energyissue sixty seven 2016 engineeringpower for the future

EMERGING MARKETS Meeting the challenge

Energy storage Market response Wind flow Smart analysis Low carbon transport State of the art » » » »

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6 News an update on innovative cable carbon mobility supply chain in 12 Expertise & experience solutions for bigger wind the UK farms Alistair Welch speaks to 40 Greener and cleaner SgurrEnergy director of 26 Going with the flow A revolution in the introduction engineering Stewart Alexander Selena Farris says Smart, cost of greener, cleaner buses in the and learns more about the effective turbine analysis helps UK is helping deliver on both benefits of using an owner’s win big for wind climate and air quality objectives engineer and the challenges of 28 Delivering Safety by Design 44 Working together operating in emerging markets Nick Yates identifies some of Alistair Welch speaks to WMG’s 16 Under control the safety difficulties faced by Professor Dave Greenwood RES head of energy renewable energy providers about the range of the Group’s management systems Simon 32 Working together activities in electrified mobility Johnson discusses the Keeping the Lights on (and 48 Driving ambition development of the energy the party going) in Knoydart, How a technology company storage market Scotland -Z-Lynk demand is leading the development 18 Battery storage - balancing the management system helps of wireless electric vehicle grid and the bottom line? balance hydro-power network charging and next-generation Storing electrical energy at MW for remote community vehicle connectivity scale can help to reduce the 34 Future of lighting 50 Connectivity and customers variation in power output from Philip Smallwood, conference A project which is uniquely intermittent generators chair for the forthcoming aimed at understanding the 20 Storage Solutions for the Strategies in Light Europe impact of CAVs on an ageing Smart Grid conference, provides his population in supporting their overview of what visitors and mobility and facilitating greater Energy storage technology has delegates can expect to see at independence the unique ability to deliver the show this year both real and reactive power 52 State of the art capabilities to provide a higher 37 Supply chain support An update on the latest security of energy supply The Advanced Propulsion innovation and technology 23 Going large Centre is supporting the developments from Schaeffler development of a strong low Thibaut Zumsteeg provides 54 Megawatch

» Managing Editor Steve Welch © 2016 Media Culture issue sixty seven 2016 Cover Image energyengineering courtesy of Sgurr Consulting Editor Ian Hamilton Published by power for the future » ENERGY ENGINEERING magazine Features Editor Alistair Welch Media Culture, EMERGING Pure Offices, Plato Close, MARKETS Meeting the challenge » Art Editor Grant Lucas Leamington Spa, Warwickshire, CV34 6WE United Kingdom, Contributors Tel +44 (0)1926 671338 » Catherine Cleary, Stephen Jones e: [email protected]

Thibaut Zumsteeg, Nick Yates Energy storage Philip Smallwood, Dave March For subscription details for Market response Wind flow Rebecca Tommey ENERGY ENGINEERING Smart analysis [email protected] Low carbon transport please email State of the art +44 (0)1926 671338 Cover Image courtesy of Sgurr

or call www.energyengineering.co.uk

ENERGY ENGINEERING ISSUE 67 3

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A storage solution In its final report, the disbanded Energy and Climate Change Committee encouraged the Government to focus on energy storage to ensure the UK’s future energy security. Here Vijay Shinde, grid services lead for engineering consultancy Sweco, stresses why we can’t afford to ignore it

Vijay Shinde disbanded, the Energy and Climate March, a full seven months before Change Committee suggested the ECCC report was published, that energy storage could be National Grid wrote in a presentation “revolutionary” for the UK. Some that “we are seeing a requirement headlines even went so far as saying for (energy storage) increasing over that it could be vital ‘to keep the the next few years, therefore we UK’s lights on’. And I, for one, could intend to run regular tender events not agree more. on an enduring basis.” The energy revolution and future Understandably, there is already challenges for UK energy and climate some excitement over the potential change policy report said that the of battery storage. National Grid ongoing energy revolution, grounded predicts that this ability to control in technologies such as energy variations in frequency almost t is no secret that there remains storage, renewables, and demand- immediately will cut costs by around a certain level of uncertainty over side response represents a ‘huge £200 million, whilst also delivering I how we will ensure the future economic opportunity for the UK.’ savings for consumers. of energy security in the UK. The It also said that ‘with the appropriate Part of its success lies in its Conservative Government has strategy, policies, and regulatory capability to unlock the potential of failed to keep Coalition promises framework in place, Britain can renewable energy. Despite its green about renewable energy strategy, become a world leader in the green credentials and continued growth, with a lack of long term vision, no technology sector.’ renewable energy generation transparency and mixed messages At the crux of this potential is provides intermittent supply and from Whitehall all adding to the battery storage, which is already relies on grid support services confusion. A new Prime Minister, seen as one of the key steps in to be effective. Battery storage, the abolition of DECC and of course modernising our electricity grid meanwhile, provides the stability the continued fall-out from Brexit infrastructure. that is needed to balance supply and have not helped matters too. One In August National Grid held its first demand of energy from low-carbon thing remains clear though; with all ever Enhanced Frequency Response sources, offering support to maintain unabated coal-fired power stations auctions, where eight contracts worth the frequency within acceptable limits in the UK set to be phased out a total of £66million were awarded. with a faster response time than ever by 2025, we must turn to cleaner As a result, eight new battery storage before. energy production. projects with a combined capacity of And that is exactly why Theresa One solution that is already making 200MW will be built over the next May and her Government cannot great strides of course is energy 18 months, using lithium-ion batteries afford to ignore their peers from storage, enabling greater demand that can respond to system volatility the Energy and Climate Change side management and enhanced in less than a second for up to 15 Committee. renewable energy generation. minutes at a time. In its final report before it was And there is more to come. In www.sweco.co.uk

ENERGY ENGINEERING ISSUE 67 5 NEWS

Offshore wind Powering ahead A2SEA has signed a contract to install 102 turbines on East Anglia ONE for Siemens Wind Power . From summer 2019, A2SEA will play a key role in building East Anglia southern North Sea. CEO at A2SEA. ONE off the coast of Great Yarmouth ”A2SEA is very proud to be part To benefit UK suppliers, and in our in the UK. East Anglia ONE is one of of building this extensive offshore continuous search to optimise the share the Round three projects in the UK. wind farm. We have formerly worked of local content in our projects, A2SEA The total capacity of the wind farm is with ScottishPower Renewables will continue to work with a range of 714MW. and Siemens Wind Power on West UK suppliers for the mobilisation of SEA A2SEA’s purpose-built offshore of Duddon Sands OWF, and I am CHALLENGER, for sea fastening etc. installation vessel SEA CHALLENGER confident that by providing our East Anglia ONE is owned by will be deployed to install the 102 competent and experienced crew ScottishPower Renewables and when Siemens 7MW turbines from the both onshore and offshore will ensure fully commissioned in early 2020, the load out port in Great Yarmouth. The a project delivered both on time, on wind farm will provide green energy for wind farm is located approximately 45 budget and most importantly in a safe well over 500,000 homes in the UK. kilometres off the Suffolk Coast in the manner,” says Jens Frederik Hansen, www.a2sea.com

Energy Efficiency

Pooling resources retro-fitted with two ABB HVAC drives Steve Bootes, “and we thought we and low voltage motors, one each on could install a VSD-based system that A Kent-based leisure centre operated the air inlet and exhaust fan, together would save energy.” on behalf of Ashford Borough Council with three ABB industrial drives for the The AHU’s two-speed motors were is achieving up to 20 percent energy swimming pool recirculation pumps. operating at either 22 kW or 4 kW savings following the installation of ABB The project originated when ABB controlled via relative humidity and variable-speed drives (VSDs). authorised value provider, MKE, was temperature requirements through a The air handling unit (AHU) at installing some electrical panels on the BMS system. The motors had to start Tenterden Leisure Centre, operated site. “We saw that the motors for the and stop on different speeds many by Tenterden Leisure Trust, has been AHU were direct-on-line,” says MKE’s times during opening hours. MKE replaced the motors with two ABB standard induction motors, each driven by a 22 kW ABB HVAC drive. “Now, the motors are no longer ‘stop and go’,” says King. “The VSDs tell the motors to start, running them at 40 Hz for the high speed during the day and 20-15 Hz for the low speed at night.” MKE estimated an 18 months payback but Tenterden Leisure Trust has achieved that in just over a year since the drives were installed. www.abb.com

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Manufacturing

Beyond the pail moulding machines. A leading manufacturer of durable plastics Formulated with extensive laboratory has realised significant savings at its and in-service field testing, Mobil DTE production plant as a result of switching 10 Excel Series high performance to Mobil DTE 10 Excel™ 68. The anti-wear hydraulic oils are designed introduction of the high performance specifically to meet the needs of modern, hydraulic oil helped to enhance overall high pressure, industrial and mobile “Plastics manufacturing is a highly hydraulic efficiency, resulting in energy equipment hydraulic systems. They competitive and challenging sector, so savings of 4.28%. can help provide quantifiable increases to remain competitive companies must The company, which produces plastic in hydraulic efficiency compared to explore every avenue to optimise their buckets, pails and drums, operates conventional hydraulic oils. operation,” said Mohamed Mourad, machines with clamping strengths from The month-long trial at the customer industrial marketing advisor EAME at 30 to 650 tonnes. In order to reduce the site showed that switching hydraulic ExxonMobil. “Lubricants are a small part company’s power consumption and cut fluid improved the overall efficiency of a plant’s maintenance costs, but they its carbon footprint, ExxonMobil’s field of the machine compared with the can have a significant impact on both engineers suggested a trial of Mobil DTE previous lubricant. This improved energy productivity and efficiency – resulting in 10 Excel™ in one of the manufacturer’s efficiency, which resulted in an overall long-term savings for your operation.” Windsor Armour 150 tonne injection annual saving of $3,000. www.mobilindustrial.com

Cables

Powering up to house their most valuable of assets. assets, in particular from Ultra Violet The Company’s vast experience (UV) degradation and large temperature Portland in cable storage is already providing fluctuations, both key criteria for helping Global Marine Systems Limited has customers with peace of mind for to ensure future trouble-free deployment. recently extended its capabilities at its their asset integrity management. The The facility has been providing fibre optic Portland depot on the south coast of Company said one OFTO (Offshore cable storage for 18 years, and in addition England. Following the installation of Transmission Owner) client is already to the new power cable carousels, a power cable carousel, the company utilising the facility’s new capability. The contains 33 telecoms cable tanks, with now has the ability to store and manage purpose-built secured storage facility a total capacity of 8,750 m3. The site power cable for owners and operators offers the ideal environment for the currently stores 2,000km of telecoms requiring a strategically placed location long-term protection of these valuable cable for a multitude of customers, along with over 3,500 universal joint kits and associated equipment including repeaters, equalisers and branching units. The site was built to specification and is geared to mobilise with ease between power and fibre optic cabling. The 2,000 tonne cable carousel is equipped with a 10 tonne tensioner and works alongside a 15 tonne quayside tensioner to ensure effective cable handling from vessel to shore, and back. www.globalmarinesystems.com

ENERGY ENGINEERING ISSUE 67 7 NEWS

Offshore wind Condition monitored Aquaterra Energy and Proeon Systems have developed a cost-saving, integrated structural monitoring system to improve the integrity of offshore wind structures. With global offshore wind expenditure forecast to reach £210 billion over the next ten years, the of Proeon’s sensor technology and installed turbine support structure, offshore wind energy monitoring Aquaterra’s capability in structural including the nacelle and foundation system will improve inspection mechanics and analysis that will provide pile, to monitor strain, movement, and repair planning, and lower the operators with accurate, informed, temperature, scour and meteorological frequency of offshore failures. It will and real-time condition analysis data to data. The results can then be also greatly reduce the need, risk and enhance maintenance, commissioning compared against initial data collected cost associated with inspection crews and decommissioning programmes. in normal conditions and show the travelling to wind farm sites offshore. A variety of sensors can be deployed potential of degradation occurring. The collaboration is an amalgamation and placed on all aspects of the www.aquaterraenergy.com

