIIBUI ui popuapt naAa- puB jBpuiis 9JB—-^OIJ^SIQ; 2jB^inBg ^unoQ ppunjy anuy aqj; pnB ^oij;si(j nB^ipdoj^aj\[ ^UTIOQ aaoraiqBg; gqj^ '^OIJ^SIQ; XjB^iuBg uBqjit -qiag uo^SuiqsBj^ gqj^—s^oij^sip 9S9q^ SniJ9A00 S^OB Sni^qBug aqj, •no^SniqsB^ puB aotonr "PlB9 -t^an sai^nnoo gq^ jo snoi^oas nBqjnqns aq^ ui siSBq a^qBSsassB puB nopB^ndod m q^Avoi§ 9{qBJ{JBra9J aq^ pa^Bjiiuiijs XpB9.iS SBq pnB a^qissod apBin snq aoua^sixa Jiaqx "^uaniaSiiBj.iB aaq^o XUB japnn X![^BOitnonoDa pnB XpAisna^xa os papiAOjd nagq aABq ^on pjnoo sapi qiOBj gsaqj, •sipdBnny JBan ^119^x9 .iass9j B 05 puB 'noijSniqsBj^ pnB ajorai^Bg; pnnojB snoi^oas UBqjnqns aq^ ni aoiAaas oSBiaMas pnB J9^BAV papna^xa XppiAV m pa^nsaa SBq 'gonBaaAasjad ^S9^B9JS aq^ jo asioiaxa' ja^jB jCjno ajqissod apBin 'aonasajd jpqj, ^sixa ad^ siq; jo spij^sip a^qB^on aajq^ 'pnB[^JBj\[ ni spi^sip .i9Avas pnB J^BAY JO ^ngniqsi]; -qB^sa aq^ 0; Sni^Bjao; S^OB SuijqBng jB.iangS jo 5[0B^ aq^ jo a^ids nj •aAisuaqaidraoo i!||Bnopdaoxa BJB pnB paiapisnoD' ^9AV nggq 9ABq spB pjangS 9q^ ssg^un spaan jBnpiAipni jgAOO 0^ g^qB -jisgp na^jo ajB s-ia^JBqo pioads ^nq '^ouanbajj Jiaq^ s9SB9J0ni pnB noi^BniJOj Jigq^ sa^B^i^iOBj ipB9.iS s^oi.i^sip J9Avas pnB ja^BAV q'joq jo jnannuaAoS pnB WH^BZIUBSJO aq; JOJ noipnBS aAi^jsiSaj ^Biana£) •Xpoq aAipa^si -ninipB pnB s^imij ];Biio^Tiaa; aniBS aq^ aABq spij^sip jaAvgs pnB J9^BAV na^jo pnB '^naraqsipB^sa jo spoqpni gniBS gq^ o] ^ogCqns gjB spu^sip igAvag -spu^sip ja^BAV jo noi^BzinB§io aq^ JOJ XaBSsaoan si noi^ -OB aAi'jBpiSa]; pioads sg^B^s jgqp nj -os op o^ gninugpp sapipoo]; jgAgjaqAi pnB jaAanaqAV noi^Bmioj jiaq^ Snmo^B pnB spu^sip ig^BAi j& noi^Bjado pnB ^nainqsi^qB^sa aq^ SninjgAoS SAVB^ pa^OBna gABq sa^B^s

81 19

PRESENT AND FUTURE COMBINED USES OF WATER:

Maryland's fresh-water rivers and smaller streams supply, at pres- ent, for public water supplies, industries, and steam power station requirements, approximately 1,240,000,000 gallons of water per day, Reference to Appendix B, Table 11, discloses that, of this amount, 252,000,000 gallons per day are used for public water supply, 59,- 000,000 for industrial use, and 928,000,000 for steam power station use. The total daily use from underground sources is slightly over 13,812,000 gallons per day, serving approximately 120,562 people on 87 supplies. While it is possible to estimate that the requirements for public water supply purposes only will be in the neighborhood of 350,7 000,000 gallons per day in 1950, no reasonably approximate figures for industrial and steam power station water supplies can be given. Increased industrial development along Maryland's streams appears likely if stream flows are regulated so as to supply sufficient quanti- ties of water at all times, and upon the expansion of industry as well as the growth of population depends the demand for power. We do know that many opportunities for increased production of hydro- electric power exist in this State. Some water power will be pro- duced in connection with the future construction of impounding res- ervoirs for public water supply purposes. The whole question of interrelation of growth of population, industrial -expansion,; and power demand is so intricate and founded on so many hypothetical possibil- ities that forecasts of what the future will bring would be meaning- less, particularly so in the absence of exhaustive inquiry. There is no reason to believe, however, that the total daily requirements in 1950 will drop below 1,500,000,000 gallons.

ALLOCATION OF SURFACE WATER RESOURCES.

With considerably more than a billion and a quarter gallons of water already being taken each day from the rivers and small streams of Maryland, and probably almost as much returned to them or to tide-water in the form of sewage, industrial waste, or condensing and cooling water, determination of the most favorable uses to which all of the streams may be put becomes an important public duty. The adjustment of future contention as to priority of use among com- peting public and private interests will consequently soon need atten- tion. The development of the surface water resources of Maryland, to keep pace fully with every possible demand as it appears, is unques- tionably desirable; but developments should not be allowed which will interfere with the highest use of a given stream, nor with those localities or parties having naturally the greatest present or probable •TiopBA.rasa.id-jjas jo ^soiii[B guo sai^iunrainoD AUBTO O^ pun -Cj|B.T9xi8.§ ooiiB^aodmt SuisGaioui jo uia^ •<[Oid v 'ajoja.igip 'autoosq SBIJ 'gona-unooo .iiaip jo spa^a arj^ Sniziur -IUIUI .10 JO^BAV AVO[ puB x{3iq jfjaA'issaoxa .§UI^BUIIUI|0 jo Qsodjnd aq^ JOJ 'Mop niB8j;s jo noi^B[iL§a}j -pasBajDni SBI{ 'atiop aSBuiBp aq? asiAi -a3[i{ puB 'jjo-unj inmniiniTn pnB rantnixBni uaaM-jaq aSnBJ auiaj^xs aqj s;sa.ioj jo uopBpnnap puB noi^Bpdod jo A^isuap SUIMOJS tpiAV •Sp.lBZBTJ XJB^IUBS e^inijap 'osp ^uasajd s^qSnaip puB spoo^j -s^JOAi IIOI^BOTJ -und ja^BAv JO sjojBjado o; ptre sjasn .iaqBAV pij;snpui o^ ainosa^qnoj^ 9A0jd qoiqAi. ^ipnb ja^BAV jo suoi^ipuoo eanpojd ue^jo Aioy MOJ puB qSiq jo saraaj-jxa ipog 'jaq!)o Qifi no UOI^BSIABU vfiiJA Xqnoijjip JCpnanbaij puB 'jnd^no jaAiod JG^BAV paqsiuiniip 'OSBA^QS JO uoi^Bpixo pnB uopn^ip Qvfl JOJ J&^BAV JO 5[OB^ 'X^ddns jaqBAi jo iCouaiogep puB 'puBq ano aij} uo eJiOAjesoj jo SUI^JIS pire spiiBjAvo^ ut spoop asnB» qoiqAV 'sAvop inBej^s ui SUOI^BTJBA Gnmjxa ni ^psaj s^qSno.ip paSuo]; -Ojd pUB Sui.IQAOD AYOIIS ^ABSq JO SlII^aHI pidB.I 'S[[BJXIIBJ 9AISS9DXg;

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OS 21

METHODS OF REGULATING STREAM FLOW.

Both, floods and extreme low water conditions may be effectively - checked through the construction of adequate impounding -reservoirs.' Where reservoirs serve primarily for flood control the water level m them should be kept ordinarily at a low point in order that sufficient capacity may be held available for storing that proportion of exces- sive run-offs which cannot be accommodated within brief periods of time in down-stream channels without causing overflow. Low water in such reservoirs is maintained during dry and moderately wet weather by the regulation of discharge gates in the impounding dam. Reservoirs installed for controlling floods do not generally accom- plish much in the maintenance of stream flow during droughts be- cause the water in them falls to a low stage during those periods. Where stream flows during dry weather do not suffice for public and industrial water supply or water power requirements, for dilu- tion of sewage or industrial wastes, or for navigation, the construc- tion of impounding reservoirs, in which the water level is kept as high as possible, and from which such quantities of water are drawn as will meet the daily dry weather demands, proves necessary. Such reservoirs, as well as reservoirs built for public water supply pur- poses, do reduce peak flood discharge to a considerable extent even though full at times of flood. The construction of Waste-ways and channel walls, the straighten- ing of stream channels, and the filling of low ground may lessen flood damage in restricted areas, but they do not reduce the magni- tude of run-off. Dredging is only of temporary value, especially where streams transport considerable quantities of silt. Forestation proves valuable in lowering flood peaks and minimizing soil erosion.

VARIATION OF FLOW IN MARYLAND STREAMS.

One has only to consider the wide range of flow constantly occur- ring in Maryland's streams to realize that the water resources of the State are developed and regulated to only a slight extent. The Patuxent River, Seneca Creek, Northwest Branch of the , Gunpowder Falls and the Potomac, Patapsco, Susquehanna and Monocacy Rivers are representative of Maryland's streams. Their run-offs are shown in Appendix B, Table 12. The data there given form the basis for the figures in Table 13, Appendix B, which serve to emphasize the extreme range of flow caused by variable weather conditions. These figures show that the maximum run-off of the streams under consideration is from 19 to 79 times the average, and from 287 to moire than 4,000 times the minimum. The smallest variation occurs on the Susquehanna River and the greatest on Northwest Branch, a small stream. The mini- mum run-offs, also, are only from 1.6 to 6.5 percent of the average; •saij^snpui puBpC.iBj\[ THOJJ se^sBM. JOJ SB 113A\ SB 'BTniSjI^ ^89^ pUB 'BIUlSlIj^ 'BIUBA^SUnOJ UI S9I^ -rannnnoD moij. spija^Bin esaq^ jo sai^uBtib 8|qBj;9pisnoo JOJ s^gpn'o gpiACid sauB^nqij^ s%i pnB OBUIO^OJ aqj, ^oj^ M.Q£[ puB BIUBA^S -nuaj m SUMO^ pnB sgi^to UIOIJ sa^SBAV iBi^snpni puB 9SBAI.9S JO SUOI% -nqiiiuoo QSJLVI sgAigogo; jgAiy; BtiuBqgnbsng avp. '.WAOQIOJ^ -X^i^nBtib pgraBii-^sB]; gq^ jo ^som 9AI909J sgiiB^nqu^ B^I puB J;9AI^[ OBIHO^OJ 0 sqj, -sxnBgj^s J9;BAI. qsajj ojni pgSjBqDsxp 9JB 'O00'88i/ J noT^B|ndod & B raojj 'snoops OOO'OOO'SSX m^ 'STHJB J9^BAV ^BS XaB^nqu; puB £VQ 92lB9dBS9qo o^ni Xpogaip ^gpno png '000'S2,8 jo iCp^BTnixojddB p Tio^Bpdod B raojj gui^Bnigtio 'SHO^BS OOO'OOO'SD *noqB '^i^nBtib SI^ JO •H:H«9H 1° *nara^Bd8(j g^B^g puBp-CjBj^ gq; Xq pgiBdgjd 13 'S siq !, ^ xipiraddy Xq nAvoqs SB '(9JBAiB[S(j m Mej B q^m jgq^gg -o») pnB^iBj^ jo SUAIO^ pnB sai^io 9q^ puB Biqnm^oQ jo ^OI^SIQ; gq^ n I 000'8I9'l ^p^mixojddB jo noi^Bjndod B UIOJJ SOTBOJ^S /jB^nqij^ s}i puB iCBg; 9J[B9dBS9q(3 o^ui ijiBp pgSaBqosip 9JB 'p9^B9^un ^i jo jpq uBq^ 9mm q^m <9SBM.8S JO suoj[vS 000'000'86T ^Btaixoaddy

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zz - • • 23

NECESSITY EOE STREAM REGULATION IN MARYLAND.

Except for a few impounding reservoirs built for municipal water supply, and still fewer for substantially increasing water supply for hydraulic power purposes, practically no construction affecting regu- lated stream flows has been accomplished in Maryland. Natural lakes and ponds do not exist. The following examples illustrate the need of adopting flow regulating measures in connection with at least a few of the more important streams; others might be cited with particular reference to the increase of municipal water supplies and the elimination of nuisance caused by the discharge of sewage.

Susqeuhanna River. Retention of water abo-ve the Conowingo dam coupled with extremely low stream flows during the drought of 1930-1931 caused such high salinity of the river water below that Havre de Grace was compelled to give up temporarily its public water supply obtained from the Susquehanna. Perry Point, for the same reason, abandoned the use of river water and developed new supply works on Mill Creek a small stream adjoining the reservation. Other communities may desire to obtain public water supplies from the Susquehanna in the future and industrial plants may locate on its banks where excellent rail, water and electric power facilities exist. While better sources of water supply for the near-by towns are available, and the City of Baltimore, if and when it does take water from the Susqeuhanna, should be able to secure it from the Conowingo reservoir rather than from the much lower level below,, nevertheless from the industrial standpoint, if from no other, the influence of brackish water from the Chesapeake Bay during dry periods should be reduced to the minimum. The City of Baltimore has protected itself in the above respect by the terms of an agreement formulated on March 26, 1925, with the company which developed the Conowingo project. This memorandum was filed with the Pub- lic Service Commission of Maryland before the permit for the project was granted.

Potomac River. Regulation of the Potomac's run-off is essential from the standpoints of municipal and industrial water supply and also the elimination of flood damage. The question of navigation above Georgetown has been brought into the picture, in addition,, through studies made by the War Department. Washington and Hagerstown use the Potomac River for public water supply, and this stream is an important factor in supporting industrial enterprise at and above Cumberland. During droughts the Potomac water becomes so hard as to cause inconvenience and extra expense to Hagerstown and Washington consumers. If Wash- ington were an industrial city the condition would be intolerable. -itsap SB pgjapisuoo iC^Bnsn a.iB ^BTJAI GAjasajd arap aniBS aq^ ^B puB ^naniaAoidini nB ^oaga pjnoAi. bSiBqosip ejojaq 9§BAi.8S s/^io eq; jo nop-BJCBdoid le^eq aq; m spunj puopippB jo ain^ipnadxa aq^ ^qissoj; •noi^Bn^is aq^ SuiAOjdnii jo Bapt aq^ q^iAi. spnod-[{im pnB stnBp asaq; jo ainos jo pjAOinai puB asBqojnd aq^ pajapisnoo SBq UAio^sJaSBg; -JJO -nnj AVOJ pnB j:aqjB9A\. nuBAi jo sainp ^B A^Bioadsa '^aJQ raB^ai^uy ui snoi^ipuoo aAisnajjo panoiSBOOo SBq sniBp .laAvod puB ^im ^Bras jo jaqrann B JO gougsaid aqj S^J.OM. ^nara^jBaj^ aSBAias s(nAi.o^sjaSB]j m0J 110 J IPf* ^% Avopq aonB^sip ainos .IO^J -y^Aj ure^puy

•s^odBmry puB aSpyj^g; SB JBJ SB ^SBaq^nos puB ^SBa ^seaq^jon 9q^ o^ SB9J-B Sui^pno pnB (pnB^JB];\[ ni ^jo^iua^ Sumoxg ^pidBj ^naoBCpB ^OIJ^STQ iCjB^raBg nBqjnqng no^niqsB^ aq^ jo ^ddns'ja^BM. ajnifnj aq; JOJ ano a'jqBJOABj ^sora aq^ SB :>I ^q pgjapisnoo puB uoissiimnoQ ^B^inBg UBqanqng no^uiqsB^ aq^ A'q paipm's X^Snojoq^' naaq SBq ;oa_Coid B qong -a^oad 000'OOO'S ^^ -IOJ ^ddns ja^BAv ^jos puB IBOTraouooa UB apiAoid ppoAi 'aniaqos aAisuaqa.idraoo B o^ SnipjoooB papnnodnii JI '^aajQ Boauag puB 'SMAIQ ^uaxn^Bj ap^fj puB a^ppiw ^uaxn^Bj aq} jo saa^BAi aqjr ^13 eoanag pire SWAIJJ juaxiqej

•paniB^uiBin si Avop pa^B[nSai Xjsnoia -xpnC B ssapm jagns njAi 'pjogB iqSini raBa^s aq^ qoiqAi. sat^qioBj [Bsodsip a§BAvas SB HSM. SB 's^saaa^ui nBUBdij jaAio[ 'aa^BAV 's(jaAu siq^ jo jaransnoo aAi^oadsoid B SB ppj aq^ o^m £%IQ Qiommug jo aoiiBi^ua aq^ q^i^ -JaAiy; oosdB^Bj aq^ jo asn aAis.ua^xa aaq^ijj 9^1^ sasijdja^ua jaAiod puB pTjqsnpul jo laqnmn y MSAiy ODSCIBJHJ

•paziiBija^Bin ^on SBq ^BAua^BAv siq^ arai^ ^nasajd aq^ 0; dj^ -Ayo aqi a^isoddo 'BiniSji^ ^sa^ ui pnnBqo jjo-^no dSivi B qSnoiq^ aaAi'jj OBIHO^OJ aq^ jo noisaaAip aq^ SBM loafoid pasodoad aq^ ui nia^i jBdioimd aqj, -jaauiSua Sutiqnsnoo '^Bqiiti^ -JJ £ Aq ^10 aq^ 0} pa^imqns ^joda.x B HI papnainraooa.i a.iaAv sajiisBaia aAipaj; -.IOQ -iCio^siq s/^io aq^ ni aAi^on^sap isom aq^ guiAOjd auo %s^ aq^ 'puBpaqiunQ ^B pajjnooo spoop snouas OAI; f^Qi jo Sui.ids aq^ gm -in(j -uoi^uawB spaan pnBpaqninQ ^B UOI^BU^IS [OJ^UOO poop aqj^ uaAi'jj OBHIO^OJJ aq^ jo uoi^ -B^nSai jo ypvi aq^ UIOJJ SnisiJB sma^qojd aq^ uo^Bjapisnoa japnn SBq 'sai^snpui aq^ pus 'pnBpaqumQ jo JqiQ aq; 'q^iBag jo ^uain^jBdaQ a^B^g aq'j UIOJJ saAi^B^uasajdaj jo Sni^sisnoo 'pjBog; jaAig; OBTHO^O^ iadd£L aq^ 'Xpoq piorgonn uy uiOAjasaj JaAi'jj; Ano^g s^i IHOJJ aa^BAi uAiop ^i 0; XuBdraoQ jadBj pnB dpj BIHISJI^ ^sa^ aq^' JOJ a[qissod naaq ^ou }i pBq ^qSnojp ^naoaj aq^ Snianp snouas ajora naAa uaaq aABq ppoii. snoi^ipnoQ -sa^SBM. jo psodsip ijo^aBjsi^BS Snpoajja ui pnB snoi^Bjado Jiaq^ no XJJBO O^ ja^BAi aado.id pire ;naioig:ns Sui -utB^qo HI s;nB];d |Bu^snpui aq^ yfq paanaiaadxa naaq SBq ^pogjiQ;

fZ 25

Rock Creek. Eock Creek, a comparatively small stream discharg- ing into the Potomac Kiver at Washington, traverses, throughout its course in the District of Columbia, one of the.finest public parks in the country. For a long distance above the Maryland-District of Columbia boundary the area adjoining Kock Creek is being, or is about to be developed as park land by a Maryland commission. A better regulated and sustained flow of water would greatly increase the value of this stream for recreational purposes.

Northwest Branch. The future park system of the Maryland suburbs of Washington will extend along Northwest Branch, a tribu- tary of the Anacostia Eiver. JSTorthwest Branch, in addition,tis the present source of water supply for the 65,000 residents,pf-the Washington Suburban Sanitary District. Its further development for this purpose is contemplated. Lack of an impounding reservoir on ISTorthwest Branch cost the Washington Suburban Sanitary District more than an extra $100,000 in 1930 and 1931 when the stream practically dried up for extended periods and water had to be purchased from Washington at a figure much higher than that for which it might have been produced by the Commission's own plant. Damaging floods periodically occur in and near Bladensburg, situ- ated at and below the confluence of Northwest and Northeast Branches •of the Anacostia Biver. Travel on the Baltimore-Washington Boule- vard and on the Washington-Annapolis Road ceases in Bladensburg at such times. Houses are flooded and unhealthful conditions result. Residents of Bladensburg are demanding that a real effort be made to eliminate flooding of the Anacostia River. Flood control on this stream can be accomplished only after a competent study and as a result of large expenditure. Some attention to the problem has been :given by the War Department.

STREAM MEASUREMENT.

