IWCE 2015 PTIG-P25 Foundations Part 2

Sponsored by:

Project 25 College of Technology Security Services Update & Vocoder & Range Improvements Bill Janky Director, System Design

IWCE 2015, Las Vegas, Nevada March 16, 2015

Presented by: PTIG - The Project 25 Technology Interest Group www.project25.org – Booth 1853 © 2015 PTIG Agenda • Overview of P25 Security Services - Confidentiality - Integrity - Key Management • Current status of P25 security standards - Updates to existing services - New services

3 © 2015 PTIG PTIG - Project 25 Technology Interest Group IWCE 2015 Why do we need security? • Protecting information from security threats has become a vital function within LMR systems • What’s a threat? Threats are actions that a hypothetical adversary might take to affect some aspect of your system. Examples: – Message interception – Message replay – Spoofing – Misdirection – Jamming / Denial of Service – Traffic analysis – Subscriber duplication – Theft of service

• The TIA-102 standard provides several standardized security services that have been adopted for implementation in P25 systems. • These security services may be used to provide security of information transferred across FDMA or TDMA P25 radio systems.

Note: Most of the security services are optional and users must consider that when making procurements

• P25 provides Message interception, – Confidentiality traffic analysis • Payload (i.e. voice and data) encryption • Link layer encryption Message replay, spoofing, – Integrity misdirection, denial of service, theft of service, subscriber duplication • User authentication • Message authentication Facilitates Confidentiality – Key Management and Integrity • Manual key loading and over-the-air rekeying

• The confidentiality services are provided to ensure that the signaling information, the voice traffic and the data traffic are understandable only to the intended recipient(s). – Encryption/decryption is the way to achieve confidentiality • Confidentiality service for end-to-end encryption is typically done at the subscriber unit, console and data hosts. • Confidentiality services are built into the P25 protocols.

If you don’t want somebody to hear you, or see your data, you need to use encryption.

Thanks for sharing!

Hokey Eenie meenie smoke! chili beanie

3^@(*@9 )#2R)7(#Q #85r%$92

Is that in Florida? On my way to Frostbite Falls

3^@(* Group ID @9 )#2R)7(# User ID Q#85r%$92

Protection of “IDs” is a major focus area in TIA-102

Of course I trust you, Dahlink…

• Messages – A more sophisticated adversary may have the capability to not only record and replay messages, but to alter them as well. Message authentication guarantees that the received message was the one originally sent. – The addition of air interface encryption makes message modification more difficult (e.g. sharing of secret keys), but doesn’t eliminate the possibility. • Message Authentication Codes (MAC) are required to guarantee message and sender integrity. • Users – An adversary may “pose” as a real user or as a real system. – Link Layer (i.e. User) Authentication, LLA, guarantees that everybody is who they say they are. • Integrity services are built into the P25 protocols.

If you don’t want somebody to fake your data or your identity, you need authentication services.

Boris

Thanks Rocky! Here comes a new key

Hi, this is Steve Nichols Really? OK, do a calculation for me.

Phooey! Foiled again!

13 © 2015 PTIG PTIG - Project 25 Technology Interest Group IWCE 2015 Key Management • The Confidentiality, Integrity and Authentication services rely on cryptographic keys. • Cryptographic key management encompasses every stage in the life cycle of a cryptographic key, including: • generation, distribution, entry, use, storage, destruction and archiving • P25 provides two ways to help manage keys – manual and OTAR.

Managing keys requires you to have some internal procedures to combine with P25 standard procedures.

Manual Keying Keys Key Fill Device • Radio “touched” to program Keys and key bindings. • Compromised radio compromises keys; requires rekeying of fleet Bindings (e.g. TG -> Key) Radio Programmer

Key Encryption Keys (KEK) Key Fill OTAR Device • Radio “touched” for UKEK • Rekeying can be performed over the air because each radio has its own UKEK. • Key Management Facility (KMF) KEK Selection, KMF needs to be secure New Traffic Keys, • Message authentication and New UKEKs Encryption employed 15 © 2015 PTIG PTIG - Project 25 Technology Interest Group IWCE 2015 P25 SECURITY STATUS

