Boletín de la Sociedad Entomológica Aragonesa (S.E.A.), nº 54 (30/6/2014): 121–125.

DISSOCHAETUS TRUNCATUS N. SP. KEYS TO SPECIES IN THE GROUP OF «D. BRUNNEICOLLIS» SALGADO, 2010. INFORMATION ON OTHER SPECIES IN THE GENUS DISSOCHAETUS (COLEOPTERA, , CHOLEVINAE, )

José Mª Salgado Costas

Dpto. de Ecología y Biología . Universidad de Vigo. Campus “As Lagoas” – Marcosende – 36310 Vigo (Pontevedra), España – [email protected]

Abstract: Dissochaetus truncatus n. sp. is described and illustrated. Dissochaetus obscurus Portevin, 1903 and D. machupic- chuensis Salgado, 2006 are recorded for the first time from Bolivia. An identification key (in English and Spanish) to the species be- longing to the group of D. brunneicollis is provided. Key words: Coleoptera, Leiodidae, genus Dissochaetus, Dissochaetus truncatus n. sp., , new records, key to the D. brunneicollis group.

Dissochaetus truncatus n. sp. Claves de las especies del grupo de «D. brunneicollis» Salgado, 2010. Información de otras especies del género Dissochaetus (Coleoptera, Leiodidae, Cholevinae, Anemadini) Resumen: Se describe e ilustra Dissochaetus truncatus n. sp.. Dissochaetus obscurus Portevin, 1903 y D. machupicchuensis Sal- gado, 2006 son citadas por vez primera de Bolivia. Se incluye una clave de identificación (en inglés y español) para las especies que pertenecen al grupo de D. brunneicollis. Palabras clave: Coleoptera, Leiodidae, género Dissochaetus, Dissochaetus truncatus n. sp., taxonomía, nuevos datos, clave del grupo de D. brunneicollis.

Taxonomy / Taxonomía: Dissochaetus truncatus n. sp.

Introduction The genus Dissochaetus Reitter, 1884 is mostly represented The holotypes and paratypes and different studied spe- by species distributed in the Neotropical region. The new cimens are deposited in the following collections, which will taxon in this study belongs to the «Dissochaetus brunneico- be referred to throughout the manuscript using abbreviations: llis» group established by Salgado (2010a), which includes D. CJMS: Collection of José Mª Salgado (Vigo, Spain). brunneicollis (Portevin, 1907), D. carbonarius Szymcza- CJF: Collection of Javier Fresneda (Llesp-Lleida, Spain). kowski, 1961, D. anseriformis Salgado, 2001, D. machupic- CZULE: León University Zoological Collection (León, Spain). chuensis Salgado, 2006, D. similaris Salgado, 2007 and now FMNH: Field Museum of Natural History (Chicago, USA). the new taxon described in this study. All of the species in OUMNH: Oxford University, Museum of Natural History (Oxford, this group have the following characters: metatibial spur UK). slightly longer than first metatarsomere; median lobe of ae- deagus wide and lacking marginal setae; basal lamina of penis Taxonomic study with long, narrow, strongly robust posterior prolongation, the lamina (without measuring the posterior prolongation) being Dissochaetus truncatus n. sp. as long as or somewhat shorter than the median lobe; basal MATERIAL EXAMINED: TYPE SERIES. area of internal sac with several sclerotized symmetrical pie- Holotype ♂: BOLIVIA. Department of Cochabamba, Pampa ces and flagellum absent (Salgado, 2010a). Detailed informa- Grande, 16º 40’ 09’’S 66º 28’ 22’’W, 2300 m, 19-VIII-2001, tion on the species in the «D. brunneicollis» group is given by baited pitfall, humid montane forest, A.C. Hamel & A. Pascall Salgado (2006, 2007, 2010a). leg. Deposited in the Coll. OUMNH. Paratypes: PERU.

