ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT
FOR EXPANSION OF GURU TEG BAHADUR GOVERNMENT HOSPITAL/ COLLEGE
AT
DILSHAD GARDEN, NEW DELHI
DEVELOPED BY PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT, GNCTD
FILE NO. - F.No. No.21-45/2018-IA-III, Proposal No-.IA/DL/NCP/75036/2018) MONITORING PERIOD 15th SEPT.2018 to 15th DEC. 2018 PLOT AREA & BUILT UP AREA 32.52 Hectare; 2, 32,190.43 m2 ENVIRONMENT CONSULTANT & ACCREDITATION
AMALTAS ENVIRO INDUSTRIAL CONSULTANTS LLP (AEC); (Certificate no.-NABET/EIA/1518/IA 0017) LABORATORY CONSULTANT & ACCREDITATION
J.P TEST & RESEARCH CENTRE NABL Accredited Laboratory (Certificate No. - Chemical: T 4181 & Biological: T 4182)
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Table of Contents
Chapter-1. Introduction ...... 5 1.1. Preamble ...... 5 1.2. Environment Clearance Process ...... 5 1.3. Objective of Environment Impact Assessment ...... 5 1.4. Generic Structure of Environment Impact Assessment ...... 6 1.5. Environment Impact Assessment Methodology ...... 7 Chapter-2. Project Description ...... 7 2.0. General ...... 7 2.1. Description of the Project ...... 7 2.2. Site Surroundings and Connectivity ...... 8 2.3. Area Details ...... 9 2.4. Population Details ...... 10 2.5. Water Environment ...... 11 2.6. Rainwater Harvesting and Storm Water Drain ...... 20 2.7. Parking Details ...... 22 2.8. Electrical details ...... 22 2.9. Solid Waste Details ...... 22 2.10. Landscape Details ...... 28 Chapter-3. Description of Baseline Environment ...... 29 3.1. Methodology ...... 29 3.2. Land Environment ...... 31 3.3. Meteorology ...... 34 3.4. Air Environment ...... 38 3.5. Noise Environment ...... 43 3.6. Water Environment ...... 46 3.7. Soil quality ...... 55 3.8. Biological Environment ...... 59 3.9. Socio-Economic Study...... 64 Chapter-4. Impact Analysis and Mitigation Measures ...... 66 4.1. Impact Appraisal Criteria ...... 66 4.2. Impact during Construction Phase ...... 70 4.3. Impact during Operation Phase ...... 83 Chapter-5. Analysis of Alternative Technology and Site ...... 91 5.1. Project Justification and Analysis of Site Alternatives ...... 91 5.2. Alternatives considered for Selection of site ...... 91 Chapter-6. Environmental Monitoring Programme ...... 92
PROJECT – EXPANSION OF GURU TEG BAHADUR GOVERNMENT HOSPITAL/ COLLEGE AT DILSHAD GARDEN, DELHI DEVELOPED BY- PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT, GOVT. OF NCT DELHI
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6.1. Introduction ...... 92 6.2. Objectives of Environmental Monitoring ...... 92 6.3. Performance Indicators (PIS) ...... 92 6.4. Success of Vegetation ...... 94 6.5. Reporting Schedules ...... 94 6.6. Emergency ...... 94 Chapter-7. Additional Studies ...... 95 7.1. Risk Assessment and Disaster Management Plan ...... 95 7.2. Risk Hazard & its control measures ...... 95 7.3. Hazard Assessment Template for Operational Phase ...... 101 7.4. Hazard Description ...... 102 7.5. Preparedness Priorities are to be set up on the Total Risk ...... 107 7.6. Disaster Management Plan ...... 108 Chapter-8. Project Benefits ...... 118 Chapter-9. Environmental Management Plan ...... 119 9.1. Environment Management Plan during Construction and Operational stage ...... 119 9.2. EMP Budget ...... 131 Chapter-10. Summary and conclusion ...... 132 10.1. Project Description ...... 132 10.2. Baseline Environment ...... 133 10.3. Impacts Assessment and Mitigation Measures ...... 137 10.4. Environment Management and Monitoring Plan ...... 140 10.5. Conclusion ...... 140 Chapter-11. Disclosure of Consultants ...... 142 10.1. Introduction of Consultant ...... 142 10.2. Disclosure of Consultant Engaged ...... 142 10.3. Accreditation from Quality Council of India, QCI ...... 142 10.4. J.P. Test & Research Centre ...... 143
Figure 2-1 Water balance diagram during non-rainy season ...... 13 Figure 2-2 Water balance diagram during rainy season ...... 14 Figure 2-3 : Schematic Diagram of MBR Technology STP ...... 18 Figure 2-4-Conventional treatment process in ETP ...... 19 Figure 2-5-Typical design for RWH* ...... 22 Figure 2-6 Solid Waste Management for Construction Phase ...... 23 Figure 2-7 : Solid Waste Management Scheme -Domestic Waste ...... 24 Figure 2-8 : Solid Waste Management Scheme (Operation Phase) ...... 25 Figure 2-9 : Bio medical waste management ...... 28 Figure 3-1 : Site surroundings features within 5 km ...... 30 Figure 3-2 : Seismic zonation and intensity map of India showing project site ...... 32
PROJECT – EXPANSION OF GURU TEG BAHADUR GOVERNMENT HOSPITAL/ COLLEGE AT DILSHAD GARDEN, DELHI DEVELOPED BY- PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT, GOVT. OF NCT DELHI
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Figure 3-3 : First level seismic hazard micro zonation map of NCT, Delhi ...... 33 Figure 3-4 : Climatologically summary (obtained from nearest IMD MET station at SFD (2007-2011) ...... 34 Figure 3-5 : Annual Rainfall (mm) at the nearest IMD MET Station ...... 34 Figure 3-6 : Seasonal wind rose diagram ...... 36 Figure 3-7 : wind rose diagram during monitoring period (Sept. - Dec. 2018) ...... 37 Figure 3-8 : Ambient air quality monitoring station ...... 41 Figure 3-9 : Noise quality monitoring location ...... 44 Figure 3-10 : Decadal fluctuation in groundwater level-NCT Delhi ...... 48 Figure 3-11 : Depth of groundwater table ...... 48 Figure 3-12 : surface and groundwater monitoring locations ...... 50 Figure 3-13 : Soil quality monitoring locations...... 56 Figure 3-14- Soil Texture of study area ...... 59 Figure 11-1 : Accreditation from Quality Council of India, QCI ...... 143 Figure 11-2- NABL Certificate ...... 144
Table 2-1 Geo-graphical co-ordinates of the site ...... 8 Table 2-2 Site Surroundings and Connectivity ...... 8 Table 2-3 Area Details of the Site ...... 10 Table 2-4 Population details for proposed building ...... 11 Table 2-5-Calculation for Daily Water Demand ...... 12 Table 2-6 : Wastewater calculation with respect to ETP ...... 12 Table 2-7- Wastewater calculation with respect to STP ...... 12 Table 2-8 : Summary of water available for reuse and recycle ...... 13 Table 2-9 Design Parameters for Sewage Collection System...... 15 Table 2-10 Wastewater Details ...... 16 Table 2-11-Calculation for Strom Water Load for the Proposed Site ...... 21 Table 12: Calculation of Solid Waste Generation (Proposed) ...... 26 Table 3-1 wind speed and direction ...... 35 Table 3-2 Details of monitoring programme for Ambient Air quality ...... 39 Table 3-3 : Brief summary of the Methodology followed for analysis of Ambient Air Quality ...... 40 Table 3-4 : Ambient air quality in the study area (Sept. - Dec.2018) ...... 41 Table 3-5 : Noise quality monitoring station ...... 43 Table 3-6- Ambient Quality Standards in Respect of Noise ...... 44 Table 3-7 : Noise standards for vehicles ...... 45 Table 3-8 : Observations from Nosie monitoring locations ...... 45 Table 3-9 Surface Water and Groundwater Monitoring Stations ...... 49 Table 3-10 Details of Monitoring Programme for Surface Water ...... 50 Table 3-11: Details of Monitoring Programme for Ground Water ...... 50 Table 3-12 Water quality analysis- Surface Water Monitoring (Sep.-Oct 2018) ...... 50 Table 3-13 : Water quality analysis- Surface Water Monitoring (Nov.-Dec. 2018) ...... 51 Table 3-14 : Water Quality Criteria as Per Central Pollution Control Board ...... 53 Table 3-15 : Groundwater analysis ...... 53 Table 3-16 Details of Proposed Soil Sampling Locations ...... 55 Table 3-17: Details of Monitoring Program for Soil Quality ...... 56 Table 3-18-Methods for Soil Analysis ...... 57 Table 3-19 : Results of Soil quality ...... 57 Table 3-20: Standard Soil Classification ...... 58 Table 3-21 Flora in Core area ...... 62 Table 3-22- Fauna of the Study area ...... 64
PROJECT – EXPANSION OF GURU TEG BAHADUR GOVERNMENT HOSPITAL/ COLLEGE AT DILSHAD GARDEN, DELHI DEVELOPED BY- PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT, GOVT. OF NCT DELHI
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Table 4-1 Impact appraisal criteria ...... 66 Table 4-2 Impact significance criteria ...... 68 Table 4-3 Impact significance -Land Environment ...... 71 Table 4-4 Impact significance- Ambient Air Quality ...... 73 Table 4-5 Impact significance Water resources ...... 76 Table 4-6 Impact significance-Ecology ...... 77 Table 4-7 Quantification of different construction waste generated ...... 78 Table 4-8 Impact significance-Soil Resource ...... 79 Table 4-9 Impact significance- Traffic and Transportation ...... 80 Table 4-10 Impact significance-Occupational Health & Safety...... 83 Table 4-11 Impact significance-Land Environment ...... 84 Table 4-12 impact significance -ambient air quality ...... 85 Table 4-13 Impact Significance -Ambient Noise Quality ...... 85 Table 4-14 Impact Significance –Water resource and quality ...... 87 Table 4-15 Impact Significance –Solid waste management ...... 88 Table 4-16 Impact Significance –Traffic ...... 90 Table 4-17 Impact Significance –Socio-economic Environment ...... 90 Table 6-1 : Environmental Monitoring Plan [Construction Phase] ...... 93 Table 6-2 : Environmental Monitoring Plan–Operation Phase ...... 93 Table 7-1 Risk Hazard and risk control ...... 95 Table 7-2 : Risk Scores ...... 106 Table 9-1: Environment Management Plan- Construction Phase ...... 120 Table 9-2 : Environment Management plan- Operational stage ...... 126
PROJECT – EXPANSION OF GURU TEG BAHADUR GOVERNMENT HOSPITAL/ COLLEGE AT DILSHAD GARDEN, DELHI DEVELOPED BY- PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT, GOVT. OF NCT DELHI
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Chapter-1. Introduction
1.1. Preamble EIA is a technical exercise, to establish baseline environmental condition to predict environmental impact, assess their significance and provide recommendations for their mitigation. The impact assessment covers both construction and operation phase of the development. The report covers areas such as noise, air quality, ecology, water quality, hydrology, local architecture, landscape & visual character, sustainability and socio-economics. Early identification and characterization of critical environmental impacts allow the public and the Government to form a view about the environmental acceptability of a proposed developmental project and what conditions should apply to mitigate or reduce those risks and impacts. The report describes how the project has been improved through the EIA process.
This report has been prepared as per the EIA Notification, 2006 & its amendments, EIA Guidance Manual for Building, Construction, Township and Area Development projects as guiding documents, based on approved Terms of Reference (ToR) Vide letter no. No.21-45/2018-IA-III dated 09th July 2018.
1.2. Environment Clearance Process As per EIA Notification, 2006 & its amendments, all building construction and area development projects covering an area of equal or above 50 ha and/ or built up area greater than 1, 50,000 m2 are designated as 8 (b) projects and are required to obtain prior environmental clearance from State Environmental Impact Assessment Authority (SEIAA). The application for environmental clearance shall comprise submission of Form 1, Form 1A, and Conceptual Plan along with EIA/EMP Report incorporated proposed ToR in EAC/SEIAA. After recommendations from members, Hon’ble EAC/SEIAA issues the approved ToR with additional points if needed. The EIA shall be prepared on the basis of approved ToR issued and will be submitted to the EAC/SEIAA for appraisal and due recommendation and suggestions. Following the appraisal of the project to the satisfaction of the EAC/SEIAA, Environmental Clearance shall be granted. Since, the project covers an area of 76.48 hectare and a built up area of 1,27,994.61 m2.The project is categorized as 8(b) project, under the EIA Notification, 2006 and requires environmental clearance from the EAC, MoEF&CC (as SEIAA, Delhi is not re constituted yet). As per EIA Notification 2006 and its amendments, Proposal along with proposed ToR was submitted to EAC, on –15/11/2018. After recommendations and suggestions from SEIAA, approved ToR was issued in the meeting held on 18/05/2018, accords its approval to the ToR for preparation of EIA/EMP report. The present EIA report has been prepared based on the base-line data generated during post monsoon season (Oct-Dec, 2018)
1.3. Objective of Environment Impact Assessment To ensure that the environmental considerations are explicitly addressed and incorporated into the development and decision-making process. To anticipate and avoid, minimize or offset the adverse significant biophysical, social and other relevant effects of development proposals.
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To protect the productivity and capacity of natural systems and the ecological processes this will maintain their functions. To promote development that is sustainable and optimizes resource use as well as management opportunities.
1.4. Generic Structure of Environment Impact Assessment The environmental impact assessment has been carried out to assess the impact of the proposed project on various environmental components. The methodologies and findings of the study are detailed in the EIA Report along with other relevant information under the different chapter headings as under: Introduction - Provides background information about the project falls in the category as defined in EIA Notification 2006 and the amendment made thereof based on area statement and the developers along with the legal environmental requirements of the project. The scope and EIA methodology adopted in preparation of EIA report have also been described in this chapter. Project Description – Briefly discusses the project features while elaborating on components bearing environmental consequences. Description of the Environment – Discusses the baseline data of environmental attributes such as air, water, soil, noise and socioeconomic environment of the area based on primary and secondary data collection at the site. Study of existing environment at the site and in the study area comprising base-line and environmental quality after receive of new development during construction & operation of the project. Anticipated Environmental Impacts & Mitigation Measures – Predicts the environmental impacts of the various components of the project during construction and operation phases to highlight concern areas requiring mitigation measures. Accordingly, it also suggests controls and mitigation measures to offset/ minimize the adverse impact while optimizing the positive benefits from the project. Analysis of Alternatives (Technology and Site) – Explores the alternative sites and plans that have been considered for the project and evaluates the different scenarios in the environmental context. Environmental Monitoring Programme – Outlines a monitoring programme for the different environmental components during the construction and operation phase for evaluation of the environmental status of the region against the project development. Additional Studies – Discusses any study that has been carried out for the purpose of better understanding of the environmental impacts of the project. It also highlights any pertinent findings from the study that will aid decision-making. Project Benefits – Brings out the positive impacts from the project. Environmental Management Plan – Organizes the suggested mitigation measures to aid implementation through formulation of performance indicators, reporting structure and pronounced implementation periods. Summary & Conclusion – Summarizes the important report findings and concludes on the environmental sustainability of the project.
PROJECT – EXPANSION OF GURU TEG BAHADUR GOVERNMENT HOSPITAL/ COLLEGE AT DILSHAD GARDEN, DELHI DEVELOPED BY- PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT, GOVT. OF NCT DELHI
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Disclosure of Consultants Engaged – gives the names of the technical team involved in the report preparation with accreditation of consultant from the quality council of India.
1.5. Environment Impact Assessment Methodology The project may have impact on environment attributes such as air, water, noise level and soil quality, hydrology and drainage pattern and meteorology of surrounding environment due to on- going project. In assessing the environmental impact, collection, collation and interpretation of baseline data is of prime importance. Long term data sets help us to get better assessment. The objective of EIA is to predict and address potential environmental problems/concerns at an early stage of project planning and design as the infrastructure development has adverse impact on environment. EIA/EMP assists in the decision making process by identifying the key impacts/ issues as a results of the activities and formulating mitigation measures, leading to an improvement in environmental quality. In order to achieve these objectives, the following procedures have been adopted for the study:- Collection, collation and analysis of regional and local environmental status for various environmental attributes (like topography, geology, ambient air quality, meteorology, water quality, noise level, soil characteristics and land use, transport, settlement status and socio economic aspects etc.) to assess base-line status of the project. Identification of environmental impacts leads to assessment of impact on the base-line status which will decide the feasibility of the project and suggests mitigation measures to control pollution with respect to standards applicable for the area. Evaluation of impacts leading to preparation of environmental management and monitoring plan. Addition study will cover disaster management plan during construction and operation phase of the project. Environment Monitoring Plan and annual budget – one time and recurring cost of EMP will be discussed in Separate chapter. Project cost and schedule and project benefit will be discussed along with disclosure of consultants. This report is based on scientific principles and professional judgment with resultant subjective interpretation. Professional judgments expressed herein are based on the available data and information
Chapter-2. Project Description 2.0. General This chapter provides details of the project including site location and settings in the surroundings, connectivity, project components and their development strategies
2.1. Description of the Project 2.1.1. Brief about Project Proponent M/s Public Works Department is the premier agency of Govt. of Delhi engaged in planning, designing, construction and maintenance of Government assets in the field of built environment and infrastructure development. Along with the infrastructure development PWD has also
PROJECT – EXPANSION OF GURU TEG BAHADUR GOVERNMENT HOSPITAL/ COLLEGE AT DILSHAD GARDEN, DELHI DEVELOPED BY- PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT, GOVT. OF NCT DELHI
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assumed principal responsibility for assuring environmental management, and have focused on creating and preserving a safe environment 2.1.2. Brief about Project Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital (or GTB Hospital) is a 1,500-bed hospital situated in the National Capital Region of Delhi, India, and is affiliated to and acts as the teaching hospital of University College of Medical Sciences. GTBH was established in 1979 (fully functional in 1987) with 350-bed capacity which has now been expanded to 1500-bed capacity. It is the first Delhi Government tertiary care hospital in Trans-Yamuna (East Delhi) area, catering to the East Delhi population as well as patients from adjacent states. It is an associated teaching hospital attached to the University College of Medical Sciences, University of Delhi.
2.2. Site Surroundings and Connectivity 2.2.1 Location The proposed site is connected to Delhi, Noida, and other NCR regions. It is surrounded by places such as Jagatpuri, Taharpur village, ram nagar, Shahdra, Jhilmil colony within 5km of the area of the site. Geographical co-ordinates of the site are given in table Table 2-1 Geo-graphical co-ordinates of the site Latitude Longitude Centre of The plot 28°41'1.83"N 77° 18'34.04"E Corner-1 28°40'53.98"N 77° 18'35.06"E Corner-2 28°40'57.65"N 77° 18'41.93"E Corner-3 28°41'5.21"N 77° 18'36.90"E Corner-4 28°41'6.16"N 77° 18'36.77"E Corner-5 28°41'6.75"N 77° 18'36.31"E Corner-6 28°41'5.78"N 77° 18'34.44"E Corner-7 28°41'7.89"N 77° 18'32.68"E Corner-8 28°41'4.92"N 77° 18'27.23"E
Site is well connected to transport facilities as well as surrounded by densely populated areas. Site is flanked by Taharpur road to its Southeast and Road No. 68 to the North. Site surroundings and site connectivity within 10 km are shown in below table Table 2-2 Site Surroundings and Connectivity
S.No Particulars Name Distance ‘n’ . Direction (approx.) 1. Nearest Railway New Delhi railway station 9.87km (WSW) Station Hazart Nizamuddin 11.83km (SW) Railway Station 17.77km (W)
PROJECT – EXPANSION OF GURU TEG BAHADUR GOVERNMENT HOSPITAL/ COLLEGE AT DILSHAD GARDEN, DELHI DEVELOPED BY- PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT, GOVT. OF NCT DELHI
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Shakur basti railway station
2 Nearest Airport I.G.I Airport Delhi 24.89km (WSW) 3 Nearest Metro Jhilmil Metro Station 0.93km (SSE) station Dilshad Garden Metro 1.45km(SE) Station 4 Nearest Jhilmil Colony Industrial 1.09km (S) Populated Area Area Pokect F 0.39km(ENE) GTB Enclave 0.66km(NE) Jagatpuri 0.98km(WNW) Taharpur Village 0.88km(ENE) 5 State Boundary Delhi - UP state border 2.1km (ENE) 6 Nearest Forest Central Ridge Reserve 14.24km (WSW) Forest 14.8km (SSW) Okhala Bird Sanctuary 7 Near park Centeral Park 0.27km(ENE) Badminton Park 0.24km (ENE) 8 Nearest Roads Taharpur Road 0.23km (SSE) GTB Road 0.18km (E) 9 Nearest Hospital Jeevan Jyoti Hospital 0.36km(SE) Delhi State Cancer 0.27km(NNE) Institute Hospital Rajiv Gandhi Super Speciality Hospital 0.88km(NE) 10 Nearest School Govt. Senior Secondary 0.40km (SE) School 0.48km(NE) Greenfields Public School 1.10km(NNW) Bara School 11 River Yamuna River 5.87km (SW) 12 Place of worship Al-Huda Majid 0.97km(WNW) St. Sebastin Church 0.75km(ENE) Durga Mandir 1.36km(WSW) 13 Water Bodies Nazafgarh Drain 9.20km(WNW) 14 Area under CEPI Anand Parvat 13.33km (WSW)
(Source: Google Earth Pro) Google map and topographical map showing site and surroundings are attached as annexure. Annexure 1- Google and Topographical map showing site and surroundings within 500mtrs, 2 km, 5 km and 10+15 km
2.3. Area Details This is expansion of Guru Teg Bahadur Government Hospital at Dilshad Garden, New Delhi. Total area of the site is 3, 35,281.02 m2 (33.52 Hectare). Existing structures like Pharmacy shop, Canteen,
PROJECT – EXPANSION OF GURU TEG BAHADUR GOVERNMENT HOSPITAL/ COLLEGE AT DILSHAD GARDEN, DELHI DEVELOPED BY- PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT, GOVT. OF NCT DELHI
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Animal House I & II etc. having covered area approx. 2,294.69 m2 shall be demolished. However proposed built up area of existing and proposed facility shall be approx. 2, 32,190.43 m2. Area details are given in table below. Table 2-3 Area Details of the Site
S. No. Particulars Existing (m2) Proposed (m2) Total (m2) 1. Total Plot area 3,35,281.02 a. Plot area (Institution) 2,02,342.82 b. Plot area (Residential) 1,32,938.20 2. Permissible Ground 1,00,584.31 Coverage (@30%) a. Institutional (@ 30% 60,702.85 Plot area (I)) b. Residential (@ 30% 39,881.46 Plot area (R)) 3. Proposed Ground Coverage 55,427.48 (@17%) a. Institutional (@ 19.74) 29,837.09 10,125.11 39,962.2 b. Residential (@ 11.63) 15,465.28 - 15,465.28 4. Open area 2,79,853.54 a. Institution 1,62,380.62 b. Residential 1,17,472.92 5. Permissible FAR 5,02,291.53 6. Proposed FAR (@0.68) 2,28,892.83 a. Institution (including 1,40,682.27 33,959.81 1,74,642.08 hospital) b. Residential 54,250.75 54,250.75 7. Built up area 1,94,933.02 37,257.41 2,32,190.43 8. Green area (@53.07% of 1,77,936.78 PA) 9. Open parking area 52,617.04 10. Service area 3,297.60 3,297.60 11. Road & Pavement area 49,299.72 12. Building height 27 mtrs
2.4. Population Details 2.5.1. During Construction Phase The total manpower requirement during construction phase of the site will be an approximate 300- 350 person which includes workmen, labourers, supervisors, engineers, architect and Manager. 2.5.2. During Operational Phase The total population of the project will be 51,165 persons that include inpatients, outpatient, staff and visitor population .The detailed population breakup is given in table below
PROJECT – EXPANSION OF GURU TEG BAHADUR GOVERNMENT HOSPITAL/ COLLEGE AT DILSHAD GARDEN, DELHI DEVELOPED BY- PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT, GOVT. OF NCT DELHI
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Table 2-4 Population details for proposed building
S.No. Particulars Existing Expansion Total Population Hospital Blocks a. No. of Beds (Patients) 881 1687 2,568 b. Regular Staff 11,049 21,158 32,207 Doctors Administrative Staff Nurses/Ward Boys c. Attendants 881 1,687 2,568 d. OPD 3,524 6,748 10,272 Sub- Total (A) 47,615 Residential Block e. Residents (B) 4,000 4,000 Total Population (A + B) 51,615
2.5. Water Environment
Construction Phase
The water requirement during the construction phase comprises of (i) fresh water for labourers, (ii) construction water
It is estimated approx. 15.75 KLD (for 350 workers) of fresh water will be required for drinking purpose which will be imported in form of bottled cans from the local fresh water supplier during the days of construction.
