ADDRESSING SANITATION & MALNUTRITION CHALLENGES THROUGH CSR

PRESENTATION AT THE NATIONAL CSR CONCLAVE: DECODING THE CSR ECOSYSTEM IN

Organized by GUJARAT CSR AUTHORITY, GOVERNMENT OF GUJARAT Venue Ahmedabad Management Association, Ahmedabad

9th March 2017 CHALLENGE OF TRI-SECTORAL PARTNERSHIP

PUBLIC SECTOR THIRD SECTOR Programs = Programs = Grass without Roots without Roots Grass

PRIVATE SECTOR Programs = Fruits without Roots & Grass

CONGRATS ‘GUJARAT CSR AUTHORITY’ FOR DOING THIS JOB WELL 2 DEPTH OF CSR CONCEPT IN INDIA

• Bahujana hitaya bahujana sukhaya (for the welfare and happiness of the many) is a dictum/aphorism enunciated in Rig-Veda • Gautam Buddha in the 5th century B.C. suggested his disciples to work for the welfare and happiness of the masses under the same dictum. Swami Vivekananda and Sri Aurobindo also spoke on this aphorism • Jamshetji Tata – ‘we must give back to society more than what we take out of them’ • Mahatma Gandhi – ‘all industrialists should adopt the trusteeship principle’

3 FIRST INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR ON ‘SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITIES OF BUSINESS’ IN INDIA • Jointly convened by India International Centre and Gandhian Institute of Studies during 15-21 March 1965 at IIC, New • Inaugurated by the then PM Shri Lal Bahadur Shastri, Seminar came out with a Declaration – “Business must be just and humane, as well as efficient and dynamic” (p.25) and emphasized about Public Meetings and Social Audit (p.30) • “Business is not an end in itself, it is only a means. The end is man himself. Business must contribute to man’s happiness, his freedom, his material, mental, moral and spiritual growth.”* *Jayaprakash Narayan (1966), Social Responsibilities of Business. (p.vi) India International Centre, Manaktalas: Bombay

4 SPECTRUM OF VIOWPOINTS ON CSR

AUTHOR POSITION ON CSR Albert Carr Pure profit-making view – economic CSR: business has lower standards of ethics than society and no social responsibility other than obedience to the law Milton Friedman Constrained profit-making view – economic CSR: business should maximize shareholder wealth, obey the law, and be ethical R. Edward Freeman Socially aware view – ethical CSR: Business should be sensitive to potential harms of its actions on various stakeholder groups Archie Carroll Community service view – altruistic CSR: business must use its vast resources for social good even at the expense of profits

Adapted from: Lantos, G.P. (2001) – The boundaries of strategic corporate social responsibility. Journal of Consumer Marketing 18(7)

5 MILTON FRIEDMAN ON ‘SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITIES OF BUSINESS’

• The discussions of the ‘social responsibilities of business’ are notable for their analytical looseness and lack of rigor.

• “… businessmen … are capable of being extremely farsighted and clearheaded in matters that are internal to their businesses. They are incredibly shortsighted and muddleheaded in matters that are outside their businesses but affect the possible survival of business in general.”*

*Milton Friedman, The Social Responsibility of Business is to Increase its Profits. The New York Times Magazine, 13 September 1970 6 PROJECTS UNDERTAKEN BY SULABH UNDER CSR FOR SWACHH BHARAT MISSION (FROM OCTOBER 2014 TO DECEMBER 2016)

38 Companies

15 Companies

35 Companies

Individual Household Toilets Community / Public Toilets School Toilet Blocks

7 SOME CSR PROJECTS UNDERTAKEN BY SULABH

• Abbott India Ltd, Bharati Foundation, Boeing India, Flometallic India Private Ltd, Him Logistics Pvt Ltd (HLPL) Shell, Maruti India Ltd, - Household Toilets • HDFC Bank, ONGC, Petronet LNG Ltd, - School Toilets • Veolia Waters, NCDC, MMTC, CONCOR – Community / Public Toilets • Other Partners include – Antrix Corporation, Bata India, HHEC, IGL, New India Assurance, NABARD, NALCO, NFL, NPCIL, NTPC, Paradip Port Trust, RVNL, SAIL, SBI, TFCIL, THDCIL …..