Department of Huánuco, Cordillera Azul, 39 km NE Tingo Material and methods María, 1700 m, montane rain forest, carrion trap, 11-14-I- 1983, 1 ♂-1 ♀, A. Newton & M. Thayer leg. Deposited in the The specimens in this study were supplied by the Oxford Coll. FMNH. ECUADOR. Province of Cotopaxi, Otonga University Museum of Natural History (Oxford, UK), the Nature Reserve, 2065 m, carrion trap, 5-29-VIII-2009, 10♂♂- Field Museum of Natural History (Chicago, USA) and the 10 ♀♀, C. Tapia leg. Deposited in the Colls. CZULE, CJMS. author’s own collection. CJF, FMNH and OUMNH. The study technique is that normally used for this type rd of work (see Salgado, 2002, 2005a). The length measure- DIAGNOSIS. Size 2.84-3.22 mm; antennal segment 3 slightly ments are from the frons to the tip of the last abdominal seg- longer than 2nd; segments 6th to 10th transverse; male protarsi ment or of the elytrae, if they completely cover the dorsal face wider than apical area of tibiae; sternal apophysis of genital of the abdomen. segment short and weakly pointed; apical area of median lobe

121 Aedeagus robust and quite long (0.95 mm). In ventral view (Fig. 4), median lobe with truncate apical area, just slightly arched towards the middle. Basal lamina of penis without posterior prolongation, as long as median lobe. Para- meres robust, almost straight, slightly curving inwards on external apical face, both just surpassing tip of median lobe, with two setae inserted in external apical area, insertion pores very close together. Internal sac with unusual very sclerotized pieces set out symmetrically at the bottom of the sac; also, two differently shaped types of scattered spines, some trian- gular and strongly sclerotized, others resembling small clubs, fewer in number, smaller and not as stout, also a small group of spinules in the apical area. In lateral view (Fig. 5), median lobe tapering towards the pointed tip, and ventrally curved; parameres forming elongated palettes, and posterior prolonga- tion of basal lamina of penis long, robust and slightly curved at the end.

DESCRIPTION OF THE FEMALE (PARATYPE). Body length 3.04 mm; width 1.82 mm. The external morphology and co- louration of the female are similar to the male, and as expec- ted, the protarsi are slender, antennae somewhat shorter and segments proportionally more transverse and the body is Fig. 1. Dissochaetus truncatus n. sp. Habitus photo. slightly wider.

VARIABILITY. Observed in the body size (male paratypes: Table I. Measurements of antennal segments of Dissochaetus length 2.84-3.22 mm; width 1.60-1.70 mm; female paraty- truncatus n. sp., holotype. (L) length; (A) width. (50 units = 0,65 mm). pes: length 2.90-3.20 mm, width 1.66-1.72 mm) and colou- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 ration, as in some specimens, antennae with three to five L 11,5 8,0 8,5 6,0 5,6 4,2 7,5 2,3 6,3 6,2 12,5 th A 6,0 4,4 4,2 4,2 5,0 5,2 8,5 6,5 9,0 9,0 8,1 basal segments and apical half of 11 light brown; also observed in the tarsi of the legs, all of which are light in colour, some specimens with the femur and tibia of first pair expanded and truncate; basal lamina of penis with long robust light brown. posterior prolongation; internal sac bearing two types of spi- ETYMOLOGY. The specific name «truncatus» highlights one nes, the most robust triangular, and several strongly scleroti- of the most unique characteristics of the species, the apical zed symmetrical pieces at the bottom of the sac. area of the median lobe of the aedeagus is clearly truncate in DESCRIPTION OF THE HOLOTYPE (MALE). Body length 3.07 ventral or dorsal view. mm; width 1.62 mm (Fig. 1). Winged. Uniform dark brown DISCUSSION. A comparison of the external morphology of colour, slightly lighter on maxillary palps, protarsi and first this new taxon, shows that it most resembles species are D. four antennal segments only. Generally elongate oval-shaped machupicchuensis Salgado, 2006 and D. similaris Salgado, body, quite wide as it is almost twice as long as wide. Pubes- 2007. They have similar body shape, antennal segments, male cence greyish, short and recumbent. Punctuation on head with protarsi and general colouration of the body and appendices. small shallow points, the separation between them being less Undoubtedly, the most significant differences can be obser- tan the lenght of the diameter of each one. Eyes large and well ved in the aedeagus, as D. truncatus n. sp. is the only species pigmented. in the «D. brunneicollis» group presenting the median lobe Antennae just surpassing base of pronotum; segments th th rd nd with a truncate tip, and also unusual, dispersed robust spiny in 6 to 10 transverse; segment 3 slightly longer than 2 ; the internal sac. segment 8th almost three times wider than long and 11th, wea- kly pointed, twice as long as 10th (Fig. 2) (Table I). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION. Although the new taxon is Pronotum clearly narrower than widest area of elytra; described in this study, it appears to be a widely dispersed 1.67 times wider than long, widest at basal third; rounded species as there are records for Bolivia, Ecuador and Peru. sides clearly tapering towards the back, with hind vertices protruding and quite pointed. Dissochaetus machupicchuensis Salgado, 2006

