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By
SAMUEL ALFONSO DELGADO CABALLERO
Colombia 2008
Content FINGER PRINTS ORIGINALITY...... 4 Intrinsic qualitative characteristics on macroscopic level ...... 4 Mycroscopy and lofoscopy ...... 5 Originality principle of papilar prints or samdel postulate...... 5 RE-ESTABLISHING LEVEL III ...... 6 NATURALS...... 6 ORIGINALS:...... 7 ARTIFICIALS...... 7 ORIGINAL PAPILAR DRAWINGS...... 7 Visible or printed Original papilar reproductions...... 7 Original latent papilar reproductions...... 8 Positive open porous...... 8 Close or negative porous...... 8 Occluded porous...... 8 ARTIFICIAL PAPILAR DRAWINGS ...... 8 Visible or print papilar reproductions...... 8 Papilar artificial latent reproductions...... 9 PRINTING SYSTEMS...... 9 Relief Print...... 9 Typography...... 9 Flexography ...... 10 Dry Offset...... 10 Deeper Prints...... 10 Engraved hollow or Rotogravado...... 10 Relieves with metallic stamps...... 10 Dry Stamps...... 10 Plane impressions or prints...... 10 Offset...... 10 Gelatin Prints ...... 11 Hectographed and Collotype or prototype...... 11 Hectograph...... 11 Collotype or prototype...... 11 ADDITION CHARACTERISTICS...... 11 Imperfections of elaboration ...... 11 Improper defects...... 11 Proper defects...... 11 Unique sigilar contour...... 12 Flexible typography...... 12 FIRST CASE VERIFIED BY MYCROLOFOSCOPY...... 12 MYCROSCOPHIC DIFFERENCES ...... 13 OF PRE AND POST-MORTEM FINGER PRINTS ...... 13 DERMIC PAPILS...... 13 TEGUMENTARY HOMEOSTASIS...... 13 Perspiration, ...... 13 HYPOTESIS...... 14 STUDY MATERIALS ...... 14 Applied technology...... 14 Researching results ...... 14 Acrosiringious diameter reduction...... 14 Interpapilar interval variation or wrinkle...... 14 Illustrative evidence in one single scale ...... 14 Fingerprint Pre-mortem...... 14 Fingerprints Post-Mortem...... 14 A WOMAN CUT DOWN A FOREFINGER TO HER HUSBAN, TO RECEIVE HIS PENSION...... 15 NON- EXCLUSIVE AND DEBATABLE PRINTS ...... 15 Substantial Dactyloscopic unit (SDU/UDS) ...... 15 Structural Unit (UE)...... 15 Natural anatomic unit (UNA)...... 16 IMAGES ...... 17
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INVENTIONS AND PATENTS 978-958-44-3050-2 All the reserved rights PUBLISHED 2008-03-13 Colombia.
Exordium
This scientific essay was written as bibliographic reference on the results pf investigation and procedure manual of “Mycrolofoscopia”, all the technique support was a documental on the inductive reasoning and the objective analysis of truth and science. Dissipating any soul of doubt that could be tile about these conclusions, “The scientific proof is the absolute truth”, A transcendental change is revealed of the expert dactyloscopy proof, from the technique method towards the scientific method, that reaffirm the dactyloscopy as science and discover the personnel singularity, by the essence of its originality1(1).The dactyloscopy scientist community , recognize that the natural papilar drawings, posses inherent qualitative characteristics of specificity that are imperceptibles for the human eye as absolute truth of their originality; An original universal law of Ideographic sciences, applied on forensic sciences. Does an incursion on Microscopic science of papillary drawings applying level III from the principle of originality, correlated in level I and II. And understand that is necessary reform the scientific language, adjust to the semantic definitions and in the meaning of these words; no-different to the significance.
Is necessary to break the paradigms, implementing definitions of scientific concepts and never self-criticism by imposition. “The opinion of the technique scientist community, prevail, On the individual concept without reason”. The Author.
Intrinsic qualitative characteristics on macroscopic level
It’s proved in a scientific way, prove that the dermal papilar crest posses four attributes or scientific perennial principles, that are immutable, diversiform and originals, that have intrinsic qualitative characteristics on macroscopic level that establish uniqueness and on microscopic intrinsic characteristics in a specific qualitative sight and are imperceptibles and determine their originality.
The forensic sciences are prevail by the Universal principle of identificatives qualitative characteristics and extrinsic and intrinsic quantitative characteristics of specificity on macroscopic and microscopic level, proper for each gender, that identify them in a trustily way from the others, under the scientific truth.
The dactylography is based exclusively in the macroscopic level that is called macrolofoscopia; it means qualitative and quantitative characteristics that could be perceived by the human eyes that are known as characteristically points, minuteness, analytic characters or GALTON details.
The forensic community headed by INTERPOL, determined that the dactylography study has to include three levels, under the ACEV method (Analysis, comparison, evaluation and verification, to establish truly the human identity):
- Level I characteristics, corresponds to the type or papilar patron. - Level II characteristics, characteristically points or details. - Level III characteristics, Porous copy analysis (porous shape) and Crestoscopy (combs shapes) as identification method.
1 DELGADO CABALLERO, Samuel Alfonso. Invenciones y Patentes. ISBN: 978-958-44-3050-2 PUBLISHED 2008-03-13. Available on INTERNET: www.monografias.com 2007
Mycroscopy and lofoscopy
Doctor and Histology father; Italian Marcelo Malpigui in 1664, discovered that the origin of epidermal relief formation in the skin and friction are the dermal papilar. Three centuries after the French Edmond Alexander Locard in 1912 published his study on Porous copy; method that allows to identify the human being by the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the porous the exist on the papillary crests, when level II is insufficiency, because the porous posses the same principle as papillary crests; But this method was not applied in a big way owing certain inconvenient that were presented in the analysis, like the morphology alteration of the porous textures and paper fibers and the unskilfulness due for this analysis. In 1962 SALIL Chatterjee realizes his study named Crestoscopy, which reveals the diversity papilar combs identificatives in each one of the impressions.