None of the undertakings so far discussed in this report or likely to result from the establishment of future policies of a comprehensive nature, can be developed without an exact and continuous knowledge of the quantitative aspects of the precipitation or rainfall, and of the resulting discharges of surface and underground streams. Until comparatively recently the State of Maryland has been unusually •delinquent in accumulating information on these matters. Rainfall measurements on approximately 12,296 square miles of the State (somewhat over 9,000 of it in land' area) have not been as carefully continued and expanded as would appear to be desirable. The total catchment area of streams rising in or entering Maryland amounts to more than 50,000 square miles or approximately five times the total land area of the State of Maryland. The water flowing into '•SJ^BAY "3TJJ jo 9sn STQ ^nq—^-0^9 'tjsg 'sq^io 'SJ^SJCO—SJ^BAY raojj U35[B^ saTjctdns pooj jo nop-BAjgsnoo aip IOJ SAVBI oojojua o^ noissira -tnoQ B pa;B9io SBq ^j -saoanosaj j^B.vi s^i jo [OJ^UOO 9AT}B.QSIIIIUI -pB dn §m^9s SAiB^ XUB pgssBd J9A9U sBq puB[XjBj\[ jo 9Wg gqj, •saoanosaa: aaiYAi aaAO loai^too aAiivaisMiHav i^asaad: •s^OB]; XpSjEj Aion aj^gi 9q^ SnTd995[5[Ooq siqj, -Snidggjpfooq snonupnoo ^noq^m noi^ounj (0!} pajoadxg Qq p[noAi «pii^iTiSBta qons jo iCi^snpni ajBAu'd o^j •nrea.rjs 9q; jo s9qi[Bi^ -ng^od 9q^ jo SHISBS niJ9^ SIIO[ Xq Sui^nnoooB idBinud 9q^ nodn ;u9pn9d9p si not^BOO[{B J9^BAA pnB Tioi!jB[nS9J niBg^s jo ing^sXs iny •uiB9J^s 9q^ JQ JOTA-eqgq 9jn^nj ajqeqcud gq^ jo sisoxiSBip eq^ xoj. lio^dvjsi^sun ^iqSrq SJ;B9X X^iiq^ uBq; ss9i jo spaooga: Sui -SBS UIB9J:;S JO 9sn 9q^ ejpni Aiop niBaj^s TII SUOI^BUBA jBoipIo nug^ -Sno]; oqjQ -sjBgX jfytiqi JOJ 9aiq^ Xjuo piiB SIVQI ug^ ireq^ gioni JOJ spjooaj: snonnpnoD gABq ugABy; qoo^j puB 5[oo;spoo^ 'guiAsuo^mg 'sfoijgpaj j 'SJ[OOJJ jo luio.j ^B XptaBu 'osaq^ jo OAIJ Xjno 'g; xipttaddy 9 c B n 'OI I l l I pa^oipui SB suoi^s A-tiq* JQAO ^ pgqsi^qB^sa traaq 9ABq saSBS qSnoq^jy -spgCoad JO [Bin JOJ g^qBJisap puB XiBssgogn B^Bp 9q^ [p gAiS m ^ioqs oo; uggq SBq UOI^B^S XUB ^B Snipjoogj jo q^Sng^ 9q^ '^BJanoS nj "ajB^g 90:1^119 oq^ ni SUISBS tnBa^s JOJ noi^BudojddB o^g ^BminB p^o^ gq^ B9JB p9^Tnii{ siq-j ui pggoxg qoiqAi 'pjBog; jgAijj OBTHO^OJ jgddj^ 9q^ ui sdnojS ^xtgn^psnoo gq; jo noi^nqu^ -uoo aq^ si ^OBJ siq; jo sajdiaBxg ^uB^ioduii oq^ jo OUQ "g^B^g 9q^ •SBq ttBqi SHISBS TnB9J?s pnB{iCjBj\[ o^ sjBgX qugogj Tti Xgnoni gjoin pg^nqij^uoD OABq sgiongSB pdioinnin pooj puB g^BAud 'pBj jo jg^Btn B sy -B^Bp SUISBS uiBaj^s jo pggu ^uaSjn ui saij^snpni pxre SUAVO; TOOJJ suoi^nqij^noo jo JO srcoi^BijdojddB s^i THOJJ 9iqB[iBAB sums {pjuis jo siregin Xq 'saiougSB pjapgj gq^ q^m noi^Bjgdooo Xq ppg; siq; ni 5[J0Ai. emu v Suzop uooq SBq ibAjng poiSo^oox) ptre^'jBj^ gqj, •^i^iqisnodsgj siq} q^iAi paSjBqo A^agjip XOUOSB XUB JO gouasqB gq^ ui puB spunj jo j[OB{ oq^ jo ^unoaoB uo uoiqsBj pjBZBqdBq B m papnpuoD uggq SBq puBii!jBj\[ ui surBg^s jo SUISBS pgjip gqj^ •9DiAjag J9q;B9^ 9^-B^g 9q^ jo uoisiAjgdns gq^ J9pun AYOU SUOI^B^S •HBJUIBJ jo UOI^BUUI^UOD 9q^ JOJ pgpiAOjd gq spunj g^duiB ^Bq; spugui -uioogj X^Suoj^s uoissitmnoQ aq^ pu-B UOI^OB a^B^g qSnojqi 'gjojgjgq^ 'pgpiAOjd gq !jsnni uopBuuojui gq^ jo ^iBd ja^BgjS gqj, qpjuiBJ jo ^uguigjnsBgui aq^ JOJ ajB^g T[0B9 uiq^m SUOI^B^S AYOJ B Xpo UIB^UIBUI •O; ajqB si ^uauiujaAOf) sa^B^g pa^iuj^ aqx 'SJBaX uaa^jg puB pajp -unq 9no J9A0 Q]. JUOJ UIOJJ SUISUBJ spjoogj q^m 'Suipjoogj J^BJUIBJ JOJ SUOI;B;S jo S9IJ9S pa^nqij^sip ^BAY Xp^Bjapoui B SBq puBpCiBj\[ •J9A9J0J pu-B noi^dtujajut ^noq^iAY panupuoo aq o; a^B^g oq^ jo sai^np ^uauBuuad gq^ jo gno aq ppoqs ^unouiB s^i jo uon -Buiuiia^gp ^OBxg[ -g^qB^iBAB q^BaAY ^uguBuuad jo sgojnos SuiAiS-ajij 4UB!jJodini ^soui aqi jo 9no si puB^^jif jo g^B^g aq^ ui SUISIJ-B puB 9Z 27

Temains practically uncontrolled. Such jurisdiction as the Puhlic Service Commission may have is only incidental to its authority over the rates and methods of public utilities, and this jurisdiction —indefinite though it is—does not extend to the use of water by individuals and private companies. And it has been demonstrated, in the case of the acquisition of the waters of the Susquehanna Eiver by a power company, that the Public Service Commission, even as to utilities, has not been vested with any adequate authority to deter- mine upon a policy that would preserve the waters of the State for those uses of greatest importance to the people. The State Board of Health is the only State body with any general powers over the uses of water, but its authority is limited to those matters which affect the public health. It has been given control over all programs for enlarging or altering existing water supply systems, and the construction of new systems, and similar authority with respect to sewerage systems and disposal plants. It has com- plete powers over such uses of water as involve problems of sanita- tion, or which.may affect the purity of water, but it lacks any au- thority whatever, so long as the public health is not involved, in the -uses of the waters' of the State or the structures which may be erected in streams. The General Assembly has set up the machinery for the establish- ment of local drainage districts, along the lines which have been adopted elsewhere, but these laws do not seem to be of any special State concern, and appear to have been availed of but rarely, in Maryland.

PRESENT ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROL OVER WATER SUPPLY STRUCTURES.

The use of a stream, whether for increasing water supply or power facilities, for flood control or for other purposes, requires the con- struction of dams and necessary appurtenances. The frequency of installation of dams undoubtedly will greatly increase in Maryland. At present there are 47 dams on streams in Maryland and 39 in •streams draining into Maryland. Such structures, unless well de- signed and constructed, and unless placed at proper locations and on safe foundations, prove a menace to life and property. From time to time failures of such structures have occurred and great •destruction of life and property has followed. The failure of dams in Pennsylvania, Texas, California and West Virginia are historic evidences of the folly of not safeguarding such structures against •defects by their careful review in advance of and during construction. • The failure of the St. Erancis Dam in Southern California several years ago has brought to mind once more the necessity for some form -of state control over such structures. The wisdom" of such a policy is summarized in the verdict filed by the jury drawn by the coroner puB 8j[0iq uaq^ xroi^oas pa^joddnsTin Qqj, -X^IABO aSnq B painaoj puB pa^sao: uiBp aq; qoitfAV nodn pua^Bin 9^ ^no pajnoos 'amptu^s aip jo «sBq aip Aiopq SniAiop 'jta^BAv siqj^ -pas a^BnbapB UB mioj 0% q;dap ^naiogjns B &^ spins naaq ^on pBq tpiqAV '^BAV JJO^UO aq^j japun JCBAI S^I punoj qoiqAi ja^BAi. Xq XpoaJip pastiBa SBAi xtiBp aq^ jo asd-B^oo aqj, S •sno[[BS OOO'OOO'OOO'S T ^SBJO^S aq^ piiB 'saJOB Qgf si ^nj uaqAV JIOA -jasai aq^ jo BBJB aq^ 'sa];ini ajBiibs gx ^noqB si niBp aq^ aAOqB nisBq 0 •aSBuiBip aqx "i^ 19 J iqSiaq nminixBin B q^iAV puB 's^nanrfnqB q^jBa aqtj Suipnpui '3no| ^aaj 990'T 'odA nasjnqniY aq^ jo ajn^aru^s «^a.ionoD Aio^oq B SI niBp aqj^ 'flQl 'ST XjBmiBp no pajiBj: 'JBAI^ OBtao^oj aq^ jo XjB^nqu^ B HO 'BIUISJI^ ^sa^ 'uiqqo(j ^B pa^Boo^ pnB XnBduiOQ JadBj pnB dpj BIHISJI^ ^sa'/yy aq^ Xq panAiO 'taBQ; jaAijj Xno^g aqj, "niBQ; eiqo^i'jj dniBQ aq^Tjo.'•pu-B mB(j JaAiy; Xno^g -aq^ jo uoi^Bpmioj: aq^ jo esd'B^oo aq^ Xq ja^SBSip ajqissod jo sSnin.iBM. [BjaAas pBq SBq 51 'a^Bnn^ioj uaaq SBq JBJ os pnB[iCaBj\[ qSnoq^^y •sa^B^g pa^in^ aq^ ni pajjnooo aABq smBp jo sajn^iBj a^a^dinoa JLO jBi:jJBd paijjodaj QSS J8A0 •'sJBaX 081 ^SBJ aq^ iii_;Bq^ PBJ aq^ Xq pagi^toj si noisnpnoo siqx •saj;n^oiii;s jaq^o JBAO pasBaaoni qonui XjaA si X^iadoad pnB ajij jo jCpjBdoaC aq^ aaaqM SSBJO v ni tnaq^ ^nd 'jcaAaAvoq 'smBp jo TIOI;BOO[ puB ajn^Bn aqj, •noipnj^suoD jo sadX^ aaq^o ni SHIJJIIOOO asoq^ XpAi^ -Bpj spaaoxa sajnpiij^s SuuaaniSna qons jo sajn^iBj: jo aaqmnn aq^ ^Bq^ a^BOipui 0^ pna^ni ^on saop noissinnnoQ aqj^ "janiB^noo s^i inoxf pasBa[aj Xpappns ja^BAi. jo ainiqoA aSjB[ B SB X^pBap os pnB ajqB^oa^ -noonn os 'aAi^oiu^sap os si Sniq^o^j ^1 mojaq Sniq^XiaAa o^ aoBuanr pi^ua^od B aajSap anios ui si 'azis s^i jo ssa^pjBSaJ 'uiBp LLQA^ •X^iadojd pnB •aji| jo noi^oa^ojd ijnanbasqns aq^ JOJ noisiAiadns pnB AiaiAai iBio.igo jo aaJSap nmnnuiin ainos aABq, p^noqs ajn^otu^s qons JLLQAQ ?Bq^ noissini -ntOQ siqj jo ^uantSpnC aAi^BAiasnoo aq^ si ^1 f sa^B^s Jaipo \[e ni Qg jo |B^o; B puB '. aassanna j, pnB noSajQ 'BISJOOQ JO sa^B^s aq^ jo qoBa nt 9 f aniBpj; pnB BnipjBQ q^nog 'pnBpj apoq-jj 'Xasjaf AYQJ^; 'ajiqsdniBjj Avajsj 'BUB^no.j\[ jo sa^B^s aq^ jo qoBa ni f '. qB^ pnB Bnozuy 'BnipjBQ q^nog 'ooixaj^ Aia^j jo sa!)B^s aq^ jo qoBa ni g fsBxa^ pnB B^osannijf 'nBSiqoij\[ jo sa^B^s aq^ jo qoBa ni 9 fotqQ ni 1 funossij^ ni ^l -S^as -nqoBSSBj\[ ni gx f inoi^oannoQ ni XT '^^g^ ^Oi ^K ^I 9Z -opBi -opQ ni f % ', BinjojipQ ni 9% '. BinBA^Xsnnaj jo a^g aq^ ni papjooai naaq aABq smBp jo sam^iBj gg ^Bq? aSpajAion3[ aq^ jo ^qSi^ aq; nj qoj^noo qons JOJ saionaSB |B^nannLiaAa§ JB^iniis paqsi{ -qB^sa SBq Xj^nnoo nSiaioj XjaAa X^BOI^OBJJJ -Q; xipnaddy ni nAioqs OIB s^iB^ap Jiaqj, -sjaq^o pnB qnonua^ 'BIUISJI^ ^saM 'no^niqsBj^ 'BinBA^snnaj 'J[J0^ Aiajsf 'Xasjaj> Maj^; 's^^asnqoBSSBj\[ 'oqBpj 'opBj -opQ jo sa^B^g aq^ ni aojoj ni naaq SBq la^Bin siq^ no noi^B^siiVj ^•^namnia Aioq ja^^nr on 'nBin ono jo guamSpnC aps aq; o^ ^J.Q\ aq jaAan ppoqs niBp ^BOJS B JO norj -BJado pnB noi^onj^snoo eqj,,, ipa^B^s ajaq^ XjnC aqj^ -ajn^iBj nrBQ sionBJ^ ig aq^ no Xnoini^sa^ aq^ japisnoo o^ X'jnno'Q sapSny so^ jo

8Z 29 fell, allowing the water stored behind it to rush through, tossing huge fragments of shattered concrete downstream. The dam was located in a wild, unsettled region, so that the wall of water which passed through the breach and surged onward down the valley to the Potomac River took no toll in human lives, although the flood completely demoralized traffic on the Western Maryland Railway and caused a panic among the inhabitants of the towns of Schell, Luke and Piedmont, many of whom, as the stage of the water rose, fled into the hills to reach points of safety. The force of the flood had dissipated itself to a large extent in its nineteen mile journey from the dam to the nearest habitations. The damage was confined principally to the dam itself. The Camp Ritchie Dam is located at the north end of Lake Royer just above the embankment of the Western Maryland Railway and the State road extending from Cascade to Pen Mar Park. It failed on the night of June 18, 1929. The dam is of the earth fill type approximately 410 feet long, with a concrete spillway section 50 feet long, with a maximum height of 26 feet. The dam impounds 37,200,000 gallons of water. The area' of the water surface in the lake is 19 acres. The width of the earth embankments on either side of the concrete spillway section varies at the top from 15 to 20 feet. The water face of the dam has a slope of approximately 4:1 and the downstream face has a slope of 2:1. j^o cutoff walls were provided in the east embankment; the west embankment, however, had two cutoffs, as indicated by test holes dug after the dam failed. The spillway section was built on sheet piling driven to refusal. The failure occurred in the east embankment, where no cutoff ex- isted. For several days before the failure, a small leak was noted in the embankment around the east abutment of the concrete spillway section, which gradually increased. On the day previous to the fail- ure, it was noted that the water coming through the leak was turbid, indicating that the material in the embankment was being washed out. The structure failed the night of June 18, 1929, and did con- siderable damage to the State road just below, besides washing away a number of outbuildings and doing some damage to chicken coops and pig pens in Rouzerville, Pennsylvania, which is located about two miles below the dam on Red Falls Creek. There was no loss of life. No agency exists in the State-of Maryland to which the task is delegated of reviewing the design and supervising the construction of dams. A dam of any size, impounding any quantity of water and located at any point in the State, may be constructed now with only superficial review of its design and of its underlying foundation, inci- dental to other matters involved in the project. The State Board of Health makes some effort to check the structural acceptability of dams, where they are parts of domestic water supply projects. Its -jBsa.i put? S^BHBO 'srangj^s 'saqo^ip jo uoi^^nSg.i aqg. '{OJ^uoo poop o^ itoadsa.x ui n92[B^ nagq eABij sda^s ^nnqjodini 'p.iBog; noi^BinBpgjj 9^B')g 9^ pUB 'spiJ^Sip J9^BA\. JO QSOTfi SB {{QM. SB 'S9IOn9§B aS9q!J ^SnOJqj, •j9^B.tt. jo S9sn gq^ .I9AO pj^uoo poo]; JOJ 'spTJ^sip XonBAjgsuoo jo uoi^ •BUIJOJ 9q^ gniziJoq^TiB noi^B^ST§9^ SBi{ 'BinjojTjBQ -gonBni^ JO ^U9ni -^iBdgd 9T£} pnB SJ[.IOJ^ oiiqtij; jo ^ugra^aBdgQ; 9q^ ui ^iiorptiB XQV[%O p9^S9A SBif ^i puB 'S.I9^BAV s^B^g jo noi^nqij^stp g^qB^itibg nB gjnsm o^ 'sjaAvod Snisnooii q^m uoissinnnoQ J^B^ 9Pig 'B SBq ^j -niBjS -ojd g^g^dxnoo B apsjinmoj o^ puB 'saoinosaa ^B XaAJtis o; uoissixntnoQ a B nc S131 u13 1118 nopBAJ9snoQ JCO^B^ B p9jB9.io (igGl) ^I * l * l l *I P 's !^^ J9^BAV jo S9SBqd ^ug.igjfip no snoi^B^tiSgi SniJCpoquig 'sgpoo pi9A9S SBq %j -sg-itipTU^s XQ^-BM. jo jg^OBJ'Bqo gqqi pus .ig^BAi. jo osn gq^ ui spoq^gni gAiss9iSo.id pnB ^naST^g^ni 'Xq Sui^ggnaq 9.IB qoiqAi. sg^s esoq^ jo jpiBJ ^nojj gq^ nt sSuo^aq 'a.irnnj JBOU gqi ui op o^ SuiiniB^d si ?t ^BqAi Xq puB 'SJCBOX! ^naoaa ui guop SBq ^i ^BqAi. jCq 'Binjoji^BQ •sg.in^onj^s ig^BM. jaqp puB staBp jo gouBtra^mBui puB uoi^onj^suoo aq^ m OTjqnd gq^ paBtiSajBS o^ pauSisap uopBjsiSa]; pg^oBTia 9ABq sg^B^s oa.iq^ gsgq^ ?nq 'jg^BAi jo 9STI Qq^ SupoggB sgjnsB9ra jo uopdopB gqi ni sg^B^s JO £%iJoi -Bin ^BaiS gq^ pniqgq JBJ ng^Bj osp 9ABq ^uoinjg^ P^B giiqsduiBjj Aiajvj; ^noipguuoQ jo so^B^g pnB[§ng[ Aiajsj gqj, -BUBipnj pnB siou "HII '^Jpttjua^ 'sBsnB^ay 'iddississij\[ 'BUBismoq; 'Bpyjo^ 'BiSjoof) '9JBAiB^g(j 'BinBqBjY pnnoj aiB dnojS ^Bq^ uj -SninnxSgq ^snC si paCqns gq^ no ^iJoq^nB s(g^B^g gq^ ^iaxa o^ ^ngingAOin aq^ gjgqM JO '^ug^sixa-nou ^poi^oB^d si sajn^oiu^s pnB sao.inosaj jg^BAi. jo pj^uoo ajaqA\. sa^s jgq^o nazop B ^noqB q^iAi padno.iS aq ^snin pnB|iCj-Bj\[ •saivxs aanio HI saanaaooaj Aaoxymoaa •ajn^nj a^Bipaninii aq^ ui papga; -JOO gq ppioqs 'gjn^Bii siq^ jo sgjit/pn.qs jC|ddns JB^BAV ^nB^Jodrai igAO pj^uoo g^B^g jo Xongioijap siq^ ^Bq^ spgj noissinnnoQ aqj^- •japBJBqo pioijjadns a^mb jo uaaq aABq ppoii Xona§B a^B^g ^IIB £(\ UOHOIU^SUOD pnB nSisap s^i jo AvaiAao; aq^ 'BinBAjXsuua.j HI iiBq^ jaq^BJ nc u93( PIIB[XJBJ\[ ui 'g^is ^nasgjd s^i Avo^aq aonB^sip poqs B ^i l { P^H tnBp aq^ JJ -pnB^Bjij; jo g^B^g aq; uiq^iAv ^pqAv aji^ pnB ^adojd ijaBd %som aq; JOJ JcaSuBpua ppoAV UIBQ; uoo^; gq; jo asdB^oo gqj, •BiuBA^snqaj jo a;B;g aq; ni JJJOAV ;B Apuaiino XouaSB |B;uaniiijaAoS

B ^q paAiaiAa.i X^piSiJ ajgAi. noi;onj;snoo puB nSisap s;j •BinBA[^snnac[ jo a;B;g aq; ui 'jaAgAioq 'pg;Bn;is si ;j -piiBpgqninQ JOJ sgi;i^io'Bj X^ddns .ig;BAi. oipnd gq; jo iioisiia;xa aq; jo ;a;Bd v SB pa;oTu:;suoo SBAV inBp siqx •pnBpaquitiQ jo AJIQ aq; JOJ IHBQ; noo^; JAQU aq; jo X86I ni uoi;on.T;suoo aq; ni paifqdniaxa {[aAi si noi;Bn;is siqj, •AvaiAaJC iB;uanra.igAo3 ou gABq g.in;Bn ^BiJ;snp -ui JO jaAiod B jo s;oaCojd jgq;o p s^iBd ajB qoiqAi. SUIBQ; qiB;ap ui sSui5[B;japun asaq; QsiAjadns o; spunj puB saojoj poiuqoa; XIBS -saogu jo aouasqB aq; jo asnBoaq 'jfoaqo jBjauaS B o; pg;iuii^ si AA9iAgj