• 1998 – End-to-End Voice Encryption – Data CAI Encryption – DES Encryption – OTAR – Multiple Keys – Subscriber Validation • 2005 – 3DES Encryption – AES Encryption • 2011 – Subscriber and FNE Authentication – Inter-KMF Interface • 2014+ – OTAR overhaul – KFD to SU/KMF/AF interface – Link-Layer Encryption (Anti-Analysis)

• Update to P25 Key Fill Interface (TIA-102.AACD-A) – Published in Sept. 2014. Available on TIA Global IHS site. • OTAR Messages and Procedures (TIA-102.AACA-A) – Published in September 2014. • Security Services Overview Addendum (TIA-102.AAAB-A-1) – Overview of the current encryption and key management architectures for voice, data, subscriber authentication, and air interface encryption. – Also published in September 2014. Describes additions/deletions/ modifications to TIA-102.AAAB-A. • KMF/AF to KFD interface – New – Revised draft in progress and projected to be ready for review at the June 2015 TIA meetings • OTAR Interoperability Test Update – Drafting is in progress

• Link Layer Encryption standard – New (…required by Fearless Leader) – LLE provides confidentiality and replay protection for IDs and control messages • Note: LLE is NOT a substitute for end-to-end encryption – Requirements reviewed and agreed to. LLE SSO/ Architecture document ETG 14-024-R05 is in review with agreements on many key architecture concepts. • Currently the Key Management section is in active review. – Work Plan has been formulated with preliminary assignments for drafting standards and updates to existing standards. – Changes to existing standards partially complete; awaiting completion of LLE SSO: • FDMA CAI TIA-102.BAAA • TDMA MAC TIA-102.BBAC • Trunking Formats (TSBKs/ MBTs) TIA-102.AABB • Others as needed

Security standards continue to evolve in P25…

• If you don’t want unauthorized people to hear you, or see your data, you need to use encryption • If you don’t want bad guys to fake your data or your identity, you need to use authentication services. • Managing encryption and authentication keys requires you to have some internal procedures to combine with P25 standard procedures. • The users and manufacturers participating in TIA-102 (P25) standardization are continuing to work to improve security services and add new features. • System security factors affect mutual aid and interoperability. A sub-set of specific features can be defined as minimum required for mutual aid. • Finally: Remember that most of the security, encryption, and voice protection features in P25 are optional, not mandatory, and users must consider that when making procurements – Encryption capabilities are not used by all, but are part of the features in the P25 Guide

• Vocoder Improvements: – Dual Rate for 12.5 kHz FDMA and 2:1 TDMA to improve spectrum efficiency – Audio Quality and Noise Reduction for noisy environments – Soft Decision error correction for 1.5 dB improvement – Tone Signals: DTMF / Knox / Single Tone • Range Improvements: – Analog to Digital

• Full Rate: 7.2 kbps vocoder rate

1 – FDMA operation in 12.5 kHz channels 2 1 – Original P25 standard, selected in 1992 2 1 – Half Rate: 3.6 kbps vocoder rate – 2:1 TDMA operation in 12.5 kHz channels – New mode introduced in the standard in 2009 – Equivalent to 6.25 kHz spectrum efficiency • Audio quality is effectively unchanged between full rate and half rate – PESQ Scores (MOS-LQO): Full Rate = 2.98, Half Rate = 2.80, D = 0.18

Source: http://www.dvsinc.com/papers/eval_results.htm v2

• FDMA operation (full rate) remains fully interoperable with legacy equipment. • TDMA operation (half rate) available for spectrum efficiency. • Subscriber radios can support both rates for direct interoperability on the air interface. • Parametric rate conversion 7.2 kbps  3.6 kbps is provided by the standard for some interoperability cases (i.e. transcoding).

