Literary Elements and Techniques
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FIVE ELEMENTS of PLOT CONFLICT Melissa Voelker - Updated March 23, 2017
FFSSWW 002 FIVE ELEMENTS OF PLOT CONFLICT Melissa Voelker - Updated March 23, 2017 The plot structure, also called the dramatic structure, of a story, novel or script includes the events that make up the idea of the writing. These are often laid out as a series of beginning, middle and end details and include five basic elements as well as a conflict. Conflict is necessary to the plot of any story, novel or script, and comes in two types: internal or external, and four kinds: man vs. man, man vs. circumstances, man vs. society and man vs. self. The idea of a plot containing these five elements first originated in 1863 in the "Technique of the Drama" by Gustav Freytag, who was building on the ideas of Aristotle from "The Poetics." 1. Introduction or Exposition The introduction is where the basic characters and plot elements such as setting are revealed. In most cases the major conflict of the story, novel or script is also hinted at in the introduction, though smaller conflicts in the plot may be introduced later. In a shorter work, the introduction happens within the first few paragraphs, while in a longer work such as a novel it will happen within the first few chapters. The narrative hook or point in the story where the author truly catches the reader's attention, is often presented within the introduction. 2. Rising Action Taking place within the first third of a story, novel or script, the rising action is also the part of the work where the problem or conflict central to the plot is truly introduced. -
Problems of Mimetic Characterization in Dostoevsky and Tolstoy
Illusion and Instrument: Problems of Mimetic Characterization in Dostoevsky and Tolstoy By Chloe Susan Liebmann Kitzinger A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Slavic Languages and Literatures in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor Irina Paperno, Chair Professor Eric Naiman Professor Dorothy J. Hale Spring 2016 Illusion and Instrument: Problems of Mimetic Characterization in Dostoevsky and Tolstoy © 2016 By Chloe Susan Liebmann Kitzinger Abstract Illusion and Instrument: Problems of Mimetic Characterization in Dostoevsky and Tolstoy by Chloe Susan Liebmann Kitzinger Doctor of Philosophy in Slavic Languages and Literatures University of California, Berkeley Professor Irina Paperno, Chair This dissertation focuses new critical attention on a problem central to the history and theory of the novel, but so far remarkably underexplored: the mimetic illusion that realist characters exist independently from the author’s control, and even from the constraints of form itself. How is this illusion of “life” produced? What conditions maintain it, and at what points does it start to falter? My study investigates the character-systems of three Russian realist novels with widely differing narrative structures — Tolstoy’s War and Peace (1865–1869), and Dostoevsky’s The Adolescent (1875) and The Brothers Karamazov (1879–1880) — that offer rich ground for exploring the sources and limits of mimetic illusion. I suggest, moreover, that Tolstoy and Dostoevsky themselves were preoccupied with this question. Their novels take shape around ambitious projects of characterization that carry them toward the edges of the realist tradition, where the novel begins to give way to other forms of art and thought. -
English 12: Science Fiction & Fantasy
English 12: Science Fiction & Fantasy TIME CONTENT/THEME CORE GOALS/SKILLS ASSESSMENT LITERATURE Fantasy - Unit #1 Literary Genres: Fantasy o Writing Assignments 1 Marking Period Literary Elements: Elements of Fantasy, Open Ended Questions o The Hero and the Crown Characterization, Point of View, Tone, Discussion Boards Theme, Plot Short Answers Literary Devices: figurative language, Annotated Bibliographies plot structure o Tests / Quizzes Interpret, compare, describe, analyze and Chapter Reviews evaluate literary devices Summative Assessments o Identify and assess effectiveness o Research Assignments of point of view Literary Analysis Articles o Identify and assess the o Projects effectiveness of tone and mood Multimedia Group Project Recognize and analyze the elements of fantasy writing o Anansi Boys Literary Genres: Fantasy o Maskerade Literature Circles – Fantasy Literary Elements: Elements of Fantasy, o Writing Assignments o Sunshine Characterization, Point of View, Tone, Open Ended Questions o Fevre Dream Theme, Plot o The Alchemist Discussion Boards Literary Devices: figurative language, Short Answers plot structure Annotated Bibliographies Interpret, compare, describe, analyze and o Projects evaluate literary devices Group Report o Identify and assess effectiveness of point of view o Identify and assess the effectiveness of tone and mood Recognize and analyze the elements of fantasy writing Vocabulary Word Acquisition and Usage o Writing Assignments Sadlier‐Oxford Books G and H Multiple Meaning/Roots -
Inflationary and Deflationary Characterization in the Novels of Ayi Kwei Armah
CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by International Institute for Science, Technology and Education (IISTE): E-Journals Research on Humanities and Social Sciences www.iiste.org ISSN 2222-1719 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2863 (Online) Vol.3, No.17, 2013 Inflationary and Deflationary Characterization in the Novels of Ayi Kwei Armah Peace Ibala Amala Ph.D. Department of English, Ignatius Ajuru University of Education, Rumuolumeni, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria. Abstract It is a truism of course, that much of the pleasure of contemporary readers comes from the study of characters. For every literary work is an artistic response of the perception of man and his society. The purpose of this paper is to examine how Ayi Kwei Armah employs the Inflationary and deflationary technique of characterization which is shown to be his foremost stylistic method in his novels. Armah does so by revealing that his technique is a means of objective correlative, meaningful within the African society. Armah’s technique as this study reveals brings to the fore that characters who perpetrate corruption and the destructiveness inherent in the African continent are deflated. And morally upright characters are presented in the inflationary mode. Introduction It is common critical knowledge that the basis of fictional writingis character creation, perhaps nothing else. Characters not only add depth and complexity to the novels by giving readers perspectives of situations, but keep the readers engaged at all times. Armah is one of the African novelists that has continually captivated his readers for the experimental quality of his literary output (Wright 12, Obiechina 53, Folarin 117, Fraser ix ); the yardstick of experimentation in African fiction (Ogungbesan 68 ). -
Benefits of Nonlinear Storytelling in Film and Television
BENEFITS OF NONLINEAR STORYTELLING IN FILM AND TELEVISION A THESIS Presented to the University Honors Program California State University, Long Beach In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the University Honors Program Certificate Joshua Seemann Spring 2017 I, THE UNDERSIGNED MEMBER OF THE COMMITTEE, HAVE APPROVED THIS THESIS BENEFITS OF NONLINEAR STORYTELLING IN FILM AND TELEVISION BY Joshua Seemann ______________________________________________________________ Adam Moore, MFA Film and Electronic Arts California State University, Long Beach Spring 2017 Running Head: BENEFITS OF NONLINEAR STORYTELLING Abstract Screenwriters strive to create narratives that are emotionally compelling and engaging to audiences. This research explores the technique of nonlinear storytelling, focusing on what makes a film nonlinear, as well as discussing what benefits nonlinear storytelling provides to the screenwriting process. Through the analysis of three films and one television show that utilize aspects of nonlinear story structure, this study argues that linearity should be thought of as a spectrum rather than something that is categorical. In addition, this work argues that nonlinear story structure makes it easier for films to cover larger spans of time, allows screenwriters to achieve effects that would be impossible in fully linear stories, and helps writers enhance the audience’s emotional connection to scenes through implicit storytelling. This research suggests that by taking advantage of these benefits, screenwriters can create films that lend audiences an emotionally powerful viewing experience. 1 BENEFITS OF NONLINEAR STORYTELLING Benefits of Nonlinear Storytelling In Film and Television Nonlinear storytelling is a narrative technique in which the events of a story are told out of chronological order. Better understanding nonlinear story structure will help screenwriters create scripts that are more emotionally compelling than traditional linear films. -
AP English Literature Required Reading
Kerr High School AP English Literature Summer Reading 2019 Welcome to AP Literature! I’m fairly certain you are parched and thirsty for some juicy reading after a year of analyzing speeches and arguments, so let us jump right in. After months of deliberation and careful consideration, I have chosen several pieces from as far back as 429 BC Athens, to 1200 AD Scotland, venturing on to Africa 1800s, and finishing up in 20th century Chicago. Grab your literary passport and join me as we meet various tragic heroes and discover their tragic flaws and tragic mistakes. You will learn the difference between an Aristotelian tragic hero and a Shakespearean tragic hero, not to mention gain a whole bunch of insight into the human condition and learn some ancient Greek in the process. I made sure each piece is available in PDF online. If you choose to use the online documents, be certain you are able to annotate and have quick access to the annotated text for class discussions. The only AP 4 summer writing you will do is five reading record cards. Four of your reading record cards could include all of the required summer reading pieces. It is my expectation that you earnestly read, annotate, and ponder each of the required pieces and be ready to launch into discussion after your summer reading exam. Heavily annotated notes on the four attached tragic hero articles and your handwritten reading record cards will count as one major grade and are due Thursday, August 15, by 3:00 pm. Instructions for the reading record cards are attached. -
