ASSESSMENT REPORT

on the

2013 Geology

of the

Klaskino Property

(Tenures 589304, 676023 & 676043)

Northern Vancouver Island

Map Sheet 92L

Lat. 50 18’ 59” N Long. 127 43’ 26” W

Author: Ronald J. Bilquist

(Owner/Operator)

26 March 2014

Table of Contents Page

Introduction (Access, Climate, Local Resources & Infrastructure) 1.

Access and Location 1.

The Property 4.

History 4-7.

Purpose & Summary of Work Done 7.

Technical Data & Interpretation 8-12.

Regional Geology 8.

Property Geology 10.

Mineralization and Alteration 11.

Discussion with Conclusions and Recommendations 12&13.

Photos 14 & 15.

Statement of Qualifications 16.

Cost Statement 17.

References 18.

Appendix #1 (Rock & Waypoint Descriptions) 19&20

Appendix #2 (Certificates of Analysis with Sample Preparation & Method of Analysis) 21-24

Table #1 (Klaskino Mineral Claims Information) 4. Table #2 (Geological Units, Nixon et al, 2006) 8. Table #3 (Select Analysis 2013) 12.

Illustrations: Figure #1 Location Map 2.

Figure #2 Claims Map 3.

Figure #3 Regional Geology (Nixon et al 2006 et al) Follows Appendix #2

Figure #4 Property Geology (1:5000) In the pouch

Figure #5 Red Bluff Geology (1:2500) In the pouch

------1.

Access, Climate, Local Resources, Infrastructure and Physiography

Access and Location – The property is situated on the north shore of Klaskino Inlet and is located approximately 25 kilometers southwest of the town of Port Alice on northern Vancouver Island. The project can be accessed by a network of rough gravel logging roads from Port Alice. As an alternative, Klaskino Inlet is a deep, sheltered inlet and can be readily accessed via tidewater from Port Alice, which has a population of about 800 people. Available in Port Alice are basic services of accommodation, fuel, limited supplies and food. Port McNeil and Port Hardy are larger, full-service communities, each located about 50 kilometres by paved highway from Port Alice.

The Klaskino property is underlain entirely by crown land and is within the traditional territory of the Quatsino First Nation. The village of Quatsino is located 15 kilometres south of Port Hardy on Quatsino Sound.

Road access to the property from Port Alice is via the Mahatta road system and the Klaskino Main or, alternately via the Cayuse Main. Depending on weather conditions and logging activity, either route may require snow plowing for year round access. Recently both access roads were blocked by seasonal mudslides but the access via Caycuse Main was open at time of the work described herein. The access via Klaskino main was opened up shortly following this work program. Driving time from Port Alice ranges from one to two hours depending on route, weather and logging activity. Accommodation may be available at Western Forest Product’s bunkhouse at Mahatta or, depending on logging activity, at Lemare’s East Creek camp closer to the property. During this 2013 work project, the crew camped on the property at the east end of Klaskino Inlet. The property can be reached easily in one short driving day from Nanaimo.

The terrain on, and in the vicinity of, the property is generally steep and rugged, with steep fast flowing deeply incised creeks that flow south into Klaskino Inlet. Elevations on the property range from sea level to about 930 meters on the south slope of Mount Kotzebue. During the winter months the area receives abundant rainfall and snow is common at higher elevations. Climate and vegetation are typical of west coast Vancouver Island terrain which includes various stages of forest cover from recent clear cut to areas logged more than 50 years ago to areas of old growth. Generally, the forest is dense and the tree canopy often results in poor GPS coverage. Undergrowth is varied in areas of old growth, consisting of salal, salmon berry, vine maple and other west coast shrubs. Portions of the property have been logged at various times over the past 50 years, including some more recent helicopter logging. Depending on the age of growth, the previously logged areas can be particularly thickly regrown with second growth forest and dense undergrowth. Some of the older areas of clear cut second growth though, are easily traversable with very little undergrowth as all the trees are basically the same age. This results in a consistent and even forest canopy, allowing less light through for growth of the smaller brush and shrubs.

2.

Figure #1

3. The Property – As shown on Figure #1, the Klaskino property is on the west coast of northern Vancouver Island and is centred about 25 kilometers southwest of the village of Port Alice, B.C. The property is located on NTS map sheet 092L/05 and covers an area of approximately 1031.73 hectares. It is centred at approximately 50.31 degrees latitude and 127.73 degrees longitude.

Klaskino Claims

Figure #2

4. The Klaskino property consists of 3 contiguous mineral claims in the Nanaimo Mining Division acquired in 2007 using Mineral Titles Online (MTO). The claims are shown in Figure #2 on the following page and are summarized below in Table 1. Expiry dates listed in Table 1 are after filing the work that is described herein and are dependent on the acceptance of this report.

The locations of known mineralized zones on the property are shown relative to the property boundary in Figure 2. This report will concentrate on the geology and the mineral occurrences in the eastern half of the property, particularly in the vicinity of Red Bluff Zone. This work is a direct follow up to work carried out by Centerfire in December of 2009 and references will be made to their work from time to time throughout the report.

Table #1 Tenure Number Claim Name Registered Owner Good to Date Area Hectares 589304 Klaskino 102389 (100%) 2016/Sep/01* 412.72 676023 102389 (100%) 2016/Sep/01* 453.91 676043 102389 (100%) 2016/Sep/01* 165.10 Total 1031.73 *on acceptance of this report.

History - 1903 - The first documented exploration work at Klaskino Inlet was in 1903 (B.C. Minister of Mines Annual Report; 1903) with the staking of the Mexicana Group of claims covering a large body of iron pyrite with some copper. There is no mention as to who the stakers were or what the result of their work was. This location could represent either MINFILE Sinker 092L144 or Ruf41 092L237. No other work was documented in the area covered by the present day Klaskino Property for over sixty years when interest in the area was spurred by the discovery of what became the 180 million ton Island Copper Mine on Rupert Inlet off Quatsino Sound.

1915 – In 1915 Klaskino Copper Company owned 41 claims in the area.

1966 - Dip-needle geophysical as well as mercury in soil geochemisty was documented on the Sinker Group of Claims, located on the north side of Klaskino Inlet (Flesher, E.R. and Wilson, T.H.C., ARIS Report 961; 1966). The report refers to two diamond drill holes and the presence of copper, nickel and cobalt, but is without details. This location of this reported work appears to be that of MINFILE Sinker 092L144. There is some question as to the validity of the information contained in the 1966 report as the author of this report worked this area less than 8 years following and there was no sign of the mainline logging roads or spur lines shown on their maps.

5. 1969 – Surveys including geology, I.P. geophysics and geochemistry were reported on the Brad Group of claims, located three miles (5 km.) northeast of Klaskino Inlet. Copper in the form of chalcopyrite was reported in skarn mineralization by Utah Construction and Mining Co. (“Utah”) (B.C. Minister of Mines Annual Report: 1969). The location appears to be that of MINFILE Brad 092L176. The geology and geochemistry were documented in 1970 (Young, W.J., B.C. ARIS Report 2652; 1970). Small skarn pods and lenses, weak shears and quartz veins containing minor chalcopyrite were mapped. Geochemistry results delineated at least three separate and various sized areas with elevated values of copper, molybdenum and/or zinc.

1970 - Stream and soil geochemical surveys were reported on the Jarr Group of Claims, located 1 mile (1.5 km.) north of Klaskino Inlet. Copper in the form of chalcopyrite was reported in skarn mineralization within Bonanza rocks by American Smelting and Refining Compnay (“Asarco”,) B.C. Minister of Mines Annual Report; 1970. The location appears to be that of MINFILE Jarr 092L191.

Also in 1970, geological and soil geochemical surveys were documented on the Sinker and Ruff mineral claims by McDonald Consultants Ltd. for Belvedere Mines Ltd. (Dodson, E.D., B.C. ARIS Report 2407; 1970) A large gossan in andesitic volcanics was found to contain abundant pyrite, some pyrrhotite and finely disseminated chalcopyrite. Soil geochemistry identified two larger clusters of elevated copper values which appear to coincide with both MINFILE’s Sinker 092L144 and Ruf 41 092L237, plus widespread elevated values.

1971 - A soil geochemical survey and preliminary geological mapping were documented on the Jarr Group of Claims by ASARCO. (Anzalone, S.A., B.C. ARIS Report 3166; 1971) Alteration and mineralization typical of skarn mineralization were reported, including pyrrhotite, pyrite, magnetite and chalcopyrite. Soil geochemistry identified areas of potential copper and molybdenum mineralization, consisting of elevated copper values over an area of about 2.5 square kilometres, with one large (0.5 square km.) and several smaller co-incident areas of elevated molybdenum values. In addition, six diamond drill holes totaling 700 feet (210 m.) were completed but results were not made available, and chalcopyrite as low-grade disseminations and in skarn within Bonanza rocks was reported (B.C. Minister of Mines Annual Report; 1971).