Elytra oval-shaped and quite convex, edges uniformly MATERIAL EXAMINED: BOLIVIA. Department of Cochabam- rounded and apical areas broadly arched; maximum width at ba, Pampa Grande, 16º 40’ 09’’S 66º 28’ 22’’W, 2300 m, 19- anterior third; transverse striae fine, close together, perpendicu- VIII-2001, baited pitfall, humid montane forest, 16 ♂♂-13 lar to suture and shallow, though more marked in lateral areas. ♀♀, A.C. Hamel & A. Pascall leg. Deposited in the Coll. Anterior tarsi with first four segments dilated, the first OUMNH. Department of Cochabamba, Carmen Pampa, 16º strongly expanded, wider than apical area of tibia (proportion 37’ 06’’S 66º 28’ 50’’W, 1820 m, 26-VIII-2001, baited pitfall, = 1.12); large spurs of posterior tibiae somewhat longer than humid montane forest, 42 ♂♂-34 ♀♀, A.C. Hamel & A. Pas- first metatarsomere. call leg. Deposited in the Colls. OUMNH and CZULE (2 ♂♂- Genital segment longer than wide, with sternal apophy- 1 ♀). sis short and weakly pointed (Fig. 3).

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Fig. 2-5. Dissochaetus truncatus n. sp.: 2. Antenna; 3. Genital segment; 4. Aedeagus, ventral view; 5. Aedeagus, lateral view. (Scale bars: 0,20 mm).

BRIEF DESCRIPTION. Size 2.83-2.98 mm. Body uniformly dark GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION. Only the record from Machu brown; male protarsi as wide as tip of protibiae; in ventral Picchu (Peru) (Salgado, 2006) is known for this species. The view, median lobe of aedeagus lacking marked sinuosity in data in this study show that it occurs frequently in both captu- lateral margins of apical area and with arch-shaped tip quite re areas, extend the distribution area of the species and are the pointed; parameres narrow at tip and curved inwards; internal first record for Bolivia. sac with a group of spines not fully developed but clearly Key to the species in the «Dissochaetus visible in the apical area, also sclerotized pieces in basal area brunneicollis» group: in clearly defined shapes set out symmetrically, and also one ring-shaped piece (see Figs., Salgado, 2006). 1. Apical area of median lobe of aedeagus truncate; internal

rd sac with robust disperse spines ...... D. truncatus n. sp. NOTE. In the specimens from Bolivia, antennal segment 3 is nd – Apical area of median lobe of aedeagus shaped differen- as long as or longer than 2 ; whereas in the species described tly; spines, if present, grouped together and not robust ... from Peru, both segments are almost the same length...... 2