On Morals, Fictions, and Genres
On Morals, Fictions, and Genres by Shen-yi Liao A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Philosophy) in The University of Michigan 2011 Doctoral Committee: Professor Kendall L. Walton, Chair Professor Daniel Jacobson Associate Professor Sarah Buss Assistant Professor Sekhar Chandra Sripada c Shen-yi Liao 2011 All Rights Reserved ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS To start, I would like to thank the members of my committee, whose incisive feedback and patient guidance made this dissertation possible. Ken Walton sparked my interest in aesthetics and guided this project from the very beginning. The influence of his thoughtful criticisms can be seen on nearly every page. Sarah Buss has been a source of constant encouragement and her attention to detail greatly improved this work. Dan Jacobson consistently provided invaluable comments on this work and equally invaluable advice on navigating academia. Chandra Sripada served as an exemplary model for integrating empirical methods into philosophical inquiry. I also owe much gratitude to all others who have contributed to the finished dissertation and my growth as a philosopher. In particular, although their names do not appear on the cover page, Tamar Gendler, Shaun Nichols, and Andy Egan more than deserve the title of unofficial committee members. Each of them had a tremendous impact on the way I think about the topics covered in this dissertation, and more importantly, the way I think as a philosopher. In addition, Lina Jansson taught me much about scientific explanation and Nina Strohminger taught me much about experimental design and statistical analysis. Other members of the Michigan philosophical community deserve thanks. -
On Violence: a Mimetic Perspective *
On Violence: A Mimetic Perspective * Wolfgang Palaver Ten years ago a violent tragedy happened in this town that still causes us to think about the problem of human violence. This period of ten years coincides exactly with the period since the end of the cold war and its significant change of the international political landscape. The first chapter of my paper will focus on the problem of civil wars that followed the end of the cold war and gave us a new insight into the complex nature of human violence. My second chapter will give a short introduction into René Girards mimetic theory that seems to me one of the most efficient analytical tools to understand violence, especially if we look at civil wars. A third chapter will address some of those questions that arise when we are confronted with tragedies like the Montréal Massacre. I will turn to the work of Dostoevsky to understand what may cause a man to run amok and kill other people - fourteen young women - cruelly, indiscriminately and without knowing them. In a concluding chapter I will give a short summary of possible answers to the problem of violence. 1. From the Cold War to Civil War During the eighties, optimistic members of the peace movement like me thought that if the cold war would ever end it would be followed by a period of peace and harmony. We were, however, quite wrong and had to learn our lesson when we were confronted with an increase of civil wars since 1989. In 1993 the German poet and essayist Hans Magnus Enzensberger published his book Civil Wars: From L.A. -
Tenth Lecture Flashback: Significance of Flashback in Literature the Flashback in the Old Man and the Sea
Tenth Lecture Flashback: A flashback is defined as an interruption in the present of a vivid memory set in the past. There are a variety of things that can cause a flashback to occur, which include songs, food, people, places, or similar events to those in the past. Through flashbacks, we are able to reflect upon experiences we have had in life, both positive and negative, and apply them to the present. Flashback is one of the most popular literary devices used in writing . A flashback typically is implemented by: The narrator tells another character about past events The narrator has a dream about past events The narrator thinks back to past events, revealing the information only to the reader The narrator reads a letter that prompts back to an earlier time Significance of Flashback in Literature Authors use flashbacks in their works for many different reasons. One key reason is to fill in elements of one or more characters’ backstories. Flashbacks can help the reader understand certain motivations that were otherwise unclear, or provide characterization in other ways. Flashbacks can also create suspense or add structure to a story. Some authors have chosen to tell their stories entirely in flashback, such as in Homer’s Odyssey, in which Odysseus tells his story to a listener, or Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness, in which the character Marlow tells his fellow sailors about a journey he once took up the Congo River. Other authors, like Kurt Vonnegut in Slaughterhouse Five and Julio Cortázar in Rayuela, choose to tell their stories completely out of chronological order. -
The Low-Status Character in Shakespeare's Comedies Linda St