08 31 voirs, forestation, irrigation and reclamation. The matter of ade- quate regulation of water for power purposes is awaiting action by a Water Resources Commission of wide jurisdiction. California has had, since 1929, the most complete and effective code of laws in the country relating to dams and other water structures. The lesson of the collapse of St. Francis dam, and other lesser failures, has not been lost so far as California is concerned. Colorado has given a great deal of attention to measures regulating the use of water, although much of them are local in scope. The State is now working toward greater centralization of control. State- wide jurisdiction as to construction, and as to some other phases of water problems is vested in the State Engineer. There are seventy water districts, managed by Water Commissioners, and also by a divi- sion engineer appointed by the Governor. The distribution of water stored in State reservoirs is managed by a Board of Land Commis- sioners. There are provisions for Water Works Districts, Internal Improvement Districts and Drainage Districts. There is also a State - Irrigation District Commission. The State Engineer was ordered in 1929 to make a complete survey of all water resources of the State, and a number of commissions have been created to negotiate compacts with adjoining states for the use of interstate waterways. Plans for the construction of dams and reservoirs are subject to the approval of the State Engineer. Idaho has given state-wide jurisdiction over the use of water resources and the construction of dams and other water works to the Department of Reclamation. This department has licensing powers, as to the proper distribution of water, and authority over irrigation and drainage districts. Its consent is-necessary before water may be used for power purposes, and no dam more than ten feet in height may be erected without its approval of the plans. The Department may also order repairs to existing dams. Idaho's legislation is in accordance with the general outlines of the regulations in force in other mid-westem and western states, such as Nevada, Oregon, Utah and Washington. In most of these states there are conservancy dis- tricts of various characters, irrigation, reclamation and drainage districts, and other such sub-divisions looking toward the control of waters. A study of the history of the laws in these states discloses a tendency to centralize authority, and, in recent years, to grant wider powers to officials and departments over the use of waters, the alloca- tion of uses, with special consideration of power projects and the construction and maintenance of water works. Oregon may be singled out as one of the states which has made the greatest progress, espe- cially in developing effective control over.water power development. In the East, the states of aSTew York, Pennsylvania and New Jersey are among those which have given evidence of understanding the seriousness of the problems involved, and their paramount im- portance to the welfare of the people. iSTew York has developed a 9[pi ngaq aABq, 'S^SI.I JIQ^ JO ssa[0.ii30 'sa^B^s araog u-ainsBaj; u SI ^t '^ixraiuu lie ireipj a.iora si JOAIJ E,, ^T?I[^ pajBpap 's;i{.si.i9T JS^BAV JOJ BIUBA^SUUQJ pnB ^JO^ M.aj^[ ';fos.i9f AVBJ^; jo sniiBp Sui^oi^uoo 8q; SuiApAui S9SB0 oq; jo QUO HI 'sauqojj goi^snf -J;]^; -suoissassod snoio -did J-WTQ ^09;o.icI 0} guip^Bq 'sa^B^g pa^inj^ 3X{% jo l-moQ enieidng aqj o^ni XBAV .ipn^ pnnoj aABq sa^B^s asaifl jo ny -araoo o; s.iBaX aq^ HI maq^ paau JJIAI OT[M. asoip JOJ paAiasajd aq XBUI Xaq^ qoiifAi. Xq suBara a^ jo uoi^BJapisnoo pin? 'saipldns JS^BAV JO saojnos aq^ o^ uoi^ua^B pioads ui 'asBO qoBa HI 'pa^nsaj BABIJ a];doad Jia^ jo spaan aan^nj OT\% JO BiuBAfl'sunaj pnB ilasjaf Avajsj 'ypo£ A\.Q^[ ni apBin saipn^s aqj, •sjaoigo q^paq ui pa^saA uaaq seq aa^BM 3ui5[nijp jo £}i.md ai[^ pjBnSajBS o^ panSisap saansBata jo aonBAJasqo aq^ pdnioo o-} jaAvod puB '-op 'SS^BJ; xg o^ pue s^iuuad ^UBJS O; X^iioq^ 3X SB 0118 9 04 -HB naAiS uaaq aABq noissitnuiOQ aaiAJag oil^d \} H s }? ! 'aoBjjns-qns pnB aoBjms q^oq 's^a^BAi jo pj^noo.aip HI apBin uaaq sBq ssa.iSojd ^UB^odnii qoiqAv ui sa^B^s aq^ jo jp i^Boi^oB^d nj •saoi^DBjd iijapom ^saq aq^j q^iAv. aouBpjoooB ui Suraoi^ounj MOU SI paBog^ ^Bq^ puB 'SJO^B^ piiB s^sajoj jo ^uaui -We&QQ QT\% ui 'pjBog; saomosajj .laAvoj puB ja^B^ aq^ ui X^iJoq^nB azi^BJ^uao o; uaaq SBq Xouapua^ aq^ SJB8^ ^uaoai uj -suia^qoad ja^BAi jo sasBqd SUOIJBA jaAo suoissiuiraoo puB spjBoq 's^uauqiBdap 'sppgjo SUOUBA ui pasodiui uaaq SBq 'a^B^g puB JBOOJ 'uoi^oipsijnjf -sajnpnj^s puB sasn puB saomosaj JO^BAV JBAO uoi^B^nSaj jo SIUJOJ ^uaiajjip q^m SJBaX jfuBin JOJ Sui^uauiijadxa uaaq SBq BIUBAJXSUUBJ -aSBUiBap pUB pj^UOO pOO]J UO UOISSIUIUIOD O^B^g B pUB 'saimpM^S I9^BAi. uo euoissiuuuoo \TSOOI osp aaB a^aqx "spinsip-qiis o^ui papiAip jaq^jnj aiB spia^sip asaq^ puB 'spii^sip ^ddus JO^BM. OAi^ o^ui papiAip si i!as -X9£ JAQ^I -saiiddns ja^BAi oi^qnd puB 'UOI^BSIABU puB p^uoa poop 'suia^qoid a^SBAi 'saojnos JO^BAV O^ ^oadsaj q^m ^OB O^ ^iJoq^nB SBq puB sa^Si^saAui ^j "a^B^g aq^ jo S^JOAI ja^BAV puB ja^BAi jp pj^uoo puB a^B^uSaj 'aAjasuoo o^ jaAiod TQIM. 'UOISSIXUIUOQ ^oipj aa^B^ a^B^g B SBq Xasiaf Avaj^; -spi^siQ; la^-e^ ^uiof puB surajs^g ja^B^ UMOX 'spij;;si(j ^uaiuaAOjdiui OSBUIBIQ; 'spi^siQ; Ja^Bj^ UOIUJ^ jo uoi^Bajo aq^ JOJ sapiAOjd uopBpiSa'j •sai^ipdpiunui jo 'pasodojd JO pmoB 'saijddns ja^BAi |p JBAO uopoipsunC SBq ^j -spafojd S5[J0Ai.-ja^BAi 01 ^uapaoajd uopipuoa B SI asuaot^ s^i puB 'a^B^g aq^ jo suoisiAip -qns ^BDpipd aq^ iq JO sai^JBd a^BAijd Xq jaqpqAv uoipiu^suoo JBAO XjiJoq^nB/josiAjadns pjauaS SBq ;j 'a^B^g aq; jo saojnosaj JB^BAV aq; SuidopAap JOJ s^oaCojd ui aSB§ua o; paziJoq^nB jps;i si puB 'jaAiod Suipnpui 'sasodjnd JJB JOJ sja^BAi jo asn aq; JBAO sjaAiod pBOjq SBq uoissiiumoo siqx 'pj^uoQ puB jaAioj JB^B^ jo UOISSIUHUOQ aq; ifq papBaq 'pj;uoo puB jaAioj Ja^^ jo uoisiAip aq; si qoiqAV jo auo 's;uaui;iBdap aAq; o;ui papiAip si ;uain;jBda(]; uoi;BAjasuoo a;B;g aq^ -suca^qojd asoq; jo uoi;iips aq; JOJ suB^d asiAap o; puB 'jaAig; aouajAiB^ ig aq; jo ;uauidopA9p aq; Suipnpui 'a;B;g aq; jo smappjd saojnosaj ja;BAv jp a;BSi;saAui o; uoissiuunoo ppads B papajo ;i •pajfa o;ui ;i ;nd o; sda;s ua5[B; SBq puB 'xuBjSojd uoi;BAjasuoa ja;BAi. while usages detrimental to the whole people have been introduced and given a permanent status: Those jealous of their assets have protected them, while others are losing treasures which cannot be replaced.

DEFICIENCIES m THE POLICY AND PKOGEAM OF THE STATE OF MARYLAND WITH EESPECT TO WATER RESOURCES. Measurement. As already pointed out in more detail, the State of Maryland has had virtually no policy in the bookkeeping of its water resources. The number of gaging stations, the length of term of such records, and the policy of location of stations have all been characterized by neither consistency nor plan. The data which result from the measurement of streams, if of a continuous and care- iully selected nature, are invaluable assets to the people of the State. No great amount of annual expenditure would be necessary for the improvement of this situation. A permanent policy, a program and an administrative agency, however, are essential prerequisites to an intelligent plan of water measurement. Without them any policy for the development and conservation of water resources is impossible. Allocation of Water Resources. It is one of the axioms of history that the 'greatest civilizations have developed and thrived where people made the most efficient and intelligent uses of the water supplies available to them. The availability of waters has been even less significant than the uses to which the available sources are put. One of the most striking demonstrations of this axiom is presented by the transformation of the desert wastes of Southern California into a populated and rich territory. The State of Maryland has no plan either for the conservation or the development of its water resources, from the standpoint of public or private use. It has no agency for determining or record- ing existing rights, for the granting of new rights, for the beneficial use of the State's waters or for" the protection of recorded rights to the use of public waters by regulating diversions from. them. In other words, the State has nothing to say in the development of water supplies either as to priority, purpose, period, place or quantity of uses. Whether waters of the State are used in accordance with the underlying principle of public benefit is largely determined by chance, without the intelligent supervision of any State agency. In- creasing competition for water is already beginning to appear. No time more opportune than the present will appear for the State to assume its neglected task of control. The evidence accumulated by the Commission and presented bx-iefly in this report, indicates that Maryland should establish a well-defined policy of water resources control or allocation, for the following reasons: •Q puB 9 'f sa^qBj, 'g; xipnaddy m SB HOM. SB Q xipnaddy tti ^jodej sitp o^ paqoB^B dBin 8^ no imoifs si ^si]; Qifj^ -pTiBpCj-Bjig; ni QZIS 9^qBt08jdd"B XnB jo sinBp jo jaqunin ^B^O^ 9ip pauo^naATii SBq nois -sinrmoQ aqj, 'X^iadojd pnB aji^ PJBTISGJBS oj XjBsseoan si ^i SB JBJ os ni surep nB Sm^Bjedo puB SumiB^niBta 'SnisiAjadns pire fsniBp pp jo pAoniaj ptre Ji-Bdei 'noi^BJ^p ^naniaSiBpa oq^ jo 'snrep Aian jo uoi^otu^snoo a^ Sm^oadsm pnB snoi^Bogiioads pnB snB^d •SuiAo.id -dB fsmBp 3ni^six9 Sni^ogdsui jo £}np pa;BS8{9p oq^j q^m pxre^ijB.j^ jo 9^B^g gq^ ni s^sixg XOUGSB on 9nit^ ^nasgjd 9q^ ^y •sajnuoaqs

•pgqsiiqB^sg gq ppioqs 'soojtiosgj J^BM 9S9q^ o) SB B^Bp Sniqsi^qnd pnB Snipjoooa: IOJ pttB SnpnnoooB JOJ 'asn jo s^qSyj QAI^IQJ. os9q; Snua^sininipB JOJ sotoxieSy (q)

•p9qsi];qB;s9 9q ppoqs fno os puB snoi^BJodjoo 'sgpqBdioramn 'spnpiAipni ttgaM^gq SB S9sn jo X^ijoiad pnB diqsigiiAio OAI^B^J SmniB^i90SB JOJ snB9ni o^BnbgpB 9niog (§)

•X0TI9§B {B^n9niIU9A0S ^n9JBd B jo ujgonoo gq;) gq p^noqs SJ^BAI JO sosn 9Ai^dninsnoo-uou: pnB 9Ar}dransnoo 'uopBSiABtt gq; jo puB 's^nonigjiTibgj jCiB^inBS 9q^ jo 'sosodmd pij^snpm JOJ sjg^BAi oqj jo esn-ojc jo 'OBHIO^OJ; oq; jo SJ9;BAV gqj jo s9qoB9i jgddn gq; HI uoi;B|;ri§9i raBgj^s jo STno^qojg; •X;iss909n g^Biponraii jo ig^^Bin v si 'noi^BjnSgj inB9i^s gAi^ogjg q^iAi 'sgsn jo noi^BjgjJOO v jo iCtaonoog gq^ jo noi^Bninua^gp gqj^ (j)

•JOJ pgpiAOid eq ppioqs X^ddns jo sgomos snoiiBA gq; jo spnBmgp JJOCBUI gq; jo jCgAJtis gAisugqgjdinoo Sninni;uoo y (g)

^ -gongSi^^ni q;iAi. pgmiB{d gq o; gjB gwg gq; jo sgijddns j;g;BAi. gq; ji 'g.in;nj~xBgTi gq^ JOJ pgjmbgj si sgp^o i![ddns jg;BAv jo gongjjnooo pxre gjn';Bn ';iig;xg gq; jo iioi^BTiinijg;gp pjgjBO y (p)

•nB^d XHB jo QDugsqB gq; jo ;nnoooB no pg;og;ojd gjB jgq;igu jo s;sgjg;ui gqj, •aiBjSojd ^iigSi^g;ni HB Xq pgpjBnSgps gq HBO q;oq jo s;sgjg;ni gqj, ^no pg;uiiod nggq ^pBgjp sBq sdtiojS g;BAijd Xq puB oi^qnd Xq j9;BAi. JOJ uoi^adnioQ •«;B;g gq; jo SBgjB ;iigjg5;ip gq; HI 80UB;jodini gAi;BpJ Jigq; pnB sesn jg;BA\. jo jg;oBJBqo gq^ jo uoT^Bnirajg;gp gq; o; ngAtS gq ppioqs ;qSnoq^ {Bioigio gniog (o)

•sg;B;s njg;sBg gq; jo XHBUI o; njgonoo oiqBjgpisnoo jo sjg;^Bin OJB 9;B;g gq; niq;iAi. saojnosgj jg;BAi Saido^gAgp JOJ snB^d nodn ipgjjg g^qBqojd Jigq; puB ;ngranjgAO£) fBjgpg^ gq; jo s;q§ij gqj^ (q)

•gsiJB o; SnixnnSgq gjB sg;B^s uggAi;gq SB diqsjguAvo jo snopsgn^ (B)

f2 35

EECOMMENDATIONS AS TO PROGEAM AND NECES- SARY LEGISLATION.

It should appear, from what has already been said, that the fore- casting and planning for future uses of the water supplies of the State of Maryland are duties which the State of Maryland cannot afford to ignore. The formulation of policy is, however, one which should be approached with caution, since only broad general prin- ciples can be laid down in advance of the requirements which future growth and development of the State might disclose. The Commis- sion is fully aware of the danger of attempting to fix details of policy in the preliminary stages of development. It is equally im- pressed, however, with the necessity for constructive planning for future development. "When properly controlled, regulated and ap- plied to the requirements of the public, water is one of the most useful allies in enriching the potentialities of the State. Aside from its primary use for drinking purposes, it is one of the most essential agents as a purification device for wastes, it provides power and transportation, it serves as a useful developer of productive soils and it offers great opportunities for industrial use. The Ccmmission does not feel that its uncontrolled use should be left to chance for the future. Necessary safeguards for the people of the State can be provided through a relatively simple proposal. This proposal the Commission makes as its only recommendation, in the following terms: The Commission recommends the creation of a permanent Water Resources Commission of Maryland, with general pmvers to formu- late a water conservation policy, to control the priority, purpose, period, place and quantity of use of water, and to provide for con- tinidty of stream gauging and for the supervision of dams. A proposed legislative act embodying these general principles of State action is included in this report. The passage of these basic codes of law will do much to conserve and develop the rich water assets of the State, by substituting plan for haphazard competition. They will provide for future generations a heritage of useful water supply, essential for the growth of the State. "Without them, costly, reckless and unnecessary projects and struc- tures will be developed. The State has an obligation to avoid these predictable contingencies and should assume it.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.

The Commission takes this opportunity of acknowledging the un- stinted co-operation accorded it by the personnel of the State De- partment of Health of Maryland, the Maryland Geological Survey, the Public Service Commission of Maryland, the Geo- 'asaopj; "g; laaaoy; 'saawKopj; aavHOijj '8AiaHXvj\[ 'g;

•snoi^Bjgdo

9§J08£) jo noi^Bjado-oo 8AT^OB 9^ 'ajoraj8T{|jtij 'saSpapttompB ^j •STIOI^BJ9Clipp S1}! HT 9npA ^B9jS JO 9DTApB piTB HOT^SaS -Stis 'UOI^BHUOJUI pa^iniipin T[^TM. noissraimoQ 9q^ pgx^ddns sgioiiaSB esatf^ jo jjy 'pg^sx^ 9q o^ snoigmmi oo^ sajB^s joq^o jo pue 'BTHIS -II^ ?S9^ 'BIUISII^ 'tfineApCsnugj jo SJ^BIO^O 9^ pnB XgAJtig poiSoj

98 APPENDIX A

INVENTORY OF STREAMS IN MARYLAND.

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p OQ APPENDIX B

INFORMATION CONCERNING SURFACE AND UNDER-

GROUND WATER USES, STREAM GAGING STATIONS

AND RUN-OFF VARIATIONS IN MARYLAND STREAMS.

TABLE 1. PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES—SURFACE STREAMS. (Page 53)

Dam Water Treatment Remarks Serial Community Population Intake g. p. d. No. 1932 Stream or Consumption

Filtration and Chlorination. .Wells—Auxiliary sources Annapolis 12,820 Broad Creek (South River). Dam 1,500,000 Baltimore City 820,470 116,000,000 Gunpowder Falls Dam Filtration and Chlorination. Loch Raven .Under Construction Prettyboy Gunpowder Falls Dam Filtration and Chlorination. Patapsco River Dam Filtration and Chlorination. Emergency Supply Avalon Baltimore County Metropolitan Dist. B. C. M. D.§§ 55,000 served by Baltimore City Supply Chlorination • 5 Barton 689* Bartlett Run (Georges Creek) Dam 20,000 Barrellville 200 Branch of Jennings Run (Wills Creek).... Intake 5,000 Chlorination.'. 6 Filtration and Chlorination.' Maryland House of Correction 7 Bridewell 1,400 Dorsey Run (Little Patuxent River) Intake 200,000 Little Patuxent River Intake Filtration and Chlorination. .Auxiliary Supply 8 Bridewell .Summer Camp Camp Louise 200 Red Falls Creek (Antietam Creek) Dam 25,000 Filtration and Chlorination. 9 Filtration and Chlorination. .Intake in Power Dam 10 Conowingo 300 Susquehanna River Dam 10,000 Filtration and Chlorination. 11 Cumberland 39,483 Evitts Creek Dam . 7,000,000 Filtration and Chlorination. 12 Cumberland Evitts Creek Dam Dist. of Columbia 486,869* Potomac River Dam 95,000,000 Filtration and Chlorination. 13 Filtration and Chlorinatipn. 14 Elkton 3,478 Big Elk Creek Intake 250,000 Chlorination 15 Ellicott City 1,216* Sucker Branch (Patapsco River) Intake 90,000 Chlorination Auxiliary Supply 16 Emmitsburg 1,300 Turkey Creek () Intake No record Filtration and Chlorination. ,U. S. Army Post 17 Fort Geo G. Meade f 1,500a Little Patuxent River Intake J 500,000a I 5,000b I 1,800,000b Frederick 15,173 1,500,000 Chlorination 18 Fishing Creek (Monocacy River) Dam 19 Tuscarora Creek (Monocacy River) Intake Chlorination Ox Creek (Monocacy River) Intake Chlorination ': Auxiliary Supply 20 Filtration and Chlorination. .Auxiliary Supply 21 (Monocacy River) Intake 22 Frostburg 5,588* Intake 400,000 Chlorination 23 (Casselman River) Intake Chlorination Hagerstown 31,475 4,500,666 Potomac River Intake Filtration and Chlorination. .Intake above Dam at Williamsport of 24 The Potomac Edison Co. 25 Warner Gap Hollow (Antietam Creek). . Intake Chlorination 26 Raven Rock Hollow (Antietam Creek). . Intake Chlorination Funkstown 718 Supplied from Hagerstown System Smithsburg 601 .Supplied from Warner Gap Hollow and Raven Rock Hollow sources Williamsport 1,810 Supplied from Hagerstown System 27 Hancock 947* Little Dam 150,000 Filtration and Chlorination.. 28 Havre de Grace.: 3,985 Susquehanna River Intake 300,000 Filtration and Chlorination. . 29 Kempton 500 Potomac River Intake 125,000 Chlorination Auxiliary Supply. 30 Laurel 2,596 Patuxent River (Bear Branch) Dam 280,000 Filtration and Chlorination. . 32 Lonaconing 2,508 f Koontz Run (Georges Creek) Dam 200,000 Chlorination 33 ( Jackson Run (Georges Creek) Dam Chlorination 34 Lord 60 Wright's Run (Georges Creek) Intake 5,000 Chlorination Filtration and Chlorination. .Supply obtained from W. Va. Pulp & 35 LUke 1,064 Potomac River Dam 175,000 Paper Co. 36 Midland 865* Elklick Run (Georges Creek) Dam 50,000 Chlorination 37 Owings Mills 1,100 Gwynns Falls Intake 150,000 Filtration and Chlorination. .Rosewood State Training School 38 Perry Point 1,800 Mill Creek Dam 600,000 Filtration and Chlorination. .U. S. Veterans Bureau Hospital 39 Perryville 715 Mill Creek Dam 50,000 Chlorination 40 Piedmont, W. Va 2,241* Savage River .• Dam 240,000 Filtration and Chlorination. .Dam located in Maryland 41 Port Deposit 963* E. Rock Run (Susquehanna River) Intake 100,000 Chlorination 42 Salisbury 11,753 E. Branch Wicomico River Dam Chlorination Emergency Supply. 43 Sanatorium 600 Owens Creek (Monocacy River) Intake ' sV.ooo Chlorination Maryland Tuberculosis Sanatorium— Auxiliary Supply 44 Savage 1,000 Little Patuxent River Intake 20,000 Filtration and Chlorination Intake in Mill Race of Savage Mfg. Co. 45 Sherwood Forest 500 .Tributary of Severn River Intake 100,000 Filtration and Chlorination 46 Sykesville 2,800 Piney Run (Patapsco River) Intake 500,000 Filtration and Chlorination .Springfield State Hospital and Md. Tuber. Sanatorium (Colored Br.)