It is envisaged that the embodied water of the major building materials together worked out to be 25.604 Kl/Sq m while the water consumed during the actual construction is 2 Kl/Sq m. Hence, the total embodied water during construction shall be approx. 1,028 ML (27.604 Kl/ Sq. m of built area,). The water requirement shall be met via treated/fresh water supply.
(Source:- Assessment of water resource consumption in building construction in India,S. Bardhan, Dept. of Architecture, Jadavpur University, India) Operational Phase There will be a dual plumbing system for use of water for different applications thus saving on the high quality water. Installation of dual plumbing for using recycled water will save the potable water from authorized water agency. There will be two pipe lines, one supplying freshwater for drinking, cooking etc. And other for supply of recycled water for flushing, landscape irrigation, etc. this will result in saving of
PROJECT – EXPANSION OF GURU TEG BAHADUR GOVERNMENT HOSPITAL/ COLLEGE AT DILSHAD GARDEN, DELHI DEVELOPED BY- PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT, GOVT. OF NCT DELHI
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fresh water demand and life of existing sewerage will be improved. Other water conservation measure shall also be adopted to conserve water. Table 2-5-Calculation for Daily Water Demand
Description Population/Area in Unit water Total Water Sl. (m2)/other details Consumption (LPCD) Requirement(KLD) No. a) Main Uses IPD (Patient, 1,687 450 759.15 Attendants, Visitors and Staff) OPD 6,748 15 101.22 Kitchen (5,061 meals/day) 15 75.92 Clinical water 20 liters/bed 33.74 Laundry @3.5 kg/bed @ 25lt/kg/day 147.61 WATER CONSUMPTION FOR MAIN USES 1,117.64 say 1,118 KLD b) Other Uses Landscaping 1,77,936.78 3ltrs/m2 533.81 HVAC 1,650 TR* 10lt/hr/TR 165 DG cooling 4×1250 kVA** 0.9l/kVA/hr 27 TOTAL WATER DEMAND 1,843.81 say 1,844 KLD
Table 2-6 : Wastewater calculation with respect to ETP S. No. Description Quantity (KLD) 01 Fresh and flushing water requirement includes: 224.37 say 224 IPD & OPD for proposed facility (@5% of total IPD & OPD water 43.02 requirement) Laundry-1,687 beds 147.61 Clinical activities 33.74 02 Wastewater going to ETP @ 80% of (224.37 KLD) 179.50 say 180 KLD 03 ETP Capacity Proposed 210 KLD Table 2-7- Wastewater calculation with respect to STP S.No. Description Quantity (KLD) 1 Fresh water requirement for uses except- (5% IPD,OPD ,laundry and clinical 626 KLD ) @ 70% of (1,118 – 224 = 894 KLD) 2 Flushing water requirement for uses except- (5% IPD,OPD and laundry,) @ 268 KLD 30% of (1,118 – 224 = 894 KLD) 3 Wastewater Generation @ (80% of Freshwater + 100% of Flushing) 769 KLD 4 Blow down water from HVAC cooling (@30%) 50 KLD TOTAL WASTE WATER GENERATION [3+4] 819 KLD STP CAPACITY PROPOSED 1,000 KLD
PROJECT – EXPANSION OF GURU TEG BAHADUR GOVERNMENT HOSPITAL/ COLLEGE AT DILSHAD GARDEN, DELHI DEVELOPED BY- PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT, GOVT. OF NCT DELHI
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Table 2-8 : Summary of water available for reuse and recycle
S.No. Description Quantity (KLD) A) Recycled Water Available @ 80% of Waste Generated 799 KLD B) Recycled Water Required 994 KLD 01 For Flushing Purposes 268 KLD 02 For Landscape 534 KLD 03 HVAC cooling 165 KLD 04 DG cooling 27 KLD Make up water required [B-A] 195 KLD
Total Daily Fresh water Demand Water require for IPD, OPD, Laundry & @ 80% 1,047 KLD Wastewater (224+626+195) clinical activity 224 KLD Generation- 180 KLD ETP- 200 KLD
Fresh water required @ Wastewater Except Clinical Generation- 819 KLD activities @ 80%= STP- 1,000 KLD 626 KLD
Flushing water required Except Clinical activities 268 268 KLD @ @ 80%=
HVAC cooling 165 165 KLD Total DG cooling 27 KLD Recycle 27 KLD
Green area/Landscape 534 KLD 339
Fresh water supply Wastewater line Treated line
Figure 2-1 Water balance diagram during non-rainy season
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Figure 2-2 Water balance diagram during rainy season
Total Daily Fresh water Demand Water require for IPD, OPD, Laundry & @ 80% 850 KLD Wastewater (224+626) clinical activity 224 KLD Generation- 180 KLD ETP- 200 KLD
Fresh water required @ Wastewater Except Clinical Generation- 819 KLD activities @ 80%= STP- 1,000 KLD 626 KLD
Flushing water required Except Clinical activities 268 268 KLD @ @ 80%=
HVAC cooling 165 165 KLD Total DG cooling 27 KLD Recycle 27 KLD
Nearby Construction/ Surplus Drain 339 339 KLD recycled Fresh water supply Wastewater line Treated line
2.6.1 Wastewater Details
During Construction Phase The quantity of sewage generation during the construction phase will be approx. 12.6 KLD. Thus the sewage will be treated by providing small septic tanks, soak trenches and sulabh shauchalaya type mobile toilets.
During Operational Phase Quantity of domestic sewage generated during operational phase shall be 819 KLD, However the effluent generate from Clinical activity and laundry shall be approx. 180 KLD Thus the domestic sewage will be treated through sewage treatment plant of 1,000 KLD and Effluent shall be treated in ETP of 200 KLD capacity. The treated sewage will be re used for flushing (268 KLD) greenbelt development (339 KLD) and for HVAC (165 KLD) and for DG cooling (27 KLD).
Sewage and Effluent Treatment Technology
Membrane Bio Reactor (MBR) The MBR is a suspended growth-activated sludge system that utilizes micro porous membranes for solid/liquid separation instead of secondary clarifiers
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The design of sewage network shall be done in accordance with the CPHEEO guideline, NBC guidelines and reverent Indian Standards. Sewage generation is assumed to be 100% of flushing water and 80% of domestic water.
The following parameters/ site conditions shall be kept in mind when designing the sewage, Sludge and storm water drainage system.
Natural slope of the area. Layout of different facility in the complex; Possibility of using complete or part of the existing sewage network; Sub-soil water table; Provision of Sewage lifting station; ( if required) Provision of venting arrangement for manholes; Construction of manholes & laying of pipes considering ground condition; Termination of vent cowl at terrace level; Provision of adequate slope for horizontal header in the under slung pipes especially for public toilets Sewage flow starts with fractional capacity and builds up to full capacity in due course. An operational plan to meet this demand from a low flow to full flow will be part of the design.
A summary of board design parameters to be adopted for designing Sewage supply system is given below. Table 2-9 Design Parameters for Sewage Collection System
Different Use Norm Used Type of Collection System Separate System Design Period -30 years for sewers and appurtenances -15 years for pumps and electric equipment’s Peak Factor 3 Minimum velocity 0.6 m/sec Maximum velocity 3.0 m/sec Minimum size of pipe 250 mm (ID) Minimum depth of Sewer 1.0 m from FGL (0.6 m minimum cushion) Hydraulic Formula for calculation for design Manning’s formula V= 1/n*(R^2/3) *(S^1/2 ) V= of sewer lines (As per CPHEEO manual 3.4.2.1 Velocity R = Hydraulic mean depth = A/P S = page no-36) Slope Flow conditions in pipe up to 400 mm dia 0.50 full
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Flow conditions in pipe up to 300 mm dia 0.67 full Manning’s Co-efficient ‘n’ 0.011 Shape of sewers Circular Material of sewers HDPE Manhole Sizes As per manual on sewerage and sewerage treatment/ IS4111:1985 For depth above 0.9m & up to 1.65m 900 mm diameter For depth 1.65m & up to 2.3m 1200 mm diameter For depth 2.3m & up to 9.0m 1500 diameter
Table 2-10 Wastewater Details
Particulars Quantity Daily load 1,656 KLD Technology Proposed MBR Duration of flow to STP 24 Hours Temperature 320 C Inlet Outlet (Treated Wastewater ) pH 6.0 – 9.0 7.0-8.0 T.S.S. (mg/l) 300-400 <20 BOD5 270 C (mg/l) 250-300 <10 COD (mg/l) 400-600 <50 Oil & grease ABS (mg/l) <50 <10 An external sewage network shall collect the sewage from all units, and flow by gravity to the proposed sewage treatment plant. Following are the benefits of providing the Sewage Treatment Plant in the present circumstances: Reduced net daily water requirements, source for Horticultural purposes by utilization of the treated wastewater. This shall consequently lead to a lower withdrawal from the underground aquifer water sources. Reduced dependence on the public utilities for water supply and sewerage systems. Sludge generated from the Sewage Treatment Plant shall be rich in organic content and an excellent fertilizer for horticultural purposes. The STP is being proposed with state-of-the-art membrane separation technology called as Membrane Bio-Reactor (MBR) which can produce very good quality with highest possible bacterial reduction without adding any chemicals. MBR (Membrane Bio Reactor) is the latest technology in
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wastewater treatment. MBR has many advantages such as higher quality of treated water, smaller space for installation and easier operation compared to conventional activated sludge process. Designed to produce high quality treated water from wastewater the Membrane Bio Reactor (MBR) is among the latest technologies in biological treatment. The characteristic of the MBR process is the use of revolutionary submerged polymeric hollow fibre membranes in the biological process water tank, so as to produce high quality permeate from domestic sewage, primary and secondary waste water, cooling tower blow down etc. The MBR is also ideal for retrofitting/augmenting capacity/quality of existing wastewater plants. The hollow fibers are combined into bundles and wound around a carrier cartridge, which gives the membranes the required strength and allows for high-pressure air scour for cleaning. The MBR can handle very high sludge concentrations in the aeration tank because of which the size of the aeration tank reduces four to five folds. As the membrane acts as a fine filter, it does not require any further treatment using sand filters, activated carbon filters, etc. The MBR is available in standard and customized modules. Process Description Figure below shows the principle of the filtration for the flat sheet type submerged membrane. Activated sludge in the aeration tank is clearly removed by the flat sheet type submerged membrane. The membrane module consists of housing, aeration diffuser; permeate water manifold and membrane elements. The membrane element consisting of flat sheet membranes sandwiching a support panel is set up vertically. Feed water including activated sludge is filtrated by flat sheet membranes with pore size of 0.1 micron meter. The air bubbles supplied from the bottom of the membrane elements continuously scour off cake of activated sludge accumulated on the membrane surface. This is continuous filtration operation. The air bubbles are also used for the biological reaction to decompose organic substances included in the raw sewage. MBR Module The material of the membrane is PVDF (Poly vinylidene fluoride). PVDF is fluorine polymer, which has high stability for chemicals and good physical strength. The form of membrane is fibre reinforced flat sheet membrane. The membrane has small and uniform pore size. Therefore, the rejection property of this membrane is excellent. Almost all particles with sizes more than 0.1 micron meter can be removed effectively using this membrane. Operation Sewage from main drain line is collected through gravity pipes into a screen chamber. This manually cleaned screen is provided to remove floating and big size particles, which may choke the pumps and pipe lines. Screened sewage is then passed through equalization tank to homogenize the sewage quality and also even out flow fluctuations and feed sewage of uniform quality at constant rate to subsequent treatment units. Air mixing is also provided to mix the contents of the equalization tank. A coarse bubble aeration grid is provided to distribute air uniformly at the base of the equalization tank. After above treatment, raw sewage is fed into aeration basin. In aeration tank, MLSS (mixed liquor suspended solids) in the range of 12000 to 15000 mg/l are maintained. The high amount of bacteria gives better and complete removal of organic matter from the raw sewage in relatively small area. Oxygen required for the bacteria is supplied through the blower. The air is used both for scouring of membranes and supplying oxygen to bacteria.
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The filtration is carried out by the suction pump directly sucking permeates water. The permeate water produced is clear and devoid of bacteria and viruses to the minimum levels. As the membranes are continuously under operation, they are polluted with organic or inorganic substances. Hence, chemical cleaning is carried out once in two to three months for removing substances polluting and clogging the membranes. Normal cleaners used are sodium hypo chloride and citric acid.
Figure 2-3 : Schematic Diagram of MBR Technology STP
Sewer System The alignment and slope of the sewer line will follow the road network, drains or natural ground surface and will be connected to the trunk sewers. The discharge point will be a treatment plant, a pumping station, a water course or an intercepting sewer. Pumping stations would be provided at places where the natural slope of the terrain is insufficient to permit gravity flow or the cost of excavation is uneconomical to do the same. Treatment process for ETP The main objective of Effluent Treatment Plant (ETP) is to remove as much of the suspended solids and organic matter as possible before the waste water is discharged back to the environment. When untreated wastewater mixes with groundwater it can create significant health risks by causing serious infectious diseases to people who have suppressed immune systems. 1. Preliminary Stage: This stage is also called as pretreatment which is the most essential treatment process in most of the ETP. It involves bar screens which comes in variety of shapes and sizes to remove large sized suspended solids like paper, plastics, metals, debris, rags and many such from incoming raw wastewater/sewage. If these materials are not removed then they may cause serious damage to plant equipment’s. When wastewater enters into grit chamber, it slows down the flow of water and thereby removes sand, grit, sand stones and this process is called as sedimentation. 2. Primary Stage: It uses physical and chemical methods to improve the quality of the wastewater which was not achieved in previous stage. When wastewater enters to sedimentation tank or primary clarifiers, heavier solid particles settle to the bottom of the tank and lighter particles will float up and will be skimmed off from top of the surface using a process called skimming and thereby removing 60-65% of total suspended solids from liquid wastewater. This stage may use grit chamber to remove grit. The settled solid is known as primary sludge which will send to sludge digester for further processing. Now partially clarified water flows on to the next stage 3. Secondary Stage: This
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is the stage which can remove about 80-90% of organic matter by using a process called biological treatment methods. Most of the hospital ETP uses “activated sludge process” in which liquid wastewater enters into aeration tank where wastewater mixes with air to encourage the growth of microbes and hence breakdown of organic matter takes place. When aerated water enters into secondary clarifier, floatable matter will be removed and heavier matter settles to bottom which is called as “active sludge” or secondary effluent. Part of the sludge which still contains microbes will be re-circulated back to aeration tank to increase the rate of organic matter decomposition. The left over microorganisms are handled separately in next stage called disinfection. 4. Tertiary stage: This is the final stage which is also known as disinfection stage. This stage removes any residual suspended solids and other materials which were not removed in previous stages. The effectiveness depends on the quality of the water being treated. The major objective of disinfection is to reduce number of microorganisms in the waste water to be disposed into the natural environment. Disinfection technologies consist of ozone, chlorine, and Ultraviolet (UV) rays to eliminate toxic chemicals that exist in the wastewater. This stage removes nitrogen, phosphorous and other toxic contaminants.
Figure 2-4-Conventional treatment process in ETP 2.6.2 Preventive measures to Avoid Leaching Treated sewage from Sewage Treatment Plant will be conveyed to Treated Sewage Tank through pipelines. All the joints from piping system will be checked periodically and carrying treated wastewater pipes will be laid in conduits wherever road crossings are expected. Thus no leaching of treated sewage into nearby water courses shall take place. Supervisors will be employed for overall operation & maintenance of water supply, waste water treatment and other utility services.
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2.6. Rainwater Harvesting and Storm Water Drain A rainwater harvesting system comprises components of various stages -transporting rainwater through pipes or drains, filtration, and recharging the ground water through tanks. Percolation structures will be constructed for ground water recharge.
Runoff from the first spell of rain carries a relatively large amount of pollutants from the air and catchments surface so the system will be provided with a filtration pit consisting of layers of sand, gravel and pebbles of relevant sizes to remove impurities from the collected rainwater.
Need for Rainwater Harvesting Surface water is inadequate to meet the daily demand and we have to depend on ground water. Due to rapid urbanization, infiltration of rain water into the sub-soil has decreased drastically and recharging of ground water has diminished. Rainwater harvesting prevents the flooding of low-lying areas in the site. Efficacy of Rainwater Harvesting The storm water disposal system for the premises shall be self-sufficient to avoid any collection/stagnation and flooding of water. The amount of storm water run-off depends upon many factors such as intensity and duration of precipitation, characteristics of the tributary area and the time required for such flow to reach the drains. The drains shall be located near the carriage way along either side of the roads. Taking the advantage of road camber, the rainfall run off from roads shall flow towards the drains. Storm water from various areas/shall be connected to adjacent drain by a pipe through catch basins. Therefore, it has been calculated to provide 46 (1 Pit/Acre) rainwater harvesting pits at selected locations, which will catch the maximum run-off from the area.
1) Since the existing topography is congenial to surface disposal, a network of storm water pipe drains is planned adjacent to roads. All building roof water will be brought down through rain water pipes.
2) Storm water system consists of pipe drain, catch basins and seepage pits at regular intervals for rain water harvesting and ground water recharging.
Rain water harvesting has been catered to and designed as per the guideline of CGWA. Inside the recharge pit, a recharge bore is constructed having adequate diameter with PVC slotted pipe up to a layer where sandy aquifers/ deeper aquifer permeable layers exist. The bottom of the recharge structure will be kept 5 m above this level. At the bottom of the recharge well, a filter media is provided to avoid choking of the recharge bore. Design specifications of the rain water harvesting plan are as follows:
Catchments/roofs would be accessible for regular cleaning.
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The roof will have smooth, hard and dense surface which is less likely to be damaged allowing release of material into the water. Roof painting has been avoided since most paints contain toxic substances and may peel off. All gutter ends will be fitted with a wire mesh screen and a first flush device would be installed. Most of the debris carried by the water from the rooftop like leaves, plastic bags and paper pieces will get arrested by the mesh at the terrace outlet and to prevent contamination by ensuring that the runoff from the first 10-20 minutes of rainfall is flushed off. No sewage or wastewater would be admitted into the system. No wastewater from areas likely to have oil, grease, or other pollutants has been connected to the system. The quantity of storm water load for the proposed construction project is given below. Table 2-11-Calculation for Strom Water Load for the Proposed Site
S. Type of Catchment's Run off Peak rainfall intensity Rain water harvesting No. Surface Area (sq. mtrs) Coff. (in m) potential (in m3/hr)
a.Building 1. Roof Area 55,427.78 0.8 0.035 1,551.97 2. Paved area 49,299.72 0.7 0.035 1,207.84 3. Green area 1,77,936.78 0.1 0.035 622.77 Total Storm water load calculated 3,382.58 b.Considering 15 mins retention period 225.50 c.Taking the effective volume of rainwater harvesting pit (3 mtrs dia, 3 mtrs 21.19 depth.) d.Rainwater harvesting pits required 10.6 However, total no. of rainwater harvesting Proposed 83 (1 pit/acre)
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Figure 2-5-Typical design for RWH* (Source: Central Ground Water Board, Manual on norms and standards for environment Clearance of large construction projects, MoEF&CC) * Dimensions may vary 2.7. Parking Details Adequate provision will be made for car/vehicle parking at the project site. There shall be adequate parking provisions for visitors so as not to disturb the traffic and allow smooth movement at the site. Project shall consist of open parking. Parking details are designed as per Delhi Building Bye Laws, Total ECS required for the expansion of hospital is 1001 ECS however Total 1,020 ECS will be provided.
2.8. Electrical details The power is being supplied by BSES Delhi. The total demand load for the project will be 8,000 kVA (5 transformers of 1,000 kVA for Existing) (2 transformers of 1,600 kVA for expansion). It is proposed to install Subs- Stations in open
D. G. Sets Details In case of power failure, for existing area there is 1 DG set of 320 kVA, and for the expansion 4*1250 kVA each.
2.9. Solid Waste Details During Construction Phase of the Proposed Building The solid waste expected to be generated during the construction phase will comprise of excavated materials, used bags, bricks, concrete, MS rods, tiles, wood etc. The following steps are proposed
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to be followed for the management solid waste: Construction yards are proposed for storage of construction materials. The excavated material such as topsoil and stones will be stacked for reuse during later stages of construction. Excavated top soil will be stored in temporary constructed soil bank and will be reused for landscaping during operational phase of the project. Remaining soil shall be utilized for refilling / road work / rising of site level at locations/ selling to outside agency for construction of roads etc. Construction waste management is shown in below figure.