Wind power

Flying high Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland. strong, reliable winds found offshore Renewable energy consultancy, Natural Founded in 2011, KPS was by tethering two kites to each mooring Power, has secured what is believed established to develop a deep water to capture the wind. Each kite flies in a to be the world’s first planning consent wind energy technology that can be figure of eight, drawing out the tether for a kite power technology test and deployed anywhere in the world at a and generating power at the winch. development site. The application was cost that is able to compete with the When it has reached its maximum made on behalf of Kite Power Solutions lowest cost fossil fuel energy systems. height – likely to be 450m – the kite (KPS) for the test and development site KPS has already designed, built and switches to a hover-like mode, where to be located within the MoD West demonstrated a 40kW proof of concept there is little stress on the tether and it Freugh Range, operated by QinetiQ system, regularly flying at its current base, can be winched back in ready for the on behalf of MoD, near Stranraer in Bradwell-On-Sea Airfield in Essex. A next run, using just a fraction of the 500kW pre-commercial demonstration power already generated. system has also been designed. Once Power is delivered continuously the company has secured the required because one kite is generating as the £5.5m investment, the next phase of other is winched in. Ultimately, the development will commence, and this plan is to have scores of kites flying in includes relocation to the West Freugh formation, all automatically controlled site which already has ‘controlled using custom-made software. airspace’ status, and will enable testing of The kites at full-scale will be 40m the kites at heights up to 500m. By 2021 wide with 2-3MW capacity, about KPS intends to have its 500kW system the same as a 100m-tall conventional available for commercial sale, and will turbine. So far, KPS have tested have deployed a floating 3MW system. prototypes of 7m span rated at 40kW. The ambition is to harvest the www.naturalpower.com

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NEWS

Energy efficiency Tower power Merlin Entertainments has appointed Minimise Solutions to complete a three- attractions: The Tower, The Tower Eye dryer data captured in key areas. month water and energy efficiency and with the associated SkyWalk, The Tower Reducing water and energy compliance review of the iconic Blackpool Ballroom, The Tower Circus and the consumption in high use washroom Tower. The trial will run until October Tower Dungeon. It also includes a 4D areas represents a real opportunity 2016, when a full report analysing all data cinema and is home to a wide range of for Merlin. To inform washroom will be provided by EEVS Insight, the UK places to eat and shop. efficiencies, Minimise has installed a provider of in IPMVP measurement and Under the trial, Minimise will monitor number of new water and energy verification services. existing lights, providing the information efficient products across the site. These As part of the trial, Minimise Solutions needed to inform the cost profile and include an Energy Efficient Hand Dryer has installed a real-time granular identify potential savings that could and three waterless urinals. monitoring system. This has been linked be achieved by upgrading to energy Data from these new systems is to both water and electricity meters and efficient LEDs. also being captured by the Minimise is monitoring and collecting data from Boiler optimisation opportunities Monitoring System to provide Merlin specific circuits, facilities and equipment. will be reviewed and washroom water Entertainments with comparative data at The system will collect data from across and energy use will also come under the end of the trial. the entire estate, which incorporates five scrutiny, with toilet flushing and hand www.minimisegroup.com

CHP

Tall story nearly two million hot showers. 19,000m2 building when complete. Due for completion in Autumn 2016, The latest addition on the London Veolia’s specialist CHP team will also the tallest hotel tower in the UK skyline, the Novotel London Canary provide full operational and lifetime will soon benefit from the on-site Wharf will have 313 bedrooms in a 39 maintenance support for the low generation of low carbon electricity, storey, 127m high tower that includes emission 135kWe CHP unit. heating and hot water using one of conference facilities, restaurants and The new structure has been built Veolia’s latest combined heat and a bar on the top floors offering views on a site at 40 Marsh Wall, following power (CHP) units. By using CHP the across the city. As reliable electricity the demolition of a 1990s office landmark hotel will cut around 213 and heating are key to maintaining the building and comprises a 127m high

tonnes of CO2 emissions every year comfort of the guests the CHP unit will glazed tower designed to fit in with and save the equivalent Grid energy for provide a 24/7 energy supply to the the surrounding skyline of the Canary Wharf business district. The addition of CHP to the energy delivery of the building will further highlight Accor Hotel’s sustainability commitment in the hotel sector. In the UK Veolia already provide CHP services to over 110 hotels which reduce climate change by annually saving the over 33,000

tonnes of CO2 emissions and improving the sustainability of over 640,000 overnight stays. www.veolia.co.uk

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Expertise & experience Alistair Welch speaks to SgurrEnergy director of engineering Stewart Alexander and learns more about the benefits of using an owner’s engineer and the challenges of operating in emerging markets

s a specialist global renewable director of engineering, is responsible SA: Our engineering team often energy consultancy, Wood for a multidisciplinary team of engineers operates as a technical advisory AGroup company SgurrEnergy dedicated to renewable energy service by using our well-established provides engineering, technical advisory developments. This team provides expertise and experience to support and project management services SgurrEnergy’s core engineering clients through their project’s key to projects in all renewable energy input into renewable projects for a phases. This can range from feasibility technologies. This includes onshore wide variety of clients around the and development; through to design Stewart Alexander and offshore wind, solar PV, wave, tidal, globe and includes civil, electrical and optimisation, commissioning support bioenergy and hydro projects all over mechanical engineers, in addition to and the many other phases in between. the world. To date SgurrEnergy has power technology, turbine and project supported over 160GW of renewable management specialists. EE: How closely does your team work energy developments internationally, a with the clients who use this service? figure that continues to grow rapidly. EE: Could you explain a little more SA: Our involvement as an ‘owner’s Stewart Alexander, SgurrEnergy’s about what the ‘owner’s engineer’ is? engineer’ varies depending on the

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requirements of each particular client. timely delivery of high quality projects. EE: How is your team experienced to We can oversee entire projects on meet the many client requirements? behalf of developers or can provide EE: How are you involved? SA: Our team is diverse – we have ad-hoc support, advice and guidance SA: My personal involvement varies engineers and project managers with where required. In some cases we considerably on a day-to-day basis. backgrounds in working for developers, are there to fill a general engineering Generally it involves coordination of the large scale utility organisations, and resource gap, but we are flexible and team’s resource, proposal preparation, manufacturers. Others have worked can also fill specialist technical or project client liaison, and technical report in contracting; some have come from management needs. Regardless of the sign-off. I also work closely with our a more specific technical consultancy type of support, the goal is the same; business development director, other background, and some from academia. to apply the knowledge and experience departments and international offices We can therefore offer more than accumulated from past projects. This within the SgurrEnergy business to a standard consultancy support allows us to add value, assess and ensure we are offering services to service. We understand best practice minimise the client’s risk, and support the support the full project life-cycle. and the needs of each of the key

ENERGY ENGINEERING ISSUE 67 13 CONSULTANCY

parties involved and we can utilise this knowledge for the benefit of the project. We have a depth of experience that allows us to deliver complex projects around the globe, including operating in emerging markets

EE: You mentioned emerging markets, can you expand on this? SA: SgurrEnergy is increasingly active in licensing, social and environmental are very few development projects emerging markets in which there is little constraints (particularly issues around that aren’t challenging in some way, or no existing renewables sector. As noise and visual impact). There can but with a 14 year track record in the ‘owner’s engineer’ we have delivered be engineering challenges as well as design, development and construction projects in Africa as well as numerous grid infrastructure and grid availability of onshore wind farms around projects in Pakistan. We worked in issues. We can help solve these issues the globe, we are transferring that Pakistan from when the market was in much the same way as we have knowledge into emerging markets. emerging, over eight years ago, to its done in the past. current state. A significant milestone has Overall our experience has EE: What does the future hold for your been supporting the development and found that while the issues faced by work in developing markets? construction of Salkhit, Mongolia’s first developments in emerging markets are SA: Projects in these markets can have onshore wind farm, located deep in the similar to those found throughout the significant impact on the economy Mongolia Steppe, around 70km south UK and Europe, the unique conditions and the environment, so we are of the capital city Ulaanbaatar. Since the in these new markets distort and amplify focused on helping our clients. Our commencement of installation at Salkhit these issues. experience in emerging markets is now in 2012 we have supported other sites Whilst we have experience in considerable and we plan to increase in Mongolia including one which is tackling the difficulties of moving large this. Our company has 17 offices currently reaching financial close. wind turbine generator components throughout the world and a growing around minor roads in the north of network of local consultants which help EE: What have you learned about Scotland for example – we can be us to deliver the necessary work for working in developing markets? faced with the logistical challenges each client and make progress in new SA: No matter where the project is, of having no roads or meaningful markets achievable. developers face complex issues. This infrastructure in some of the more can include planning, consenting and remote parts of the world. There www.sgurrenergy.com

Delivery of turbine parts, Salkhit wind farm, Mongolia

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Under control

RES head of energy management systems Simon Johnson discusses the development of the energy storage market with Alistair Welch

“Energy storage is different from technologies, control architecture is differentiating factor in the market. To other forms of renewables in that it absolutely fundamental to the sector’s date, the RESolve software has been is an enabling technology,” says Simon potential for success. deployed on over 50MW of energy Johnson, head of energy management In order to meet the complex storage, and on 25 per cent of all systems at RES. “It can deliver a control requirements demanded of energy storage installed in the USA number of different services to the energy storage systems, the renewable through 2015. owner or operator and to customers.” energy company RES has developed Johnson adds that for the time Energy storage will play a crucial RESolve, a piece of proprietary being RES is not selling RESolve role in any future renewables-heavy software offering an advanced energy as a standalone product, rather energy mix as it can mitigate the storage response system. the company is incorporating the intermittent nature of generation Johnson, who has been involved software as a key feature of its energy from sources such as wind and solar in the energy storage sector on storage engineering and construction PV. Whilst the development of the behalf of RES since 2009, explains activities. “RESolve features a wide energy storage market relies to an that the company recognized it was range of applications that can be extent on the development of battery control expertise that could well be a deployed by the owner/operator; it

RES Energy storage

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Battery of Ohio is about maximizing what you can do Project 3 with the energy storage system that you have paid for and installed,” he says. “The system allows up to three different control modes and the ability to switch between control modes depending on market conditions and other operation signals such as frequency or state of charge.” In January 2016 RES announced its first contract to build and support a UK battery energy storage system. The system will be installed on behalf of Western Power Distribution on the 1.5MW British Solar Renewables solar park south of Glastonbury, Somerset. The centrepiece of the system is a far is a lot of the early stage energy we are always seeing new applications 300kVA/640kWh battery storage storage projects have been focused and new types of control that we system on which RES will utilize around ancillary services – often want to deliver. As RES operates a lot RESolve for full management of the frequency regulation as that seems to of storage and renewable assets we battery’s operation. be where the best revenues can be receive feedback from our operations “The project is looking at what earned at present,” comments Johnson. team as to how we can improve storage can do to benefit both “As more renewables go onto the grid, RESolve in terms of reporting, usability, the grid operator and the owner the more you need faster response interface and so forth.” of a solar site,” continues Johnson. storage and balancing services in Within the infant energy storage “The set up will perform a number order to enable a greater renewable market, RES is eager to position itself of functions including ramp rate penetration.” as an end-to-end service provider, control and peak shaving the solar RES’ energy storage activities are not offering everything from development farm – that is effectively limiting the restricted to renewables applications. to operation within a fully-wrapped output of the solar farm to a set Johnson explains that his team are warranty package. point defined by the grid operator, looking at various different services, “[As the market matures] we will allowing the operator to manage whether that be integrating with see more applications where an capacity on the network. It will also renewables, improving the efficiency energy storage system needs to earn provide reactive power support and of conventional generation, stabilizing its money through delivering a number voltage control.” the network, or reducing the cost to of different services to different The Glastonbury project is customers by optimizing their time of clients,” argues Johnson. “That is where expected to be commissioned by energy use. “There is a broad range the value of an advanced control the end of September and be fully of different applications that RES is system like RESolve comes in because operable during October 2016. considering around energy storage in you can deliver and sell services on Meanwhile, RES also which we see benefit to the network the one hand whilst offering time of recently announced that it had and customers in general,” he adds. use benefit to a behind the scenes won a 20MW frequency response On a day-to-day basis Johnson customers, and power quality benefit project for the National Grid. In currently spends a significant portion all from the same system. We started this case the battery energy storage of his time developing the logic of the off with a relatively simple application system will provide sub-second control system as RES prepares to and it is going to move to a more assistance in balancing the country’s release a new version of RESolve. “It is complex, layered application.” electricity grid. a continual evolution,” he says. “Energy “What we’ve seen in the market so storage is a relatively new industry and www.res-group.com

ENERGY ENGINEERING ISSUE 67 17 ENERGY STORAGE

Battery storage - balancing the grid and the bottom line?