8 DR. PATHAK PRESENTING A BOOK ON MAHATMA GANDHI TO HON’BLE PRIME MINISTER

9 DR. BINDESHWAR PATHAK

Founder, Sulabh Sanitation & Social Reform Movement – set up Sulabh as a Philanthropic, and Social Welfare organization in 1970

Sulabh is a philosophical, spiritual and value based organization rooted in emancipation of scavengers, widows and working for a clean environment

10 DR. PATHAK CARRYING HUMAN EXCRETA ALONG WITH HUMAN SCAVENGERS AT ARRAH, BIHAR

11 SULABH INTERNATIONAL SOCIAL SERVICE ORGANIZATION

Background • Based on the Gandhian philosophy, founded in 1970 • Nationally and Internationally acclaimed Organization • NGO in General Consultative Status with the EcoSoc of • Working all over the country as well as in different parts of the world • Social work force of over 60,000 volunteers

Dr Pathak invented the following technologies  Two Pit Pour Flush Compost Toilet known as Sulabh Shauchalaya  Human excreta based Biogas Plant Sulabh Effluent Treatment Technology Also initiated maintenance of Public Toilets on ‘Pay & Use’ basis

12 IMPORTANCE OF SANITATION FOR THE GROWTH OF OUR COUNTRY • More than 50% of India’s population lack access to a toilet – poor sanitation leads to enormous health risks • Improved sanitation has the potential to enhance development outcomes across sectors – health, education, tourism and overall economy • Improved sanitation can potentially produce $9 for every dollar invested by increasing productivity, reducing healthcare costs and preventing illness, disability, and early death.*

* https://docs.gatesfoundation.org/Documents/wsh-strategy-overview.pdf 13 SANITATION AND HYGIENE RELATED DISEASES

S.No. Disease/Condition/Syndrome Infective/causative agent 1. Acanthamoebic keratitis Acanthamoeba 2. Amoebiasis Entamoeba histolytica 3. Ascariasis Ascaris lumbricoides 4. Aseptic meningitis Echovirus 5. Balantidiasis Balantidium coli 6. Bancroftian filariasis Wuchereria bancrofti 7. Bladder cancer Schistosoma 8. Brain abscess Citrobacter 9. Cholera Vibrio cholerae 10. Clonorchiasis Clonorchis sinensis 11. Clostridium difficile infection Clostridium difficile infection 12. Conjunctivitis Adenovirus 13. Cryptosporiosis Cryptosporidium

14 S. No. Disease/Condition/Syndrome Infective/causative agent

14. Cyclosporiosis Cyclospora cayetanensis 15. Dermatophytosis (Athlete's foot, Trichophyton rubrum, Tinea unguium, etc.) epidermophyton, 16. Diphyllobothriasis Diphyllobothrium 17. Enterobiasis Enterobias vermicularis 18. Fascioliasis Fasciola hepatica 19. Fasciolopsiasis Fasciolopsis buski 20. Gastrodiscoidiasis Gastrodiscoides hominis 21. Gastroenteritis Rotavirus, Norovirus, Adenovirus, Astrovirus, Escherichia coli, Campylobacter, Staphylococcus

22. Hand, foot and mouth disease Coxsackie A virus and enterovirus 71 (EV-71) 23. Hepatitis A (Infectious hepatitis) Hepatitis A virus 24. Hepatitis E (Infectious hepatitis) Hepatitis E virus