The printings could be elaborated in a fraudulent way using stamps, producing visible and latent prints that could be identify by its impression system, discovered by Edmond Locard 1912, strengthened by the American graphologist THEODORE KYTKA in 1913 and MILTON CARLSON in 1920 and by the producer and photographer ALBERT WEDHE that in 1924 ∗ published his own boo “Finger Prints can be forget” and Samuel Alfonso Delgado Caballero Lecturer of originality principle of papilar prints and promoter on world level of Mycrolofoscopia in face of the scientific technique community IEEGFI, in the 5th International Symposium in finger prints, from crime scene international searching from 4-6 June 2008 at General Command of INTERPOL in Lyon France.
Originality principle of papilar prints or samdel postulate.
The papilar combs posses qualitative and quantitative proprieties, in microscopic level, that do the distinction and could be valuated of its print system that accept its biologic physiology in natural origin and its originality pre and post-mortem.
The originality is scientific postulates, which confirms the principles of lofoscopia and recognize the physiologic origin of natural kind about papilar combs; as complement for the microscopic analysis on level III applied by Interpol, like an efficacious tool to identify the untrue or supplanting about printing using technology on XXI century.
Foments the scientific method and the obligatoriety of microscopy inside the lofoscopia studies, in one branch named Mycrolofoscopia2, elevating the scientific labor of the expert and giving a level of science that is attributed to the papilar identification.
Is important to clarify, that deny this principle, is to turn into a scientific deceit the lofoscopia, because is a mistake to compare the original isolated type of prints ( of natural way)and the artificial isolated type prints (copies), excluding the certainty and give space to its appreciation as method of orientation or probability.
“The biological exist or does not exist” The biological differentiation as natural and coherent incidence; the singularity, could not be sometimes partial and sometimes impartial. Any part of a fingerprint, it does not matter if is small or big, just has an origin. (David Ashbough, study; from ∗∗ Real Policy Montada of Canada).
∗ DELGADO CABALLERO SAMUEL ALFONSO, August 06/05, available on INTERNET: www.monografias.com 2007
2 DELGADO CABALLERO SAMUEL ALFONSO, Mycrolofoscopia Author. Presented to the technique scientific community IEEGFI, on 5th International Symposium in Fingerprints. From Crime scene to International searching June 4-6 /08 at INTERPOL General Command in Lyon France.
∗∗ (look at David Ashbough study, Real Policy Montada of Canada IEEGFI.1.) RE-ESTABLISHING LEVEL III
In the majority of countries around the world, the dactylography or dactyloscopy analysis is centered exclusively on the macroscopic level or level I and II, Patron identification and localization of details or Galton characteristics, which trustworthily establish and without any edge of mistake the uniqueness to the papilar draw and similarity or personal data.
The papilar drawings were classified into:
- Natural: Epidermal papilar drawings of friction skin, known as mountain ranges or papilar combs. - Artificial: Printed drawings painting natural drawings with special ink. - Latent: Generally invisible drawings left by the natural fingerprints.
On forensic sciences the technique establishments go joined with the scientific criteria and can not be against the technique-scientific definition about the language. Is important to keep in mind the following definitions according to the dictionary DRAE, to re-establish papilar drawings.
Under the scientific support; is imminent reconsider in dactyloscopy the following terminology and papilar drawings classification:
The papilar drawings that are present in the friction skin are without any doubt naturals, because of their origin, formation.
The word artificial is a synonym of false, that is not natural and is product of human genius. It should not consider the natural direct finger prints as artificial, to indicate that are in opposition to the natural, been a big semantic mistake. This word unknows the principle of originality of papilar impressions and gives to the false criterions to original papilar drawings.
The marks or drawings left by the papilar relieves, are prints or fingerprints, as they are synonymous both of them could be used; the word fingerprint is print, it means in a visible form and the word trace to the invisible traces or latent traces. Is reasonable consider this appreciation, the papilar visible images are fingerprints, and the latent papilar images are traces. Appealing to the document criteria the word ORIGINAL refers to the original patron; for the type writing and papilar traces left by the natural patron.
The concept artificial refers to the human genius product between them technological advances like photography, scanner, photocopy and graphic Arts, etc., Are the images produced in an artificial way that preserves its artificial nature and no-natural creation. The word reproduction refers to each-one of the copies taken from the original, obtained by artificial procedure. And the word false is that one that is simulated, pretended or created, although the concept fixes to the fingerprints that are the original-ones, can not be use to talk about artificial fingerprints, because they are not false but are reproductions; The delinquent is never going to adulterate papilar fingerprints but is going to copy them from the original patron or another reproduction.
As conclusion the papilar drawings are classified into:
NATURALS.
Epidermal papilar drawings of friction skin, with physiologic origin, known as mountain ranges or papilar combs.
About natural papilar drawings, are obtained original papilar drawings or original reproductions; the natural papilar drawings, can be reproduce artificially in direct form by photograpies or scanner, with became in original papilar drawings.
ORIGINALS:
Papilar drawings or visible latent reproductions are obtained from natural drawings that are divided in:
- Original visible or printed reproductions. - Original latent reproductions - Original molded reproductions.