123 2. Male protarsi wider than apical area of tibiae; median lobe aplanados hacia el tercio de la zona apical; piezas basales of aedeagus with manifest concavity on sides of apical del saco interno menos desarrolladas ...... D. carbonarius third and expanding towards the tip ...... 3 5. Zona apical del lóbulo medio del edeago, en visión ven- – Male protarsi as wide or somewhat narrower than apical tral, con los márgenes laterales sin una marcada sinuosi- area of tibiae; median lobe of aedeagus lacking manifest dad, y en visión lateral, con el ápice en arco afilado; concavity on sides of apical third and narrowing progres- parámeros ligeramente más cortos que el lóbulo medio y sively towards tip ...... 5 con la zona apical afilada y curvada ...... 3. Antennal segments 5 to 10 transverse; apical area of pa- ...... D. machupicchuensis rameres arcuate or elbow-shaped and not expanded; apical – Zona apical del lóbulo medio del edeago, en visión ven- area of internal sac with spinules ...... 4 tral, con los márgenes laterales sinuosos, y en visión late- – Antennal segments 8 to 10 transverse; apical area of pa- ral, con el ápice dilatado; parámeros ligeramente más lar- rameres not arcuate and expanded; apical area of internal gos que el lóbulo medio y con la zona apical ensanchada y sac with developed spines and spinules ...... no curvada ...... D. brunneicollis ...... D. anseriformis

OTHER SPECIES IN THE GENUS DISSOCHAETUS: 4. Size less than 2.30 mm; tip of median lobe of aedeagus in narrower arch; parameres elbow-shaped and cylindrical Dissochaetus curtus Portevin, 1903 towards third of apical area; basal pieces of internal sac MATERIAL EXAMINED: BOLIVIA. Department of Cochabam- more developed ...... D. similaris ba, Pampa Grande, 16º 40’ 09’’S 66º 28’ 22’’W, 2300 m, 19- – Size over 2.50 mm; tip of median lobe of aedeagus in VIII-2001, baited pitfall, humid montane forest, 3 ♂♂-6 ♀♀, wider arch; parameres arcuate and slightly flattened to- A.C. Hamel & A. Pascall leg. Department of Cochabamba, wards third of apical area; basal pieces of internal sac less Carmen Pampa, 16º 37’ 06’’S 66º 28’ 50’’W, 1820 m, 26- developed ...... D. carbonarius VIII-2001, baited pitfall, humid montane forest, 2 ♂♂-6 ♀♀, 5. In ventral view, apical area of median lobe of aedeagus A.C. Hamel & A. Pascall leg. Deposited in the Colls. with lateral margins lacking marked sinuosity; in lateral OUMNH and CZULE (1 ♂). ECUADOR. Province of Coto- view, with tip in pointed arch; parameres just shorter than paxi, Otonga Nature Reserve, 2065 m, carrion trap, 5-9-VIII- median lobe, apical area pointed and curved ...... 2009, 10♂♂-16 ♀♀, C. Tapia leg. Deposited in the Colls...... D. machupicchuensis CZULE, CJMS and CJF. – In ventral view, apical area of median lobe of aedeagus BRIEF DESCRIPTION. The characters that best define this spe- with lateral margins sinuous, in lateral view, with tip dila- cies are: body uniformly black; antennae with segment 2nd as ted; parameres just longer than median lobe, apical area long as 3rd; hind angles of pronotum well defined and not expanded and not curved ...... D. brunneicollis sinuate in basal area; transverse striolae of elytra fine, close

