November 6, 2003 Official Commemoration of the Twentieth Anniversary of the

National Endowment for Democracy 20th Anniversary 1983–2003

November 6, 2003

Official Commemoration of the Twentieth Anniversary of the National Endowment for Democracy

Welcoming Remarks Vin Weber Chairman, National Endowment for Democracy

Remarks by Congressional Leaders

Keynote Address George W. Bush President of the United States

Closing Remarks Carl Gershman President, National Endowment for Democracy 20th Anniversary 1983–2003 20th Anniversary 1983–2003

Throughout these years, the political support for the NED in meet some of these activists to appreciate how mistaken this Twentieth Anniversary Message the U.S. Congress, and its stature at home and abroad, con- point of view happens to be, and how disrespectful it is of tinued to grow. The NED has many people to thank for this. the democratic aspirations of non-Western peoples. The n the twenty years since the National Endowment for During these years the NED adapted its work to the chang- They include officials in both Republican and Democratic efforts by the NED and others to advance democracy would Democracy (NED) was established, the world has been ing political conditions, looking always to remain at the cut- administrations — above all President Ronald Reagan, be futile if there were not a hunger for democracy where it I transformed twice over. First came the fall of the Berlin ting edge of democratic struggle and to play a catalytic role whose Westminster Address launched the whole effort — doesn’t exist, and a determination among the least powerful Wall and the collapse of communism, marking the end of within an expanding democratic movement. Though an who supported the NED and respected its independence; in developing countries to use the instruments of democracy the Cold War and the beginning of a new era of economic infant organization in the 1980s, when the “third wave” of Members of Congress who believed in the NED and fought to defend their interests and to expand the horizons of globalization and sweeping technological change. Then, with democratization was gathering strength, the NED was able to defend it when it was a controversial new idea under human freedom and social justice. devastating swiftness, the terrorist attacks of September 11, to engage with the major democratic forces of the period, attack from many quarters; the members of the NED’s presti- 2001 overturned the world once again, setting in motion the aiding the Polish Solidarity movement and dissidents in the gious and politically balanced Board who have served out of Some of the NED founders — Dante Fascell, Lane Kirkland, war against global terrorism and ushering in a new era dom- communist world as well as the peaceful struggles against devotion to the NED’s mission, providing leadership, credi- Al Shanker, and Louis Martin — are no longer with us. But inated by concern for homeland security. apartheid in South Africa and against dictatorship in the bility, and guidance; the boards and the staffs of the NED’s they and others, such as the late Walt Raymond, left us with Philippines, Chile, Nicaragua, and many others countries. In four party, business, and labor core institutes who have an institution that continues to advance their democratic Throughout all of these tumultuous changes, one thing that the 1990s the NED expanded its grants program to every developed and implemented global programs, advancing ideals and that embodies in the finest way the American remained constant was the importance of the NED’s mission part of the world and also launched two far-reaching initia- NED’s work and standing in scores of countries; and the belief in self-government and the dignity of every individual. of advancing and strengthening democracy. As events tives: The International Forum for Democratic Studies which NED’s own staff, who have brought immense expertise and It is in that spirit that we celebrate a milestone for the NED evolved, this mission also became a lodestar for growing publishes the Journal of Democracy and links the democracy devotion to the work of the NED and who are admired by and affirm our belief in the capacity of people everywhere to numbers of people in the policy community and the broader research and practitioner communities; and the World democratic activists throughout the world. achieve the blessings of democracy. public. It guided the United States in the steady pursuit of Movement for Democracy, which promotes solidarity and its national interests, and countries around the world cooperation among democratic movements throughout the Ultimately, of course, it is these activists who are most increasingly came to view the promotion of democracy as world. And in the aftermath of 9/11, the NED dramatically responsible for whatever success the NED has enjoyed. The

the key to achieving economic development, human securi- expanded its work in the Arab Middle East and in the NED idea and program would not work and find such reso- Vin Weber, Chairman, ty, and enduring peace. As a consequence, democracy pro- Muslim world generally, aiding movements pressing for nance abroad if there were not people around the world, in National Endowment for Democracy motion became an expanding field of international activity political liberalization, accountable government, economic vastly different political and economic circumstances, who involving public, private, and multilateral institutions. modernization, increased women’s participation, and an end believe in democracy and who have the courage and will to to the political abuse of religion. fight for it. Anyone who thinks that democracy is an idea or system suitable only for people in the West — the United Carl Gershman, President, States, Europe, and a few other countries — needs only to National Endowment for Democracy