From original reproductions or original papilar drawings, are obtained artificial papilar drawings or artificial reproductions.
ARTIFICIALS.
Artificial papilar drawings or visible latent reproductions are obtained from the copy or reproduction of drawings or papilar original reproductions, by mechanic means or technically impress, that are divided in:
- Artificial latent reproductions. - Artificial molded reproductions. - Visible or printed artificial reproductions.
The natural papilar drawings are images sliders or natural stamps that in direct way reproduce or copy truly their drawings or images and under the transfer law their original proprieties. These images are faithful copy of the natural, with original transference, and that every one of the images that are not a direct reproductions by contact with the natural should be consider artificial.
The Mycrolofoscopia3 found its bases under established principles of forensic sciences, the identificatives qualitative and quantitative intrinsic characteristics of imperceptible specificity for human eye; of documentologic science about print-system, and criminologist law about “Transference”, that endorse the papilar combs principle “ Law of originality or Samdel´s Principle.
ORIGINAL PAPILAR DRAWINGS
Visible or printed Original papilar reproductions.
All the original papilar reproductions4, show micro characteristics of the hybrid impression system of flexible printing proper for papilar combs that transfer their imperceptible, intrinsic, qualitative characteristics of specificity.
Is necessary that in the Mycrolofoscopia analysis, are differentiated the fibers on the stand with the ´papilar porous, considering that is limited by the quality of the original papilar fingerprints and by the disturbances (drag, pasting and translapades fingerprints. Image 1 and 2.
The microscopic characteristics of the impression system of papilar combs about the original visible or printed reproductions are:
3 Word proposed by the Colombian SAMUEL ALFONSO DELGADO CABALLERO, February 22nd 2005, and on world level IEEGFI 04-06-2008 in Lyon France at the 5th International Symposium of Fingerprints for Crime Scene to International searching”, at INTERPOL General Command.
4 DELGADO CABALLERO, Samuel Alfonso, 06 August 2005. Available on INTERNET: www.monografias.com 2007
- Porous or Acrosiringious presence. - Side crests irregularities. - Uniform ink inside the crest.
Original latent papilar reproductions
The original latent papilar reproduction, have different composition that the original visible papilar drawings, because they are produced by sweat segregation and the contamination of greasy fat, therefore is necessary comprehend that this type of print is originated by humidity or viscosity, originated for excretion from sweating glands by the sockets in the Acrosiringious (porous), producing a distinctive effect on the latent traces or original latent papilar drawings, related to the visible prints, or original visible papilar drawings, the porous are registered and categorizing on three types:
Positive open porous. They conserve the cells clean or without residue (empty), image 3. Close or negative porous. They record the cell covert (full) and delineated crests. Image 4. Occluded porous. Where is impossible to see any-single pore, because of the excessive segregation. Image 5.
To high certainty on the analysis, is recommended to make the confrontation against the original patrons of visible prints, the crest of the original latent prints are wider and have reduced wrinkles, owe to the watery medium that produce them. Image 6.
ARTIFICIAL PAPILAR DRAWINGS
Visible or print papilar reproductions. The technology and printed system exceed the imagination, the printed papilar drawings could be reproduce mechanically with cheap techniques, like as photocopies, scanner, photograpies and by means of all the impression or printing systems, stamps reproductions and by another visual mean. Image 7.
Actually the process to elaborate stamps is by digital technology and using chemical substances, elaborated at printings or graphic Arts workrooms, they could re- produce any macroscopic image, always if you count with a patron to copy that could be: The original-one, photocopy, a scanning image, photos or by any visual mean; beginning with this principle, the printer can elaborate any stamp starting from an image and the fingerprints are just images. There fore stamps of fingerprints could be elaborated.
The fingerprints expert has to identify the macroscopic characteristics of the printing system that has a s study material and recognize those ones that shows contrary characteristics compared with the original ones, when the macroscopic analysis finishes and it established that it is an artificial papilar reproduction; it has to be reported to the Documentation office to establish what was the printing system used.
The artificial reproduction of sigilar origin, regist identificatives characterisitics of typing and flexolografia impression systems; besides the following details: image 8.
- Porous or Acrosingious are not present5 - Regular or lineal borders on crests. - Accumulated ink on crests borders or compact uniformity.6
5 LOCARD, Edmond. Les Pores ET la decouverte des criminels biographies. Lyon.1912
6 WEHDE, Albert. “Finger prints can be forged” 1924. These characteristics on printing system of artificial stamps is owing to the crests are lineal on their borders And has plain relief, that makes that the ink goes to the extremes and does not have total uniformity “lighter on the center and dark on the border”, and the porous are not registered.7
The characterisitics showed before change according to the print or impression system used and they assume the proper characteristics of these systems, but always the artificial papilar reproductions have a common characteristic that is which they don not posses porous and the crests sides are lineal.8 The microphotography is fundamental as demonstrative evidence to support the conclusions and as scientific thrut of the results; dissipating any doubt .see illustration 9.
Papilar artificial latent reproductions. The artificial reproductions as sigilar stamps besides visible reproductions produce latent artificial reproductions, impregnating them with sweat and tallowy fat. Image 10.
The analysis of this type of prints requires more observation and more accomplishment in Mycrolofoscopia field, intensifying the brushing technique, the microscopic characterisitics reveled on artificial latent reproductions are:
- They do not regist porous. - Slim crests and extent wrinkles, owing to the watery mean. - Insufficiency, which is just perceptible having an original patron reference that conserves the reactive similarity in equal surface. Image 11.