Western Kentucky University TopSCHOLAR® Masters Theses & Specialist Projects Graduate School 5-1-1973 The Low-Status Character in Shakespeare's Comedies Linda St. Clair Western Kentucky University Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses Part of the English Language and Literature Commons Recommended Citation St. Clair, Linda, "The Low-Status Character in Shakespeare's Comedies" (1973). Masters Theses & Specialist Projects. Paper 1028. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1028 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by TopSCHOLAR®. It has been accepted for inclusion in Masters Theses & Specialist Projects by an authorized administrator of TopSCHOLAR®. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ARCHIVES THE LOW-STATUS CHARACTER IN SHAKESPEAREf S CCiiEDIES A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of the Department of English Western Kentucky University Bov/ling Green, Kentucky In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts Linda Abbott St. Clair May, 1973 THE LOW-STATUS CHARACTER IN SHAKESPEARE'S COMEDIES APPROVED >///!}<•/ -J?/ /f?3\ (Date) a D TfV OfThesis / A, ^ of the Grafduate School ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS With gratitude I express my appreciation to Dr. Addie Milliard who gave so generously of her time and knowledge to aid me in this study. My thanks also go to Dr. Nancy Davis and Dr. v.'ill Fridy, both of whom painstakingly read my first draft, offering invaluable suggestions for improvement. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS iii INTRODUCTION 1 THE EARLY COMEDIES 8 THE MIDDLE COMEDIES 35 THE LATER COMEDIES 8? CONCLUSION 106 BIBLIOGRAPHY Ill iv INTRODUCTION Just as the audience which viewed Shakespeare's plays was a diverse group made of all social classes, so are the characters which Shakespeare created. -
Television Satire and Discursive Integration in the Post-Stewart/Colbert Era
University of Tennessee, Knoxville TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Masters Theses Graduate School 5-2017 On with the Motley: Television Satire and Discursive Integration in the Post-Stewart/Colbert Era Amanda Kay Martin University of Tennessee, Knoxville, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes Part of the Journalism Studies Commons Recommended Citation Martin, Amanda Kay, "On with the Motley: Television Satire and Discursive Integration in the Post-Stewart/ Colbert Era. " Master's Thesis, University of Tennessee, 2017. https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/4759 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Masters Theses by an authorized administrator of TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a thesis written by Amanda Kay Martin entitled "On with the Motley: Television Satire and Discursive Integration in the Post-Stewart/Colbert Era." I have examined the final electronic copy of this thesis for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the equirr ements for the degree of Master of Science, with a major in Communication and Information. Barbara Kaye, Major Professor We have read this thesis and recommend its acceptance: Mark Harmon, Amber Roessner Accepted for the Council: Dixie L. Thompson Vice Provost and Dean of the Graduate School (Original signatures are on file with official studentecor r ds.) On with the Motley: Television Satire and Discursive Integration in the Post-Stewart/Colbert Era A Thesis Presented for the Master of Science Degree The University of Tennessee, Knoxville Amanda Kay Martin May 2017 Copyright © 2017 by Amanda Kay Martin All rights reserved. -
The Idea of Mimesis: Semblance, Play, and Critique in the Works of Walter Benjamin and Theodor W
DePaul University Via Sapientiae College of Liberal Arts & Social Sciences Theses and Dissertations College of Liberal Arts and Social Sciences 8-2012 The idea of mimesis: Semblance, play, and critique in the works of Walter Benjamin and Theodor W. Adorno Joseph Weiss DePaul University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://via.library.depaul.edu/etd Recommended Citation Weiss, Joseph, "The idea of mimesis: Semblance, play, and critique in the works of Walter Benjamin and Theodor W. Adorno" (2012). College of Liberal Arts & Social Sciences Theses and Dissertations. 125. https://via.library.depaul.edu/etd/125 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the College of Liberal Arts and Social Sciences at Via Sapientiae. It has been accepted for inclusion in College of Liberal Arts & Social Sciences Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Via Sapientiae. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Idea of Mimesis: Semblance, Play, and Critique in the Works of Walter Benjamin and Theodor W. Adorno A Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy October, 2011 By Joseph Weiss Department of Philosophy College of Liberal Arts and Sciences DePaul University Chicago, Illinois 2 ABSTRACT Joseph Weiss Title: The Idea of Mimesis: Semblance, Play and Critique in the Works of Walter Benjamin and Theodor W. Adorno Critical Theory demands that its forms of critique express resistance to the socially necessary illusions of a given historical period. Yet theorists have seldom discussed just how much it is the case that, for Walter Benjamin and Theodor W.