together and perpendicular to suture; large metatibial spur Clave de las especies del grupo de «D. brunneicollis»: slightly longer than first metatarsomere; median lobe of ae- 1. Zona apical del lóbulo medio del edeago truncada; saco deagus triangular and pointed, lacking marginal setae; basal interno con espinas robustas y dispersas ...... lamina of penis with long and developed pointed posterior ...... D. truncatus n. sp. prolongation, without measuring the prolongation, this lamina – Zona apical del lóbulo medio del edeago de otra forma; si as long as median lobe; parameres straight, just longer than hay espinas, agrupadas y no robustas ...... 2 median lobe; internal sac bearing numerous small spines and 2. Protarsos del macho más anchos que la zona apical de las scales in apical and basal areas, with a singular ring-shaped tibias; lóbulo medio del edeago con una manifiesta conca- piece in the latter area; flagellum absent. vidad en los lados del tercio apical y se ensancha hacia el COMMENTS. In Jeannel (1936), the following species were ápice ...... 3 included in the group «Dissochaetus curtus» Jeannel, 1936: – Protarsos del macho tan anchos o algo más estrechos que Dissochaetus inmaculatus Pic, 1923, D. brunneicollis Por- la zona apical de las tibias; lóbulo medio del edeago sin tevin, 1907, D. mexicanus Jeannel, 1936 and D. curtus. manifiesta concavidad en los lados del tercio apical y se Later, Salgado (2010a) restructured the groups formed by estrecha progresivamente hacia el ápice ...... 5 Jeannel (1936) and established a series of new groups. To 3. Artejos antenales 5 a 10 transversos; zona apical de los do this, he used different morphological characters from parámeros arqueada o acodada y no ensanchada; zona these groups, in particular the male genitalia. Taking into apical del saco interno con espínulas ...... 4 account the bases used to establish the groups, Salgado (op. – Artejos antenales 8 a 10 transversos; zona apical de los cit.) maintained the «D. curtus» Jeannel, 1936, but only parámeros no arqueada y ensanchada; zona apical del sa- included D. curtoides Szymczakowski, 1961, as well as D. co interno con espínulas y espinas desarrolladas ...... curtus...... D. anseriformis GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION. Currently, it is one of the 4. Talla inferior a 2,30 mm; ápice del lóbulo medio del edea- species in the genus Dissochaetus with the most information go en arco más estrecho; parámeros acodados y cilíndri- available and one of the most widely distributed. Portevin cos hacia el tercio de la zona apical; piezas basales del sa- (1903) describes it for the first time from Cochabamba (Bo- co interno muy desarrolladas ...... D. similaris livia), the same department where data for this paper were – Talla superior a 2,50 mm; ápice del lóbulo medio del obtained. Other authors reported it from Venezuela (Jean- edeago en arco más ancho; parámeros arqueados y algo nel, 1936; Szymczakowski, 1961), Mexico (Szymczakows-