The microscopic characteristics of artificial latent papilar reproductions are similar to the papilar visible/print artificial reproductions, even though they do not regist porous; owing to the watery mean insufficiency, their crests are not wide as those on original latent reproductions, being really notorious differences by microscopic comparison.
The Mycrolofoscopic study ends establishing if the papilar drawings are original or artificial. If is determined that is an artificial reproduction is sended to the documents lab to establish the impression printing system used. [On near future the AND analysis of latent stamp to determine of the sweat of the fingerprints was shape really by the papilar drawings owner, has to be applied].
The microscopic characteristics of original papilar drawings are totally contrary to artificial papilar drawings, but necessarily are distinguished by microscopically evidence on the artificial origin and reveled the stamps or prints of the applied impression system.
PRINTING SYSTEMS The systems9 could be in relief, profundity and plane. In elemental form are:
Relief Print
Typography. The originals have to be converted in typographic forms and stereotypes; which will be inked, where the paper is supported and does pressure. Image 12.
The particularity of this system is the relief that is produce at the back of the paper, owing to the pressure did on its-self. For the printing are used MINERVA PLANE machines. Image 13.
7 LOCARD, Edmond. Les Pores ET la decouverte des criminels biographies. Lyon.1912 8 WEHDE, Albert. “Finger prints can be forged” 1924. 9 Available on Internet. http://www.geocities.com www.graficacogtal.com.ar/impresion.html.
∗ The Koening machine counted with rollers to ink the forms, and one table or mobile horizontal slide platen, which slides under the inker roller and the impresser drum that transport the paper, which takes ink and poured the forms by pressure that was applied for that drum. Image 14.
Besides to make the inked and the printing, the platen had dimensions that allow the collocation of different forms of a book, giving the beginning to the impression of sheets, about 4,8 or 16 pages to print, the forms have to hide in the branches on the platen machine.
Flexography. Copying by contact typographic forms are made pictures of vulcanized rubber, that conserve the relief of those forms and adhere to the cylinders of the rotative machines, from bobbin to bobbin, that are printed with aniline, all the colors at the same time. They are used on flexible material prints10 and or waterproof, for food package and wrapper papers for advertisement or fancy. Image 15.
Dry Offset. It is not the water elimination on offset11 “and does not have relation with the lithography12 the aluminum press on the cylinder press porter of the printer by a photopolymer, with a surface recorded in high quality print. Is indirect typography, but the BLANKET system has advantages of both systems: high velocity, strong colors and less pressure on the back. Image 16.
Deeper Prints
Engraved hollow or Rotogravado. 1- The inked of the iron cylinder, 2- The extra ink is withdrawal, 3- Put pressure on the paper, 4- The ink is adhered to the paper. Image 17. The print is deeply developed (hole) similar to the typographic system but in down, creating an extended range of tones, light or dark ones. Rotative machines are used, specifically in popular diaries and magazines.
Relieves with metallic stamps. The stamp is used in a steel press of 6 mm thickness in which the deeply is recorded, by hand with chisels, the text and the drawings are write from right to left, as 13 all the typographies . The impression is made filling with a special ink the hole and using a roll, pressure is applied on the cardboard or paper to transfer the ink to the support, getting the characteristically relief on this technique. Image 18.
Dry Stamps. In similar way to the print and impression, but without ink, used to reproduce corporation or enterprises reliefs logos, the shield on the official documents and high level works.
Plane impressions or prints
The image is drawn in an inverted way on a special stone; that absorbs humidity, with greasy paint that rejects water. The stone that absorbs water is moisture on the non-drawing side, allowing that the ink will settle to the drawing side. The paper is lean, and does pressure with a roller, obtaining the print. Image 19.
Offset. Based on the lithography principle, supplanting the stone for a metallic press and the draw for a photo mechanics copy, the print is indirect, because the image from the press is transferred to a rubber blanket and from this to the printer support.
∗ 1801, Friedrich Köening 10 Available on Internet. http://www.geocities.com 11 Available on Internet. www.graficacogtal.com.ar/impresion.html. 12 Ibid. Available on Internet. www.graficacogtal.com.ar/impresion.html. 13 Available on Internet. http://www.geocities.com Gelatin Prints Hectographed and Collotype or prototype. these methods14 of printing goes down the category of plane impressions like as lithography, owing to the principle that is based on that greasy and water never going to mix.
Hectograph. It consist in a crystal plaque that has a sensibilized gelatin cover with chromo-salts, which is send the wanted image by means of a negative continuous tone, without reticule. The gelatin is coagulated and therefore it becomes in an ink receptor or rejecter in direct proportion to the quantity of light that goes trough the pellicle; the results something like that one on a lithography.
Collotype or prototype. Was developing in Germany in 1870 and was preview principally by images or illustrations without reticule. Procedure that reproduces the image with higher exactness, but its trace is slowly and limited (1000 copies per plaque).
It is principally use for small traces work, on the reproduction without reticule of photograpies, pictures and ancient documents. Any process could surpass to get exact reproductions with precious details and a range of tones. It is known as for a lot of color works, the COLLOTYPE will be indefinitely more punctual than other processes.
The print is doing by means of a weft open cloth, in a frame, that is emulsionated with a sensible light material15. By contact, the original, is exposed to light, to harden the free images parts. By the cloth washing the water dissolve the part non-exposed living that free parts on the cloth. The printing support is placed on the frame, which inside is placed the ink that is extended on all the cloth by a rubber ruler. The ink goes across the cloth in the image and goes to the paper. The wood frame is adjusted to a table by means of hinges, which allow up or down it to put or remove the printed sheets. Image 20.
See microscopic characteristics of some of the print-systems to have a better understanding about the originality principle of papilar combs. Images 21, 22, 23, 24, 25 and 26.
