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APRIL 1979 VOLUME 7 - NUMBER 2

A PU3LICATION OF THE DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES WASHINGTON GEOWGIC NEWSLETTER

SUMMER FALLS

Summer Falls occupies an old scabland channel that runs from the Coulee City area to the Crab Creek channel at Stratford. The channel was originally cut when the Grand Coulee and Lower Coulees were forming. As the water spread out at the mouth of Grand Coulee, part of ~r--.,_it went over Dry Falls and 1 part of it developed other i channels. Summer Falls is one of those other chan- ~- nels. The falls is about 90 feet high and developed ' 1---1--1~:,...,...... -:-~=:....:.::+...:•'--10riginally where melt water plunged over the south flank of the Soap Lake anticline. The falls is only active dur- ing the summer when water is being withdrawn from Banks Lake for irrigation in the Columbia Basin . Part of the scab land channel is used as a canal.

BERT L .COLE COMMISSIONER OF PUBLIC LANDS

RALPH A. BESWICK. Supervisor VAUGHN E. LIVINGSTON,JR..State Geologist DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES DIVISION OF GEOLOGY AND EARTH RESOURCES

DE PARTMENT Of NATURAL RESO URC ES. DIVISION Of GEOLOGY AND EARTH RESOURCES. OLYMPIA. WASH INGTO N. 98504 • -.

LOCATION MAP : DIVISION OF GEOLOGY AND EARTH RESOURCES DEPT. SOCIAL AND HEALTH SERVICES

~ J ~~ ~ ~ _J ~ i 14th A>< N g 0:: ~ ~LOGY AND EARTH

TACOMA S~TILE-

IDEPT. HIGHWAYS CITY CENTER FREEWAY EXIT PORTLA~ STATE CAPITOL EXIT

Mailing address: Deportment of Natural Resources Division of Geology and Earth Resources Olympia, WA 98504 (206) 753-6183

Vaughn E. (Ted ) Livingston, Jr., Supervisor

J . Eric Schuster, Assistant Supervisor Donald M. Ford, Assistant Supe rvisor

Minerals and energy Land use­ Regulatory geologists Publications geologists Librarian functions

Wayne S. Moen Laura Bray Gero Id W. Thorsen Connie Manson Surface Mined Land Weldon W. Rau Keith Ikerd Kurt L. Othberg Reclamation Act Secretori es Carl McFarland Gibb Johnson Allen J. Fiksdol Oi I and Gas Conservation Ellis R. Vonheeder Wanda Walker .James G. Rigby Pamela Whitlock Act Charles W. Walker Glennda B. Mclucas Patricio Ames Laboratory Clint Milne Pamela Palmer Kim Summers Geothermal Resources Mike Korosec Arnold W. Bowman Keith L. Stoffel Ayuni Wimpee Act ·-

STRATIGRAPHY OF PRE-FRASER QUATERNARY SEDIMENTS APPLIED TO THE EVALUATION OF A PROPOSED MAJOR TECTONIC STRUCTURE IN I S LA ND CO U N TY , WA SH I N GT O N.