Storing electrical energy at MW scale can help to reduce the variation in power output from intermittent generators and smooth the normal peaks and troughs of the daily load profile explains Catherine Cleary

Catherine Cleary with increasing reliance on intermittent role to play in providing increasingly generation from renewables and with technical services into the grid to less predictable demand patterns. postpone or prevent expensive capital Storing electrical energy at MW scale reinforcement projects. National Grid can help to reduce the variation has just run its first auction for a new in power output from intermittent technically ambitious balancing service generators and smooth the normal called “Enhanced Frequency Response peaks and troughs of the daily load (EFR)”, with all the successful providers profile. The impact on the supply and using storage technology. The interest demand economics of the electricity generated by this single new service, market may be up for debate, but so clearly suited to battery storage, ver the last year, the reducing the peak demands on the has alone triggered much of the recent UK’s very own “storage system has one clear benefit to interest in storage. Coupled with an rush” has been gathering us all – we build our transmission increasingly bleak outlook for other Omomentum, with over a gigawatt of and distribution networks for safe types of onshore energy project storage applications being received operation under peak conditions. development, battery storage seems to by the network operators in 2016 Reducing the stress on the electrical have found its time. – compared with almost none networks at peak conditions could If the technical merit of network a year ago. You’d be forgiven for postpone the need for reinforcements scale energy storage is looking thinking a fundamental technological and play a huge part in reducing clear, the bottom line is still looking advancement or major regulatory network costs. somewhat foggy. Existing large storage change might be behind such It’s not just a case of simple systems don’t provide a very helpful enthusiasm. In fact, the fundamental energy balancing either. The storage comparison: most storage stations in drivers behind storage haven’t changed developments coming forward are the UK are pumped hydro schemes for decades, but they seem to have largely inverter connected battery built in the time of a nationalised been biding their time, waiting in the storage projects. These offer highly electricity network, and represent wings for the stage to be perfectly set. controllable and responsive sources a level of capital expenditure most So, why now? Energy storage at its of active and reactive power, able to investors would baulk at. These most basic allows us to take energy respond to requests from National existing assets have, to date, provided generated at one moment in time, Grid to generate or absorb MWs and a fairly limited range of grid balancing store it, and release it later on. This MVArs in less than a second. Battery services, and used their scale to take is powerful stuff in an energy climate storage therefore has an exciting advantage of profits from energy

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Battery arbitrage and future trading. Newer battery projects will have to branch out to access more certain revenue streams if they are going to successfully attract project finance in the developer world. This is where EFR and other new, technically demanding balancing services come in. There have been a number of government funded network innovation projects looking at new commercial services that could incentivise batteries to the right place on the network to relieve specific constraints, as well as a network operator storage development – for increase the costs of storage projects range of fully integrated modules example, the UK Power Networks in certain areas. enabling all essential studies to be SNS battery project looked at It is still early days for the undertaken. ‘stacking’ multiple services and used deployment at scale of battery storage, Catherine Cleary is a Principal an advanced control system to but the technical need for responsive, Consultant TNEI Services with 6 years’ determine the most cost effective use controllable energy storage is clear, experience working as an electrical of the battery at any moment in time. and the latest wave of projects would engineer and grid connection specialist. This in fact appears to be one of the suggest the return on the bottom line Within TNEI, she leads the grid key challenges facing battery storage is sharpening up too. connection and feasibility team. She has developments - the technical capability TNEI Services is a specialist energy delivered a wide range of grid connection of the battery storage system is consultancy company offering industry- projects, both onshore and offshore, and so flexible that there is a complex leading services to the conventional has an in-depth understanding of the assessment to be done as to the and renewable energy sectors. Expert commercial considerations of connecting optimum service ‘stack’ for any battery advisory services cover key service renewables to the grid and infrastructure of a particular size in a particular areas of transmission and distribution planning in general. Catherine has location. Because these sensitivities power system analysis, design, planning, previous experience as design engineer inform the fundamental parameters consenting and environmental surveys, for a wind turbine manufacturer, including of the storage system: MW size, MWh and assessment. SSEG type testing, relay design and size, inverter size, grid connection Additionally, TNEI is a major supplier generator specification. requirements, they must be assessed at of power systems analysis software, an early stage in the project. Ipsa 2, which contains an extensive www.tnei.co.uk

TNEI Services has developed a Demand/generation detailed model looking at second by seesaw second operation of a battery storage system using historic electricity pricing and network data as well as grid constraint information to determine the levels of revenue available from certain services for a specific project. This takes into account some of the regulatory nuances that apply to storage which is currently treated as both ‘demand’ and ‘generation’ for grid connection and charging purposes as both of these factors can significantly

ENERGY ENGINEERING ISSUE 67 19 ENERGY STORAGE

Storage Solutions for the Smart Grid

Energy storage technology has the unique ability to deliver both real and reactive power capabilities to provide a higher security of energy supply says Stephen Jones

t is becoming increasingly clear their energy storage expertise, being from owning generation assets. that Energy Storage is set to play selected for the GreenTech Media’s Historically, energy storage has been a major role in the development “Grid Edge 20” (2014) and Solar classed as a generation asset. S&C Iof low carbon electricity networks. Media’s Energy Storage 100 (2016). Electric Company has spent many Energy storage technology has the S&C Electric also regularly contributes years lobbying the UK government to unique ability to deliver both real and to the development of the Electricity classify storage as an asset in its own reactive power capabilities to provide Storage Network, Energy Storage right. This policy is now being debated balancing services, ancillary services, Association, Renewable UK and throughout the energy industry and and a higher security of energy supply. European Association for the Storage UK government. In addition, energy storage is seen of Energy (EASE). S&C predicts that as demand on by many in the industry to become S&C has worked on the UK the electricity network, deployment the facilitating technology for wide Power Networks’ Smarter Network of embedded generation, and support scale renewable energy integration. Storage project, which at the time of for policy change all increase, coupled By mitigating the problems associated commissioning, was the largest battery with the fall in the capital cost of with intermittency, energy storage energy storage project in Europe. deploying energy storage, the market can help to fortify the business case The industry is often flooded is set to grow considerably. for renewable energy. Recently, the with the opinion that battery With the expected reduction of industry has seen an increase in energy storage is expensive. S&C renewable subsidies to encourage interest from developers for new has maintained for several years technologies to ‘stand on their own and existing installations, along with that energy storage technology two feet’ Energy storage is not waiting energy storage systems for domestic should be used to perform several for or expecting any favourable installations gaining momentum in applications simultaneously in order treatment, just a level playing field. many areas of the world. to create numerous overlapping Private investment will be a key driver S&C Electric Company’s first revenue streams. Projects such as UK in the future and the success will Energy Storage project connected to Power Network’s Smarter Network have a high dependence on ensuring the grid in 2006. Since then, S&C has Storage project are classed as Market energy storage projects have the gone on to deploy over 166MWh of Trials, not Technology trials since the confidence from investors that the energy storage globally, integrating a technology is proven. Simply put, solution has been designed to provide wide variety of use cases, including: the market needs to be assessed an optimal life expectancy with a peak shaving, T&D deferral, frequency to ensure it can generate enough reputable company who will be regulation, islanding, micro-grid, wind income to justify large scale energy able to support the solution for the and solar levelling and smoothing, storage investment. duration of its life. load following and balancing, voltage But investment costs are not the When looking at an energy storage support and power factor correction. only barrier facing wide scale energy solutions, there are many difficult In fact, S&C has been consistently storage deployment. UK law prevents decisions involved which can have a recognised within the industry for Distribution Network Operators huge impact on its success. Moreover,

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these decisions mostly concern with ongoing support. National Grid’s Enhanced areas which many have little or no S&C have a comprehensive Frequency response process is seen experience, such as: storage medium, Consultancy and Analytical Studies by many as the catalyst to encourage correct power conversion equipment, department located in Manchester, investment and contracts for power energy management systems, and UK. The studies department based applications. The battery compatibility with market facing support the project from day 1 storage market in the UK alone could applications, which may result in the with extensive studies to provide deliver over 1.6GW of capacity by requirement of economics-based analytical support on the financial 2020, regulating grid frequency, and software or perhaps a microgrid viability of deploying energy storage, making it easier to integrate increasing controller interface. S&C understands application considerations, optimal levels of renewable energy into the the complexity of energy storage storage medium selection, and system energy mix. systems, requiring considerable sizing. These decisions are made With an expert eye assessing ingenuity and design creativity on before any ground is broken to avoid lifetime value at every step in the the part of the integrator. S&C is unnecessary, and expensive, pitfalls project, S&C is best placed to guide well versed in the complexity of the later in the project. you through the complexity of interlocking sub systems that make S&C’s forward thinking continues deploying an energy storage system. up an energy storage solution. S&C throughout the EPC process and into Stephen Jones is Applications Director- have the experience and expertise post commissioning 24/7 monitoring Grid Solutions, S&C Electric Company. to guide a project from conception from their Global Support and through to completion and beyond Monitoring Centre. www.sandc.com

S&C Electric Company completed full EPC services on UK Power Networks’ Smarter Network Storage project at Leighton Buzzard

ENERGY ENGINEERING ISSUE 67 21 CONFERENCE & EXHIBITION 20-22 JUNE 2017 KOELNMESSE, COLOGNE, GERMANY

CALL FOR PAPERS

SUBMIT AN ABSTRACT FOR POWER-GEN & RENEWABLE ENERGY WORLD EUROPE 2017

The Advisory Board of the POWER-GEN & Renewable Energy World A full listing of the themes and topics can be found on the event Europe conference invites power industry experts to present a paper in website www.powergeneurope.com/conference. the joint conference in Cologne 2017. Share your knowledge and expertise with an international audience The principal themes of the 2017 conference are: of power professionals in 2017. • Strategy, Policy, Regulation, Business & Finance Please visit the conference page on www.powergeneurope.com for more information, or contact: • Solutions For Integration Amy Nash • Renewable Energy Strategy, Projects And Technology Senior Conference Manager • Energy Storage T: +44 (0) 1992 656 621 E: [email protected] • Mastering The Digital Era • Gas Fired Generation • Modern Plant Management & Emissions Control DEADLINE FOR SUBMISSION • Steam-Based Generation Techniques And Technologies 28 OCTOBER 2016 MAKING SENSE OF POWER Presented by: 22WWW.POWERGENEUROPE.COMISSUE 67 ENERGY ENGINEERING #POWEREUROPE Owned and Produced by:

0694_PGE17_CALL_FOR_PAPERS.indd 1 9/1/16 10:54 AM CABLES

CONFERENCE & EXHIBITION 20-22 JUNE 2017 KOELNMESSE, COLOGNE, GERMANY Going large

Thibaut Zumsteeg provides an update on innovative cable solutions for bigger wind farms

he changing energy landscape the tower to transformer, and then of four uninterrupted rotations in both is creating challenges for from the transformer to the grid. Both directions and more than 2000 cycles. CALL FOR transmission system operators medium voltage (MV) and low voltage Recent innovations in loop cables T(TSOs). Growing populations are (LV) power cables, as well as control include aluminium options. Aluminium increasing the demand for power, cables will be found in wind turbines. is 40% lighter than traditional PAPERS and at the same time, consumers A loop cable hangs freely inside copper, making it easier to install in are becoming more aware of the the top section of the tower to allow wind turbines. As an added benefit, need for renewable energy both to the nacelle to turn in the wind. Testing aluminium is also a cheaper material. diversify energy generation sources, of these cables is essential to ensure and to decrease the impact on the they are strong and flexible enough Increasing the voltage environment. to resist torsional effects. UL and CSA Wind farm developers are tending This has put pressure on power standards define the strength and towards higher capacity wind farms supply companies to not only increase torsional testing procedures the cables to meet the growing demand for the number of wind farms, but must satisfy. renewable energy. This increases to increase the amount of power Given the lifetime of a wind turbine energy security but the downside is generated by each site. One way can be more than 20 years, the cables that building wind farms with more of doing this is to use larger wind need to be tested to ensure they turbines is more expensive. One way SUBMIT AN ABSTRACT FOR turbines. Technology, including cabling, function properly during this time. of combatting this is to increase the POWER-GEN & RENEWABLE ENERGY WORLD EUROPE 2017 has had to adapt to keep up with this Mimicking field conditions in the lab capacity of wind turbines. For example, growing trend. Cables are an integral helps to ensure the cables can meet if a typical 500 MW wind farm was part of wind farms and can be the minimum accepted standard for built using 3.6 MW turbines, 138 The Advisory Board of the POWER-GEN & Renewable Energy World A full listing of the themes and topics can be found on the event found within wind turbines, between loop cables. This is normally a minimum would be needed. If 5 MW turbines Europe conference invites power industry experts to present a paper in website www.powergeneurope.com/conference. turbines, and between the wind farm the joint conference in Cologne 2017. Share your knowledge and expertise with an international audience The principal themes of the 2017 conference are: of power professionals in 2017. and the grid. The focus here is on three cabling • Strategy, Policy, Regulation, Business & Finance Please visit the conference page on www.powergeneurope.com for more information, or contact: innovations: • Solutions For Integration Amy Nash • Lighter, aluminium cables are making • Renewable Energy Strategy, Projects And Technology Senior Conference Manager installing cables in wind farms easier • Energy Storage T: +44 (0) 1992 656 621 E: [email protected] • Higher voltage intra-array cables can • Mastering The Digital Era carry the extra capacity created by • Gas Fired Generation DEADLINE FOR SUBMISSION the high capacity wind turbines • Modern Plant Management & Emissions Control • Pre-assembled wind turbine sections • Steam-Based Generation Techniques And Technologies 28 OCTOBER 2016 are already wired so can be easily constructed on site