Twenty year timeline CIPE and NED have stood with us for 20 years, and their continuing support today The following timeline is an attempt to illustrate a few highlights of the impact of NED and its many grantees over the past two decades. NED and allows us to share our successes with other its four core institutes — The American Center for International Labor 2/9–Konstantin U. 5/11–José Napoleón 10/31–Indian prime countries in transition. 1983 1984 Chernenko, 72, Duarte, elected presi- minister Indira —Hernando de Soto, Solidarity (ACILS) and its predecessor the Free Trade Union Institute (FTUI), WORLD EVENT WORLD EVENT named Soviet leader. dent of El Salvador. Gandhi assassinated. President, Institute for Liberty and Democracy, Lima, Peru the Center for International Private Enterprise (CIPE), the International NED EVENT 11/18–The National 11/23–The National NED EVENT China Perspective, Professors Seymour Martin Centros de Estudios Through CIPE, NED helps the Intstituto Libertad y Republican Institute (IRI) and the National Democratic Institute for Endowment for Endowment for Inc. publishes the Lipset, Larry Diamond and Politicos (CEDEP), a Democracy is privately Democracy Act Chinese Intellectual, a Juan Linz undertake NED’s nonpartisan Guatemalan Democracia (ILD), headed by International Affairs (NDI) — have assisted literally thousands of grass- incorporated as a not- becomes law. journal providing a forum first scholarly research project, think-tank, provides a Hernando de Soto, carry out its for-profit organization for free discussion of Democracy in Developing forum for political and ground-breaking research on roots organizations in more than ninety countries. This timeline leaves out in Washington, DC. issues related to demo- Nations. The two-year study private sector leaders to the Peruvian informal sector, which leads to significant many important programs, and cannot adequately convey the long-term cratic values and the is the first comparative effort discuss policy issues, future of China and is to focus on democracy in the with an aim to promote deregulation in Peru, later emu- commitment that has helped sustain our democratic allies in so many situ- the first of many Chinese Third World in a comprehen- democracy and solve lated by many other countries. reform publications to sive manner, and becomes the political and economic ations. Nonetheless, it does provide a glimpse of NED’s efforts to assist all receive NED support. catalyst for all of NED’s subse- problems in Guatemala. those aspiring to the universal values of freedom and democracy. quent scholarly activities. 20th Anniversary 1983–2003 20th Anniversary 1983–2003

3/11–Soviet leader Chernenko 11/19–Reagan and dies and is replaced by Gorbachev meet at summit 2/25–Opposition leader 5/1–Over 5 million Mikhail Gorbachev, who initi- in Geneva. They both agree Corazon Aquino is black South 1984 1985 ates a program of reform and to step up arms control talks 1986 elected President of Africans strike to WORLD EVENT WORLD EVENT liberalization. and renew cultural contacts. WORLD EVENT the Philippines. protest apartheid. NED EVENT NED supports Conciencia, an The Free Trade Union Institute (FTUI) The Andrei Sakharov NED EVENT NED assists the independ- NED EVENT In the Philippines, NED supports important In Chile, urgently Argentinean women’s organization sim- provides direct assistance to the independ- Institute studies how to ent Nicaraguan daily efforts by NDI and FTUI to monitor the needed support is pro- ilar to the US League of Women Voters, ent Solidarity trade union movement for encourage greater open- newspaper, La Prensa, February elections, reporting on fraud and vided by NED to a in their efforts to prepare the Argentine independent education, publishing, and ness and pluralism in through the purchase of intimidation and fielding thousands of election broad range of political public for the return to democratic rule. human rights groups inside Poland. This is one closed societies, particu- printing supplies without monitors through cooperation with the Trade and social forces work- Highly successful, Conciencia goes on of many programs in 1984 assisting Polish democ- larly in the Soviet Union. which the paper would Union Congress of the Philippines. CIPE ing for a peaceful tran- to found branches in several other Latin rats — a primary focus of NED’s early grants. have been forced to stop also works to fight corruption and strengthen sition to democracy. American countries. publication. business associations througout the country. 20th Anniversary 1983–2003 20th Anniversary 1983–2003

Original sponsors of this legislation include U.S. Senators: e are pleased to send greetings to the National Endowment for Democracy on the occasion of its Richard Lugar, Joseph R. Biden Jr., Thomas A. Daschle, William W 20th Anniversary. Frist, Bob Graham, Chuck Hagel, Orrin Hatch, Jon Kyl, Patrick J. Leahy, Carl Levin, John McCain, Mitch McConnell, Paul Sarbanes, The democracy-building programs carried out by the Evan Bayh, and U.S. Representatives: Henry Hyde, Doug Bereuter, Endowment and its core Institutes have made significant Howard L. Berman, Benjamin L. Cardin, Steve Chabot, Christopher contributions to the efforts of democratic activists to achieve Cox, Joseph Crowley, Lincoln Diaz-Balart, David Dreier, Eliot L. freedom and self-governance around the world. Engel, Elton Gallegly, Mark Green, Amo Houghton, Patrick J. Kennedy, Jack Kingston, Mark S. Kirk, Tom Lantos, Nita M. Lowey, We are proud that congressional support has helped fulfill the Gregory W. Meeks, Robert Menendez, Grace F. Napolitano, Donald vision of NED’s founders and wish you all continued success. M. Payne, Joseph R. Pitts, Dana Rohrabacher, Ileana Ros-Lehtinen, Edward R. Royce, Christopher H. Smith, Gary L. Ackerman. Hon. Dennis Hastert Hon. William Frist Hon. Nancy Pelosi Hon. Tom Daschle

