Movements, Conventions and Other Bridge Lore by Bob Gruber

02/05/17 Updated: 03/30/17 Movements, Conventions and other Bridge Lore by Bob Gruber Players are enamored of some conventions and dislike others. But their interest is more in the application than the history. Movements are an even more arcane subject for most, but nonetheless, there may be an historic tidbit or two of interest to many readers. Shall we give it a go? To start, most movements, like many conventions, are eponymous. For instance, Howell movements are based on the movements designed by Edwin Cull Howell for the game of Whist, a predecessor of Bridge and the game most closely related to it. Try as I might, I have yet to find the first name of the father of the Mitchell movement. Maybe we’ll never know his true first name, but we know his nickname, Skip. Hence, the Skip Mitchell Movement. I just hope no one fell for that. But it is after all, April 1st. Of course, the Skip refers to the fact that the E-W pairs skip a table in about the middle of the game. This only occurs with an even number of tables (or a half table that rounds to an even number). If not done, about the middle of the game all the E-Ws would encounter the boards they played in the first round1. As to the name, the reality is there may be no individual credited with creating the basic Mitchell movement. Like Howell movements, these probably arose from Whist and were described by John T. Mitchell in his book titled Duplicate Whist. So my guess is he got the credit for the movement by virtue of writing it up. That situation is similar to Sam Stayman generally being credited with creation of the Stayman Convention. But it just isn’t so. Jack Marx, a Brit, came up with the idea in 1939, but neglected to publish it until 1946 after WW II. In the meantime, George Rapée, a regular partner of Stayman, came up with the same concept in 1944, and urged the better-known Stayman to publish it, which happened in 1945, beating Marx by a year. Sam Stayman is now enshrined in bridge lore for a convention he never conceived of. Probably all of you know what a yarborough is—a hand with no card higher than a 9. But you may have forgotten the details of its origin. In the days of whist, in the 19th century, the second Earl of Yarborough offered to bet anyone 1000-1 that they would not be dealt a hand in which all the cards were lower than a 10. Turns out, the Earl knew what he was doing—the true odds are about 1826 to 1! If Paul Harvey were still with us, he’d say, “now you know the rest of the story.” Dipping a little more into history, it seems that whist evolved into bridge with the introduction of the auction concept at the end of the 19th century. Around 1925 Harold Vanderbilt refined scoring by introducing the idea of “vulnerability” and increasing the slam bonuses. These changes basically brought the game to the present-day format of contract bridge. 1 Skip, how is it coming with the movement you’re working on? The entire BA II directing staff is looking forward to adding the Skip Calvert to their choice of movements. 1 / 2 02/05/17 Updated: 03/30/17 By the way, there is no definitive answer as to the origin of the term bridge, but one theory is that it derived from “Russian Whist” which was also known as “Biritch.” Speaking of which, most of us probably have heard that President Eisenhower was an avid bridge player. No doubt he wasn’t the first President to have an acquaintance with the game, but if we count “Biritch,” then the first was none other than the Father of the Country, George Washington, who was known to enjoy a good game of “Biritch.” Ely Culbertson, a shameless self-promoter and showman, popularized bridge in the 1930s. There’s a story that in a team match, his wife, Josephine, called him aside to point out that the opponents were cheating. “I know,” he replied, “but I can make better use of the information than they can.” A cute story, but to the chagrin of male chauvinists everywhere, it may be apocryphal in light of the thought among many modern experts that Josephine was actually the better player! My editor tells me that’s a good note to end on, and since I always follow her sage advice, that’s a wrap for this month. 2 / 2 .

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