Besides of the proper characteristics that the printing systems posses, is important to remark that during the process of elaboration of the images, stamps or artificial reproductions, acquire other peculiarities or additional characteristics16 or original patron imperfections, that are not posses by the original drawings.17
ADDITION CHARACTERISTICS
Are important to remark that artificial reproductions, just copy the macroscopic characteristics of specificity or characteristically points, and that besides have additional characteristics, which are: imperfections of elaborations, improper defects, proper defects and unique sigilar contour.
Imperfections of elaboration. Acquired during the elaboration process. Image 27.
Improper defects. From original patron (ink clots, binding and drag). Image 28.
Proper defects. From original patron as temporary superficial exfoliations of the epidermis that allow to establish its chronology of obtaining18. Image 29.
14 Available on Internet. www.geocities.com. www.graficacogtal.com.ar/impresion.html. 15 Available on Internet. www.geocities.com. 16 LOCARD, Edmond. Les pores et la decouverte des criminels biológica. Lyon. 1912. 17 DELGADO CABALLERO, Samuel Alfonso. 18 Delgado Caballero, Samuel Alfonso, inventions and patents. Originality on fingerprints ISBN:978-958-44-3050- 2.published 2008-03-13. Available on Internet: www.monografias.com 2007 Unique sigilar contour. The reproduction maintains the same contour each-time that is printed, image 30.
Characteristics of addition, allow to locate the original patron which was taken the copy. The artificial reproductions or copies from other artificial copy increase their imperfections by additions that make a considerable difference from original reproductions. It could happen because of epidermis exfoliation of the original patron that leaves traces of that superficial damage in the original papilar draw, which with the time are renovated and vanish, been impossible that sprout in the same point of location, size, form and number. When is founded a papilar reproduction that regist these characteristics of artificial reproduction and in some case their contemporary19. Image 31.
The natural papilar drawings are stamps and they are similar to the typographic technique and flexography their printed images by direct visible contact and latent posses identificatives qualificative characteristics and quantitative intrinsic characteristics of specificity that are imperceptibles for human eye, that gives the essence as originals, the dactiloscopist required very well knowledge of these identificatives details, that allow to establish if talks about papilar drawings or artificial papilar drawings.
The technique or natural procedure of obtention of the reliefs of natural papilar is located on the technique procedure of graphic-arts (whole of the procedures to print texts, drawings, prints, etc), that are similar to the typography and flexography. The skin is flexible and upholster, like cushions that are adapted to the surface, in a combinations of these two printing systems typographic and flexography like a hybrid system of flexible typography. Image 32.
Flexible typography. In Graphic Arts each print system, posses unique intrinsic microscopic qualitative characteristics that do the difference from the other systems and confer their origin of artificiality, as universal postulates of forensic documentation. Image 33.
FIRST CASE VERIFIED BY MYCROLOFOSCOPY
The following is a textual extraction of a piece of a new published on RCN Television Web-page, on its T.V. Show LA NOCHE, transmitted in October 31st 2007, where was revealed the first judicial case in Colombia, where say that could be possible that the print which works in a document is artificial (false)and non-original, giving value to the principle of originality of papilar drawings, by means of Mycrolofoscopia.
LA NOCHE RCN obtained the seven pages document where La Fiscalia General de la Nación determined that the initial Proof to investigate the withdrawn retired Navy Admiral GABRIEL ERNESTO ARANGO BACCI, because he had an accusation for a supposed collaboration with the MAFIA, was false. A ticket for 115.000 dollars where apparently appear the prints of the admiral, result in an artificial fingerprint and no-natural. It was exclusive for LA NOCHE RCN. Three months later , the country was informed about one of the biggest scandals that shakes the National Navy because of the discussion had been centered on the famous “Queen proof” and an investigation had been open to the Admiral ∗ ARANGO BACCI The documents end like this.
19 WEHDE, Albert. “Fingerprints can be forged”, 1924. ∗ Available on Internet. RCN TV. MYCROSCOPHIC DIFFERENCES
OF PRE AND POST-MORTEM FINGER PRINTS
The human identification by means of dactyloscopy, resolve the problem that the state had, talking about the protection of the citizens rights, increasing the confidence of the society to develop freely its commercial development. But, apart of those things, the delinquency never had 20 been quiet and permanently looks the way to keep the society their belongings. The identity is very vulnerable when the people do not know the dactyloscopic identity, because just showing an identification document I.D. they think that this has to be the same person. The dactyloscopy allows identifying the human living beings or death human beings. Because our fingerprints don not change when we die. If they violate our identity and our rights if we are alive, how much could they do with our identity when we die!
Samuel Alfonso Delgado Caballero, present to the Technique-scientific community IEEGFI, on the 5th International Symposium in Fingerprints from Crime scene to International Searching from 4-6 June 2008 at the General Command of INTERPOL, in Lyon France.
Until these day, never was realized a researching investigation with scientific basis, that establish the differences between the fingerprints, from the same person pre and post-mortem. To expose the consistence of the investigation is necessary to define some concepts of Lofoscopy investigation:
DERMIC PAPILS Discovered by Marcelo Malpighi in1665, they are located on the external papilar stratum of the dermis; they are conic prolongations formed by a biped fibril framework and a tilt nervous axis on the center. The deeper part or reticular stratum is crossed by bases and nerves, and on it are located the sweating ecrine glands. The papil have as main function maintain joined the epidermis (epithelial lid).