TABLE 1—Continued (Page 54)

Dam Water Serial Community Population Stream or Consumption Treatment Remarks No. 1932 Intake g. p. d.

47 Thurmont 1,209 High Run (Monocacy River). Intake 100,000 None. 48 Walkersville 629 Branch of Monocacy River... Intake 50,000 None. W. S. S. D.§ 60,000 4,000,000 49 Burnt Mills Northwest Branch (Anacostia River)... Dam Filtration and Chlorination.. 50 Hyattsville Northwest Branch (Anacostia River)... Intake Filtration and Chlorination. . 51 Takoma Park .i. Sligo Branch (Anacostia River) Dam Filtration and Chlorination. .Emergency Supply 52' Westernport 3,440* Savage River Dam 450,000 Chlorination 53 Westminster •. 4,670 Cranberry Branch (Patapsco River) Dam 400,000 Filtration and Chlorination.. 54 Woodensburg 125 Branch of Patapsco River Dam 20,000 Chlorination Montrose School for Girls. 55 Franklin, W. Va 431* S. Branch Potomac River Intake 50,000 Chlorination 56 Keyser, W. Va 6,048* (Potomac River) Dam 650,000 Filtration and Chlorination. .Also has spring supply 57 Moorefield, W. Va 734* S. Fork of S. Branch of Potomac River. Intake 60,000 Chlorination Also has spring supply 58 Petersburg, W. Va 1,410* S. Branch of Potomac River Intake 70,000 Chlorination Infiltration crib in creek bank 59 Romney, W. Va 1,441* S. Branch of Potomac River Intake 60,000 Filtration and Chlorination.. 60 Shepherdstown, W. Va. 1,888* Potomac River Intake 150,000 Chemical Precipitation and Chlorination 61 Alexandria, Va. 24,149* Dam 3,000,0001 Filtration and Chlorination. .{Filter Plant capacity, 3.0 m. g. d. 62 Berryville, Va. 1,094* Tributary of . Dam" 80,000t Chlorination.- "Storage Impounded, 2.6 m. g.; also has spring supply 63 Bdinburg. Va. 498* Branch of N. Fork of Shenandoah River.... Intake 50,000t None Also has springs supply 64 Front Royal, Va. 2,424* Harmony Hollow and Happy Creek (Shenan- doah River) Intake 1,000,000t Filtration and Chlorination. .tFilter Plant capacity, 1.0 m. g. d. 65 Harrisonburg, Va. 7,232* Dry River (Shenandoah River) Dam 600,000t Chlorination 66 Luray, Va 1,459* Mary's Rock and Stoney Man (Shenandoah River) Dam° 250,000t Chlorination "Storage impounded, 3.5 m. g. 67 Mt. Jackson, Va., 554* Branch of N. Fork of Shenandoah River. .. Intake 40,000 None...: 68 New Market, Va. 464* Branch of N. Fork of Shenandoah River... Dam" No record None "Storage impounded, 3.2 m. g. 69 Quantico, Va. .. , 3,000* Intake 2,000,000$ Filtration and Chlorination. .tFilter Plant capacity, 2.0 m. g. d. 70 Shenandoah, Va. 1,980* S. Fork of Shenandoah River Dam 500,000$ Filtration.... . ; tFilter Plant capacity, 0.5 m. g. d. 71 Shenandoah, Va. 300* S. Fork of Shenandoah River Intake 1,000,000$ Filtration and Chlorination. .JFilter Plant capacity, 1.0 m. g. d. (Serves Western R. R. engines and small community) 72 Staunton, Va 11,990* North River (Shenandoah River). Dam° l,300,000t Lime and Chlorination "Storage impounded, 12'4 m. g. 73 Strasburg, Va 1,901* N. Fork of Shenandoah River.... Dam° 100,000t None .-. "Storage impounded, 20 m. g.; also has spring supply 74 Woodstock, Va. 1,552* Little Stony Creek (Shenandoah River) Intake 100,000t Chlorination Also has springs supply 75 Centerville, Pa 175 Tributary of Bvitts Creek Intake 6,000 None 76 Chambersburg, Pa 13,800 Birch Creek () Dam 1,500.000 Chlorination 77 Colerain Township, Pa. No record W. Branch of Octoraro Creek Dam 1,000,000 Chlorination Railroad and a few dwellings 78 Fayetteville, Pa 600 Cold Spring Run (Conococheague Creek)... Intake 45,000 Chlorination 79 Gettysburg, Pa 5,600 Marsh Creek Intake 500,000 Filtration and Chlorination. .Filter Plant capacity, 1.0 m. g. d. . 80 Hyndman, Pa 1,200 Laurel Run (Wills Creek) Intake 80,000 None Emergency intake on 81 Lower Oxford, Pa 2,600 Octoraro Creek Dam 1,000,000 Chlorination Operated by Octoraro Water Co.— Serves Penna. R. R. and a few dwellings 82 Mercersburg, Pa 1,700 Buck Run (Conococheague Creek) Dam 200,000 Chlorination Storage impounded, 6.0 m. g. 83 Mt. Alto, Pa 1,000 Tributary of W. Branch of Antietam Creek. Intake 137,000 Chlorination Pennsylvania State Sanatorium; also has springs supply 84 Parkesburg Borough, Pa. 2,300 Glenn Run (Octoraro Creek) Intake _ 78,000 Chlorinated at Pumping Sta- tion ahead of storage— Emergency supply, Main supply is Rechlorinated before dis- springs and wells tribution. 85 Rouzerville, Pa 1.500 Red Falls Creek (Antietam Creek).... Intake 1,000,000 Filtration and Chlorination. . Stream originates in and returns to Maryland 86 Waynesboro, Pa 9,700 Little Antietam Creek Dam 48,000 Chlorination.

*1930 Population. §Washington Suburban Sanitary District. a—9 months, b—3 months. §§Baltimore County Metropolitan District. fAs noted in 1916 Report on Pollution and Sanitary Condition of the Potomac River Watershed—Treasury Department Bulletin No. 104, Feb. 1916.

TABLE NO. 2—SEWAGE DISCHARGES. (Page 55)

Serial Population Quantity No. Community 1932 Point of Discharge of Sewage Treatment Remarks g. p. d.

87 Aberdeen. 1,278 Swan Creek 100,000 Coarse Screens, Settling, Trickling Filter, Separate Sludge Digestion 88 Aberdeen Proving Grounds... 500 Swan Creek 250,000 Coarse Screens, Settling U. S. Army Post 89 Annapolis and Naval Academy 12,820 Severn River and Spa Creek 2,500,000 None Including sewage from U. S. Naval Academy Baltimore City 820,470 90 Back River Sewage Plant Back River 62,000,000 Coarse Screens, Primary Settling, Fine Screens, Trickling Filter, Final Set- tling, Separate Sludge Digestion 91 Curtis Bay 533t Stonehouse Cove (Patapsco River). 72,000 B. C. M. D.° Remainder of District discharges into Balto. City sewers or small streams within the District 92 Dundalk 6,500 Patapsco River 400,000 Coarse Screens, Settling 93 Halethorpe 14,000 Patapsco River 2,035,000 None 94 Overlea See Remarks Red House Run (Back River) 1,500,000 Coarse Screens, Settling Contributing population not known 95 Sparrows Point 10,000 Jones Creek (Patapsco River) 1,000,000 Settling :••. • 96 Towson 6,000 Towson Run (Jones Falls) 500,000 Coarse Screens, Primary Settling, Trick- ling Filter, Final Settling. 97 Towson. . 250 Minebank Run (Gunpowder Falls). 30,000 Coarse Screens, Pre-Chlorination, Settling. Eudowood Sanatorium 98 Barton. . . 689* Georges Creek 20,000t None Estimated water consumption=20,000 gal. daily 99 Betterton. 296* Sassafras River No Record Settling Summer resort 100 Bridewell. 1,400 Dorsey Run (Little Patuxent River) 200.000 Coarse Screens, Settling, Trickling Filter, Final Settling, Chlorination Maryland House of Correction 101 Brunswick 3,671 Potomac River 500,000t None 102 Cambridge 8,780 Choptank River 2,350,000 None ' 103 Cambridge 350 Choptank River 50,000 Settling Eastern Shore State Hospital 104 Camp Ritchie & Camp Louise 1,200 Red Falls Creek (Antietam Creek) 160,000 Coarse Screens, Pre-Chlorination, Settling, Sand Filters, Separate Sludge Digestion. Both camps open during summer months only 105 Camp Holabird ... Colgate Creek (Patapsco River) No Record Settling, Chlorination U. S. Army Post 106 Centerville 1,291* Corsica River (Chester River). 162,000t None 107 Chesapeake Beach Chesapeake Bay '..: 15,000t Settling, Chlorination Summer resort 108 Chestertown 2,869 Chester River 30,000 None 109 Conowingo 300 Susquehanna River 20,000t Settling, Chlorination 110 Crisfleld. 3,850* Little Annemessex River 216,000t None 111 Crownsville 1,100 Branch of Bacon Ridge Branch (South River) 150,000t Coarse Screen, Settling, Trickling Filter, Final Settling, Sand Filters Crownsville State Hospital 112 Cumberland. 39,483 Potomac River 7,000,000t None. 113 Deer Park . 249 Youghiogheny River None 114 Delmar 1,180* Branch of N. Branch of (Wicomico River). 135,000t Coarse Screens, Settling 115 Denton 1,611 Choptank River 180,000f None : 116 District of Columbia 486,869 Potomac River 95,000,000t Coarse Screens Easton N. Plant J Tred Avon River : 250,000 Coarse Screens, Pre-Chlorination, Settling. 117 4,235 118 Easton S. Plant £ Tred Avon River 425,000 Coarse Screens, Pre-Chlorination, Settling. 119 Eastport 1,468 Spa and Back Creeks 37,000 None •. 120 Emmitsburg. : 800 Branch of Monocacy River lOOOOOf Coarse Screens, Settling Mt. St. Mary's College 121 Emmitsburg 400 Toms Creek (Monocacy River) 100,000t Coarse Screens, Settling, Chlorination.... St. Joseph's Academy 122 Elkton 3,478 Elk River 250,000t None 123 Federalsburg 1,387 Nanticoke River 150,000t None f 1,500a ) 124 Fort Geo. G-. Meade Little Patuxent River (max.) 1,600,000 Coarse Screen, Settling, Chlorination U. S. Army Post. Average flow prorated I 5,000b J to water consumption=736,627 125 Frederick 15,173 College Creek (Monocacy River) l,500,000t None 126 Frostburg 5,588* Georges Creek and Jennings Run 400.0001 None 127 Gaithersburg and Washington Grove '2,500 (Potomac River). 57,60Dt Coarse Screens, Settling, Trickling Filter, Final Settling, Separate Sludge Digestion W. S. S. D.[| control

TABLE NO. 2—Continued. (Page 56)

No. Community 1932 Quantity Serial Population Point of Discharge of Sewage Treatment Remarks g. p. d.

128 Glenburnie 1,000 Patapsco River 40,000 None 129 Greensboro 780 Choptank River 50,000t None 130 Hagerstown. 31,475 Antietam Creek 2,500,000 Coarse and Fine Screens, Aeration, Settling. 131 Hancock 947* Potomac River 150,000t None 132 Havre de Grace 3,985* Susquehanna River 300,000t None 133 Henryton 165 Patapsco River 34,000t Coarse Screen, Settling, Chlorination Md. Tuberculosis Sanatorium—Colored Branch 134 Laurel 2,596 Patuxent River 280,000t None 135 Linthicum. 200 Branch of Patapsco River 8,000 Settling 136 Linthicum, Shipley and Over- look 1,225 Patapsco River 49,000 Settling 137 Loch Raven 400 Gunpowder Falls 65,000t Settling Maryland Training School for Boys 138 Lonaconing 2,508 Georges Creek 200,000t None 139 Luke 1,064* Potomac River 175,000t None. 140 McDonogh. 350 Gwynns Falls 80,000 None McDonogh School 141 1,000 Middle River 15,000 Coarse Screens, Settling, Trickling Filter, Final Settling, Sand Filters Glenn L. Martin Airplane Factory 142 Midland. . . . 865* Georges Creek 50,000t None 143 Mt. Pleasant 125 Keyser's Run (Patapsco River) 15,000 Coarse Screens, Settling, Trickling Filter, Chlorination. Tuberculosis Sanatorium 144 Mt. Wilson 220 Gwynns Falls 27,000t Coarse Screens, Settling, Chlorination'.. . . Md. Tuberculosis Sanatorium, Mt. Wilson Branch 145 North Linthicum 225 Branch—Patapsco River 10,000t Settling 146 Oakland 1,662 Little Youghiogheny River 15,000t None 147 Ocean City 998 Sinepuxent Bay 335,000t None 148 Owings Mills 1,100 Gwynns Falls 150,000f Coarse Screen, Settling, Trickling Filter.. Rosewood State Training Stehool 149 Perryville 715 Chesapeake Bay 50 000t None 150 Perry Point 1,800 Chesapeake Bay 600,000t None , U. S. Veterans' Bureau Hospital 151 Pocomoke City 2,645 Pocomoke River 150,000t None •152 Port Deposit 963* Susquehanna River 100,000t None 153 Preston 315* Choptank River 70,000t None 154 Princess Anne 976 Manokin River 162,000t None 155 Public Landing 250 Paw Paw Creek (Chincoteague Bay) No Record Settling, Chlorination Summer resort 156 Ridgely 703* Branch of Choptank River 118,000t None Sewage treatment plant has not been oper- ated, for years 157 Rockville 1,483 (Potomac River) 90,000 Coarse Screen, Settling, Sand Filters 158 Roxbury 75 Antietam Creek Settling and Separate Sludge Digestion... Maryland State Penal Farm—Plant under construction 159 Salisbury 11,753 Wicomico River 1,000,0001 None 160 Sanatorium 600 Friends Creek (Monocacy River) 88,000t Coarse Screens, Settling, Trickling Filter, Final Settling, Separate Sludge Digestion Maryland Tuberculosis Sanatorium 161 Savage 1,000 Little Patuxent River 20,000t Coarse Screens, Settling, Chlorination.... 162 Security 329 Antietam Creek '. 25,000t None 163 Snow Hill 1,604* Pocomoke River 216,000t None 164 St. Michaels 1.308* Miles River 75,000t None 165 Sykesville 2,800 Piney Run (Patapsco River) 470,000t Settling, Trickling Filter, Final Settling. . Springfield State Hospital 166 Tolchester Beach Chesapeake Bay No Record Coarse Screens, Settling, Sand Filters.... Summer resort 167 W. S. S. D.||.. :. 60,000 Anacostia River 4,000,000t Have numerous outlets in District event- ually reaching Potomac River 168 Westernport 3,440* Potomac River 450,000t None 169 Woodensburg 125 Branch of Patapsco River 20,000t Coarse Screens, Settling Montrose School for Girls

170 Berkeley Springs, W. Va 1.039* (Potomac River) 100,000t None '. 171 Charlestown, W. Va 2,434* Evitt Run (Shenandoah River) 275,000t Settling, Sludge Bed 172 Franklin, W. Va 431* S. Branch of Potomac River 50,000t None 173 Harpers Ferry and Bolivar, W. Va 1,300* Shenandoah and Potomac Rivers 150,000t None 174 Keyser, W. Va.. 6,048* New Creek and Potomac River 650,000t None 175 Martins burg, W. Va 14,857*11 Tuscarora Creek—. No Record Settling, Trickling Filter, Final Settling... H50%± 0f population contributes to disposal plant. Remainder, untreated to stream

TABLE NO. 2—Continued. (Page 57)

Serial Population Quantity No. Community 1932 Point of Discharge of Sewage Treatment Remarks g. p. d.

176 Moorefield, W. Va 734* S. Pork of S. Br. of Potomac River 60,000t None 177 Petersburg, W. Va 1,410* S. Branch of Potomac River. 70,000t None 178 Piedmont, W. Va 2,241* Potomac River 240,000t None 179 Ridgeley, W. Va 1,972* N. Branch of Potomac River 38,000t None 180 Romney, W. Va 1,441* S. Branch of Potomac River 60,000t None 181 Shepherdstown, W. Va 1,888* Potomac River 150,000t None

182 Alexandria, Va 24,149* Potomac River 3,000,000 3.0 m. g. d. filter plant—Sewage flow as- sumed same 183 Bridgewater, Va. . . 951* North River (Shenandoah River) 10,000§ None 184 Colonial Beach, Va 721* Potomac River 50,000 185 Edinburg, Va 498* N. Fork of Shenandoah River 50,0001 None 186 Elkton, Va. 965* S. Fork of Shenandoah River 90,000§ None 187 Front Royal, Va 2,424* S. Fork of Shenandoah River ." 1,000,000 None 1.0 m. g. d. filter plant—Sewage flow as- sumed same 188 Harrisonburg, Va 7,232* Blacks Run (Shenandoah River) 600,000§ Settled 189 Leesburg, Va 1,640* Tusoa.rora Creek (Goose Creek) No Record None 190 Luray, Va 1,459* Hawksbill Creek (Shenandoah River) 250,000§ None 191 Manassas, Va 1,215* Bull Run .' No Record Settling, Trickling Filter, Chlorination.... 192 Mt. Jackson, Va • 554* N. Fork of Shenandoah River 40,000§ None 193 New Market, Va 464* N. Fork of Shenandoah River No Record None 194 Quantico, Va 3,000* Chopawamsic Creek . .. -. 2,000,000 2.0 m. g. d. filter plant—Sewage flow as- sumed same 195 Shenandoah, Va 1,980* S. Fork of Shenandoah River 500,000t None. 0.5 m. g. d. filter plant—Sewage flow as- sumed same 196 Staunton, Va 11,990* Lewis Creek (Shenandoah River) 650,000§ None Year 1916 water consumption=1.3 m. g. d. Town 50% sewered,sewage flow assumed as 50% of 1.3 m. g. d. 197 Waynesboro, Va 6,226* .South River (Shenandoah River) 200,000§ None -. 198 Winchester, Va 10,885* Opequon Creek 800,000 Settling, Trickling Filter, Final Settling.. 199 Woodstock, Va 1,552* N. Fork of Shenandoah River 100,000§ None

200 Chambersburg, Pa 13,800± Conococheague Creek l,000,000t Settling, Trickling Filter, Final Settling, Sludge Beds 201 Gettybsurg, Pa 5,600± Marsh Creek (Monocacy River) 600,000t Screens, Settling, Contact Basin, Sludge Beds 202 Hyndman, Pa 1,200± Wady Run (Little Wills Creek) 50,000t None 203 Lower Oxford, Pa 2,600± Big Elk Ck., Little Elk Ck. and Tweed Ck... 60,000t None ;. . 204 Mt. Alto, Pa 1,000± Rocky Creek (Conococheague Creek)...'.... 150,000$ Settling, Trickling Filter, Chlorination, Fi- nal Settling, Sludge Beds Pennsylvania State Sanatorium 205 Waynesboro, Pa 9,700 ± Little Antietam Creek 1,400,000$ None

206 Bridgeville, Del. . 987* Nanticoke River 90,000$ None 90 Percent sewered 207 Laurel, Del 2,277* Nanticoke River 188,000$ None 75 Percent sewered 208 Seaford, Del 2,468* Nanticoke River 200,000$ None 80 Percent sewered

•Refers to Year 1930 Population. $Estimated. §Water Consumption as noted in 1916 Report on Pollution and Sanitary Condition of the Potomac River Watershed- -Treasury Department Bulletin No. 104, Feb. 1916. tAssumed same as Water Consumption. "B. C. M. D.=Baltimore County Metropolitan District. ||W. S. S. D.=Washington Suburban Sanitary District, a—9 months. b—3 months. • ••< i ". - . •

JEJL TABLE 3. INDUSTRIAL WASTE DISCHARGES. (Page 58)

Serial No. Location Name of Plant Point of Waste Discharge Source of Wastes Product Manufactured Waste Discharge, g. p. d. Treatment

209 Asbestos Congoleum-Nairn Co Patapsco River (N. Branch). Waste pulp from save-all process Congoleum flooring base Negligible Chemical precipitation. 210 Cumberland. . . Celanese Corp. of America Potomac River Acid discharge Artificial silk 13,000,000 Settling, cinder filters. 211 Cumberland Kelly-Springfield Tire Co Potomac River Cooling and condensing water Rubber products (auto tires) 30,000,000 2121 • f Union Tanning Co Wills Creek Soda and acid bleach, soaks, limes, bate-pool, spent liquors and washings.. Leather 118,500 213 I Cumberland -j Cumberland Laundry Co Wills Creek Rinse water and sanitary sewage Clean clothes 25,000 " 214 J [ N. & G. Taylor Co Direct to C. & 0. Canal. Cooling and condensing water, pickling tubs.f Tin plate 100,000 tlOOO gallons at 2% acid. 215 Elk"" Mills Baldwin Mfg. Co Big Elk Creek. Fabric dyeing .• Fabric dye works 40,000 Settled. 216 Franklintown Pranklintown Laundry Co Gwynns Palls Soapy water, grease and clothing dirt from washing and rinsing clothes.... Clean clothes 14,000 Chemical precipitation and sand filtration. 217 Frederick Union Mfg. Co (Monocacy R.). Manufacturing, finishing and dyeing hosiery Hosiery 20,000 None—300 employees (san. sewer to tank to creek). 218 Freeland Station Bentley Paper Mills, Inc Little Gunpowder Falls Wrapping, bogus and case lining paper manufacturing process Wrapping, bogus & case lining paper.. 229,000 (estimated). 219 Freeland Station James Lowe & Sons Little Gunpowder Falls Wrapping, bogus and case lining paper manufacturing process Wrapping, bogus & case lining paper.. 229,000 (estimated). 220 Glyndon Glyndon Laundry Slade Run (Gunpowder R.). . . Laundry process (washing and rinsing clothes) ; Clean clothes 30,000 None—20 employees. 221 Ilchester. Bartgis Bros. Co Patapsco River Paper pulp and small quantity of sulphite wood pulp condenser water Paper board 3,600,000 Improvised closed in save-all system. (Pulp waste is negligible.) 222 Luke West Virginia Pulp Paper Co. Potomac River Soda-ash recovery, condensing water, leacher wastes, lime absorption plant, digesters, pulp mill sewer, paper machines, heaters, save-all tanks, coating mills, black water, white water, reclaiming plant, and sanitary sewage.... Paper and activated carbon 8,000,000 Save-all process and lime burners. 223 Oakland Mills Melville Woolen Co Patapsco River Dyeing and wet finishing Woolen cloth • 40,000 None—3600 g. p. d. sanitary sewage. 224 Delia Wm. J. Dickey & Sons Patapsco River Dye vats, washers, floor washings, boiler blow-down, sanitary sewage, mis- cellaneous plant wastes Woolen cloth 250,000 None.