25. Heterophyiasis Heterophyes heterophyes 15 15 S.No. Disease/Condition/Syndrome Infective/causative agent

26. Hookworm Ancylostoma duodenale 27. Hymenolepiasis Hymenolepsis nana, Hymenolepsis diminuta 28. Isosporiosis Isospora belli 29. Leptospirosis Leptospira spp 30. Liver abscess Klebsiella pneumoniae 31. Malaria Plasmodium species 32. Acute Meningitis Echovirus 33. Neonatal meningitis E.coli 34. Neuro-cysticercosis Taenia solium 35. Polio Poliovirus (Enterovirus) 36. Primary Amoebic Naegleria fowleri Meningoencephalitis 37. Rash Mold (e.g. bathroom mold) 38. Salmonellosis Salmonella 16 S.No. Disease/Condition/Syndrome Infective/causative agent 39. Sarcosporidiosis Sarcocystis 40. Schistosomiasis/Bilharzia Schistosoma mansoni, Schistosoma haematobium, Schistosoma japonicum 41. Shigellosis / bacillary dysentery Shigella 42. Strongyloidiasis Strongyloides stercoralis 43. Taeniasis Taenia solium/Taenia saginata 44. Tonsilitis Adenovirus 45. Trachoma Chlamydia trachomatis 46. Traveler’s diarrhoea Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, Shigella spp. and Salmonella spp. Campylobacter, Yersinia, Aeromonas, and Plesiomonas spp 47. Trichuriasis Trichuris trichiura 48. Typhoid fever Salmonella typhi 49. UTI E.coli, citrobacter

50. Yersiniosis Yersinia enterocolitica 17 CONTRIBUTIONS OF SULABH INTERNATIONAL FOR SWACHH BHARAT

18 CONTRIBUTION OF SULABH FOR SBM

• Till date, Sulabh has installed about 1.5 million individual/household toilets in the country

• Constructed and maintained 9000 community/ public toilets (about 200 are attached with bio- digesters) at public places

• Constructed about 21,000 school toilets in different parts of the country

19 SULABH SHAUCHALAYA APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGY OPTION –TWO-PIT POUR-FLUSH COMPOST TOILET

Sulabh toilets have 2 pits, one of which is used at a time. When one becomes full then the other pit is used. Both the pits are used but one at a time

After 2 years, in the first pit the excreta turns into bio- fertilizer, which can be cleaned by anybody and then be used safely in fields/gardens

20 WATER SAVING P-TRAP USED IN SULABH TWO PIT POUR FLUSH COMPOST TOILET

It requires only 1 to 1.5 litres of water to flush

Ceramic Pan with 25° to P – trap is between Pre-cast P-trap 28° slope 12-20 mm water seal HUMAN EXCRETA BASED BIOGAS PLANT

 Human excreta recycled resulting in the production of bio-gas  Used for cooking, lighting, electricity generation & warming oneself in winter

Public toilet linked to biogas plant with gas holder

22 SULABH EFFLUENT TREATMENT PLANT  Biogas effluent treated through sedimentation tank, aeration tank, sand filter, activated charcoal followed by Ultra Violet (UV) rays  After the treatment the Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) reduced to less than 10 milligram per litre and treated effluent turns colourless, odourless and pathogen-free

 Safe for aquaculture, agriculture, gardening & discharging into water body

23 USES OF BIOGAS

Biogas used to warm oneself in winter

Biogas used for lighting of mantle lamps His Excellency Timothy J. Roemer former, Ambassador of USA to India trying his hand in frying a papadam 24 SULABH INTERNATIONAL MUSEUM OF TOILETS  Dr. Pathak established Sulabh International Museum of Toilets in 1992  The Museum has rare collection of facts, objects & artifacts detailing the historic evolution of toilets from 2500 BC to date  Extensive display of privies, chamber pots, toilet furniture, bidets and water closets in use  Rare collection of poems, humorous posters on toilets and its usage  Toilet Museum is a famous tourist destination in Delhi

25 Cost Rs. 12,655/-) Cost Rs. 19,022 /-) Thatched wall with roof on bamboo frame Brick wall with no door

Cost Rs. 21,700 /-) Cost Rs. 16,600/-) Circular design without door and roof 26 Brick wall with jute curtain for people who feel claustrophobic HOUSEHOLD TOILET CONSTRUCTED BY SULABH INTERNATIONAL IN MEWAT, HARYANA

Sulabh Shauchalaya at Hirmathla, Mewat (Haryana) Total Cost Rs. 15000/- Rs. 12,000/- Railtel Corporation Rs. 3,000/- Beneficiary Contribution

