Re Source Con Ser Va Tion Prac Tices in Ex Ist Ing Crop Ping Sys Tems of Etawah District
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Progressive Research 8 (Special) : 848-853 (2013) Society for Sci. Dev. in Agric. and Tech. RE SOURCE CON SER VA TION PRAC TICES IN EX IST ING CROP PING SYS TEMS OF ETAWAH DISTRICT Vinod Prakash1, H.C. Singh2 and Rajesh Kumar3 1KVK, Etawah (CSAUA&T, Kanpur) 2Dr. B R Ambedkar Col lege of Agril. Engg. and Tech., Etawah 206001 3RSM PG Col lege, Dhampur, Bijnour [email protected], [email protected], ABSTRACT The study was carried out with 150 farmers selected purposively from the 25 villages of the 8 blocks namely Jaswantnagar, Saifai, Basrehar, Takha, Bharthana, Mahewa, Barhpura and Chakarnagar. The data were collected by interview schedule/questionnaire method and analysed by appropriate statistical techniques used viz., percentage, mean etc. The majority of farmers (83.33%) had high perception to tree based farming system (for rain fed areas) followed by 80.00 per cent farmers had high perception to multiple cropping system (for irrigated areas). The majority of farmers (71.11%) had low perception to IPNM followed by 62.22 per cent farmers had low perception to IPM and most of farmers (40.91%) had low perception to soil and water conservation practices. In respect to technical constraints, lack of local manufacturing/repair for machinery/implements was ranked 1st (94.00%) followed by non-availability of high second generation quality machinery/implements ranked as 2nd (74.67%) and risk of increased problem with insect pests and diseases ranked as 3rd (66.67%) as perceived by the farmers. Regarding extension/TOT constraints, lack of technical assistant about RCT from extension workers was ranked 1st (88.00%) followed by non-availability of literature on RCT practices in agriculture ranked as 2nd (79.33%) and lack of coverage of RCT practices by mass media ranked as 3rd (77.33%) as perceived by the farmers. In respect to financial constraints, farmers lack resources to purchase second generation machinery/implements was ranked as 1st (94.00%) followed by high cost and generation machinery/implements ranked as 2nd (92.00%) and no credit available for purchasing these machinery/implements ranked as 3rd (83.33%) as perceived by the farmers. Regarding various aspects of RCTP tree based farming system (for rain fed areas) was got 1st rank (MS 2.78) followed by multiple cropping system (for irrigated areas) ranked as 2nd (MS 2.76) and IPNM ranked as 3rd (MS 2.61) as perceived by the farmers. Key words : Crop ping sys tem, re source con serv ing tech nol ogy, ag ri cul ture, con straints. Green revolution required higher doses of fertilizer, fuel consumption and machinery use). (1) found that more irrigation water, increase use of plant protection through the adoption of conservation agriculture chemicals, increase use of diesel and electricity. It technology the reduction in cultivation cost (1500-2000 resulted in widespread problems of resource Rs/ha), saving in water and nutrients (20-30%), degradation and environmental problems and GHGs. reduction occurrence of weeds saving in pesticides For enhancing the productivity and sustainability of (20-25%), Increased yield (05%), protection of the rice wheat cropping system which affecting the environment by elimination of burning of straw (cattle natural resource conservation technology have been feed), facilitate recycling of residue and plant nutrients developed and are being promoted across the (back to soil), opportunities for sensible/profitable crops Indo-Genetic plain. The speedy development of rotations. agriculture is vital for the progress of country and to RESEARCH METHODOLOGY secure maximum crop production, the best use of the available land has to be made and the latest method of The study of carried out in Etawah district of UP. The crop husbandry put into practice. There is an increase selection of district was done purposively. The three in the yield with zero-tillage technology over the stage sampling technique was applied for the selection conventional tillage and the savings made through less of blocks, villages and farmers. The all eight blocks Prakash et al., 849 namely, Jaswantnagar, Saifai, Basrehar, Takha, inorganic source of nutrients ranked as 2nd (MS 2.66) Bharthana, Mahewa, Barhpura and Chakarnagar were and use of bio-fertilizer ranked as 3rd (MS 2.46). selected purposively for the study on the basis of the use Regarding usefulness of IPM as perceived by the of resource conserving technology practices in farmers were use of botanicals ranked as 1st (MS 2.60) agriculture in existing/rice-wheat cropping system. From followed by use of predators ranked as 2nd (MS 2.49) the list of villages only those villages from each block and microbial control ranked as 3rd (MS 2.46). In