1972 - Perry, Knox, Kaufman, Inc., completed a detailed soil geochemistry survey on the K Claim Group located at the Brad MINFILE 092L176. The work focused on the largest area of elevated copper and zinc values in soils established by Utah in 1969. Two smaller areas, one with elevated copper values and another with co-incident elevated copper and molybdenum values were identified (Kaufman, B.C. ARIS Report 3792; 1972). In addition, rock chip sampling was completed resulting in disseminated and fracture-controlled chalcopyrite and pyrite mineralization being found in diorite and Bonanza sedimentary rocks (B.C. Minister of Mines Annual Report; 1972).

1973 - The property was staked by R.J. Bilquist at this time and signed over to Stokes Exploration Management Company (SEMCO). SEMCO, funded by British Newfoundland Exploration (Brinex), 6. completed geological mapping and soil geochemistry on the Klaskino Claim Group and documented copper mineralization (chalcopyrite) mainly in the Parson Bay sediments, both as disseminations and in fractures with pyrrhotite and locally molybdenite. Geochemistry results showed co-incident elevated values of copper, molybdenum and cobalt in four zones (Leighton, D.G. and Stokes, R.B., B.C. ARIS Report 4730; 1973). The work done covered both the Sinker 092L144 and Ruf 41 092L237 MINFILE occurrences (B.C. Minister of Mines Annual Report; 1973).

1982 - B.P. Minerals Limited completed a geological survey and both stream and soil geochemical surveys on the KI Claim Group, which straddled Klaskino Inlet and appears to have covered the area of MINFILE Sinker 092L144. Possible high-level Tertiary dykes intruding calcareous Parson Bay sediments were mapped, and widespread elevated values of arsenic with occasional small areas of elevated gold, silver, copper, mercury and/or antimony were identified (Wong, R.H., B.C. ARIS Report 11226; 1983; B.C. Minister of Mines Annual Report; 1972).

1989 - R.J. Bilquist completed prospecting on the Klaskino #1 Claim, covering the area of MINFILE’s Sinker 092L144 and Ruf 41 092L237. Old trenches and Brinex drill hole sites (1974) were relocated, and two areas of widespread copper skarn mineralization were identified, being the Camp Creek and Red Bluff Zones (Bilquist, R.J., B.C. ARIS Report 20094; 1990).

1990 - Pan Orvana Resources Inc. completed geological, stream moss mat and soil geochemical surveys, plus some rock geochemistry and radiometric geophysical surveys on the Madhat Claim Group which partially covered both MINFILE’s Jarr 092L191 and Brad 092L176. Extensive chlorite and carbonate alteration, and the presence of gold and copper mineralization in fractures and veins in Karmutsen volcanic outcrops, suggested possible leakage from a blind source. Zoning of elevated values of copper, molybdenum, arsenic, zinc, antimony and tungsten within, and surrounding, a broad area (1.5 square km.) of elevated gold values, suggested a possible shallow hydrothermal source of these elements (Bradshaw, P.M.D., B.C. ARIS Report 21120; 1990).

2008 - V.J. Buddick documented prospecting, geological mapping and rock geochemistry on his Klaskino Claim Group located south and west of both Klaskino Inlet and the Klaskino Property. Copper skarn mineralization was identified in both outcrop and float samples of volcanic and limestone, some with highly elevated values of copper, silver, gold, iron and somewhat elevated molybdenum and mercury (Buddick, V.J., B.C. ARIS Report 30215; 2008). Also in 2008, Mr. Buddick documented prospecting, geological mapping and rock geochemistry on his Mahatta Claim located immediately northeast of the Klaskino Property, partially covering MINFILE Brad 092L176. Copper skarn and quartz vein mineralization were identified in volcanic outcrops, some with highly elevated values of copper, silver, gold, arsenic, nickel, cobalt, molybdenum and iron (Buddick, V.J., B.C. ARIS Report 30216; 2008).

2008 - Mineral claim 589304 was acquired in late July by the author and a prospecting report was filed with the ministry of mines the following year (2009). 7. 2009 – In November of this year the author optioned the property to a non-trading public company, Centerfire Resources. Centerfire resources did a late season work program in December with a work program consisting of prospecting, geology and geophysics. Centerfire filed an assessment report describing some of this work and commissioned Jacque Houle to write a 43-101 style report for the project. This report is very comprehensive but was not published. Centerfire also acquired more of the surrounding area and some of these new adjoining claims (Table 1) have become part of the present Klaskino property.

Summary of Work Done – The last work on the property was filed in February 2010. Linda Caron, in an assessment report for Centerfire Minerals, filed , 2009 Exploration Program, Ground Geophysics. The report describes a brief work program carried out in late 2009, although the focus of the report is primarily the small geophysical surveys of induced polarization and ground magnetics, other work including prospecting and geochemistry (soil, silt & moss matt) was carried out.

From this work, Caron recommended the following work: 1. Detailed follow-up trenching and/or diamond drilling of known targets. 2. Property-scale work to assess other less well-defined areas. This work should include; a. Geological mapping b. Prospecting c. Geochemistry (soil, moss-mat) d. Geophysics 3. Consultation with First Nations and an archaeological assessment of the property.

One of the three recommendations has partially been completed. The consultation with the First Nations and an archaeological assessment has been carried out in the Camp Creek Zone and is included in Klaskino Summary Report; June 26, 2010 by Jacque Houle for Centerfire Minerals. This can be found in this report as Appendix 4 titled Archaeological Impact Assessment (AIA) Interim Report: Centerfire Camp Creek Grid Grid Area, MT # 589304, Klaskino Inlet By Sources Archaeological & Heritage Research Inc.

In 2013, the purpose of the work program was to commence the recommended geological mapping of the entire property. Due to the size of the size of the claim area it was determined that the program would be a two phase program with the main focus for 2013 being the Red Bluff Zone. In 2014 the remainder of the property, which includes the Camp Creek Zone and the North Zone, will be mapped.

During two trips to the property in 2013, a total of 13 man days in July and September were spent mapping the eastern area of the property. A total of 84 geo waypoints and geological type rocks were taken. Of the ‘type rocks’, nine were submitted to the laboratory for geochemical analysis. Eleven of the samples taken by Centerfire in 2009 were included in the report to assist in the geological interpretation. 8. Technical Data and Interpretation:

Geology – Regional Geology - The geological setting of northern Vancouver Island, which includes the Klaskino Property, has been documented by numerous corporate and government geologists over the past century. Paper 74-8, GSC; Geology and Mineral Deposits of Alert-Cape Scott Map-Area Vancouver Island, British Columbia; J.E. Mueller, K.E. Northcote, and D. Carlisle; 1974, describes the work of two seasons mapping the northern end of Vancouver Island. Access at the time was very difficult as clear cut logging with its extensive road system was at an early stage in this area. As a result, mapping was restricted mainly to exploring the inlets, when the weather permitted, combined with intensive interpretation and extrapolation from aerial photography.

More recent mapping and compilation of historic work resulted in a publication authored by Nixon, G.T., J.L Hammack. J.V. Hamilton, H. Jennings, J.P. Larocque, R.M. Friedman, D.A. Archibald, M.J. Orchard, J.W. Haggart, H.W. Tipper, T. Tozer, and F. Cordey, in 2006. Geology of the Mahatta Creek Area, Northern Vancouver Island, NTS 092L/5, B.C. Geological Survey Branch Geoscience Map 2006- 4. covers northern-most Vancouver Island and revises the nomenclature and age classifications for the geological units, using current age dating techniques. G.T.Nixon and A.J. Orr, 2007 published revisions to this work in Geological Fieldwork 2006, Paper 2007-1, p. 163-177. The major geological units described by Nixon for map sheet 092/L and for the area of the Klaskino Property appear in Table 2 below and can be seen on Figure #3 in the pouch at the back of this report. Table #2 AGE/GROUP FORMATION LITHOLOGOIES Late Miocene-Early Pliocene Klaskish Pluton Suite / MPKgd Granodiorite Upper Cretaceous/Nanaimo Group Longarm Formation / IKL Clastic sediments minor coal Upper to Middle Jurassic Island Plutonic Suite / Jl Granitoid rocks and porphyry Upper Triassic to Mid-Jurassic/Bonaza Group Lamare Lake Formation / IJL Volcanic, volcaniclastic breccia Volcaniclastic-Sed. Unit / TrJBvs Volcaniclastics, marine sediments Parson Bay Formation / uTrP Limestone clastic sed’s, volcanics Upper Triassic / Vancouver Group Quatsino Formation / uTrQ Limestone Karmutsen Formation / uTrk Basaltic volcanics

Jacque Houle, in a 2010 unpublished report for Centerfire, describes the regional geology, as interpreted by Nixon et al, as follows.

“All of northern Vancouver Island is part of the Wrangellian Terrain, which extends northwards through the Queen Charlotte Island into southern Alaska. Together with the Alexander terrain of Alaska, Wrangellia was accreted to western North America to form the Insular Belt during the Paleozoic era. None of the Paleozoic units are known to outcrop within the area covered by map sheet 092/L, and exposures of the Karmutsen basaltic volcanics and Quatsino Limestone of the 9. Upper Triassic Vancouver Group are rare south of Quatsino Sound and west of Neroutsos Inlet. However, it may be likely that these older units occur much more extensively at depth within the map area.