By Keith Stoffel

INTRODUCTION (10,000 to 20,000 years 8. P.) (fig . 1). This suggests that evidence of any surface ground breakage that may Puget Sound is a seismically active area. have occurred prior to the Fraser Glaciation has been In the last 40 years, four damaging earthquakes obliterated by the glacier or covered by its deposits. (magnitude 5.8 - 7.1) have shaken the lowland . Geologic mapping of Quaternary deposits These four quakes, plus scores of smaller ones, has been in progress for over 15 years, end mops exist have raised interest in Puget Sound tectonics (loca­ tion and history of movement of faults). Numerous people ore presently involved in geologic projects GEOLOGIC ROCK to better delineate the tectonic structures proposed CLIMATE STRATIGRAPHIC UNITS UNITS by previous workers. Ultimately, the verification ond accurate location of these structures could Numerous Fraser Fraser glacial and have a beneficial effect on the land use planning Glaciation olaciamarine of the Puget Lowland. Pinpointing of these struc­ sedimentary unt1s tures will lead to further studies con-cerning pos­ -a .&!u 0 .g a. Olympia Unnamed sible tectonically induced landsliding, liquefac­ .. l,J 0. lnterglaclatlon nonglaclal sediments w tion, alteration of ground water flow patterns, and >- z Ir w < tJ sea level changes within Puget Sound, and num­ z 0 Ir I- l,J U) Possession Possession erous other effects of seismic activity upon the ~ w ::, ...J Glaclatlon Drift land. 0 0.. Although the Puget Lowland is a tectonically active region, few instances of surface ground break­ Whidbey Whldbey age by fau Its are known. Reasons for the lack of rec­ Interolaciatl<>11 Formation ognizable faults may be that (1) earthquake foci ore usually rather deep in the Puget Lowland, (2) the Double Bluff Double Bluff Puget Lowland is largely covered by a thick mantle Glaciation Drift of Quaternary sediments that may absorb movement along faults before such movement reaches the sur­ face, or (3) most of the lowland is covered by drift FIGURE] .-Pleistocene stratigraphic sequence in ls.land County, Washington (after Easterbrook, deposited during the latest, the Fraser, glaciation 1968). for most of the Puget lowland. The general absence and since they vary in thickness from zero on upthrown of identified fau Its in the area suggests that future blocks to 3,600 feet on down-thrown blocks, the efforts to document faulting through careful mopping basins in which the sediments were deposited must of Fraser Glaciation deposits wil I have a low prob­ have been subsiding at the time of deposition. ability of success. When considered over a longer period of Although efforts to locate faults at the earth's time, rela tive displacements between Puget Lowland surface have been largely unsuccessfu I, there is crustal blocks may be very large. For example, be­ evidence that differential crustal movements hove tween the Seattle low and south Kitsap high, one occurred in the Puget Lowland, and that such move­ interpretation of gravity and magnetic data suggests ments may have continued well into the Quaternary. relative subsidence of the Seattle low of as much as Rogers (1970) interpreted gravity and magnetic dato ten kilometers since the Oligocene (Othberg and to show the existence of five major structural blocks Dones, 1975). in the southern port of the Puget Lowland. He called these, from south to north, the Tacoma low, south Kitsap high, Seattle low, Port Gamble-Cathcart high, and Marysville low (fig. 2). Rogers interprets these structural units as relatively uplifted and depressed crustal blocks that are bounded either by faults of considerable vertical displacement or by monoclinol folds with steep flexures. later investigators (personal communications: D. 8. Braislin, 1973, D. D. Hastings, 1973, and H. D. Gower, 1978) have incorporated additional data, including seismic reflection, and have some­ what modified the interpretations of Rogers and other earlier investigators (Stuart, 1961; Danes and others, 1965). However, their data continue to support the concept of elevated and depressed structural blocks separated by faults (or possibly monoclinal folds), with major vertica l displacements. Although these inferred structures are not clearly relotoble to present seismic activity (Crosson, 1974, 1975; Crosson and Millard, 1975; Crosson and Nason, 1978a, 1978b), the structures have probably been active well into the Quaternary. This is sug­ gested by the difference in thickness of unconsolidated 0 10 MILES sediments, which conforms in a general way to the u tnterpreted tool! or sleep monocllnal flexure inferred pattern of uplifted and down-dropped struc­ D tural blocks (Hall and Othberg, 1974). The uplifted blocks hove a thinner cover of unconsolidated sedi­ FIGURE 2.-Map of Puget Sound region showing the ments than the down-dropped blocks. Since some, locations of structural blocks suggested by Rogers and perhaps most, of these sediments are Quaternary, (1970).