8/8–Student protests 3/21–Leaders of 10/5–Chile’s citi- Nicaragua’s against Burma’s dictator Polish workers strike for zens say “NO” in a Sandinistas and are put down by force leav- three weeks in August, Contra rebels begin ing thousands dead; many demanding the return of plebiscite to 1987 2/11–New Philippines constitution 1988 implementing a 1987 more civilians are slain in the outlawed Solidarity extend the rule of WORLD EVENT goes into effect. WORLD EVENT peace plan. an ensuing crackdown. organization. Augusto Pinochet. NED EVENT NED supports the Institute for a The Sudan Times, an The International Rescue NED convenes The New York based Charter Seventy- NED EVENT Scores of independent Chilean groups and NED’s four In Poland, the broad Democratic Alternative for independent English- Committee uses a $1 million grant, its first World Center for seven Foundation core institutes use NED support for a massive civic educa- Solidarity social move- South Africa (IDASA), a language newspaper, specially appropriated by the US con- Conference in Democracy, led by provides technical tion effort that includes a broad spectrum of think tanks, ment continues to receive research center that seeks to uses NED funds to gress, to provide medical supplies, Washington, DC. former dissidents con- assistance to encour- independent publishing, trade unions, political parties, NED support for a wide ducts programs improve communication and purchase supplies ambulances, medicine, and provides age free speech and cooperatives and youth leadership training in advance of range of activities. President Reagan prepares for a trip to Moscow by encouraging democra- understanding between white essential to its contin- other humanitarian services for the communication in the 1988 presidential plebiscite. Technical assistance is meeting with Soviet dissidents and, among others, cy in the Soviet Union. and black communities. ued publication. Polish Solidarity Movement. Czechoslovakia. also provided for voter registration, and opinion polling. NED President Carl Gershman. 20th Anniversary 1983–2003 20th Anniversary 1983–2003

6/4–Chinese troops 8/18–Poland ends 40 years 5/7–Panamanian voters oust 5/14–Argentina elects massacre hundreds of Communist rule when 11/7–The Communist gov- 11/17–12/29–The “Velvet 12/21–Romanian dicta- 1/3–Gen. Manuel Noriega in free elections, Carlos Menem president of prodemocracy Party candidates are 9/11–Patricio Aylwin elected ernment of East Germany Revolution” in Czechoslovakia tor Nicolae Ceausescu Nicaragua ends ten- Manuel Noriega 1989 but Noriega ignores the election in the first peaceful trans- protesters in defeated by Solidarity in President of Chile, ending the 26- collapses, on November 9, concludes with the ascension of falls and on 12/22 is year civil war and pre- 1990 surrenders in WORLD EVENT results and retains power. fer of power. Tiananmen Square. parlaimentary elections. year rule of Augusto Pinochet. the the Berlin Wall falls. Vaclav Havel to the presidency. executed with his wife. pares for elections. WORLD EVENT Panama. NED EVENT Scores of independent groups and NED’s four core institutes The National Civic The Documentation Center for the NED, through the NED EVENT NED launches conduct a wide range of activities supporting the democratic opposi- Crusade for Panama Promotion of Czechoslovak Literature International Rescue the Journal tion in Nicaragua in preparation for the 1990 elections. The four strengthens its local grass- in West Germany maintains an archive of Committee, provides A July 9, 1988 meeting on the border at of Democracy. institutes support business organizations, labor unions and 14 opposi- roots network and pro- samizdat literature and provides assistance nearly $2.5 million to Kotlin-Klodzkeij between democratic tion parties to carry out programs of civic education, voter registra- motes mass participation in to independent scholars and writers in Polish Solidarity for a activists from Poland and Czechosloavkia, tion, election monitoring and observation, get out the vote drives, pol- the May elections. Czechoslovakia. wide range of activities including Vaclav Havel and Jacek Kuron. icy analysis and independent media. and institutional support. The sign in the background reads, “Crossing Forbidden/state border.” 20th Anniversary 1983–2003 20th Anniversary 1983–2003

7/10–Boris N. 5/20–The first Yeltsin inaugu- 5/27–Elections Held in Burma. The post-Communist rated as first National League of Democracy wins presidential and freely elected 1/22–Yugoslav 2/11–Nelson Mandela 4/25–Violeta Barrios de 80% of the parliamentary seats; the parliamentary 7/28–Alberto 10/3–East and 12/9–Lech Walesa 6/5–South African president of 1990 Communists end 2/7–Soviet Communists released after 27 years Chamorro inaugurated as military regime ignores the results and elections are Fujimori elected 8/2–Iraqi troops West Germany wins Poland’s runoff 1991 Parliament repeals 7/1–Warsaw Russian WORLD EVENT 45-year rule. relinquish sole power. in prison. Nicaraguan president. begins arresting members of the NLD. held in Romania. president of Peru. invade Kuwait. reunited. presidential election. WORLD EVENT apartheid laws. Pact dissolved. Republic. NED EVENT The Civil Liberties Foundation for Human The Association of Social The Civic Forum and the Freedom House provides a USSR Memorial Society, NED EVENT NED supports In Yugoslavia, Radio Organization uses NED Rights and Democracy in Studies and Research Public Against printing press to the independent establishes a database and Mouvement B 92, an independent support to investigate China collects and dissemi- conducts a mass media Violence educate newspaper Romania Libera, in information network that Burkinabe des radio station in and document Nigeria’s nates information concerning voter education and get-out- and engage Czech Romania, and NED helps the will systematically docu- Droits de l’Hommes Belgrade, purchases a human rights record. human rights abuses in China. the-vote campaign in and Slovak citi- Romanian journal Agora and the ment human rights viola- et des Peuples to transmitter and other Guatemala. zens in the politi- Group for Social Dialogue tions in the Soviet Union. promote human rights equipment to increase cal process lead- establish a Center for Democratic education and advo- its broadcasting range. ing to the national Studies in Romania. cacy in Burkina Faso. elections.