respect were selected purposively where RCT practices were in to usefulness of soil and water conservation practices as use and the number of tractor, tube- well, thresher and perceived by the farmers were crop rotation got rank 1st other machinery were more and use of resource (MS 2.76) followed by scheduling of irrigation to crop conserving technology in agriculture was found. Thus a rank 2nd (MS 2.56), conservation tillage rank 3rd (MS total of 25 villages was selected purposively. The 2.49), watershed management rank 4th (MS 2.46), selection of farmers formed third and final stage of mulching rank 5th (MS 2.40), agro forestry rank 6th (MS sampling process. In the selected villages, farmers 2.30), water use efficiency rank 7th (MS 2.06), use of having extensive use of resource conserving technology bio-fencing and residue management rank 8th (MS practices in existing/ rice-wheat cropping system was 2.O3), improved drainage rank 9th (MS 1.89) and selected purposively. Thus a total of 150 farmers were participatory irrigation management rank 10th (MS 1.86). selected purposively. The primary data were collected Farmers perception about usefulness of second from the head of farmer’s family in respect of objectives generation machinery/implements, use of multi-crop of the study by personal interview by the interview thresher was ranked as 1st (MS 2.76) followed by schedule method. The secondary data were collected rotavator ranked as 2nd (MS 2.69), zero-till seed cum from blocks and district head quarters, government ferti drill ranked as 3rd (MS2.30), laser land leveller and publication, books, journals and newspapers and the straw chopper cum incorporator ranked as 4th (MS 2.10), data were recorded on the schedule and questionnaires straw combine and baler ranked as 5th (MS 2.03) and prepared for the purpose. The data were analyzed with raised bed planter and stubble shaver ranked as 6th (MS the help of following statistical methods. 1.86). Regarding usefulness of energy saving resources st Percentage (%) = perceived by the farmers were solar energy ranked as 1 (MS 2.76) followed by wind energy ranked as 2nd (MS The frequency of a particular cell × 100 2.30), biomass energy ranked as 3rd (MS 2.10), hydro The total number of respondents energy ranked as 4th (MS 1.90) and tidal energy ranked Sx as 5th (MS 1.10) (Mean) X = N Table-2 reveals that in case of extent of farmers’ RESULTS AND DISCUSSION perception about various aspects of RCT in agriculture, the majority of farmers (80.00%) had high perception Table-1 reveals that usefulness aspect of RCTP in followed by 16.67 per cent of farmers had medium and agriculture as perceived by the farmers were tree based only 03.33 per cent farmers had low perception to farming system ranked as 1st with mean score 2.78, multiple cropping system (irrigated areas) regarding tree multiple cropping system ranked as 2ndwith mean score based farming system (for rain fed areas), majority of 2.76. The data concerning the usefulness of input use farmers (83.33%) had high perception followed by 12.00 efficiency technology as perceived by the farmers were per cent had medium and only 04.67per cent had low resistant crop varieties got rank 1stwith mean score 2.79 perception. With regards to input use efficiency nd followed by water use efficiency technology rank 2 with technology, most of the farmers (47.78%) had high mean score 2.26 and fertilizer use efficiency technology perception followed by 41.44 per cent farmers had rank 3rdwith mean score 2.19. Farmers perception medium and 05.56 per cent had high perception. regarding usefulness of IPNM, use of green manures Regarding IPNM, the majority of farmers (71.11%) had /inclusion of pulse crop in crop sequence was ranked low perception followed by 20.00 per cent had medium as1st (MS 2.70) followed by combined use organic and and only 08.89 per cent had high perception. In case of 850 Re source con ser va tion prac tices in ex ist ing crop ping sys tems of Etawah Dis trict Table-1: Farmers’ perception about the use of RCTP in agriculture. (N=150) Particulars Useful No. Somewhat Not Useful Wt. mean Rank S. N. (%) useful No. (%) No. (%) score 1 Multiple cropping system(for irrigated areas) 120 (80.00) 25 (16.67) 05 (03.33) 2.76 2nd 2 Tree based farming system (for rain fed areas) 125 (83.33) 18 (12) 07 (04.67) 2.78 1st 3 Input use efficiency technology 71.67 (47.78) 70.00 (47.00) 08.33 (05.56) 2.41 5th A Resistant crop varieties (to soil climatic and biotic 125 (83.33) 20 (13.33) 05 (03.33) 2.79 1st stresses) B Fertilizer use efficiency technology (use of fertigation 40 (26.67) 100 (67.67) 10(06.67) 2.19 2nd method) C Water use efficiency technology (use of micro-irrigation 50 (33.33.) 90 (60.00) 10 (06.67) 2.26 3rd system) 4 Integrated plant nutrient management (IPNM) 106.67 (71.11) 30.00 (20.00) 13.33 (08.89)