2 PRESENT INVESTIGATION 3. Division geologists, who have been map­ ping Island County since 1974, are familiar with the Since detailed mapping of Fraser Glodation local geology. deposits has led to the discovery of very few faults, 4. A few outcrops of the Whidbey Formation older Quaternary (pre-Fraser) deposits must now be on Whidbey Island are known to be faulted or folded examined for evidence of Quaternary fault activity. although the cause of the deformation is unknown. If pre- Fraser deposits con be correlated so that thin sedimentary units of the same age con be identified at several localities, then an estimate of the relative uplift (if any) between the correlated sections can be made. After considering all of the pre-Fraser strati­ graphic units present in the area, the Whidbey Forma­ tion (fig . l) was chosen for study because it is the youngest extensive nonglacial unit of pre-Fraser age. Also, since Whidbey sediments ore presumed to have been deposited in a floodplain environment (Easter­ brook, 1968), sediments of equivalent age should have been deposited at nearly the same elevation (elevation differences affected on ly by the stream gradient). Ap­ parent relative offsets among correlative stratigraphic 0 10 MILES units may then be attributed to tectonics and(or) to gradient-elevation changes in the river system that • Sections to be s1udled deposited the sediments. FIGURE 3.-lndex map of southern Whidbey Island, Land use geologists in the Division of Geol­ showing locations of sections. ogy and Earth Resources, with the aid of a grant from the U.S. Geological Survey Notional Earthquake Difficulties Ant i cipated Hazards Reduction Program, ore measuring and de­ scribing the sections of pre-Fraser deposits on Wh id bey Lithologic similarity and complex strati­ Island, Island County, Washington (fig. 3). Whidbey graphic relationships combine to complicate the iden­ Island was selected as the study area for the following tification of, and distinction between, stratigraphic reasons: units. Fol lowing are some of the difficulties antici­ 1. Most earlier investigators have suggested pated during mapping: a major foult(s) cutting through the island somewhere 1. Previous workers have identified the between Double Bluff and Loke Hancock (fig. 3). presence of an unconformity at the top of the Whidbey This structure separates the Port Gamble-Cathcart Formation (Easterbrook, 1968). If the amount of sec­ high from the Marysville low of Rogers (1970). tion removed by erosion differs from place to place, 2. The Wh id bey Formation, the major pre­ then outcrops on sea cliffs in different areas wi II ex­ Fraser nonglaciol unit found in the sea cliffs of the pose different stratigraphic segments of the Whidbey northern Puget Lowland, is well exposed at its type and correlation will be more difficult. locality near Double Bluff (Easterbrook, 1968) and 2. If the Whidbey was deposited by streams fairly well exposed at several other localities on with o significant gradient, the present elevation of Wh idbey Island. a measured section may depend not only on tectonic 3 -.

activity, but a lso on distance from the mouth of the depositing stream. However, if considerable tectoni­ cally produced e levation changes occurred, the rela­ Mineralogical, physical property, and age­ tively minor elevation differences due to pa leo­ doting laboratory analyses ore present ly being run on gradients would be overshadowed. samples from the Whidbey Formation. Upon comple­ 3. If the Whidbey Formation does not con­ tion correlations will be made between the various tain distinctive sedimentary units or sequences of measured sections. The elevations of correlated units units, correlat ion may not be possible. will then be compared with patterns of known defor­ 4. If foci es changes occur in covered areas mation, a depositional environment model, and with between measured sections, correlation will be current tectonic hypotheses. This will help to iden­ comp I icoted. tify possible tectonic offset.