Construction n Demolition Waste
Construction waste,Broken Empty Cement Excavated Soil Demolish waste bricks,Waste Bags plaster
Top soil Handed over to Re filling,Raising conserved for Govt. approved Road Making Site Level landscaping and agency for final refilling the site disposal
Figure 2-6 Solid Waste Management for Construction Phase C & D waste of Existing Buildings The quantity of construction and demolition waste generation from the site will be approx. 2,200 m3. The waste generated from the site shall be keep within the premises. The waste shall be mainly comprising of concrete, RCC, brick work, flooring, finishes, pavement, doors, windows and ventilators, roofing, electrical, water supply, sanitary installations, rain water pipe with all fittings and fixtures etc. As inert it shall be used to fill material for low -lying areas, landscaping, Road Making etc. Finer grade can be molded into blocks and slabs with appropriate binder. During Operational Phase Project is health care facility so mainly two categories of waste is generated that are 1) Domestic waste 2) Bio medical waste. The project will adopt a systematic approach for domestic solid waste collection and disposal. Solid waste generated from the project will be collected properly and will be managed as per MSW Rules, 2000 amended in 2016. These solid wastes will be collected separately by putting separate bins at the source of generation. The biodegradable waste shall be sent to onsite organic waste convertor which shall convert the bio
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degradable waste to manure, the manure will be used in horticulture purposes, however the recyclable waste shall be given to recycling agency for further treatment. Schematic waste management plan during operational phase is shown below.
Solid waste
Non Biodegradable Biodegradable Waste Waste
Recyclable Non-Recyclable Organic
Blue bins Dark Grey Bins Green Bins
to Govt. approved to govt. approved OWC-Manure Vendor agency
Figure 2-7 : Solid Waste Management Scheme -Domestic Waste (Source:http://cpheeo.nic.in/WriteReadData/Cpheeo_SolidWasteManagement/chap3.pdf ) Domestic Waste Collection and Segregation of Waste 1. A door to door collection system will be provided for collection of domestic waste in colored bins from residential units. 2. The local vendors will be hired to provide separate colored bins for dry recyclables and Bio- Degradable waste. 3. For waste collection, adequate number of colored bins (Green and Blue & dark grey bins– separate for Bio-degradable and Non Bio-degradable) are to be provided at the strategic locations of the area. 4. Litter bin will also be provided in open areas like parks etc. Treatment of Waste • Bio-Degradable wastes 1. Bio-degradable waste will be subjected to Organic Waste Converter and the compost/resultant will be used as manure.
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2. STP sludge is off to be used for horticultural purposes as manure. 3. Horticultural Waste is off to be composted and will be used for gardening purposes. • Recyclable wastes i. Grass Recycling – The cropped grass will be spread on the green area. It will act as manure after decomposition. ii. Recyclable wastes like paper, plastic, metals etc. will be sold off to recyclables Disposal Recyclable and non-recyclable wastes will be disposed through Govt. approved agency. Hence, the Municipal Solid Waste Management will be conducted as per the guidelines of Municipal Solid Wastes (Management and Handling) Rules, 2016,.A Solid waste management Scheme is depicted in the following figure.
Solid Waste
Biodegradable Non-Biodegradable Waste Waste Recyclable Non- Recyclable
Green Blue Bins Dark grey
Organic waste Converter Final disposal Final disposal Manure through a Govt. through Govt.
Figure 2-8 : Solid Waste Management Scheme (Operation Phase)
Organic Waste Converter A waste converter is a machine used for the treatment and recycling of solid and liquid refuse material. A converter is a self-contained system capable of performing the following functions: pasteurization of organic waste; sterilization of pathogenic or biohazard waste; grinding and pulverization of refuse into unrecognizable output; trash compaction; dehydration
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Benefits of organic waste converter: 1. Large quantity of solid waste is converted to fertilizer in a very short period 2. Fertilizers can be sold as compost to farmers, or used for gardening 3. Machine requires less space and the efficiency is high 4. Manpower and maintenance is very less 5. This is one of the latest techniques of managing solid waste.
(Source: http://cpheeo.nic.in/WriteReadData/Cpheeo_SolidWasteManagement/chap3.pdf ) Table 12: Calculation of Solid Waste Generation (Proposed) Category Counts (heads) Waste Generated (kg/day)
Patient 1,687 @ 1.5 kg/day 2,530.5 Staff/Students 21,158 @ 0.25 kg/day 5289.5
Attendants +OPD 8,435 @ 0.15 kg/day 1265.25 Landscape Waste (43.96 Acre) @0.2kg/acre 8.79 TOTAL SOLID WASTE GENERATE 9,094.04 kg/day Bio-Medical Waste Collection and Segregation of bio medical waste Collection of bio medical waste will be done as per the bio Medical waste (Management and Handling) rules 2016. General health-care waste will be collected the stream of domestic refuse for disposal.
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Sharps will be collected together, regardless of whether or not they are contaminated. Containers will be puncture-proof (usually made of metal or high-density plastic) and fitted with covers. Highly infectious waste will be, whenever possible, be sterilized immediately by autoclaving. It therefore needs to be packaged in bags that are compatible with the proposed treatment process: red bags, suitable for autoclaving, are recommended. Small amounts of chemical or pharmaceutical waste will be collected together with infectious waste. Waste will be collected and stored in colour coded bins. Treatment of Waste Treatment options for bio medical waste are Here are mainly five technology options available for the treatment of bio-medical waste. They can be grouped as follows. Chemical processes Thermal processes Mechanical processes Irradiation processes Biological processes Chemical Process These processes use chemicals that act as disinfectants. Sodium hypochlorite, dissolved chlorine dioxide, per acetic acid, hydrogen peroxide, dry inorganic chemical and ozone are examples of such chemicals Thermal processes These processes utilise heat to disinfect. Depending on the temperature they operate, like Autoclaving is a low heat thermal process and it uses steam for disinfection of waste. Microwaving is a process which disinfects the waste by moist heat and steam generated by microwave energy. Mechanical processes These processes are used to change the physical form or characteristics of the waste either to facilitate waste handling or to process the waste in conjunction with other treatment steps. The two primary mechanical processes are Compaction - used to reduce the volume of the waste Shredding - used to destroy plastic and paper waste to prevent their reuse. Only the disinfected waste can be used in a shredder. Irradiation processes In these processes, wastes are exposed to ultraviolet or ionizing radiation in an enclosed chamber. These systems require post shredding to render the waste unrecognizable. Biological processes Biological enzymes are used for treating medical waste. It is claimed that biological reactions will not only decontaminate the waste but also cause the destruction.
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Figure 2-9 : Bio medical waste management 2.10. Landscape Details Total green area measures 1,77,936.78 m2 A diverse variety of indigenous evergreen and ornamental trees would be planted. As the project site for construction consists of trees, herbs and shrubs it will require cutting of trees for construction purpose. At present approx. 3,084 trees are at site out of which approx. 121 trees will be translocate and 2,963 trees shall be retained , trees to be compensate shall be 363.trees which will cut for them compensation tree plantation will be done at site as well as other lands under DDA. The plant species will be selected on the basis of Urban Standard Plantation norms and CPCB guidelines. Landscape Details are given in below table
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Chapter-3. Description of Baseline Environment
This chapter provides the details pertaining to existing environment settings in the study area of the project. Study Area: An area within 5 km radius from the periphery of project site earmarked as the study area. The generation of baseline data comprises of site visits, primary environmental monitoring, ecological surveys, social surveys, processing of satellite imagery and secondary data review from established sources such as Indian Meteorological Department, Census of India etc. NABL accredited lab was engaged to carry out the environmental monitoring for twelve weeks extending from Sept - Dec. 2018. The monitored parameters included -ambient air quality, water quality, soil quality, noise levels, biological environment, social and traffic survey of the study area. Baseline data is enclosed 3.1. Methodology The baseline assessment is based on project site area assessment and reconnaissance survey of the study area of 5 km radius around the site boundary. The studies were conducted by considering the following: The various environmental attributes were divided into primary and secondary studies. Primary attributes such as air environment, water, soil, noise, traffic, flora and fauna and socio-economic aspects were assessed by conducting field studies and on-site monitoring and review of the past studies conducted; and Secondary attributes such as land use studies, geology, physiological characteristics, have been assessed by literature review of studies conducted in the past and by various government publications and departments and other related past studies and literature etc. Primary environmental baseline data viz. ambient air quality, water quality, soil quality, noise level and traffic density was collected during Sept- Dec. 2018 as per norms and standards prescribed by CPCB. Map of the study area and 5 km radius clearly delineating the location of various monitoring stations (air/ water / soil and noise) superimposed with location of habitats is presented in below in figure.
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Site surrounding features within 5 km of the site
Project site
Figure 3-1 : Site surroundings features within 5 km The various parameters surveyed and studied for the baseline study are discussed in the following sections components.
Land Environment Meteorology Air Environment Ambient Noise Level Water Environment
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Soil Quality Biological Environment Solid waste and management Socio-economic status
3.2. Land Environment 3.3.1 Site setting and Topography The proposed site is connected to Delhi, Noida, and other NCR regions. It is surrounded by places such as sakdarpur, East Ram Nagar, Bhagwanpur khera, Shadara, Vivek vihar, Mandoli and Vishwas Nagar within 5km of the area of the site. Physically the natural capital territory of Delhi can be divided into 3 segments - the Yamuna flood plain, the Ridge and the Plain. The entire area of the national capital territory of Delhi is categorized as Bangar or the plain. The land of the plain is mostly fertile. The entire area of the site is monotonously flat. The project area possesses plain terrain. Highest elevation levels is 211 meters & the lowest levels is 215 meters
3.3.2 Physiography The physiography of Delhi is dominated by the river Yamuna, and the Aravalli range, and the plains in between, formed by alluvium deposits of recent formation. The Delhi Ridge and its four sections, the northern, the central, the south central and the southern constitute the farthest extension of the Aravalli range, its spurs meeting the Yamuna at two points, in the north and the east.
3.3.3 Geology and Seismicity Delhi, the capital of India is bounded by the Indo-Gangetic alluvial plains in the North and East, by Thar Desert in the West and by Aravalli hill ranges in the South. The terrain of Delhi is flat in general except for a low NNE-SSW trending ridge which is considered and extension of the Aravalli hills of Rajasthan. As per the seismic zoning map of India (IS: 1893, Part-1, 2002), the project site is located in the Zone IV, classified as MSK VIII i.e., area having high damage risk zone. The IS code assigns zone factor of 0.24 for Zone 4. The design of all the proposed facilities in the project will take into account the required seismic resistance. Below shown figures mentioning the Seismic Zone map for India Indicating project location and First Level Seismic Hazard Micro-zonation Map of NCT Delhi.
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Figure 3-2 : Seismic zonation and intensity map of India showing project site
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Figure 3-3 : First level seismic hazard micro zonation map of NCT, Delhi
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3.3. Meteorology Meteorological parameters are responsible for dispersion and diffusion of pollutants in the atmosphere. Thus, the Assessment of the existing meteorological conditions in the vicinity of a source of pollutants is vital for assessing air quality in the area. The main parameters are temperature, humidity, rainfall, winds and cloud cover. The meteorology and air environment of the area are discussed in subsequent sections 3.4.1. Long term meteorological data The most recent long-term climate trend data was obtained for the years (2007-2011), from the closest Indian Meteorological Department (IMD) surface station at IGI Airport, Palam, and Safdarjung. Mean monthly normal of atmospheric parameters, wind roses for each month giving the wind direction speed were collected and have been presented in Table below. Most probable wind speed class and wind direction in the area has been assessed and presented. Figure 3-4 : Climatologically summary (obtained from nearest IMD MET station at SFD (2007-2011) Month Mean Monthly Mean Daily min. Total Rainfall Relative max. Temp. (0C) temp. (0C) (mm) Humidity (%) January 23.5 3.9 0.6 71.8 February 25.4 7.4 23.9 66.7 March 31.0 12.6 11.3 54.5 April 36.1 14.2 9.1 36.3 May 37.2 20.7 44.8 42.0 June 36.4 15.6 87.6 54.9 July 32.5 19.5 143.9 71.7 August 31.6 24.0 158.4 75.8 September 30.8 21.8 151.3 74.1 October 30.4 15.3 0.8 58.3 November 26.9 10.0 7.6 63.8 December 23.0 3.9 1.0 68.4 Average 30.4 14.1 640.6 61.5
3.4.2. Precipitation The data obtained from IMD station at SFD for the average annual rainfall in the years 2007-2011 has been presented. Figure 3-5 : Annual Rainfall (mm) at the nearest IMD MET Station Year Annual Rainfall (mm) 2007 610 2008 710.5 2009 486.2 2010 979.4
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2011 409.5 Source : IMD, Years 2007-2011
The rainfall is fairly well distributed throughout the monsoon season starting from July which ends in September; with annual average rainfall over period of five years is 510 mm 3.4.3. Surface Temperature During the summer months of April, May and June, temperatures rises to 40-45°C; winters are typically cold with temperatures during December and January falling to 6 to 7°C. February, March, October and November are climatically the best months. The average of mean monthly maximum temperature as assessed from the Climatological data gathered from IMD surface station at IGI Airport, Palam, SFD is 30.4°C and average of mean monthly minimum temperature is 14.1°C. The average of monthly relative humidity is 61.5%. 3.4.4. Wind Direction and Speed Ground level pollutant concentration is inversely proportional to the wind speed. It can be referred from Table below that the wind speed is maximum in the month of May and blows at a speed of 13.09 kmph whereas month of November experiences lowest wind speed being 5.38 kmph. The predominant wind direction is West and North West. Table 3-1 wind speed and direction Month Wind Speed Pre dominant Wind Direction January 8.85 NW February 10.65 NW March 11.31 W April 12.25 NW May 13.12 NW June 11.25 W July 10.04 W August 9.43 W September 9.79 W October 7.38 W November 5.38 calm December 5.98 calm Average Mean 9.74 W,NW
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Figure 3-6 : Seasonal wind rose diagram
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3.4.5. Mixing Height Mixing Height (MH) is the vertical extent through which the contaminant plume can be mixed. During the winter, average mixing height is lower as compared to other seasons and atmospheric dispersion is typically at a minimum and therefore the pollutants will not be as widely dispersed. During the summer months, the average mixing height is typically at its greatest resulting in increased mixing through a greater volume of the troposphere, and hence lower pollutant concentrations. As studied from secondary data, the monthly average mixing height over Delhi varies from 500-1200 meters. 3.4.6. Wind Rose During the monitoring period, the direction of the wind is predominantly from West followed by West North west and West South West same as long terms trend. The average wind speed during the monitoring period was observed as 2.26 m/s and a very low calm period of 0.26% is reported. The wind rose diagram for the study period is presented in below diagram
Figure 3-7 : wind rose diagram during monitoring period (Sept. - Dec. 2018)
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3.4. Air Environment An important component of an EIA study is the assessment of prevailing ambient air quality status in the vicinity of project site. The tropical climatic conditions, especially monsoon winds prevailing in India mainly control the transport and dispersion of air pollutants during different seasons. Local topographical features along with predominant winds and weather conditions also play a vital role in dispersion of these air-borne particles. The baseline studies for air environment covers reconnaissance, identification of specific air pollutants expected to have significant impacts from the proposed project and assessing their prevailing levels in ambient air at representative locations within the impact zone around the project site. The sources of air pollution during construction and operational phases of the project are as follows Sources of Pollution during Construction Phase:
The construction phase includes site clearance and site preparation, infrastructure development, building construction and demolition, and other related activities, movement of construction vehicles and diesel based machine equipment. All construction sites generate high levels of dust (typically from concrete, cement, wood, stone, silica) During the construction phase of the project, the pollutants anticipated to be emitted are - particulate
matter (SPM), carbon monoxide (CO), and Sulphur dioxide (SO2) from all construction activities.
Sources of Pollution during Operational phase:
The operational phase includes emissions from vehicular movement and negligible emissions from sewage and solid waste handling and disposal. During the operational phase of the project, the pollutants anticipated to be emitted are - nitrogen oxides (NOx), SPM, Sulphur
dioxide (SO2) and CO from vehicle exhaust within the project site
3.5.1. Site area Specific ambient air quality Source of air emission surrounding the site
The vicinity of the project site is characterized by urban setup with presence of industrial, residential, commercial and offices areas. Local activities in these areas within 5 kms of study area contribute to air pollution. Site surroundings have multiple sources such as vehicles, industries both large and small scale, and diverse area sources, such as DG sets, domestic burning, biomass-refuse burning etc. They all contribute towards air pollution in the study area.
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Site–specific Ambient Air Quality Monitoring
A site–specific background air quality monitoring program was conducted for the project site post-monsoon season, Sept- Dec. 2018. Background data was collected for SPM, RSPM,
SO2, NOx, CO at five (5) locations, primarily selected on the basis of predominant wind direction, which is North- West direction. The details of the AQ Monitoring locations are presented in Table below. The basic considerations while designing this air quality examination programme included o Topography; o Representative location w.r.t upwind and downwind directions; o Representative location w.r.t regional background eg. Urban, semi-urban, rural area; o Ecologically sensitive locations within 10 km; o Availability of source of Power; and o Accessibility AAQ monitoring equipment were placed at sensitive receptors (i.e. within or nearby places), where safety and power were provided. Monitors were placed on one-storey dwellings, away from major roads and nearby flow obstructions (i.e. trees). Station No. Location Distance and Project area/study area direction from Project area AAQ1 Sahdarpur Village 1.02 km, WNW Study area (Upwind) AAQ2 Dilshad Garden (Pocket- 0.68km, ESE Study area (Downwind) F) AAQ3 New Modern Shahdra 0.74 km, W Study area (Upwind) AAQ4 Taharpur Village 0.82 km, E Study area (Downwind) AAQ5 Project site Centre Project site
The parameters to be monitored, frequency and number of samples taken at each station are presented in the table below
Table 3-2 Details of monitoring programme for Ambient Air quality
Particulars Details Frequency 24hrs, 2 times a week x 8 weeks
Parameters PM10, PM 2.5, SO2, NOx, CO and Dust Fall
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Duration 24 hrs for PM10, PM 2.5, SO2, NOx, hourly Samples for CO The protocol and analysis procedures followed to examine the collected samples were as per IS-5182 (Indian Standards for Ambient Air Quality Parameters). The applied testing procedures are given below Table 3-3 : Brief summary of the Methodology followed for analysis of Ambient Air Quality S.No. Pollutant Code of Practice Method of Measurement
1. Particulate Matter (size less IS-5182 (PART-23):2006 & Gravimetric
than 10 μm or PM10 CPCB Guidelines
2. Particulate Matter (size less
than 2.5 μm or PM2.5
3. Sulphur Dioxide (SO2) IS-5182 (Part-II):2001 & Improved West and CPCB Guidelines Geake
4. Nitrogen Dioxide (No2) IS-5182 (Part-VI): 2006 & Modified Jacob & CPCB Guideline Hochheiser (Na- Arsenite) 5. Carbon Monoxide (CO) IS: 5182 (Part-X) & CPCB Non Dispersive Infra- Guidelines Red (NDIR) spectroscopy
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AQ-4 AQ-1
AQ-3 AQ-5
AQ-2
Figure 3-8 : Ambient air quality monitoring station
Table 3-4 : Ambient air quality in the study area (Sept. - Dec.2018) Parameters Observed AQ-1 AQ-2 AQ-3 AQ-4 AQ-5 Sahdarpur Dilshad New Taharpur (Project Village Garden Modern village Site) (Pocket- Shahdra F) I NAAQS 100 100 100 100 100 Minimum 91.0 88 93 86 112
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PM10 24 hourly Maximum 426.0 476 422 310 328 (μg/m3) Average 197 260 261 187 191 98th 384.1 460.36 405.44 304.48 323.86 Percentile
PM 2.5 24 hourly NAAQS 60 60 60 60 60 (μg/m3) Minimum 49.0 42 45 41 56 Maximum 204.0 224 212 155 162 Average 108 131 134 97 107 98th 187.4 221.7 205.56 154.08 159.24 Percentile
SO2: 24 hourly NAAQS 80 80 80 80 80 (μg/m3) Minimum 11.5 12.62 11.2 11.8 11.5 Maximum 24.2 25.5 22.7 24.2 23.7 Average 18.18 17.55 17.04 19.65 18.74 98th 24.2 24.442 22.562 24.154 23.7 Percentile NOx: 24 hourly NAAQS 80 80 80 80 80 (μg/m3) Minimum 24.8 32.5 27.4 26.5 25.1 Maximum 62.5 66.5 58.6 52.2 56.1 Average 42 45 39 40 41 98th 60.7 65.994 55.932 52.2 55.502 Percentile CO: hourly NAAQS 4 4 4 4 4 (mg /m3) Minimum 0.88 0.72 0.85 0.88 0.76 Maximum 1.75 2.62 2.27 2.17 2.78 Average 1.4 1.6 1.7 1.5 1.7 98th 1.74 2.4958 2.2608 2.101 2.757 Percentile
The analysis of the above results clearly shows that all the monitored values exceed the limits prescribed by Central Pollution Control Board for PM10 and PM2.5 respectively. The summary of results is presented in the following sub sections 3.4.1. Inferences
Particulate Matter – PM 2.5
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The PM-2.5 concentrations as observed in the study area varied from a minimum i.e. 41 μg/m3 recorded at Taharpur village (AQ-4) to maximum i.e. 224 μg/m3 at Dilshad Garden (Pocket-F) (AQ- 2). All the values were observed to exceed the prescribed CPCB standards of 60μg/m3. The main sources of PM 2.5 generation are vehicular emission, open waste.
Particulate Matter – PM 10 The PM-10 concentration recorded at all the five sampling locations exceeds the limits of prescribed CPCB limits of 100µg/m3. The minimum value recorded was i.e. 86 µg/m3 at Taharpur village (AQ-4). The maximum value recorded was 476 µg/m3 at Dilshad Garden (Pocket-F) (AQ-2). High values of PM10 recorded can be attributed due to dust on the road due to vehicular movement, Construction and demolition activities within and in the vicinity.
Sulphur dioxide (So2) The concentrations of sulphur dioxide in the region were observed to be in the range of 11.2 3 3 μg/m to 25.5 μg/m . The minimum value was recorded at New Modern Shahdra (AAQ-3) and the maximum value of SO2 was recorded at Dilshad Garden (Pocket-F) (AAQ-2). All the values were observed to be within the prescribed limit by CPCB Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx)
3 The maximum NOx concentration observed was 66.5 μg/m at Dilshad Garden (Pocket-F) (AQ-2). The minimum value recorded was 24.80 μg/m3 at Sahdarpur Village (AQ-1). The NOx concentrations were within the prescribe norms of 80 μg/m3 as per NAAQS guidelines. Carbon Monoxide (CO) The maximum CO concentration observed was 2.80 mg/m3 at Project Site (AQ-5). The minimum value recorded was 0.72 mg/m3 at Dilshad Garden (Pocket-F) (AQ-2). The CO concentrations were within the prescribe norms of 4 mg/m3 as per NAAQS guidelines.