Nixon describes the geology of both the map area and the Property as being dominated by various well-established volcano-sedimentary units of the Upper Triassic to Middle Jurassic Bonanza Group. Locally this conflicts with the 2005 Geology Layer in B.C. MapPlace, which has yet to be updated to reflect all of Nixon’s more recently published mapping and stratigraphic revisions (Nixon, G.T. and Orr, A.J., Recent Revisions to the Early Mesozoic Stratigraphy of Northern Vancouver Island, NTS 102I, 092L, and Metallogenic Implications, Geological Fieldwork 2006: 2007). These units have been intruded by highly varied (in both composition and shape) and often magnetic granitoid bodies of the Early to Middle Jurassic Island Plutonic Suite coeval with the youngest rocks of the Lemare Lake Volcanic Succession of the Bonanza Group.

In the northern part of the map area, clastic sedimentary rocks of the Lower Cretaceous Longarm Formation, part of the Nanaimo Group, unconformably overlie the eroded paleo-surface of the Bonanza Group and Island Plutonic Suite. During the Crestaceous the rocks experienced compression which was followed in Tertiary times by extensional tectonics and resulted in folded and fault-bound blocks of generally homoclinal strata. The structural fabric is generally northwesterly trending. In the eastern map area, granodiorite bodies of the Late Miocene to Early Pliocene Klaskish Plutonic Suite occur as the youngest units.

The geological setting of the Klaskino Property is typical of Map Sheet 092L/05. The Property also has two dominant orientations of structural fabric trends: northwesterly and northeasterly; and also numerous exposures of the Island Plutonic Suite. Fault blocks consist largely of moderately north-dipping homoclinal strata of interbedded impure limestones and fine clastic sediments of the Parson Bay Formation of the Bonanza Group, locally underlain by massive limestones of the Quatsino Formation, and overlain by mafic to intermediate volcanics of the Lemare Lake Succession (previously interpreted locally as Karmutsen Formation). Dykes, sills and small plutons of diorite to granodiorite of the Island Plutonic Suite intrude and probably underlie all other units on the Property, as suggested by high magnetic responses from regional aeromagnetics. The BCGS 2005 geology layer from BC MapPlace appears in Figures 1c and 2c, with the local geology legend in Table 4 above. GSC regional aeromagnetic and gravity data appears in Figures 1d, 1e and 2d, included to show sub-surface geological variations, possibly including magnetic intrusions and alteration zones.”

Economic Geology & Deposit Types – It is not known whether intrusive rocks of the Klaskish Plutonic Suite, mapped east of the Property (Nixon: 2006), are coeval with the Mount Washington/ Catface Intrusives which are directly associated with documented porphyry, skarn and epithermal deposits across central Vancouver Island. Intrusive bodies of the Island Plutonic Suite, which are mapped on the Klaskino Property, are directly associated with documented calc-alkalic copper- 10. molybdenum-gold porphyry and related copper-gold-silver, lead- zinc-silver and iron skarn, and high sulphidation epithermal gold-silver-copper deposits throughout Vancouver Island. Documentation of all these types of deposits can be found in MINFILE records.

Houle (2010) also states that at the Klaskino project, “the field work carried out on the property by Centerfire, coupled with the work of all other companies over the years, along with extensive paper research, suggests that at least three BC Mineral Deposit profiles are appropriate to use as exploration target models. These include L04 – Porphyry Cu +/-Mo +/-Au, K01 – Cu Skarns and H04 - Epithermal Au-Ag-Cu high sulphidation”.

Geological and geochemical indicators of these three scenarios are found on the Klaskino property and it is highly encouraging that examples of all three mineral deposit types are associated with the same lithological units and in similar geological settings that are found elsewhere on Vancouver Island. The most well-known and productive being the occurrences hosted in the approximately 50 kilometer long, prolific and productive Island Copper Belt north of Holberg Inlet. This area has a number of occurrences including the Red Dog, a porphyry copper deposit with 25 million tons of 0.44% copper, 0.01% molybdenum and 0.44 g/t gold; the Hep porphyry copper which has .045 million tons grading 0.8% copper and the Hushamu porphyry copper, which is presently be explored by a junior Vancouver mining company, has an expanding reserve of 173.2 million tons of 0.27% copper, 0.01% molybdenum and 0.44 g/t gold. The more well-known porphyry deposit and past producer, Island Copper, which produced from 19xx to 19xx had 363.4 million tons which graded 0.34% copper, 0.01% molybdenum, 0.10 g/t gold and 0.81 g/t silver. Island Copper is located 36 kilometers north east of the Klaskino project.

Property Geology – The geological mapping described in this report refers primarily to the Red Bluff Zone which is depicted in the Figure 2 located at the end of the report. One and one half days were spent mapping outcrops along the road from the eastern edge of the property to a small creek about 1 kilometer east of Camp Creek. Other than rock identification, no interpretation has been attempted due to the single, linear aspect of these traverses. Future field work (2014) will focus on the western portion of the property which includes both the Camp Creek Zone and the North Zone.

The Klaskino property, as mapped by Nixon et al (2006), lies north of the Klaskino Fault, which trends northwest through Klaskino Inlet. The property is also north of the northeast trending Klaskish Fault along the Klaskish River. Except for the extreme eastern part of the property, the claims are situated west of the north-northwest trending Mahatta Fault, which generally follows Mahatta Creek.

The property is predominantly underlain by volcanics of the Lemare Lake volcanic succession, likely Unit 4 & 4a on the attached geology map (Figure #4 & 5), and by sediments of the Parson Bay Formation, which is shown on the geology map (Figure #3) as Unit 3. A study of the topographical maps and satellite images shows that the dominant trend of lineaments and major streams and 11. rivers in the property areas is primarily northwesterly and north-easterly which coincides generally with the directional trend of the regional scale Klaskino and Klaskish faults.

Previous property scale work has documented exposures of the Island Plutonic Suite represented by dykes, sills and areas of diorite to granodiorite which intrude older units, primarily the Parson Bay sediments in the Red Bluff Zone. Houle (2010), after reviewing the regional aeromagnetic surveys and noting the high magnetic responses, suggests that these intrusives may underlie all other units on the Property.

The 2013 geological mapping of the Red Bluff Zone supports the hypothesis presented by Jacque Houle. Numerous outcrops of fine grained microdiorite (Units 4 & 4a) were located in the Red Bluff Zone. These outcrops were all extremely ‘rusty’ with variable amounts of disseminated to semi massive pyrite, pyrrhotite +/- chalcopyrite. The sulphides are extremely intense in some outcrops making identification of the host close to impossible without further petrographic studies.

The microdiorite underlies an equally weathered, finely laminated, mud-silt-sandstone which, due to the friable nature of the rock, has likely been eroded away in places to expose the intrusion below. The sediments are also mineralized with pyrite, pyrrhotite, +/- chalcopyrite.

Only one small outcrops of limestone was mapped. This outcrop is located in the Red Bluff Zone and appears to lie stratigraphically under the sediment package. The limestone is difficult to trace along trend and likely the mineralizing event has obliterated it and replaced it with semi massive to occasionally massive sulphides (pyrite, pyrrhotite and chalcopyrite). This limestone likely represents the Quatsino Limestone as mapped by government geologists.

Mineralization – Over the years exploration on the Klaskino property has identified zones of mineralization in two areas about 2 kilometers apart. The Camp Creek (Minfile 092L 144) is located in the western area of the property and the Red Bluff (Minfile 092L 237) is located in the eastern region. The Jarr (Minfile 092L 191) and Brad (Minfile 092L 176) showings are located to the east and north of the Klaskino claims. All of these occurrences have characteristics of copper skarn and/or porphyry copper with possible associated molybdenum mineralization. Houle (2010) suggests that these four showings could represent the surface expressions of a single large mineralized cluster, related to a large intrusive of the Island Plutonic Suite underlying the Mesozoic strata, with a zone of semi-continuous alteration exposed over an area of 15-20 square kilometers.

Mineralization identified on the property in 2013 included pyrite, pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite and molybdenite. Disseminated to semi massive pyrite, and occasional semi massive pyrrhotite, both with occasional chalcopyrite were noted in outcrops in the Red Bluff Zone. Occassionally the sulphides appear to be banded and conforming to the ‘relict’ bedding of the host sediments. Traces of molybdenite were also seen in one sample.