• Audio Quality Measurement Technologies – MOS Test: subjective test used for Conformance Test Standard (TIA-102.BABB) – PESQ Test: objective test used for Performance Test Standard (TIA-102.BABG) • Performance Test also measures noise reduction – DAQ: used in coverage evaluation – BER: used to measure sensitivity • DAQ (Delivered Audio Quality) applies to both analog and digital audio – DAQ values are given in TSB-88.1-D – DAQ 3.0 17 dBS analog 2.6% BER P25 FDMA – DAQ 3.4 20 dBS analog 2.0% BER P25 FDMA – DAQ 4.0 25 dBS analog 1.0% BER P25 FDMA

Speech Noise Pitch • Vocoder speech processing Speech – Evaluate speech pitch Filter Digitize

– Filter noise not correlated to pitch Noise – Digitize the speech correlated to pitch • Noise can be reduced 25 dB in some cases. In most cases noise is reduced at least 10 dB. • Vocoder Performance Test standard measures noise reduction for 15 noises including vehicles (car, boat, helicopter, fire truck), sirens, alarms (PASS and Low Air), crowds, saws, water pumps, fog nozzle, and pink noise. • Some vendors also implement noise cancellation in the radio microphone. • Noise reduction improves audio quality in mission critical situations.

• Digital information is transmitted as bits. Soft and Hard Decision Decoder • Error correcting codes correct bit errors. Performance – Vocoder uses Golay and Hamming codes. 1 – Hard Decision decoder: receiver quantizes bits to 0/1 binary values and then corrects bit errors. 0.1 1.5 dB – Soft Decision decoder: receiver processes bits as continuous values in 0..1 interval, to find best code 0.01

word fit. Then the entire code word is selected. Probability of Failure 0.001 • Soft decision error correction added to the 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 standard in 2009. Corrects up to twice as Eb/No dB many bit errors. • Improvement of 1.5 dB with soft decisions in fading.

• Vocoder transparently encodes and decodes tones – Telephone tone signals: • DTMF (digits 0..9,*,#,A..D) and call progress tones – Knox box tone signals • digits 0..9,*,#,A..D • Sometimes used for fire protection systems. – Single tone signals – sometimes used for paging. • Tones are encoded to interoperate with existing P25 vocoders • Encoder requires version 1.6 of the vocoder (2009), or later.

• DAQ 3.4 Audio Quality • Equivalent to 20 dB SINAD for analog or 2% BER for P25 (C4FM). Faded channels. • For an accurate comparison a coverage P25 (C4FM) analysis should be conducted, from the same sites, same parameters, and same reliability. Analog 12.5 kHz Type ENBW Noise Cf / (I+N) Sensitivity Delta dB 25 kHz (kHz) Floor dB dBm (dBm) 12.5 kHz 7.8 -122.9 26.0 -96.9 0.0 Analog P25 TDMA 25 kHz 16 -119.8 20.0 -99.8 2.9 Analog Notes: P25 5.5 -124.4 17.7 -106.7 9.8 - Downlink only (C4FM) - ENBW from TSB-88.1-D Table 6 P25 - Cf/(I+N) from TSB-88.1-D Table A 1 6.0 -124.0 16.4 -107.6 10.7 TDMA - TDMA uses soft decision technology 30 © 2015 PTIG PTIG - Project 25 Technology Interest Group IWCE 2015 Coverage Improvement Example

• Vocoder Improvements: – Improved Spectrum Efficiency with Dual Rates for FDMA and 2:1 TDMA • Maintained backward compatibility and interoperability with standard • Operates in bands with FCC regulations requiring 6.25kHz efficiency – Improved Audio Quality with Noise Reduction for noisy environments – Soft Decision error correction for 1.5 dB improvement – Tone Signals: DTMF / Knox / Single Tone – More information: • http://www.project25.org/images/stories/ptig/Vocoder_White_Paper _v3.pdf • Range Comparison: – P25 is about 7+ dB better than 25 kHz analog (DAQ 3.4)

• BER – Bit Error Rate • MOS – Mean Opinion Score • C4FM – Compatible 4-level FM • P25 – Project 25 • DAQ – Delivered Audio Quality • PASS – Personal Alert Safety • dB – Decibel System • dBm – Decibel milliwatt • PESQ – Perceptual Evaluation • dBS – Decibel SINAD of Speech Quality • • DTMF – Dual Tone Multi- SINAD – Signal Noise and Frequency Distortion • • FDMA – Frequency Division TDMA – Time Division Multiple Multiple Access Access • • LQO – Listening Quality TIA – Telecommunications Objective Industry Association • TSB – Telecommunications Systems Bulletin

email: [email protected]

Sponsored by: Presented by: PTIG - The Project 25 Technology Interest Group www.project25.org – Booth 1853