REFERENCES CI TED

Crosson, R. S. , 1972, Small earthquakes, structure, and tectonics of the Puget Sound region: Seismo­ logical Society of America Bu lletin, v. 62, no. 5, p. 1133-1171. Crosson, R. S. , 1974, Compilation of earthquake hypocenters in western Washington July 1970 - Dec. 1972: Washington Division of Geology and Earth Resources Information Circular 53, 25 p. Crosson, R. S., 1975, Campi lotion of earthquake hypocenters in western Washington - 1973: Washington Division of Geology and Earth Resources Information Circular 55, 14 p. Crosson, R. S. ; Mi llard, R. C., 1975, Compilation of earthquake hypocenters in western Wash ington - 1974: Washington Division of Geology and Earth Resources Information Circular 56, 14 p. Crosson, R. S.; Nason, Linda, 1978a, Compi lation of earthguake hypocenters in western Washington - 1975: Washington Division of Geology and Earth Resources Information Circular 64, 12 p. Crosson, R. S. ; Nason, Linda, 1978b, Compi lation of earthquake hypacenters in western Wash ington - 1976: Washington Division of Geology and Earth Resources Information Circular 65, 13 p. Danes, Z. F.; and others, 1965, Geophysical investigation of the southern Puget Sound area: Journal of Geophysical Research ,- vol. 70, no. 22, p. 5573-5580. Easterbrook, D. J., 1968, Pleistocene stratigraphy of Island County; Wash ington Department of Water Resources Water Supply Bu lletin 25, Port I, 317 p. Hall, J. B.; Othberg, K. L., 1974, Thickness of unconsolidated sediments, Puget Lowland, Wa shington: Washington Division of Geology and Earth Resources Geologic Mop GM-12, scale 1 :250,000, map accompanied by 3 pages of text. Othberg, K. L.; Danes, Z. F., 1975, Delimitation of a buried structure across the Puget Lowland, Washington: Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Programs, v. 7, no . 3, Morch 25- 27, 1975, p. 360, Rasmussen, Norman, 1967, Washington State earthquakes 1840 th rough 1965: Seismological Society of America Bulletin, v. 57, no . 3, p. 463-476. Rogers, W. P., 1970, A geological and geophysical study of the central Puget Sound Lowland: University of Washington Ph.D. thesis, 123 p. Stuart, D. J ., 1961, Gravity shJdy of crustal structure in western Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Poper 424-C, p.------C273-C276. 4 UNDERGROUND COAL GASIFICATION IN commercialized. WASHINGTON Edward Burwell and Cyril Draffin, from the U.S. Department of Energy in Washington, D.C., By El I is Vonheeder Wi lliam Noll, Coal Gasification Project Manager The feasibility of gasifying cool in place in from DOE's Denver Operations Office, and Lewis steeply dipping seams, or from seams where the cool Bartel, of Sandia Laboratories in Albuquerque, New is too deep to recover by conventional mining methods, Mexico, presented details of the program and em­ was the topic of discussion on Morch 8th in Olympia. phasized the need for full cooperation between federal, Government energy representatives who at­ state, and i ndustriol representatives. Underscoring tended the meeting were from the Govemor's Office, the need for cooperation is the fact that there ore only the State Energy Office, the Deportment of Natural 14 months in which to undertake and accomplish pre­ Resources, and the U.S. Deportment of Energy. liminary investigations, to survey potential sites, to Industry hod representatives from New Mex.­ select and characterize a site, and to define and de­ ico, Oregon, Colorado, Pennsylvania, and Washing­ sign on Underground Cool Gosifi cation (UCG) ex­ ton. They included the fol lowing: Washington PUD periment to fit the se lected site. association, Burlington Northern, Snohomish County Phase 1, pre I iminory investigations, includes PUD, Seattle City Light, Bonneville Power Adminis­ o gos market analysis, procurement of the various tration, Puget Power, Port land General Electric, environmental permits, and a survey and collection Washington Public Power Supply System, Associated of literature. The lotter will be conducted by Resources Analysts, Pacific Power & Light, and the the author, and Lew Bartel of Sandia Lobs in Albu­ Gulf Resource and Development Co. querque. Phase 2, site selection, will be accom­ At the meeting, plans for in-situ gasification plished by mid-June, 1979. Site characterization, research in Washington State were considered . Funds the third phase, w i II emphasize environmento I, as for such research were made available during the well as geologic aspects, and will include drilling Second Session of the 95th Congress. The $800,000 and geophysical, hydrologic, and subsidence studies. designated for research projects in Washington is o Phase 4, the design stage, wi ll be accomplished by part of the $2,500,000 funding allowed for in-situ August or September of 1980. The next step in the gasification projects in the nation, program will be o small-scale field test. If successful, In oddition to the planned Washington State fo llow-on larger scale field tests wou ld be undertaken. demonstration, four other projects ore underway in A UCG pilot plant would be the last step before the Wyoming and Texas. None of the projects have been process becomes commerc io I in th is state.

DIVISION OPEN-FILE REPORTS The Chumstick and Wenatchee formotions­ NOW AVAILABLE fluviol and lacustrine rocks of Eocene The following reports have recently been and Oligocene age in the Chiwaukum added to our Division library: groben, Washington, by Rondo II L. Cool mining history of Pierce County, Wash­ Gresens, Chaties W. Neeser, and John ington, 1860-1962, by Joseph Daniels. T. Whetten, University of Washington. Open-File Report OF 79-1, 161 p. Open-Fi le Report, 42 p.

5 RECENT USGS OPEN-FILE REPORTS ADDED Geological Survey Open-File Report TO OUR DIVISION LIBRARY 78-889, 1:1,000,000.

Evaluation and design of a streamflow-data The following reports are now available for network in Washington, by M. E. Moss inspection in our division library: and W. L. Haushild. U.S. Geological

Aeromognetic map of Pendleton and vicinity, Survey Open-Fi le Report 78-167, l pl., Oregon and Washington. U.S. Geologi­ 43 p. ca I Survey Open- Fi Ie Report 79-278, scale 1: 125,000. GEOLOGIC RESEARCH PROJECTS

Communicating earthquake hazard reduction Geologic research projects in Washington information: National Earthquake Haz­ State now in progress at our colleges and universities ards Reduction Program, Conference V, ore listed below: May 22-24, 1978, Proceedings. U.S. Geological Survey, Office of Earthquake Green River Community Col l ege Studies, Open-File Report 78-933, 426 p. Foculty Research Project Methodology for identifying seismic gaps and Western extent of the Shuksan and Church Mountain soon-to-break gaps: National Earthquake thrusts in Whatcom, Skagit, and Snohomish Hazards Reduction Program, Conference Counties. G. M. Miller. VI, Moy 25-27, 1978, Proceedings. U. S. Geological Survey, Office of Earthquake North Seattle Community College Studies, Open-File Report 78-943, 924 p.