12. Select analysis of 2013 samples can be seen in the following table as well on the Red Bluff detailed map (Figure #4). Complete geochemical ICP analysis can be found in the appendices following this report. Table #3 Mo Cu Pb Zn Co Fe Sample PPM PPM PPM PPM PPM % 90406 2.3 1861.9 1.9 47 181.5 16.01 90407 141.2 438.4 0.7 18 60.9 5.27 90607 29.6 1129.5 1.7 26 94.4 7.48 90608 0.6 1414.3 2.6 26 212.6 13.22 90707 0.2 514.6 1.2 63 20.3 4.59 90708 <0.1 498 1 409 192 8.65 90804 10.1 95.4 1 7 101.5 2.79 90805 0.5 282.8 0.8 14 28.1 3.23 90806 32 102.7 1.3 25 21.9 3.26

The anomalous copper, molybdenum and iron shown in the above table can be seen in the corresponding rock samples as chalcopyrite, molybdenite, pyrite and pyrrhotite.

Epidote is quite common in the volcanics (Unit 1) mapped in the eastern part of the Red Bluff detailed map area and the occasional quartz vein has been noted as well.

Discussion with Conclusions and Recommendations:

Discussion – Descriptions from more than 95 waypoints, geological ‘type’ samples and rock samples for analysis have been used to generate this report and maps. The geology more or less agrees with the general regional mapping of Nixon et al in 2006. No evidence of the regional faulting, or definitive contacts, has been witnessed yet on the property, likely due to the overburden forest cover and steep terrain.

A large area of approximately 500 meters by 500 meters has been identified where there appears to be an underlying intrusion, diorite to microdiorite, which appears to be intruding the sediments and volcanics in the vicinity of the Red Bluff. Disseminated pyrite is pervasive throughout this area with many of the outcrops having in excess of 10% sulphides (pyrite, pyrrhotite, +/- chalcopyrite. The excessive sulphides leave the rock a rusty red color and are quite often ‘rotten’ in texture due to the leaching of the sulphides. It is extremely difficult to identify the rock type and almost impossible to get a fresh sample.

Copper values from the two, contour geochemical soil lines from the Centerfire Minerals work in 2009 have been plotted on the detailed map of the Red Bluff Zone. Anomalous copper in soils, with

14. Photos

#1 Easterly Towards Red Bluff Zone

#2 Red Bluff Zone – Note Rusty Outcrops

15.

#3 Red Bluff Zone – Rusty Microdiorite(?)

#4 West of Red Bluff Zone – Calcareous Sediments

17. Exploration Work type Comment Days Totals

Personnel / Position Field Days (list actual days) Days Rate Subtotal* Ron Bilquist (Geology) 24,25,26 July & 03 to 09 Sep,t 2013 10.0 $600.00 $6,000.00 Steve Harrison (Field Assist) 24,25,26 July, 2013 3.0 $325.00 $975.00

$6,975.00 $6,975.00 Office Studies List Personnel (note – Office only) Literature search Ron Bilquist 1.0 $450.00 $450.00 Database compilation 0.5 $450.00 $225.00 Computer modelling Reprocessing of data General research Ron Bilquist 1.0 $450.00 $450.00 Report preparation Ron Bilquist 3.5 $450.00 $1,585.00 Other (specify) scan and copies $2,710.00 $2,710.00 Geological Surveys Area in Hectares/List Personnel field expend Geological mapping 288.01 / Ron Bilquist, Steve Harrison above

Geochem Surveying Number of Samples No. Rate Subtotal Rock 9 rock samples 9.0 $34.83 $313.47 Shipping via bus and delivered $19.25 $19.25 $332.72 $332.72 Transportation No. Rate Subtotal truck rental 10 days rental 10.00 $125.00 $1,250.00

Ferries $15.65, $48.65 and $54.65 $118.95 ATV 3.00 $100.00 $300.00 fuel $530.14 $2,199.09 $2,199.09 Accom & Food Rates per day Camp 10.00 $75.00 $750.00 Hotel Meals meals and food total $363.16 $1,113.16 $1,113.16 Miscellaneous Telephone Other (Specify) prop,batt,pens,pensils,whiteout,ship rocks $97.49 $97.49 $97.49 Equipment Rentals Field Gear (Specify) gps, dig camera ($10.00,), phone ($10.00) 10.00 $20.00 $200.00 Other (Specify) $200.00 $200.00

TOTAL Expenditures $13,627.46

18.

REFERENCES

- Minister of Mines Annual Reports: 1900 p.195; 1915 p.288; 1969 p.206; 1970, p.271.

- Minfile: 092L 144 (Sinker); 092L 237 (Ruf 41).

- 1966, Flesher, E.R. and W.H.C. Wilson; A Geophysical and Geochemical Report on the Sinker Group of Claims on the North Side of Klaskino Inlet, Nanaimo, M.D., December 4-7, 1966. ARIS #971.

- 1970, E. D. Dodson; Geological & Geochemical Report on the Sinker 1 – 6 & Ruf Mineral Claims for Belvedere Mines Ltd.; May 27, 1970.

- 1973, Leighton, D.G. and R.B. Stokes; Geological and Geochemical Report on the Klaskino Mineral Claims, Nanaimo Mining Division, for Brinex, November 14, 1973.

- 1974, J.E. Muller, K.E. Northcote, D. Carlisle 1974; Geology and Mineral Deposits of Alert-Cape Scott Map-Area Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Geological Survey of Canada, Paper 74-8.

- 2006, Nixon, G.T., J.L. Hammack. J.V. Hamilton, H. Jennings, J.P. Larocque, R.M. Friedman, D.A. Archibald, M.J. Orchard, J.W. Haggart, H.W. Tipper, T. Tozer, and F. Cordey, 2006; Geology of the Mahatta Creek Area, Northern Vancouver Island, NTS 092L/5, BC Geological Survey Branch Geoscience Map 2006-4.

- 2007, Nixon, G.T. and A.J. Orr, 2007; Recent Revisions to the Early Mesozoic Stratigraphy of Northern Vancouver Island (NTS 102I, 092L) and Metallogenic Implications, British Columbia, Geological Fieldwork 2006, Paper 2007-1, p.163-177.

- 2010, Caron, Linda, Assessment Report on the 2009 Exploration Program Ground Geophysics, Klaskino Property, NTS 92L/05, for Centerfire Minerals Inc., February 16, 2010.

- 2010, Houle, J., Summary Report on the Klaskino Property, Nanaimo Mining Division, for Centerfire Minerals Inc., January 31, 2010.

19. Appendix #1 Rock & Waypoint Descriptions Field # Map Type North East Description 2013 # Zone 9 Zone 9 90401 4 felds por 590349 5573007 Mid of 67 m.long o/c, felds porph, tiny qtz vnlts mon-strng mag. 90404 3 silt - sndst 590406 5573204 vry rsty sed?? w/diss py and pos cpy; orang lim, patch mag 90405 4a diorite? 590441 5573377 rsty basalt ? diorite; diss py & tiny qtz vnlets; non mag 90406 3 silt - sndst 590465 5573379 rsty cooked sed?? W/tr cpy and po; weak - strng mag 90407 4 diorite 590513 5573415 vry rsty diorite(?) w/diss py poss cpy; non mag 90408 3 silt - sndst 590481 5573481 banded sed silt to sndstne; diss py; wea kmag 90409 3 silt - sndst 590472 5573495 coarse po in rsty basalt?? Or sed. w/tr cpy; mod-strng mag 90410 4a diorite 590475 5573596 fresh diorite; non mag 90411 4 porphyry 590291 5573735 acidic porphy dyke?; non mag 90501 4a diorite? coarse basalt?? Or possible diorite??; mod mag 90502 1 basalt 591071 5572706 middle of 20 m basalt o/c off property to southl strng mag 90503 1 basalt 590976 5572821 middle 25 m diorite o/c; strng mag 90504 1 basalt 591003 5572898 same basalt ?? & up slope from 05 07; mod mag 90505 1 basalt 591080 5572904 basalt o/c; mod mag 90506 1 basalt 591127 5572947 2 shears in bslt (150 & 45 deg) minor qtz; mod mag 90507 1 basalt 591086 5572872 basalt o/c; mod mag 90508 1 basalt 590906 5572893 basalt o/c rd cont to W03 @ 591037 - 5572866; mos mag 90509 1 basalt 590493 5573003 lg bslt o/c for 30 m; mod mag 90510 3 mud-slt stn 590207 5573062 gry fn snd/slt stne strike 43 - dip 30 nw; Py & tr cpy; non mag 90511 3 mud-slt stn 590115 5573089 rsty pyritic sed cont for 130 m; non mag 90512 3 mud-slt stn 589957 5573179 rsty sed same o/c cont'd; non mag 90513 3 mud-slt stn 589883 5573294 grey sed for 80 m in rd cut; half cm qtz vein w/py,cpy; non mag 90514 3 mud-silt stn 589753 5573465 rsty sed w/diss py; non mag 90515 4a diorite? 589746 5573477 sill?? Int looking rock w/tr cpy; non mag 90516 ? contact 589703 5573521 mixed vol? & sed for about 30 m; fault zone??; weak mag 90517 4a diorite? 589684 5573546 possible micro diorite?? Coarse basalt??; non mag 90518 4 porphyry 589677 5573547 siliceous rock, dyke? rhyolite?? Qfp??; non mag 90519 3 mud-slt stn 589635 5573573 gry sed; calcareous??; non mag 90601 1 basalt 591098 5572882 basalt o/c trend north in tiny ck; epidote 90602 1 basalt 591098 5572892 2 ?? Qt veins 25 deg - 70 deg east; 20 cm & 15 cm 1 m apart in bslt; non mag 90603 1 basalt 591133 5572876 steep sm creek w/bslt o/c; 30 cm qtz epid vn strike 90 dip 90; non mag 90604 3 mud-slt stn 590405 5573164 rel fresh sed o/c; non mag 90605 3 mud-slt stn 590408 5573180 vry rsty pyritic sed o/c; diss py; tr po; weak mag 90606 4a diorite? 590407 5573188 very rsty diorite?; py; pos cpy; weak-mod mag 90607 4a diorite? 590437 5573216 very rust diorite; py and cpy??; weak mag 90608 4a diorite? 590464 5573233 same w/pyrite poss pyrr and cpy; non mag 90701 3 diorite? 590605 5572979 rsty diorite? at tide line; py Could be very large boulder??; weak mag 90702 1 basalt 590550 5572954 basalt o/c w/lots epidote; tr cpy; tr qtz; non mag 90703 3 silt-sndstn 589496 5573627 dark grey sed; py; rsty patches; non mag 90704 3 silt-sndstn 589389 5573693 small dark grey sed for 20 m; non mag 90705 3 sed 589318 5573727 orange weath'd fine blu green sed for 100m; north end in dyke 90706 3 sed 589204 5573779 sm blu dyke rk? In 30 m o/c 90707 1 basalt 590719 5573115 lg o/c f blu vol (bslt) w/coarse cpy; non mag 90708 ? breccia 590726 5573092 ang prox flt breccia w/qtz,w/py, cpy; weak - mod mag 90801a 3 sed 590345 5573146 banded sed w/fine dissem py; strike 45dip 20 NW 90801 2 limestone 590351 5573063 series of limestone boulders; subcrop of Quatsino Limestone?? 90802 4a diorite? 590443 5573482 very rusty rock w/possible cpy; weak - mod mag 90803 4a diorite? 590495 5573507 rusty subcrop in tree route; py and possible cpy