8/18–Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev is put under house 3/1–After a majority of arrest while he was vacation- Muslim and Croatian ing in the Crimea. The coup, 9/6–The Soviet 10/23–Paris Peace Peruvian President 1/15–The Federal Socialist communities vote for led by eight high-ranking Union recognizes the 12/25–Gorbachev Accord signed, end- Fujimori dissolves Republic of Yugoslavia ceas- Bosnian independence, 1991 hard-liners, collapses in less independence of the resigns. Soviet 1992 ing the civil war in Peruvian Congress, sus- es to exist. Slovenia and Bosnian Serb snipers 3/3–Bosnia and Herzegovina WORLD EVENT than 72 hours. Baltic States. Union dissolves. WORLD EVENT Cambodia. pends the constitution. Croatia gain independence. fire on civilians. secede from Yugoslavia. NED EVENT The Popular FTUI provides essential NED EVENT The Soweto Civic Association The Democratic Alliance of NED makes its first grant to Harry The Institute for Democracy Movement of Ukraine support for the newly organizes the residents of Soweto Burma, an umbrella organiza- Wu’s Laogai Research in Eastern Europe establish- (Rukh) purchases emerging independent to engage in negotiations for the tion of pro-democratic groups, Foundation to create a database es Centers for Pluralism in equipment to establish trade unions throughout restructuring of local government provides education and train- to store and track information Poland, Hungary, Czech and an independent publish- former Soviet Union. in South Africa. ing to Burmese citizens on the- about Chinese forced labor (laogai) Slovak Federal Republics, ing facility. ory and application of nonvio- prison camps, interview former Bulgaria, Romania, and lent struggle. prisoners, and publish and trans- Ukraine, providing forums for late materials into Chinese for dis- communication and open semination in China. debate of ideas.

9/9–Yitzhak Rabin and 4/6–Rwandan genocide 4/29–Nelson Mandela elect- 12/11–Russians 1/1–Czechoslovakia divides 1/26–Vaclav 11/18–South Africa Yasir Arafat meet in 1/5–6–Serbs’ of Tutsis by Hutus ed president, after attack seces- 1993 and establishes the Slovak Havel elected adopts majority rule Washington to sign 1994 heavy weapons begins; at least 500,000 South Africa holds first inter- sionist Republic WORLD EVENT Republic and Czech Republic. Czech president. constitution. the Oslo Accords. WORLD EVENT pound Sarajevo. slaughtered in 100 days. racial national election. of Chechnya. NED EVENT The Democratic Voice of CIPE establishes a NED support enables the NDI and IRI organize The Ibn Khaldoun Center for NED EVENT NED establishes its NED supports the reestablishment of the The Civic Alliance, a Bosnia’s most important daily inde- CIPE works with the Burma (DVB), a radio program business information newspaper Svaboda, one of foreign and local elec- Development Studies, headed by research arm, the Associaition Rwandaise pour la coalition of over 400 civic pendent newspaper, Oslobodjenje, Chinese Economist taped in Bangkok and the border center in Egypt, dis- the few independent sources tion observers in the Egyptian intellectual Saad Eddin International Defense des Droits de la Personne et associations in Mexico, continues printing in Sarajevo Society to strengthen areas of Burma, is broadcast seminating its materi- of information in Belarus, to first major post-Soviet Ibrahim, publishes its newsletter Forum for des Libertes Publiques, which conducts conducts an extensive through the purchase of newsprint public understanding of from Norway, under the direc- als to opinion leaders. expand publication. election in Russia (the Civil Society, addressing democrat- Democratic inquires into genocide in Rwanda, docu- election monitoring pro- and oil to run its generator and market-economy soci- tion of the National Coalition April Referendum). ic development in the Arab world. Studies. ments human rights abuses, and develops gram for the August 1994 Sarajevo’s only independent radio eties by publishing a Government of the Union of strategies to encourage repatriation, presidential election. station, Radio Zid, continues broad- series of 14 books. Burma and the Democratic greater human rights protection, and fair casting news and information with Alliance of Burma. conduct of the war crimes tribunal. NED support. 20th Anniversary 1983–2003 20th Anniversary 1983–2003

10/13–Ethnic violence 12/29–Guatemala and 2/4–After at first contesting 5/25–A military coup 11/10–Ken Saro- breaks out in Zairian leaders of Guatemalan the results, Serbian in Sierra Leone Elections held in 10/5–Warring Wiwa and eight 12/14–Combatants refugee camps; thou- National Revolutionary President Slobodan replaces President Peru, Argentina, parties sign a other minority rights sign Dayton Peace 5/27–Russian President Yeltsin meets sands of refugees from Union sign a peace Milosevic recognizes oppo- Ahmad Tejan Kabbah 1995 Guatemala, Haiti, ceasefire in advocates are exe- Accord on Bosnia- 1996 with Chechen rebels for the first time Rwanda and Burundi accord that ends a 36- 1997 sition victories in the with Major Johnny WORLD EVENT and Venezuela. Bosnia. cuted in Nigeria. Herzegovina. WORLD EVENT and negotiates a cease-fire. abandon camps. year civil war. WORLD EVENT November 1996 elections. Paul Koromah. NED EVENT The Khmer Student Transparencia works A NED grant enables the NED EVENT Campaign for Democracy The independent Burmese newspa- Sisterhood is Global FTUI supports NED EVENT The Press Union NDI monitors the Association’s multifac- for a fair and a trans- leading Russian Human strengthens its organizational struc- per New Era Journal provides Institute completes the Nezavisnost, an inde- of Liberia pre- development of eted program increases parent presidential rights newspaper, Express tures, and conducts a massive civic extensive and accurate information first phase of a project pendent trade union pares journalists Hong Kong’s student exposure to election in Peru. Chronicle, to resume pub- education program through press about Burma’s democracy move- to produce a manual for confederation that is a for July elections. “postreversion” democratic principles in lication, providing impor- conferences, leaflets, and its news- ment. The paper is published by use in women’s human cornerstone of demo- election process. Cambodia. tant independent coverage paper Democracy Echo in Nigeria. exiled journalists and editors and rights education in the cratic opposition in of the war in Chechnya. smuggled into the country. Muslim world. Serbia-Montenegro. 20th Anniversary 1983–2003 20th Anniversary 1983–2003

