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The Dolores Legacy: A User’s Guide to the Dolores Archaeological Program Data compiled by Richard H. Wilshusen, with the assistance of Karin Burd, Jonathan Till, Christine G. Ward, and Brian Yunker With contributions by Sarah B. Barber Karin Burd Daniel T. Falt Paul J. Farley Cara C. Gulley Gretchen Jordan Michael P. Larkin William D. Lipe Judy Newland Jonathan Till Josh Torres Joel Tyberg Lynn L. Udick Christine G. Ward Richard H. Wilshusen Brian Yunker DO NOT CITE OR REPRODUCE WITHOUT PERMISSION (See the preface for note on how to contact the authors.) Revised July 15, 1999 Copyright 1999 by Richard Hamilton Wilshusen All rights reserved. ii Contents List of Illustrations v List of Tables vii Editor’s Preface viii Acknowledgments ix 1 Introduction The Legacy of the Dolores Archaeological Program: A Bequest of Old Data and a New User’s Guide, Richard H. Wilshusen 1 The DAP Data Files: A Short History of Their Original Design, Past Uses, and Possible Importance in the Near Future, Lynn L. Udick and Richard H. Wilshusen 13 2 Provenience Data and Temporal-Spatial Interpretations The DAP Provenience Data, Christine G. Ward 23 The Temporal-Spatial System, Jonathan Till 31 3 The Artifact Data The DAP Ceramic Data, Karin Burd 43 Flaked Lithic Artifacts, Sarah B. Barber 53 Nonflaked Lithic Tools, Cara C. Gulley 65 The DAP Faunal Data, Daniel T. Falt 77 Botanical Resources, Joel Tyberg 87 Ornaments, Rare Rocks, and Miscellaneous, Judy Newland 97 4 Samples, Photographs, and Maps Samples, Josh Torres 105 Photographs, Brian Yunker 115 Maps, Michael P. Larkin 121 5 Special Studies Special Studies, Gretchen Jordan 127 6 The Dolores Program After 20 Years View from the Lake: Legacies of the Dolores Archaeological Program, SW Colorado, William D. Lipe 135 Appendix I: The 10 Commandments for Using the DAP Data 145 Appendix II: Abridged Data Dictionary for DAP Data Sets 149 iii Appendix III: CD-ROM Directory Structure 197 Appendix IV: Summaries of DAP Volumes 207 Appendix V: Summaries of Temporal-Spatial Assignments and Excavation Totals for Dolores Archaeological Program Sites 221 References Cited 235 Contributors 257 iv Illustrations 1.1 Map of location of Dolores Project in relation to major geographic features. From Robinson et al. 1986: Fig. 1.1……………………………………………..after 12 1.2 Photo of Dolores River valley from the Middle Canyon area. From Wilshusen 1986b: Fig. 3.1…………………………………………………after 12 1.3 Map of Dolores area villages, A.D. 840-880. From Wilshusen and Ortman 1999: Fig. 4………………………………………………………….…..after 12 1.4 Map of McPhee and Grass Mesa Villages. From Wilshusen and Ortman 1999: Fig. 5 ….……………………………………………………….…after 12 2.1 DAP FS form………………………………………….……………………..after 30 2.2 DAP Feature form…………………………………………………………...after 30 2.3 DAP spatial systematics. Adapted from Kane 1986: Figs. 5.1 and 5.2.…….after 42 2.4 Plan of household clusters and interhousehold clusters, Element 2, McPhee Pueblo. From Brisbin et al. 1988: Fig. 2.92……………………………after 42 3.1 Approximate geographic locations of ceramic manufacturing tracts within the Mesa Verde region. From Blinman and Wilson 1988a: Fig. 9.2……...after 52 3.2 Moccasin Gray jar (vessel 15) recovered from Site 5MT2181. From Etzkorn 1986: Fig. 6.26……………………………………………………after 52 3.3 Example of a particular subtype (T-11) within the DAP multivariate typological study of projectile points. From Phagan 1988b: Fig. 3F.2…..…………………..after 64 3.4 Comparison of Tres Bobos and Sagehen household cluster toolkit correlations with Dos Casas and Periman subphase household cluster toolkit correlations. From Hruby 1988: Figs. 6.45 and 6.46…………………………………………..after 64 3.5 Plan map of Pitstructure 1, Site 5MT2193 (Dos Casas). Note in particular the two in situ metates (Mealing features 21 and 112) with possible collecting basin (Feature 76). From Brisbin et al. 1986: Fig. 8.11………………………………..after 76 3.6 Measurements taken on large hafted tools. From Phagan 1986b: Fig. 3.33…after 76 v 3.7 Gaming pieces made of worked bone, from Site 5MT5106 (Weasel Pueblo). From Morris 1988: Fig. 5.52…………………………………………….……….after 86 3.8 Bone-tool-production toolkit and associated Abajo Red-on-orange feather box, from Site 5MT4644 (Windy Wheat Hamlet). From Brisbin 1986: Fig. 9.46…….after 86 3.9 Proportional taxonomic composition of faunal assemblages from McPhee Village roomblocks. From Potter 1997: Fig. 6….……………………….……...after 86 3.10 Bird s eye view of the reconstructed potential dry farming belt, AD 800-1000, southwestern Colorado and climatograph for dry-farm corn, A.D. 800-1000. From Petersen 1987d: Fig. 15.5………………………………………………….after 96 3.11 Standard DAP sampling scheme for hearths and related features. From Kane and Robinson 1984: Fig. 25….………………………………………after 96 3.12 Jet effigy from midden deposit, Area 4, Site 5MT23 (Grass Mesa Village). From Morris et al. 1988: Fig.6.51…………….………………………………...after 104 4.1 Stratigraphic profile of Pitstructure 2, Site 5MT2193 (Dos Casas). From Brisbin et al. 1986: Fig. 8.20…………….