Quaternary geology of the northwestern Olympic Geologic map of the Cope Disappointment­ Peninsula. A. D. Horn. Naselle River area, Pacific County, Petroleum potential of Washington State. A. D. Horn Washington. U.S. Geological Survey and R. W. Windecker. Open-File Report 79-389, scale l :48~000.

Tectonic mop of the Puget Sound region, Eastern Washington University Washington, showing locations of faults, principal folds, and large-scale Qua­ Faculty Research Projects ternary deformation, by H. D. Gower. Behavior of major and trace e lements in metamorphic U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-426, l pl., 21 p. rocks at the contacts of igneous intrusions. Mohammed lkramuddin . Columbia Glacier progress report-December Geochemistry of granitic rocks of northeastern Wash­ 1977, by M. F. Meier, A. Post, C. S. ington. Mohammed lkromuddin. Brown, F. David, et al. U.S. Geological Permian bryozoans of the carbonate units of the Survey Open-File Report 78-264, 56 p. Mission Argillite, northeastern Washington. Map of Washington RARE II mineral resource Emest H. Gilmour. potential, by K. F. Fox, Jr., T. H. Fumarole and geothermal ice cave monitoring, Mounts Ki lsgoord and A. E. Weissenborn. U.S. Rainier and Baker . Eugene P. Kiver.

6 Quaternary geology of the northeastern Columbia and its relation to uranium mineralization. plateau. Eugene P. Kiver. Roy Bongiovanni. Compilation of computer dote base of whole- rock Geologic hazards in the Spokane quadrangle. chemical analyses of igneous rocks from Tom Davis. Washington. Felix E. Mutschler. Patterned ground in the Spokane area. Lee Tally!'\. Major e lement chemistry of ''porphyry" molybdenum, Polynology of the Badger Lake area, Washington. tin-tungsten systems. Felix E. Mutschler. Rudy Ni ckmann . Geologic map of lchelium quadrangle, Washington. Geology of Turnbull National Wildlike Refuge, James R. Snook . Cheney. Christopher E. Sheldon. The occurrence of olivine nodule-bearing olkalic Chemistry of the Loon Lake batholith. Walter Nijok. basalts in northern Washington and southern Genesis of uranium ore deposits at the Gillis lease, British Columbia. William L. Wilkerson Spokane Indian Reservation. Lee C. Nesbit. and Harold Lucas (student). Prospecting for magmatic and hydrothermal deposits The mineralogy and petrography of olivine nodule­ of uranium and associated elements by bearing basalts in northern Washington and computer evaluation of the chemistry and southern British Columbia . William L. petrogenesis of igneous source rocks. Wilkerson and Harold Lucas (student). Dennis D. Finn. Chemical classification of granitic rocks. Granites as po leo-stress gauges. James S. Johnston. Student Research Projects University of Washington The relationship between fluorine and uranium in rocks from northeastern Washington . Faculty Research Projects Robert K. Pernsteiner. Geochemistry of metapelites and colc-silicate horn­ Structural and petrologic evolution of the San Juon felses associated with uranium mineraliza­ Island and adjacent areas. Darrel S. Cowan tion at Midnite Mine, northeastern Wash­ and John T. Whetten. ington. Gin Chau. Structure, stratigraphy, and sedimentalogy of the Petrology of porphyry molybdenum systems. Chiwaukum graben. Jahn T. Whetten. Ernest G . Wright. Origin of chaotic rocks in the Sah Juan Is lands. Geochemistry of the Loon Lake quartz monzonite and Darrel S. Cowan. its relation to uranium mineralization at Stratigraphy, metamorphism, and tectonic evolution the Midnite Mine, northeastern Washington. of the San Juan Islands. Joseph A. Vance. Kirk P. Kinart. Tertiary stratigraphy and structure of the area between Geochemistry of granitic rocks from Newport quad­ Dorrington and Skykomish. Joseph A. Yonce. rangle, northeastern Washington. Fiss_ion track geochronology of the Tertiary volcanic Abebe Kassoye . rocks of the Washington Cascades and Oregon. Behavior of volatile elements in the rocks at the Joseph A. Vance. contact of some igneous intrusions of Chronology of neoglacial moraines at Mount Rainier. northeastern Washington and its relation Stephen C. Parter. to ore mineralization. Louis B. Schipper. Regional Cenozoic tectonic patterns and geologic Geochemistry of alaskite and quartz monzonite of hazards of the Skagit nuclear power site. Mount Spokane, northeastern Washington, Eric S. Cheney.