Internal cables Each wind turbine contains as many MAKING SENSE as 100 different cables. Cables are needed to carry the power generated from the nacelle to the tower, from OF POWER Presented by: WWW.POWERGENEUROPE.COM ENERGY ENGINEERING ISSUE 67 23 #POWEREUROPE Owned and Produced by:

0694_PGE17_CALL_FOR_PAPERS.indd 1 9/1/16 10:54 AM CABLES

were used, only 100 would be needed. is impossible. To make transportation For 10 MW turbines, this drops to 50 and installation at the site easier, many turbines. OEMs now offer pre-assembled Traditionally, wind turbines have sections with the cables already wired been connected to each other and inside each section. The tower can be to the grid with 33 kV intra-array split into four or five sections up to 25 cables. If these cables were to be m in length with the cable pre-installed used to connect the newer, higher to make construction at the site capacity wind turbines, the cables significantly easier. would need to have a larger cross- There has been a recent trend section to carry the extra current. to simplify even this pre-assembled This has two downsides. First, more process. OEM manufacturers can use metal is needed so the cable is more cable kits which include cables cut to expensive. Second, the increased the correct lengths in the tower, are current leads to greater losses due already stripped and have the relevant to electrical resistance. However, by connectors to make wiring the doubling the voltage of the cables sections quicker and easier. to 66 kV, the cross-section can be decreased making the cables Conclusion cheaper, and making transportation These cable technologies are more efficient. In practice, the 66 innovating the way wind farms are kV cables are around 12% cheaper built, enabling higher capacity wind than traditional 33 kV cables but can farms and for wind farms to be built transmit twice the power. in more extreme environments. By Higher voltage cables are making cables lighter and cheaper, wind particularly useful for offshore wind energy is becoming cheaper and more farms located in deep, rough seas. The prevalent. high wind speeds here can produce As wind farms move further from large amounts of energy but installing shore and into more challenging wind turbines in this environment is environments, the need for reliable challenging. The new 66 kV cables cabling to carry the energy to the allow for a ring configuration rather grid will continue to grow. Given how than the traditional radial one which critical cabling is for both the internal increases redundancy, essential for function of the wind farm, and the more challenging environments. energy generated, these innovations are having a significant positive impact Pre-assembly on wind energy generation. The average wind turbine stands at Thibaut Zumsteeg is Global Marketing 140 m high, making building them from Manager for Wind Energy at Nexans scratch on site a challenge. However, transporting completed wind turbines www.nexans.com

24 ISSUE 67 ENERGY ENGINEERING Successful projects need an expert owner’s engineer Appointing an experienced owner’s engineer reduces project risk, improves return on investment and drives project success.

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ENERGY ENGINEERING ISSUE 67 25 WIND POWER

Going with the flow

Selena Farris says Smart, cost effective turbine analysis helps win big for wind

ptimising wind turbine effective performance optimisation and a pre-construction energy estimate, performance is a key maintenance plans? CFD models can be used to achieve element in ensuring the Understanding the wind flow on an in-depth understanding of the Olevelised cost of energy (LCOE) of an a wind farm is key to understanding wind flow conditions across the wind operational wind farm is minimised. wind turbine performance. Non- farm. While power curves plotted However, it is widely acknowledged uniform flows caused by increased with nacelle anemometry can present that the ability to accurately measure turbulence or off-axis inflows can lead a clean picture of the power curve, wind turbine performance is often to wind turbine underperformance the performance is hidden in subtle inhibited by the lack of high quality and increased mechanical loading on variances experienced over the wind flow data on operating wind the machines. course of minutes or hours. CFD farms. Nacelle anemometry* is By taking a holistic approach modelling is used to adjust the wind impacted by the turbine rotor, and to performance, we can gain an speeds for the potential wakes on the nacelle mounted anemometers are understanding of the subtle impacts nacelle anemometry and any sensor often uncalibrated – which inevitably of complex flow conditions. This degradation experienced over the life results in poor accuracy when it can reveal whether a perceived of the anemometer. To obtain time comes to determining power curves underperformance is caused by series detailed flow conditions at each and energy production analysis. flow conditions or wind turbine wind turbine, VENTOS CFD**** is While wind flow data is limited, other performance deficiencies. It allows us paired with on-site observations where data collected through the SCADA to weed through the SCADA data available, or VENTOS/M (a mesoscale- system**, can provide a wealth of and, for example, determine whether coupled CFD model), where on-site information relating to the mechanical an oil temperature spike is the result observations are unavailable. Flow components of the turbine. So how of a particularly onerous wind flow or parameters such as turbulence, shear, can we use smart desktop analysis of an early warning sign of component directional veer, and inflow angle are CFD Map turbine performance to develop cost degradation. modelled on a ten minute basis over Using computational fluid dynamics the period of operation on the wind models (CFD***) together with farm. This methodology provides a advanced turbine performance holistic view of wind flow conditions analytics of the data available from on a time series basis across all turbine most wind farms, Natural Power has locations. developed a unique methodology Power generation and flow to accurately identify the root cause conditions are used to generate a of wind turbine underperformance. turbine specific multi-dimensional By applying this tool, targeted power curve. This data provides the turbine optimisation plans can be most likely response of a specific developed and can facilitate the turbine model given precise flow biggest performance and revenue wins conditions, and the methodology in the most cost-effective manner, allows the data to be cleaned of any fundamentally targeting the LCOE of noise that is a result of complex flow the project on an ongoing basis. conditions. The remaining noise found Similar to the methods used for in the data can then be directly related

26 ISSUE 67 ENERGY ENGINEERING WIND POWER

Ventos CFD to mechanical deficiencies. Following this initial analysis, a time series of modelled generation is compared to the actual generation for each turbine in the context of the available signals within the SCADA data. Automated tools are used in a deeper investigation into the SCADA data to identify the key performance indicators, which are the likeliest cause of individual wind turbine underperformance. When the wind turbines’ actual generation deviates significantly from the modelled or is accounted for. Degradation of turbine performance can be achieved. expected generation, the signals in the the turbine’s generation against the Regardless of the availability of an on- SCADA data that track the deviation modelled generation can therefore site wind speed data, analyses can be are flagged and linked to specific detect very subtle changes in undertaken and issues benchmarked turbine components. This provides performance over time. Once a to identify solutions for performance a set of performance indicators for baseline for each turbine is established, optimisation. each turbine, and these deviations performance can be monitored as * Nacelle anemometry: An are categorised and ranked for maintenance is carried out, and as instrument that records wind speeds performance gains. components age over time. located on the back of the turbine. Strategic inspection and In an increasingly competitive global ** SCADA: Supervisory control and maintenance campaigns can then be market, where minimising the LCOE data acquisition (SCADA) is a system developed through benchmarking is paramount to a wind farm’s success, for remote monitoring and control of each wind turbine based on the large performance gains can be made that operates with coded signals over potential for performance gains. The through low cost desktop assessments communication channels, using typically performance indicators for each wind that design targeted maintenance one communication channel per turbine point to specific components strategies for cost effectively remote station. which equips maintenance teams with maximising of performance. Through ***CFD: Computational fluid the information needed to maximise the detailed understanding of wind dynamics (CFD) is a branch of fluid their productivity and reduce costs turbine response to a wide range of mechanics that uses numerical analysis resulting from investigative time. flow conditions, a holistic view of wind and algorithms to solve and analyze In a recent study, degradation problems that involve fluid flows. Complex Terrain in components such as the Computers are used to perform gearbox and hydraulic unit were the calculations required to simulate successfully identified. In addition, yaw the interaction of liquids and gases misalignments of less than four with surfaces defined by boundary degrees were identified, proving conditions. the accuracy and the level of detail **** Developed by the Centre for available in the analysis. Wind Energy and Atmospheric Flows, Using a multi-dimensional power University of Porto under a joint curve to monitor wind turbine venture with and Natural Power performance on an ongoing basis can and RES. also provide an early warning system Selena Farris is Head of Methods and for component degradation over Innovations, in the technical department the long-term. As the methodology at Natural Power corrects the nacelle wind speeds for biases, anemometer degradation www.naturalpower.com

ENERGY ENGINEERING ISSUE 67 27 PROJECT MANAGEMENT

Delivering Safety by Design

Nick Yates identifies some of the safety difficulties faced by renewable energy providers, and looks at how adopting a design-led approach that incorporates considerations about safety at an early stage can reduce risk across the project life cycle

he growth of the renewable however, can be an ‘afterthought’ once safety plan will define what safety energy market has brought systems are designed and ready to be resource is needed for a project, about the development operationally deployed. Addressing how it will be deployed and when. Tof innovative and complex power safety issues at the later stages of a Critically, it will document how safety generation and transmission project can cause a number of project information, including the overall safety technologies, often operating in risks, including: argument, will be recorded – this is isolated and challenging environments. • Expensive system re-designs often a specific challenge of fast-paced New technologies can face • Project delays or innovative programmes in the considerable barriers to market, as • Reduction in capability due to renewables sector. Planning ensures they require a high initial investment operational limitations. that safety input is actively considered with a complex, expensive, and time- To help avoid these project risks, it is and incorporated in the early concept consuming design process. Significant important for safety to be considered and design phase, and evidence resource and focus is expended on from the outset. Safety planning is formally recorded. demonstrating technologies’ power common across high-hazard sectors, Typically a safety plan will also generation capability and capacity, so including renewables, but to be identify key safety-related standards, that the viability and scalability of the effective it must be well-defined and legislation and relevant good practice technology can be assessed. Safety, adhered to throughout a project. The applicable to the project. This can form the basis of a compliance register which can be utilised throughout a project’s lifecycle to help ensure compliance with these statutory requirements. By formally recording and managing this information early on, the risks of failing to be granted permits or regulatory challenge can be reduced.