20.

Field # Map Type North East Description 2013 # Zone 9 Zone 9 90804 3 sed 590707 5573480 very rusty sed?; pyrite; weak mag 90805 4a diorite? 590725 5573479 very rusty dior w/ py, po, cpy(?); weak mag 90806 4a diorite? 590473 5573533 subcrop diorite? w/sulphides; weak mag 90807 2 limestone 590351 5573063 ang prox sub crop grey limestone; non mag KW03 1 basalt 591037 5572866 west end o/c at 90507; mod mag KW04 1 basalt 591035 5572884 large SE trend o/c type?? Not in notes KW06 1 basalt 591085 5572680 sm bslt o/c KW07 1 basalt 590763 5572967 end lg cont o/c KW08 1 basalt 590718 5572990 small basl o/c mud-slt KW11 3 stn 589861 5573328 same for anonther 70 m; non mag mud-slt KW13 3 stn 589589 5573596 sheared sed for about 40 m; non mag KW16 1 basalt 591162 5572889 basalt o/c in steep NE trend creek KW17 1 basalt 591098 5572895 bslt o/c; epid mud-slt KW21 3 stn 590455 5573232 rusty sed o/c KW22 3 pyriti sed 590442 5573326 rsty pyritic sed o/c KW23 1 basalt 590601 5572965 5 x 10 m o/c bslt at tide line KW27 3 silt-sndstn 590378 5573141 rsty angular prox sed flt; orange limonite, dissem py, pos cpy; mod mag KW27 c 3 silt-sndstn 589354 5573715 sed o/c; thin layered dark and light KW28 3 silt-sndstn 589344 5573730 fract sed o/c KW29 3 sed 589252 5573730 sill twisting to dyke; non mag KW30 2 lst? 589163 5573796 o/c small; minor qtz; type lst?? KW31 3 sed 589149 5573825 rsty pyritic sed o/c KW32 3 sed 589132 5573855 o/c occas rsty, pale green sed KW33 3 sed 589190 5573949 sed o/c in creek strike 125, dip 45 sw KW33 1 basalt 590632 5573039 bslt o/c w/rsty patches KW34 3 sed 589118 5573964 grey sed, Parson Bay KW34 1 basalt 590819 5573089 at base basalt cliffs KW36 1 basalt 590351 5573234 possible bslt o/c?????? KW37 3 sed 590357 5573249 very rusty sed; strike 15 dip 30 W KW38 3 silt-sndstn 590374 5573385 sed w/minor dissem pyrite; strike 60 dip 25 NNW KW39 3 silt-sndstn 590356 5573431 occas rusty sed o/c KW40 3 silt-sndstn 590562 5573522 mod rusty sed KW41 3? sed? 590816 5573464 rusty pyritic o/c; not as intense KW42 3 sed 590782 5573530 intense rusty patches in sed KW43 3 silt-sndstn 590746 5573560 sed o/c; moderately rusty 2009 1712 1 basalt 591090 5572936 "Gords Vein"; 100N 4975E 1714 1 basalt 591025 5572968 1715 1 basalt 590824 5573103 Mafic rock with epidote grains and sulphide blebs 16001 4 diorite 590684 5573116 rusty blders; strng calc, weak-mod mag w/clots of mass po, py, tr cpy, to 15% tot sulf 16002 4 diorite 590684 5573116 Same as 16001, w/patches of platey po to 30% 16003 4a diorite? 590701 5573159 Prox flt bldr; fn grnd, microdior dyke? 2-5% diss py, non mag, non calcs. V rsty weath 16004 4a diorite? 590695 5573162 5-10% diss and patchy py+po, tr cpy; rsty dark grey, non calc, weak mag, fn gn intru? 16005 4a diorite? 590683 5573117 Fn gn grey green, dior? w/ 5-10% diss py. Non mag, weak chl alt, non calc, rsty weath 16006 4a diorite? 590705 5573123 Rsty blder; fn grn px skrn? mod calc bands pchy py-po to 15%; +/- tot oxid, srcit? alt. 16007 4a diorite? 590690 5573120 Fine grn dark green microdior? w/ 5-10% diss py, non mag, non calc. 16008 4a diorite? 590732 5573091 Green fn grnd volc or microdior w/5% diss py and 5-10% mm scale qtz-carb stkwork. 16009 4 diorite 590624 5572980 Rsty py-po microdior &/or px skarn, also ep lst skrn; hrnfesl rk w/1-2% mm blebs cpy

Appendix #2 21.

Certificates of Analysis with Sample Preparation & Method of Analysis

22.

23.

24.

25.

BC Geological Survey 70 71 72 73 74 575000E 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 848985 86 87 88 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 9899 600 01 02 03 04 605000E 06

96 (( 96 ! 34 GEOSCIENCE MAP 2006-4 128° 00' 127° 48' 127° 36' ( DRAKE ISLAND 47 ( 26 ((( uTrPv ! 20 uTrP ( (( D ! ! 13 29 ( N Norger !( ! 50° 30' U ( uTrQ ( (( (

SO Holloway Islet ( ( Geology of the Mahatta Creek Area,

95 ( ( 95

76 B

Point Farmer BUCHHOLZ CHANNEL 15 lKL!  14 (! ( ( 50° 30' ( ( 13 Schloss Islets Banter ( ((

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94 40 25 ! 32 ( 22 ( A ! 94 ( 42 26 ( !

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eJlSeJlS ! ( ( D TrJBvs TmlN( ( ( Salmon ! eJlSeJlS ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( M.J. ORCHARD, T. TOZER, H.W. TIPPER and G.T. NIXON, J.L. HAMMACK, J.V. HAMILTON, R.M. FRIEDMAN (The University of British Columbia) ( ( ! ! KOSKIMO BAY ( 35 ( ( ( ( ( 45 C JIdi-gd ( ( O

lJLs ( ( ( ( ( (( YREKA

Point Islands eJ?eSeJ?eS ( ( (( r ( 80 236 ©( YREKA 45 ( ( e ( 0

(( (( ( ( A lJLf 35 ! ( © ( U 37

91 eKlHeeKlHeB D ( e ( d © TeN 91 D ( ©

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Ñ ( 45 ( ( 21 !

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Island ! O JIqdi e (

( e ( ( ( lJLm 47 !  ( ! Islet d k w d 191.3 (±0.9) Bi ( 35 eJlS(R)eJlS(R) eJlSeJlS JIgb 325 ( ( 5590000 lJLm ! eJlS(R)eJlS(R) ÑeJlSeJlS ( q ( É( ( S (

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Ñ 50 ( ( (

291 ( lJLmf ( KlootchlimmisKlootchlimmis ( ( Mountain ©(( (

lJLmf RIVER KlootchlimmisKlootchlimmis TmNR N K RIVER TmNR 0 RIVER ! ( 196.8 (±0.5) Zr ( 40 TmNR ! 590000N 7 0 ( !