Project 25 College of Technology PS LTE Broadband and Project 25 Use Cases & Standards View Cynthia Wenzel Cole, CTO Chris Wilson, Senior Technologist

IWCE 2015, Las Vegas, Nevada March 16, 2015

• Introduction to Public Safety LTE • P25 + PS LTE Use Cases – Assumptions – Coverage – Resilience – Interoperability • Public Safety Broadband Standards Update • Status of Public Safety Features in 3GPP • Engaged Organizations V4

• The NPSBN is defined as a single, nationwide Public Safety LTE (PS LTE) network, based upon the global 3GPP standard • FirstNet is the independent authority created by Congress to govern and manage the NPSBN • FirstNet pledges to build the FNN to meet the needs of Public Safety users • Congress1 allocated $7.1B in funding – AWS spectrum auction grossed almost $45 Billion – Will be a self-sustaining, fee-based network which will leverage tribal, state and local government assets • FirstNet was allocated 20MHz of spectrum nationwide in the 700MHz band. – FirstNet is the nationwide FCC License holder

Networks are connected but independent Intelligent inter-systems interface(s) VHF 700/800 FirstNet Network P25 Systems B14 PS LTE UHF

P25 FN Multiple Band P25 Band 14 PSLTE Multiple Independent Networks Single, Resilient Network Multiple Layers of PS System Coverage Single Layer of PS

Vd + Dv

DATA Optimized Vd VOICE Optimized Dv P25 Voice PS LTE Data P25 Integrated Data Non Mission Critical PTT Mission Critical Group Voice Broadband Data Apps IV&D Interoperability Group-based services

Networks are connected but independent

VHF Intelligent inter-systems interface(s) 700/800 FirstNet Network P25 Systems B14 PS LTE UHF

P25 FN Multiple Band P25 Band 14 PSLTE Multiple Independent Networks Single, Resilient Network Multiple Layers of PS System Coverage Single Layer of PS

We’re using an artificially simplified environment ASSUMPTIONS Vd + Dv for this analysis. • User has BOTH P25 & PS LTE available VOICE Optimized DATA Optimized – Vd Dv Using simplifiedP25 device Voice scenario: Dual handsetsPS LTE Data • Public SafetyP25 Group Integrated-based Data Services NonScenario: Mission Critical PTT Mission Critical Group Voice Broadband Data Apps – Use case requiresIV&D Interoperability Group-based ServicesGroup-based services – No Cellular Available – Network is down, doesn’t exist or is overloaded 39 v4 © 2015 PTIG PTIG - Project 25 Technology Interest Group IWCE 2015 Coverage Scenarios VHF 700/800 FirstNet Network P25 Systems B14 PS LTE UHF

Utilizing both devices enables User to take advantage of the coverage advantages of each. P25 Vd + Dv FN

Coverage Use Cases

• End User has coverage across both footprints and Voice & Data on BOTH Systems in areas of overlapping coverage • In many scenarios the coverage characteristics of P25 and PS LTE will be very different, for instance P25 may be more effective for local and indoor coverage, while PS LTE may be optimized for outdoor and nationwide coverage v2 40 © 2015 PTIG PTIG - Project 25 Technology Interest Group IWCE 2015 Creating Resilience VHF 700/800 FirstNet Network P25 Systems B14 PS LTE UHF

Vd + Dv Signal Jammer

Use Cases In Overlapping Coverage – Multiple Failure Scenarios • User stays in communication if either network fails • User stays in communication if either device fails or is lost – User stays in communication if either device battery fails • Carrying multiple devices in different bands offers greater protection against signal jamming – and greater versatility regarding deployables 41 © 2015 PTIG PTIG - Project 25 Technology Interest Group IWCE 2015 Interoperability Use Cases

Mutual Aid FN Data Apps & Local Voice Nationwide Interoperability Interoperability V P25 Dv Vd + Dv

Interoperability Among Different User Device Scenarios • P25 will be needed for interoperability with non-FN adopters – Mutual Aid • Dual device user can communicate with FN-only user • Smart group interfaces enable ALL users to interoperate

