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Greek Quest Study Guide

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Greek Quest Study Guide Name: ________________________ Date: ___________________ Greek Quest Study Guide Directions: Identify each individual listed below (be sure to know why they are important!) 1. Agamemnon (Mycenae): King of the Mycenaeans who fought and won the Trojan war. Key figure in Homer’s Iliad. 2. Solon (Athens): Athenian noble and tyrant who helped lead Athens into becoming a democracy. He freed the slaves in debt and established a constitution. 3. Peisistratus (Athens): Athenian tyrant who helped Athens become more democratic by opening up citizenship to all free men (even non-landowners) and by supporting the arts and artisans. 4. Cleisthenes (Athens): Athenian leader who is credited with creating democracy. He reorganized the assembly and created the Council of 500 to govern in Athens. 5. Darius (Persia): Persian emperor who first invades Greece and is defeated at the Battle of Marathon. He also created satrapies in Persia to better organize his empire. 6. Xerxes (Persia): Persian emperor who invades Greece the second time (Darius’s son). He wins at Thermopylae but loses at Salamis and Plataea. 7. Themistocles (Athens): Athenian statesmen and general who unites the Greek to fight Persia and leads them to victory at Marathon and Salamis. 8. Leonidas (Sparta): Spartan king who led the 300 Spartans to sacrifice themselves at Thermopylae to provide the Greeks the time they needed to fight the Persians. 9. Pericles (Athens): Athenian leader who led them into the Golden Age by improving democracy, rebuilding the city, and supporting education and the arts. Geography and Settlement of Greece How did the geography of Greece discourage Greek unity? Mountains and islands separated the Greek city-states causing them developed fiercely independent of one another. List 3 geographic advantages of the Minoan civilization and 1 reason why geography caused them to fall. Advantages: Minoan Reading and Minoan PPT 1. The Island of Crete was located in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea so they could trade easily. 2. They were an island so they were well protected for invasion 3. Their warm weather and fertile soil made a surplus of goods like grapes, wheat, olives, and barley. Cause of them to fall: Minoan Reading and Minoan PPT 4. Earthquakes and tidal waves destroyed their civilization. Describe Greek citizenship and explain the rights citizens were granted and the responsibilities which came with those rights. Greek City-State PPT and Citizen Venn Diagram Greek citizens were considered equal members of the political community and shared equally in the rights and responsibilities of citizens. These rights included: the right to vote, hold public office, own land, and defend themselves in court. The responsibilities were to follow the laws, pay taxes, and defend the city. The Rise of Democracy Define each form of Government: Sections 2-5 and PPT on the 4 Forms of Government. 1. Monarchy: A form of government in which power rests in the hands of one person (king/queen). 2. Tyranny: A form of government where one person illegally seizes power. 3. Oligarchy: A form of government in which power rests in the hands of only a few people. 4. Democracy: A form of government in which all people share equally in the power. Explain the difference between a direct and representative democracy. Page 139 In a direct democracy all citizens vote directly on all decisions. In a representative democracy citizens vote for representatives who will in turn vote on decisions on our behalf. Life in Two City-States Briefly describe life in Sparta (what made Spartans a unique culture)? Sections 1, and 7-10 Sparta was a military driven society ruled by an Oligarchy. Spartan culture revolved around training for war. Spartan boys were sent to military camps to be trained to be soldiers at age 7. These camps were brutal and resulted in the creation of the world’s most elite soldiers. Explain each position in the Spartan Oligarchy. Use Sparta PPT a. Assembly: All Spartan citizens over the age of 30 gathered to vote on descisions for the city-state b. 2 Kings: One king was the head of the army the other the head of the religious ceremony. These kings had little political power c. 5 Ephors: 5 men chosen by the assembly to run the daily business of Sparta. d. Council of Elders: 28 citizens over the age of 60. They advised the assembly and suggested all laws. Briefly describe what life was like in Athens (what made it unique). Sections 3-6 and Athens PPT Athens was a democratic society focused on art, philosophy, and education. Athenians traded openly with other city-states and developed great advancements in all fields of study. Explain each position in the Athenian Democracy. Athens PPT and pages 128-130 e. Assembly: All free citizens gathered to vote on all decisions made by the city-state. f. 10 Generals: 10 men chosen from the assembly each year to be the heads of the army and navy and enforce the laws. g. Commander in Chief: One man chosen from the 10 generals to be the head of state for that year. h. Council of 500: 500 men chosen using a lottery to set the agenda for the assembly and suggest laws to be voted on. Fighting the Persian Wars Briefly explain each of the 4 major battles of the Persian Wars. Sections 3-6 and Persian Wars PPT 1. Battle of Marathon: First battle of the Persian Wards. Athens defeats Persia using strategy and geography to surround the Persians (also the famous story of the runner Pheidippides). 2. Battle of Thermopylae: The battle in a narrow mountain pass in which the 300 Spartans held off the Persian army for 2 days allowing time for the Greeks to regroup and attack. 3. Battle of Salamis: Themistocles lures the Persian fleet into the narrow stretch of water at Salamis where the faster Greek ships wipe out the Persians. 4. Battle of Plataea: Final battle of the Persian Wars where all Greek city-states unit and defeat the Persians once and for all. The Golden Age of Athens What was the Delian League and explain its significance? Delian League and Pericles PPT & Reading from Blue Book The Delian League was a defensive alliance of Greek city-states lead by Athens to defend against any future Persian invasions. It also served as an open trade network between the member states. It became the Athenian Empire in but name. How did Pericles lead Athens into its Golden Age? Pericles PPT and History Alive Pericles encouraged the arts, philosophy, democracy, and education in Athens helping to lead them into their golden age. He rebuilt the city after the Persian Wars, and reorganized the government to allow for more freedoms and opportunities for more people. Describe the Peloponnesian War and explain how Sparta won. Blue Book Reading and PPT The Peloponnesian War was the war between and Athens and Sparta 9and their respective allies). The Spartans win the war due to a plague in Athens and help from the Persian Empire to build a navy to cut off Athens from supplies. Vocab Practice (Words that might not have appeared in other sections of the Review Guide) Word Bank Agora Colonies Acropolis Polis Perioeci Satrap ies Philosophers Citizenship Helots Peloponnesus 1. People who think about and ponder questions of life and study many fields of academics are called: Philosophers. 2. In Greek a city-state was called a polis 3. The southern region of Greece barely connected to mainland Greece (where Sparta was located) was the called the Peloponnesus 4. The Spartan middle class (neither slaves nor citizens ) were called the Perioeci 5. The open aired market place in a Greek city-state was called the agora 6. New settlements that keep close ties to their homeland are known as colonies 7. In Persia Darius divided his empire into 20 provinces known as satrapies. 8. The fortified hill in the center of a Greek city-state was called the acropolis 9. Spartan slaves were known as helots. 10. In ancient Greece the concept of citizenship allowed people to share equally in the rights and responsibilities of the city-state. .
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