The papils are countless, and they do not have genetic parameters or heritage, originating unrepeatable forms that are prolonged until they go to the surface in an infinity of mountain ranges, that we know as papilar combs. Which are separated by valleys that are called wrinkles, presents on friction skin in hands and feet. The Forensic scientific and father of Modern Criminalistic Edmond Locard shows to the world a new auxiliary branch of dactyloscopy, the POROUSCOPY, Which allows the full identification of a person; by means of the morphology and topography of sweat ecrine porous, which are present on papilar combs. The porouscopy was the compass that oriented our research to study the morphologic changes on sweat ecrine Acrosiringious after death fingerprints.
TEGUMENTARY HOMEOSTASIS All the system on our organism posses a morph functional relation, where the tegumentary system is integrated to the rest of the body. Sweat excretion, grease excretion, queratogenesis and melanogenesis.
Perspiration, or insensible transpiration, the sweating is an active process, thanks to the sweating ecrine glands that eliminate water on the body surface, in a warm and dry environment, the water evaporation from the skin goes to be the principal factor of termic interchange, because on the active sweat excretion increase the quantity of available water for evaporation.
20 DELGADO CABALLERO, Samuel Alfonso, August 06 2005. Available on Internet: www.monografias.com 2007
The sweating glands are innervates by the nervous simpatico system and are cholinergic, more than adrenergic. Just secrete sweat when they are stimulated by nervous components, and the sweat volume is proportional to the frequency of afferent nervous impulses.
This global effect of the nervous system about the elimination of sweat usually is called sweat- motor activity. The rhythm on the environmental temperature and the degree of muscular work that is taking place; and the level of anxiety of the individual face a tense situation, anguish, or excitement.
The Acrosiringious are long-winded with the increase of water flow, originating from the sweat ecrine glands, by nervous stimulus. A human deign when is in a difficult situation increase its body sweat production. In an extreme situation where the life goes away, the nervous tension exceed the normal limits, that connect a reaction of physical functions, that are interrupted or stopped precipitously by the death.
HYPOTESIS The interruption of the nervous stimulus of sweat glands, origins decrease on the Acrosiringious diameter and their occlusion.
STUDY MATERIALS The fingerprints of 100 males were analyzed, they were registered by different crimes, and violent killed, against their “post-mortem” finger prints (Mycrodactylography). By quality control the best of them were selected; The analysis was realized mono-dactilar 1000 pre-mortem prints and 2000 post-mortem, for a total of 2000 analyzed fingerprints.
Applied technology. Microscope of comparison ballistics, LEIKA mark, model DMC, with digital incorporated camera and POLAND microscope.
Researching results Acrosiringious diameter reduction. by Tegumentary homeostasis and the simpatic nervous system stagnation, the Acrosiringious decrease on their diameter gradually when the person is death, they will be totally occluded when the disease time enlarge.
Interpapilar interval variation or wrinkle. It is a considerable variation on the wrinkle or Interpapilar space, by dehydratation (mummification) or hydratation (Corification, adipocira y saponification) on the tegumentary system, producing proportional difference of spaces.
Illustrative evidence in one single scale Microphotography, correspondent to the same fingerprint, took in the pre and post-mortem, by the first hand of its nucleus. X= Individual.
Fingerprint Pre-mortem. A big number of Acrosiringious are observed maintaining the comparative patron of papilar wrinkles or interval. Image 35.
Fingerprints Post-Mortem. Acrosiringious number dicrease and wrinkles or interpapilar intervals decrease. see image 36.
This Research is a useful tool for justice to offset the POST-MORTEM identity manipulation.
A WOMAN CUT DOWN A FOREFINGER TO HER HUSBAN, TO RECEIVE HIS PENSION
This case was impressive for Colombia and the entire world, when was revealed the macabre find of Mistress ADALGIZA ESTHER ZABALETA21 that killed her husband AUGUSTO HERAZO 50 years old man Colpuertos, Pensioner’s , at Manuela’s Beltran Neighborhood in Soledad (Atlántico) helped by her son YESID (death man step-son) in 2000, the strange fact was that the forefinger was cut down and it was conserved under refrigeration, and almost during three years they received Adalgiza´s husband pension, shaping Augusto´s fingerprint each time that it was defrosted. Image 37 / 38.
Adalgiza told to Augusto Herazo´s family that he abandoned her to live with another woman, but they did not believe that story, they do a missing report; because of the prolonged rains, the field was wet and the body that was hide on the backyard begins to originate stinks on the air, fact that annoys the neighbors, that inform to the police to get a sanction, during the voluntary inspection of the house they did the macabre find, it was the death body of the missing Augusto Herazo´s, without his right forefinger , finding it conserved on the fridge in ice. This new allows the first publication on mycrolofoscopy at El Tiempo (Colombian journal), a discover at world-level of microscopic differences between pre and post-mortem fingerprints wrote by Samuel Alfonso ∗ Delgado Caballero, with collaboration of Doctor, MABEL AVILA CAMACHO .
NON- EXCLUSIVE AND DEBATABLE PRINTS
(If a print shows insufficient details but shows coincidences and a declaration from the expert is required (in exceptional cases), this declaration could be: the investigated person, that can be exclude as the origin of the latent fingerprint (without do the suggestion about a proof)page 23, 11 conclusion of IEEGFI.1) where is found That, the dactyloscopic substantial unit SDU or UDS, structural unit (UE) and Anatomic unit (UNA).
Substantial Dactyloscopic unit (SDU/UDS)
The SDU or substantial dactyloscopic unit, are the existent peculiarities in each part or divide fragment and do not posses enough quantitative available information, to establish the identity inclusion, that have to be added to accomplish with the normative in operation. (Like an example of SDU, the scare empirical analysis).