Identifying hazards, reducing risks Conducting hazard identification and analysis early in a project, assessing aspects including design, construction, operation and decommissioning, enables safety requirements to be

28 ISSUE 67 ENERGY ENGINEERING PROJECT MANAGEMENT

derived and incorporated into the overall project requirements set. These requirements will help system designers optimise safety in the final design solution, avoiding the introduction of capability reducing operational limitations. Renewable energy technology designers and operators are legally required to demonstrate they have done all that is ‘reasonably practicable’ to reduce safety risks. This can be achieved by complying with relevant good practice or, for more complex situations, be identified, helping ensure the maintenance requirements reduces demonstrated by ‘first principles’. system is reliable in operation and the exposure of maintenance With the unique technologies and reducing the through-life support personnel to risks such as high sea- challenges of the renewable energy burden. This, in turn, can have a states and inclement weather. sector, the latter approach is likely significant safety benefit. Many Indeed, people are often vital to to be required for aspects of many renewable energy generation the operation and maintenance of projects. Hazard identification systems operate in challenging systems, so considering the human and analysis can be used to help environments, often offshore – a element of a system early on in its designers understand the levels of system with high reliability and low design is important. Safety assessment residual safety risk within a system and its operation. This can then be used to structure a robust, demonstrable approach to the identification of risk reduction options, and for cost-benefit analyses to underpin the argument that risks have been reduced ‘so far as is reasonably practicable’. Whilst conducting studies like these early in a project’s lifecycle requires investment, the benefits of a more robust, safer design can be realised throughout the life of a project. Understanding the weaknesses of a system concept and design, through techniques such as failure mode, effects and criticality analysis (FMECA), can help designers identify causes of safety risks and reliability issues. This information can be used to derive appropriate safety requirements and mitigate risks. Equally, by understanding system reliability aspects, appropriate design and operational requirements can

ENERGY ENGINEERING ISSUE 67 29 PROJECT MANAGEMENT

draws upon ergonomics and human safety analysis also helped reduce With high initial investment required factors inputs, to understand the the risks to personnel transferring in renewable energy systems, ensuring human element by exploring the to turbines from the vessel. Our that any safety issues are resolved underlying factors of human error. safety team provided the design before production starts is essential. This helps guide the development of team with a clear set of derived By implementing ‘Safety-by-Design’ a system so that it is usable, reduces safety requirements and identified solutions organisations benefit from: the operator’s burden, and functions engineered control measures, for • Reduced potential for harm to without harming personnel. incorporation into the design early personnel, including elimination of At Frazer-Nash we have been on in its development. some hazards altogether implementing this safety-by-design On a tidal turbine project, we • Reduced product development costs approach on a wide variety of provided independent safety advice and time complex and innovative projects on through-life project safety, and • Reduced through-life costs for over 20 years. Working specific review and advice on associated with managing additional collaboratively, our safety, design and specialist areas of safety-related ‘bolt-on’ safety controls supportability teams have helped legislation and technology. Whilst • Enhanced safety during construction, deliver safe and effective design considerable effort had been made maintenance, operations and solutions to our renewables sector by our customer in achieving a safe decommissioning customers’ problems. design, our support was required to • Simplified designs and concept of On an offshore crew transfer help with the documentation of this operations vessel launch and recovery system work. We developed a proportionate • Improved reliability and lower project, for example, our use of bespoke programme of work that through-life costs for maintenance hazard identification, FMECA helped our customer achieve the and repair and risk analysis helped drive building blocks of a robust safety • Reduced time at risk of maintainers through key system design changes. argument and processes for through- working in high-hazard environments These included the inclusion of life safety management. Our advice • Improved demonstration of an interlocked vessel-latching and structured approach helped our regulatory compliance. mechanism which, as a result of our customer understand the design Nick Yates is Safety Group Leader at FMECA study, was further simplified evidence required to develop and Frazer Nash Consultancy to reduce the risks of a single maintain a robust safety argument for point of failure. Our operational the turbine. www.fnc.co.uk

30 ISSUE 67 ENERGY ENGINEERING CONFERENCE EXHIBITION 18-20 JULY 2017 SANDTON CONVENTION CENTRE, JOHANNESBURG, SOUTH AFRICA

CALLING ALL EXPERT SPEAKERS POWER-GEN & DistribuTECH Africa conference is looking for industry experts to exchange knowledge to help create a brighter future for Africa’s power sector. Submit your proposal to be a speaker at Africa’s premier 3,000+ electricity industry conference Attendees • Renewable projects & opportunities • Biomass • Financing renewable projects • Geothermal energy • Renewable policy & regulation • Wave & tidal 100+ • Risk & security assessment • Waste to energy Speakers • Grid access & integration • Hybrid design • Hydropower • Energy storage systems • Wind energy • Rural electrification 60+ Sub Saharan • Solar energy Africa VIP Delegation

Don’t miss your chance to present your wealth of knowledge, experience and ideas as a speaker today. Submittal deadline 5 January 2017. 32 www.powergenafrica.com/conference Sessions

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0047_PGAF_A4.indd 1 11/16/16 10:12 AM ENERGY MANAGEMENT

Working together

Keeping the Lights on (and the party going) in Knoydart, Scotland -Z-Lynk demand management system helps balance hydro-power network for remote community

ew Year’s Eve will never locally-generated power because peak winter period and to prepare be quite the same again in it is not connected to the National the electrical system for future Inverie on the Knoydart Grid. Indeed, the community of 120 growth, the Knoydart Foundation, Npeninsular, a remote community on residents and local businesses are which owns the power generation, the far reaches of the west coast of also cut off from the UK mainland started a programme in 2014 both to the Scottish Highlands. road network, making access possible increase power capacity through dam In recent years, it’s become almost a only by boat or by foot. It is this improvement work and to improve local tradition for the power network very remoteness and the landscape’s grid performance through demand-side to trip over the Christmas and New rugged beauty that brings tourists management. Year winter holiday – but all that has flocking from far and wide. “It was clear that the demand for changed with the upgrading of the Day-to-day life in Inverie – along power within the community was local hydro-power generation system with the tourist trade - relies primarily beginning to reach the limitations of and the design and installation of on hydro-power (with a back-up the power grid and therefore the demand management technology diesel generator) on a 6km grid board of community directors decided by Energy Assets, a leading energy stretching along the bay. This serves to take pre-emptive action to increase services and control company based in homes, the primary school, Post generation capacity and intelligently Livingston. Office, shops, the Knoydart Pottery & manage loads before it started Knoydart is situated between Loch Tearoom, guesthouses, self-catering impacting on the quality of life for Nevis and Loch Hourn and relies accommodation, hostels and The Old residents,” said Kyle Smith, Knoydart exclusively on Forge pub - where the pier is located Renewables Operations Manager. ”The for boat access to and from the community faced repeated instances in peninsula. periods of high demand – particularly In order to prevent during the holiday season around outages during the Christmas and New Year – when the network would trip.” Working with Highlands and Islands Enterprise and a number

Alan Jones

32 ISSUE 67 ENERGY ENGINEERING ENERGY MANAGEMENT

of individual donors, Knoydart received the power threshold be reached. overnight through off-peak tariffing. funding for a hydro dam improvement Receivers were installed across the In time, the Foundation hopes that project, which has increased the hydro network and control software written the enhanced reliability of the grid output capacity from 180kW to more to ensure that when the hydro system will enable the introduction of in-line than 220kW. Then, together with came close to its maximum threshold, electric boilers that can be operated Local Energy Scotland, Community progressive and automatic load automatically through Z-Lynk when Energy Scotland and the University switching would take place. The load there is spare network capacity, thus of Edinburgh, a programme was switching system is linked to a data offsetting oil consumption from launched to influence behaviour locally, tracker sampling power levels every existing oil-fired boilers. with a smart lightbulb installed in a 10 seconds. Alan Jones, Director of Technology community office to provide a visual The Energy Assets system also and Product Development at Energy indicator (from green to red) of the monitors the cumulative amount Assets, says that there are lessons to power status, and a website created of time each load is shed, thereby be learned for the whole country in showing real-time power usage. ensuring that switching is evened- the success of the project at Knoydart. “When it came to demand out across several loads of equal “We are all aware that the gap management, we looked at internet- priority. For Knoydart, this works in between power generation and based systems and smart plugs that conjunction with storage heaters in demand is narrowing, so we need could switch off appliances, but homes, ensuring that no particular technological solutions, such as the what we liked about the Energy home is discriminated against. The Z-Lynk control system, to switch loads Assets’ Z-Lynk system was that it network can also shed loads based on when needed to avoid major power communicated over powerlines, and mains frequency, not just on power outages,” says Alan. as such would guarantee the signal demand. “To this extent, the situation in reliability we needed.” “As soon as the smart switches Knoydart is no different to the Energy Assets conducted extensive were installed, everything worked national picture - and nor is the load testing on the hydro system perfectly,” said Kyle. “We now know solution…it’s just a matter of scale. to understand system reliability, and that we have a demand management Indeed, what this project proves is when a trial confirmed that command system in place, along with greater just how valuable load switching can signals from the Z-Lynk low power generation capacity, to support our be in balancing capacity, not just for transmitter would reach every part goal of enabling the community to remote communities but for the of the network, Knoydart gave the grow and to develop for the future.” country as a whole.” go-ahead. In addition to demand-side Working together, the Knoydart technology, Knoydart is also investing www.energyassets.co.uk Foundation and Energy Assets’ in more energy efficient storage engineers created a priority stack of heating and encouraging residents to loads that could be switched should charge heaters

ENERGY ENGINEERING ISSUE 67 33 LIGHTING

Future of lighting

Philip Smallwood, conference chair for the forthcoming Strategies in Light Europe conference, provides his overview of what visitors and delegates can expect to see at the show this year

companies and organizations. The smart connected lights to LED, lamp day will start with an exhilarating and luminaire forecasts presented introductory keynote from OSRAM, by Strategies Unlimited’s most up-to Mr. Geert Van Der Meer, Senior date market research reports. “The Vice President & CEO of Business Future of Lighting” was designed to Unit Digital Systems will provide an enhance the thinking of attendees exciting overview of what the path as to provide a vision of what the to mass adoption and monetization market of the future might look like. of lighting in the IOT might look Topics covered during these sessions like. He will be followed by Bill will range from how lighting fits Rogers, Head of Strategy at The into the Internet of Things (IOT) Green Investment Bank, who will and human centric lighting to new his is the seventh iteration go over how LED first changed the business practices being employed in of Strategies in Light Europe, financing dynamics of the industry the market. and my first as the Chair of and how they are poised to continue Tthe conference. Last year was the changing with the increased usage Strategies in Light Europe, ExCel London, first time we co-located the show of connected smart lighting. Our last 23-24 November. with LuxLive, one of the premier keynote, Falk Meissner, Chief Strategy lighting trade shows in Europe, and I Officer of Lumileds will discuss how www.sileurope.com am very excited to keep up with the the evolution that continues within momentum of last year’s successful the packaged LED market is allowing partnership. for the creation of fixtures that are As you all know, the landscape of more than merely functional light, the industry is currently experiencing but provide for an exciting and tremendous change. Not only have immersive user experience. LED technologies made their way In order to keep up with these into the mainstream, but connected changes, the Advisory Board and smart lighting technologies are the I have overhauled the theme of new “unknown” of the market that the conference, which is divided is causing shifts in not only how we into two sessions: “Dealing with A perceive and think about light, but Disrupted Lighting Market”, which also how we go about the business will cover topics pertinent to the of lighting. This new paradigm has disruptive changes the industry required us to re-think the content of is facing today. Presentations will SIL Europe to keep the show at the revolve both around technological forefront of the industry. advancements and changing market The Keynote and Plenary Sessions dynamics. Discussions during this of the show will feature top session will range from lasers used executives from leading industry for lighting and data collection from

34 ISSUE 67 ENERGY ENGINEERING Co-located with:

WWW.SILEUROPE.COM KEYNOTE SESSION HEAR THE EXPERTS’ VIEW OF THE FUTURE OF LIGHTING 23 - 24 NOVEMBER 2016 ExCeL | LONDON | U.K

Geert Van Der Meer Bill Rogers Zoltan Vamos Strategies in Light Europe opens its 2016 conference with a scene setting Keynote session featuring a top tier line-up of international Lighting industry experts providing their view of the future of lighting:

Geert Van Der Meer Bill Rogers Zoltan Vamos Senior Vice President Managing Director-Strategy GM of Controls at Current, powered by GE OSRAM The Green Investment Bank GE Lighting Germany United Kingdom Hungary

This must attend presentation is just one of the information packed sessions at Strategies in Light Europe. Visit the conference page on www.sileurope.com for further information

Register now on www.sileurope.com and save up to £100 with our early bird conference delegate rates REGISTRATION DEADLINE 30 September 2016

To participate at Strategies in Light Europe, please visit the event website www.sileurope.com or contact your local PennWell LED and Lighting Network expert:

USA West Coast: USA East Coast: Worldwide: Germany/Switzerland/Austria: Italy: Tim Carli Katrina Frazer James Pountney Johann Bylek Giorgio La Ferla T: +1 (650) 946 3163 T: +1 (603) 891-9186 T: +44 (0) 20 3283 4387 T: +49 (0) 89-90480-143 T: +39 02 581 10007 E: [email protected] E: [email protected] M: +44 (0) 7860 775 623 E: [email protected] E: [email protected] E: [email protected]

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Supply chain support

Alistair Welch learns how the Advanced Propulsion Centre is supporting the development of a strong low carbon mobility supply chain in the UK

wide-ranging report development and production. a similar 2010 report authored for the published by the Advanced The Advanced Propulsion Centre Automotive Council, addresses the A Propulsion Centre has found supports research and development most compelling opportunities within there are significant opportunities through match-funded projects (50 the low carbon mobility supply chain for UK organisations to build a per cent from government and 50 that offer the best potential on which strong future supply chain across low per cent from industry), typically the UK might capitalize. carbon mobility. The report argues seeking to help bring technologies to Whilst the 2010 report focused that there are opportunity areas production readiness. “In the UK we predominantly on the passenger car, in engines, transmissions, power are generally very good at generating the 2016 report has broadened the electronics, batteries and fuel cells, great ideas in universities,” explains outlook across further automotive and lightweighting technologies that Christopher May, Technology Trend sectors to also cover motorcycles align well with both existing capability Manager. “However, within the as well as on and off highway within UK industry and latent UK automotive industry we have commercial vehicles. “We are trying potential. struggled to pull those technologies to pinpoint tangible opportunities The Advanced Propulsion Centre, through into a production within the UK supply chain,” says was established in 2013 as a joint environment. The essence of the May. “The report argues that some venture between the UK Government Advanced Propulsion Centre is to already established positions are and the automotive industry (in the help develop supply chain in that low not worth chasing. Instead the form of the Automotive Council) to carbon arena.” report looks to the future and asks position the UK as a global centre of The Advanced Propulsion Centre in which areas are there disruptions excellence for low carbon powertrain report, which builds on the findings of and limited incumbency, providing