7 Stratigraphy and structure and ore deposits of the (the pre-Devonian basement of the north­ Okanogan Highlands. Eric S. Cheney . western Cascades). Peter Misch. Structure and origin of the Twin Sisters Dunite. Stratigraphy and structure of rocks in the Hoh River­ Nikolas I. Christensen. Clearwater River area, western Olympic Physical properties of Olympic Peninsula graywackes. Peninsula. Richard J. Stewart. Nikolos I. Christensen. Carbon-14 and corbon-1 3 analysis of Doug las Fir trees The origin of Washington State ophiolites. from western Washington as on indicator of Nikolas I. Christensen. carbon reservoir changes. Minze Stuiver. Gravity studies south and southwest of Mount Baker. Enrichment carbon-14 dating of late Quaternary Nikolas I. Christensen. glacial events, Olympic Peninsulo, Wash­ Review of geologic conditions at proposed nueleor ington. Minze Stuiver. plant sites in Washington. Sunspot activity as monitored by C-14 changes in Howard A. Coombs. Pacific Northwest trees. Minze Stu Iver. Petrology of ultramafic hornfelses, Icicle Creek, Stratigraphy <;ind structure of Mesozoic and Tertiary central Cascades. B. R. Frost. rocks of the western Cascades. Stratigraphy, structural geology, and regional inter­ John T. Whetten. pretation of the Wenatchee F-ormotion. Minor and trace element geochemistry of Mesozoic Randa II L. Gresens. oceanic volcanic and plutonic rocks in Morblemount 15' quad. Geology by Peter Misch northwestern Washington. 1949-1967. Peter Misch. In press. Joseph A. Vance. Mount Baker 15' quad., being compiled by Peter Geochemistry of the Easton blueschists and green­ Misch from 1949-1975 field data. schists. Joseph A. Vance. Mount Shuksan 15' quad., compilation under prepara­ Ecological distribution of dinoflagellates in Recent tion. Peter Misch. sediments of Puget Sound. Barbaro L. Metamorphic facies and petrogenesis of Shuksan Whitney. Greenschist. Peter Misch. Quaternary evolution of the Wi I Iopa Boy estuary. Petrology of Cascade River Schist and its associated Barbaro L. Whitney, V . Standish Mallory, metoplutonic rocks. Location: largely in and Sondra R. Leo. Marblemoont 15' quad . , but includes port Correlation of stratigraphic units of Washington and of Eldorado Peak, Cascade Pass and Sonny­ western Oregon. V. Standish Mo I1ory . boy Lakes 7!' quads. Peter Misch. Stratigraphy and paleontology of Lower Cretaceous Metasomatic progressive metamorphism of ultramafic sediments of the northern Methow Valley. rocks in Skagit Metamorphic Suite (Skagit Julian D. Barksda le and V. Standish Mallory. Gneiss and Cascade River Schist). Petrology and metamorphic history of the Chiwaukum Peter Misch. Sch 1st in the Stevens Pass area. Bernard W. Geology, geochemistry and origin of the Golden Horn Evans . botholith. With R. T. Stull. Includes parts K-Ar dating of Tertiary igneous rocks of the Wenatchee of Crater Mtn., Azurite Peak, Slate Peak, area. Randa 11 L. Gresens. Mount Arrive, Washington Pass, Silver Star Sources and fate of sediment from forested basins, Mountain, 71' quads., etc. Peter Misch. Olympic Mountains. Thomas Dunne and Outline of the petrology of the Yellow Aster Complex Leslie Reid.