3.5. Noise Environment The different sources of noise pollution during the construction phase include vehicles carrying construction and demolition material, operation of construction machinery and equipment at site. During the operational phase of the project, the noise pollution is expected to arise due to increase in vehicular movement in and around the site. Estimated traffic volumes and peaks at the selected locations have been presented in the results from the traffic baseline sampling study. An assessment of the baseline noise levels at five (5) locations within the 5 km radius study area was done. Table below presents the details of noise monitoring, which have also shown in Figure below Table 3-5 : Noise quality monitoring station Station Location Distance and Project Criteria No. direction from area/study area considered / Project area Land use NQ1 Ram Nagar Market 0.87 km, W Study area (Commercial) NQ2 Nutan Vidya Mandir 0.49 km, E Study area (Silence) NQ3 SGV Industries 1.20 km, S Study area (Industrial)
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NQ4 Taharpur Village 0.82 km, E Study area (Residential) NQ5 Project site 0, Centre Project site (Silence)
AQ-5
AQ-4
AQ-2
AQ-5
AQ-1
AQ-3
Figure 3-9 : Noise quality monitoring location The Central Pollution Control Board constituted a Committee on Noise Pollution Control. The Committee recommended noise standards for ambient air and for automobiles, domestic appliances and construction equipment, which were later notified in Environment (Protection) Rules,1986 as given below: Table 3-6- Ambient Quality Standards in Respect of Noise
Area Code Category of area Noise dB (A) Leq
Daytime* Night time* A Industrial Zone 75 70
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B Commercial Zone 65 55 C Residential Zone 55 45 D Silence Zone 50 40 (Source: Central Pollution control Board) Note: 1. Day time is reckoned in between 6 a.m. and 9 p.m. 2. Night time is reckoned in between 9 p.m. and 6 a.m. 3. Silence zone is referred as areas up to 100 meters around such premises as hospitals, educational institutions and courts. The Silence zones are to be declared by the Competent Authority. Use of vehicular horns, loudspeakers and bursting of crackers shall be banned in these zones. 4. Mixed categories of areas should be declared as one of the four above mentioned categories by the Competent Authority and the corresponding standards shall apply. Noise standards for automobiles, domestic appliances and construction equipments have been notified in Part 'E', Schedule-VI of Environment (Protection) Rules, 1986, as amended on 19th May, 1993, noise standard for vehicles are as given in the Tables below Table 3-7 : Noise standards for vehicles S.No. Category of Vehicle Noise limit in dB(A)
1. Motorcycle, scooters and three wheelers. 80 2. Passenger Cars 82 3. Passenger or commercial Vehicle up to 4 MT 85 4. Passenger or commercial Vehicle above 4 MT upto 12 MT 89
5. Passenger or commercial Vehicle above 12 MT 91
(Source: Central Pollution control Board) The Observations of the noise monitoring were calculated as Leq Day and Leq Night. The results are presented in the and depicted in Table below
Table 3-8 : Observations from Nosie monitoring locations S.No. Site Zone Limit as per CPCB Observed Value guideline Leq, dB(A) Leq, dB(A) Day Night Day Night 1. Ram Nagar Market Commercial 65 55 66.5 57.2 2. Nutan Vidya Mandir Silence 50 40 54.2 43.8 3. SGV Industries Industrial 75 70 69.2 68.6
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4. Taharpur Village Residential 55 45 56.8 46.4 5. Project site Silence 50 40 54.3 41.8
Day time Noise Level Noise levels during day time were observed to be in the range of 54.2 to 69.2 dB (A). The maximum noise level was 68.6 dB (A) at SGV industries (NQ-3) and a minimum of 41.8 (A) was observed at Project site (NQ-5). Night time Noise Levels Noise levels at night time were observed in the range of 41.8 to 68.6 dB (A). The maximum noise level was 68.6 dB (A) was observed at SGV industries (NQ-3) and a minimum of 41.8 dB (A) observed at Project site (NQ-5) 3.6. Water Environment This section discusses status of water resources and water quality in the project area. The data has been collected from various secondary sources and primary survey carried out in the impact zone. To assess the existing status of the water environment (pre-project) in the project study area, representative sampling locations for surface water and ground water were selected on the basis of their respective significance within the study area around project site and sent for laboratory testing. The standard methods prescribed for surface and groundwater samplings as well as the analytical procedures for individual parameters were followed in this study
3.6.1 Water availability in the region Delhi depends largely on river Yamuna and partially on river Ganga for its share of raw water. For sustainable development of Delhi, it is essential to ensure adequate supply of water in terms of reliability, quality and quantity. Although, Delhi has an average water availability of 225 lpcd, the distribution of the same is not uniform. The water requirement has to be made from river water allocation and ranney wells in Yamuna flood plains. The future supply crucially depends on the progress of the proposed dams in U.P, Uttaranchal and H.P; Satluj Yamuna link canal and Sharda Yamuna link canal. Further it will also depend upon the conveyance system, which should be in place before the release of allocated water to Delhi. However to some extent localised ground water extraction and its supply after treatment to prescribed level of quality may also be required to meet up the demands. In addition, promotion of recycled wastewater based on techno economic feasibility is also to be done by the concerned agencies for water augmentation
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3.6.2 Groundwater Characteristics National Capital Region (NCR) is basically a water scarce region, dependent upon surface water resources from outside its boundaries for its water supply. The complex situations of ground water occurrence in different formations, presence of saline ground water at varying depth in the aquifers and growing urbanization influences availability of ground water in different parts of NCR of Delhi. According to Central Ground Water Board, the net annual ground water availability of nine districts of NCT Delhi subregion is 0.28 BCM. The total annual estimated ground water extraction is of the order of 0.48 BCM. The annual ground water extraction & use is highest in the South-West district. Groundwater Level • According to secondary sources, Depth to water level: The depth to water level recorded in NCT Delhi during January 2016 ranges from 0.74 to 59.51 m bgl. A total of 115 stations have been analyzed district wise. An analysis of the data reveal that in South district 47% of the wells have water levels of more than 40 m bgl and 20% in the range of 20 to 40 m bgl. The water levels in the districts of Southwest and New Delhi are in the range of 10 to 20 m bgl in 42% of the area and a few patches of 20 to 40 m bgl water levels are also observed in New Delhi, South and Southwest districts. In rest of the district’s the water level ranges between 2 to 10 m bgl indicating that, only in 50% of the State the water levels are below 10 m bgl (Plate-14, Annexure-1 & 14) covering entire Yamuna Flood Plain and East, Northeast, Northwest and North districts. Maximum water levels in the states are observed in the monitoring wells at Godaipur, Jaunapur, Palam, and Pushp Vihar ranging between of 56 to 59 m bgl.
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When the data of January-2016 has compared with 10 year mean of January, it has been observed that 67% of monitoring stations of New Delhi and Northwest show a fall in water level where the highest fall is 4.23 m and 4.03 m respectively. The same condition prevails in South and Southwest districts in 54% of the area where the highest depletion is 7.20 m and 7.65 m respectively. Northeast and East have also suffered depletion of water table in the range of 5.09 to 5.40 m. The overall observation of water levels in the state indicates that the southern districts are facing maximum declining conditions. Whereas rest of the districts like
Figure 3-11 : Depth of groundwater table Figure 3-10 : Decadal fluctuation in groundwater level-NCT Delhi
Central, East, Northeast, West, South and Southwest shows fall in the range of 0.01 to 3.55 m. The overall data indicates that in South and Southwest districts the water levels are showing maximum fall
3.6.3 Project area-Specific Water Sampling/Monitoring The surface and ground water samples were collected from different locations representing ground water and surface water receptor within the Study area. The criteria for selecting the locations of sampling were:
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Land use (nearness to habitation/ any waste disposal sites) Drainage patterns (man-made/ natural canals etc)
Two (2) surface water samples and three (3) ground water samples were collected for analysis. Table below gives the location details of the ground water and surface water sampling locations.
Table 3-9 Surface Water and Groundwater Monitoring Stations S.No. Location Location Code Distance from the Project Site (km) 1. Yamuna River (Upstream) SW1 6.19 km, NW 2. Yamuna River (Downstream) SW2 6.05 km, WNW 3. Sahdarpur Village GW1 1.02 km, WNW 4. Dilshad Garden (Pocket-F) I GW2 0.68 km, ESE 5. Project site GW3 0, Centre
The ground water samples were analyzed for parameters as per IS: 10500 standards and the analysis was undertaken as per IS 3025 and relevant APHA standard methods. In case of surface water, CPCB limits for classification of water were followed for assessment of water quality. Details of monitoring program for surface water quality and ground water quality has been given in below tables. The results of the analysis are also presented in subsequent table
GW1 GW3 GW 2 SW1
SW2
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Figure 3-12 : surface and groundwater monitoring locations Table 3-10 Details of Monitoring Programme for Surface Water
Particulars Details Frequency 1 grab sample Parameters Parameters as per CPCB Water Use Class Methodology Representative sampling across River, collection in sterilized inert sampling bottles and analysis according to standard BIS Methodology
Table 3-11: Details of Monitoring Programme for Ground Water
Particulars Details Frequency 4 grab sample for composite sampling from each station once during the Study Period Parameters Temperature, TDS, TSS, pH, TH, Ca, Mg, Conductivity, DO, Zn, Cu,
Cl, SO4, NO3, F, Fe, Pb and Coliform Methodology Sample collection in sterilized inert sampling bottles and analysis according to standard BIS Methodology (IS: 10500)
Table 3-12 Water quality analysis- Surface Water Monitoring (Sep.-Oct 2018)
S.No. Parameters Unit Yamuna River Yamuna River SW1 SW2 (Upstream) (Downstream) 1. pH - 7.86 7.75 2. Dissolved Oxygen mg/l 2.7 2.2 3. BOD (3 Days at 27 °C) mg/l 15 17 4. Total hardness mg/l 198 214 5. Sodium Adsorption Ratio - 2.93 2.91 6. Boron mg/l 0.2 0.2 7. Conductivity µmhos/cm 848 867 8. TDS mg/l 536 564 9. Turbidity NTU 24 29
10. phosphate as PO4 mg/l 1.4 1.8
11. Total Alkalinity (as CaCO3) mg/l 166 172
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12. Chloride (as Cl) mg/l 136 136
13. sulphate (as SO4) mg/l 58 70
14. Nitrate (as NO3) mg/l 11 12 15. Fluoride (as F) mg/l 0.7 0.6 16. Sodium (as Na) mg/l 95 98 17. Potassium (as K) mg/l 15 14 18. Calcium as Ca mg/l 56 58 19. Magnessium as Mg mg/l 13.9 16.6 20. COD mg/l 82 96
21. Phenolic compounds (as C6H5OH) mg/l <0.001 <0.001 22. Lead (as Pb) mg/l 0.03 0.02 23. Iron (as Fe) mg/l 0.23 0.29 24. Cadmium (as Cd) mg/l <0.01 <0.01 25. Zinc (as Zn) mg/l 0.31 0.35 26. Arsenic (as As) mg/l <0.01 <0.01 27. Mercury (as Hg) mg/l <0.001 <0.001 28. Chromium (as Cr) mg/l <0.01 <0.01 29. Nickel (as Ni mg/l <0.01 <0.01 Microbiological Parameters 1. Total Coliform MPN/100ml 4.1x105 4.9x105 2. Faecal Coliform MPN/100ml 1.1x105 1.4x105
Table 3-13 : Water quality analysis- Surface Water Monitoring (Nov.-Dec. 2018) S.No. Parameters Unit Yamuna River Yamuna River SW1 SW2 (Upstream) (Downstream) 30. pH - 7.58 7.62 31. Dissolved Oxygen mg/l 3.3 3 32. BOD (3 Days at 27 °C) mg/l 39 36 33. Total hardness mg/l 341 356 34. Sodium Adsorption Ratio - 3.88 3.04 35. Boron mg/l 0.35 0.31 36. Conductivity µmhos/cm 1469 1524
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37. TDS mg/l 976 1065 38. Turbidity NTU 38 35
39. phosphate as PO4 mg/l 2.9 3.3
40. Total Alkalinity (as CaCO3) mg/l 312 324 41. Chloride (as Cl) mg/l 232 148
42. sulphate (as SO4) mg/l 102 92
43. Nitrate (as NO3) mg/l 17.3 15.8 44. Fluoride (as F) mg/l 0.61 0.58 45. Sodium (as Na) mg/l 165 132 46. Potassium (as K) mg/l 37 24 47. Calcium as Ca mg/l 82 86 48. Magnesium as Mg mg/l 32.6 33.8 49. COD mg/l 232 241 50. Phenolic compounds (as mg/l <0.001 <0.001
C6H5OH) 51. Lead (as Pb) mg/l <0.01 <0.01 52. Iron (as Fe) mg/l 0.38 0.41 53. Cadmium (as Cd) mg/l <0.01 <0.01 54. Zinc (as Zn) mg/l 0.59 0.46 55. Arsenic (as As) mg/l <0.01 <0.01 56. Mercury (as Hg) mg/l <0.001 <0.001 57. Chromium (as Cr) mg/l <0.01 <0.01 58. Nickel (as Ni mg/l <0.01 <0.01 Microbiological Parameters 3. Total Coliform MPN/100ml 8.2x105 5.8x105 4. Faecal Coliform MPN/100ml 2.1x105 1.1x105
3.6.4 Results The surface water sample was collected from Yamuna River upstream and downstream where: The Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) levels were found to be very high, i.e. 39 mg /l.(Dec. 2018,SW2) Concentration of boron in water sample collected is 0.35 mg/litre (Dec-2018,SW1) The pH from all the locations varies from 7.52-7.86.The dissolved oxygen varies from 2.2 mg/l to 3.3 mg/l.
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Surface water quality was analyzed for parameters as mentioned in the ‘Methods of Monitoring & Analysis published by CPCB (Annexure-IV)’ and it was rated according to the CPCB Water Quality Criteria against A, B, C, D & E class of water based on parameters identified in the criteria. Water samples were collected as Grab water sample from sampling location in a 5 liter plastic jerrycan and 250 ml sterilized clean glass/pet bottle for complete physico-chemical and bacteriological tests respectively. The samples were analyzed as per standard procedure/ method given in IS: 3025 (Revised Part) and standard method for examination of water and wastewater Ed. 21st, published jointly APHA, AWWA and WPCF. The surface water quality is compared with CPCB water quality criteria mentioned in Table below Based on above analysis, the quality of Surface water samples collected from Yamuna river can be classified as Class “E” of CPCB standards which is categorized as ‘Irrigation, Industrial Cooling, Controlled Waste disposal
Table 3-14 : Water Quality Criteria as Per Central Pollution Control Board
Table 3-15 : Groundwater analysis
S. No. Parameters Unit Limit (as per Sahdarpur Dilshad Project Site IS:10500:2012) (GW1) Garden (GW3) Desirable Permissibl (Pocket-F) Limit e Limit (GW2) 1. Colour Hazen 5 15 <5 <5 <5 2. Odour - Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable 3. Turbidity NTU 1 5 <1 <1 <1 4. pH - 6.5-8.5 No 7.69 7.82 7.73 Relaxation
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5. Total Hardness (as mg/l 200 600 415 526 462 CaCO3) 6. Iron (as Fe) mg/l 0.3 No 0.11 0.16 0.12 Relaxation 7. Chlorides (as Cl) mg/l 250 1000 286 396 324 8. Fluoride (as F ) mg/l 1 1.5 0.9 0.8 0.8 9. TDS mg/l 500 2000 1315 1561 1354 10. Calcium(as Ca2+) mg/l 75 200 92 132 104 11. Magnesium (as mg/l 30 100 44.4 47 48.5 Mg2+) 12. Copper (as Cu) mg/l 0.05 1.5 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 13. Manganese(as Mn) mg/l 0.1 0.3 0.06 0.09 0.08 14. Sulphate (as SO4) mg/l 200 400 113 186 142 15. Nitrate(as NO3) mg/l 45 NR 22 32 28 16. Phenolic mg/l 0.001 0.002 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 Compounds (as C6H5OH) 17. Mercury (as Hg) mg/l 0.001 NR <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 18. Cadmium (as Cd) mg/l 0.003 NR <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 19. Selenium ( as Se ) mg/l 0.01 NR <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 20. Arsenic (as As) mg/l 0.01 0.05 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 21. Cyanide (as CN ) mg/l 0.05 NR <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 22. Lead (as Pb) mg/l 0.01 NR <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 23. Zinc (as Zn) mg/l 5 15 0.15 0.15 0.15 24. Anionic Detergent mg/l 0.2 1.0 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 (as MBAS) 25. Chromium (as mg/l 0.05 NR <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 Cr6+) 26. Mineral oil mg/l 05 NR <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 27. Alkalinity (as mg/l 200 600 142 144 142 CaCO3) 28. Aluminum (as Al) mg/l 0.03 0.2 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 29. Boron (as B) mg/l 0.5 1.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 Microbiological Parameters 30. Total Coliform mg/l Shall not be detected Not detected
31. E.coli mg/l Shall not be detected Absent Ground Water quality Ground Water results are inferred below: Levels of Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) vary from 1315-1561mg/lt which is higher to desirable limit of 500 mg/l. The Alkalinity of ground water was within the permissible limit of 600 mg/l; Total hardness levels (415-526 mg/l) exceeded the respective desirable limits at all ground water sampling locations;(at Site GW-3, 462 mg/l ) All the ground water samples were observed to be free of contamination of bacteriological and faecal contamination
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3.7. Soil quality The pre-project status with respect to soil characteristics (physical, chemical and bacteriological), land use pattern in the study area around the proposed project site forms the baseline status of land environment. A soil sampling program was carried out at representative four locations selected in the basis of type of land use (nearness to agricultural fields, drainage, source of pollution etc). The details of soil monitoring locations are given in table below.
Table 3-16 Details of Proposed Soil Sampling Locations
Station No. Location Distance and direction from Project area/study area Project area SQ1 Sahdarpur 1.02km, WNW Study area Village SQ2 Dilshad Garden 0.68 km, ESE Study area (Pocket-F) I SQ3 Project site 0, Centre Project site
The parameters to be monitored, frequency and methodology of sampling are as follows in table below
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Figure 3-13 : Soil quality monitoring locations Table 3-17: Details of Monitoring Program for Soil Quality
Particulars Details Frequency One grab sample from each station– once during the Study Period
Parameters Texture, % Moisture, % Sand, % Silt, % Clay, % Organic Matter, Bulk Density, pH, Electrical Conductivity, NKP, Sodium Absorption Ratio, B, Na, Pb, Fe, Zn and Water Holding Capacity Methodology Composite grab samples of the topsoil would be collected from 3 depths, and mixed to provide. A representative sample for analysis. They would be stored in PET containers and analyzed at the laboratory
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Soil sampling was done to establish the baseline characteristics so as to assess the anticipated impacts due to proposed project. Soil samples were collected using auger from a depth of 30 cm (sub surface) from the upper surface. Samples were homogenized before testing. The samples were packed in dependable, waterproof containers and analysed as per ASTM, USEPA, IS: 2720, M.L. Jackson (Soil Chemical Analysis). The sampled soil quality results are presented in below table and characteristics are described further. Table 3-18-Methods for Soil Analysis
S.N Parameters Method
1. pH (30 gms/ 75 ml) pH meter 2. Electrical conductivity, μmho/cm (1:5 with water) Conductivity meter 3. Texture Grain size analysis 4. Chlorides as Cl, % by mass Volhard’s method 5. Sulphates as SO4, % by mass Gravimetric method 6. Magnesium as MgO, % by mass AAS 7. Aluminium as Al2O3, % by mass AAS 8. Total Phosphorus as P2O5, % by mass Gravimetric method 9. Calcium as CaO, % by mass AAS 10. Sodium as Na2O, % by mass AAS 11. Potassium as K2O, % by mass AAS 12. Nitrogen Kjeldahl method 13. Sodium absorption ratio By calculation 14. Moisture, % by mass Oven dry 15. Total Hydrocarbon, mg/kg Solvent extraction Table 3-19 : Results of Soil quality Parameters unit SQ1 SQ2 SQ3 Sahdarpur Dilshad Garden Project site Village (Pocket-F) Texture - Sandy clay loam Sandy loam Sandy loam Sand % 58.9 61.6 67.4 Silt % 20.8 16.6 17.5 Clay % 20.3 21.8 15.1 pH (1:2) - 8.29 8.14 7.98 Electrical Conductivity (1:2) µmhos/cm 418 452 358 Cation exchange capacity meq/100 gm 14.9 16.9 13.6 Exchangeable Sodium mg/kg 143 168 152 Exchangeable Calcium mg/kg 2020 2220 1840 Exchangeable Magnesium mg/kg 456 564 396 Sodium Absorption Ratio - 0.74 0.82 0.83 Water Holding Capacity % 26.7 28.7 24.3 Porosity % 37.8 38.5 40.7 Organic Matter % 1.8 1.9 2.2
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Nitrogen as N kg/ha 254 268 310 Phosphorus(Olsen’s) as P kg/ha 8.6 10.8 13.9 Potassium as K kg/ha 137 152 187 The results of the soil quality analysis were compared with the standard soil classification provided by the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) and as given in Table below
Table 3-20: Standard Soil Classification Soil Parameters Classification pH Normal to Saline 6.0-8.5 Trending to become 8.5-9.0 alkaline Alkaline Above 9.0 Electrical conductivity Up to 1.00 – Normal (mmhos/cm) 1.01- 2.00 - Critical to germination 2.01-4.00 - Critical for growth of the sensitive crops Source: Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi
In qualitatively terms, soil texture refers to the feel of the soil material, whether coarse and gritty, or fine and smooth. In general, soil behavior can be inferred from the texture. At project site and within its 5 km radius, soil varies from sandy loam to sandy clay loam. The Sand percentage observed in the soil ranged from 58.9% to 67.4 %, silt 16.6 % to 20.8 % and clay 15.1 % to 21.8 %. Water holding capacity ranges from 24.3 to 28.7 % at all soil quality monitoring locations. Total nitrogen content present in the soil available in the region ranges between 254-310 mg/ha and phosphorus content was observed 12.8-16.8mg/ha to all the locations monitored. This indicates that soil in the study area having low levels of Phosphorus and Nitrogen. Soil in the study area contains very low quantity of Micronutrient such as Copper and Zinc and Manganese.. Land parcels can be classified according to its possible use for irrigation based on soils. As the soils present in study area predominantly is sandy loam, land can be classified as class 1 i.e., the highest level of irrigation suitability and thus the highest payment capacity.