ENERGY ENGINEERING ISSUE 67 37 SUPPLY CHAIN

the UK a better chance of securing larger players who perhaps don’t have all said that they are committed to opportunities.” existing technology in certain areas? the projects. In terms of that initial May continues: “In electrification Could we attract business adjacent litmus test we haven’t seen any the supply chain is not yet set, so if to automotive who have a strong major fallout,” he says. “I think it you’ve got an interesting technology record of delivery to volume, cost, is very important we support the and can bring that together with a and quality?” Government’s message that the UK good supply chain proposition, you’ve Beyond the publication of the is open for business. Nevertheless, got an improved chance of creating a report the Advanced Propulsion the important thing that needs to good, sustainable UK opportunity.” Centre has had another busy 12 be understood is that whilst we In building the report the Advanced months managing its technology can talk about the UK automotive Propulsion Centre, working alongside development projects. “We have industry, the UK car market, and UK Ricardo and the energy consultancy added six projects to our portfolio in carbon targets, the reality is that the E4Tech, engaged with academic the last year involving players such automotive industry is an intensely and industry stakeholders from 152 as Jaguar Land Rover and Nissan,” global, intensely competitive industry different organisations. The dialogue comments Constance. “We are and everything that we do has to be with contributors comprised an also working with Morgan on an done in context of what is happening online survey reaching out across interesting electrification of their elsewhere in the world. Any decisions the UK supply chain in addition to a product line. This really shows the we make need to be understood in an more qualitative element involving strength of the Advanced Propulsion international context.” discussions and workshops with Centre as it would be difficult for May adds: “Brexit happened just as senior R&D figures from both vehicle Morgan to fund a programme to we were putting the finishing touches manufacturers and universities. electrify their product at the speed to the report. We went back through The report recognizes that one of they are doing without the support of the report with a fine-tooth comb to the challenges facing the UK in this the collaborative project that we are examine if there was anything that we sector is the relative lack of Tier One engaged with.” needed to change – in actuality none suppliers in the country. “Absolutely Additionally the Advanced of the messages needed to change. one of our key goals is to spur that Propulsion Centre is supporting the It is still fundamentally about finding Tier One activity,” comments chief re-shoring of powertrain components the right opportunity to capitalise and executive of the Advanced Propulsion including motors, batteries and build capability in the UK and how we Centre Ian Constance. “There are a electrical systems in order to bolster can make a success of that.” number of ways that we do that. First the UK supply chain. Furthermore, “Brexit has the potential to create of all, it’s about attracting the existing the Advanced Propulsion Centre team come uncertainty which is not Tier Ones who are overseas based to represents the UK at key industry helpful,” reflects May. “However, it put some more activity into the UK. events around the world, promoting also offers renewed encouragement The second aspect is about identifying the UK’s compelling message for the UK supply chain to look to people with technologies and people based around automotive heritage, itself to be world class on a global with manufacturing capabilities and innovative capability, strong academia, scale. The automotive industry is truly trying to encourage them to grow and a healthy support environment. global and to capture a piece of that and work together to work in a Tier Responding to the result of June’s pie we need to be word class.” One capacity. It is a very challenging referendum on membership of the environment but if we can develop European Union, Constance argues The report ‘Low Carbon Automotive some trees out of those acorns then that although the circumstances of Propulsion Technologies: The UK’s we will have done our job.” Brexit are something he is watching capability to capitalize upon the “Can we use some lateral thinking carefully, for the time being it is future technology-led research-to- to help us overcome the Tier essentially a case of ‘business as usual’. manufacture supply chain opportunities’ One challenge?” asks May. “Can “So far, the people who are doing is available to download from the APC we encourage more collaboration projects with us and have submitted website: between small players and existing for the latest round of projects have www.apcuk.co.uk

38 ISSUE 67 ENERGY ENGINEERING SM&E_AD_2017_297Hx210W_Energy Engineering.qxp_14112016 14/11/2016 12:50 Page 1

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SOUTHERN MANUFACTURING Pre-register online now for & ELECTRONICS is an ETES event organised by your free entry badge and European Trade & Exhibition Services Ltd Register here show preview at with your Tel 01784 880890 smartphone www.industrysouth.co.uk email [email protected] TRANSPORT

40 SEPTEMBERISSUE 67 2016 ENERGY ENGINEERING TRANSPORT

Greener and cleaner

A revolution in the introduction of greener, cleaner buses in the UK is helping deliver on both climate and air quality objectives

cleaner buses have arrived in large LowCVP had a clearly defined objective numbers in the UK. They are playing to help bring low carbon buses to G an increasingly important part in cutting the UK market. Building on many reener, carbon emissions from the road transport years of work by LowCVP members sector and, in particular, reducing pollution (in particular Millbrook and TfL) the in cities around the UK. LowCVP developed the criteria for A report by the LowCVP for Greener the Low Carbon Emission Bus (LCEB) Journeys (a campaign aiming to help for the Department for Transport people make more sustainable transport which provided the basis for £90m of choices) describes ‘The Journey of the support under the four rounds of the Green Bus’, looking at how innovation Government’s Green Bus Fund. There and policy support over the last decade are now around 3,500 buses on the has transformed the bus sector from road which meet the LCEB criteria. being a part of the problem to being an More than one in four buses sold in important part of the solution to poor 2015 was a LCEB and over half of all urban air quality and climate change. 2015 bus registrations met the Euro VI Maintaining our ability to move standard. around in increasingly congested towns “While an increasingly wide range of and cities is more critical today than transport options now exist, there’s no ever before, so with road transport doubt that an effective bus operation responsible for around a quarter of the can deliver one UK’s greenhouse gas emissions and of the best up to 60 per cent of roadside NOx solutions to pollution in many cities around the the mobility UK, the introduction of cleaner, low challenges emission buses is a vital component of of air a low emission transport future. Older technology buses historically contributed up to two-thirds of NOx emissions in the most densely trafficked areas. From its inception in 2002 the

ENGINEERINGENERGY ENGINEERING SEPTEMBERISSUE 2016 67 41 TRANSPORT

quality, climate change, congestion, convenience and, of course, cost,” says LowCVP managing director Andy Eastlake. “’The Journey of the Green Bus’ chronicles how the last 20 years have transformed the emissions, the world is quickly catching up however, efficiency and experience of buses. It areas of poor air quality in relation to with Korea aiming to replace 26,000 will, hopefully, help to dispel some of the buses. Euro Standards were set to CNG buses with hydrogen buses, outdated perceptions of this essential prevent large amounts of this harmful Paris operator RAPT aiming to have travel option.” pollutant being released by the vehicles 80% of its fleet electric by 2025 and Following further policy development, but in practice the emission abatement Amsterdam aiming for all its buses to be the LowCVP supported OLEV and DfT technologies did not perform as electric by 2025. in producing the new Low Emission Bus legislated. As a consequence Euro V1, London will always be a key market (LEB) criteria, providing the basis for the the latest Euro Standards certification, in the UK as it is often a policy and recent Low Emission Bus Grant; a £30 includes PEMS testing, monitoring technology test-bed for the rest of the million fund to be run over three years emissions of the vehicle on the road UK. With TfL mandating at least a third (2016–2019) designed to stimulate the as well as in the lab, to give a better of its 9,000 bus fleet to be hybrids, purchase of Low Emission Buses. indication as to its performance when in there will always be a market for green A wide range of technical solutions service. Significant effort has gone into buses in the UK. However, austerity have been adopted and validated through emissions abatement technology such measures are likely to have an effect real world emissions tests. These are as Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) on the rate at which green buses are now delivering clear and demonstrable resulting in over a 95% drop in NOx deployed post 2020. air quality and carbon benefits. The emissions from buses across the board. Potential technology innovations technologies adopted include the full The UK has arguably had the greatest include electrified ancilliaries – sometimes spectrum of hybrid solutions (plug-in demand for green buses in Europe. The known as micro-hybrids these buses hybrids, diesel-electric hybrids, flywheel largest electric bus fleet in Europe is achieve fuel savings by using energy hybrids and micro-hybrids); battery operated by Nottingham City Council, captured during braking to support the electric buses; and a range of fuel solutions while London will have the largest vehicle’s additional systems rather than including buses powered by hydrogen fuel amount of hybrids in the world by propulsion. This provides fuel savings cells and biomethane. 2020 (when they expect to have 3,000 compared with traditional diesels without Air quality regulations have been hybrids and 300 zero emissions-capable the significant capital cost difference or set in Europe for various air pollutants buses). Only China and the US have operational limitations of other green to protect human health. Whilst seen greater inward investment in green buses. In the long term it is seen that much has been achieved to date, the technologies overall. Many countries these buses may well become the latest research by the Department for such as Iran and India have CNG dominant competitor to diesels, where Environment, Food and Rural Affairs propelled vehicles, but they are still they will become the standard buses and shows that at least five regions in the UK using fossil gas rather than biomethane not considered green long term. are still facing an immense challenge in sourced from anaerobic digestion as all Over the next five to ten years the meeting European air quality standards gas buses do in the UK. expectation is that new low carbon for nitrogen dioxide (NO2). The Low Both UK manufactures and operators technologies will become more and Emission Buses beat every standard have benefited from clear and consistent more widespread as issues around needed to operate in Clean Air Zones policy from successive governments warranties and critical components such including the London ULEZ. and have adapted and evolved to meet as batteries and supercapacitors are NOx is a significant problem in the multiple pressures from public and resolved. There will also be reductions in industry globally to produce clean green the upfront capital costs compared with buses. A combination of the Green Bus diesel equivalents but continuing support Fund (£87m) and the Low Emission Bus to encourage their innovation and uptake scheme (£30m) has seen over £100m will be required. invested in the purchase of vehicles and infrastructure resulting in over 3,700 Low www.lowcvp.org.uk Carbon Emission Buses being deployed in the UK to date. Europe and the rest of www.greenerjourneys.com

42 ISSUE 67 ENERGY ENGINEERING How can WMG help the automotive industry address the challenge of Low Carbon Mobility?

Lightweight Advanced Intelligent Energy Structures Propulsion Vehicles Storage and Management

Lighter Cleaner Smarter Cheaper

Work with us to explore ways to improve your processes, products and systems whilst minimising costs.