8 Strotologic anoly;;is of the intra-Miocene Ochoco Graduate Program unconformity in Washington-Oregon. Bedrock geology of the northwest [port] of the Kochess Sandro Leo. Lake quadrangle, Washington. Fossil vertebrates from the Clarendonian and Hemp­ Jomes Ash Iemon • hil lion of northern Oregon and Washington. The poleoecology dnd biostrotigraphy of the Kulshan James Mortin. glociomorlne drift, northwestern Washington . The poleoecology of the upper Eocene Cowlitz For­ Maria A. Balzarini. mation and its associdted coalbeds, south­ Polynalogy of Davis Lake, lewis County, Washington. western Washington. Donn Joseph May. Small mammals and pollen of the Jeppson Stratigraphy and economic geology of Buckhorn Mammoth Site, Richland, Washington. Mountain, Okanogan County, Washington . Cathy Sarnosky. David D. McMi!len. Late Quaternary volcanic stratigraphy and concomi­ Structure and petrology of the Ingalls complex and tant volcanic hazards at Glacier Peak, associated pre-Tertiary rocks near Mount Washington. Interrelationships of late Stuart, central Cascades. Robert Miller. Fraser volcanic and glacial stratigraphy Geology and porphyry copper mineralization of the near Glacier Peak, Washington. Fawn Peak intrusive complex, Meth.ow Jomes Beget. Valley, Washington. Brock Riedell. The structural geology and petrology of pre-Tertiary Poleontology, paleoecology and biostratigrophy of rocks on southern San Juan Island in north­ the type Cowlitz Formation, southwestern western Washington. Mork T. Brandon. Washington . Jan (Joy) R. Yett. Holocene glacier fluctuations on Mount Rainier and Factors affecting the oxygen-18 composition of their correlations with climate. Douglas Fir tree rings from western Wash­ Doug Burbank. ington. Robert L. Burk. Volcanic and glacial stratigraphy of the Goat Rocks The structure and petrology of the Quartz Mountain area, central Cascade Mountains. area, Kittitas County, Washington. Geoffrey Clayton. Sherree A. Goetsch. Mechanics of river meanders, Sinlahekin River. Glacial and volcanic stratigraphy of the White Pass William Dietrich. region. Evaluation of the geotherrno I Hydrothermal cloy and thermal activity in source resource potential of the southern Cascade areas of debris avalanches at Mount Rainier Range, Washington. Geoffrey Clayton. and Mount Boker. David Frank. Pol len analysis of Quaternary sediments from two Washington State University lakes in the southern Puget Lowland. Dennis Hibbert. Faculty Research Projects Late Quaternary evolution of western Washington coast. A. Dan Hom. Geophysical investigations of Washington ground­ Sedimentology, petrology, and structure of Mesozoic water resources in central Columbia Basin. strata in the northwestern San Juan Islands, ..bmes W. Crosby, 111. Washington • Som Y . Johnson . Notional uranium resources evaluation (ground-water Petrology of pelitic and ultramofic hornfels north of base) in northedstern Washington . Icicle Creek, Washington. B. Keith Kaneda. James W. Crosby, 111.

9 Mineralogy of alkaline lake sediments in Washington. The Metaline-Ledbetter contoct in northeastern Franklin F. Foit, Jr. and Phi lip E. Rosenberg. Woshington. Stratigraphy and petrogenesis of Columbia River basalt Bruce Hurley. in southeast Washington. Sulfide-bearing metasedimentary rocks of the Peter R. Hooper. Boundary Moun to in area, Ferry County, Age, sediments, microfossi Is and tefro of cores from Washington. the Scoblond Lakes of the Cheney-Palouse Diane Lone. Tract. Ore deposits of the Ruby Hill area, Okanogan County, Peter J. Mehringer Washington. Late glacial plant mocrofossils and pollen, monis, Donald Lonee. mostedon site, Sequim, Washington . Geology of the Schminsky molybdenum prospect. Peter J. Mehringer and K. L. Peterson Colville Reservotion, Washington. Geology and mineral deposits of block shale belt, Randoll White. northeast Washington. Geology and mineral deposits of upper Paleozoic Joseph W. Mills. metosedimentory rocks, northern Stevens Sulfur isotope study of ore deposits of northeastern County, Washington . Washington . Francis Seka Joseph W. Mills. Geology and mineral deposits of Nespelem mining Su lfide-bearing block shales of northern Washington district, Colville Indian Reservation, State. Washington . Joseph W. Mills Michael Broch. Cretaceous str-atigrophy, San Juan Islands;- beach Petrochemistry of granites, northeastern Washington. erosion in the Son Juan Islands, Son Juan Don Orazulike. County, Washington. Detailed analysis of folding in the basalts, Columbia W. Fronk Scott. River Plateau. National geologic landmarks, Columbia Plateau. Wi II iam Saur. W. Fronk Scott Structural analysis and detailed mopping of the Chino Mopping of late Cenozoic sediments in southeastern Bend region. Columbia Plateau. Donald Minkel. Gary D. Webster Fri obi I ity of Addy Quartzite, Stevens County, Washington. Student Research Projects Ga le Knutsen. Gravel deposits in the Clarkston area, southeastern Borehole geophysical investigation of Hanford Washington . Reservation. Gail Waggoner. Ilene Poeter. Sheet grovels near the mouth of the Snake River. Mineralogy of the sediments of Wildcat Lake, Whit­ Lonee Richmon. man County, Washington. Older grovel deposits in the Snake River Canyon Clarence Johnson. below Clarkston, Washington. Ore deposits of the Yellowhead Horizon, Pend Mork Wheeler. Oreille mine, Metaline mining district, Structural analysis and control of ore deposits, Red Washington. Top Mountain, Washington. Michael Bemski. Monico O'Keefe. 10 Analysis of fold interference patterns, Cedar Lake, Joe Wi lson, Gardner-Webb College: Stevens County, Washington. M. J. Bartholomew, Longwood Coll ege; Paul Ginther. and R. J. ·Carson. Structural mopping in the Kettle. Dome, Washington. Quaternary geology of the Skokomish area, Mason Joseph Wi Ison . County . R. J. Corson; and Wi 11 iam Long, Strain analysis in the Kootenay Arc. U.S. Forest Service. Michael Ellis. Re interpretation of the Skokom ish Gravel, south­ western Puget Lowland. R. J. Carson