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SQ1 SQ2 SQ3
Figure 3-14- Soil Texture of study area 3.8. Biological Environment Natural ecosystem is a complete community of living organisms and non-living constituents in a given area and their interactions. An ecosystem has self-sustaining ability and controls the number of organisms at any level by cybernetic rules. The basic purpose to explore the biological environment
Under Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is to assess the potential ecological impacts of the proposed project upon ecology and develop adequate mitigation measures to keep ecological impacts within acceptable limits. An ecological survey of the study area was conducted, particularly with reference to listing of species and assessment of the existing baseline ecological conditions in the study area. The main objective of the ecological survey is aimed at assessing the existing flora and fauna components in the study area. Data has been collected through extensive survey of the area with reference to flora and fauna. With the change in environmental conditions, the vegetation cover as well as animals reflects several changes in its structure, density and composition. The present study was carried out separately for floral and faunal community of core and buffer zone respectively. Need to Study The present study was undertaken with the following objectives: To assess the nature and distribution of vegetation in and around the project site (within 10 km. radii)
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To assess the animal life spectra (within 10 km radii) To achieve the above objectives a study area was undertaken. The different methods adopted were as follows: Compilation of secondary data with respect to the study area from published literature and various government agencies; Generation of primary data by undertaking systematic ecological studies in the area. 3.8.1. Selection of Sampling Location for the study of Flora and Fauna Core Zone (10 Collection site): Core zone is the area where project is to be constructed.as the site area is 33.52 Hectare so it is considered as core zone. All the flora and fauna of core zone has been recorded during the survey. Buffer Zone (20 Data Collection Areas): The zone falling within 10 Km radius around the project area. 3.8.1. Methodology for Study of Flora For Primary Data Collection Five sites were identified within the project site to ensure that the different ecosystem and land-use types in the area are suitably represented. At each site, floristic diversity was studied through quantitative sampling. A quadrate of approximately 20 m x 20 m was used to record species of flora species. Owing to the relatively short duration of the survey, the focus of the floristic observations was limited to the higher flora. At each site, faunal diversity was studied through direct evidence, in the form of visual sightings or calls, and indirect evidence, such as nests, burrows, droppings, scats, moults, tracks, etc. Owing to the survey being conducted during the daytime only, the focus of the faunal observations remained limited to the diurnally active faunal species, mainly birds. Different species were observed at different timing during the day Bird: Birds were watched during dawn. Nocturnal and Burrowing animals: After Sunset. Animals: Morning & Evening Collection of Secondary Data Secondary data is collected i.e., Compartment History prepared by the Forest Department, Working Plan of the Area other relevant records such as plantation journals and records of wildlife / forest offence cases. Cropping Pattern: The main crops grown in Delhi are Wheat, Paddy, Jawar and Bajra but in terms of productivity, wheat is the predominant crop in Delhi followed by Paddy, Jawar and Bajra. Beside these crops fruits and vegetables are also cultivated. 3.8.1. Flora of the Study Area Forest Type According to the Champion and Seth Classification of Indian Forests, the natural vegetation of the survey area represents the following forest-type:
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Type 6B/C1 (Group 6 – Tropical Thorn Forests, Sub-group B – Northern Tropical Thorn Forests, Subtype C1 – Desert Thorn Forest) The main type, 6B, is found over the major portion of the semi-arid to arid regions of Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan and northern Gujarat. They mostly occur on flat alluvial or aeolian soils, but tend to extend into surrounding low and hilly country.
The natural vegetation is dominated by Acacias and allied species, the trees varying from 4.5 to 10 m in height and tending to be collected in clumps, leaving bare ground in between. The woody vegetation is of all sizes, from the trees down to the dwarf shrubs, with no differentiation into stories. The perennial grasses also grow in clumps and tussocks. There is a thin growth of annual grasses after the rains. Besides the Acacias, thorny Mimosaceae species occur frequently in these forests, of which Prosopis cineraria is the most common. Among shrubs, Capparis species and Asclepiads are usually present. The most characteristic grasses are Lasiurus hirsutus and Panicum turgidum on Aeolian soils, Sporobolus marginatus on saline soils and Cenchrus sp. throughout the tract. The sub-type, C1, occurs where the country is flat to undulating and the soils are largely fluvial or Aeolian deposits in various stages of consolidation. The forest is extremely open, with a few scattered plants here and there. Consociations of Acacia senegal and Prosopis cinerarea are relatively prominent. Species associated with this forest type include: Trees like Acacia leucophloea, Acacia nilotica, Acacia senegal, Azadirachta indica, Balanites aegyptiaca, Cordia dichotoma, Dichrostachys cinerea, Flacourtia indica, Holoptelea integrifolia, Prosopis cineraria, Salvadora oleoides, Tecomella undulata, Vitex negundo and Ziziphus sp.; Shrubs like Alhagi camelorum, Calotropis procera, Capparis decidua, Capparis sepiaria, Clerodendrum phlomoides, Commiphora mukul, Grewia spp., Justicia adhatoda, Securinega leucopyrus, Tephrosia purpurea and Ziziphus nummularia; Herbs like Achyranthes aspera, Cassia sp., Echinops echinatus, Indigofera sp., Ocimum canum, Peristrophe paniculata, Sida sp., Solanum surattense and Xanthium indicum Climbers like Asclepiad climbers, Cocculus hirsutus and Tinospora cordifolia; and Grasses like Aristida sp., Cenchrus barbatus, Cynodon dactylon, Eragrostis sp. and Themeda quadrivalvis 3.8.2. Quantification of Flora Description of Core Zone with flora Details:
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Total area covered under core zone is site area i.e. 33.52 Hectare. List of woody and non woody plantation recorded during survey study is as follow Table 3-21 Flora in Core area S. Scientific Name Vernacular Name Girth Height Spread Frequency No. (mtrs) (mtrs) (mtrs) (%) 1 Kigelia africana balam khira 1.85 20 18 0.47 2 Phyllanthus amarus Bhui amla 0.55 8 5 0.44 3 Aegle marmelos Bael 0.4 4 2 1.88 4 Alastonia Scholaris Saptaparni 2.6 20 15 11.32 5 Albizia lebbeck Siras 1.45 13 10 7.07 6 Arecaceae Palm 0.7 4 3 0.47 7 Artocarpus Kathal 0.8 8 10 0.47 heterophyllus 8 Azadirachta indica Neem 1.15 12 10 24.05 9 Boinjovina 1.5 7 2 0.47 10 Bombax ceiba Semar 2.5 25 20 41.98 11 Callistemon Bottle brush 1.2 10 8 10.37 12 Cascabela thevetia kaniar 0.3 5 3 0.47 13 Citrus limon Nimboo 0.32 3 2 0.44 14 Cordia myxa Lasora 0.8 12 7 2.35 15 crataeva nurvala Varuna 1.1 12 10 8.01 16 Dalbergia sissoo Shisham 2.15 18 12 16.03 17 Delonix regia Gulmohar 0.85 12 13 6.13 18 Ehretia laevis chamrod 0.3 6 3 13.67 19 Eucalyptus Safeda 2.2 13 8 2.83 20 Ficus benjamina Whipping fig 1.5 6 9 16.4 21 Ficus Pertusa banyan 1.1 12 10 5.18 22 Ficus racemosa Gular 1.95 20 20 10.37 23 Ficus religiosa Pipal 4.4 25 20 47.16 24 Ficus virens Pilkhan 2.2 7 9 7.07 25 Hevea brasiliensis Rabar 0.6 8 9 2.83 26 Holoptelea integrifolia Papri 0.55 6 4 4.24 27 Hyophorbe lagenicaulis Bottle palm 1.55 16 6 7.07 28 Madhuca longifolia mahua 0.6 6 5 1.88
29 Mangifera indica Mango 0.2 6 2 8.49 30 Melia azedarach Pride of India 1.45 18 13 6.60
31 Michelia champaca Champa 1.65 10 8 5.18
32 Morus nigra Shehtoot 0.7 6 3 31.13 33 Neolamarckia cadamba Kadam 6 10 7 1.88 34 Phoenix dactylifera Khajur 0.65 8 5 8.01 35 Pinus roxburghii Chir 1 14 7 3.30
36 Pithecellobium dulce Jungle Jalebi 1 10 8 1.88
37 Pongamia pinnata Sukha Tree 1.2 13 6 1.88
38 Populus Poplar 1.9 25 6 0.47
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39 Prosopis chilensis angaraji babul 0.4 5 5 0.47
(Source: Field visit by Ecology & Biodiversity Team)
Note:
Total number of trees present at the site is approximately 2800-3000.out of total, approx. 121 trees need to be fell in lieu of expansion. As the known fact that trees play an especially important role in enhancing our quality of life in the urban environment, they have ecological and environmental value. Keeping this in mind project proponent is planting saplings in the area given by DDA. For the extermination and compensatory plantation, PWD has obtained the approval from DDA. 3.8.3. Fauna of the Study Area Observed Avifaunal Profile
As per field visits and consultation with locals, a number of animals from different taxonomical categories are reported. Some of them are listed as Schedule I and II animals such as leopards, jungle cats, Indian jackal, Asian palm civets, Indian gray mongoose, common krait, brahmini blind, viper snake etc. Amongst birds, a number of migratory birds and scheduled bird as peacock are reported from the study area. animals observed and reported from the site include India palm squirrel, monkeys, crows, parrots, pigeons, myna, bulbul etc. and other animals adapted to human habitats such as cows, dogs, cats etc. No identified roosting, breeding areas or any migration routes for wildlife are reported within the project site
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Table 3-22- Fauna of the Study area
3.9. Socio-Economic Study This section presents the baseline status of the socio-economic aspects in the Project area and details of the stakeholder consultation undertaken for the project.
7.3.1. Approach & Methodology The project area is spread across Dilshad Garden in the National Capital Territory (NCT) of Delhi. Four known areas namely, Shahdra, vivek Vihar, Ram Nagar, Taharpur village are within the 1 km radius of the project site.
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A structured questionnaire was prepared to undertake the focus group discussions of stakeholders to understand the concerns, issues and interest that they might have on the project. A site visit to the project area was undertaken on 4th November 2018. The approach that was adopted to conduct the Social Impact Assessment study has been based on the following elements: A detailed review and assessment of secondary information for the project area was undertaken. Review of documents was done to attain a comprehensive understanding of the area in relation to its socio-economic characteristics. The following documents were assessed to supplement the desk based research, · Primary Census Abstract (PCA), 2001; · Primary Census Abstract (PCA), 2011; · Village Directory Abstract (VDA), 2001; · Brief Industrial Profile of NCT of Delhi, 2012-13; and · Published reports, papers and articles available in the public domain Primary data on the socio-economic status was collected from the local communities residing in the vicinity of the project area. Besides, a site visit to the project area, the area was also assessed to determine if any encroachers were present on the land. Interviews were accordingly conducted as per requirement to assess if the land area is free of any encumbrances. According to census site falls North East Delhi, the district had population of 2,241,624 of which male and female were 1,188,425 and 1,053,199 respectively. In 2001 census, North East Delhi had a population of 1,768,061 of which males were 956,078 and remaining 811,983 were females. The Sex Ratio of North East District is 886. Thus for every 1000 men there were 886 females in North East District. Also as per Census 2011, the Child Sex Ration was 898 which is greater than Average Sex Ratio (877) of North East District. As per Census 2011, there are total 137,677 families under North East District living in urban areas while 137,677 families are living within rural areas. Thus around 100% of total population of North East District lives in urban areas while 0% lives under rural areas. Population of children (0 - 6 years) in urban region is 66,230 while that in rural region is 0. In North East District out of total population, 232,196 were engaged in work activities. 93.9% of workers describe their work as Main Work (Employment or Earning more than 6 Months) while 6.1% were involved in Marginal activity providing livelihood for less than 6 months. Of 232,196 workers engaged in Main Work, 477 were cultivators (owner or co-owner) while 1,056 were Agricultural labourer.
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Chapter-4. Impact Analysis and Mitigation Measures This chapter discusses various environmental and social impacts that have been identified, predicted and quantified during the course of this study. These include positive and negative, direct and indirect, local and regional and also reversible and irreversible impacts due to project construction and operation. The impact assessment forms the basis for development of Environmental Management Plan. The potential impacts during construction phase and operation phase of the project have been identified and discussed, along with the suggested mitigation measures in following sections,
4.1. Impact Appraisal Criteria The criterion which has been employed to appraise impacts on various social and environmental components is as presented as Table 4-1 below
Table 4-1 Impact appraisal criteria Criteria Sub - Defining limit Remarks Classificatio n Insignificant/l Impact is restricted except for ecology ocal spread within the foot prints (which is defined as of the Project limited loss of vegetation boundary only at site) Medium Impact is spread up except for ecology Spread: refers to spread to 3 km from the (which is defined as loss area of direct boundary of the of vegetation at site influence from the Project including large trees with impact of a limited disturbance to particular project adjoining flora & fauna) activity. High spread Impact is spread up except for ecology beyond3 km from (which is defined as footprint boundary loss of vegetation at site of the Project and/or damage to adjoining flora and fauna Duration: based on Insignificant / Impact is likely to be the anticipated recovery duration of impact Short restricted for duration of the affected and the time taken Duration of less environmental by an environmental than 2 years;
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component to component within 2 recover back to its years best possible pre- Medium When impact With an anticipated project state Duration extends up to five recovery of the affected years environmental component within 6years Long duration when impact extends With anticipated recovery beyond five years; of prevailing condition to happen within 6 years or beyond or upon completion of the project life. Intensity: defines the Insignificant when resulting in However, it shall be magnitude of Impact intensity changes in the reconsidered where the environmental baseline values are baseline conditions already high. is up to 10% Low intensity when resulting in for ecology it refers to changes in the minimal changes in the baseline conditions existing ecology in terms up to20% of their reproductive capacity, survival or habitat change Moderate when resulting in for ecology, it refers to intensity changes in the changes that are baseline conditions expected to be for up to 30% recoverable High intensity when change While for ecology, high resulting in the intensity refers to baseline conditions changes that result in beyond serious destruction to 30% species, productivity or their habitat.
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Nature: refers to Beneficial Useful to Environment whether the effect is and Community considered beneficial Adverse Harmful to Environment or adverse and Community
A significance assessment matrix was developed to assess the impact based on the appraisal criteria developed above which is as given in Table 4-2.
Table 4-2 Impact significance criteria Spread Duration Intensity Overall significance
Adverse Beneficial
Local Short Low Insignificant Insignificant
Local Short Moderate Minor Minor
Local Medium Low
Local Medium Moderate
Medium Short Low Moderate Moderate
Local Long Low
Local Short High
Local Medium High
Local Long Moderate
Medium Short Moderate
Medium Medium Low
Medium Medium Moderate
Medium Long Low
Medium Long Moderate
High Short Low
High Short Moderate
High Medium Low
High Medium Moderate
High Long Low
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Local Long High Major Major
Medium Short High
Medium Long High
High Short High
High Medium High
High Long Moderate
High Low Low
High Low High
The reversible and irreversible nature of impacts will also be considered. Any minor or moderate impact of irreversible nature will be considered as a moderate and major impact. The impacts for the proposed project are covered under the following subsections: Construction Phase Operation Phase MAIN ACTIVITIES ENVIRONMENT AND SOCIAL COMPONENTS
lity
Soil Soil
noise
Water Water
OHAS
Social
qua quality
pattern
ansport
Ecology
Ambient Ambient
Traffic/tr
resource resource
aesthetic
Land use
air qualityair CONSTRUCTION PHASE Construction activity Site Clearance √ √ √ √ √ Excavation √ √ √ Transportation & Unloading of √ √ √ construction material Storage and Handling of √ √ construction material et. Preparation/Mixing of √ √ √ √ √ construction material Operation of construction √ √ √ √ machinery Construction and √ √ Erection of buildings Operation of DG sets √ √ Handling and Disposal of √ √ √ √ construction wastes Requirement of utilities such as water, power, √ √ √ √ √ sanitation facilities Labour engagement Employment of workers
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Water requirement √ Power requirement √ √ Waste handling and √ √ disposal Sewage disposal √ √ OPERATIONAL PHASE Employment of labours √ √ and staffs Water requirement √ Power requirement √ √ Waste handling and √ √ √ disposal Sewer Generation √ Operation of DG sets for √ √ power backup Vehicle Movement within √ √ √ √ the site
4.2. Impact during Construction Phase The activities that take place during construction phases of the project are site clearance, operation of machineries, transportation and unloading of materials, demolition of existing structures, construction and erection of buildings. During construction phase, the potential primary and secondary impacts on the environment, their significance and mitigation are discussed in the following sub-sections. It is likely that the following parameters will be impacted:
· Land Environment · Air Quality · Ambient Noise Quality · Water Resources and Quality · Biological Environment · Soil · Traffic &Transport · Solid Waste · Livelihood · Socio-Economic Environment · Occupational Health and Safety
4.2.1. Impact on Land Environment Some of the anticipated impacts on the land environment due to the project are:
Change in Land use and Aesthetics: The proposed project is to be developed in an area of 33.52 hecatre. The site was and has been designated for residential use as per the Delhi Master Plan
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2021. The project will involve construction of roads and other infrastructures, green areas, open spaces, commercial spaces etc. With these upcoming structures, it is expected that the land use pattern of the area will be enhanced without compromising on the socio-economic status of the local people. The site is located in an urban landscape. The development of the project will lead to a positive change in aesthetics and visual appeal of the region. Change in Topography: The site comprises of flat land with gentle slope towards south east. The construction activities such as excavation works for foundations of various project-components, development of drains and erection of the associated structures & buildings will slightly change the topography of the area. However as the land is relatively flat, hence no major change is envisaged. Mitigation Measures Cutting and filling operations will be limited, only as and when necessary. During excavation works, the topsoil will be preserved in stockpiles. At such locations, the depth of borrow pits shall not exceed 45 cm and it may be dug out to a depth of not more than 30 cm after stripping the 15 cm top soil aside The movement and parking of heavy machinery and other vehicles will be restricted to identified routes; thereby limiting the possibility of compaction. The project will ensure that the existing elements of the natural environment (ponds, trees etc.) are integrated in the urban design. Natural features will be maintained, preserved and further developed. An attempt should be made to preserve, establish and promote a vegetative cover, appropriate to the site prior to the onset of intense rain or windstorms. Good housekeeping at labour resting areas and the construction area will ensure the aesthetics of the area. All debris and excavation material will be stored securely and removed within a stipulated period. Proper routing and adequate capacity of the storm water run-offs drains/garland drains with catch pits will be provided at the construction areas to collect the construction waste water/runoff. Significance of Impact The overall impact is assessed to be moderate, however with the implementation of mitigation measures the impact can be contained with minor residual impacts Table 4-3 Impact significance -Land Environment ASPECT SCENARIO SPREAD DURATION INTENSITY OVERALL
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Without Moderate Medium Moderate Moderate Mitigation Land Environment With Local Medium Low Minor Mitigation
4.2.2. Impact on Ambient Air Quality
During the construction phase, the major pollutant of concern will be particulate matter (PM10 and
PM 2.5).The dust emissions will vary substantially from day to day based on the level of activity, the specific operations and the prevalent meteorological conditions. The construction activities will involve:
• PM emissions from excavation activities;
• NOx, SO2 and CO emissions due to operation of construction equipment’s, machinery and vehicular movement.
• PM, NOx, SO2 and CO emissions from operation of Diesel generator set. The excavation activities for the Project shall be carried out in phases. Power shall be sourced from the grid during the construction activities; 250 KVA x 6 Nos, of capacity will be used for power back- up. Anticipated Impact Dust generated by various construction site activities can make a significant contribution to local air pollution. High levels of dust, combined with other outdoor air pollutants, can cause respiratory problems. Dust also reduces visibility, dirties clothing and buildings, and increases the rate of corrosion. The construction activities and machine operation during the construction phase shall lead to temporary impact on vicinity, as the current ambient air quality parameters have high values then permissible limits however good site practices are the major mitigation measures for prevention or minimization of air pollution from construction activities. Mitigation Measures Dust Control Measures • The humus rich top soil shall be removed and stored in an appropriate manner prior to excavation so that the original soil-profile can be restored while relocating it. • Wet suppression shall be applied to at least 80 percent of disturbed surface areas on a daily basis especially during dry and windy days. • Downwash of trucks (especially tyres) shall be done prior to departure from site to reduce the mud and dirt carryout. • The vehicle speeds on unpaved roads shall be restricted 25 kmph.
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Limited vehicular movement shall be permitted on disturbed soils • Contractors shall be required to maintain valid PUC – Pollution under Control certificates and to maintain proper maintenance records for their fleet. • During material handling, the materials should be dropped from a low height in order to reduce any fugitive dust emissions. • All areas for storing C&D wastes / construction material shall be demarcated and preferably barricaded particularly those materials that have potential to be dust borne. • Dry sweeping of work areas shall be prohibited • Haul trucks should be covered with suitable covering material like tarpaulin sheets to prevent fugitive emissions during transportation of construction materials. Fuel Emissions Control • DG sets will be used as a backup source only; • DG sets will be regularly maintained to comply with emission norms; • The stack height for DG sets shall be provided as per the CPCB norms; Significance of Impact The overall impact is assessed to be moderate, however with the implementation of mitigation measures the impact can be contained with minor residual impacts.
Table 4-4 Impact significance- Ambient Air Quality ASPECT SCENARIO SPREAD DURATION INTENSITY OVERALL
Without Mitigation Moderate Medium Moderate Moderate
Ambient Air Quality With Mitigation Local Medium Low Minor
4.2.3. Impact on Ambient Noise Quality Sources of Noise Pollution during Construction Phase During the construction phase of the site, the sources of noise pollution are expected mainly from: Construction equipment and machinery engaged for construction activities (such as excavation, grading, erecting equipment, piling, etc) such as air compressors, backhoe, concrete mixer, concrete mixer, cranes, dump-truck, pile driver, and radial arm saw, DG set etc. The operation of heavy equipment is likely to temporarily increase the ambient noise levels of the area. An increase of 1 to 3 dB (A) noise levels of is expected in the adjoining area during day time during peak construction activities.
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Anticipated Impact Noise generated can cause disturbance to the local population and can even lead to sleep disorder. Workers working close to high noise area can be exposed to occupational hazards of noise depending on the duration of exposure. Mitigation Measures The project will ensure that the EPC contractors should implement the following: The construction areas shall be provided with sheet barriers or temporary walls along the boundary close to any habitations; Rubber padding shall be provided in the construction machinery for vibration control; No noise generating activity shall be permitted from 22:00P.M-6:00 AM. The EPC contractors will adopt measures such as regular maintenance of its vehicles and repair of its equipment/ machinery. Construction workers working near high noise generation shall be provided with ear plugs/ ear muffs to limit exposure to occupational hazards. Significance of Impact The overall impact on the noise quality is assessed to be moderate. It is assessed that with implementation ofsuggested mitigation measures the overall impact can be maintained as minor. ASPECT SCENARIO SPREAD DURATION INTENSITY OVERALL
Without Mitigation Moderate Medium Moderate Moderate Ambient
Noise With Mitigation Local Medium Moderate Minor Quality
4.2.4. Impact on Water Resource and Quality The potential impact on water resources and quality from the construction phase of the project arises from the following:
Water usage The water requirement for the construction phase will include water for construction activities such as dust suppression, curing and formation of concrete mixtures and water for domestic consumption. The water required for both domestic purpose and construction activities will be sourced from DJB through water tankers while drinking water for the labourers will be supplied through packaged drinking water cans.