4 JIpod (( lJL ( I o (

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89 D 75 ( ( ( 8 ( ( ( ( T ©( a ( ( 89 37 lJLf r ( ( ( (

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( ( ( ( lJLs (( ( ( ( ek ( e ( ( ( (É( ( 0

lJLm 25 544 lJLm (É! ( re 63 k ( ( Ñ( ! ( lJLmf 0 324 ( ( 43 Ñ( (

! ( ( ( C 44 C D ( 6 (

(( 0 ( ( ( (((( ! ( ( 30 ( 0 ( ( r ( ( ( Gillam D d ( 4 d ( e 45 ( 0 ( ( ( 50 ( is FF JIpo 0 ( ( e FF

e D ( ( ( lJLm u uTrP ( 65 70 k 2 ( ! q ( LAYERED ROCKS INTRUSIVE ROCKS Mount 46( ( ( ( lJLf ( (( ( ( o ( aa lJLm ( ( ( ( ( (( ( C aa (( ! ( ( ( ( uu

f LL ( ( ( 48 TrJBvs ( uu A 623 LL ( ( ( ( ( !

Islands ( ( ( É lll ( A 35 lll 88 ee (( ( ( ( ( ((( ttt 88 Bury ( lJLs ( 192.7( (±0.3)( Zr ( ( UPPER CRETACEOUUSS LATE MIOCENE TO EARLY PLIOCENE MM lJLf 72 ( ( ( ( ( ( 35 (( A MM ((( ( ( ( ! k

45 ( ( ( ( PlutonPluton 40 ee

00 ( ( ( 30 ( r

4 aa ( ! C NANAIMO GROUP EQUIVALENTS (IN PART) Port Hardy

73 56 ! ( ( KLASKISH PLUTONIC SUITE D( !

( ( ( ( ! 30 ( rrr ( lJLm 33 ( ( ( ( 35 D ( Mahatta Creek Area 200 ee ( ( ( lJL 80 (( ( w ( ( Campanian to ?Maastrichtian

74 ( ( 63 ( ! ( ( lJLm Mount Port McNeill

(( ( ( ( 85 ( 1278 92L/5 ! D ( A ( D ((( ( ( ( ( (( ( 2 D ( ( f

( ( ( ( ( 00 ( MPKgd Medium-grained, equigranular hornblende granodiorite 87 55 ( 44 70 ( ( ( ( 87 Medium to coarse-grained arkosic to lithic wacke, pebble to cobble conglomerate,

( ( ( Creek ( ((( ( Wolfenden

D( 56 ( ( w ( ( ( D 40 ! ( ¡ ( JIdi-gd ( ( a ( uKN Port Alice Harvey ( ( 46 ( ( ( ( siltstone and minor coal; locally fossiliferous 50 ! (( D63 ( u ( ( ( ( ( q Cu lJLf w ( lJLm ( ( 085 0 British Cove w ( ( 30 o ( ( ! ( lJLf ( ( 0 l D E ( 2 ( Campbell River lee lJLf lJLm 40 ( ( w( ( ( d ( ( G (

( ( ( d (! (40 EARLY TO MIDDLE JURASSIC

t 45 ( ( 50 51

( 75 !

lJLmf ( ( ( ( ! ( ( ! ( ( ! ( ( ( D ( ¡ ( LOWER CRETACEOUS ( ( ( 40 ( ( ( ( ( (( ( ( (C( D 75

( B ( ( (( lJLx ( ( 61 ( ( 70 Vancouver r ( ¡ ( ( D ¡

( 60 ( 0 ( ( ( 49 0 ISLAND PLUTONIC SUITE Columbia

86 e 328 0 (( ( lJLf ( 48 ( ( 86 PPaPa ( ( 106 0 PPaPa ( 4 ! d PPaPa

e d Late Valanginian to Barremian

( ( (( 0 ( lJLm ( ¡ ( 6

( 55 B (

lJLf k d LeMare ( 207( (±12) Zr ( ( ( ( 0 (( a ( 8 ¡ 46 ( ( ( ( ( 85 ! Medium to coarse-grained, equigranular granitoid rocks and porphyry; includes Island

( 329 ( É ( lJLf MM ( ( ( cc d ! lJL ( ( ( 38 ( lJLs ( ( ¡ ( LONGARM FORMATION EQUIVALENTS iii aa ( ( ( ( 43 hornblende+/-biotite-bearing gabbro (gb), diorite (di), quartz diorite (qdi), fff ( ( lJLm aa ( ( ( ( ( JI iii ( ( Lake (( hh ( ( ( ( A lJL cc Vancouver

( D ( (

( 80 lJLf ( ( ( ( plagioclase+/-hornblende porphyry (po), quartz monzodiorite (qmd), ( D ( aa ( ( Thinly bedded to massive sandstone, siltstone, mudstone, pebble conglomerate aa 42(( ( ( ( Port Alberni

( ( tt ( 30 ( ( ( (

A a tt ! (( 35( lKL granodiorite (gd) and granite (g) Nanaimo C A 45 hatt tt ( ( and minor coal; locally fossiliferous anada ! Ma aa OO

85 lJL 75 ( aa ( lJLm ( 85 OO

(( ( ( ( ¡ ( ( ( ( ! USA

( 73 59 ( ( ( ( w cc ( ( 45 65 D ( É ( ee

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lJLm ( D ( ( C ( ( ( aa

( ( lJLf (( 28 ( (( ( reek 199.2 (±0.6) Zr Medium to coarse-grained, equigranular hornblende-biotite granite- B

( ! lJL ( nn

70 ( ( ( 54 2 lJLx UPPER TRIASSIC (CARNIAN) TO MIDDLE JURASSIC (MID-BAJOCIAN) JIg-gd nn Victoria ( ( D ( ( ( (

( D lJLm ( ( ( (( B granodiorite interior zone of Klootchlimmis Pluton ( (( ( ( ( ( lJLmf 6 45 (( (

D ( 00

50 lJLf 75 62 (( ( ( ( ( ( BONANZA GROUPP 2006-3 2006-2 ! ( lKL ( ( lJLLf ( ! ( 50° 24' (( ( ( (( ( (

A ( ( ( ( 55

84 ( ( ( ( ( ( ( 84 15 A ( ( Hettangian (or late Rhaetian) to Pliensbachian ! Gooding 201.9 (±2.9) Zr É O 55 ( JIpo (! 27

0 ( ((

0 ( ' 20 ( ( 25 4 Co ( ( 00 ((( ( Olympic

!Cove 60 D ( 52 ( D 8 (

lJLm 2 ( ( LEMARE LAKE VOLCANIC SUCCESSION (subdivided by lithotype) ! D 0 75 ( ( n 0 4 1

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0 0 TeetaTeeta 0 TeetaTeeta n 2 0 ( lJLm 0 0 0 ( 6 6 0 ( ! lJL

( e 0 ( ( E B 0 ! 25 4 0 l 0 lJLm ( Peninsula ! ( (

(((40 30 l 0 0 ( 45

Rowley 36 lJLm 8 0 ( ( ( JIgd-qmd MAP SYMBOLS ! 0 ! ( ( 0 43 (

E( 85 ( Undifferentiated basaltic to rhyolitic, mainly subaerial lava flows and pyroclastic rocks, including

( ( ( lJLm lJLm ( ( (

83 ( ( 44 ( ( 83 lJL Reefs D 45 (

( Ñ ( ( w ( ¡ ash-flow and rare airfall tuff and reworked equivalents, minor pillow lava, pillow breccia, hyaloclastite B

( 65 D (

( lJL ( lJLm ! lJLf (

47 ( L ((( ( ( PlutonPluton ! lJLx PlutonPluton

! 85 ! ( ( ( ( a ( ( and rare pyroclastic surge deposits, locally intercalated with marine to non-marine, volcanic Geological contact, defined ! ( (

25 D ¡ (

lJLs ( FFF ( ( k ( ( ( 40 ( D FFF (

lJLm e ( (

! ( ! 48 ( ( ( conglomeraate, sandstone, siltstone, mudstone, impure limestone and debris-flow deposits

( aaa ( lJLm lJLf ( ! ( 48 ( (( ( 34 ( ( ( k Geological contact, approximate

! ( ( ( 45 87 85 ( 40 uuu ( 30 ee ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ! r ( A lJLm ( ( llll ( ( C ! !332 ( lJLf llll ( ( ( (

eJeJ ( ( 64 (60 tttt 10 60 eJeJ Ñ ( ( ! A 80 Mainly rhyolitic or dacitic to rhyolitic lava flows and/or pyroclastic rocks, including flow and 82 ( ( ( ( Geological contact, inferred D lJLvs (( 82 lJLf Base Map Information (( 30 A( pyroclastic breccias, welded to non-welded crystal-lithic lapilli tuff and rare airfall tuff; may ( ( ( 66 ( ( ttt

( 45 ( K lJL llll

(( ( ( ( ( 2 llll Steeply dipping fault, defined

! e include thin interbedded sedimentary deposits and minor basaltic to andesitic lava flows ! ( 8 !