27 CHILD FRIENDLY TOILET KNOWN AS ‘BAL MITRA SAUCHALAYA’ AT BHOPAL, M.P.

28 CHILD FRIENDLY TOILET KNOWN AS ‘BAL MITRA SAUCHALAYA’ AT BHOPAL, M.P.

29 SCHOOL SANITATION – SULABH APPROACH

30 TOILET CLEANING ACTIVITY IN SULABH PUBLIC SCHOOL,

Teachers with students Students involved in the during the cleaning process cleaning process A SCHOOL STUDENT ARRANGING THE WOOD PULP FOR THE NAPKIN MAKING PROCESS A SCHOOL STUDENT USING THE ELECTRIC NAPKIN INCENERATOR THE FIRST SULABH PUBLIC TOILET COMPLEX CONSTRUCTED & MAINTAINED AT GANDHI MAIDAN, PATNA, BIHAR

34 SULABH PUBLIC TOILETS

 Introduced system of maintenance of public toilets on “pay and use” basis in 1974  More than 8500 public toilets which are being used by >15 million people daily

Sulabh Toilet Complex in the world at Shirdi (Nasik), Maharashtra It has 148 toilets with dressing, baby sitting, breast feeding facilities and 108 bathrooms, 2,300 lockers for keeping the belongings of pilgrims. The complex is lit by electricity produced from the human excreta generated biogas plant. 50,000 persons can use these facilities daily 35 Cloak Room facility at Sulabh Toilet Complex, Shirdi, Nasik, Maharashtra 36 SULABH SHAUCHALAYA SHANKUL AT PANDARPUR, SOLAPUR, MAHARASHTA

37 SULABH SHAUCHALAYA AT PANDARPUR, SOLAPUR, MAHARASHTA

38 39 Sulabh Toilet Complex (Air-Conditioned), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh Sulabh has constructed five public toilet complexes with biogas plants in Kabul, funded by the Ministry of External Affairs. These projects have been executed and completed in collaboration with Kabul Municipality, where the temperature went down to – 300C and also biogas plants functioned very well

Sulabh Toilet Complex attached with Biogas Plant at Kabul, Afghanistan

40 Inside View- Sulabh Public Toilet, Kabul, Afghanistan The project is a Pilot Project of Sulabh International with the aim to ensure arsenic-free safe drinking water at a very low expenditure at only a cost of 50 paise per litre 42 43 WATER ATM AT SULABH INTERNATIONAL

44 HOW TO MAKE ABOUT 12 CRORE TOILETS BY 2019 India has about : 6.46 lakh Villages & 2.51 lakh GPs 6,849 Blocks and 677 Districts - which have to be covered under Swachh Bharat Mission

• To make a Village ODF (200 toilets on an average @ say Rs. 30,000 per toilet), it would cost about Rs. 60 lakh • For making a Panchayat (having on an average 3 villages) ODF, requirement would be Rs. 1.80 crore • For covering an entire Block (having an average of 100 villages), it would require Rs. 60 crore • To make a District ODF (with an average of 10 Blocks), it would cost about Rs. 600 crore

45 SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY UNDERTAKEN

BY

SULABH INTERNATIONAL

46 PHILANTHROPIC & CHARITABLE WORKS BY SULABH INTERNATIONAL • Sulabh Public School • Sulabh Vocational Training Centre • Sulabh Sanitation Club • Slum Children Welfare • Vocational training Centers at – Alwar & Tonk and Ghaziabad • Widows of Vrindavan and Varanasi • Widows of Deoli village (Uttarakhand) • Education, Health, Marriages of Poor

47 48 ‘DARKNESS TO LIGHT’ - An Initiative towards Rehabilitation of Scavengers

‘Darkness to Light’ Vocational Training Centre was set up at Alwar, Rajasthan in April 2003, to liberate and rehabilitate women hitherto engaged in the 49 profession of scavenging till March 2003 VOCATIONAL TRAINING CLASSES

Women scavengers (untouchables) taught to read and write through adult literacy classes 50 Liberated scavengers now go to do facial of the women where they used to clean human excreta and some of their clients are doctors

51 MISSION LIBERATION The erstwhile women scavengers walked the ramp with the models at the United Nations in New York on 2nd July 2008