Whitman College Age of Lena Lake, southeastern Olympic Mountains. Wil liam Long, U.S. Forest Service; and Deportment of Geology R. J. Carson. Quaternary and environmental geology of the eastern Quaternary fau lts of southeastern Olympic Peninsula. Olympic Peninsula. R. J. Carson.

IMPORTANT NOTICE FOR MINING CLAIM OWNERS

Record ing unpatented mining claims with the Federal Government is required by the Federal Land Policy Management Act. If your unpatented lode or placer c la im, or mil l and tunnel site is located on any Federal lands, including lands where the Federal Government owns only the minerals, then you must record the claim. If you located a mining claim BEFORE October 22, 1976 . .. you have until October 21, 1979, to file with the Bureau of Land Management:

1 . A copy of the notice of location recorded in the county records. 2. A statement providing the legal description, indicating township, range, meridian, sto~e, section, and quarter section. 3, A map showing the survey or protraction grids on which is depicted the location of the claim. 4. A $5 service fee for each c la im.

Mining claims in Oregon- Washington ore filed at: Mining Claim Recordation Office Bureau of Land Management 729 NE Oregon St. P. 0. Box 2965 Portland, Oregon 97208 (telephone: 503- 234- 3361)

Complete instructions may be obtained by contacting the above Recordation Office.

If your mining claim was located ofter October 21, 1976, you have 90 days to file with BLM.

/ . 11 U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 7!-MINUTE TOPOGRAPHIC QUADRANGLES (Maps received in the division library January 15, 1979)

New Photo Latitude Longitude Name edition revised (indicates southeast corner) County

Bruce 1954 1978 46°45'00" 119°00'00" Adams Columbia Point 1978 46°15'00 11 119°07'3011 Franklin; Benton Deception Pass 1978 48°22'30 11 122°371 30 11 Skagit; Island El lensburg South 1958 1978 46°52'30" 120°30'0011 Kittitas Lumm i Island 1978 48°37'30" 122°37'3011 Whatcom; Skagit; Son Juan Lyle, Washington- Oregon 1978 45°37'30" 121 °15'00" Klickitat Moses Lake North 1956 1978 47°071 3011 119°15'00 11 Grant Mount Tobar, Oregon- Washington 1961 1970;1978 45°30'00" 122°30'00" Clark Richardson 1977 48°22'30" 122°52'30" San Juan Richland 1978 46°15'00" 119°15'00" Benton; Franklin Sieler 1956 1978 47°00'00" 119°07'30" Grant Slide Peak 1950 1978 47°52'30" 123°52'30" Clal lam; Jefferson

IUIJC IATI Deportment of Naturol Resources U. S. l'OSTAGE PAID Division of Geology and Earth Resources 01,,..ple, We,llllo!Jtoft Olympia, WA 98504 ,_., 26.J

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