Contact us to find out more: u +44(0)24 7615 1667 u www.wmghvmcatapult.org.uk u [email protected] RESEARCH

Working together

Alistair Welch speaks to WMG’s Professor Dave Greenwood about the range of the Group’s activities in electrified mobility

Professor Dave Greenwood through technology development Group’s powertrain activities. “My role and value-adding innovation. As such, is to grow the research capability and WMG works on projects with a high ensure we are conducting leading edge ‘Technology Readiness Level’ (TRL) research in areas that are absolutely that are already relatively close to industrially relevant,” he says. market production. Currently WMG’s work in propulsion WMG conducts research and divides into four key areas: electric development activity across a variety motors; power electronics; battery of different sectors, but the Group’s systems; and the control architectures single biggest area of focus is around necessary to link together those automotive and propulsion systems, components. Greenwood argues that especially low carbon innovation. “irrespective of what you think the MG (Warwick Indeed, WMG is one of seven of future of transport looks like, all of these Manufacturing Group) is the UK’s High Value Manufacturing elements are present.” Wan academic department Catapults (specialist centres established WMG does not itself manufacture of the University of Warwick and one by government to drive growth in products, rather through the transfer of the world’s leading research centres. particular technology areas), in its case and knowledge and skills the Group What differentiates WMG from other dedicated to low carbon mobility. helps companies to improve a product university research organisations is Dave Greenwood is the Professor or system. Around 20 per cent of the that it is set up specifically to help of Advanced Propulsion Systems at Group’s funding comes from research the competitiveness of companies WMG and is responsible for leading the councils (including the ESPRC and

Vehicle Energy Facility - Energy Innovation Centre

44 ISSUE 67 ENERGY ENGINEERING RESEARCH

Horizon2020); 40 per cent is provided by the industrial partners with which WMG collaborates; and the further 40 per cent comes from funding bodies such as InnovateUK designed to stimulate industry. Within electric motors, Greenwood explains that WMG’s particular focus is in understanding how design, materials, and manufacturing processes work together in relation to performance quality and cost. Research is addressing how the EV industry might ramp up from a relatively niche market to meet the high volumes made for many years for application demanded by a mass market. in various industrial contexts – the In partnership with Jaguar Land challenge now is to optimize them for Rover (and with additional support automotive application and discover the funding from the Advanced Propulsion best technologies to make them fast, Centre – which is also located on the cheap, and high quality. University of Warwick campus), WMG Greenwood argues that whilst has developed what is essentially a the movement towards electrified complete factory for electric motors. powertrains represents a significant “We are doing this not because shift in the focus of the automotive we want to make a lot of electric industry, he hesitates to call it truly motors and sell them, but because ‘disruptive’. “The automotive industry we want to be doing research on the is very rarely disruptive. Even the shift manufacturing processes and materials to EVs is not as disruptive as you might and want to make sure that we are think,” he says. “Yes, it introduces a doing that research in a representative new supply chain and some different environment: the same conditions as product development standards but it you would see in an industrial context,” is not as though the whole automotive explains Greenwood. “We have industry will go out of business and be completed a building to house the replaced by new entrants as a result of facility and between now and the end that shift.” of the year the various machines and Linked to electric motors is WMG’s pieces of equipment will come in. This work in power electronics, covering will allow us to understand in deep components including inverters, switches detail the different winding techniques and battery chargers. Under Professor for electric machines, the different Philip Mawby (University of Warwick, assembly techniques, the different Engineering Department) a research types of magnetic materials and the group is looking at the potential of silicon impact they have.” carbide switches, whilst a parallel group Whilst the lead partner is JLR, the led by Professor Richard McMahon project involves stakeholders from (WMG) is considering the integration of across the electric motor supply chain, such next generation systems to improve all of whom are likely to benefit from performance and reduce overall cost. the knowledge generated through the “Although those new technologies research. Electric motors have been can be a little more expensive, they

ENERGY ENGINEERING ISSUE 67 45 RESEARCH Showcase your energy solutions at the UK’s largest renewable energy and sustainability event give us the opportunity to switch faster opening the box on the facility to being embedded in a vehicle to deliver that and run at hotter temperatures and fully utilized in a short period of time. functionality,” explains Greenwood. “In 10-11 May 2017, SECC Glasgow eliminate some of the other components We are now at the point where we doing that we’ve got some interesting • Meet face to face with the largest group of and systems that you would find in need to double the size to cope with techniques around hardware and buyers in renewables a conventional system,” comments the research demand. It’s a great place software in-the-loop.” • Develop business with 7,000+ visitors Greenwood. “It is therefore possible to be and we’re delighted to be able Although Brexit has brought with • Join 400+ leading suppliers & build your sales pipeline to reduce the size of the passive to do that – it’s great to see the UK is it some uncertainty around funding components (inductors and capacitors responding to that challenge.” (the future of Horizon2020 being • Make valuable contacts at sector-specific free and so forth) that sit in the system.” Greenwood is eager that research a particular concern), Greenwood networking events Additionally, WMG serves as the across the three powertrain sectors believes that WMG’s funding for its Contact the Sales Team today to secure UK’s national scale-up centre for battery discussed should not take place low carbon mobility work is sufficiently your preferred stand location. technology. Over the last five years in isolation. “If you look at what is diverse that it should continue without the Group has developed a class- happening in industry at the moment, major obstruction. Furthermore, he is +44 (0)20 8439 5560 leading facility to support the industrial the technologies are really quite siloed,” confident that the market demand for [email protected] scale-up of battery processes – that is he laments. “You’ll have companies electric vehicles will continue to grow. “I taking something that might have been developing batteries, companies hesitate to use the phrase ‘tipping point’ demonstrated at laboratory scale within developing power electronics and so because it suggests we have a binary a university to an industrially relevant on. We are getting to the point where in moment where we go from the internal scale for application in a vehicle, order to optimize each of the individual combustion engine to all electric at some consumer electronics, or in grid storage. products they are actually causing point in future,” reflects Greenwood. “We can do the coating of electrodes compromise in others. We must make “But in terms of the rates of sales, you with new materials to give the right sure that the leaders of those sectors are can see EV sales doubling year on year power and energy – this involves a lot interacting to solve each others problems across lots of markets. We’ve gone of work around binders and solvents. rather than cause them.” from having one mass-market vehicle We then look at the electrolytes This is where WMG’s work in control out there – the Nissan Leaf – to having and the materials therein to give the systems plays an important role. It is multiple manufacturers either with battery best voltage and life,” continues particularly significant in the context of products in or close to the market. Greenwood. “Since the move to EVs hybrid vehicles where a powertrain There are very few if any manufacturers has begun to happen more quickly than encompasses multiple energy sources. who don’t have any sort of EV out there people anticipated we have gone from “We look at control software that is – and that has enthused demand.”

Battery research in the Energy Innovation Centre, WMG, University of Warwick

Market sectors represented:

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1923 ALLEN17 Full Page Enterprising Energy Advert.indd 1 22/07/2016 15:41 Showcase your energy solutions at the UK’s largest renewable energy and sustainability event 10-11 May 2017, SECC Glasgow • Meet face to face with the largest group of buyers in renewables • Develop business with 7,000+ visitors • Join 400+ leading suppliers & build your sales pipeline • Make valuable contacts at sector-specific free networking events Contact the Sales Team today to secure your preferred stand location. +44 (0)20 8439 5560 [email protected]

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1923 ALLEN17 Full Page Enterprising Energy Advert.indd 1 22/07/2016 15:41 TECHNOLOGY

Driving ambition

Qualcomm’s Simon Arbuthnot tells Dave March how the technology company is leading the development of wireless electric vehicle charging and next-generation vehicle connectivity

Simon Arbuthnot driver’s perspective, operation could putting wireless charging on an SUV you not be much more straightforward. would really struggle with a circular coil, You simply need to park your car over but with a Double-D it’s no problem the base pad on your drive or in your at all.” garage (pinpoint accuracy isn’t required The Qualcomm development team, as there is around a 15cm tolerance based at the company’s Munich Test in lining up the pads) and charging Centre, is working on 7.4 kW and commences. The system will alert you 11 kW versions of its WEVC system if there are any obstructions – such as and is beginning to look at higher loose pieces of metal or even a pet – power levels of 22 kW and beyond. and will prevent charging until they are Arbuthnot adds that charging speeds safely removed from the vicinity. When achieved by Qualcomm Halo are you return to your vehicle the next comparable with conductive charging morning, it is full-charged and ready systems. “There is a myth that wireless s a world leader in to drive. charging is slower and less efficient,” telecommunications equipment Simon Arbuthnot, senior director he adds. “Actually, charging rates are in Aand wireless technology, for business development, Qualcomm line with what OEMs can offer on the nearly 30 years Qualcomm has driven Europe Inc., explains that the key conductive side. We look to an end- the evolution of digital communications. differentiating factor between to-end efficiency from grid to battery The company is also at the forefront Qualcomm Halo technology and of 92 per cent, the same as what you of exciting developments in the low competing wireless charging systems expect when plugging in.” carbon mobility world, pioneering both lies in advanced magnetics. “We have From a user experience point of wireless inductive charging and 5G multi-coil or Double-D magnetics,” view, the major advantage of wireless ‘vehicle-to-everything’ connectivity. he says. “Imagine a figure of eight as charging is ease-of-use. “If you’ve got a Qualcomm entered the inductive opposed to the conventional circular wireless capable vehicle, you drive into charging space with the acquisition coil. The advantage of this arrangement your driveway and park over a pad, you of Halo, a company spun-out from is that you can make the charging pads switch off and in the time it takes you the University of Auckland that had 40 to 50 per cent smaller than a circular to unbuckle your seatbelt and step out developed a wireless electric vehicle coil system of similar power capacity. of the car you are already charging,” (WEVC) charging concept. The You are also able to throw the magnetic adds Arbuthnot. “Next morning, you business has continued to develop the field much higher. If you are looking at jump in the car and off you go rather

Renault Zoe on Qualcomm Halo™ technology and now than having to unplug the cable, wind charge works closely with automotive OEMs it up, put it in the boot, wash your to promote future compatibility for its hands if the cable is dirty, and then get charging system. into the car. In that scenario it is the The fundamental principle of the seamlessness of the experience that is Qualcomm Halo WEVC technology is attractive.” the use of resonant magnetic induction Arbuthnot anticipates that series to transfer energy between a ground- production of charging units will begin based pad and a charging pad on an in 2018. And the company has already electric or hybrid vehicle. From a agreed licenses with two of Europe’s

48 ISSUE 67 ENERGY ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY

QCH Car Charging Elements

Charge pad

largest infrastructure manufacturers, 5G will enable vehicles to autonomous vehicles, such as the Chargemaster and the Portugal-based communicate in real time with other Living Lab project at Greenwich Efacec. “We see [the technology] vehicles, infrastructure, and the road University,” he says. “As with wireless following the route taken by conductive environment which is likely to have charging, in automotive terms this charging,” he comments. “That is huge potential significance for safety is imminent if you consider that the initially looking at charging in the home, management, traffic efficiency and automotive industry runs on seven then moving to the semi-public sphere situational awareness. year product cycles.” (workplace charging, retail outlets, Arbuthnot argues that predicting Arbuthnot highlights that WEVC hotels and so forth) before entering the an exact timeline for the mainstream is an obvious solution for charging fully public sphere.” acceptance of autonomous vehicles autonomous vehicles also, meaning The ultimate goal for Qualcomm is difficult, but asserts that autonomy that charging and driving could be Halo is the deployment of on- is a focus for almost every major completed all on the driver’s behalf. highway wireless charging that would automotive manufacturer. “In the UK allow electric vehicles to recharge we are seeing trials starting around www.qualcomm.com whilst driving. Making such on-the- BMW i8 Safety Car move charging feasible demands certain developments in vehicle communications and this is another area in which Qualcomm is leading innovation. Qualcomm, building on its experience in 3G and 4G communications, is pioneering 5G technology. Such next generation connectivity (driven by the Qualcomm Snapdragon X16 LTE modem) will empower ‘vehicle-to-everything’ (V2X) communication. V2X will not only be a significant factor in the potential roll out of on-highway charging, but will also be a major catalyst in the development of autonomous and driverless vehicles.