52 MISSION LIBERATION The erstwhile women scavengers transformed as Brahmins on 5th October 2016

53 WIDOWS OF VRINDAVAN – PATHETIC CONDITIONS

54 WIDOWS OF VRINDAVAN BREAKING TRADITION AND WALKING ON RAMP WITH MODELS ON 15TH OCTOBER 2016 HON’BLE PRIME MINISTER SHRI NARENDRA MODI LAUDS CLEANING & RESTORATION OF ASSI GHAT

56 ASSI GHAT, VARANASI - THE WINNER

Ms. Usha Chaumar, President, Sulabh International receiving India Today - Safaigiri Award from the Hon’ble Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi

57 SULABH SWACHHTA RATH

Sulabh Swachhta Rath is equipped with the audio-visual gadgets and is expected to travel across the country to spread message related to the importance of toilets and sanitation 58 WORLD TOILET DAY AND NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON 19TH NOVEMBER 2015

59 IMPORTANT RECENT VISITORS

At

SULABH GRAM, NEW DELHI

60 HON’BLE SHRI AMIT SHAH, PRESIDENT BJP AT SULABH GRAM ON 20TH DECEMBER 2016

61 HON’BLE CHIEF JUSTICE TIRATH SINGH THAKUR AT SULABH GRAM ON 31ST JANUARY 2017

62 HON’BLE SRI SRI RAVI SHANKAR JI AT SULABH GRAM ON 2ND FEBRUARY 2017

63 HON’BLE SHRI AKSHAY KUMAR AT SULABH GRAM ON 3RD MARCH 2017

64 AWARDS AND ACCOLADES

TO

DR. BINDESHWAR PATHAK

65 In 1991, Dr. Bindeshwar Pathak was conferred Padma Bhushan by the then President of India, Shri R. Venkataraman, for his ‘distinguished social service’ 66 His holiness Pope John Paul –II gave audience to Dr. Bindeshwar Pathak before being awarded International St. Francis Prize for the Environment67 (Canticle of all creatures) in 1992 Vice President of the French Senate Ms. Chantal Jourdan decorated Dr. Bindeshwar Pathak "Legend of Planet" honour in an exceptional private reception hosted by President of the French Senate 68 (French Parliament) Mr. Jean Pierre Bel at Palais du Luxembourg on June 03, 2013 DR. BINDESHWAR PATHAK IN Top 50 diversity figures in public life. This category recognizes the achievements of individuals who have used their position in public life, for example as a campaigner, politician or journalist to make an impact in diversity

Dr Bindeshwar Pathak, Founder, Sulabh International (India) - "Humanist, social reformer and diversity champion Pathak works as an advocate for to the so-called ‘untouchable’ caste, so they may work, live and pray as a fully integrated part of Indian life. His work in the improvement of sanitation and production of bio- gas is changing health and wealth outcomes for the poorest people and is cited as one of the Globally Best Practice by the United Nations Centre for Human Settlements.“

ACTIONS THAT CHANGED THE COURSE OF HISTORY – THE ECONOMIST

69 Dr. Pathak receiving the ‘2016 - Humanitarian Award of the New York Global Leaders Dialogue’ on 12.04.2016 at the Harvard Club, New York, USA 70 Mayor of New York, USA proclaimed to celebrate April 14th, 2016 as “Dr. Bindeshwar Pathak Day”

71 Dr. Bindeshwar Pathak honoured as the “Honorary Citizen of the French city of Montier” by the Mayor Mr. Jean Jacques Bayer on 19 November 2016 72 Dr. Bindeshwar Pathak declared Brand Ambassador of Swachh Rail Mission in November 2016 73 Dr. Bindeshwar Pathak awarded the All India Management Association (AIMA) ‘Public Service Excellence Award’ at their Diamond Jubilee Foundation Day Function on 21 February 2017 74 Sulabh International Social Service Organisation Sulabh Gram, Mahavir Enclave, Palam-Dabri Road, New Delhi-110 045, India Tel. No. : 91-11-25031518; Fax : 91-11-25034014 Email : [email protected] Website : www.sulabhinternational.org