( i 0 uu Base map produced from digital TRIM (Terrain 50 ( 47 ( t 6 ( ( 49 ! lJLm ( h 4 0 0 ( 40 ( 80 0 0 aa Resource Inventory Management) 1:20 000-scale

( ( lJLs ( lJLf 65 0 lJLx ( Mount (

(! Ñ lJLx 70 FF ( Mainly basaltic to andesitic lava flows with minor intercalated volcaniclastic and Steeply dipping fault, approximate

( Ñ ! ( ( ( FF topographic database, British Columbia Ministry of

57 2

! ( ( ! lJL lJLm Pickering lJLm 0 f ( !lJLs ( ( ! sedimentary lithotypes similar to unit Lvs; locally includes minor pillow lava/breccia Ñ 60 0 ( 2 0 ( Environment, Lands and Parks. ( ( 1013 0 A( 25 35 81 OO''Connell Connell 8 (( 81 Steeply dipping fault, inferred !! ( w OO''Connell Connell ( 38 ( ( ¡

RESTLESS ( ( ( ( 00 !

! ( ( ( ( 10 6 ( ( North American Datum 1983 (NAD83). Universal

(( lJLf ! lJL $ $ $ ( 75 JIqdi-gd 0 Reverse fault, defined (teeth on upper plate)

( 0 a Transverse Mercator Projection (Zone 9). Elevation in

( R ( 4 t Mainly bimodal basaltic and rhyolitic lava flows and pyroclastic deposits with subordinate e ! i 70 D

v ( (( ( e lJLmf metres above mean sea level. Contour interval 100m.

77 e ( 50 T intercalated volcaniclastic and sedimentary lithotypes $ $ $

r Reverse fault, inferred (teeth on upper plate) !

lJLm 29 ( 45 ! (( (( 67

80( A 50 Mount

( ( ( A FF ¡ ( (( ( FF 1056

80 ( ( D ( ( ( f 80 Unconformity, defined A aa ( D

lJLvs ( ( 45 ! aa 58 lJL BIGHT PlutonPluton (( Clark Plagioclase-megacrystic basaltic to andesitic lava flows; locally intercalated with JIqdi-gd uu lJL (! (

55 ( 77 ( ( 22 lJLx

( ( llll 74 ( aphanitic and plagioclase-phyric flows Unconformity, approximate ! llll

A

( ( ( ( ttt A

35 30 ( lJLf ( ( 60 ttt ( ( ( 37 ( ( D ( !

! ( # 40 ( ( B (

( 67A ( 0 lJLmf (( w ( A w

( 0 ( ( ( w 62 lJLm 59 ( D Unconformity, inferred

( D A (

( 8 ( (

30 (lJLm ( 72 ( (

Ñ ( 65 (4 ! (Ñ( 4 A 60 Mainly basaltic to andesitic pillow breccias and hyaloclastite with minor intercalated N ! ( ( ( ! ( 75 ( ( 88 2 0 6 ( A

( ( ( ( ( ( ( 

79 0 0 0 ( ( 79

! ( 81 ( lJLmb ( ( ! 0 ( 0 ( (( ( 0 ( A ( ( epiclastic deposits; locally includes minor pillow lava

( A Thin (<40m) sliver of Quatsino limestone adjacent to fault 45! ( 60 72 31 ( ( ( ( 35 ( lJLf ( ! A(  N

( lJL ( ( B (( ( ( (

( ( ( ( 80 ( (

25 ( ( ( ( 72 ( M ( B( ( M ( # (

( ( (( ( (  Thin (<40m) unit of Quatsino limestone Approximate mean magnetic

( (( a 70 ( ( ( 43  ! ( A JIdi

18 ( ! ( ( (( 45 00 ( ( ( ( h ( 38 A

( ( ( ! 4 aa !

Kwakiutl ( ( ( (( ((((( (( ( lJLf ( 80 B a (( aa Mainly basaltic to andesitic volcanic breccia of epiclastic and pyroclastic origin, and declination 2005 for centre tt !

35 ( ( ( ( 54 ( ( 82 A A t tt lJL at base of Parson Bay Formation ( 87 t

( ( ( ( (( ( ( a ee

Point ( 54 Bu ( ( ( 58 Ñ ee lJLv variably reworked lithic-crystal tuff; locally includes fine-grained sedimentary interbeds of map area: 19 degrees

( 40 20 ! ( c 20 ( 44 ( ( ( ( lJLf ee ( k ¡ ( lJL ! 0 B ( 20 ! Limit of mapping !

78  ! ( ( 62 TT 78 34 70 ( ( TT 30 40 minutes east, decreasing ( A

( ! ( ( ( ( 26 ( Magnetic 45 ( ( ( C ( ( ( 30

 ( ( ( ( 2 ! annually 12 minutes per year 34 ( ( r ( B ( (

! ( ( ee Declination

 ( ( lJL ( ! ( k ( lJLm Mainly sedimentary strata including impure limestone, calcareous to non-calcareous Bedding, facing known, inclined, vertical

( ! B ( Carter 1125 ! ! # ( ( ( 4 ( 14

( ( ( ( 67 w 68 4 15 k lJLs 40  ( ( ( ( e mudstone, shale, siltstone, sandstone and tuffaceous equivalents; may include 10 ( 30 ( ( ! ( (

( ( lJLm 70 ( 80 ( Peakf !( re

( 35 ( ( ( ( (! ( 80 ( C Volcanic flow lamination, inclined, vertical

!  ( ( ! ( ( minor intercalated volcaniclastic breccia

( lJLm ( 50 ( ( ( ( ( 0 D30 E ! lJLm ! ( 4 ( 74 uTrP 2 (( ( 00 ( (

( ( ! Keefe! RR lJLv lJLv ( 0 ( ( 50 RR w 80 ( ( 1

77 ( ( 2 0 ( ( ( w ( ( ( 77

0 35 5 ( D ( ( w 85 ( # lJLm Volcanic lamination/welding, inclined 0 75 eee ! ( ( ( (

Island 56 eee ( ( ( ( 12 lJLvs Interbedded volcaniclastic and sedimentary strata; includes lithic and crystal-lithic 65 ! ( ( ¡ 2 ( (

( !Ñ ( dd 4 ( (

40 ( TlN(C) dd 28 ( ( ( 45 (( (( 75 lJLvs !

Restless 66 A lapilli tuff and reworked equivalents, pyroclastic and epiclastic volcanic breccia,

( Ñ(( Mayday 38 ( ( 72 (

! ( ( ((( ( 2 Plutonic flow lamination, inclined, vertical 682 ( ! ( ( JIdi f ( ( 2 0 ( ( (( lJL TlN(?C) A sandstone, siltstone, mudstone, impure limestone, and minor debris-flow and > ? ( ( TlN(?C) lJLm ! 60 ( (( ( ( se

( Island ( 00 yu 64

( Mountaino uTrP 20 A ( C 8 38 Ca

 49 ( ( ! r ( phreatomagmatic deposits; may include minor lava flows Selected References

(  ( ( lJLm 80 ( 80 80 ee ( (( Dike, inclined, vertical

! ( (( ( w( 81 k ( ( ! ( B

lJLm ! B ! ! A B ( lJLm( ( (

( 0 ( A ( ( 27 B ( 76 ( ( 40 ( ! ( ( ((

lJLm ( ( 45 23 A (( ( 76 184d Half ( 55 73 ( ( Jeleetsky, J. A. (1976): Mesozoic and ?Tertiary Rocks of Quatsino d SIDE 85 ! Minor fold with plunge

( !( ! Mount ( 40 ( KlaskishKlaskish 50 0 lJLv ( ! 0 lJLm? 2

( ( 2 ( 40 ( Rhaetian to Hettangian  Sound, Vancouver Island, British Columbia; Geological Survey of 4 ! ( 17

Moon ( 40 ( ( 60 966 ( ! (( (( ( (( ( f A (

( ( ( KK 20 ( ( ( 60A 85 Canada, Bulletin 242, 243 pages Lawn lJLvs ! (Red Stripe 40 llaa ( ! ( ( MPKgd 5.4 (±0.1) Zr Minor fold with dip of axial plane

A83 ( ( 2 aa Kotzebue A39 0 Islets ( ( ( ss ( 176d ( 0 ( VOLCANICLASTIC-SEDIMENTARY UNIT

d 

( kk 68 w 6 Point uTrP 30 Mountain ( kkii ( lJLs w (( 17 ii !