ENERGY ENGINEERING ISSUE 67 49 RESEARCH

Connectivity and customers

Rebecca Tommey on a project which is uniquely aimed at understanding the impact of CAVs on an ageing population in supporting their mobility and facilitating greater independence

Rebecca Tommey CAVs offer a global market their mobility and facilitating greater opportunity which is recognised independence. FLOURISH will also by the UK government. In Autumn seek to better understand how 2015, the government announced CAVs can support the global goals a £100m Intelligent Mobility fund of reducing vehicle emissions and for collaborative research and improving air quality. development (R&D) projects To truly empower individuals, including research into CAVs over there are three key areas that must the next five years. In 2015/2016 be addressed: the Centre for Connected and Customer needs & experience: Autonomous Vehicles via Innovate understanding the customer’s UK invested £20m in 21 R&D requirements and their experience projects and feasibility studies of using technology,will shape the including FLOURISH. products and services that are ntelligent Mobility is a new way of FLOURISH is a three year £5.5m developed. FLOURISH is focusing thinking about how to effectively R&D project which started in June on older adults and those with I use data and technology to 2016. Based in Bristol and the assisted living needs as this user connect people, places and goods South Gloucestershire region, the group covers a diverse sector of across all transport modes. This project comprises of 14 partners society with a range of needs and is essentially focused on utilising which range from academic experts requirements. Within the consortium technology and data to enable users and councils to Small and Medium FLOURISH will draw on partners to make more informed decisions Enterprises & large organisations. with leading knowledge of older thus influencing behavioural change. FLOURISH is about empowerment adults and assisted living needs and Research by Transport System and based on two thematic undertake real world testing to gain Catapult suggests the global market areas; connectivity and customer insight into challenges for adoption of Intelligent Mobility will be worth interaction. It focuses on developing and requirements for successful around £900bn per year by 2025, the systems ensuring they meet implementation. FLOURISH will indicating rapid growth is expected in the expectation of the user as develop a standardised approach this area over the next 9 years. well as setting standards for CAV to capture and aggregate different Connected and Autonomous product and services of the future. customer needs in order to map vehicles (CAVs) are just one stream The project is uniquely aimed at them to particular desired outcomes, within the wider realm of Intelligent understanding the impact of CAVs on products and services, resulting Mobility. an ageing population in supporting in methodological framework for

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ensuring that customers’ needs are effective and safe operation of CAVs. examine the insurance and legal addressed. FLOURISH will use the learning from requirements associated with the other markets in conjunction with the cyber-production of data produced The role of data: latest deep-learning neutral network and consumed in a CAV environment. CAVs will generate significant volumes technologies to ensure CAVs are able to CAVs are no longer a question of of data which need to be managed accurately control the data processing. if but a question of when. As seen in effectively to ensure the right data is other industries in order for a disruptive being transferred to the correct party, Security and trustworthy technology to be implemented for example some of the data will be communications: effectively, end users need to be involved valuable for the vehicles operation CAVs must be safe and secure by in the design process. CAVs will bring whereas other datasets will be essential design. At present there are no significant benefits to society from a for the customer or third parties such as standardised tests or defined suite reduction in congestion,emissions and the urban traffic management control. of tests to show the development social exclusion to increased safety and Data will not only be generated by the and deployment of CAV products accessibility. In August 2016 CCAV vehicle but also by the infrastructure, are safe and secure. It is important announced a further £30m investment in sensors and users . By developing this is addressed and FLOURISH will CAV projects which emphasises the fact cutting edge data analytics and draw on the existing expertise of the that the UK wants to be at the forefront processing engine, the FLOURISH consortium in areas of verification of CAV development and deployment project will be able to collect large and validation of complex systems and reinforces the support government volumes of data and process it in real to develop these tests. This will are providing to industry and academics time into clear actionable tasks for the enable CAV developers to validate to tackle the challenges of mass CAV vehicle and value outputs for users and their products and systems against development and deployment. third parties. the defined standards to provide This data will be aggregated to ensure confidence. This process will also www.atkinsglobal.com

ENERGY ENGINEERING ISSUE 67 51 INNOVATION

State of the art An update on the latest innovation and technology developments from Schaeffler

the volume production launch of the new system.

The German Innovation Award In April 2016, Schaeffler was presented with the 2016 German Innovation Award in the ‘large companies’ category for the eARC system. The Award, which was established in 2010 by Accenture, EnBW, Evonik and WirtschaftsWoche magazine, recognises outstanding, trend-setting innovations by German companies whose innovative capacity changes business and markets. The group is in under the auspices of the German Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy. The eARC system from Schaeffler wins torque sensor. The control motor with its German Innovation Award is organised by German Innovation Award high-ratio, three-stage planetary gearbox the Handelsblatt publishing group. Schaeffler’s electromechanical active roll twists the two halves of the roll control in control (eARC) system has opened up a opposite directions to produce a torque Electromechanical camshaft new chapter in chassis technology. This that has a stabilising effect on the vehicle phasing unit award-winning technology adjusts the body. The torque is measured precisely Another energy-efficient, fuel-saving chassis to any driving situation as quick using a non-contact torque sensor, innovation for passenger cars from as a flash and absorbs irregularities in the which regulates the actuator quickly Schaeffler is its electromechanical camshaft road, thus minimising the vehicle’s rolling and accurately. To increase comfort, phasing system. motions, particularly when cornering at the Schaeffler solution also includes an The use of electromechanical phasing high speeds. This increases comfort, safety innovative decoupling element made units rather than the current standard and dynamics. This innovation helps reduce from high-strength elastomer. Fast data hydraulic systems allows the camshaft fuel consumption and emissions compared transmission and a state-of-the-art to adjust more quickly and accurately to to traditional hydraulic systems, as well software architecture also allow the prevailing engine operating conditions. as simplifying assembly in automotive system to be used in networked driving This reduces fuel consumption and production plants. applications. harmful emissions, while simultaneously The first large-scale application for Unlike hydraulic systems, eARC only increasing driver comfort during stop/start the electromechanical active roll control uses electric power on an as-needed basis operations. system was in a luxury class sedan and (“power on demand”). One of the key The last few years have seen a boom in in the powerful, dynamic luxury SUV factors here is the electric motor, which camshaft phasing systems, which control class. The latter even included a 48-volt only consumes power when the swivel timing of the opening and closing of engine electrical system. actuator twists and builds up torque. valves. This enables optimum phasing of Only a relatively low electrical loss of the cylinder intake/exhaust cycle, with Technical details resistance has to be compensated for in engine speed and torque demands. Schaeffler’s eARC system consists of a order to maintain the force (moment). Previously used only in high performance gearbox and a control motor with an Schaeffler has installed two state-of-the-art engines, variable opening and closing of electronic system as well as an integrated production lines at its Schweinfurt site for inlet valves is now standard technology in

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are correctly adjusted, the result is smooth engine start up. In design terms, Schaeffler offers a very compact solution consisting of a brushless DC motor and a high reduction ratio gear unit. The gear unit is based on a flexible toothed belt with an oval rolling bearing. versatile valve trains,” said Scheidt. “Strict

This transfers the engine speed at a ratio CO2 regulations mean that more and modern petrol engines. Camshaft phasing of approximately 70:1. “We therefore more automotive manufacturers are using systems are now also being used more achieve a very good balance between the cylinder deactivation systems.” In order frequently on the outlet side too, including size of the electric motor and the phasing to meet the demands from different some of the latest diesel engines. Until speed. Our gear units also operate customers, Schaeffler is developing a now, almost all camshaft phasing units completely silently,” explained Martin range of technologies from switchable have used hydraulic systems. Scheidt, Engine Systems Development roller finger followers, to the fully variable Manager at Schaeffler. electrohydraulic “UniAir” system, which Faster and more precise Due to its compact design, the allows stepless variation of valve lift. Electromechanics makes it possible to electromechanical camshaft phasing unit phase the camshaft at speeds up to 600 occupies the same design envelope as E-Clutch cuts fuel consumption by crank angle degrees per second. Hydraulic a hydraulic system. The electric motor up to 8% systems operate two to ten times more also contributes to the phasing accuracy, Schaeffler has also developed an slowly, irrespective of the engine speed as it serves as both an actuator and intelligent, automatic clutch solution for and temperature. The increased dynamics a sensor. In addition to the position previously purely mechanical or hydraulic of electromechanical phasing units enable recognition already in use with hydraulic clutch systems. Depending on the very fast reaction times to changes in systems, usually four times per camshaft development stage, the E-Clutch system load, even at low engine speeds, including rotation, in the electrical system, rotor either operates the clutch only under when the driver suddenly pushes down position is checked continuously by specific driving situations, or completely on the accelerator pedal while the engine integral sensors and assessed by an automates all clutch operations. This is overrunning. Unlike hydraulic systems, electronic control system. The precise enables fuel saving driving strategies, from the reaction speed to a change in load is position of the camshaft is therefore “sailing” to electrically supported driving, not dependent on the oil supply. In some always known. Schaeffler developed the to be integrated into vehicles with manual cases, it is no longer necessary to have a DC motor in house. transmissions. larger engine oil pump, which results in Up until now, this has been possible reduced fuel consumption. Versatility in volume production only in combination with automatic Also, starting and stopping the engine is For the first time, the electromechanical transmissions. The E-Clutch is therefore a much smoother with electromechanical camshaft phasing unit from Schaeffler significant step forward in the market. This camshaft phasing units. This is important is about to be volume produced for a type of transmission is far and away the not only for stop/start operations but also series of Japanese engines. At the same most commonly used in many growing for hybrid vehicles. It is possible to start time, Schaeffler is also making further economies as well as in the lower and an internal combustion engine without improvements to the hydraulic phasing middle market segments in the European any noticeable ‘judder’ because, up to units currently in extensive use in the market. Today, approximately 50 per cent 200rpm, the engine runs with reduced market. With an annual production of 15 of all vehicles have a manual transmission, compression because the camshaft can be million camshaft phasing units, Schaeffler is even as global production continues to positioned as required before the engine one of the leading suppliers in this field. increase. starts. During acceleration, valve control The trend is towards a central valve The E-Clutch system from Schaeffler times are synchronised with fuel injection phasing system that can reach higher not only opens up new prospects so that a soft onset of compression phasing speeds using less oil. “Overall, for manual transmissions, but this occurs; when compression and ignition we can see a clear trend towards highly configuration also provides a way into new markets and market segments for hybrid transmissions.

www.schaeffler.co.uk

ENERGY ENGINEERING ISSUE 67 53 MEGAWATCH OFFSHORE WIND CONFERENCE, Even in the city you can have EXHIBITION & DINNER your own green haven 23 & 24 JANUARY 2017 GLASGOW

grew out of the planning constraints of the site; the planted green walls are Join the Scottish Renewables Offshore Wind Conference, intended to blend into the surrounding tree cover, alongside large glazed Exhibition & Dinner 2017, delivered in association with windows which encase a central internal courtyard. As the project was a new the Offshore Renewable Energy Catapult, to explore the build, Ground Sun was able to liaise closely with the architect and ensure latest innovations in the industry and meet key players that the installation fitted in conveniently from across the UK - the world’s number one offshore with the build programme. Despite its size, the house was wind market. designed with as small a carbon footprint as possible, being highly insulated and predominantly of timber n 2015 Jason Harris, Director of Renewable Heat Incentive (RHI), construction. The property has East London based architectural earning regular quarterly payments from underfloor heating installed throughout, • What are the innovations • What are the offshore Ipractice, T-Space, designed and built the Government for seven years to laid under polished concrete floors to an ultra-modern, eco-friendly home. more than offset the cost of the initial provide thermal mass and an efficient accelerating technology wind technologies of He wanted the 550m² house to be as investment. way of emitting heat which works self-sufficient as possible and was keen The heat pump is installed in a very well with the ground source heat development? the future? to install a renewable heating system basement plant room. Smart energy pump. Solar thermal technology will rather than using the gas network. meters complement the system and provide additional hot water capacity; a He approached Kensa partner controls are kept to a minimum, heat recovery unit provides a whole- • How can innovations in • How can innovations in installer Ground Sun who suggested consisting of a time clock and just four house ventilation system and low O&M help reduce costs? planning and consenting that a ground source heat pump would thermostat zones. It was felt preferable energy consumption LED lighting and provide a sustainable and efficient that the heat pump be allowed to run appliances combine to give this stunning increase certainty? source of heating and hot water. for longer periods at a lower level to property maximum energy efficiency. Ground Sun also advised that the achieve optimal efficiency, instead of Why attend? ground source heat pump installation cycling on and off with the demands of www.kensaheatpumps.com would be eligible for the Domestic multiple controls. The fine tuning and Scottish Renewables Offshore Wind Conference, Exhibition long term balancing for each room is done by hand at the manifold. & Dinner brings together the industry’s leading players to As the house is located in an urban discuss and debate the key issues facing the sector. part of East London land area was limited, and so it was determined that boreholes would be the most effective form of ground array. However, as IN ASSOCIATION WITH the site was accessible only via a very narrow lane, impassable by standard drilling rigs, Ground Sun utilised a radial drilling rig which could comfortably BOOK NOW cope with the restricted access. scottishrenewables.com MEDIA PARTNER The house has a unique design which @ScotRenew /scottishrenewables

54 ISSUE 67 ENERGY ENGINEERING OFFSHORE WIND CONFERENCE, EXHIBITION & DINNER 23 & 24 JANUARY 2017 GLASGOW

Join the Scottish Renewables Offshore Wind Conference, Exhibition & Dinner 2017, delivered in association with the Offshore Renewable Energy Catapult, to explore the latest innovations in the industry and meet key players from across the UK - the world’s number one offshore wind market.

• What are the innovations • What are the offshore accelerating technology wind technologies of development? the future? • How can innovations in • How can innovations in O&M help reduce costs? planning and consenting increase certainty? Why attend? Scottish Renewables Offshore Wind Conference, Exhibition & Dinner brings together the industry’s leading players to discuss and debate the key issues facing the sector.

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BOOK YOUR STAND Sharing Global TODAY Safety Excellence

Industry-Led, Industry-Driven

1st International Renewable Energy Health & Safety Conference

– Latest technical H&S innovations – Network with the global H&S supply chain – Boutique exhibition – limited spaces available (sold out in 2016) – H&S Awards – rewarding innovation, performance and risk reduction

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