124 ki, 1961, 1968; Peck, 1973) and later Salgado from Bolivia References (2001) and Ecuador (2001, 2005b, 2008, 2010b). JEANNEL, R. 1936. Monographie des Catopidae. Mémoires du Muséum national d’Histoire Naturelle (n.s.), 1: 1-433. Dissochaetus obscurus Portevin, 1903 PECK, S.B. 1973. A review of the cavernicolous Catopinae (Co- leoptera: Leiodidae) of Mexico, Belize and Guatemala. Bul- MATERIAL EXAMINED: BOLIVIA. Department of Cochabam- letin of the Association for Mexican Cave Studies, 5: 97- ba, Carmen Pampa, 16º 37’ 06’’S 66º 28’ 50’’W, 1820 m, 26- 106. VIII-2001, baited pitfall, humid montane forest, 2 ♂♂-4 ♀♀, PECK, S.B., P. GNASPINI & F. NEWTON 1998. Catalogue and generic A.C. Hamel & A. Pascall leg. Deposited in the Coll. keys for the Leiodidae of Mexico, West Indies and Central OUMNH. Department of Cochabamba, Pampa Grande, 16º and South America (Insecta: Coleoptera). Giornale italiano di 40’ 09’’S 66º 28’ 22’’W, 2300 m, 19-VIII-2001, baited pit- Entomologia, 9: 37-72. fall, humid montane forest, 1 ♀, A.C. Hamel & A. Pascall leg. PORTEVIN, G. 1903. Clavicornes nouveaux du groupe des Nécro- Deposited in the Coll. OUMNH. phages. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France, 72: 156-168. BRIEF DESCRIPTION. Almost black and shiny, with anterior SALGADO, J.M. 2001. Nuevos datos sobre algunos Dissochaetus region of head and basal region of elytra more or less dark Reitter, 1884 de Ecuador,con la descripción de una nueva rd reddish; all antennal segments dark; segment 3 almost twice especie (Coleoptera, Leiodidae, Cholevinae). Nouvelle Revue the length of 4th; pronotum with sides weakly rounded, almost d’Entomologie (N.S.), 18(3): 249-258. parallel; male protarsi somewhat wider than protibiae; internal SALGADO, J.M. 2002. Data on the genus Adelopsis from Ecuador. spur of metatibiae clearly longer than first metatarsomere; Description of five new species (Coleoptera, Leiodidae, male genital segment slightly longer than wide, with sternal Cholevinae, ). Belgian Journal of Entomology, apophysis short, wide and tip rounded. Aedeagus very charac- 4: 113-128. teristic, with median lobe pointed and narrow in apical region SALGADO, J.M. 2005a. New species of Leiodidae (Coleoptera) and new records from the Neotropical Región. Revue Suisse de and two to four pairs of marginal setae; basal lamina of penis Zoologie, 112(4): 963-982. much shorter than median lobe, with posterior mid region SALGADO, J.M. 2005b. Cholevinae (Coleoptera, Leiodidae) from rounded and lacking proglongation; parameres much longer Ecuador: new data and two new species. Graellsia, 61(1): 51- than median lobe, slightly elbow-shaped, expanded at tip and 60. numerous microsetae in internal margin; internal sac with SALGADO, J.M. 2006. Dissochaetus machupicchuensis n. sp. Una singular structures (see Jeannel, 1936; Salgado, 2010a). propuesta de reordenación del grupo “D. curtus” de Jeannel, 1936 (Coleoptera, Leiodidae, Cholevinae). Elytron, 20: 5-13. OMMENTS C . Jeannel (1936) included this species in «D. ova- SALGADO, J.M. 2007. Dissochaetus similaris n. sp. El género lis». Years later, given its unique characters, particularly those Dissochaetus Reitter, 1884 en Perú, nuevos datos (Coleoptera, related to the aedeagus, Salgado (2010a) transferred it to «D. Leiodidae, Cholevinae). Boletín de la Asociación española de spinipes» Jeannel, 1936. Entomología, 31(1-2): 135-145.

SALGADO, J.M. 2008. Contribution to the knowledge of the biodi- GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION. Very few data are available versity of Ecuador: new genus, new species and new records for this species, as studies by Jeannel (1936) and Peck et al. (Coleoptera: Leiodidae: Cholevinae). of South (1998) only include the record for Marcapata (Peru) by Porte- America, I. Memoirs on Biodiversity, 1: 2009-223. vin (1903). The second record was made by Salgado (2010a) SALGADO, J.M. 2010a. Nuevos datos y nuevas especies del género after several collections in three provinces in Costa Rica, thus Dissochaetus Reitter, 1884 de la región Neotropical. extending its distribution area considerably. A new record Reorganización en grupos de las especies de Dissochaetus from Bolivia can now be added. This new record indicates (Coleoptera: Leiodidae: Cholevinae). Boletin de la Sociedad that much remains to be learned about the real distribution Entomológica Aragonesa (S.E.A.), 47: 149-163. area of many species in the genus Dissochaetus. SALGADO, J.M. 2010b. Nuevos datos sobre Dissochaetus Reitter, 1884 de la region Neotropical. Nueva especie de Adelopsis Portevin, 1907 de Paraguay (Coleoptera, Leiodidae, Chole-

vinae). Boletín de la Asociación española de Entomología, Acknowledgements 34(3-4): 291-306. SZYMCZAKOWSKI, W. 1961. Espèces néotropicales nouvelles ou peu I would like to express my sincere thanks to Drs. Darren Mann and connues de la famille Catopidae (Coleoptera). Polskie Pismo James Hogan, Oxford University, Museum of Natural History (Ox- Entomologiczne, 31(14): 139-163. ford, UK) and Drs. Alfred Newton and James Boone, Field Museum SZYMCZAKOWSKI, W. 1968. Sur quelques Catopidae (Coleoptera) de of Natural History (Chicago, USA), for allowing me to study such la région néotropicale. Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia, 13(2): interesting entomological material. 13-27.

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