20 uTrP 18 iinnoo ( 78 ! 20 55 70 É( Muller, J. E. and Roddick, J. A. (1983): Alert Bay - Cape Scott;

( BAY ( TmlN 70 ( ! lJLm oo lJLm (71 (

TmlN  4 ! !62 ( ( 266 Lineation, inclined (slickenfibres on fault plane) 60 © 8 ( ( ( Geological Survey of Canada, Map 1552A, scale 1:250 000. ( ! A 0 22  35 E f K 40 ( 0 ( ( Interbedded volcaniclastic and lesser sedimentary strata (predominantly submarine): 75 6439 ( ( (( 75 ! C Rugged ( 23  Langsdorff L d (

38 N 35 A lJLm ( TrJBvs buff to grey-green, thin to very thickly bedded, calcareous to non-calcareous, volcanic Lineation, horizontal (slickenfibres on fault plane) A ( ( TlN(lS) ( S ( (

! (  Point K ( ( 0 Muller, J. E., Northcote, K. E. and Carlisle, D. (1974): Geology w ( 44 R Islands ( Ñ ( ( ( uTrP I ( w ( ( 0 T Ñ ( ( A 35 N uTrP 35 ( 4 lJL breccia, lithic and feldspathic wacke, siltstone and limestone, locally coralline; lithic-crystal N 45 O ( TIN and mineral deposits of Alert Bay - Cape Scott map area,

Ñ© w ! ( 144d 6 ( PlutonPluton E Ñ uTrP ( ! d 0 ( PlutonPluton Ñ lJLm lJLm( 82 ( ( 40 0 (( tuff, lapilli tuff and reworked equivalents; and minor vitric tuff, pebbly sandstone, siltstone, Ñ Macrofossil locality (age code as below) Vancouver Island, British Columbia; Geological Survey of TeN(K) ! ( ( 40 0 ( ( ( Ñ 47 53 ! ( ( Canada, Paper 74-8, 77 pages g lJLm ( ( ( ( ek and volcaniclastic debris-flow deposits; organic-rich facies include carbonaceous shale, TlC Ñ w 50 ( 200 ( 191 e TlC(W) N ! I uTrP ( ( r ( ( Yaky ! N ((d ( ( ( C mudstone, siltstone and limestone, locally coralline Ñ GSC Macrofossil locality (age code as below) 74 O ( Ñ !TlN(C) ! 45 L d ( ( 74

T TlC(W) ( TemTemN (( 40 E ( TlC(W) ( 30 TemTemN Ö (( ! lJLm ( ( ( 202.2 (±0.9) Zr l

W ( Kop !( (((( 35 ( T ( (( (( ia

E ! TlClClC ( ( ( ( w( r ( (( n TC D ( ( ( ( !

N TlC(Di) © ( ( 47 ( ( ( ive ( ( o Mocino ( ( 40 ( (( R ( ( l Conodont locality (age code as below)

( ( ! 28 ( 18 ( ( o ( Carnian to Rhaetian or possibly earliest Hettangian ©

uTrKf (( 63 Cone ( ( ( FF 90 TemN ! 58 lltt (( ( ( C ( ( ( 12! 54 aa (( uu (( ( B 72 21 ( TlNA aa uu ( ( TlN aa aa ( ( D Steele Point ( ( ! uu ( ( FFaa ((( ( (( 21 TeN ( 45 ( ( © A uu ( FF ((( ( 76 (É ( D (! (JIgb( 45 ll ( ( ( ( ( É A IJLm ( ( ( tt T  lJLm ! ( PARSON BAY FORMATION ( ( 40 Ö 60 (( ( ! 45 ( © GSC Conodont locality (age code as below) ! 13 ( ( ! ( ( 50° 18' ( B ( Ñ (( d ( ( ( 73 ( ( ( ( 73 SS JIgb ( ( 40 !(( TlC ( ! lJLm Reefs Anchorage SS ! ( ©© 237 ( ( h ( 82 ( Medium grey to black, laminated to medium bedded impure limestone, calcareous T SCOULER tt (( 44 is ( ( ( 77 52 ttrr ( TC k A uTrP Ö Radiolarian locality (age code as below) Island ( rriii (( ((( ( w TC ( ( ( s to non-calcareous mudstone, siltstone, and shale, locally intercalated with minor Ö

iii ! ( a (D iiipp l pp TrJBvs JIgb ( ( ( K lJLm A ( ( ee ( ( ( ( grey-green lithicl wacke, feldspathic wacke, lithic, crystal and vitric tuff and reworked 50° 18' ( 200 ( ENTRANCE 552 ( 00 ( MiMorris D ( hh 2 265d equiltivalents and vo lcan ic las tic brecc ia, an d rare pe bbly san ds tone, cong lomera te an d FilditiFossil age designation ss 0 45 400 ( iiiss 0 Rocks (  kk 4 lJL debris-flow deposits; calcareous facies locally contain colonial coral horizons; shale locally ( ( ( ( lJLm uTrP kk ( T Late Triassic; J Jurassic; K Cretaceous

72 ( ( ( w ss ( 182d 72 ( ((( 45 54 lJLm aa ( (( 332 d contains abuundant bivalves

( lll ( (((( ( (( d ( ( (( (

! KK ( ( e early; m middle; l late ! T ((((( KK (( ( 0 (

(  T 60 ( ( ( ( ( ( ( Data Compilation ( ! lJLm ( 20 © 0 Late Triassic: C Carnian; N Norian; R Rhaetian 0 ( ( ( Volcanic lithotypes within the Parson Bay Formation: mainly aphanitic to clinopyroxene- ( 6 ( (

Heater 45 ( (( ( ((( uTrPv

(( !70 ( ( (( ( ( ( (( ( plagioclase-phyric, basaltic waterlain breccia and tuff; includes lithic tuff and tuff-breccia 50! lJLm ( 333 Jurassic: Point ( ( 25 ! ( ( S Sinemurian; P Pliensbachian G. T. Nixon, M. C. Kelman, K. A. Johnston ( © ( (( d 71 ( (© TlC 71 of phreatomagmatic origin; minor pillow lava and hyaloclastite; and rare subaerial flows; ( ( (( FF 68 lJLm Cretaceous: H Hauterivian; B Barremian and R. D. M. Rayner uTrP ( locally interbedded with lithic wacke and typical Parson Bay sedimentary rock types aa 0 70 ( uu 0 ! ( uu 8

lJLm ! 5570000N lll 32 ! 50 Ammonoid Zones: (Di) Dilleri; (W) Welleri; (K) Kerri; tt (( 62 (Not Mapped) ( ( w( 58 ! ( UPPER TRIASSIC (R) Rutherfordi; (C) Cordilleranus; (S) Suessi ! ( 0 ( (( (© TC?l (( ((( 0 4 d 70 ! d 0 001 l lower ( 0 VANCOUVER GROOUP ( 6 Digital Cartography !

5570000N lJLm? 228d (no label indicates age indeterminate) 57 lJLm 331 Carnian to Early Norian

! d 00

32 lJLmb 8 G. T. Nixon and R. D. M. Rayner 45 ( w Plagioclase-megacrystic Karmutsen basalt ( 0 QUATSINO FORMATION (( ( lJLm 00 69 ( ! 1 69 Medium to pale grey, thinly bedded to massive micritic limestone and locally bioclastic w Plagioclase-megacrystic basalt/andesite, LeMare Lake Volcanic Succession lJLm n 6 uTrP i uTrQ 0 s limestone; minor silica replacements and chert nodules; rare laminated interbeds, oolitic 0 a B 4 ( layers and algal structures; locally fossiliferous; unit is very thin (<40m) on the West Coast 0 258 JIdi 002 g Thin (<10m) lens of grey intra-Karmutsen limestone BROOKS 0 330d 2 d 0 lJLm 0 h d intercalated with basalt near the top of the succession is k Carnian (possibly latest Middle Triassic at the base) 160 (±1.4) Bi 68 s 68 ( la 40 39 d K KARMUTSEN FORMATION . Ar/ Ar date (Ma, 2 sigma error); Bi, biotite lJLm 257 Gould 334 167.4 (±1.1) Zr d Aphanitic too plagioclase-phyric and locally plagioclase-megacrystic basaltic lava flows, É U-Pb zircon date (Ma, 2 sigma error) Hughes Rock ( uTrKf commonly amygdaloidal; predominantly subaerial flows in the upper part of the 67 D 251 67 Rock succession; may include minor pillow lava, pillow breccia and hyaloclastite d MINFILE Locality Sapir 60 d 042 Recommended Citation Point w Shields 0 0 2 BAY Bonner KLASKISH 0 Outcrop Examined Cone 0 60 ( 4 Nixon, G. T., Hammack, J. L., Hamilton, J. V., Jennings, H., Larocque, J. P., Islet D 128° 00' 127° 48' INLET 0 127° 36' Friedman, R. M., Archibald, D. A., Orchard, M. J., Haggart, J. W., Tipper, H. W., 60 Outcrop too small to show at map scale 66 66 Tozer, T. and Cordey, F. (2009): Geology of the Mahatta Creek Area, 7071 72 73 74 575000E767778 79 80 81 82 83 84868785 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 9899 600 01 02 03 04 605000E 06 Road (dirt) Northern Vancouver Island; B.C. Ministry of Energy, Mines and Petroleum Resources, Geoscience Map 2006-4.