The Colombian Samuel Alfonso Delgado Caballero, researches to the scientific base of substantial dactyloscopic unit SDU, established the theories of the structural unit (UE) and the anatomic unit (UNA), as scientific bases for prints with insufficient details but that shows coincidences, which not get the quantitative level required for the normatively in operation.
Structural Unit (UE)
Is the design force of papilar combs, to correlate the isolated parts or SDU, by means of the prolongation of the continuity of the summon in conexion for its counterbalance, that shows the structural unit (UE) of the papilar drawing. Each part of the papilar drawing divided by artificial alteration, is consider as a SDU, But if the structural unit (UE) is established between the SDU, the single number of peculiarity is automatically added to get the normative in operation or minimal number of characteristically points established as certainty in the papilar identification. Image 39.
21 Journal EL TIEMPO, Saturday August 6th 2005 ∗ Dermatologist and dermatopatologist, dermasetetic-Botox. U. El Bosque, U Javeriana, U.Liege (Belgique).
It is applied on that cases where are found isolated fingerprints, in different reports and correspond to the same level or fingerprinting, but each one does not reach the minimum number of characteristically points, established on normatively in operation of level II caused by the alterations, applying the substantial dactyloscopic unit SDU and establishing its structural unit (UE), the points are added according to each-impression, reaching the quantitative level or normatively in operation and get the inclusion of the identity. Image 40
Natural anatomic unit (UNA)
The finger prints of each hand, posses a Natural Anatomic unit (UNA), down the adequate reasoning and the theory of compound probabilities, is established that the fingerprints taken from the same hand, that do not accomplish with the rules, are added between them to get the quantitative level required, because are part of the Natural Anatomic Unit (UNA) . If the summary of evidence of the prints in the same hand does not get the level, they are going to be added with the other hand prints, to reach the quantitative level required, thanks to the Natural Anatomic Unit (UNA) of its superior members.
Each print is a substantial dactyloscopic unit SDU by correlation to its Natural Anatomic Unit UNA, adding all the quantitative elements of the SDU in a single value. Example:
- On latent revealed fingerprints on the same hand, where each one of the fingerprints could emit insufficient information, without reach the minimum number of established characteristically points or normative in operation. Image 41.
- On the fingerprints took from corpses NN, by fleshy parts treatment. Image 42.
IMAGES
Image 1
Original Original.
Image 2
Original Original.
Image 3
Image 4
Image 5
Image 6
Original Original.
Image 7
Image 8
Artificial sigilar Artificial sigilar
Image 9
printed Original printed Artificial sigilar.
Image 10
Image 11
printed Original latent Original latent Artificial
Image 12
1- Typography in relief, 2- Inked in the way, 3- Pressure on the paper, 4- Retiro of the printed sheet.
Image 13
Image 14
Image 15
Image 16
Image 17
Image 18
Image 19
1- Moistened of the iron, 2- Inked, 3Pressure on the paper 4- Printed paper 22.
22 Disponible en internet. http://www.geocities.com. www.graficacogtal.com.ar/impresion.html. Image 20
1- Chablon or womb, 2- Womb emulsified with image, 3Impression, 4- Sheet form.
Flexografía. Image 21
Typography . Image 22
Serigrafía. ∗ Image 23
Ofseth. Image 24
∗ Imágenes cedidas por José Gregorio GOMEZ SILVA. Injection of inks. Image 25
Laser and it photocopies.
Image 26
Image 27
Image 28
Image 29
Image 30
Image 31
Epidermal exfoliation or own defects
Image 32
Image 33
Image 34
Image 35
X1 X2 X3 X3a.
Image 36
X1 X2 X3 X3a.
Image 37
Image 38
Image 39
Image 40
Image 41
Image 42
Pulgar 1 Índice 2 Medio 3 Anular 4 Meñique 5
Pulgar 6 Índice 7 Medio 8 Anular 9 Meñique 10
The Author
SAMUEL ALFONSO DELGADO CABALLERO
Juridical Server, Forensic specialist, expert in lofoscopia typist, cathedratic and writer; Invited lecturer to the fifth International Symposium of FINGERPRINTS organized by INTERPOL and World scientific technique community GTEIIHD at Lyon, France on June 04-06 in 2008.
Creator of MYCROLOFOSCOPY pre and post-mortem and the principle of originality of papillary crests. Born in November 21st in 1969 in San Gil (Santander) Colombia.
Writer of the following books and scientific documents:
LOFOTECHNOLOGY, development of latent fingerprints. Bucaramanga, Color tres.2003 FINGER PRINTS ORIGINALITY.(virtual) www.monografias.com 2008 LOFOSCOPIC FINGERPRINTS TRANSFERENCE with latex gloves. HUELLAS Magazine No48 Fiscalía General de la Nación. Colombia. July-August 2003 Microscopic differences between the fingerprints pre and post-mortem. Colombia .February 22nd /05 AQUILES HEEL OF DACTILOSCOPYInternet.2007 FRAUD AND SUPPLANTING ON FINGERPRINTS. Intenrnet.2007 TYPEWRITING; BIOMETRY; Porous copy and Mycrodactylography. www.monografias.com 2008
E-mail: [email protected]
______Translated by: CLAUDIA ROCIO SERRANO MORA, UNIVERSITY OF PAMPLONA, NORTE DE SANTANDER, LICENSED IN MODERN LANGUAGES (ENGLISH AND FRENCH) MARCH 3RD 2009, BUCARAMANGA, SANTANDER (COLOMBIA)
MICROLOPHOSCOPY BOOMERANG EFFECT
On the microlophoscopy study, is establish the theorem of papilar originality, as scientific base of the differences between the finger prints and trails of biologic origin against the artificial reproductions, in complement with its uniqueness and permanence.