he occasion of the twentieth anniversary of the National hope also for the opposition elsewhere in the world. The am delighted to extend my good wishes to the National n Hong Kong and elsewhere in Asia and around the world, TEndowment for Democracy inspires me to a short per- support of brave people such as my friend Aung San Suu IEndowment for Democracy on the auspicious occasion of Ithe struggle to establish or preserve democracy, political sonal reflection. Kyi in Burma or Oswaldo Payá Sardiñas in Cuba, the its 20th anniversary. We in Taiwan have been pleased to be freedom and the rule of law is far from being won. But NED strengthening of democratic forces in Afghanistan, Iraq, and associated with NED and hold it in the highest esteem for has played an important role in supporting Hong Kong’s quest At the time when the endowment was established we in the Middle East — all these efforts are absolutely essential the important work it has done to promote democracy for democracy. By supporting key human rights organizations, Prague were living deep beyond the Iron Curtain. I remember for the spread of freedom and democracy, as well as stability around the world. I fully expect that the excellent coopera- which work for the development of democracy and the very well how important the moral and material support from and prosperity in the present-day world. It is also for these tive relationship between the NED and the new Taiwan preservation of the rule of law and human rights in Hong democratic countries was for Charter 77 or for the Polish reasons that the National Endowment for Democracy Foundation for Democracy will continue to flourish long Kong, the Endowment’s work has had a profoundly important Solidarity movement. Without it our ability to resist the com- deservedly symbolizes the American commitment to support into the future. effect at a critical time. The National Endowment for munist regime would certainly have been diminished. freedom and democracy in the world. Democracy is indeed indispensable in a world where democ- Chen Shui-bian, President racy and freedom are not entrenched and where — to cite the This year fourteen years will have passed since the fall of the I congratulate you on the twentieth anniversary of the estab- Republic of China on Taiwan example of Hong Kong — even deep-rooted human rights Berlin Wall, the victory of the velvet revolution in lishment of your organization and thank you for all the good can be wiped out by fiat. Czechoslovakia, and the electoral victory of the Solidarity that you have already accomplished for democracy around movement in Poland. Our society embarked on the compli- the world, and, as I believe, you will still accomplish. oday, Mali knows a calm democratic life, an active civil Martin Lee, Leader cated path of transformation. Even in this period the variety Tsociety, and a dynamic private sector, and has under- Democratic Party of Hong Kong of grants and transferred know-how provided essential sup- Thank you! gone an exemplary decentralization process. port to our young democracy. Václav Havel All of these accomplishments have benefited from the active n the occasion of the 20th anniversary of the National I therefore believe that my personal experience attests to the contributions of NED and CIPE since 1991. OEndowment for Democracy and the Center for necessity of organizations such as the National Endowment he National Endowment for Democracy furthers the International Private Enterprise, please allow me to address for Democracy. What I have in mind is especially the sup- “Tgoals of your great nation and has provided moral I would like to thank them and present my best wishes on to you my warmest congratulations for a constant, efficient, port of dissidents, journalists, and freethinking students in and substantive support for oppressed peoples everywhere. this occasion of their 20th anniversary. and generous activity in support of democracy worldwide. societies that still remain closed (e.g., North Korea, Vietnam, Its unique independent mission has brought information My congratulations are even more sincere as I have directly Turkmenistan, Byelorussia, Syria, or Zimbabwe), but also the and hope to people committed to peace and freedom, Signed, seen the relentless efforts of the NED over the last 13 years support of countries that are already transforming from including the Tibetans. I sincerely hope that this institution Amadou Toumani Toure in supporting and consolidating democratic institutions and totalitarian and authoritarian to democratic. will contintue to receive support, because America’s real President of the Republic of Mali practices in Romania. They have offered new roads and set a strength comes not from its status as a “superpower” but remarkable example of assuming all our relevant responsibil- I welcome the fact that the National Endowment for from the ideals and principles on which it was founded.” ities in the reconstruction of the civil society and in creating Democracy today supports not only the post-communist a free and democratic Romania. countries of Central and Eastern Europe, but it provides His Holiness the Dalai Lama Emil Constantinescu President of Romania, 1996-2000