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Sediment run off from construction area Waste water generated from the site during the construction contains suspended materials, spillage and washings from the areas that may percolate in the ground or get mixed with the sewage water. The construction activities will result in disturbance of topsoil rendering it vulnerable to erosion and runoff. The potential impact on water quality can be due to the runoffs from the site which can lead to contamination of adjoining land and ground water. Unplanned disposal of sewage from construction camps
It is expected that during construction phase there will be generation of sewage from portable toilets. About20 m3/day of sewage is expected to be generated due to working of 550 labours at the construction campsite. Improper disposal of sewage can also lead to contamination of nearby water sources. Mitigation Measures Following mitigation measures are suggested: Water Consumption Awareness on optimal water consumption shall be provided to the labourers. Concrete structures shall be sprayed with water to allow curing and reduce flowing away of water. After curing, the concrete structures shall be painted with curing chemical to reduce further dependence of water for curing. Effluent/Sewage Disposal To minimise adverse impacts due to the discharge of untreated sewage outside the project site, adequate number of portable toilets, soak pits shall be provided onsite for disposal of sewage as per the design aspects of Bureau of Indian Standards The workers shall be strictly instructed and informed to avoid random disposal of wastewater. Construction Wastewater Management Avoid excavation during monsoon season; To prevent the runoff from stockpiles generated during excavation, garland drains shall be constructed; Segregation and pre-treatment of oil and grease containing effluents from machinery (e.g. use of a grease trap)shall be undertaken prior to discharge into sewer systems; Silt fencing shall be provided to protect the water quality in the nearby water bodies from sediments. Significance of Impact The overall impact on the water resources is assessed to be moderate, however with the implementation of mitigation measures the impact can be maintained as minor.
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Table 4-5 Impact significance Water resources ASPECT SCENARIO SPREAD DURATION INTENSITY OVERALL
Without Mitigation Moderate Medium Moderate Moderate Water resource With Mitigation Local Low Moderate Minor and Quality
4.2.5. Impact on Ecology The site area is a flat land with tree cover and vegetation along with residential areas at/ around the site. The survey-area (extending up to 10 km from the boundary of the project site) consists of open forest, with much of the land converted into non forest area and occupied by habitations. In core zone, around 3084 trees have been found. Some of the anticipated impacts on the ecological environment due to the project during construction phase are: Species identified in the survey area will be temporarily affected and may be migrated to nearby areas. However, the degree of impact will be low as the disturbance is going to confine to the construction period only the project construction activities will necessarily comprise of removal of vegetation and tree cover. Translocation of 121 trees on the site will involve temporary removal of local floral species found on the site. Air, noise and visual disturbance generated during the site development can affect the behavior of fauna (especially bird, butterflies and other insects, reptiles and very small mammalian species) within and also the nearest adjacent habitats. Mitigation Measures The following mitigation measures need to be put in place address the potential impacts on ecology due to construction activities:
The plantation should undertake to mitigate natural vegetation loss and all new plantation undertaken in the project area will involve only native species. Every care will be taken to prevent the introduction of any alien species into the project area. The construction contractors shall be instructed to avoid removal of any natural vegetation to the maximum extent possible; Tree cutting will be done systematically, depending on the area of construction. A pile of brash and logs in the area shall be kept to develop alternate habitat in the area. No hunting activity shall be permitted within and around the project area and strict guidelines will be given to contractors to ensure that such activities are not practiced;
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In case of any wildlife being spotted within the project site, trained personnel from the Forest Department and Wildlife Warden’s office and approved experts shall be intimated for rescue of the wildlife; The project activities shall ensure measures as suggested for ambient air quality and traffic and transport of material so as to minimize impacts on the ecology of the site and its surroundings; Levels of noise shall be maintained at a minimum during construction activities. Cutting or lopping of trees shall be avoided. Mature trees and standing trees should not be cut to the extent possible. The construction contractors will be instructed to provide fuel for any heating requirements at site and not to use firewood from adjoining areas. Significance of Impact The overall impact on the ecology is assessed to be moderate. It is assessed that with implementation of suggested mitigation measures the overall impact on ecology can be maintained as minor.
Table 4-6 Impact significance-Ecology ASPECT SCENARIO SPREAD DURATION INTENSITY OVERALL
Without Mitigation Regional Medium Moderate Moderate
Ecology With Mitigation Local Medium Moderate Minor
4.2.6. Impact on soil quality The project site has dominant soil texture of sandy clay loam.during the construction phase, demolition of existing buildings and creation of new blocks shall be done, for their construction heavy machinery shall be used During the construction phase total excavated soil qty is approx. 1,422,646 cum, the excavation of foundations and basements shall be done. So the anticipated impact on soil quality shall be as follow
Anticipated Impact Installation of heavy construction machinery causing soil compaction: Movement of heavy vehicles and machinery on unpaved surface can result in compaction of soil which can increase the run off potential thereby decreasing the possibility for recharge. The compaction of soils in the areas meant for temporary uses can render the area less fertile.
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Soil Contamination: Potential contamination of soil may occur due to accidental spills of lubricating oil, fuel oil, paint, thinner during their handling and storage Soil Erosion: Erosion of the top soil may result from exposure of loose soil surfaces to rain and wind during site clearing, earth moving, and excavation activities. The loss of top soil may result in lack of good soil for landscaping and greenbelt development in the later stages Waste Management: The construction phase will involve generation of construction waste/ debris, waste oil and chemicals from construction machinery and domestic solid waste from campsite etc. The construction phase will involve generation of construction and demolition waste/ debris, waste oil and chemicals from construction machinery and domestic solid waste from campsite etc. There is potential for spread of construction waste to areas outside the construction site and contaminate wells, soil etc. if adequate management measures are not put in place. Table 4-8 lists various C&D waste generated during construction phase. Table 4-7 Quantification of different construction waste generated S.No. Constituents Quantity of Waste generated (tones/annum) 1. Soil, sand and gravel 4.2-5.14 2. Bricks and Masonry 3.6-4.4 3. Concrete 2.4-3.67 4. Metals 0.6-0.73 5. Bitumen 0.25-0.30 6. Wood 0.25-0.30 7. Others 0.1-0.15 http://www.tifac.org.in/offer/tlbo/rep/TMS150.htm
S.No. Constituents Built up area to be demolished 1. Concrete, RCC, brick work, flooring, and Approximately 1, 22,000 Sq. Mtr of area will water supply pipes, sanitary installation, be razed. Which includes existing quarters rainwater pipes with fittings and fixtures. plumbing lines, toilets, sub stations etc.
Mitigation measures Soil Management Topsoil (upper 30 cm) shall be removed prior to commencement of bulk earthwork and reused later for landscaping purpose .This is done to ensure that the good quality top soil is not lost; Minimum clearance of trees shall be carried out and the vegetative cover shall be redeveloped wherever possible; The excavated soil material shall be stacked in earmarked areas only;
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Excavated soil shall be used/transported at the earliest for filling low lying areas at the site; It will be the responsibility of the Contractor to get the permission for yard for dumping the surplus excavated earth from local authority Soil Erosion Control Measures Major activities pertaining to site grading and excavation for foundation and backfilling shall be avoided during monsoons and shall be planned for dry season. Retention wall or bund shall be provided around the storage areas for excavated soil and other construction material to check the flow of sediments with storm water in case of rain; Completed earthworks shall be re-vegetated as soon as possible Soil Compaction Movement of heavy machinery in the site area shall be restricted to minimize the possibility of compaction; Prevention of Contamination by Waste Management Construction and Demolish Waste Excavated materials shall be used for backfilling material in other locations simultaneously; Construction wastes from site such as metal cuttings debris, plastic packing material, wooden logs etc will be segregated and kept in specially identified waste bins. The recyclable items like metal and plastic shall be stored separately and sent to recyclable industry Potentially hazardous waste shall be segregated from non-hazardous construction site debris. The contractor shall educate the workers and subcontractors about hazardous waste storage and disposal procedures; C& D Management rules 2016 shall be followed strictly. The EPC contractor shall be responsible for the collection, segregation and transportation of the left over C&D waste to the Recycling plant. Significance of Impact The overall impact on the soil resources is assessed to be moderate. It is assessed that with implementation of suggested mitigation measures the overall impact on soil resource can be maintained as minor
Table 4-8 Impact significance-Soil Resource ASPECT SCENARIO SPREAD DURATION INTENSITY OVERALL
Without Mitigation Regional Medium Moderate Moderate
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Soil With Mitigation Local Medium Moderate Minor Resource
4.2.7. Impact on Traffic and Transport The construction phase will entail transportation of construction materials and movement of labour. It is expected that, adjacent road will be mainly used for this purpose, the other important roads that will be used for transportation are: The potential impact due increase in traffic and transportation during construction phase would be: Increased potential for traffic hazards on the adjacent roads of the area, due to the construction activities. The condition of roads may deteriorate during the construction phase due to frequent movement of heavy vehicles and equipment. Disruption of traffic is anticipated on connecting roads due to unplanned entry to the site, parking of trucks, breakdowns, etc. Mitigation measures The movement of traffic entering the site shall be properly managed so as to cause minimum problems to local users on this road; The EPC contractors will undertake consultation with local Police prior to movement of the construction traffic particularly for the movement of heavy machinery; The construction vehicles shall be allowed to move in the site only through exclusive entry and exit points; Adequate training shall be given to the drivers of construction vehicles for speed restrictions; and Roads damaged due to project vehicle shall be repaired and maintained at regular intervals during the construction period. Transportation movement shall be done during non-peak hours. Significance of Impact The overall impact on the traffic and transportation is assessed to be moderate to high. It is assessed that with implementation of suggested mitigation measures the overall impact can be maintained as moderate Table 4-9 Impact significance- Traffic and Transportation ASPECT SCENARIO SPREAD DURATION INTENSITY OVERALL
Without Mitigation Regional Long High Major
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Traffic and With Mitigation Local Long Moderate Moderate
Transport 4.2.8. Impact on Socio Economic Environment Proposed project shall be expansion of existing hospital project. The construction activities might bring about certain impacts which might affect the population in nearby areas. The impacts enlisted below are limited to construction phase only and can be mitigation by implementing proper measures, as mentioned in the later section.
The construction activities and big machineries which will be operated in the construction phase are bound to generate a higher decibel of noise which might disturb the local adjoining residential area for a very short duration. In addition, during the operation phase, the vehicular movement of buses and cars will also tend to create higher noise exposure in the surrounding villages. With the commencement of construction activities, accumulation of water in the dugout areas of the site might result in being breeding place for mosquito breeding and spread of vector borne diseases. Once the construction activities commences, problem of traffic congestion in the area might arise because of movement of heavy vehicles, to and fro from the site. Mitigation measures The following mitigation measures can be implemented to counter the probable impacts that might emerge: Locals from nearby areas will be engaged in all construction activities and during the operation phases, as per their skill set, to supplement their income. Once the construction activities commences, care should be taken that drivers will valid licenses should only operate vehicles hauling the big machineries. A speed limit should be determined and followed for all vehicles passing that particular route. The operations of big machines will be restricted to day time only No noise generating activity will be permitted from 22:00P.M-6:00AM ;To minimize adverse impacts due to the discharge of untreated sewage outside the project site, adequate number of portable toilets, soak pits shall be provided onsite for disposal of sewage. The project will ensure that the existing elements of the natural environment (ponds, trees etc.) are integrated in the urban design. Natural features will be maintained, preserved and further developed. Preference of giving the locals from the area an opportunity of being hired in various jobs that might emerge during the course of the project activities should be made available.
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4.2.9. Impact on Occupational Health & Safety The workers engaged in construction activities will be exposed to occupational health and safety hazards and risks. Falls from elevation associated with working with ladders, scaffolding, and partially built or demolished structures are among the most common cause of fatal injury at construction sites. Construction activities may also pose significant hazards related to the potential fall of materials or tools, as well as ejection of solid particles from abrasive or other types of power tools which can result in injury to the head, eyes, and extremities. The workers will also be exposed to temporary hazards such as physical contact, spills, dust, emissions, and noise due to vehicular movement and use of lifting equipment in the movement of machinery. The key health and safety concerns associated with construction activities are: Injury due improper handling, operation and execution Occupational hazards like high noise, electric shocks etc. Trip and fall, inadequate fall safe arrangements Diseases from unhygienic surrounding Exposure to hazardous substances etc.
Mitigation measures The contractor will ensure that The construction staff and contractors involved in the construction activities shall be trained on the necessary precaution and safety practices prior to commencement of construction activity The necessary safety measures shall be taken up before and during the construction activities for all electrical driven machinery A work permit system shall be implemented for all works related to working at heights (typically when working over 2m and above) .All works related to working at heights shall be undertaken only during the daytime when sufficient sunlight is available; Workers shall be provided with required PPEs to be used at site; All excavation activities shall be conducted in supervision of the site contractor; Proper signage shall be provided in places of excavated areas; Storage of explosives and blasting activities (if required) shall be undertaken as per the requirements of PESO and established good practices. The switchyard building and transformer areas shall be provided with adequate fire extinguishers and sand buckets at all strategic locations to deal with any incident of fire;
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Significance of Impact Table 4-10 Impact significance-Occupational Health & Safety ASPECT SCENARIO SPREAD DURATION INTENSITY OVERALL
Without Regional Medium Moderate Moderate Occupational Mitigation health and With Local Medium Moderate Minor safety Mitigation 4.3. Impact during Operation Phase During operation phase, the potential primary and secondary impacts on the environment, their significance and mitigation are discussed in the following sub-sections. It is likely that the following parameters will be impacted: Land Environment Air Quality Ambient Noise Quality Water Resources and Quality Ecology Solid Waste Management Traffic &Transport Socio-Economic Environment 4.3.1 Impact on Land Environment Some of the anticipated impacts on the land environment due to the project are: Change in Runoff and Drainage pattern: With the development of the project, pervious vegetative area will be replaced by impervious and paved surfaces leading to lesser infiltration and thereby increased runoff. This can lead to more localized flooding. Potential Loss of Green spaces: Concreting of the huge land area would reduce the natural greenery of the area. However, the large landscaping planned and suggested in the Master plan for the project, would compensate for this loss. Mitigation measures Bios wales shall be developed on the green areas in order to reduce surface runoff and enhance infiltration and groundwater recharge. Bios wales are conveyance systems carrying storm water runoff that provide an alternative to storm sewers. They improve the water quality by infiltrating the first flush of storm water runoff and filtering the large storm flows;
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They consist of a shallow channel with gently sloped sides and filled with deep-rooted native plants. Bios wales utilize existing natural drainage for maintaining the flow of water they convey. Once established, they require less maintenance than turf grass because they need less water and no fertilizer.
Significance of Impact Table 4-11 Impact significance-Land Environment ASPECT SCENARIO SPREAD DURATION INTENSITY OVERALL
Without Regional Medium Moderate Moderate Land Mitigation Environment With Local Medium Moderate Minor Mitigation
4.3.2 Impact on Air Environment A site–specific baseline air quality monitoring program was conducted for the existing project site and the results are briefed in above section 3.4. Existing baseline condition reveals that
concentration of CO, NOx, SO2 are below the prescribed limits by NAAQS. However, 3 3 concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 exceed the limits by NAAQS of 100μg/m and 60μg/m respectively. High levels of concentration as evaluated from baseline monitoring are due to prevailing smog in the city which has been formed by burning of crop residue. The major impacts on ambient air could be vehicular emissions from increase in traffic volume and emission from power backup/ DG sets. It is proposed that power will be mainly supplied from the BSES; however scenarios of power failures are expected during operation phase of the project. Diesel generator sets have been proposed to provide the power back up for the proposed facility. All the above activities will generate emissions and may affect the local air quality.
Mitigation measures Power backup Supplies The DG sets shall be provided for power back up in case of any power failure. Following precautionary measures shall be taken care of: DG sets shall be located downwind of the residential areas; Stack heights for DG sets shall be maintained as per CPCB/ MoEFCC norms; Vehicular Emissions Vegetative barriers in the form of green belt shall be provided around the project complex which will minimize the built up of pollution level by acting as pollution sinks.
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Only CNG using public vehicles shall be allowed to ply on the site Significance of Impact The overall impact on ambient air quality is assessed to be moderate. It is assessed that with implementation of suggested mitigation measures the overall impact on ambient air quality can be maintained as minor Table 4-12 impact significance -ambient air quality ASPECT SCENARIO SPREAD DURATION INTENSITY OVERALL
Without Medium Medium Moderate Moderate Air Mitigation Environment With Local Medium Moderate Minor Mitigation
4.3.3 Impact on Noise Environment Noise level survey was carried out with respect to the proposed project in order to assess the background levels. The noise levels at 5locations within the radius of 5 km of the project area conform to the standards prescribed by CPCB for residential zones. The proposed development will involve activities that will generate noise. The major activities which can emit noise are as follows: Increase in traffic along the road due to the proposed site will increase the noise level at intersections and highways. Mitigation Measures DG sets shall be provided with acoustic enclosures; Trees with heavy foliage shall be planted as vegetative barriers to minimise the noise pollution Traffic analysis shall be done and better alternatives should be found.
Significance of Impact The overall impact on the noise levels in the area will be moderate with the commissioning of the operations and increase in traffic ; however with the implementation of suggested buffer areas, green barriers and attenuation measures the overall impact can be maintained as moderate to Minor.
Table 4-13 Impact Significance -Ambient Noise Quality ASPECT SCENARIO SPREAD DURATION INTENSITY OVERALL
Noise Without Local Long Moderate Moderate Environment Mitigation
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With Local Medium Low Minor Mitigation
4.3.4 Impact on Water Environment The project will use water from the allocated underground reservoirs of Delhi Jal Board to meet the requirement for residential development as per Delhi Master Plan 2021.No ground water usage will be made for any of the activities. The recycled water will be used for the non-potable water requirements of the site such as flushing and DG cooling. The use of treated wastewater to meet the water requirements for the project shall reduce the stress on the water resources in the region. The entire treated wastewater shall be reused and there will be no discharge of untreated sewage on land or in any surface water body. With the project proposing to implement the rainwater harvesting for the ground water recharge, conservation through awareness programs to bring about greater water efficiency, and reuse of treated wastewater on the proposed site during operation of the project for use in horticulture and other auxiliary purpose, the impact on water resources would be minimized.
Mitigation Measures Water Conservation The following measures are recommended to reduce the water usage: Water meters conforming to ISO standards shall be installed at the inlet point of water uptake and the discharge point to monitor the daily water consumption and identify leakages if any. In charge shall be responsible for carrying out systematic leak tests all year round; Appropriate flow restrictors shall be installed for economizing on water consumption. The flow restrictors shall be typically sized for following discharge:
Flushing 3/6LPF
Wash Basin 8.3LPM
Shower 9.5LPM
Kitchen Sink 9.5LPM
Urinal 2LPF
* LPF= liters/flush, LPM-Liters/min
Source: EIA manual for large construction projects, MoEF&CC
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Efficient Water saving devices/ fixtures shall be installed in kitchens and toilets to reduce the water consumption per flush. Dual flush systems can be installed to allow different quantities of water for flushing of solids and liquids. Dual plumbing shall be made installed to segregate the fresh water use with supply of recycled water for non-potable water requirements such as flushing, horticulture, etc. The location of harvesting structures should be such that it is not exposed to any hazard of water contamination from any other sources. Wastewater Management Water Conservation In charge shall periodically monitor the quality of rainwater to be used for landscaping. Water used for landscaping should conform to the BIS irrigation standards Parameters Values
TDS (mg/l) 2100
Chlorides as chlorine(mg/l) 500
Boron(mg/l) 2
Sulphates(mg/l) 1000
Conductivity(us/cm) 2.25 pH 6-8
Before the onset of rainy season, the rain water storage tank should be flushed off all the sediments and debris. The water used for cooling purpose (recycled water) shall be tested for hardness. It is recommended that water with hardness less than 50ppm shall be used for air conditioning applications. The STP In charge should analyse the quality of treated water before using it for cooling purpose in order to prevent any scale formation or corrosion. The water supply and wastewater lines shall be colour coded to differentiate; Significance of Impact The overall impact on the water resources and quality is assessed to be minor considering the existing allocation and zero discharge of wastewater.
Table 4-14 Impact Significance –Water resource and quality
ASPECT SCENARIO SPREAD DURATION INTENSITY OVERALL
Without Mitigation Local Long Moderate Moderate
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Water With Mitigation Local Medium Low Minor Resource and
Quality
4.3.5 Impact due to Solid Waste Management The potential impacts associated with disposal of solid waste include the following:
Inadequate collection and treatment of municipal solid waste can lead to unhygienic conditions leading to spread of diseases and other vectors Improper transportation of municipal solid waste may lead to generation of odour; The accumulation of waste along streets can clog drains and cause localized flooding; Mitigation Measures An integrated solid waste management will be put in place for collection, transport, treatment and disposal of solid waste generated from the activities; Municipal solid waste Management and handing rules, 2016 shall be followed. The e-waste generated shall be sold to authorised recyclers in accordance with e-waste Management Handling Rules, 2016. The recyclable waste like glass, metal, plastics, paper etc shall be collected separately and sold to authorized recyclers/ vendors. An onsite organic waste convertor has been planned in approx. 1000 m2 area inside project premises for processing of kitchen and garden waste Significance of Impact The overall impact of the solid waste generated from the commissioning of the project is moderate; however with the implementation of suggested collection, treatment and disposal measures the overall impact can be maintained as minor Table 4-15 Impact Significance –Solid waste management
ASPECT SCENARIO SPREAD DURATION INTENSITY OVERALL
Without Mitigation Local Long Moderate Moderate Solid Waste With Mitigation Local Long Low Minor
4.3.6 Impact on traffic & Transport Environment A well planned transport infrastructure with adequate public transport infrastructure already exists near the area, the details for the same have been provided in chapter two of the report. The potential impacts on traffic and transport for proposed project include the following:
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Increase in traffic volume due to proposed developments and likelihood of congestion on the existing and proposed road network; Random parking of vehicles and unplanned loading/ unloading areas can lead to confusion. Mitigation Measures Traffic Analysis: This includes various transport improvement strategies and proposed alternatives keeping in mind the vehicular density of the area surrounding project site, Alternatives are proposed in order to reduce the traffic congestion due to goods and passenger movement on the roads connecting to the project site. In order to accommodate the increased traffic, following measures have been suggested: Traffic diversion shall be encouraged by proposing alternate routes. Hierarchy in roads should be adopted to segregate the traffic according to the size, frequency and density of traffic. Comprehensive traffic and travel surveys shall be conducted every 5 years to monitor traffic characteristics and travel behavior to develop strategies for effective transportation.
