Impacto De Retails Homecenters En El Mercado Ferretero

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Impacto De Retails Homecenters En El Mercado Ferretero UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE SAN AGUSTÍN DE AREQUIPA ESCUELA DE POSTGRADO UNIDAD DE POSTGRADO DE LA FACULTAD DE ECONOMÍA "IMPACTO DE LOS RETAILS HOMECENTER EN EL MERCADO FERRETERO: CASO AREQUIPA” Tesis presentada por la Bachiller: JULIANA MERY BAUTISTA LÓPEZ, Para optar el Grado de Maestro en Ciencias Economía, con mención en Formulación, Evaluación y Gestión de Proyectos de Inversión. ASESOR: Dr. PERCY ALBERTO REGENTE PACHECO AREQUIPA, PERÚ 2008 DEDICO: A Dios, padre todopoderoso creador del cielo y de la tierra y de todo cuanto existe. A Yolanda, Yadira y Raúl, por su amor, apoyo y consideración. A Elsa mi segunda madre. A los niños, que de ellos han de brotar grandes hombres y mujeres de bien. - I - AGRADEZCO: A la Facultad de Economía, por haber pasado tiempo invalorable, conocer la amistad y grandes maestros. A toda persona que haya estado involucrada en el presente trabajo de investigación. ¡Muchas gracias! - II - “Esfuérzate y sé valiente” (Josué 1,6) “La batalla de la vida no siempre la gana el hombre más fuerte o el más ligero, porque tarde o temprano el hombre que gana es aquel que cree poder hacerlo” (Christian Barnard) “Conoce a tu enemigo y conócete a ti mismo; en cien batallas, nunca saldrás derrotado." (Sun Tzu) - III - RESUMEN El mercado ferretero local esta pasando por una situación que antes no concebía, nuevos competidores están ingresando (Maestro Ace Homecenter, Sodimac Homecenter) y nuevos roles se están jugando. Soportar el impacto de este tipo de negocio, no redujo el crecimiento de la zona comercial; sin embargo, es necesario desarrollar políticas de contingencia que subsanen el venir de posibles acontecimientos, como la masificación de estos grandes almacenes. Es por esto que se requirió conocer aspectos relevantes del mercado ferretero de la Avenida Mariscal Castilla, así como el entorno comercial en el que se desen- vuelven, se estudio también la experiencia de situaciones similares en países latinoamericanos. Como antesala a este tema fue fundamental estudiar el comercio minorista mundial, la forma en que se desarrolla y su tendencia. Con esto se logró obtener el presente documento el cual servirá de base y soporte, para la optimización de la toma de decisiones por parte de los inversionistas del rubro y afines. Palabras claves: Impacto, Comercio Minorista, ferreterías, homecenters. - IV - ABSTRACT The market local hardware dealer this happening through a situation that before did not conceive, new competitors come entering (Maestro Ace Homecenter, Sodimac Homecenter) and new roles are being played. To support the impact of this type of business, it did not reduce the growth of the commercial zone; nevertheless, it is necessary to develop policies of contingency that they correct to come from possible events, such as overcrowding of these department stores. Is for this that was needed knew relevant aspects of the market hardware dealer of the Mariscal Castilla Avenue, as well as the commercial environment in the one that is developed, It also studied the experience of similar situations in Latin-American countries. Since anteroom to this topic was fundamental to study the retail world trade, the form in which it been develops and his trend. With this it was achieved to obtain the present document which will use as base and support, for the optimization of the capture of decisions on the part of the investors of the sector and related. Key words: Impact, Retail, Hardware stores, homecenters. - V - INTRODUCCIÓN A lo largo de la historia de la humanidad han aparecido modelos, paradigmas, teorías, postulados, etc., explicando algunos fenómenos que muchas veces podían repetirse comprobando una hipótesis determinada. Cuando se “descubre” algo o se da solución a un problema pensamos que es algo nuevo, que quizás es lo más novedoso de la época. Sin embargo muchas veces no nos percatamos que quizás este conocimiento no estaba difundido o no era divulgado, o quizás era conocido de otra manera, pero que evidentemente existe. Es ahí donde la Ciencia ocupa un lugar importante, como madre de los conoci- mientos. La cual enfatiza en que sólo si se sigue un método adecuado se puede llegar a no redescubrir un descubrimiento sino a conocer lo desconocido. Muchos términos como “retail” que aparentemente es nuevo, no es más que “venta al detalle”, y esto es algo que ha existido desde principios de la historia, pero los formatos que presentan grandes cadenas, de forma masificada es que cambia el modo de pensar de los mercados donde anidan. El contexto globalizador, invita a hacernos participes de estas grandes batallas, las empresas están luchando por internacionalizarse y extender sus mercados, mu- chas otras persisten con modelos tradicionales