225 Providence • Jessup & Moore Paper Co., Kenmore Little Elk Creek Wash water Book-making paper. Some floor washings.. Save-all recovery—150 g. p. d. sanitary sewage. Mills 226 Rockland Rockland Bleachery & Dye Works.. Jones Falls Bleachers and de-sizers Fabric bleaching and de.-sizing. 40,000 None—Concentrated waste discharged once per day, above dam, 227 Williamsport W. D. Byron & Sons, Co., Inc Conococheague Creek Tan liquors, lime water, coke water, wash water, dyes, sumac, floor washings, over period of one-half hour. and sanitary sewage Leather tanning 300,000 None—400 employees. 228 Greenspring, W. Va Baltimore & Ohio R. R. Tie Treat- ment Plant Potomac River (N. Branch) Creosote drippings R. R. ties and R. R. timber. None Closed-in system, discharges allowed to reach river from the plant 229 Halltown, W. Va., nr. Harpers are accidental. Ferry Halltown Paper Board Co Branch of Shenandoah R Plant wastes Paper board 1,440,000 None. 230 Martinsburg, W. Va Berkeley Woolen Mills Tuscarora Creek .- Plant wastes Woolen goods 200,000 None. (Opequon Creek) 231 Moorefield, W. Va Union Tanning Company S. Fork of S. Branch of Potomac R.. Vats, tan liquors, floor washings, bleach, unhairing Leather. 16,148 Settled—capacity=3,015tb hide daily. (Moorefield Tannery) 232 Paw Paw, W. Va Paw Paw Tannery Potomac River (N. Branch) Tan liquors and associated waste Leather. 100,000 Settled—capacity=2,100n> hide daily. 233 Petersburg, W. Va Union Tanning Company Vats, tan liquors, floor washings, bleach, unhairing Leather. 28,320 Portion settled—capacity=5,280tt> hide daily. (Riverside Tannery) (S. Branch of Potomac R.) 234 Gore, Va Sand Washing Plant Black Creek Waste from sand washing plant Sand. . No record 235 Luray, Va Tannery Hawksbill Creek (Shenandoah R.). Tan liquors ." Leather 150,000* *1916 Potomac River report (present capacity=60 hides daily). 236] Crompton Shenandoah Co ] Soap, soda ash, caustic and some chlorine Corduroy 300,000± None. 237 ' Waynesboro, Va. 'Du Pont Rayon Co I South River Sulphuric and acetic acids Rayon .500,000± Settled. 238 Edison General Electric Co f (Shenandoah River) Fixing liquors, soda ash and chromic acid Electrical appliances No record None. 239 Stehlis Silk Mills I Wash water and marking dyes Silk. ... No record None. 240 Virginia Woolen Mills | Chrome dye, acetic acid, glauber salts, sulphuric acid, soap & fibrous material. Woolen cloth 125,000 None. 241 Winchester, Va -j Shenandoah Box Board Co }• Opequon Creek •- 4-Ply liner No record Save-all intercepts most fibrous material (raw product is old paper). 242 [Winchester Woolen Mills J Soda ash, soap, fibrous material and dirt Woolen cloth 47,000 None. 243 Chambersburg, Pa Chambersburg Gas Co Conococheague Creek Minor pollution Gas (185,000± cu. ft. per day) Separator, filter and partial recirculation for retention of tar & oil. 244 Gettysburg, Pa Gettysburg Gas Co. Rock Creek Minor pollution Gas (50,000± cu. ft. per day) Separators for tar removal. No recirculation of waste waters. 245 Lower Oxford, Pa Oxford Steam Laundry Big Elk Creek...' Waste from laundry Clean clothes 18,000± None. 246 Mercersburg, Pa W. D. Byron & Sons Co., Inc Conococheague Creek...... Waste from a mineral tannery process Leather Undetermined None. 247 Oxford, Pa Citizens Gas & Fuel Co Little Elk Creek Minor pollution Gas (40,000 cu. ft. per day) No record ' Separator for tar removal. 248 Waynesboro, Pa Waynesboro Gas Co Little Antietam Creek. Minor pollution Gas (138,000± cu. ft. per day) No record Separator for tar removal. Some waste water is recirculated.

TABLE 4—HYDRO-ELECTRIC PLANTS. (Page 59)

Total Output Drainage Height Storage Area of Dam Serial Operating Company Stream Head Horse Million Remarks No. Feet Power Square Miles Feet Gallons

249 Consolidated Gas, Electric Light & Power Co. of Balto Patapsco River 27 1,000 314 250 Maryland Realty Co. of Balto., Laurel, Md Patuxent River 33.5 Power plant inoperative since 1909—Capa- city unknown 251 Maryland Light & Power Co., Boons- boro, Md •. Antietam Creek 15 360 252 Susquehanna Power Co., Conowingoi Md Susquehanna River 378,000 253 Youghiogheny Hydro-Elec. Corp., nr. Friendsville, Md .Deep Creek 400 24,000 (Youghiogheny River) 254 Community Power Co., Petersburg, W. Va Potomac River 565 (South Branch) 255 Harpers Ferry Elec Light & Power Co., W. Va Potomac River 27 1,022 5 Negligible 256 Northern Virginia Power Co., Great Cacapon, "W. Va . 22 1,120 22 Run of River 257 Northern Virginia Power Co., Mill- ville, W. Va Shenandoah River 22.5 1,840 22.5 Run of River 258 Potomac Light & Power Co., Hedges- ville, W. Va Potomac River 16.5 1,120 16.5 Run of River 259 Potomac Light & Power Co., Shep- herdstown, W. Va Potomac River 17.5 1,000 17.5 Run of River '260 Bull Run Power Co., Manassas, Va.. .Bull Run 16 272 261 City of Harrisonburg, Va '.. .Shenandoah River 262 Massanutten Power Corp., nr. Shenan- doah, Va Shenandoah River 10.5 1,470 263 North River Elec. Co., nr. Bridge- water, Va Shenandoah River 10 163 264 Page Power Co., nr. Luray, Va Shenandoah River 14 2,550 "Luray Plant" Virginia Public Service Co., Va. 265 Edinburg Shenandoah River 12 220 (N. Fork) 266 Grottoes Shenandoah River 22 420 267 Leesburg Goose Creek 1'8 800 268 Rockland Shenandoah River 7 90 269 Timberville Shenandoah River 17.5 110 (N. Fork) 270 Woodstock Shenandoah River 16 360 (N. Fork) 271 Warren Power Co., Front Royal, Va. .Shenandoah River 11 1,200 (S. Fork) 272 Woodstock Elec. Light & Power Co., Woodstock, Va Shenandoah River Power purchased from J. I. Triplett, Wood- stock, Va. 273 Chambersburg Borough, Pa.. Conococheague Creek... 104 8 19 274 Cyrus S. Johnson, Fulton County, Pa.Great Tonoloway Creek. 63 10 12 275 Octoraro Water Co., Pa., Lower Ox- ford : Octoraro Creek 145 10 50 276 Penna. Water & Power Co., Holtwood, Pa Susquehanna River 53 ' 150,000 26,800 55 277 Safe Harbor Water Power Corp., Safe Harbor, Pa. . .' Susquehanna River 53* 255,000t 26,090 70 30,000t

•Ultimate Head=55 ft. tUltimate H. P.=510,000. JUseful storage.

TABLE 5. STEAM POWER STATIONS. (Page 60)

Installed Plant Capacity Quantity of Water Used—g. p. d. Serial No. . Operating Company Stream Condensing and Boiler Remarks Kw. H. P. Cooling Purposes Make-up

278 Con. Gas Elec. Light and Power 72,000 130,752,000* 49,200 Existing water consumption based on generation of 1,440,000 kw. hr. Co. of Baltimore, Gould Street. .Patapsco River 96,515 per day or a flat load of 60,000 kw.; condensing water 5,448,000 172,000 ] 312,000,000* 111,600 1 gal. per hr., make-up water 2,050 gal. per hr. Make-up water ultimate. ultimate ultimate j obtained from Baltimore City supply.

279 Pratt Street ...-. Patapsco River 20,000 26,810 62,400,000* 72,000 Water consumption based on generation of 480,000 kw. hr. per day. Condensing water 2,600,000 gal. per hr.; make-up water 3,000 gal. per hr.; make-up water obtained from Baltimore City supply.

280 Westport Patapsco River 165,000 221,180 459,024,000* 806,400 Max. Water consumption based on generation of 2,000,000 kw. hr. per day. 288,000 Min. Condensing water 19,126,000 gal. per hr.; make-up water 12,000 400,000 Assumed gal. per hr. (minimum) and 33,600 gal. per hr. (maximum). Make- Average up water obtained from Patapsco River.

281 Delmarva Power Co., Vienna. . Nanticoke River . 12,000 16,086 200,000* 60,000 Boiler make-up obtained from wells.

282 Easton Utilities Comm., Easton.. .Tred Avon River. 300t 402 1,728,000 12,000 Boiler make-up obtained from wells—Steam station is standby unit. Not operated continuously.

283 Municipal Elec. Light Plant, Antietam Creek 7,500 10,054 7,200,000 9,800 Boiler make-up from Antietam Creek. Hagerstown. .

284 North American Cement Corp., Security Antietam Creek 6,000 8,042 20,160,000 24,200 Boiler make-up from Antietam Creek (evaporated). 285 Perry Point, U. S. Veterans Bureau.Susquehanna River and Mill Creek 3,000 4,000 5,000,000 186,000 from Susquehar from Mill 286 The Potomac Edison Co., Cumber- land. . . Potomac River 10,000 13,404 52,000,000 32,000 Boiler make-up from Cumberland City supply.

287 Security Antietam Creek 10,000 13,404 59,600,000 372,000 Boiler make-up from Hagerstown City supply or Antietam Creek when possible. 288 Williamsport .Potomac River . 45,000 60,322 124,800,000 31,200 Boiler make-up from Potomac River (evaporated).

2'89 The United Railways & Elec. Co. of Baltimore, Owings Mills Gwynns Falls. .. 930 1,247 276,000 13,000 Boiler make-up from Gwynns Falls. 600 gallons daily used at plant for various purposes. 290 Keyser Light & Power Co., Keyser, W. Va Potomac River 500 670 * * * * * * * Standby unit—Boiler capacity 500 H. P. * * * * Make-up water from Keyser City supply. * * * Condensing and cooling water from Potomac River. 291 Northern Virginia Power Co., Mill- ville, W. Va Shenandoah River 8,700 10,800 Standby unit—Boiler capacity 3,008 H. P.

292 Virginia Public Service Co., Alex- andria, Va Potomac River ... 9,250 12,400 Not Metered* 9,600 Boiler make-up from Alexandria City supply.

293 Virginia Public Service Co., New Market, Va N. Fork Shenandoah River. 500 670 1,500,000 18,000 Plant shut down—^Available only for extreme emergency.

294 Chambersburg, Pa. (Borough of Chambersburg) Conococheague Creek (see remarks) 3,000 4,000 2,500,000 22,000 Condensing water from Falling Spring. Boiler make-up from Birch Run. Also has steam turbine of 3,300 H. P. •Tidewater. tEaston Utilities Comm. has an 800 Kw. Diesel Engine Generator Plant (Main Unit)

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(Page 63) TABLE 7. SUMMABT OF USES OF SURFACE STREAMS E* VARIOUS DRAINAGE BASINS.

Amounts of Use—g. p. d. A f ' Hydro- Drainage Steam Generating electric Amounts of Discharge Area K Purpose or Use Station Dam g. p. d. < - Drainage Area Owner or Operating Company A Serial Water r- ^ , * , , ->• > Population Square No. and Location Supply Condensing Horse Trade Miles Water Make-up Power Wastes Sewage (at Mouth)

1—OHIO RIVER BASIN 68.7 Casselman Riyer (at Pa. Line) 400,000** 5,588z 23 Frostburg .Municipality Water Supply 397.0 Youghiogheny RiTcr (at Pa. Line) No Record 249 113 Deer Park Municipality Sewage Discharge ... 15,0005 1,662 Oakland Municipality Sewage Discharge ... 146 24,000 253 Nr Frieiidsville Youghiogheny Hydro-electric Corp Hydro-electric Plant Total 400,000 24,000 15,000 1,911

2—POTOMAC RIVER BASIN 14,669 Potomac River „, . o , /•» -i- ' •/ 125,000 500 29 Kempton Davis Coal and Coke Company Water Supply (Auxiliary)

311 Stony River Dam West Virginia Pulp & Paper Company Auxiliary Plant Supply and for Control of Potomac River 116 Savage River 400,000 5,588z 22 Frostburg .Municipality Water Supply 3,340z .Municipality Water Supply 450,000 52 Westernport. .... 240,000 2,241z 40 Piedmont, W. Va. .Municipality Water Supply Potomac River 175,000 1,064 35 Luke West Virginia Pulp & Paper Company Water Supply 302 Luke West Virginia Pulp & Paper Company Mill Supply 8,000,000 222 Luke West Virginia Pulp & Paper Company Industrial Waste Discharge 73.9 Georges Creek 400,0005 5,588z 126 Frostburg Municipality Sewage Discharge 60 Lord The Consolidation Coal Company Water Supply 5,000 34 50,000 865z 36 Midland Municipality Water Supply 50,0005 865z 142 Midland Municipality Sewage Discharge : Lonaconing Lonaconing Water Company Water Supply I 32 200,000 | 2,508 33 Lonaconing. ... f Lonaconing Water Company Water Supply J 200,0005 2,508 Lonaconing Municipality Sewage Discharge 138 20,000 689z 5 Barton Barton Water and Electric Company Water Supply 20,000 689z 98 Barton Municipality Sewage Discharge Potomac River 175,000* 1,064 Municipality Sewage Discharge ... 139 Luke 450,0005 3,440z Municipality Sewage Discharge ... 168 Westernport. 240,0005 . 2,241z ._ Municipality Sewage Discharge ... 178 Piedmont, W. Va. t No record No record 290 Keyser, W. Va Keyser Light and Power Company Steam Power Station. New Creek 650,000 6,048z 56 Keyser, W. Va...... Municipality Water Supply ...,..•. Potomac River . 650,0005 6,048z 174 Keyser W Va Municipality Sewage Discharge Cumberland Celanese Corporation of America Industrial Waste Discharge 13,000,000 210 30,000,00011 211 Cumberland! '. Kelly-Springfield Tire Company Industrial Waste Discharge : 254 Wills Creek 80 Hyndman Pa. Hyndman Water Company Water Supply (Emergency Intake on Lit- tle Wills Creek) • 80,000 1,200:! 50,000° 1,200: '202 Hynaman, Pa Municipality Sewage Discharge 200 Barrellville Cumberland Coal Company Water Supply • 5,000 6 52,000,000 32,000 286 Cumberland The Potomac Edison Company Steam Power Station Potomac River „.,-,„. ^ u 118,500 212 Cumberland Union Tanning Company Industrial Waste Discharge Cumberland Cumberland Laundry Company Industrial Waste Discharge 25,000 213 100,000 214 Cumberland N. & G. Taylor Company Industrial Waste Discharge 298 Cumberland. . . . : Chesapeake & Ohio Canal Company Supply for Canal 7,000,0005 39,483 112 Cumberland Municipality Sewage Discharge 38,0005 l,972z 179 Ridgeley, W. Va Municipality Sewage Discharge ,

TABLE 7—Continued. (Page 64)

Amounts of Use—g. p. d. A Hydro- Drainage Steam Generating electric Amounts of.Discharge Area Purpose or Use Station Dam g. P. d. Serial Drainage Area Owner or Operating Company K v Population Square No. and Location Water , Supply. Condensing Horse Trade Miles Water Make-up Power Wastes Sewage Cat Mouth)

94.0 Eritts Creek 175z 75 Centerville, Pa Centerville Water Association Water Supply 6,000 Cumberland Municipality (Bvitts Creek Water Company). .Water Supply ( 12 )39, 483 11 Cumberland Municipality (Evitts Creek Water Company). .Water Supply } 7,000,000 Potomac River None 228 Greenspring, W. Va Baltimore & Ohio R. R. Tie Treatment Plant. ..Industrial Waste Discharge Potomac (South Branch) 431z Franklin, W. Va Municipality : Water Supply. 50,000 55 50,000« 431z 172 Franklin, W. Va Municipality Sewage Discharge 565 254 Petersburg W Va Community Power Company Hydro-electric Plant 58 Petersburg' W Va Municipality Water Supply (Infiltration Crib in Creek Bank). . 70,000 l,410z Petersburg, W. Va Union Tanning Company industrial Waste Discharge 28,320 233 70,000$ l,410z 177 Petersburg' W. Va Municipality Sewage Discharge Potomac (South Branch) South Fork 734z 57 Moorefield, W. Va Municipality Water Supply 60,000 Moorefield, W. Va Union Tanning Company '.. .Industrial Waste Discharge 16,148 231 60,0003 734z 176 Moorefield! W. Va Municipality Sewage Discharge Potomac (South Branch) Romney, W. Va Municipality Water Supply 60,000 l,441z 59 60,0005 l,441z 180 Romney, W. Va Municipality Sewage Discharge Potomac River „ , Paw Paw, W. Va Paw Paw Tannery Tannery Supply 310 100,000 232 Paw Paw] W. Va Paw Paw Tannery Industrial Waste Discharge • Great Cacapon River , , ^ . • * 1,120 256 Great Cacapon, W. Va Northern Virginia Power Company Hydro-electric Plant Little Tonoloway Creek 947z 27 Hancock Municipality Water Supply 150,000 Potomac River „ „ . 150,000$ 947z 131 Hancock Municipality ,... Sewage Discharge Warm Spring Run ' Berkeley Springs, W. Va... Municipality Sewage Discharge 10O,O00S l,039z 170 25.9 Tonoloway Creek . 274 Fulton County, Pa. Cyrus S. Johnson .• Hydro-electric Plant No Record Black Creek ; No Record 234 Gore W. Va • • Sand Washing Plant Potomac River . , „ „ ^ „..,*• TVI * 258 Hedgesville, W. Va Potomac Light & Power Company Hydro-electric Plant 1,120 24 •Hneerstown . ..Municipality (including Williamsport and g Funkstown) Water Supply 3,300,000 34,003 563 Conococheague Creek ,_ nnn 13,800± 76 Chambersburg, Pa Municipality Water Supply 1,500,000 Mt Alto Pa Pennsylvania State Sanatorium Sewage Discharge 150,000° 1,000 ± 204 600z 78 Fayetteville Pa .Fayetteville Water Company Water Supply 45,000 Chambersburg, Pa. Borough of Chambersburg Steam Generating Plant 2',500,000 22,000 294 1,000,000° 13,800: 200 Chambersburg! Pa. . . ! !.. .Borough of Chambersburg Sewage Discharge Chambersburg! Pa. Borough of Chambersburg Hydro-electric Plant •.' 273 No Record 243 Chambersburg, Pa Chambersburg Gas Co Industrial Waste Discharge Mercersburg Pa Mercersburg Water Company .Water Supply 200,000 l,700z 82 No Record 246 Mercersburg! Pa W D. Byron & Sons Co., Inc.: Industrial Waste Discharge Williamsport W D. Byron & Sons Co., Inc Tannery Supply 308 300,000 227 Williamsport W. D. Byron & Sons Co., Inc Industrial Waste Discharge 288 Williamsport Tlie Potomac Edison Company Steam Power Station , 124,800,000 31,200 Potomac River „ , „ „ ,..„,. 309 Williamsport The Potomac Edison Company Supply for Steam Generating Plant Opequon Creek . , _lT 125,000 240 Winchester Va Virginia Woolen Mills Industrial Waste Discharge Winchester' Va Shenandoah Box Board Co .Industrial Waste Discharge No Record 241 47,000 242 Winchester! Va Winchester Woolen Mills Industrial Waste Discharge 800,000 10,885z 198 Winchester! Va Municipality Sewage Discharge Martinsburg, W. Va Municipality Sewage Discharge No Record 14,857z 175 200,000 230 Martinsburg W. Va. . . .Berkeley Woolen Mills '. Industrial Waste Discharge ,

TABLE 7—Continued. (Page 65)

Amounts of Use—g. p. d. Hydro- Drainage Steam Generating electric Amounts of Discharge Area Purpose or Use Station Dam g. p. d. Serial Drainage Area Owner or Operating Company \ Population Square No. and Location Water Supply Condensing Horse Trade Miles Water Make-up Power Wastes Sewage (at Mouth)