Planning of pedestrian facilities: Pedestrian facilities shall be planned for movement of pedestrians on all major corridors and junctions in the study area. The pedestrian facilities which shall be provided for the safe movement of pedestrians are: Footpaths along the road Zebra markings Grade-separated pedestrian facilities viz. subways and pedestrian over-bridge for across movement of pedestrian. Pedestrian Guard Rails, Road safety Signage and overhead signs shall be placed on a structurally sound gantry or cantilever structure made of circular pipes or steel sections Parking demand management: The parking facilities shall be developed as per the guidelines and provisions of DMP 2021. Significance of Impact The overall impact on the Traffic in the area will be moderate as the future traffic projections are considered in planning roads and RRT; timely implementation of suggested roads infrastructure and management measures can maintain the impact as moderate
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Table 4-16 Impact Significance –Traffic
ASPECT SCENARIO SPREAD DURATION INTENSITY OVERALL
Without Mitigation Local Long High High Traffic With Mitigation Local Medium Moderate Moderate
4.3.7 Impact on Social Economy and Livelihood Once project becomes operational, certain impacts might emerge which will affect the local population positively. The anticipated impacts have been given below: With the onset of new project activities, employment opportunities might increase among the local population. The unskilled local population of the adjoining areas will find job opportunities as drivers, security guards, cleaners, housekeeping etc. which will improve their economic condition. With the execution of the project, there will be more transport facilities plying to the area thus, benefitting the population living in the area in the long run. The expected improvement of the following public amenities in the area due to project development. Improve building structures with Green building concept Proper garbage disposal system; smooth traffic movement; Aesthetics of the surroundings will improve. Establishment of proper connectivity of internet facilities in the area; Significance of Impact The overall impact on socio-economic scenario will be positive which when coupled adequate management measures can improve the economic scenario of the region with a moderate to high intensity of change. Table 4-17 Impact Significance –Socio-economic Environment ASPECT SCENARIO SPREAD DURATION INTENSITY OVERALL
Socio- Without Mitigation Local Long Moderate Moderate Economic Environment With Mitigation Local Long High High
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Chapter-5. Analysis of Alternative Technology and Site
5.1. Project Justification and Analysis of Site Alternatives
This section of the report presents the alternatives considered for selecting the site and justification for the project. The following scenarios have been considered for assessing the need of the project in the existing settings of the area: • Project versus No-project Scenario; • Alternatives considered for selection of site
A healthy citizen contributes to the making of a healthy nation. The Government of India has introduced various health programmes and policies to improve the Indian citizen's standard of living. Government aided schemes and Government for the health and welfare of the citizens. The people of the country are one of its most valuable resources. These programmes are aimed at increasing the standard of health of the people and decreasing the incidence of disease and death due to illness. The government aided schemes include immunization drives, special steps to deal with epidemics, programmes for elimination of dangerous diseases, and numerous education and training programmes. For the improvement of health of citizen the Central Government introduced and implemented several scheme since India’s Independence in 1947. The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare is the main agency which monitors these programmes in India. The health scheme of Central Government are intended to increase the standard health of the people by controlling and preventing measures. India's health expenditure is 5.6 per cent of GDP, whereas most established market economies spend 7-10 per cent of GDP on health. USA spends over 14 per cent. US has 2,340 doctors as compared to India's 143 doctors for every 10,000 people on an average, 80 out of every 1,000 children die. This figure is just 9 in the US and 30 for every 1,000 in Thailand. Life Expectancy in India is amongst the lowest at 55.5 years compared to US at 75.5 years and 66.5 years for Thailand. Compared to Brazil's 4300 beds, India has only 1,600 beds. As per information furnished by Medical Council of India at present there are 6, 83,682 allopathic registered doctors in the country. Apart from this, there are 271 medical colleges with 31,172 annual intake capacity and students passing out from these medical colleges every year are also adding to the strength of doctors in the country. In order to expand the facilities of Medical Education and health related services, under Pradhan Mantri Swasthya Suraksha Yojana (PMSSY) the Government has decided to upgrade 13 existing Government Medical College / Institutions in ten States and set up six AIIMS like institutions in milder served-states and also to. the expansion of the existing hospital will serve the dual purpose of providing super specialty health care to the population while also help create a large pool of doctors and other health workers in this region that can be available for primary and secondary level institutions / facilities being created under National Health Mission (NHM)
5.2. Alternatives considered for Selection of site No alternative site considered as existing facility is in operational stage at Dilshad Garden.
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Chapter-6. Environmental Monitoring Programme
6.1. Introduction The purpose of the monitoring programme is to ensure that the specified mitigation measures defined in the EMP are complied with and leads to the desired benefits for the target area and its population. To ensure the effective implementation of the EMP and gauge the efficiency of the mitigation measures, monitoring shall be undertaken both during the construction and operation period of the project.
6.2. Objectives of Environmental Monitoring The objectives of environmental monitoring program for the project are given below; • To provide a short term and long term environmental impacts of the project. • To comply the regulatory requirements as provided by state board and central board. • To provide a data to conduct an audit. • To provide a compliance report required by the regulatory authority.
It is essential that an effective environmental monitoring plan must be designed and followed Also a system of reporting of noncompliance/ violation related to environmental norms have also prepared in consultation with project management to address the issue as per the hierarchical management cell. 6.3. Performance Indicators (PIS)
The physical, biological and social components are of particular significance to the project is as listed below: • Air quality • Water quality • Noise levels • Solid Waste Management Of these, the following are selected as the Performance Indicators (PIs) and shall be monitored, since these are well known and comparative data series exist: • Air Quality • Noise levels • Water Quality • Flora To ensure the effective implementation of the mitigation measures and environmental management during construction and operation phase of project road, it is essential that an effective Environmental Monitoring Plan be designed and followed as given in table below 9.3.1 Ambient Air Quality (AAQ) monitoring Ambient air quality parameters recommended for monitoring with regard to constructional activities are PM, CO, SO2, and NO2. Monitoring shall be carried out twice a week for one month in each season during construction phase in accordance to the National Ambient Air Quantity Standards. The locations with the pollution parameters to be monitored are detailed out in the Environmental Monitoring Plan 9.3.2 Noise Level Monitoring
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The measurements of noise levels will be carried out at all designated locations in accordance to the ambient Noise Standards formulated by MoEF as given. Noise level will be monitored on twenty- four hourly bases. Noise should be recorded at “A” weighted frequency using a slow time response mode of the measuring instrument. The measurement location, duration and the noise pollution parameters to be monitored are detailed in the Environmental Monitoring Plan (Table 47). An environmental monitoring program is important as it provides useful information and helps to: • Verify the predictions on environmental impacts presented in this study, • Assist in detecting the development of any unwanted environmental situation, and thus, provides opportunities for adopting appropriate control measures, and • Evaluate the performance and effectiveness of mitigation measures proposed in the EMP and suggest improvements in management plan, if required, • Satisfy the legal and statutory obligations. The construction phase monitoring and post project monitoring plan including areas, number and location of monitoring stations, frequency of sampling and parameters to be covered is summarized tables below. The monitoring will be the responsibility of EMC. The post operational monitoring program will be under the supervision of the Site Engineer at the project site. Monitoring will be get carried out by recognized laboratories.
Table 6-1 : Environmental Monitoring Plan [Construction Phase] Source Monitoring Location Parameters to be Monitoring Monitored Frequency
Ambient Air Quality At 1 location at boundary of PM10, PM2.5, SO2, Twice a year or as the project site. NO2 and CO per conditions of EC Ambient Noise At 1 location at boundary of Day & night Twice a year or as the project site. equivalent noise per conditions of EC level Groundwater At 1 location nearest to the As per standards Twice a year or as project site. per conditions of EC
Soil At 1 location outside the As per standards Twice a year or as project site. per conditions of EC
Table 6-2 : Environmental Monitoring Plan–Operation Phase Source Monitoring Location Parameters to Monitoring Frequency be Monitored DG set emissions DG stacks PM10, PM2.5, SO2, Twice a year or as per NO2 conditions of EC or as per and CO requirement of SPCB DG set noise At 0.5 m distance from Noise level Twice a year or as per DG enclosure/ DG room conditions of EC or as per requirement of SPCB
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Sewage/Effluent Inlet and Outlet of STP pH, BOD, Twice a year or as per Treatment Plant Suspended Solid, conditions of EC or as per Oil & Grease requirement of SPCB Ambient Air Quality At 2 locations (one PM10, PM2.5, SO2, Twice a year or as per inside the project site NO2 and CO conditions of EC or as per and one at boundary of requirement of SPCB the project site along predominant wind direction) Ambient Noise At 2 locations (one Day and night Twice a year or as per inside the project site equivalent noise conditions of EC or as per and one at boundary of level requirement of SPCB the project site nearest to residential area)
6.4. Success of Vegetation
To ensure the proper maintenance and monitoring of the proposed plantation activities, a regular survey of the survival rate of the planted trees is being up to a period of 2 years from the start of operation of the project. 6.5. Reporting Schedules
The environment management cell shall be responsible for timely conduct of the monitoring activities. The results of the analysis shall be intimated to the project head. Any anomaly in test results shall be investigated into and proper corrective actions shall be undertaken. A complaint register shall also be maintained to note any complaints from the staff and visitors in the project or any other stakeholder. Corrective actions taken against the complaints shall also be noted. 6.6. Emergency
Alarming levels of pollutants in any of the monitored component may raise alarm. However, such information should be made available to the residents/ occupants through notices. The latter may also be consulted on necessary steps to be taken on an immediate and long term basis to tide over the problem
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Chapter-7. Additional Studies
7.1. Risk Assessment and Disaster Management Plan Hospital Project encompasses the lives of a large number of people. It also involves installation of various structures and machineries that will doctors for diagnosis’ of various health issues as well to meet the comfort and needs of its population going to stay in residents but may also pose serious threat to the occupants in case of an accident. It is thus considered necessary to carry out a risk assessment and disaster management plan for the project.
7.2. Risk Hazard & its control measures
It is attempted to plan and construct the buildings following all safety norms. However, it is not always possible to totally eliminate such eventualities and random failures of equipment or human errors. An essential part of major hazard control has therefore, to be concerned with mitigating the effects of such emergency and restoration of normalcy at the earliest. A detailed table showing activities during construction operation phase along with mitigation measures are given in table below.
5 5 1 1 2 2 Above Extreme Risk – Severity Rating 0 5 0 5 20 Cannot accept this (SR) 1 to 5: risk 1 is lowest & 5 is HIRA for 4 4 8 1 1 2 16 to High Impact Risk – highest Construction 2 6 0 20 Must implement Phase Probability 3 3 6 9 1 1 extensive risk Rating (PR) 1 to 2 5 5: 2 2 4 6 8 1 9 to 15 Moderate Impact Document 1 is lowest & 5 is SEVERITY 0 Risk – Conduct No. highest formal risk analysis; Risk Level (RL) = 1 1 2 3 4 5 Revision may require risk Severity (S) x control Probability (P) 1 2 3 4 5 1 to 8 Low Risk – Some risk Date controls may still Page No PROBABILITY justified
Table 7-1 Risk Hazard and risk control
Activity / Potential Hazards Initial Risk Residual Risk S. No Mitigation Measures / Risk Controls Task / Risk S P RL S P RL 1 General Lack of All workers and staff must went through site HSE Work knowledge to induction to know about hazards, control measures, worker about 5 5 25 procedures and general rules. 3 2 6 hazard Daily tool box talk shall be conducted for sensitization. controls at site 2 Backfilling Unmaintained Inspect & certify equipment before deployment to site. of area equipment’s Inspection records to be maintained. using dump 5 4 20 Daily inspection checklist to be filled by operator/driver 5 2 10 trucks and prior start of activity. Report any damage to dozer engineer/supervisor. Unauthorized Operator must possess heavy equipment driving 4 4 16 4 2 8 operation license. Collision / hit Follow site traffic rules as speed limit, designated driving to property or route, wear seat belt, do defensive driving, and keep workforce / head lights on during operation. toppling 5 4 20 Equipment movement must be controlled by flagman/ 4 2 8 banks man. Dump trucks must have reverse alarm operational and audible
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Workforce shall not come into blind spots of equipment driver/operator, keep safe distance from equipments. Dump truck must not be over loaded against its capacity. Dumping location must be properly compacted. Banks man must ensure soil stability before reaching of dump truck for unloading. The Hydraulic lever must be operated in three stages for hauling the material from truck to ensure the back door lock is opened properly. Unloading of material from dump trucks at same location shall be done one by one and not together. The truck shall not move forward while the hydraulic lever is up. Equipments shall not be parked in queue, shall be parked alongside so visible to driver. 3 Excavation Collapse of Inspection of excavation shall be carried out before for civil excavation commencement of work. foundations Excavated earth must be kept 1.5 m away from the excavation. Dewatering shall be done regularly and ensure no 4 4 16 flooding into excavation. 4 2 8 Equipments and other heavy materials shall not be parked or kept near excavation edges. Maintain proper slope as per soil stability or provide shoring. Proper access egress shall be provided. Fall of Ensure hard barricade around excavation. person/materi Provide signage for awareness. al into 4 4 16 Lighting arrangement shall be provided during night 4 2 8 excavation time for alerting man and equipment movement. Do not lean on cross excavation barricade. 4 Cutting, Unconditioned Cutting / bending machine shall be inspected by bending, rebar cutting / electrical engineer and operator shall fill daily inspection tying of bending checklist prior to start work. rebar machine. SOP of machine shall be displayed. Only authorized person with valid competency card Cut / hit / should operate machine. pinch points Avoid loose clothing. Ensure guard shall be applied before cutting of rebar. Ensure good housekeeping, access should be free from debris, and material should be stacked keeping access route free. Use appropriate PPE’s as leather hand gloves, safety goggles. Emergency stop to rebar bending machine shall be provided. Supervisor shall ensure no unauthorized person enter in 4 5 20 4 2 8 working area. Muscular pain Machine should be mounted over PCC.
Safe working load i.e. 25 kg per person weight is allowed
to lift. If load is more call for assistance.
Maintain proper body posture; lift material by using legs
not by back.
Maintain proper communication among work crew. Electrocution Repeated motions or turning body should be avoided. If material loaded on shoulder, shoulder pads to be worn. Take short rest intervals in between. Electrical cable of machine should be underground. Ensure power supply form ELCB, additional body earth to be provided Avoid loose connections. Prepare weather protection shed for machine. 5 Formwork, (Wooden Inspect cutting machine prior to use. Cutting wheel must pouring of Formwork) be properly fitted. concrete, Cut injury Do not remove cutting wheel guard. de- during wood Avoid loose clothing. shuttering cutting by Hold material firmly and use bench for cutting operation and curing hand / 5 4 20 with proper body posture. 4 2 8 electrical saw. Pay attention at work. Wear appropriate PPE’s as hand gloves. Wear nose mask.
Wear ear plugs.
Wear safety goggle.
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Ensure proper housekeeping, nails not to be spread on Inhalation of ground, pick them and keep in box. Waste materials to saw dust be discarded and kept aside. Noise Ensure proper cable management. Saw dust into Ensure cable for cutting machine insulation is not eye damaged and not run over stagnant water. Trip and fall Power supply from ELCB and connection through industrial sockets only. If equipment is not in use de-energize it. Do not keep shutter oil unattended in working area. Any Electrocution spillage shall be removed as per directions in MSDS. Spill kit shall be provided at strategic locations.
Spillage of Take appropriate break while tightening bolts to avoid
shutter oil muscular and joint pain.
Ensure proper footing position while tighten/loosening
the bolts.
Use same size of wrench for nuts to avoid slippage (Metal during tightening. Concreting Formwork) using Use appropriate hand glove for proper gripping. Joint or Equipment must be certified by third party for safe concrete muscular pain bucket and working load (SWL). Fall of person crane Daily inspection checklist for the crane must be filled Slip of wrench after inspection of equipment prior to start work. Report
for any damage to Engineer/supervisor. Inspection Faulty / records shall be maintained. improper Equipment’s shall be only operated by authorized and equipment competent persons only. All lifting tools and tackles must be certified by third party for safe working load (SWL). Rigger must inspect lifting tools / tackles prior to start Unauthorized job. operation Check SWL for tools and tackles from prior to use. The crane must be position properly on firm and leveled Damaged ground. lifting tools / All out riggers (tyre mounted crane) to be fully extended tackles and footings to be properly secured on out rigger pads.
Area must be compacted and outriggers must be distant
from excavation edge as per its depth.
Don't allow crane operation when wind speed is more Improper than 35 km / hr. positioning / Limit switch and Safe Load Indicator must be toppling of operational. equipment Signaling lights should be operational.
Ensure competent and trained rigger throughout lifting operation.
Don’t allow anyone to work under the suspended load
Take work permit prior to start lifting operation.
Sign boards or warning tapes must be placed for awareness and are in language that most of person can understand i.e. English, Hindi and local language. Use tag lines to control the movement of material. Maintain proper communication between operator and Fall / Hit by rigger. Only one rigger will give signal to operator. material to Shackle pin must be tied properly. workforce Make trial lifts for unknown Centre of Gravity (CG) of materials. Use packing under web slings to protect from any cut and damage. Do not allow anyone to sit or take rest under crane. Rigger must wear cut resistant hand gloves while handling wire rope sling. Keep hands out of reach form pinch point locations. Riggers must not wear rings or such ornament. Concreting While lowering load feet must be watched. using static Pinch point/ Avoid loose clothing. pump Cut /Abrasion Barricade crane swing area and place adequate warning signage, proper supervision at site. Crane swing and reverse alarm shall be functional.
Maintain proper housekeeping.
Keep access egress route clear from any material and Unauthorized debris. person enter Weather condition to be monitored and not allowed to lift to the site or operation when wind speed is more than 35 km/hr. work area
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Slip/Trip/Fall Lift to be halted during approach of and onset of Bad weather electrical storm. condition Proper supporting and bracing of the structure to be (Wind, concreted has to be ensured well before the pour. electrical Ensure the working condition of pump support jacks. storm) The pipes should be secured rigidly in all the bends. A rope and pulley arrangement can be kept permanently Failure of for facilitating quick dismantling and erection of pipes. structure. Pumps should be positioned on solid and levelled area Hit by Pipeline clamps shouldn’t be opened under pressure. pressurized Pipeline must be secured properly and regular pipe inspection of clamps and pipeline support to be checked. Support of pipeline must not be given with scaffold. No people should be allowed to sit on the pipeline during concreting.
Safety helmet, gloves and gumboots shall be used
during work.
Cleaning of pump, after concreting should be done
under supervision. Only trained workmen should be
used for the job. They should not put their hand inside
the pump for cleaning. Pump must be switched OFF &
Isolated during cleaning and key of the isolation should
be kept with the person performing the cleaning work.
While reversing Transit Mixture ensure helper or other person is not between static pump and transit mixture.
Crush Injury 6 Masonry Access Ensure the access is clear always. work (using blocking by All materials (blocks and cement bags) must be stored scaffolds) placing the in designated location and maintain safe stacking Unloading material on height. and staking path ways AAC blocks / bricks must stack properly in locking of bricks manner so individual stack will not fall. Fall of piled Do not keep material stacks near to open edges of blocks / bricks building. and material Ensure proper handling of bricks during unloading and stacking. Adopt right posture during material handling. Back injury Take few minute rests to avoid back pain.
Inspect all hand tools prior to start of work.
Damage hand Use the right tools for the right job.
tools All workers must use full PPE’s as safety shoes, hard
hat, chemical resistant hand gloves, dust mask and Concrete safety goggles. splash/ Skin Proper housekeeping of area to be maintained. effect Stacking of blocks and other construction material must
Work on be stacked away from access area. Tripping Check the stability of platform; it must be made on firm Scaffold Hazards leveled ground. 5 4 20 Ensure base plate to be in place. Check proper number 5 2 10 of standards, ledgers, transforms, cross bracing, platform board, toe board, guardrails to be placed as Instable/collap per scaffolding standards. se of scaffold Use green tagged platform only.
No one other than the scaffolder should ever alter
platform for work convenience and will be inspected
after alteration by scaffolding inspector.
Place red tag to demarcate incomplete platform/ Use of scaffolding under modification and dismantling. incomplete Hand tools and material must be properly secured platform/ Use while working. of platform without Do not sit/rest under scaffold while work is ongoing. inspection Wear Full Body Safety Harness and ensure 100% anchorage. Maintain proper housekeeping over scaffold. Fall of Keep access/egress route clear from any material and person/materi debris. als
Slip/Trip/Fall
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7 Welding Non Inspect & certify machine before its use on site by maintained electrical engineer. Inspection records to be maintained. machine / 5 3 15 Daily inspection checklist to be filled by operator prior 5 1 5 damaged start of activity. Report any damage to machine engineer/supervisor. Incompetent Only trained and competent person shall operate Operator / machine. 4 4 16 4 2 8 Unauthorized Any unauthorized operation will lead to penalty as site operation policy. Electrocution Ensure electrical power supply from ELCB, inspect cable for any cut / damage of insulation and provided with industrial sockets. Ensure proper body earthing of machine. If there is any electrical defect in machine call 5 4 20 5 1 5 electrician. Do not correct yourself. Cables shall be placed underground and cable route to be marked for preventing it from physical damages of falling material above it and shall not cause trip hazard. De-energize welding machine when not in use. Eye injury Use personal protective equipments such as welding 4 4 16 hood to prevent UV radiation to cause eye injury. 4 2 8
Burn injury / Implement and take work permit system. Fire Wear appropriate PPE’s like leather hand gloves, apron, hand and leg guard, welding helmet etc. Remove any flammable or combustible materials from working location or cover it with fire blanket. Fire point with adequate number of suitable fire 4 5 20 4 2 8 extinguishers should be in close proximity where hot work is being performed. Inspect and ensure fire extinguishers are in good conditions. Ensure cable and electrode holders are well insulated. Ensure cable connections are not loose. Environmental Welding rod waste must be collected and stored in one Hazards 3 5 15 location as per hazardous waste and disposed as per 3 1 3 local regulations 8 Cutting by Damaged Equipment must be inspected prior to use for any loose bench / equipment connection and current leakage. angle Rotating guard and handle must be provided on angle grinder and bench grinder. The RPM of the cutting disc must be matched or more Incompetent from equipment. operator Operator must be validated and trained. Proper lock out/ de-energize equipment when not in use to stop unauthorized operation. Damaged Cutting discs must be properly inspected prior to use Cutting disc for hair line crack, RPM, peripheral damages and rust or soaked with water or not. Storage of cutting discs must be done properly so it may not break or damaged. It must not contact with water. Electrocution All the electrical cable must be double insulated and industrial socket provided. The electrical connection must be from ELCB circuit. 4 4 16 Double body earthling of the power distribution board 4 2 8 must be ensured. Improper electrical joints must not be allowed. Plug in Burn and cut plug out must be provided instead of joints. injury Access to DB must be cleared.