7/1–The United Kingdom 12/29–Leaders of hands over 7/19– the Khmer Rouge 3/24–Serbia’s ethnic sovereignty of Charles 5/21–Indonesian apologize for the 2/27–Olusegun cleansing of Hong Kong to Taylor is dictator Suharto genocide in 2/4–Hugo Chávez Obasanjo Albanians in Kosovo the People’s elected steps down Cambodia that Frías is elected becomes Nigeria’s prompts an 11-week 1997 Republic of President of 1998 after 32 years in claimed over 1 mil- 1999 President of first elected presi- bombing campaign China. Liberia. WORLD EVENT WORLD EVENT power. lion in the 1970s. WORLD EVENT Venezuela. dent since 1983. by NATO in Serbia. NED EVENT IRI works for legisla- Youth Alternative NED EVENT In response to civil war Rally for Through grants to NGOs The Museum of The Center for a Free Cuba NED EVENT The Citizen’s The Inaugural Assembly tive, policy, and legal organizes the first in the Democratic Youth Action and its four institutes, Political provides emergency humani- Alliance to Help of the World reform in China, pro- internship program for Republic of Congo, involves young NED supports the suc- Repression and tarian assistance to the fami- Political Prisoners Movement for viding support for vil- students at the Associacion pour la Algerians in cessful democratic move- Totalitarianism lies of political prisoners and in North Korea Democracy convenes lage level electoral Ukrainian parliament. Defense des Droits activities ment in Slovakia’s in Russia democracy activists who are organizes the first in New Delhi, India. reform, public policy de l’Homme (AZAD- focused on Parliamentary and local expands its pub- under government attack, international confer- formation and legisla- HO) conducts a nation- democracy and elections. In particular, lic education pro- while the quarterly journal ence on human tive reform at the al program of human human rights. NED assists the Civic gram concerning Encuentro, is a vehicle for rights abuses in national and provin- rights advocacy, moni- Campaign’98 (OK’98), a the history of the outside ideas and information North Korea. cial levels. toring, and education. non partisan, independent Perm-36 gulag to reach Cuba. These two pro- initiative of more than camp. grams are part of a wide-rang- 100 NGOs that is credited ing effort to support human AZADHO leader Guillame Ngefa Atondoka. with boosting voter rights, independent media and turnout to record levels. democracy on the island. 20th Anniversary 1983–2003 20th Anniversary 1983–2003

or much of the past two decades, I have observed close- American ideals or more consistent with the best interests of rom its conception twenty years ago, the National The victories we leave behind pale in comparison to the Fly or participated directly in the work of the National the United States. FEndowment for Democracy (NED) recognized that polit- challenges before us. Today, even with the spread of democ- Endowment for Democracy (NED) and its affiliated institutes ical freedom and economic freedom are mutually reinforc- racy that we celebrate, two-fifths of the world’s people are — as a founding vice chair of the National Democratic As NED reaches its 20th birthday, its leadership and staff can ing. That message is even more vital in today’s world where not free to determine their own destiny. Despite the Institute, as a board member of NED, as ambassador and be deeply satisfied with all it has accomplished. But I know political repression and economic isolation are robbing a increased efforts to create a world under law, basic human secretary of state, and now as chairman of NDI. With this you are focused far more urgently on the hard jobs that remain generation of hope and fueling terrorism. NED’s pioneering rights are trampled in too many countries. And now the history in mind, it is deeply gratifying for me to congratulate to be done. I salute all who have contributed to your success, vision and comprehensive global view have been critical fac- threat of global terrorism places a shroud on the security of you on NED’s twentieth anniversary. and look forward to working with you as you strive to build tors in its many successes over two decades. The Center for people here and across the world. on that record in years to come. I wish you all the best. International Private Enterprise is proud to be a key part of The world has changed so much during NED’s brief exis- the Endowment’s historic, path-breaking programs. These profound challenges to our core values require that tence, and the Endowment has contributed immeasurably to Sincerely, the United States work within the communities of nations, that change. The people of Serbia deserve credit for ousting Madeleine K. Albright, Chairman Thomas J. Donohue and the growing number of more stable and democratic Slobodan Milosevic and ushering in democracy but the NED National Democratic Institute for President and CEO, nations in particular, in pursuit of common cause. family of institutions provided essential, timely and history- International Affairs U.S. Chamber of Commerce Accordingly, the role of the Endowment is now more vital making support. The same is true in so many parts of the President, Center for International than ever. The AFL-CIO takes this opportunity to reaffirm world including Poland, Chile, Mexico, Nigeria and my own Private Enterprise our support for the important work done by the NED. For native land of Czechoslovakia. Today, the work continues as or two the past two decades, support from the National our part, we will continue to promote a more democratic NED is reaching out to democrats who are struggling against FEndowment for Democracy has enabled the and just world in which all workers and their families live in tremendous odds working in the harshest environments, in International Republican Institute to further its mission of n behalf of the thirteen million working women and peace and security, have a voice in their own future, and a Burma, Congo, Cuba, Iraq and Afghanistan. educating people, parties, and governments on the values Omen of the AFL-CIO, I congratulate the National fair share of the prosperity they create. and practices of democracy. We are delighted to be an inte- Endowment for Democracy for the important successes of its The Endowment was founded on a simple principle: that gral part of the NED family, and look forward to future col- first twenty years. As one of its founding organizations, the John J. Sweeney, President democracy is inseparable from human dignity and peace. It laboration in advancing freedom and democracy. AFL-CIO is proud to have participated with the Endowment AFL-CIO has been dedicated to building a true community of democ- in the promotion of democracy around the world. We deeply racies in which free peoples help and learn from each other, Senator John McCain, Chairman appreciate the support our Solidarity Center has received to while promoting the ideals to which our citizens and soci- International Republican Institute strengthen democratic trade unionism — one of the building eties aspire. Nothing could be more in keeping with blocks of democracy.