Potomac River Shepherdstown, W. Va Potomac Light & Power Company Hydro-electric Plant 1,0.00 259 l,888z 60 Shepherdstown, W. Va Municipality Water Supply 150,000 Shepherdstown, W. Va.' Municipality Sewage Discharge 150,000* l,888z 181 292 9 Camp Louise Daughters of Israel Water Supply (Summer Camp) 25,000 297 Camp Ritchie State of Maryland (Md. National Guard Camp) .Water Supply for Camp Louise and Recre- ation 104 Camp Ritchie and Camp Louise State of Maryland (Md. National Guard Camp), Daughters of Israel Sewage Discharge ' 160,000 1,200 Rouzerville, Pa Rouzerville Water Company Water Supply 48,000 l,500z 85 9,700± 86 Wayneshoro, Pa Municipality Water Supply 1,000,000 No Record 248 Wayneshoro, Pa Wayneshoro Gas Company Industrial Waste Discharge Mt. Alto, Pa Pennsylvania State Sanatorium Water Supply 137,000 1,000± 83 292 Antietiuu Creek . 1,400,000° 9,700± 205 Wayneshoro, Pa Municipality Sewage Discharge 25 Hagerstown Municipality (including Smithsburg) Water Supply I 32,076 26 Hagerstown Municipality Water Supply j 1,200,000 Security The Potomac Edison Company Steam Power Station • 59,600,000 372,000 287 24,200 284 Security North American Cement Corporation Steam Power Station 20,160,000 25,0003 329 162 Security Municipality Sewage Discharge 7,200,000 9,800 283 Hagerstown Municipal Electric Light Plant Steam Power Station 130 Hagerstown Municipality Sewage Discharge 2,500,000 31,475 158 • Roxbury Maryland State Penal Farm Sewage Discharge See Table 2 75 251 Boonsboro. Maryland Light & Power Company Hydro-electric Plant ". . 360 Potomac Riyer 255 Harpers Perry, W. Va Harpers Ferry Electric Light & Power Co Hydro-electric Plant 1,022 Shenandoah (South Fork) 200,000x 6,226z 197 Wayneshoro, Va Municipality Sewage Discharge c 236 Wayneshoro, Va Crompton Shenandoah Co Industrial Waste Discharge 300,000± 237 Wayneshoro, Va Dupont Rayon Co Industrial Waste Discharge 500,000± 238 Wayneshoro, Va Edison General Elec. Co Industrial Waste Discharge. No Record 239 Wayneshoro, Va Stehlis Silk Mills Industrial Waste Discharge No Record 266 Grottoes, Va Virginia Public Service Company Hydro-electric Plant 420 196 IStaunton, Va Municipality Sewage Discharge 650,000x ll,990z 72 iStaunton, Va Municipality Water Supply 1,300,0001 ll,990z 65 Harrisonburg, Va Municipality Water Supply 600,000t 7,2325 183 Bridgewater, Va: .Municipality Sewage Discharge 10,000x 951z 188 Harrisonburg, Va Municipality Sewage Discharge 600,000x 7,232z 263 Nr. Bridgewater, Va... North River Electric Company Hydro-electric Plant 163 261 Harrisonburg, Va Municipality Hydro-electric Plant 186 Elkton, Va Municipality Sewage Discharge 90,000x 965z 70 Shenandoah, Va Municipality : Water Supply (Filter Plant Capacity 0.5 m. g. d.) 500,000 l,980z 71 Shenandoah, Va. Municipality Water Supply (Filter Plant Capacity 1.0 m. g. d.) 1,000,000 300 195 Shenandoah, Va. Municipality Sewage Discharge 500,000? l,980z 262 Nr. Shenandoah, Va Massanutten Power Corporation Hydro-electric Plant 1,470 264 Nr. Luray, Va Page Power Company Hydro-electric Plant 2,550 66 Luray, Va Municipality Water Supply 250,000t l,459z 235 Luray, Va ' Industrial Waste Discharge 150,00011 190 Luray! Va. ! .Municipality Sewage Discharge 250,000x l,459z 64 Front Royal, Va Municipality Water Supply (Filter Plant Capacity 1.0 m. g. d.) 1,000,000 2,424z 271 Front Royal, Va Warren Power Company Hydro-electric Plant 1,200 187 Front Royal, Va Municipality Sewage Discharge 1,000,000 2,424z Shenandoah (Xorth Fork) 269 Timberville, Va Virginia Public Service Company Hydro-electric Plant 110 68 New Market Va Municipality Water Supply No Record 464z 193 New Market Va Municipality Sewage Discharge No Record 464z 293 New Market Va Virginia Public Service Company Steam Power Station 1,500,000 18,000 67 • Mt. Jackson, Va Municipality Water Supply 40,000t 554z 192 Mt. Jackson, Va Municipality Sewage Discharge 40,000x 554z 185 Edinburg, Va Municipality Sewage Discharge 50,000x 498z

TABLE 7—Continued. (Page 66)

Amounts of Use—g. p. d. , *- ^ Hydro- Drainage Steam Generating electric Amounts of Discharge Area Serial Drainage Area K No. and Location Owner or Operating Company Purpose or Use Station Dam g. p. d. < > Water < * \ v Population Square Supply Condensing Horse Trade Miles Water Make-up Power Wastes Sewage . (at Mouth)

74 Woodstock, Va Municipality .Water Supply 100,000t l,552z 265 Edinburg, Va. . . Virginia Public Service Company Hydro-electric Plant 220 199 Woodstock, Va. Municipality Sewage Discharge 100,000x l,552z 270 Woodstock, Va Virginia Public Service Company Hydro-electric Plant 360 63 Edinburg, Vai. Municipality Water Supply 50,000 498z 73 Strasburg, Va Municipality Water Supply • 100,000t l,901z Shennndoah River 62 Berryville, Va. Municipality Water Supply • 80,000t l,094z 171 Charlestown, W. Va Municipality Sewage Discharge 275,000? 2,434z 229 Halltpwn, W. Va Halltown Paper Board Company Industrial Waste Discharge 1,440,000 291 Millville, W. Va Northern Virginia Power Company Steam Power Station 257 Millville, W. Va Northern Virginia Power Company Hydro-electric Plant 1,840 Potomac River 173 Harpers Ferry and Bolivar, W. Va. Municipality Sewage Discharge 150,000; l,300z 101 Brunswick Municipality Sewage Discharge 500,0005 3,671 Monocacy River 970 244 Gettysburg, Pa Gettysburg Gas Company. ; Industrial Waste Discharge 201 Gettysburg, Pa Municipality Sewage Discharge ..: 600,000° 5,600± 79 Gettysburg, Pa Gettysburg Water Company Water Supply 500,000 5,600± 160 Sanatorium. . •. Maryland Tuberculosis Sanatorium Sewage Discharge 88,00OS 600 16 Emmitsburg Emmitsburg Water Company Water Supply (Auxiliary Supply) No Record 1,300 121 Emmitsburg St. Joseph's Academy Sewage Discharge 100,OOOS 400 120 Emmitsburg Mt. St. Mary's College Sewage Discharge : 100,000? 800 43 Sanatorium Maryland Tuberculosis Sanatorium Water Supply (Auxiliary Supply) 88,000 600 47 Thurmont. . . .' Mechanicstown Water Company Water Supply 100,000 1,209 18 Frederick Municipality Water Supply ] 20 Frederick Municipality Water Supply (Auxiliary Supply) > 1,500,000 15,173 19 Frederick Municipality. Water Supply J 48 Walkersville Walkersville Water Company. Water Supply 50,000 629 217 Frederick Union Manufacturing Company Industrial Waste Discharge 20,000 125 Frederick *. Municipality .Sewage Discharge l,50O,00OS 15,173 21 Frederick Municipality .- Water Supply (Auxiliary Supply) Goose Creek 189 Leesburg, Va Municipality Sewage Discharge No Record l,640z 267 Leesburg, Va Virginia Public Service Company Hydro-electric Plant 800 Muddy Branch • 19.2 127 Gaithersburg and Washing- ton Grove Municipality Sewage Discharge 57,600S 2,500 Potomac River 13 Dist. of Columbia Municipality Water Supply 95,000,000 486,869z Cabin John Creek 25.6 157 Bockville Municipality Sewage Discharge 90,000 1,483 Anacostia River . 170 49 Burnt Mills Washington Suburban Sanitary Commission.. .Water Supply 1 51 Takoma Park Washington Suburban Sanitary Commission.. .Water Supply (In Reserve) !• 4,000,000 i 60,000 50 Hyattsville Washington Suburban Sanitary Commission.. .Water Supply J 167 W. S. S. D Washington Suburban Sanitary Commission.. .Sewage Discharge 4,000,0005 60,000 Potomac River 116 Dist. of Columbia Municipality Sewage Discharge 95,000,0005 486,869z 292 Alexandria, Va Virginia Public Service Company. Steam Power Station NotMetered 9,600 Holmes Run 61 Alexandria, Va Municipality .Water Supply (Filter Plant Capacity=3.0 m. g. d.) 3,000,000 24,149z Potomac River 182 Alexandria, Va Municipality Sewage Discharge 3,000,000$ 24,149z Bull Run 191 Manassas, Va Municipality Sewage Discharge No Record l,215z 260 Manassas, Va Bull Run Power Company Hydro-electric Plant 272' Potomac River 194 Quantico, Va U. S. Marine Corps • Sewage Discharge :..... 2,000,0003 ' 3,000z Chopavvamsic Creek 69 Quantico, Va U. S. Marine Corps Water Supply (Filter Plant Capacity=2.0 m. g. d.) 2,000,000 3,000z Potomac River 184 Colonial Beach, Va Municipality Sewage Discharge 50,000 721z Total 128,659,000 267,760,000 518,800 14,682' 54,469,968 127,448,600 815,928

TABLE 7—Continued. (Page 67)

Amounts of Use—g. p. d. A _^ . i ^ : \ Hydro- Drainage Steam Generating electric Amounts of Discharge Area Serial Drainage Area Owner or Operating Company Purpose or Use Station Dam g. p. d. No. and Location Water i * N \ Population Square Supply Condensing Horse Trade Miles Water Make-up Power Wastes Sewage (at Mouth)

3_SUSQUEHANNA RIVER BASIN Susquehanna River 27,469.0 277 Safe Harbor, Pa Safe Harbor Water Power Corporation Hydro-electric Plant 255,0000 276 Holtwood, Pa Pennsylvania Water & Power Company Hydro-electric Plant 150,000 10 Conowingo Susquehanna Power Company Water Supply 10,000 300 252 Conowingo Susquehanna Power Company Hydro-electric Plant 378,000 109 Conowingo Susquehanna Power Company Sewage Discharge 20,0003 300 Octoraro Creek 210.0 84 Parkesburg Borough, Pa.. .Parkesburg Water Company Water Supply 78,000 2,300 77 Colerain Township, Pa Octoraro Water Company Water Supply j No Record 81 Lower Oxford, Pa Octoraro Water Company .Water Supply ) 2,000,000 2,600± 203 Lower Oxford, Pa. . Municipality Sewage Discharge 20,000° 2,600± 275 Lower Oxford, Pa. . Octoraro Water Company Hydro-electric Plant Susquehanna Rirer 41 Port Deposit. . • . . Municipality Water Supply 100,000 963z 152 Port Deposit. . . . . Municipality Sewage Discharge 100,0003 963z 28 Havre de Grace.. . Municipality Water Supply 300,000 3,985z 132 •Havre de Grace.. .Municipality Sewage Discharge 300,0003 3,985z Total 2,488,000 783,000 440,000 7,548

4—CHESAPEAKE BAY BASIN—WESTERN SHORE Swan Creek 26.5 87 Aberdeen Municipality Sewage Discharge ._ 100,000 1,278 Aberdeen Proving Grounds.U. S. Army Sewage Discharge (Army Post) 250,000 500 Gunpowder River 472.0 219 Freeland Station. James Lowe & Sons Industrial Waste Discharge 229,000 ± 218 Preeland Station Bentley Paper Mills, Inc Industrial Waste Discharge 229,000± 307 White Hall White Hall Paper Mill Company Mill Supply 3 Prettyboy Baltimore City Water Supply — 220 Glyndon Glyndon Laundry Industrial Waste Discharge 30,000 2 Loch Raven. Baltimore City (including B. C. M. D.) Water Supply 116,000,000 875,470 97 Towson Eudowood Sanatorium Sewage Discharge ' -. 30,000 250 137 Loch Raven Maryland Training School for Boys Sewage Discharge 65,0003 400 Middle River 141 Middle River Glenn L. Martin Airplane Factory .Sewage Discharge 15,000 1,000 Back River 62.4 94 Overlea Baltimore County Metropolitan Commission... Sewage Discharge 1,500,000 90 Back R. Sewage Plant Baltimore City Sewage Discharge 62,000,000 820,470 Patapsco R. (North Branch) 171.0 53 Westminster. Consolidated Public Utilities Company Water Supply 400,000 4,670 54 Woodensburg Montrose School for Girls Water Supply 20,000 125 169 Woodensburg Montrose School for Girls Sewage Discharge 20,0003 125 296 Asbestos Congoleum-Nairn Company Plant Supply 209 Asbestos Congoleum-Nairn Company Industrial Waste Discharge. Negligible 143 Mt. Pleasant Mt. Pleasant Sanatorium Sewage Discharge 15,000 125 303 Oakland Mills Melville Woolen Company Mill Supply 223 Oakland Mills Melville Woolen Company Industrial Waste Discharge. 40,000 3,600 200 Patapsco R. (South Branch) 85.7 133 Henryton Maryland Tuberculosis Sanatorium Sewage Discharge 34,0003 165 46 Sykesville Springfield State Hospital Water Supply 500,000 ' 2,800 165 Sykesville Springfield State Hospital Sewage Discharge 470,0003 2,800 Patapsco River 611.0 295 Alberton James S. Gary & Sons, Inc Mill Supply 304 Oella Wm. J. Dickey & Sons Mill Supply 224 Oella .- Wm. J. Dickey & Sons Industrial Waste Discharge. 250,000 15 Ellicott City '. Ellicott City Water Company Water Supply 90,000 1,216 300 Ilchester Bartgis Brothers Co Mill Supply 221 Ilchester Bartgis Brothers Co Industrial Waste Discharge. 3,600,000 249 Avalon Consolidated Gas Elec. Light & Power Co Hydro-electric Plant 1,000 4 Avalon Baltimore City Water Supply 93 Halethorpe Baltimore County Metropolitan Commission.. .Sewage Discharge 2,035,000 14,000 135 Linthicum .Anne Arundel County Sanitary Commission.. .Sewage Discharge 8,000 200 145 North Linthicum Anne Arundel County Sanitary Commission.. .Sewage Discharge 10,000° 22'5 136 Linthicum, Shipley and Overlook Anne Arundel County Sanitary Commission.. .Sewage Discharge 49,000 1,225

TABLE 7—Continued. (Page 68)

Amounts of Use—g. p. d. , A . Hydro- Drainage Steam Generating electric Amounts of Discharge . Area Serial Drainage Area Owner or Operating Company Purpose or Use Station Dam g. p. d. , , * \ No. and Location Water , * N i * \ i * \ Population Square Supply Condensing Horse Trade Miles Water Make-up Power Wastes Sewage (at Mouth)

Gwynns Falls 65.5 37 Owings Mills Rosewood State Training School Water Supply 150,000 1,100 289 Owings Mills The United Railways & Blec. Co. of Baltimore.Steam Power Station 276,000 13,000 148 Owings Mills Rosewood State Training School Sewage Discharge 150,0001 1,100 140 McDonogh. McDonogh School Sewage Discharge 80,000 350 144 Mt. Wilson Maryland Tuberculosis Sanatorium Sewage Discharge 27,000S 220 216 Franklintown Franklintown Laundry Company Industrial Waste Discharge 14,000 Jones Falls 59.0 305 Rockland Rockland Bleachery & Dye Works Plant Supply 226 Rockland Rockland Bleachery & Dye Works Industrial Waste Discharge 40,000 96 Towson Baltimore County Metropolitan Commission.. .Sewage Discharge 500,000 6,000 301 Lake Roland Baltimore City Abandoned Source of Water Supply. Patapsco River 611.0 280 Westport, Baltimore City. .Consolidated Gas Elec. Light & Power Co Steam Power Station 459,024,000$ 400,000 130,752,000t 49,200 278 Gould St., Baltimore City. .Consolidated Gas Elec. Light & Power Co Steam Power Station. f 312,000,000 111,600 { ultimate ultimate 279 Pratt St., Baltimore City.. .Consolidated Gas Elec. Light & Power Co.'. Steam Power Station 62,400,000$ 72,000 105 Camp Holabird. U. S. Army Sewage Discharge (Army Post) No Record 91 Curtis Bay Baltimore City Sewage Discharge 72,000 533° Curtis Creek 35.7 128 Glenburnie Anne Arundel County Sanitary Commission... Sewage Discharge , 40,000 1,000 Patapsco River 92 Dundalk Bethlehem Steel Company Sewage Discharge 400,000 6,500 95 Sparrows Point Bethlehem Steel Company Sewage Discharge 1,000,000 10,000 Severn River 68.9 45 Sherwood Forest Sherwood Forest Company Water Supply—mostly summer resort... 100,000 500 . 89 Annapolis & Naval AcademyMunicipality Sewage Discharge 2,500,000 12l,820 119 Eastport Municipality Sewage Discharge 37,000 1,468 South River 66.1 111 Crownsville Crownsville State Hospital Sewage Discharge 150,0003 1,100 1 Annaipolis Annapolis Water Company Water Supply -. 1,500,000 12,820 Chesapeake Bay 107 Chesapeake Beach Municipality Sewage Discharge (Summer Resort).... 15,000# Sum. Res. Little Patuxent River 161.0 44 Savage Savage Manufacturing Company Water Supply 20,000 1,000 306 Savage '. Savage Mainufacturing Company Plant Supply 161 Savage Savage Manufacturing Company Sewage Discharge 20,000S 1,000 8 Bridewell Maryland House of Correction Auxiliary Water Supply Auxiliary 1,400 7 Bridewell Maryland House of Correction Water Supply 200,000 1,400 100 Bridewell Maryland House of Correction Sewage Discharge 200,000 1,400 17 Fort Geo. G. Meade U. S Army Water Supply (9 Mos. = 500,000, 3 Mos.= 1,800,000=827,671 Average) 827,671 124 Fort Geo. G. Meade,... U. S. Army.., .Sewage Discharge (Army Post) 736,627 11.1500—9 Mos. I 6.'000—3 Mos. Patuxent River 932.0 250 Laurel Maryland Realty Co. of Baltimore .Hydro-electric Plant (Inoperative since 1909) Unknown 134 Laurel Municipality Sewage Discharge 280,0003 2,596 30 Laurel. . Municipality , Water Supply 280,000 2,596 Total 120,087,671 652,452,000 534,200 1,000 4,432,000 72,812,227 928,153 5—CHESAPEAKE BAY BASIN—EASTERN SHORE Mill Creek 38 Perry Point .-. U. S. Veterans Bureau Hospital Water Supply 600,000 1,800 39 Perryville. . .' Perryville Water Company ' Water Supply 50,000 715 285 Perry Point U. S. Veterans Bureau Hospital Steam Power Station 5,000,000§ 186,000£ Chesapeake Bay 149 Perryville Municipality Sewage Discharge /. 50,0005 715 150 Perry Point. . . .' U. S. Veterans Bureau Hospital Sewage Discharge 600,0003 1,800 Elk River 267.0 203 Lower Oxford, Pa Municipality : Sewage Discharge 20,000 2,600± 245 Lower Oxford, Pa Oxford Steam Laundry Industrial Waste Discharge. 18,000

TABLE 7—Continued. (Page 69)

Amounts of Use—g. p. d. Hydro- Drainage Steam Generating electric Amounts of Discharge Area Serial Drainage Area Owner or Operating Company Purpose or Use Station Dam g. p. d. No. and Location Water , * N > Population Square Supply Condensing Horse Trade Miles Water Make-up Power Wastes Sewage (at Mouth)

299 Elk Mills Baldwin Manufacturing Company Mill Supply 215 Elk Mills Baldwin Manufacturing Company Industrial Waste Discharge 40,000 14 Elkton Municipality Water Supply 250,000 3,478 122 Elkton Municipality Sewage Discharge 250,0003 3,478 Little Elk Creek 41.9 203 Lower Oxford, Pa Municipality Sewage Discharge 20,000 2,600± 247 Lower Oxford, Pa Citizens Gas & Fuel Co Gas Manufacture—Waste Discharge. No Record 225 Providence Jessup & Moore Paper Co., Kenmore Mills Industrial Waste 'Discharge Save-all 150 Sassafras Riyer 104.0 99 Betterton Municipality Sewage Discharge—Summer Resort. No Record 296z Chesapeake Bay 166 Tolchester Beach Summer Resort Sewage Discharge No Record Sum. Res. Chester Riyer 446.0 108 Chestertown Municipality • Sewage Discharge 30,000 2,869 Corsica Riyer 36.3 106 Centerville. . . . Municipality Sewage Discharge .. 162,000$ 1,2912 Miles River 54.4 164 St. Michaels. . . Municipality Sewage Discharge .. 75,000! l,308z Tred Avon River 45.8 282 Easton Easton Utilities Commission Steam Power Station. 1,728,000 12,000 117 Easton .Municipality ' Sewage Discharge—North Plant. 250,000 ) 118 Easton .Municipality Sewage Discharge—South Plant. 425,000 ) 4,235 Choptank River 795.0 129 Greensboro. . . Municipality Sewage Discharge 50,0005 780 156 Ridgely- ..... Municipality Sewage Discharge 118,O00S 703z 115 Denton Municipality Sewage Discharge 180,0003 1,611 153 Preston. Municipality ' Sewage Discharge 70,000 315z 103 Cambridge. . .' Eastern Shore State Hospital .Sewage Discharge 50,000? 350 102 Cambridge . Municipality Sewage Discharge 2,350,000 8,780 Nanticoke River 815.0 206 Bridgeville, Del Municipality .- Sewage Discharge 90,000°' 987z 208 Seaford, Del. . . Municipality Sewage Discharge 200,000° 2,468z 207 Laurel, Del. . . . Municipality Sewage Discharge—75% Sewered. 188,000° 2,277z 123 Federalsburg. Municipality Sewage Discharge 150,0003 1,387 281 Vienna Delmarva Power Company Steam Power Station 200,000t 60,000 Wicomico River 238.0 114 Delmar Municipality Sewage Discharge 135,0003 l,180z 42 Salisbury Municipality Emergency Water Supply 11,753 159 Salisbury Municipality Sewage Discharge 1,000,0003 11,753 Manokin River 125.0 154 Princess Anne . Municipality Sewage Discharge 162,0003 976 Little Annemessex River 110 Crisfield .Municipality Sewage Discharge 216,0003 3,850z Pocomoke River 488.0 163 Snow Hill . Municipality Sewage Discharge 216,0003 l,604z 151 Pocomoke City . Municipality Sewage Discharge 150,0003 2,645 Total 900,000 6,928,000 258,000 58,000 7,207,150 6Q,258 6—ATLANTIC COAST Sinepnxent Bay 147 Ocean City . Municipality Sewage Discharge 335,0003 998 Chincotengue Bay 155 Public Landing. . . Municipality Sewage Discharge No Record 250

Total 335,000 1,248 Grand Total 252,134,671 927,140,000 1,311,000 822,682* 58,959,968 • 208.257,977 1,814,746

JTidewater. "Estimated. fWater consumption in 1916. Taken from 1916 Potomac River Report. §Taken from Susquehanna River. flCooling and condensing water. *Includes 90 H. P. for dam at Rockland, Va., but not indicated on table. fTaken from Mill Creek. zl930 Population. xAssumed same as water consumption in 1916. Taken from 1916 Potomac River Report. OUltimate Horsepower=510,000. "Not included in total. lAssumed same as water consumption.