• ProSe - Proximity Services – The LTE version of LMR Direct Mode operation – UE-to-UE discovery and UE-to-UE communication UE-to- Network relay • Similar to vehicular repeater operation – Stage 1 Technical Specification requirements available, search ‘3GPP TS 22.278:’ • GCSE - Group Communications Service Enablers – Specifications to support group communications on LTE – Common approach for group communications of different apps, such as voice, video, text and data – Stage 1 Technical Specification requirements available, search ‘3GPP TS 22.468’ UE = User Equipment v3

3GPP Work Item R12 R13 (Functional Freeze - March 2015) (Functional Freeze - March 2016) ProSe • Basic Network-based Discovery May include: • Basic D2D communication • Restricted discovery (Proximity Service) • Public safety out of coverage discovery • UE-to-Network & UE-to-UE Relays • Requesting Discovery Range Class • Service continuity GCSE • Group Communication between R12 scope moved to R13 GCSE Group members via the • Floor Control (Group network • User Interaction Communications • Group Communication between • UE to Network Relay System Enabler) GCSE Group members via the • Interworking (with non-3GPP network and a ProSe UE-to- networks) Network Relay • UE-AS Open Interface • Relationship between a GCSE Group and members using ProSe Group Communication.

• MCPTT – Mission Critical Push to Talk – Specifications for Mission Critical PTT voice; • Requirements documents ‘liaised’ from NPSTC, TIA-TR8.8, OMA-PCPS, ETSI-TCCE. Contributors 3GPP-SA1 members – Requirements include P25 and TETRA group and Private Call functionality – User Requirement Technical Specification (TS) approved December 2014 – Stage 1 Technical Specification requirements available, search ‘3GPP TS 22.179’ • IOPS – Isolated Operations for Public Safety Specification - Enables operation of a cell site when temporarily or permanently isolated from the EPC – Stage 1 Technical Specification requirements available, search ‘3GPP TS 22.346’ v2

3GPP Work Item R13 R14 (Functional Freeze - March 2016) (Functional Freeze – N/A ) MCPTT • Push To Talk group call and private call NOTE: (Mission Critical Push • Emergency, broadcast and regrouped group call types • R13 lists are • User identification, location, and emergency alerting current snapshots To Talk) • Floor control, override, monitor, priority and pre- • Some (TBD) may emption move to R14 • Performance, including PTT access times • Deferred and new • PS audio quality/intelligibility items will be • Security/confidentiality addressed in R14, • Use of GCSE_LTE or moved to future • Use of Proximity Services (ProSe) releases (R15, • Interconnection with voice systems - cellular, PSTN and R16…) land mobile radio • Charging ??? IOPS • A cell site isolated from the core (Isolated Operations • A group of cell sites isolated from core but connected to each other for Public Safety) • Services and features needed for local group communication

• MCVideo – Mission Critical Video over LTE – Release 14 Study Item - Define Use Cases – Services to be considered • Video group communications • Uplink video from UE • Broadcast video • MCDATA – Mission Critical Data Communications – Release 14 Study Item – Define Use Cases – Services to be considered • Text • Multimedia • File transfer v2 48 © 2015 PTIG PTIG - Project 25 Technology Interest Group IWCE 2015 Standards Efforts

• ATIS/TIA: JLMRLTE – Joint Land Mobile Radio Long Term Evolution – Standard for Public Safety Mission Critical PTT voice communications between users operating on P25 LMR systems and on MCPTT LTE systems – Joint Standard between ATIS and TIA – New meetings are on hold until the 3GPP MCPTT specification is further developed

• ETSI-TCCE: CCA - Developing ‘Critical Communications Application’ – User Requirements Specification (URS) – Based on TETRA User Requirements with additional requirements for video – Critical Communication System Architecture • Architecture model for public safety operation on LTE system v2

• OMA-PCPS - Push-to-Communicate for Public Safety, PCPS V1.0 – New OMA work item based on PoC 1.0, PoC 2.0 and PoC 2.1 Specifications – Updated specification for LTE technology; up to 3GPP Release 12 – Defines no mission critical features or capability

Cynthia Wenzel Cole Chris Wilson CTO/ceo Senior Technologist [email protected] [email protected]

Sponsored by:

Presented by: PTIG - The Project 25 Technology Interest Group www.project25.org – Booth 1853

Project 25 College of Technology Project 25 Products and Services Chris Lougee Chair, TIA Private Radio Section, Vice President, Icom America IWCE 2015, Las Vegas, Nevada March 16, 2015