9/25–Yugoslav opposition claims victory in national elections; incumbent 5/27–International Slobodan Milosevic denies 3/15–The long-sim- 6/29–Former 9/11–Over 3,000 Criminal Tribunal for 12/13–Boris Yeltsin 7/2–Vicente Fox is results. On 10/5 Milosevic 11/17–Alberto mering resentment Yugoslav president killed in terrorist the Former 8/31–People of resigns as elected President leaves power after a Fujimori is of Macedonia’s Slobodan attacks at the World 12/9–Taliban Yugoslavia in The East Timor vote President of Russia, 3/26–In Russia, of Mexico, ending nationwide uprising. On removed from ethnic Albanians Milosevic is deliv- Trade Center, The regime in 1999 Hague indicts for independence and is replaced by 2000 Vladimir Putin is seven decades of 10/7 Vojislav Kostunica office as presi- 2001 erupts into vio- ered to UN tribu- Pentagon, and in Afghanistan collapses. WORLD EVENT Slobodan Milosevic. from Indonesia. Vladimir Putin. WORLD EVENT elected president. single-party rule. sworn in as president. dent of Peru. WORLD EVENT lence. nal in The Hague. rural Pennsylvania. NED EVENT Both before and after the Thirteen NED-funded NED EVENT The Second Assembly The Otpor Student Mexico is NED’s Human Rights in NED EVENT NED launches The Center for The Badlisy IRI and NDI carry 11-week NATO bombing groups in Nigeria join of the World Movement promotes top priority for Latin China campaigns in Reagan-Fascell Documentation Cultural Center out groundbreaking campaign in Serbia, NED together with 40 other Movement for civic activism at the America. With both support of the Democracy and Advocacy trains teachers in civic education pro- provides emergency assis- NGOS to form the Democracy convenes local level in Serbia direct assistance Tiananmen Mothers Fellowship publishes and dis- 96 primary grams in East tance to the democratic Transition Monitoring more than 400 democ- and mounts a hugely and grants to NDI, who are fighting for Program. tributes the South schools and 200 Timor in prepara- opposition through all four Group (TMG) in 1998. racy activists, practi- successful Get-Out- IRI and ACILS, the government account- Sudan Post Imams in local tion for the constitu- of its core institutes, as well TMG mobilizes 11,000 tioners and scholars in the-Vote campaign. Endowment pro- ability for the June 4, throughout Sudan mosques on tion making process as through direct grants sup- observers for Nigeria’s São Paulo, Brazil. September 2000 vides critical assis- 1989 massacre in and abroad. human rights in and formal inde- porting independent media, historic February 27 election posters and tance to civic Tiananmen Square. Iraq. pendence in 2002. campaigns for civic change presidential election. On buttons produced by groups, including and support for grass-roots May 25, NED presents Otpor proclaim “He Civic Alliance, to NGOs throughout Serbia. its annual Democracy is finished!” and help ensure a free Award to Clement “it’s time” and fair process in Nwankwo, a leader of the landmark presi- the TMG and a long- dential election that time NED grantee. brings an end to 71 years of single- party rule. 20th Anniversary 1983–2003 20th Anniversary 1983–2003

n November 2003, the National Endowment for towards the essential strengthening of a network of institu- ongratulations to the National Endowment for n 1984 the Center for International Private Enterprise and IDemocracy will be celebrating its 20th anniversary. tions and foundations that strive to face the challenges made CDemocracy on reaching your twentieth anniversary. Ithe National Endowment for Democracy offered early sup- on democracy at this the start of the 21st century. We are happy to join with many others in celebrating this port to pioneering reforms in Peru. Recognizing the link This will be an opportunity to tell you how significant NED’s important landmark, and we congratulate you on it. between participation in economic society and democratic activities are in the promotion of democracy across the world. Our task is a common one, we share the same values across society, NED and CIPE buttressed the Institute for Liberty the Atlantic Ocean and yet in spite of the immense progress In its still short life the NED has accumulated an impressive and Democracy’s efforts to give the poor legal title to their The men and women who work for this foundation work that we might have achieved this task is still far from being catalogue of support for those working for democracy in property and the tools to release the wealth locked up in untiringly in the support of fundamental values that are the completed. many countries in the world. You have been at the leading those assets. Economic reform begat political stability as the basis of our societies and that have never been more topical edge of the movement we share: you have not only devel- hope of a better future presented the people of Peru with a than at present. Our effort will never be sufficient to vanquish the last pock- oped an impressive range of services but provided a model credible alternative to the Communist insurgency and ets of resistance. NED will be one of our main spearheads. on which others have been pleased to draw in seeking to undercut popular support of the Shining Path terrorist It seems appropriate to congratulate the entire team at NED, advance the cause of democracy and freedom. We have rea- movement. CIPE and NED have stood with us for 20 years, notably Carl Gershman, for the tremendous work they have The Robert Schuman Foundation would like to reiterate the son to be grateful for your work, just as do those many and their continuing support today allows us to share our continually accomplished over the last twenty years, for lib- esteem and admiration it holds for this foundation and agencies and peoples you have supported. successes with other countries in transition. erty and human rights, even when sometimes conditions simultaneously say how much we enjoy working together were difficult. with NED. We look forward to continuing to work in close association Hernando de Soto, President with you as your third, our second, decade unfolds. My col- Institute for Liberty and Democracy, This is also a time for the Robert Schuman Foundation to Above all we would like to wish a very HAPPY BIRTHDAY! leagues join me in sending you our very best wishes. Lima, Peru emphasise how vital the close links are that were established between the two institutions several years ago. Jean-Dominique GIULIANI, Chairman Yours sincerely Robert Schuman Foundation For the last few years we have jointly taken part in some Paris, France David French, Chief Executive very important events with one goal in mind: to work Westminster Foundation for Democracy London, England

Two NDI staff members survey a mass grave in Iraq.