71

TABLE 8. UNDERGROUND WATER SUPPLIES IN MARYLAND.

Community Population Water No. ol 1932 Consumed Wells Remarks g. p. d.

Aberdeen 1,278 85,000 4 Wells at 6"; 2 at 12" Aberdeen Proving Grounds 500 400,000 Softening Annapolis 12,820 1,500,000 Layne-Atlantic Wells Barton 689 50,000 Also Stream Bel Air 1,773 45,000 Also Springs Berlin 1,505 120,000 Kelly Well Blue Ridge Summit. 500 100,000 3 Auxiliary Wells Boonsboro 894t 40,000 Springs Braddock Heights .. 674 10,000 4 Springs Brunswick 3,671 500,000 Also Springs Burkittsville 173 4,000 Spring Cambridge 8,780 2,500,000 1-12" at 380', 1-10" at 382', 1-10" at 372', 1-10" at 380', 2-10" at 380' Cardiff 72 3,000 Wells in Delta, Pa. Centerville 1,291 162,000 Chesapeake Beach Sum. Res 15,000 Artesian Wells Chestertown 2,869 86,000 Kelly Wells Crisfield 3,850 216,000 Delmar 1,180 135,000 3 at 4%", 24', 25' and 26' deep; 1 at 3", 85' deep; 2 at 6", 25' and 35' deep Denton 1,611 180,000 1 Well 8" diam., 310' deep; 2 at 6", 300' deep East New Market. 2'22 12,000 1 4" Well at 290' deep (30' of 6") Easton 4,235 360,000 4 1 at 1100', 1 at 120' deep Elkton 3,413 250,000 Spring—Stream is Auxiliary Supply Ellicott City 1,216 90,000 2 Auxiliary Supply Emmitsburg 1,300 100,000 2 4 Springs Federalsburg 1,379 150,000 2 Lime Treatment Friendsville 513 25,000 2 Springs Frostburg 5,588 400,000 6 Auxiliary Supply Gaithersburg 1,142 67,600 3 Gibson Island Sum. Res 75,000 1 Glenburnie 1,000 50,000 1 Greensboro 780 50,000 2 8" Wells, 365' deep Hurlock 765 72,000 15 2" diameter, 50' deep Indian Head 1,240 8,000 9 Supply of U. S. Navy Ordnance Depot La Plata 339 14,000 1 665' deep La Vale 1,000 100,000 1 Deep Well, 3 Springs Leonardtown 728 90,000 1 1 Auxiliary Well at Ice Plant Loch Lynn* 198 10,000 6 Springs* Matapeake (Ferry Supply). 20,000 1 6" Well, 640' deep (6" to 400'' deep) Midland .. 865 50,000 2 Artesian Wells—8" at 90' deep 6" at 208' deep Lonaconing 2,508 200,000 Middletown ... 833 50,000 17 Springs Mt. Airy 883 75,000 107' Wells Mt. Lake Park. 342 100,000 6 Springs* New Windsor . 503 20,000 1 Spring Oakland 1,662 15,000 Also 1 Spring Oakland Mills . 500 20,000 3 Springs Ocean City 998 135,000t 3 at Plant No. 1, 6 at Plant No. 2 540,000§ Overlook 440 110,000 Oxford 915 60,000 6" Well, 680' deep Pen Mar 2,000 20,000 Spring and Stream Pocomoke City 2,645 150,000 5 Shallow Kelly Wells; 1 at 130'; COi Removal •Joint supply with Mt. Lake Park. tl930 Population. JWinter. §Summer. 00£'ST8'8T S9S'0ST IB^ox pnBJO 009'iS6 T66'9 WOJ, sSuuds osie JsnsM. daaa s 000'9i 00s ain^psni araox I 009'S 99 JOJ auioH aSpijqAiBJig 8 OOO'OOT 009 Sanqs^itnuia 'aSanoo s.qdasop -jg Suiafls 000'OT 91 UAioisaaSBH 'looqog saraBf ^g T OOO'T £9 aiBnia^ S.XJBM ig ItaM. raoaj p -a S 000'Of T 000'OSS 09T'T looqog Su\ -niBJi, ajB^g pooAiasoH daap ,992 'aejamBip „g T OOO'OS OST -TBIO 'innuo^naAejti T OOO'OOT 009 Sanqs^iuiuia 'S/JBIM '}g "m sSnudg g osiv 8 000'H 001 -BHBg ^UBSBaid "iM x XaBin nV SB Pssn sipAi * 000'88 009 umuoiBUBg sisoino jaqnx PUBIXJBIM daep ,01? 'JQ^suiBip ,,9 Z 000'09 OSS aiB?s aaoqg uja^sBa onnBnv-anX'BT ,,98 o; ^.g-x '„0T-T ^S"! 8 OOO'OOT 01* looqog SniuiBJX iDiJiSia XaBtiixny SB pesn s 8 000'9ST OOO'T IB^idsoH a^Bjg aniAsuAioao sSuiads 8 osiv T OOO'OS 00? (looqos ^B lood SnjmniTAig) sSuudg g OOO'OS SOT looqog IIBH a?;oiJBqo Sniads T osiv S OOO'ST OST looqog IBIUJON aimog nonmnsni

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fl 75

TABLE 10A.

ADDITIONAL, STREAM GAGING STATIONS IN MARYLAND.

Name of Stream and Period of Drainage Financed by Location of Gaging Record Area (in cooperation Station •* Sq. Miles with U. S. G. S.)

1 Big Elk Creek, Elk Mills, Md.. April, 1932- 52. 6 State of Maryland 2 Big Piney Run, Salisbury, Pa.. June, 1932- 24. 5 State of Maryland 3 Broad Creek, Mill Green, Md... 1905-1909 16, .4- 4 Catoctin Creek, Jefferson, Md.. 1928-1931 111 5 Deer Creek, Churchville, Md. .. 1905-1909 141 6 Great Seneca Creek, Gaithers- burg, Md 1925-1931 41.0 Wash. Sub. San. Comm. 7 Gunpowder Falls, Glencoe, Md. 1905-1909 160 8 Little Gunpowder Falls, Bel Air, Md 1905-1909 45 .0 9 Little Patuxent River, Guil- Jord, Md May, 1932- 38 .0 State of Maryland 10 Northeast Branch Anacostia River, Hyattsville, Md 1911-1912 75. 0 11 Northwest Branch Anacostia River, Bladensburg, Md 1911-1913 52 ,0 12 Octoraro Creek, Rising Sun, Md. April, 1932- 191 State of Maryland 13 Octoraro Creek, Rowlandsville, Md • • • 1896-1899 209 14 Patapsco River, Woodstock, Md. 1896-1909 251 15 Patuxent River, Laurel, Md 1896-1898 137 16 Potomac River, Hancock, Md... Oct., 1932- 4,070 State of Maryland and 17 Youghiogheny River, Friends- U. S. Weather Bureau ville, Md 1898-1904 298

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82, APPENDIX C

MAP SHOWING LOCATION OF WATER USES ON STREAMS

IN OR CONTRIBUTING TO MARYLAND.

APPENDIX D

SUMMARY OF WATER RESOURCES CONTROL IN STATES

IN THE UNITED STATES. - I WATEE RESOURCES CONTROL IX STATES—INDICATION OF PERTINENT LEGISLATIVE AUTHORITY (Page 83) (The summary below ia intended to present a general picture only of the regulatory practice in the various states of the United States. It is not sufficiently detailed or comprehensive to be used for accurate reference in the case of any of the individual statutes.)

Httv S^^,?^?^? ^' CENTRAL B0AtlD. DEPARTMENT OR OFFICIAL HAVING CONTROL OVER WATER AND WATER WATER IMPROVEMENTS AND PROJECTS: VARIOUS DISTRICTS TO ACCOMPLISH THEM VEY BEEN MADE AND A CON- STRUCTURES AND DEVELOPMENT AND CONSERVATION HYDRO-ELECTRIC POWER DE- A^AA/mruiBM itl^m STATE DAM CONTROL SEBVATION PROGRAM BEEN VELOPMENT: STATE CON- PfUVFRc: OF BOARn m? HTTiT TH TTTTT TTY RPOTTT ATTOW OVT^R DEVELOPED? Name of Body, Superintendent or TR0Ij OVER AND REGULA- Types of Districts and Powers Central Supervision Over Extent of Legislation Concerning OTIR WITIRS^ND w• WOT COMPANIES^ • Official Organization Powers, Functions, Etc. Method and Object of Control TION OF USB OF WATER FOR Districts By whom? Districts STRUCTURES WATER POWER CO.'S (Reservoirs Generally Included)

Drainage and Sewerage Districts Complete Code concerning man- Plans need not be approved, but ALABAMA None Noae None None Uncontrolled only can be formed for these None other than Board of Health agoment, finances, powers and Usual laws Public Service Commission must be filed with Sec. of State. objects methods of Construction, etc. Usual powers No provisions for inspection, su- pervision and ordinary altera- tions

All power sites etc. owned by Drainage and general Water Im- Plans for Power Dams need be State. No power to be devel- provement Districts may be Detailed laws covering all phases State Corporation Commission approved by State Corp. Comm., ARKANSAS No adequate survey None other than over Hydro-Electric Power development oped without permit of State formed under Court Auspices None of such districts Doubtful Usual powers not supervised or inspected by Corporation Comm, and Control It. Courts permit other Dams after damages assessed "State Certification Board and State Must license all uses of water, de- Not conservation but to determine Water Commissioner's permit to Agricultural Improvement Dis- Irrigation Districts under general ARIZONA Water Commissioner to plan State Water Commissioner cides water rights disputes, etc. Corporation Commission Approval of State Water Commis- priorities to use of water. Com- take water needed. No other tricts for specific waterways im- control of State Certification All formed iifter petition, election. Usual powers, including compa- sioners needed to build. In- water conservation and develop- State Certifltation Board Advise concerning conservation plete control over irrigation and control. Priority and not con- provements. Electrical Districts Board. Electrical Districts need etc. Detailed code regulating Usual laws nies supplying water for ment and over all irrigation projects spects, supervises and can order flood and irrigation districts servation the basis —County and State Water approval of water commissioner irrigation alterations. Hears complaints Comm'ers control. Irrigation concerning and Flood Control Districts Department of Public Works to de- To appropriate state waters. To For developing State Water ProJ- State Water Commission. Must Conservancy Districts — County State Engineer and Health Engi- For all sorts of water projects. velop coordinated plan. Also State R. R. Commission The Dept. of Public Works through put in effect development plans eets of all sorts. To divide the approve all such projects—but Organization. Water Districts. neer to approve all plans. Some Detailed Code. For irrigation and CALIFORNIA State Water Commission. Water Usual laws Usual powers. Public Utility the State Engineer has full pow- Dep't. of Finance of Dep't. of Public Works. Full State into districts etc., and reg- no full control. Dep't of Public Metropolitan Water Districts supervision. General Health reclamation, sanitation, levee, Conservation Commission, 1931 State Water Commission Districts may be formed ers concerning building, regula- control and limited permit grant- ulale them for control and con- Works to build and manage ap- Dept. Control flood and recreation purposes to devise new scheme ing power over use of water servation purposes tion, supervising, etc., of dams— proved State Power Projects all plans need be approved be- fore building. Complete code State Engineer, state divided by Full permit granting powers tor All uses of water only on his per- State Engineer grants permit to Waterworks Districts Internal County organized. State Engineer Water projects may be aeeom- Full powers concerning dams by statute into water devisions alt uses of water and structures. mil to appropriate. Elaborate use water for power develop- Improvements overlying authority plished by the organizing of dis- the State Engineer (if over 10- headed by appointed division en- Hears disputes re water use water code concerning water ment. Priority of right to so Districts tor water improvements Court organization and supervision tricts. Group projects also can COLORADO State Engineer to Survey gineer. These are divided into rights feet in height.) rights. No provision for water use the basis Drainage and Irrigation Districts State Irrigation Dist. Comm. de- be accomplished. Full code pro- Usual laws General Statutes 70 water districts run by com- development under state au- vises irrigation plans for whole vided missioners spices State. Court control State Canals and Reservoirs Btiiit by Penitentiary Commission- ers, Water distributed by Board of Land Commissioners

Public Utility Commission over State Board of Civil Engineers and CONNECTICUT Study made by Commission, but no State Water Commission Control over sanitation and pollu- County Courts control all matters No control or program No districts can be formed Individual Enterprises Slightly Regulated Usual laws such corporations the River Commission who have legislative action as yet tion of water only concerning river flowage Usual power full dam control powers. The Board hears all complaints re dams DELAWARE None None None None Uncontrolled Limited Drainage Districts Court controls organization Imperfect Laws and Code Usual laws Partial regulation by statute None

Uncontrolled. Pull code concern- Drainage Districts may be organ- State Board of Drainage Commis- Provision is complete for all water No supervision or inspection. FLORIDA State Geologist to survey State Geology Dept. Over Artesian Wells only All wells can be dug, etc., only ing rights to water of riparian ized for all water improvement sionera are over all districts construction other than power Usual laws None County Commissioners can grant after plans have been approved owners purposes by districts or individuals 10 year license to build By the Department of Forestry Fairly full. Slight legislation con- No control over water companies GEORGIA and Geological Development Notie None None Uncontrolled Drainage Districts only County Organization cerning individual rights to use Usual laws but over power companies None of water Dept. of Reclamation, State Water Complete permit granting and su- Divides state into water divisions State Dept. of Reclamation must General water improvements State Dept. of Reclamation ap- Dams over 10-feet high must be IDAHO Dept. of Reclamation Reservations. Certain rivers re- perviaing powers over all waters, and appoints Master for each license, but not in furtherance (called drainage) and irrigation proves all plans and has general Complete code re powers, manage- Department of Public Welfare Public Utility Commission approved by Dept. of Reclama- stricted by law use8 and structures Enforces orders through courts of conservation. The latter is districts control over district operations ment, financing, etc., of districts Usual laws Usual powers tion. All over 20-feet must be which compel Masters to carry the next step to be taken periodically inspected. Pull them out powers Sanitary Water Board must ap- ILLINOIS None Board of Natural Resources and Power over sanitation matters No conservation or improvement Uncontrolled River Conservancy Districts. prove plans of districts. County For all water improvements. Usual laws Illinois Commerce Commission Conservation only of state waters initiating functions Drainage and Sanitary Districts organization and administrative Some can manufacture power Usual powers No Control control

WATER RESOURCES CONTROL IN STATES (Continued) (Page 84)

HAS A WATER RESOURCES SUR- CENTRAL BOARD, DEPARTMENT OR OFFICIAL HAVING CONTROL OVER WATER AND WATER WATER IMPROVEMENTS AND PROJECTS: VARIOUS DISTRICTS TO ACCOMPLISH THEM VEY BEEN MADE AND A CON- STRUCTURES AND DEVELOPMENT AND CONSERVATION HYDRO-ELECTRIC POWER DE- DAM CONTROL STATE SERVATION PROGRAM BEEN VELOPMENT; STATE CON- POWERS OF BOARD OF HEALTH UTILITY REGULATION OVER DEVELOPED? Name of Bocly> Superintendent or TROL OVER AND REGULA- Types of Districts and Powers Central Supervision Over Extent of Legislation Concerning OVER WATERS AND WATER WATER COMPANIES AND Official Organization Powers, Functions, Etc. Method and Object of Control TION OP USB OF WATER FOR Districts Districts STRUCTURES WATER POWER CO.'S (Reservoirs Generally Included) By whom?

Drainage Commissioner advises Drainage Commissioners can con- None. In certain cases permit Is INDIANA None None None None Uncontrolled Drainage Districts—General and supervises partially. County struct specific improvements on Usual laws Public Service Commission required from County Board, powers organization and administrative petition and hearing Usual powers Plans do not require approval supervision

Water course changes and water County Authority Detailed Code. No central control State Executive Council must li- Partial survey by State Board of Permits for all water appropria- districts cense all dams on navigable IOWA Conservation and Parks. Given State Executive Council tions for power purposes. Can- Object is to achieve general eon- State Executive Council controls Drainage and levee districts County Authority Detailed Code. No central control Usual laws Partial regulation by statute streams. If for Power or indus- limited control over certain not itself construct power plants servation of power possibilities power projects Classified cities regarding flood River Front Improvement Comm, General powers regarding water trial uses license is required on rivers control and water power projects appointed by Governor improvements in city limits all streams Conservancy Act. Court to organ- Plans must conform to general Conservancy act complete. The Engineer of Division of Water Re- Division of Water Resources to Complete powers over use of water ize Conservancy Districts for all program of Division of Water District Board has full control sources and Highways Comm. KANSAS Division of Water Resources of develop effective conservation for all purposes. Grants water Must approve all water projects, Division of Water Resources to water improvements, etc. Resources. Court control over over all waters in district must approve all plans. Power State Board of Agriculture program rights Cannot itself construct or develop control use of waters for operations of the districts Usual laws Public Service Commission dams may be built, under court Drainage and Irrigation Districts Several types. County and court Usual powers order, if license is granted to use formation, etc. Political divi- water for this purpose. No pro- sions may organize them. De- visions for supervision, inspec- tailed laws tion, etc.

County Judge on petition, etc., may Water districts, drainage, levee, County Judges KENTUCKY None Controlled by local Judges appoint Water Dist. Comm. to Uncontrolled reclamation, ditch, etc., districts No central supervision Full procedural code Usual laws Partial regulation by statute No control plan a water supply project

On navigable streams need dam State Department of Conservation Water improvements, drainage and Full laws concerning powers and permit from Land Office of State LOUISIANA to study, etc., natural resources None None None Uncontrolled levee districts can be set up County (parish) control only organization Usual laws None and approval of Conservation of the State Commission (Fish and Game). Very limited control

Public Utility Commission to sur- Public Utility Commission. Uses This body is mainly advisory and Justice of Peace and County au- Public Utility Commission controls Plans must be filed with Public vey—also State Forest Warden of certain streams, lakes and investigatory. No actual licens- Water Districts of several types. spices. County Commissioners The usual code regarding forma- pollution and sanitation prob- Public Utility Commission Utility Comm. Governor ap- MAINE (also called State Water Power ponds, etc., regulated by statute ing or control powers Rule making powers (slight) Uncontrolled Group water projects in charge tion and operation of districts lems. State Board of Health— Usual powers points Comm. of Dams & Reser- Commission) Usual laws voirs, who inspects and orders changes on complaint

State Legiijature must enact all water projects approved by Courts on petition to them Full code provided for all sorts of Board of Health Public Utility Department Dams over 10-ft. high or impound- No State-wide plan No real control—must petition Water districts for counties and water development and improve- General supervisory powers over Usual powers ing over l-million gallons need MASSACHUSETTS Waterways Dept. to formulate Waterways Dept of Dept. of To carry out water plans approved Licence certain water structures, court for approval metropolitan water districts, etc. Set up by State Legislature ments except power all inland waters be licensed, inspected, accepted Public ^orks by Legislature and to control Intricate codes regulating cer- and supervised by County Com- pollution tain lakes, rivers, etc. missioners

Dept. of Conservation acting Advisory only No control Uncontrolled. State Law encour- County Drainage Comm's general On navigable waters County ap- MICHIGAN through Conservation Com- Dept. of Conservjtion — Commis- Must approve all changes in No water conservation functions ages free appropriation of water Drainage (general water develop- control over district operations. Public Utility Commission proval needed. No inspection, missioners sion of HighwajB, Dept. of Mich. water courses or objects for power purposes ment) districts. Several types County and Court auspices Counties can construct struc- Usual laws Usual powers etc., provided for tures (water) at will

State Conservation Commission. Full advisory, rule making and Over all districts. Can itself put No real control. State Conserva- Conservancy Districts. General By Courts subject to State Conser- Detailed code. Plans of such dis- Partial control only by State Con- MINNESOTA State Conservation Commission Acts through Conservation Com- general control powers over in effect projects with court ap- tion Comm. must approve con- water improvements of all sorts. vation Commission and Commls- tricts to be filed with Sec'y- of Usual laws None servation Commission and Coun- missioner and hig appointed sub- waters proval struction. Cities may develop Drainage, etc., Districts sioner of Drainage and Waters State. Also construction by ty Government directors water power County Courts

Several types of districts for vari- Full laws concerning their organ- County permits but does not ap- MISSISSIPPI None Non« None None Uncontrolled ous water improvements may he County chancery court control ization, etc. Cannot generate Limited jurisdiction None prove plans to build certain formed power structures. Slight control

Nine types of districts for water, Detailed code County Coinmissionera must first Purely advisory. No conservation Special regulatory acts pertaining water improvements, drainage, Mostly court organization and Courts on own motion may under- Public Service Commission assess damages before building MISSOURI Survey Commission Survey Coimnigsion program in operation to certain rivers Uncontrolled etc. supervision take water project Usual laws Usual powers dam on navigable streams. All others unsupervised. No inspec- tion

WATER EESOHRCES CONTKOL IN STATES (Continued) (Page 851

HAS A WATER RESOURCES SUR- CENTRAL BOARD, DEPARTMENT OR OFFICIAL HAVING CONTROL OVER WATER AND WATER WATER IMPROVEMENTS AND PROJECTS: VARIOUS DISTRICTS TO ACCOMPLISH THEM VEY BEEX MADE AND A CON- STRUCTURES AND DEVELOPMENT AND CONSERVATION HYDRO-ELECTRIC POWER DE- DAM CONTROL STATE SERVATION PROGRAM BEEN VELOPMENT: STATE CON- POWERS OP BOARD OF HEALTH UTILITY REGULATION OVER DEVELOPED? Name of Body, Superintendent or TROL OVER AND REGULA- Types of Districts and Powers Central Suuervision Over Extent of Legislation Concerning OVER WATERS AND WATER WATER COMPANIES AND Official Organization Powers, Functions, Etc. Method and Object of Control TION OF USE OF WATER FOR Districts Districts STRUCTURES WATER POWER CO.'S (Reservoirs Generally Included) By whom?