que de persistir, el intento por internacionalizarse seria en vano. El ingreso de formatos innovadores en economías donde el sistema de comercio es cuasi artesanal, despierta inquietud e interés por parte de las entidades que componen el país, incluso se llega a rumorear y a preguntarse: ¿Qué pasará con los pequeños comerciantes?, ¡Les quedan los minutos contados!, ¡Tiemblan los ferreteros!, incluso hablan de la nacionalidad de estas entidades, etc. La presente investigación invita a reflexionar sobre esta trama la que surge a partir del problema principal: “¿Qué impactos producirán los retails homecenter en el - VI - mercado ferretero?, específicamente hablando de la zona de la Avenida Mariscal Castilla y aledaños, Para esto hemos dividido el trabajo en cinco Capítulos. El primero se divide en dos partes, inicialmente hacemos un análisis puntual sobre el mercado retail, clasificación, formatos, tendencias mundiales de consumo, etc. de modo que vislumbremos una perspectiva amplia sobre este tema, para poder luego presentar los aspectos metodológicos del estudio el cual se presenta resu- mido en la matriz de consistencia. En el Capítulo II, daremos énfasis a la experien- cia de los retails homecenter en países latinoamericanos, presentando una variedad exquisita de realidades de estos pueblos, hablamos sobre el éxito y fracaso de empresas que pugnan por internacionalizarse y ganar participación en el mercado, el enfrentamiento de los grandes almacenes con las ferreterías barria- les, el crecimiento de las ferreterías tradicionales mediante la asociatividad, etc. En el Capítulo III, desarrollamos el tema central del trabajo, la cual se nutrió bási- camente de investigación de campo, presentamos a los personajes principales de esta novela, los analizamos y discutimos. El Capítulo IV, desarrollamos las hipótesis del trabajo que es demostrar que el ingreso de retails homecenter no ha generado una reducción de dicho mercado, para esto nos valemos de un conjuntos de herramientas y técnicas de investiga- ción. Por último, el Capítulo V analiza la asociatividad, franchising, joint venture e innovación tecnológica como herramientas y mecanismos fundamentales para consolidarla competitividad de las ferreterías de la zona de la mariscal castilla y aledaños. Finalizo el trabajo con las conclusiones y recomendaciones. En los anexos se encuentran cuadros, gráficos, fichas de entrevistas, imágenes, etc. todo material que se fue necesario para la realización del presente trabajo. - VII - CONTENIDO DEDICATORIA………………………………………………………………..... I AGRADECIMIENTO ................................................................................. II EPÍGRAFE………………………………………………………………………. III RESUMEN / ABSTRACT……………………………………………………….. IV INTRODUCCIÓN ...................................................................................... VI CONTENIDO ............................................................................................. VIII ÍNDICE CAPITULO I: Pág. 1. ASPECTOS TEÓRICOS Y METODOLÓGICOS………………….………… 01 1.1. ASPECTOS TEÓRICOS…………………………………………………… 02 1.1.1. EL MERCADO DE RETAIL…………………………………..………… 03 1.1.1.1. COMIENZOS DEL COMERCIO AL POR MENOR…...……… 03 1.1.1.1.1. Primeros indicios de comercio en la historia……….…….. 03 1.1.1.1.2. Las primeras tiendas…………..……………………………. 04 1.1.1.2. EVOLUCIÓN DEL MERCADO…………………………………. 04 1.1.1.2.1. Factores claves del mercado……….…………………....... 04 1.1.1.3. DEFINICIÓN DE RETAIL……………………....……………….. 06 1.1.1.3.1. Clasificación básica del retail…………..……..…………… 06 1.1.1.4. LA INDUSTRIA DEL RETAIL………………..……….………… 07 1.1.1.4.1. Mercado global del retail…………………..………..……… 07 1.1.1.4.2. Concentración económica de los 10 tops retailers…….. 09 1.1.1.4.3. Top 10 retailers de latino América……..………………….. 12 1.1.1.4.4. Principales retails mundiales……………………..………… 13 A. Wal-mart Sores, INC..…………………….…………… 13 A.1. Historia.……………………………….………….. 13 A.2. Wal-mart en el mundo……………….………….. 14 - VIII - B. Carrefour S.A. ………………………….……………… 15 B.1. Carrefour en el mundo………………..………… 15 B.2. Una Empresa Comprometida…….………….… 16 B.3. Historia.............................................................. 16 1.1.1.5. INTERNACIONALIZACIÓN DEL RETAIL………..……..…….. 18 1.1.1.5.1. Fundamentos de la internacionalización………..………... 19 1.1.1.5.2. Fases del crecimiento local de las empresas minoristas….. 21 1.1.1.5.3. Fracaso de la internacionalización de retails……….……. 24 1.1.1.5.4. Fundamentos del fracaso de los retails……..…………….. 26 1.1.1.6. IMPACTO DEL RETAIL EN LA ECONOMÍA………..….......... 28 1.1.1.7. HOLDINGS: LOS DUEÑOS DEL MUNDO…….……………… 29 1.1.1.8. CLASIFICACIÓN DE LOS RETAILS………………....……….. 30 1.1.1.8.1. Hollander……….………….………………………..……….. 30 1.1.1.8.2. Treadgold……………………………………………..……… 31 1.1.1.8.3. Salmon y Tordjman…..………………………………..……. 32 1.1.1.9. FORMATO DE LOS RETAILS…….………………………..….. 33 1.1.1.9.1.
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