Presented by: PTIG - The Project 25 Technology Interest Group www.project25.org – Booth 1853 © 2015 PTIG Project 25 - Five Original Goals 1. Competition in system life-cycle procurements 2. Graceful Migration (Backward & Forward) 3. Interoperability 4. Spectrum Efficiency 5. User-Friendly Equipment

• Initial principles and promises – have they been met? • World wide penetration – has it occurred? • Multiple vendors of products and services – is there choice? • Competition – do they compete for your business? • Interoperability – does it exist in meaningful tiers? • Scalable Solutions – are they available to fit your needs? • Adoption rate in the U.S. – are P25 systems being deployed? • Future trends – are deployments increasing? • Spectrum Efficiency – has it been achieved? • Range of support resources – are they readily available? • P25 – will it meet Public Safety needs for another 25 years?

15 fixed station/repeater suppliers 14 Subscriber suppliers 13 console suppliers 15 network providers 4 test equipment Console

suppliers power audio Channel A Channel B 5 consultant services

Available in VHF, UHF, 700, 800, and 900 MHz 34 Vendors for Project 25 Equipment and Services 56 © 2015 PTIG PTIG - Project 25 Technology Interest Group IWCE 2015 Multiple vendors ? Project 25 Products and Services Available Fixed Mobile & PTIG Member Organizations Test Systems Consultant Stations & Portable Consoles Networks Software www.Project25.org Equipment Integration Services Repeaters Radios AECOM AEROFLEX AIRWAVE SOLUTIONS AIRBUS DS COMMS (FORMERLY CASSIDIAN) ANRITSU AVTEC CATALYST COMMUNICATIONS COBHAM AVIONICS CODAN RADIO (FORMERLY DANIELS) CYNERGYZE DVSI EF JOHNSON ETHERSTACK FEDERAL ENGINEERING, INC GENESIS GROUP HARRIS CORPORATION ICOM AMERICA IDA CORPORATION JVC KENWOOD MIDLAND RADIO MOD-U-COM MOTOROLA SOLUTIONS PANTEL INTERNATIONAL POWERTRUNK RELM WIRELESS SIMOCO SPECTRA ENGINEERING STANDARD COMM PTY LTD - GME TAIT COMMUNICATIONS TECHNISONICS TELEX RADIO DISPATCH VERTEX STANDARD WIRELESS PACIFIC ZETRON 34 15 14 13 15 5 4 15 5 57 © 2015 PTIG PTIG - Project 25 Technology Interest Group IWCE 2015 Interoperability ?

• TIA-102 suite of standards – 89 Standards documents completed – Interoperable digital Project 25 equipment – Common Air Interface – Fixed Site “Wireline” Interfaces

P25 FDMA Common Air Interface • Most widely deployed • Conventional and Trunking Operation P25 FDMA COMMON AIR INTERFACE TRUNKING Phase 2 OPERATION CONVENTIONAL OPERATION P25 TDMA P25 TDMA Common Air Interface COMMON AIR INTERFACE • Trunking Operation Only TRUNKING OPERATION • Voice only

• Interface standards – Inter-RF Sub-System Interface –ISSI – Console Sub-System Interface – CSSI – Fixed Station Interface - FSI – Telephone Interconnect • Maintain P25 functionality beyond the air interface – Eliminate translators/gateways/application shifts • Multi Vendor ISSI Demonstrations and Tests (2007-2010) APCO 2007 Baltimore IWCE 2008 APCO 2008 KC Commercial ISSI GW Test – JAN 2010 • ISSI, FSI, CSSI successfully deployed – Expanding Vendor Introductions for FSI and CSSI. • Improves choices and options • Multiple vendor sourcing beyond subscribers only

August 15, 2013 Project 25 Technology Interest Group 60 © 2015 PTIG PTIG - Project 25 Technology Interest Group IWCE 2015 Interoperability? Compliance Assessment Program • Improve confidence in purchasing P25 land mobile radio (LMR) equipment • Ensures that P25 features and services offered… – comply with P25 standards – capable of interoperating across manufacturers • Suppliers declaration of compliance - SDocs – Detail standardized test reports by CAP accredited labs – Products and versions tested – Other vendors tested against – Pass/fail results for each feature • Managed by DHS OIC – Grant guidance by DHS OEC 61 © 2015 PTIG PTIG - Project 25 Technology Interest Group IWCE 2015 Testing Documents