About microlophoscopy is known the scientific basis, now is necessary to know the juridical arguments applying the principle of legal proceeding justice (fairness) expressed by the Supreme Court of the United States of America, in face of the need that the defense has the opportunity to produce evidences on favor1. “The experts attribute that the finger prints or trails have a certainty of 100%without mistake edge.”
Is Scientifically demonstrated, that the finger prints could be reproduce by any printing system, and that its authencity just could be verified by means of the improve microlophoscopy level III. To verify its originality.
It means that all finger print or isolated papilar impression, is highly probably that be a mechanic reproduction (artificial), leaving a reasonable doubt on If the analyzed fingerprint is not original. “It could not talk about certainty, when a fact is highly probable of happen”.
The proof has as purpose to give to the judge the knowledge further that the reasonable doubt, the facts and circumstances subject of judgment and those on the accused penal responsibility as co-author or participant. The dactilar evidence on the trial was indisputable, by its provatory strength with 100% certainty; but the human mistakes has caused judicial misunderstandings that could not be fixed, as evidence of an empirical analysis that damage its image, on the point of been called Pseudo-science.
Every tail or isolated finger print, on the crème scene or provatory material element or physical evidence, If is not original, lose all its provatory value, even though it judicial essence to demonstrate that: “The finger prints or latent impression that is been studied was made by a person by exclusion of all the other possible persons2” or “ the dactilar impression that is investigated is identified as deriving from the same person on the comparative impression3.”
1 GUERRERO PERALTA Oscar Julián, Fundamentos Teóricos constitucionales del nuevo proceso penal, Ediciones Jurídicas Gustavo Ibáñez, 2005, p.282. 2 ,QWHUSRO$),6([SHUWV*URXS ,$(* ,((*), Generalities number 1 page 13. 3 ,QWHUSRO$),6([SHUWV*URXS ,$(* ,((*),, Details about methods and procedures, number 11, conclusions, page 22. The analysis on levels I and II confirm The exclusion of all the other possible people or that identify as proceeding from the same individual; the level III allows to confirm the originality of the papilar combs and establish scientifically that was made by a person or proceed from the same person, and do not deserve in a scientific deceit of a FALSE POSITIVE, because is an artificial trail never shaped by the involved person; been and exculpatory proof or relevant evidence of his/her innocence.
Can not be affirming that the fingerprint isolated from the same person “was made by a person “or “Proceeds from the same person” without had strengthened the originality of the papilar combs. If the specialist do not declare on the conclusions, that the finger print is original, The defense engage controversy with” cross examination”, that the finger print analyzed is an artificial reproduction, spreading the reasonable doubt of its originality and leaving without provatory value the dactilar evidence by “inadmissibility” to demonstrate the innocence by insufficiency on the proof and unnecessary victimization of the offended. Owing to all lophoscopy study has to record of a double analysis; the 50 % is given by microscopic level I and II to establish the uniqueness; and the other 50 % the analysis microlophoscopic level III to the originality. Just like this is possible to talk about 100% CERTAINTY.
The experts could present disagreement, to unknown the originality of the papilar combs like an axiom of the finger prints study or dactyloscopy, but made a huge mistake of interpretation, even though this theory is a scientific complement of the uniqueness, fortified for its provatory value of Biological Singularity. The originality scientifically demonstrates the mechanical and chemical incidences of the artificial detrimental reproductions with those biologically originated; in concordance with the exposed by David Ashbough4 That says: “ The Biologic singularity exist or do not exist, the biologic differentiation as a natural and coherent incidence, the singularity, can not be sometimes partial and another times impartial, every part of a finger print it does not matter if is big or small, just has an origin.5”.
Denied the originality as a principle is disregard the Biological micro- characteristics the distinguish the original finger prints from the artificial reproductions, is to admit that they are nor different and give to the artificial trails the same proof value, that support the provatory argument of the defense, been a Boomerang Effect, where the theory of originality is applied by the defense to produce a cataclysm in the dactyloscopy or dactylography. As important as the uniqueness is important to establish the originality, even though dissipate all reasonable doubt of been an artificial impression and allows to make face to a negative of its authors, reaffirm its Original Biological Nature.
4 &DQDGLDQ0RXQWHG3ROLF\
,QWHUSRO$),6([SHUWV*URXS ,$(* ,((*),QXPEHUSDJH The Scientific International Community of finger prints headed by Interpol AFIS Experts Group (IAEG), create the constitutor method that synthesize the scientific method and the levels I, II and III to idealize the dactyloscopic analysis with scientific character. Is necessary to do the microlophoscopic study to this analysis to get the 100 % of certainty without reasonable doubts.“The originality principle and the differences pre and post mortem of the finger prints”. Was showed to the 187 that conform the INTERPOL, on its 5th International Symposium of finger prints, as lecturer in Lyon France on June-04-2008, internationally registered by authors rights as MICROLOPHOSCOPY.
Gratefulness,
To the biggest policy (detective) organization of INTERPOL world. Interpol AFIS Experts Group (IAEG) for support this research work and recognize its scientific character, published on the official web page www.interpol.int on English and Spanish. Thank you so much. http://www.interpol.int/public/forensic/fingerprints/default.asp Research work: Microlophoscopy http://www.interpol.int/public/forensic/fingerprints/research/default.asp Microlophoscopy
The Author,
SAMUEL ALFONSO DELGADO CABALLERO Judicial policy servant Expert in lophoscopy. Colombia, email: [email protected]