………………………………..after 114 4.2 Plan map of roof fall, Pitstructure 2, Site 5MT2193 (Dos Casas). From Brisbin et al. 1986: Fig. 8.37….………….……………………………….after 114 4.3 View of lake area…………………………………………………………...after 120 4.4 Excavation in progress, Site 5MT4512 (Cascade House). From Wilshusen 1986c: Fig. 10.11………………………………………………after 120 4.5 Eccentric flaked lithic items from fill of Pitstructure 202, Area 3, Site 5MT2182 (Rio Vista Village). From Wilshusen and Varien 1986: Fig. 3.124……………...after 120 4.6 Probability and judgmental sampling plan for Area 3, Site 5MT2182 (Rio Vista Village). From Wilshusen and Varien 1986: Fig. 3.88………………after 126 5.1 Momentary human population by modeling period. From Schlanger 1987: Fig. 23.2…………………………………………………after 134 vi Tables Table 2.1 Location of Human Burials, Selected McPhee Village Sites…………………..29 Table 2.2 DAP Phases and Subphases by Tradition……………………………….……..40 Table 3.1 Distribution of Local and Nonlocal Lithic Materials in Cores from Selected McPhee Village Sites………………………………………………………….…61 Table 3.2 Distribution of Local and Nonlocal Lithic Materials in Cores from Selected DAP Villages………………………………………………………………….…62 Table 3.3 Distribution of Local and Nonlocal Lithic Materials in Projectile Points from Selected DAP Villages……………………………………………………………….63 Table 3.4 Complete 2-Hand Manos and Trough Metates at Selected Sagehill-Dos Casas and Periman Subphase Sites………………………………………….73 Table 3.5 Provenience of 2-Hand Manos and Trough Metates, Selected Sagehill-Dos Casas Subphase Sites……………………………………………...74 Table 3.6 Provenience of 2-Hand Manos and Trough Metates, Selected Periman Subphase Sites………………………………………………………….74 Table 3.7 Number of Identifiable Specimens for Roomblocks in McPhee Village.…...…..85 Table 3.8 Ubiquity of Ruderal Seeds and Fruits in McPhee Community Sites………..….94 Table 3.9 Ubiquity of Wild Seeds and Fruits in the McPhee Community Sites….……….95 Table 4.1 Stem and Leaf Diagram for “vv” Tree-Ring Dates from Site 5MT2193.……..113 Table 5.1 Known Cultural Resources of the Dolores Project Area, as of 1983………….128 Table 5.2 DAP Sites with Excavated Probability Samples………………………..……..134 vii Editor’s Preface This volume is an experiment. It is part of a search for a model user’s guide for archaeological databases. As with most early experiments, it is likely that there is much that could be improved. Possibly some things are done better than most readers might have expected. We have worked hard to make an old data set available, and we now need your help in improving this initial effort. You are holding in your hands one of only about 50 volumes of this user’s guide that we are distributing to potentially interested readers. Please read through the text, work with the data on the CD-ROM, and then tell us what needs improvement and where we might be wrong. We need comments by approximately December 1999 if they are to be incorporated into a revised version of this guide. Please excuse the rough quality of the figures and the text reproduction. Until we get comments on the present version, we have focused on producing an accurate, rather than a pretty, text. Figures are simple xerox copies and are at the end of the appropriate section. If you have suggestions on other figures that are needed, please offer these comments as well. Send comments to Richard Wilshusen, University Museum, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0218. You can also send comments via email to [email protected]. All comments will be appreciated, but constructive comments are especially welcomed. If you are interested in reproducing or citing the manuscript in a research context, please feel free to contact us at the above address. Richard H. Wilshusen July 14, 1999 viii Acknowledgments This project was paid for in part by a State Historical Fund grant from the Colorado Historical Society. There is no way that this project could have occurred without this grant. We are most grateful for the Society’s support of this endeavor and for all the aid their staff has offered us as we have labored on this project. LouAnn Jacobson (Bureau of Land Management, Anasazi Heritage Center) and Stephen Lekson (University of Colorado) wrote the project grant proposal and helped oversee the two main aspects of the Dolores Database Project. At the University of Colorado (CU) Richard Wilshusen and a class of graduate student contributors wrote the user’s guide and pulled together the data on the accompanying CD. Victoria Atkins and Susan Thomas, with the assistance of Patricia Lacey, coordinated the ARGUS data conversions for the Anasazi Heritage Center’s DAP database. There were many, many people—especially many ex-DAP researchers—who aided in CU’s updating a data set that is over 20 years old. While we hesitate to single individuals out, Paul Farley, who was the Lab Director at Dolores two decades ago, participated in all the CU classes, answered hundreds of questions by the authors, and truly made this volume substantially better.

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