Mississippi Vallej Conservation Only advisory No Control Powers Irrigation Districts (include all Court organization and State Engi- The State Engineer, County Boards Paj-tially by Mississippi Valley CommisBion Permit of County courts needed water improvements). Drain- noer must approve all construe- Public Service Commission and County Courts can order MONTANA Conservation Comm, Grants water rights permits, set- Purpose is determining priority in No conservation policy age districts, etc. tion plans. Court Control. No Full water & irrigation codes, etc. Usual laws Usual powers alterations after complaints & County Courts tles disputes, and orders enforc- use of water central supervision. hearings. No approval of plans, ing methods provided etc.

Department of PubHo Works. Uni- Dept. of Public Works divides Grants permits for any use ot Controls all waters, waterways Power developing districts. Six Dept. of Public Works. Court con- Complete detailed code governing All dams impounding over 10-acre NEBRASKA versify of Nebraska to devise state into subdivisions to carry water. Can appropriate any and water projects. No wells to Dept. of Public Works must ap- types of water development and trol. Dept. must approve all all phases of such districts & State Railway Commission feet need be permitted by Dept. conservation program out its program & powers water for any State use on con- be dug, without permit of Regent prove & license all projects improvement districts. Urban plans, etc. projects Usual laws Usual powers of Public Works through Slate struction of Univ. of Nebraska Power Districts Engineer. This Dept. inspects, orders changes, etc.

State Engineer. He divides State Water Improvement Districts State Engineer State Engineer has full powers State Engineer to map, etc. State into water districts. Governor Full permit powers over all uses Full water code to determine State Engineer issues permit be- Water Storage and Drainage County Auspices Usual detailed codes found in Public Service Commission over dams. None can be built NEVADA Board of Irrigation to devise appoints Commissioner for each of water rights to receive permits to use fore development proceeds Districts western semi-arid states Usual laws Usual powers without his license. Full super- County auspices, also State Bngr. visory powers. This control im- program who acts under ijim waters Water Districts need approve plied; not expressed Irrigation (general water) Districts County control and State Engr.

The Governor may institute suits Public Service Commission Public Service Commission in full in the name of the State to pre- The Public Service Commission Counties can supervise and authorize Usual powers and comprehensive charge of all dams over 25-ft. NEW HAMPSHIRE None None vent the injurious diversion of None has complete control over the No districts provided for water construction on proper procedure Usual laws control over the conditions of high and dangerous ones. Their waters of rivers which flow into exportation of power exportation of power permit is required. New Hampshire from other states

State Water Policy Commission. All dams over certain size are State Water Policy Commission. The State is divided into two under full control, in all re- Many special commissions, hav- water supply districts. The Pull powers for conservation, con- This Commission fully regulates State Water Policy Commission State Water Policy Commission, Public Utility Commission spects, by the Water Policy NEW JERSEY ing various powers, exist to con- Commission subdivides them, ap- trol, construction, etc. Reports all water development has full control and effects eon- Water districts. County construe- Sanitary and Economic Water Ample statutes Usual laws Usual powers Commission. Must license all trol pollution of certain rivers, points superintendents over each annually to Legislature servation program tion possible Commission to control all pollu- dam construction (if over 5-feet navigation, etc. and regulates their acts tion cases, etc. high or unless drains area of 100 acres)

Conservancy districts for all pur- Court auspices Elaborate water and water To regulate usage of the limited poses including power develop- No central control over districts codes NEW MEXICO State Conservation (advisory) State Engineer control. State Res- Complete control over ail appro- water supply. No conservation No power development without li- ment Usual laws State Corporation Commission State Engineer's permit needed to Commission ervoir and dama provided for priations of water for any use program being effected. Gen- cense of State Engineer Partial control build. He inspects, orders alter- other than domestic eral rule making power Community springs and ditches. ations, etc. Full control Drainage, flood, irrigation and County organization of Full laws and governing rules other districts

Full control over all water uses State Water Power and Control River regulating districts (storage State Water Power and Control Commission appointed 1930 to de- and developments. Has eon- Commission must license, but reservoirs), general water im- Complete and detailed laws regu- Commission has full powers vise conservation program and State Water Power and Control struction powers Supervises every type of water only with Governor's approval provement districts, water sup- All are organized by, controlled by lating organization, projects, fi- over dams 10-ft. high and over NEW YORK put it in effect after securing Commission (part of State Con- The Commission has broad rule project and district. Full con- carries out power conservation ply projects, union water dis- and report to Water Power and nancing, managing, etc., of all Usual laws Public Service Commission (and over 1 million gallons). Actual supervision by the Supt. legislative approval. Surveys servation CommissioD_Dept.) making powers; many judicial servation powers. program. Town and State Res- tricts. Drainage and drainage Control Commission of these types of projects and Usual powers made functions; and is regulated by ervoirs. improvements districts for all districts of Public Works an especially detailed code. purposes can be set up

Department of Conservation and The Dept. of Conservation and Water improvements may be ac- No real control. County court as- NORTH CAROLINA Development to formulate co- Development has only advisory None None Uncontrolled complished by several methods: General county supervision Detailed laws regulating all phases Usual laws State Corporation Commission sesses damages. Conservation ordinated plan powers over wafers. by corps, individuals, agree- No central control of each method of development Usual powers Dept. approves provisions in ments and districts dams for passage of lish

State Engineer Permit to appropriate waters for Artesian Wells County license. State Engineer County license. State Engineer Uncontrolled, County court to as- State Flood Control Commission State divided into four water di- power purposes needed from over such wells over such wells sess damages though right to NORTH DAKOTA and Flood Control Engineer. visions. He subdivides and ap- State Engineer must issue permit Control of waters complete State Engineer—priority of ap- Conservancy districts for full de- County auspices Detailed code. Cannot develop Usual laws Board of Railroad Commissioners construct is not hampered other Also State Engineer to map, etc. points superintendents to run for use of a.ny waters plication, etc., the basis. Mis- velopment ot waters of districts State Engineer generally over power Usual powers than that construction must be them. Special atta govern cer- souri River Power Commission for all purposes begun in one year thereafter tain waters to plan development Drainage and Flood Districts State Flood Control Commission Elaborate codes. County control and State Engineer boards

WATER RESOURCES CONTROL IN STATES (Continued) (Page 86) (The summary below Is intended to present a general pictu re only of the regulatory practice in the various states of the United States. It is not sufficiently detailed or comprehensive to be used for accurate reference in the case of any of the individual statutes.)

HAS A WATER RESOURCES SUR- CENTRAL BOARD, DEPARTMENT OR OFFICIAL HAVING CONTROL OVER WATER AND WATER WATER IMPROVEMENTS AND PROJECTS: VARIOUS DISTRICTS TO ACCOMPLISH THEM VEY BEEN MADE AND A CON- STRUCTURES AND DEVELOPMENT AND CONSERVATION HYDRO-ELECTRIC POWER DE- DAM: CONTROL STATE SERVATION PROGRAM BEEN VELOPMENT: STATE CON- POWERS OP BOARD OF HEALTH UTILITY REGULATION OVER DEVELOPED ? Name of Body, Superintendent or TROL OVER AND REGULA- Types of Districts and Powers Central Supervision Over Extent of Legislation Concerning OVER WATERS AND WATER WATER COMPANIES AND Official Organization Powers, Functions, Etc. Method and Object of Control TION OF USE OF WATER FOR Districts Districts STRUCTURES WATER POWER CO.'S (Reservoirs Generally Included) By whom?

Full conservation and construe- Can develop power. Does not No real control. Dept. of Public Conservancy act: districts. Court organized; governed by Control all uses of water in the OHIO Dept. of Public Works Dept. of Public Works tion powers. Can put in effect, license private use of water Works can acquire power sites Various drainage, water supply elected board. Some are under district. Full laws. Many meth- Usual laws Public Utility Commission None (headed by its Engineer) with Governor's approval, any and build plants and other districts county and some under court ods of achieving water improve- Usual powers water project control ments are provided State Conservation Commission Full conservation, construction. Its permit needed for any use of State Conservation Commission's Conservancy Districts Court organized under State Con- State Corporation Commissioner Plans must he approved by State OKLAHOMA State Conservation Commission must approve all intended and control powers, also ad- water. Use of Arkansas River 'license needed—it can take over Water Improvement Districts servation Commission. County For all water improvements Usual laws Usual powers Conservation Commission. No water construction visory. Takes over power plants regulated by statute private plants control Complete code for supply purposes Works with State Conservation provision tor supervision or in- Commission spection Hydro-electric Comm. of Oregon, State Engineer has full powers State Water Reclamation State Engineer (foHows plans of Full control over waters. Need Full rule making powers over all Must license all power projects Public Utility Districts Hydro-electric Comm. controls, Detailed Public Utility District Usual laws Public Service Commission over all phases of dam opera- OREGON Commission Water Reclamation Commission) license for all uses. Can con- uses of water. Conservation and fully regulate their opera- Irrigation, flood, drainage, ar- Election sub-districts (as cities). Law. Full procedural laws and Usual powers tion and construction. Power struct approved projects purposes tion. 50-year licenses. Follows tesian well and other districts State Engineer is over and regulatory acts dams under Hydro-electric Com- details of Water Po%ver Cons. County Court organizes mission and State Engineer Act of 1931 Water Power and Resources Board Complete powers over all new Must approve all water construe- Water Power and Resources Board Water Supply Districts Court control Fairly complete act Pubiic Service Commission regu- Water Power and Resources Board PENNSYLVANIA (of State Dept. of Forest and Water Power and Resources Board uses of water, can construct tion. Full rule making powers must license and regulate all Special acts governing Delaware State Department of Forests Reservoirs for flood control Sanitary Water Board lates corporations licensed by has full control over dams dan- Waters) reports annually to Legislature and put conservation program concerning all uses of water power projects. Conservation River Improvements and Waters authorized by Legislature Usual laws Water Power and Resources gerous to public safety, or drain- Giant Power Survey Board in effect the basis Pymatuning River Project County court control Mucli general water legislation Board ing more than % square mile Other drainage projects, etc. Commissioner of Dams and Reser- Commission appointed to study None This body possesses jurisdiction The use,etc., of specific bodies of None No general districts can be formed Legislature authorizes specific Much unconditioned water Limited control. Cannot approve Public Utility Commission voirs appointed by Governor, RHODE ISLAND 1927 Board of Purification of Waters over pollution water regulated by numerous improvements legislation plans but can order changes Usual powers Must approve plans; inspects, un-coordinated statutes orders, changes, etc. Several types of water improve- No general survey ment districts of various sorts. Certain districts can develop Sight control by county commis- SOUTH CAROLINA Inland Waterway Commission to None None None Uncontrolled Cities and towns have full water County and Court auspices power. No central project pos- Usual laws State Railroad Commission sioners. Complaints re non- develop on inland waterways construction powers — unsuper- sible without local consent Usual powers power dams handled by courts. vlsed All power development over 25 Artesian wells. Several methods State Engineer above county and Full code State Engineer Must permit all use of water and horse power must be licensed provided city authorities SOUTH DAKOTA Surveys etc. all waters State Engineer ail water construotion. General Beneficial use and priority of ap- by State Engineer. Town Boards Irrigation districts and projects County and State Engineer control These fully regulated and have Special act govern State Engineer must license all rule making power and admin- plication is basis of granting per- can use water for power pur- general construction powers Usual laws such companies water structures including dams. istrative control over all water mits. No conservation program poses subject to State Engineer's Three types of improvement dis- County and court auspices and Special commissions to formulate No special laws relate to dams appropriations approval tricts State Engineer's control development of certain rivers County courts to develop naviga- ble waters of the State. Levee Needs county and court approval Sparse legislation No effective control. County None Must get permit of local govern- construction and all watercourse courts can abate dangerous dams TENNESSEE Courts appoint commissioners Water control delegated to None None ment to construct. No coordi- construction Advisory powers Little legislation regulating and must permit building of all to survey watercourses county courts nated or general development Many types of water improve- All with county and court super- Full code dams program ment districts vision only Water improvement districts for Full water code sets forth order of all water improvements County auspices Absolute control of any use of wa- preferences in granting water Water control and improvement All under State Board of Water Power and irrigation dams under State Board of Waters Engineers State Board of Water Engineers to ter over certain amounts. Grants permits. Counties and cities can State Board of Water Engineers districts for conservation proj- County court auspices Engineers, Elaborate water code Water and power companies regu- full control of State Board of TEXAS State Reclamation Engineer formulate conservation plans permits to use. Must approve construct water projects only must license (for 2,000 horse ects. Can develop power Usual laws lated by State Board of Water Water Engineers. Levees and all water structures with its approval power and over). Has full con- Fresh water supply districts ' County court Engineers and must be chartered flood works under full control State Reclamation Engineer Levee and Flood Control projects The Board hears all disputes con- trol Levee improvement districts State Reclamation Engineer Full code by it of State Reclamation Engineer under Reclamation Engineer cerning water. Drainage, conservation, reclama- County Court Organization. State Full codes tion and irrigation districts Board control

WATER RESOURCES CONTROL IN STATES (Continued) CPage 87)

HAS A WATER RESOURCES SUR- CENTRAL BOARD, DEPARTMENT OR OFFICIAL HAVING CONTROL OVER WATER AND WATER WATER IMPROVEMENTS AND PROJECTS VARIOUS DISTRICTS TO ACCOMPLISH THEM VEY BEEN MADE AND A CON- STRUCTURES AND DEVELOPMENT AND CONSERVATION HYDRO-ELECTRIC POWER DE- SERVATION PROGRAM BEEN DAM CONTROL STATE VELOPMENT: STATE CON- POWERS OF BOARD OF HEALTH UTILITY REGULATION OVER DEVELOPED? Name of Body, Superintendent or TROL OVER AND REGULA- Types of Districts and Powers Central Supervision Over Extent of Legislation Concerning OVER WATERS AND WATER WATER COMPANIES AND Official Organization Powers, Functions, Etc. Method and Object of Control TION OF USB OF WATER FOR Districts Districts STRUCTURES WATER POWER CO.'S By whom? (Reservoirs Generally Included)

Full rule making power. Must au- Water conservation districts County organization subject to State Engineer Full control over all waters, Permit of Slate Engineer needed thorize all construction. Super- State Engineer to license State Engineer Complete codes concerning them General powers only for dams over 10-feet high or L'TAH (part of duties o£ office to work State Engineer has plenary powers Must grant water permit for vises, through agents distribu- Certain rivers cannot be approprl- Conservation of underground County control Cities can control sources of State Engineer has full powers in Public Utility Comm. impounding more than 100 acre- with Utah Water Storage any use. Hears disputes tion of all waters ated or can be withdrawn from waters their water supply pollution and waste matters Usual powers Commission) feet use Irrigation, drainage, etc districts County organizations, all under l'e has full power State Land Board Slight reclamation powers To build 'State Reservoirs, etc. State Engineer

None None If to store over 5,000 cubic feet of VERMONT Public Service Commission None Uncontrolled County Projects possible County courts have some power Advisory powers Public Service Comm. and State Engineer to survey water, need approval of Public No Districts over water construction Usual powers Service Comm. and town officials Full control exists Commission an Conservation General powers over the "Waters No permit granting powers tor and Develorjment of the State" as defined by statute general use- Advisory Commission on Conservation State Corporation Comm, has com- VIRGINIA and Development License all structures and follows Ordinary use of water not con- Power licenses granted according General Water Improvement Full laws Corporation Commission Corporation Commission plete control over dams in "Wa- plans ot Commission on Conser- trolled. Rule making power re to water code by Corporation Districts Court auspices No central control Usual laws Usual powers ters of State," all others with vation and Development all water structures and devel- Comm. Complete regulatory court permit. Fui! laws opments (power) powers. Full code

State Hydraulic Engineer Must license all uses of water and He settles all water rights dis- Power and Water Districts County organizations all water structures State Hydraulic Engineer has full putes, dividing the State into Public Utility Districts State Hydraulic Engineer licenses. control of all sorts over dams State Hydraulic Engineer divisions for administrative pur- State Hydraulic Engineer must Public Service Comm. regulates For all water and power construc- Usual laws Public Service Commission impounding more than 10 acre- to survey poses license the project. Basis is management tion and development. Detailed Usual powers feet WASHINGTON Also to cooperate with State Advisory—controls irrigation and priority of fight to use Reclamation, irrigation, etc. County organized subject to State code Department of Conservation State Department ot Conservation reclamation projects. Columbia Under State Control districts Director of Conser. & Develop. Full code River Basin Project now being Distribution districts. Artesian County supervision under Hydrau- developed wells and drainage districts lic Engineer

Complete control over all hydro- No construction powers. No con- Complete power license code—all Water improvement districts Circuit Court organizes. State Usual laws Public Service Comm. Public Service Comm, need ap- W. VIRGINIA* Public Service Commission electric power developments. servation powers other than over controlled by Public Service County courts have general con- Engineer need only approve Usual code regulating. State Water Comm. over stream State Water Comm. Public Service Commission prove power dams. No inspec- Advisory—controls pollution only hydro-electric projects Commission. State can itself trol over water courses plans for State construction Full construction powers, etc. pollution Usual powers, plus those stated tion. Other dams need court develop power projects permits. Commission hears com- plaints re dams and other struc- tures State Utility Corporation of Wis- Public Service Commission to put Public Service Comm. must license Public Service Comm, controls and Municipal Power and Water Formed by County Officials. Pub- Complete code Public Service Commission Public Service Comm. has powers consin to develop plan for con- in effect and follow plan of State all uses and structures on navl- No control over non-navigable must license in accord with State Districts WISCONSIN lic Service Comm. must approve Usual laws Usual powers, plus those stated over all dams on navigable wa- trol and conservation. Purely Utility Corp. Co^m, gable waters. Also hears com- waters plan of State Utility Corporation Drainage, Irrigation, etc. Court control Separate codes for district proj- Advisory plaints of wise. ters and over others that may ects and court projects he dangerous Board of Health control — with State Engineer above whom is State Engineer must grant permit He hears disputes and appoints State Engineer must license. Board Water improvement districts Court formation Elaborate code. Can manufacture State Engineer need inspect, can WYOMING State Engineer. Commission to Board of Water Control which for any use of water. Must 11- water commissioners for divi- of Water Control hears appeals (called irrigation districts) power Public Service Commission study development of Colorado has general supefvisory and ap- cense water structures. He is sions of State etc.—subject to from his divisions concerning authorize, and can order altera- Usual laws Usual powers tions River pellate functions to regulate and develop Little Board of Water Control. Spe- water rights Drainage districts Court formation State Engineer above districts Snake River cial Comm. over distribution of Artesian wells County control only waters of Colorado River

Water Resources Commission None None None MARYLAND Uncontrolled Drainage districts only State organized Incompleto laws Usual laws Public Service Commission None 1931 Usual powers

"Usual powers"—when applied to Utility Commission Note: "Completc ]aws or code"—when this phase is applied to any of the numerous types of water improvement districts, it means Note: "Usual laws"—when applied to Board of Health powers implies complete control over sanitary conditions of all waters and implies control over exercise of franchises, rates that detailed provision is made regarding petitions, hearings, investigations, elections and appeals necessary to form the dis- water structures. All plans for any water use or water construction must first receive its approval before construction may charged and regulation of the relations between the tricts; t^e management, plan formulations, water construction, bond issues, assessments, books, hearings, supervision, letting of be begun. In its limited sphere such Board is in full control and possesses full order enforcing and permit granting powers. public and the companies. bids, "iagolution, policing, inclusion and exclusion of lands and all the other phases of their operation. •The water power act of 1929 was held unconstitutional in the case of Hodges vs. Public Service Commission, 110 W. Virginia, 649, 1931.

APPENDIX E

FINANCIAL STATEMENT.

91

FINANCIAL STATEMENT

WATER RESOURCES COMMISSION OF MARYLAND

Appropriation for 1932 and 1933 ...$5,000.00 (Chapter 150 of 1931, Miscellaneous Appropriations, General Funds.)

Expenditures— Salary of Secretary—November, 1931-January, 1933, in- clusive :... $600.00

United States Geological Survey for preparation of Stream Gazetteer " 400.00

Expenses in preparation of Report to 1933 Legislature. 769.06

Printing, Postage, Stationery, etc 800.00

Total Expenditures 2,569.06

Unexpended Balance as of February 1, 1933 $2,430.94

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