• Conformance Testing – Conformance testing includes verification of the messages as specified in the P25 standard • Performance Testing – Performance testing includes measurements that verify product specifications as specified in the P25 standard • Interoperability Testing – Interoperability testing includes functional testing between manufacturer A’s equipment and manufacturer B’s equipment per the Project 25 standard • Recommended Compliance Assessment Tests (RCAT) – Subset of tests collected from above test documents related to a specific interface or service

Compliance Assessment Program (CAP) • P25 CAP testing ensures that there is a choice – Multiple vendors subscriber equipment is tested on Multiple vendor Networking equipment • Provides a mechanism for P25 equipment suppliers to formally demonstrate their products' compliance – Testing a key subset of the P25 Standards – Performed in CAP recognized labs • Published results – After testing SDOCs and STRs are published by DHS FirstResponder.Gov

64 © 2015 PTIG PTIG - Project 25 Technology Interest Group IWCE 2015 65 © 2015 PTIG PTIG - Project 25 Technology Interest Group IWCE 2015 66 © 2015 PTIG PTIG - Project 25 Technology Interest Group IWCE 2015 67 © 2015 PTIG PTIG - Project 25 Technology Interest Group IWCE 2015 Interoperability?

http://www.project25.org/images/stories/ptig/11-022-R10_PTIG_P25Capabilities_Guide_9.29.14.pdf PTIG GUIDE TO P25 CAPABILITIES

• Audit your current system • Plan for a new system • Coordinate with others

• Project 25 Requires Backward Compatibility

– From FDMA/P25 to Analog/Legacy – From TDMA to FDMA – Migrate with a smooth cut over, retaining existing radios. – Fully compliant with current RF licensing and spectrum policy.

Configuration Trunking Conventional Description/Benefit Supported Multicast Enables coverage of wider areas with fewer transmitter sites when compared to simulcast Simulcast Enables reuse of frequencies to increase coverage penetration of a given area and for spectral efficiency Direct/Simplex Supported in SUs Enables radio to radio communication without for off-network fixed infrastructure. Quicker communication for operation onsite scenarios such as a fire ground Repeated Enables a radio call to be repeated from one frequency to another, enabling communications over a larger geographic area Voting Improved inbound communications for portable radios Single Site Enables radio communications within one site’s worth of coverage Multi-Site Enables radio communications over several site’s worth of coverage

Still Increasing

Cumulative market share

Source: IMS Research Data for end-of-year 2012

Source: IMS Research New and replacement each year – trunking and conventional

• The “Push” to digital migration continues • Need for additional capacity in urban areas (TDMA) • Need for wide area systems (Phase 1 and Phase 2) • P25 Momentum, it’s the “interoperable technology”

Forecast Global P25 Radio Shipments Data Courtesy of: IHS Technology - Critical Communications Division

700/800 MHz P25 interoperability possible in 45 states

77 © 2015 PTIG PTIG - Project 25 Technology Interest Group IWCE 2015 • Continues to change and adapt • A “Living Standard” – Regulatory – Technology – User needs • Long term P25 influenced by 700 MHz Interop Channels (mandate P25) • Agencies desire interoperability with V/U systems • P25 Phase 2 projects being rolled out • NPSTC says “Cell phone” technology won’t meet PS needs

• Initial principles and promises – have they been met? Yes! • World wide penetration – has it occurred? Yes! • Multiple vendors of products and services – real choices? Yes! • Competition – do they compete for your business? Yes! • Interoperability – does it exist in meaningful tiers? Yes! • Scalable Solutions – are they available to fit your needs? Yes! • Adoption rate in the U.S. – P25 systems being deployed? Yes! • Future trends – will deployments increase? Yes! • Range of support resources – are they readily available? Yes! • P25 –will it continue to evolve to meet public safety needs? Yes!

80 © 2015 PTIG PTIG - Project 25 Technology Interest Group IWCE 2015 Thank you for your continued interest and support of the Project 25 Standard! Chris Lougee Chair, TIA Private Radio Section, Vice President, Icom America email: [email protected]