12/30–Peaceful par- liamentary and pres- idential elections in Kenya bring an end to the 30 year rule 5/20–East of Kenyan dictator 4/9–US forces 3/31–Ukraine Timor Daniel Arap Moi 3/20–Troops from seize control of 8/2–The United Nations holds elec- becomes an and his KANU party. 1/9–North Korea with- United States and Baghdad, ending authorizes an interna- 2001 2002 tions for the independent Mwai Kibaki is new 2003 draws from the Nuclear 3 other countries the regime of tional peacekeeping Parliament. WORLD EVENT WORLD EVENT nation. president. WORLD EVENT Nonproliferation Treaty. invade Iraq. Saddam Hussein. force for Liberia. NED EVENT Za Prava In the Congo (DRC), NED EVENT The quarterly journal of the NDI carries out the third In the prelude to Slovakia’s NED EVENT CIPE helps to establish ACILS supports the Hong NED along with NDI, IRI and Cheloveka organ- NED supports 28 inde- Network for North phase of an ambitious 18- pivotal parliamentary elec- and strengthen business Kong Confederation of CIPE begins to give assis- izes the first All pendent groups work- Korean Democracy and month program for political tions, MEMO98 and the associations inside Trade Unions’ efforts to tance to a wide range of Russian Emergency ing to promote human Human Rights, Keys, parties in Kenya, emphasizing Pontis Foundation conduct- Afghanistan to ensure a protest and draw interna- emerging NGOs. in liberated Congress in rights, independent includes commentaries, coalition building and deter- ed powerful get-out-the-vote more sustained and diversi- tional attention to the dan- Iraq. Longtime NED grantees Defense of Human media, rule of law and interviews, articles written rence of political violence in campaigns, including creative fied effort to build democ- gers of imminent anti-sub- in Northen Iraq expand their Rights in Russia. to impact the Inter- by North Korean experts, preparation for the historic and humorous television and racy and market economy. version legislation. activities to the south. Congolese dialogue. testimony from North presidential and parliamen- radio spots, billboards, Widespread protests in The seminar pictured Korean defectors. Published tary elections in Kenya. posters, postcards, and T- Hong Kong lead the Chinese here, organized by in three languages, the shirts, including this postcard to withdraw the legislation. Voice of the journal addresses democra- which says “Save your voice Voiceless, trains local tization and human rights for September.” human rights activists. issues in North Korea. 20th Anniversary 1983–2003 Directors of the National Endowment for Democracy

Current board members Former board members Morton Abramowitz Madeline K. Albright 1991–1993 Lane Kirkland 1983–1992 Evan Bayh Polly Baca 1983–1991 Henry A. Kissinger 1985–1989 Frank Carlucci Harry G. Barnes 1990–1999 Robert Krieble 1992–1996 Wesley Clark John Brademas 1992–2001 Winston Lord 1990–1993 Christopher Cox William E. Brock 1983–1991 Richard G. Lugar 1992–2001 Thomas R. Donahue Zbigniew Brzezinski 1988–1997 Connie Mack 1997–2001 Rita DiMartino Henry Cisneros 1990–1993 Charles T. Manatt 1984–1993 Esther Dyson Lynn Cutler 1993–1997 Louis Martin 1983–1988 Jean Bethke Elshtain LeGree Daniels 1983–1991 David McIntosh 1995–1998 Julie Finley Paula J. Dobriansky 1993–2001 Walter F. Mondale 1985–1987 William H. Frist Edward Donley 1991–2000 Edmund Muskie 1987–1988 Francis Fukuyama Jennifer Dunn 1998–2000 Mark Palmer 1990–1999 Suzanne Garment Frank Fahrenkopf 1983–1992 Donald M. Payne 1994–2003 Ralph J. Gerson Dante Fascell 1983–1990 Susan Kaufman Purcell 1990–1999 Bob Graham M. Steve Forbes 1994–1999 John Richardson 1983–1992 Lee H. Hamilton David Gergen 1992–1993 Olin Robison 1984–1992 Richard C. Holbrooke Orrin G. Hatch 1984–1991 Albert Shanker 1984–1991 Emmanuel A. Kampouris Antonia Hernandez 1993–2002 Sally Shelton–Colby 1893–1992 Jon Kyl James Holderman 1990–1991 Charles H. Smith 1983–1991 Leon Lynch Steny Hoyer 1993–1994 Stephen Solarz 1992–2001 Matthew F. McHugh John Hurford 1997–2000 Julia Taft 1994–1998 Robert Miller Fred Ikle 1992–2001 Jay Van Andel 1984–1993 Gregory W. Meeks James A. Joseph 1991–1996 Eddie N. Williams 1988–1995 Michael Novak John T. Joyce 1991–1997 Paul Wolfowitz 1994–2001 Terence Todman Thomas Kean 1991–2000 Ken Young 1993–1996 Vin Weber Howard Wolpe

Chairmen Emeriti

Dante B. Fascell (1917-1998) John Richardson William E. Brock Winston Lord John Brademas 1101 Fifteenth Street, N.W. Suite 700 Washington, D.C. 20005–5000 (202) 293-9072 (202) 223-6042 fax Internet: www.ned.org E-mail: [email protected]