Wear appropriate PPE’s like leather gloves, apron,
hand guard, leg guard, welding shield etc.
Slag must not fall on any personnel.
Wear face shield. Do not stop rotating wheel by hand. Use machine guard properly. To change cutting disc, de-energize and use key to open wheel. Do not left energize machine unattended. Do not operate on auto mode. Clean the deposited slag on inner side of disc guard, if Fire not cleaned can damage to disc.
All hot works must be carried under booth.
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Permit shall be taken prior to work. All the combustible materials must be removed from the working location. Fire extinguisher must be placed in the work location. Slag must not be fall on any combustible material. Noise Fire watcher must be placed and fire watcher must stay Improper in the work area and ensure no spark or burning slag cable up to one hour of the welding work completion. management Use ear plugs. Proper cable management must be done to avoid trip and fall and short circuit. Trip/ fall Electrical cable must not be laid on water. Electrical cable must not be laid on path ways. Proper housekeeping must be maintained in the work area. 9 Gas Cutting Damaged Gas The gas cutting set must be properly inspected with cutting set gas inspection checklist. Flash back arrestor must be provided on both cylinder and torch end. The hose must be properly checked with soap solution and flash back arrestor joints for any gas leaking, ensure pressure testing of hose also. The torch must be in good condition and properly checked for any damage and cleaned. Incompetent All the gauges must be not damaged calibrated and Gas cutter kept at eye level. Cut / injury The gas cutter must be validated and trained. Care must be taken during cutting for falling of material onto feet of gas cutter. Fire / Leather hand gloves must be worn. explosion All hot works must be carried under booth covered by fire blanket. Permit for work shall be taken prior to start of work activity. All the combustible materials must be removed from the working location.
Fire extinguisher must be placed in the work location.
Slag must not be fall on any combustible material.
Fire watcher must be placed and fire watcher must stay in the work area and ensure no spark or burning slag 4 4 16 4 2 8 up to one hour of the welding work completion. Flash back arrestor on both torch and cylinder ends. Gas cylinders must be kept in vertical position tied with chains. Filled and empty cylinders (Oxygen and fuel) are kept with nozzle cap in ventilated, shady area separately and post signage. Transportation of cylinders must be carried in trolley in vertical position, tied and with nozzle caps. Burn Injury Use color code of hose appropriately as red for fuel and blue for oxygen. Hose must not be tied with each other. Burning slag must not drop on hose. Trip/ fall Hose must not be passed on electrical or welding cables. Heat Stress Wear appropriate PPE’s like leather gloves, apron, hand guard, leg guard, welding shield etc. Slag must not fall on any personnel. Wear face shield. Maintain proper housekeeping in working location, Hose must be routed properly to avoid trip and fall hazard. Drink ample amount of water. Take few minutes resting period to get breath-in. Provide rest shelter. 10 Chipping Faulty / Inspect equipment for current validation sticker prior to and Drilling improper use and ensure quarterly inspection colour code is equipment provided. Equipment’s must be used by validated and Unauthorized 4 4 16 competent persons only. 4 2 8 operation Mandatory use of safety goggles and face shield. Eye injury by Unauthorized persons must be away from working flying particles area. Spray water on working area to reduce dust emission.
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Dust Use dust mask while drilling. inhalation Position yourself in upwind direction so dust generated will go opposite to you. Take small break after continuous work. Ensure ear plugs. Vibration Adopt right posture during operation of equipment. (Numbness of Use cotton / cut resistant handgolves. hands) Avoid loose clothing from drilling operations, do not Noise grip bit while it is still rotating. Muscular Ensure power through ELCB. injury Don’t use damage electrical cable. Cut/Abrasions Cable must not run through water. If equipment is not in use, de-energize it. Ensure good housekeeping, materials must be kept Electrocution away from walkway. Electrical cables must be routed properly so it will not produce trip hazard.
Trip/Fall 7.3. Hazard Assessment Template for Operational Phase 7.3.1. Likelihood � 1 = Unlikely to occur within a 100 year period
� 2 = May occur once in a 100 year period
� 3 = May occur once in a 10 year period
� 4 = May occur once in a 1 year period
� 5 = May occur multiple times in a 1 year period 7.3.2. Human Impact � 1 = Injury or illness to patients/staff unlikely
� 2 = Low probability of injuries or illness
� 3 = High probability of injuries or illness
� 4 = High probability of injuries or illness and low probability of death
� 5 = High probability of injuries or illness and high probability of death
7.3.3. Physical Impact � 1 = Property damage or loss of access unlikely
� 2 = Minor clean‐ up or recovery time
� 3 = Minor damage or temporary loss of access
� 4 = Major damage or prolonged loss of access
� 5 = Indefinite loss of access or rebuild required
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7.3.4. Financial Impact � 1 = Negligible financial impact
� 2 = Expenditures under Rs 100000
� 3 = Expenditures under Rs 1 million
� 4 = Expenditures under Rs 10 million
� 5 = Expenditures over Rs 10 million
7.3.5. Reputation Impact � 1 = Reputation unlikely to be affected
� 2 = Limited negative local media coverage or public stigma
� 3 = Negative regional media coverage and strong public stigma
� 4 = Negative national media coverage, fundraising or recruitment affected
� 5 = Long‐ term negative association with hospital, large fundraising/recruitment impact
7.4. Hazard Description 7.4.1. Natural Hazards 1. Contamination – Food Food may be contaminated by a biological, chemical, or physical agent. This contamination is more likely to occur as the food source or processing centre, but contamination within Hospital is also possible. It is likely that staff and patients eating from a contaminated source will be exposed to a pathogen prior to its identification. Effects will vary by agent, but death of susceptible patients and illness is likely. 2. Contamination – Water Drinking water may be contaminated by a biological, chemical, or physical agent. This type of event differs from disrupted water supply by the actual ingestion of contaminated water. It is likely that the majority of staff and patients drinking from a contaminated source will be exposed to the pathogen prior to its identification. Effects will vary by agent, but death of susceptible patients and widespread illness is likely. Significant damage to hospital reputation would follow. 3. Earthquake Earthquakes can occur at any time or location, but are most common along active fault lines. As per the latest seismic zoning map of India, the Delhi falls under Risk Zone- IV. Injuries may also occur, with the most vulnerable being patients with mobility issues or those undergoing surgical procedures 4. Flood – External External flooding can stem from a number of sources, including overflow from river Yamuna or heavy rains. The project site lies within the catchment area, but the area is backfilled, compacted and efficient storm water drainage plan is implemented. The secondary effect of flood may be erosion and landslide. In the case of external floodwater breach, damage could occur to the hospital as well
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as its infrastructure and equipment. Reconstruction or cleanup should be anticipated. Patient injuries may also occur. 5. Infectious Disease – Internal Hospital‐acquired infectious diseases are a common complication of medical care. Causes may include poor hand hygiene, non‐sterile equipment, or failure to follow proper quarantine procedures. Even with strict adherence to protocol, however, having a high concentration of infected patients within a small area can lead to rapid spread of disease. Severity will based on the pathogen, widespread illness is likely, with the possibility of patient deaths as well. 6. Pandemic/Endemic – Exterior An epidemic represents an illness within a limited region, whereas a pandemic refers to a worldwide event. The disease may be spread by direct or indirect contact, through droplets, airborne, blood‐ borne, or vector‐borne. Health impacts will vary based on the nature of the infecting agent, and effects are more likely to be severe in those with weaker immune systems (such as the elderly, the very young, or those with immune deficiencies). Health care providers are also vulnerable, and there is a high potential for the disease to spread within the hospital. Infrastructure impacts are unlikely quarantine measures may cause disruptions to certain hospital processes or departments. 7.4.2. Human Caused Hazard 1. Bomb Threat A bomb threat is the reported presence or threat of placement of an explosive device within the facility or on hospital property. In the absence of an actual explosive device there is low risk to patient health or physical property. However, until security or Regional Police Service clears the matter, access to certain areas may be lost and some operations may be suspended. In case of evacuation, minor injuries may occur. Depending on how far the event escalates, widespread media coverage and negative public reaction may occur. 2. Child Abduction Child abduction is the illegal removal of an infant or child from the facility or department. This is a much focused event with little chance of harm to patients or staff beyond the individual victim. Exceptions may exist if the assailant is confronted and turns violent, though this is rare. Infant abductions from hospitals are featured prominently in national media, with acute negative impacts on hospital reputation. 3. Civil Disorder Civil disorder is the breach of law or general rule by a group of people, and may take many different forms. Disorder may be non‐ violent (e.g. blocked access to particular routes or buildings), or violent (e.g. acts of aggression towards people or physical property. Civil disorder is typically centered in large, dense populations, but may occur in smaller communities too. Possible results include minor injuries or property damage. 4. Computer Virus As the hospital network increasingly integrates technology into daily processes and become more vulnerable to harm through our computer systems. Computer viruses often enter systems and propagate unknown to users. Common sources include external tools such as USB storage devices, malignant e‐ mail attachments, and downloads from external websites. Viruses may also breach the system as part of a malevolent act aimed at damaging hospital infrastructure. Cyber-attacks in isolation of viruses may include intentional hacking of the system network to obtain or modify sensitive information. A significant breach may lead to loss of access of critical information, altered function of some systems and medical devices, and damaged reputation in the event of leaked health information. 5. Labour Disruption
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Labour disruptions are often the result of organized, legal job action. Groups involved may involve internal hospital staff from various departments and external contract staff. Direct impacts on patients are rare, but staff shortages may lead to reduced capacity to conduct regular hospital operations, and loss to some areas or services may occur. Financial costs may accumulate in prolonged disruptions, and reputation may be impacted 6. Mass Causality A mass casualty incident is any event in which medical resources such as personnel and equipment are overwhelmed by the number and severity of casualties. A mass casualty incident may be medical (e.g. disease, chemical exposure) or traumatic (e.g. explosion, transportation accident) in nature. Mass casualty incidents may be triggered by any number of external hazards, including, but not limited to: HAZMAT events, pandemics, intentional violence, and extreme weather. Likelihood of these events increases with mass gatherings of people, such as during community festivals, sporting events, and concerts. Mass casualty incidents will rarely impact the hospital directly, but resources may be overwhelmed through patient surge.
7. Serious Adverse Incident Serious adverse events are incidents that result in death, disability, or prolonged hospitalization of existing patients due to errors in healthcare management. Adverse events are common in the healthcare industry. By definition, these events result in great harm towards one or more patients. Associated costs may be high, and reputation may be negatively impacted. 8. Terrorism Terrorism is an act conducted with the intention to conduct harm to people, property, businesses, or the environment. Like HAZMAT accidents, terrorist acts are typically of CBRNE nature, with explosive devices the most common. Terrorism may also take the forms of cyber-attacks or intentional sabotage, and can be conducted by a group or individual, including past or current employees. Targeted attacks against the hospital will vary based on the nature of the event, but results likely include severe injuries, extensive damage to hospital property, prolonged loss of services, and loss of public confidence in safety. 9. Violent Person – Patient Violent patients are individuals receiving medical treatment, voluntarily or involuntarily, that are actively displaying physical aggression, or represent a threat of aggression or violence towards themselves, others, or their surroundings. These situations have the potential to lead to injury to those involved (including both the aggressor and those responding to the situation). Damage to infrastructure is common, and temporary loss of access to the isolated area may occur. 10. Violent Person – Non-patient A violent individual (non‐ patient) may be a past or present employee, a relative of a patient or employee, or an individual with no connection to the hospital. Whereas violent patients often act due to medical conditions, a violent individual often acts with criminal intent. Due to this focus, these events are typically more severe but less frequent than violent patients. Weapons may be involved, and incidents can lead to injuries and loss of access to affected areas, with a chance to progress to a hostage situation. 11. Workplace Injury Due to the nature of healthcare delivery injuries in the workplace may occur to both clinical and non‐clinical staff. Serious injuries may occur, resulting in more than one day of lost time as well as associated costs and medical treatment. These events are related to performance of regular duties in isolation of other risk categories such as hazardous materials exposure or violent individuals. Occupational Health and Safety definitions within this category include bodily reaction/exertion, contacts with objects/equipment, and falls.
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12. Fire Incident Small fire incidents are those that originate within the hospital but are isolated events and can be easily controlled by hospital staff. These fires are commonly started due to failure of small electronics or medical device malfunctions. Occasionally these fires are intentionally started by patients. Human impacts are generally limited to smoke inhalation or patient movement due to residual smells. Damage is typically limited and costs are minimal unless the event progresses to a working fire stage. 13. Hazardous Material The hospital industry is at relatively high risk of HAZMAT accidents due to the high concentration of CBRNE materials on site. The effects of a HAZMAT incident may be immediate or delayed. External HAZMAT events are impossible to predict, and are often the result of transportation or industrial accidents. Events in close proximity to the hospital may lead to evacuation, a shelter‐ in‐ place directive, decontamination, or injury/illness to staff, patients, and the public. 14. Structural Collapse The loss of structural integrity in a building or structure that results in the structure losing shape, caving in, flattened or reduced to debris. Damage leading to collapse may occur gradually over time, or suddenly in a result to a specific triggering incident. A high probability of injury or death exists, with extensive reconstruction and prolonged or indefinite loss of access expected. 15. Electricity Failure (Primary) Disruption of electrical supply may affect the entire hospital or just select locations within some buildings. This can be triggered by external events such as severe weather or municipal power outages, or may stem from internal failure. Consequences should be limited by emergency generator back‐ ups feeding power to critical life safety equipment. Non‐ emergency areas and equipment will be powered down and remain off‐ line until the disruption is resolved, causing loss of access to some facilities and interventions. Without proper lighting, patients with decreased mobility who are alone at the time of failure may suffer minor injuries from falls. 16. Electricity Failure (Secondary – Generator) In addition to loss of fuel supply, emergency generators may fail due to improper maintenance or prolonged periods of time without use. Generator failure may go unnoticed without consequence if regular electrical supply is functioning correctly. Public awareness of generator failure will likely lead to damaged reputation. 17. Fire System Failure The fire system can fail due to problems with detectors, alarms, sprinkler systems, and water supply. Unless systems fail during an active fire, effects on patients will be negligible; however some costs and loss of access may occur during repairs. 18. Flood – Internal An internal flood refers to a flood event that originates within the hospital facility itself. Causes may include ruptured pipes, damaged water tanks, or sewage failure. The most probable consequence is damage to physical infrastructure and equipment within the hospital. Extensive cleanup or minor reconstruction may be required, shutting off access to isolated areas. If patient areas are affected and evacuation required, minor injuries may occur. 19. Fuel Supply Failure Interruption of supply is often due to problems with fuel transport infrastructure, but may also be a result of regional fuel shortages. Emergency power generators rely on diesel fuel to function, with several days of reserve kept on site. 20. HVAC Failure
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HVAC systems play a critical role in controlling the environment within the hospital. Temperature control failure in concert with extreme external weather can lead to acute illness in patients with difficulty thermoregulation. Ventilation controls tightly regulate airflow, and failure would increase the chance of transmission of airborne illness.. Limited downtime of some hospital areas may occur depending on the nature of the failure, though HVAC failures are typically brief in duration. 21. IT Failure Information technology services have become critical to numerous administrative processes within the hospital system, some of which are related to patient care. The most common cause of failure is unauthorized system changes without proper oversight, leading to inadvertent problems. Failure of IT services would disrupt a number of processes and business activities, and have moderate financial impact. Communication and documentation systems may be impacted. 22. Telecommunication Failure Telecommunications include internal and external phone systems, radios, and switchboard. These systems may fail due to operator error, IT failures, extremely high volume, or an external disruption. Without functioning telecommunications systems there is an increased likelihood of medical errors. There may be financial costs related to repair and downtime, and inability for the public to reach the hospital may result in negative publicity. 23. Supply Chain Disruption Hospitals are complex institutions that rely on a multitude of products provided by external vendors. Hospital typically stores few days’ worth of supplies, but prolonged interruption of supply chains that provides medical devices, equipment, or pharmaceuticals can impact patient care and facility functioning. 24. Medical Gas Failure Medical gasses include oxygen, nitrous oxide, and nitrogen, and others, used both for direct patient care and the powering of medical equipment. Portable back‐ ups of these gasses exist, but disruption can lead to failure at the various endpoints resulting in harm to patients, and shutdown of affected areas. Leaks and escaped gas should be treated as HAZMAT incidents, and can lead to illness or injury in patients, visitors, and staff. 25. Water Supply Failure Water supply is essential for drinking, food preparation, air conditioning, hygiene, and plumbing. Disruption may occur if the municipal supply/borewell is lost or contaminated, or if an internal issue (such as a leak) forces a localized shutdown. Prolonged absence of water may lead to illness or death, with impacts more severe in the winter. Without a constant water source certain procedures will be cancelled, triggering loss of access to some facilities. Lack of water will also impair response to other hazards, such as HAZMAT decontamination or fire suppression. The cost of alternative water attainment may be significant. Table 7-2 : Risk Scores Hazard Likelihoo Consequences Components Total Risk d Score Human Physical Financial Reputation Natural Contamination – Food 3 4 2 3 3 36 Contamination – Water 3 5 3 3 3 39 Earthquake 4 5 4 4 1 56 Flood - External 4 5 4 4 1 56 Infectious Disease – 4 4 1 3 3 44 Internal
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Pandemic/Endemic – 4 5 2 4 4 60 Exterior Storms 3 4 3 3 1 33 Human Caused Bomb Threat 2 2 3 2 3 20 Child Abduction 3 2 2 2 4 30 Civil Disorder 2 2 2 2 3 18 Computer Virus 3 1 3 4 4 36 Labour Disruption 3 2 2 3 4 33 Mass Causality 3 4 1 3 2 30 Serious Adverse 3 3 1 3 4 33 Incident Terrorism 2 5 5 5 3 36 Violent Person – 5 2 1 2 1 30 Patient Violent Person – Non- 3 3 2 1 2 24 patient Workplace Injury 4 2 1 2 2 28 Fire Incident 5 3 3 2 2 50 Hazardous Material 3 3 3 3 3 36 Structural Collapse 2 4 4 4 4 32 Electricity Failure 4 2 3 2 1 32 (Primary) Electricity Failure 3 2 2 3 1 24 (Secondary – Generator) Fire System Failure 4 2 2 2 2 32 Flood – Internal 3 2 4 3 2 33 Fuel Supply Failure 3 3 3 3 3 33 HVAC Failure 4 2 2 2 3 36 IT Failure 4 2 3 2 2 36 Telecommunication 3 2 2 2 3 27 Failure Supply Chain 4 3 2 2 3 40 Disruption Medical Gas Failure 3 3 3 2 2 30 Water Supply Failure 3 3 2 3 3 33
7.5. Preparedness Priorities are to be set up on the Total Risk 7.2.8.1 High Preparedness Priorities (scores 36 – 100): with both a high likelihood of occurrence and high potential impact on the hospital. High preparedness priorities are hazards that are candidates for immediate mitigation and preparedness efforts to reduce the likelihood or consequences of occurrence. Possible risk reduction measures include physical fortification, redundant pathways, staff training, and acquisition of response resources. 7.2.8.2 Moderate Preparedness Priorities – (scores 26 – 35): Events with either a high likelihood of occurrence and low magnitude of impact, or low likelihood but high consequence. Such potential risk exposures should be addressed in terms of mitigation and preparedness activities, after high priority vents, as time and resources become available.
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7.2.8.3Low Preparedness Priorities – (scores 4 – 25): Events with a low incidence of occurrence and low potential impact, or events which have already received substantial mitigation and preparedness efforts. These events should be monitored for changes in frequency or consequence, but do not require immediate action otherwise 7.6. Disaster Management Plan 7.6.1. Introduction Disaster refers to a serious disruption of the functioning of a society, causing widespread human, material, or environmental loss, which exceeds the ability of the affected society to cope using its own resources. To put it in other words, it is the occurrence of a sudden mishap/calamity/grave occurrence that disrupts the basic fabric and normal functioning of a society (or community). This plan provides core guidance on necessary action and procedure to follow for all emergency situations that can cause hazard to life, property and environment from any accidental causes or from natural calamities. 7.6.2. Objective The objectives behind the preparation of this Disaster Management Plan is • To mitigate impact of natural and man-made disasters through preparedness • To provide effective support and resources to all the concerned individuals, groups and departments in disaster. • To assist and develop compatible skills for disaster preparedness and management. • To disseminate factual information in a timely, accurate and tactful manner • To have response system in place to face any eventuality 7.6.3. Purpose of Plan The purpose of this plan is to document set of actions and guidelines to be carried out in the event of any on site or off site emergencies which may arise during the course of construction and operation phase. This plan provides core guidance on actions necessary for the emergency situations which could cause hazard to life, property and environment from accidental or natural calamities. This plan has two fold purpose. To prepare for emergency situations by means of Mock drill exercise and other training programmes, and To handle emergencies and effective use of all resources in command of Hospital Administration with liaison and coordination with outside agencies to minimize the effect of emergency. The anticipated disaster scenarios are listed below:- • Natural calamities as Earthquake, Flood, Landslide, Storm, Cyclone etc. • Structural Collapse • Fire & Explosion • Gas leakage • Civil Disturbance / Violence • Environmental Emergencies as discharge of fuel / oil / hazardous chemical to ground / water. • Spread of infection from bio-medical waste, ETP sludge etc. 7.6.4. Major functions of plan . Prepare personnel for proper handling of emergency situations described above by Mock drills and trainings. . Rescue the potential victims and treat them suitably.
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. Safeguard others (evacuating them whenever necessary). . Contain the incident and control it with minimum damages. . Identify the persons affected. . To provide information to Police Administration and Ministry of Labor as the case may be. . Preserve relevant records, photographs, documents and equipment needed as evidence in any subsequent inquiry. . Rehabilitate the affected areas. . Manage the environmental impacts suffered or likely to cause any impact as a result of any incidents such as oil spillages etc. . Maintain records of site employees, visitors and suppliers for identification. . Ensure adequate steps are available in the system to cater for handling of site emergencies and the same is practiced, reviewed and updated at regular intervals. 7.6.5. Awareness Generation for Hospital Safety • The first step towards making hospitals safe is to create awareness among various stakeholders about the need to have safe hospitals, what it entails and actions that can be undertaken. • All awareness generation activities for hospital safety shall aim at sensitizing the key stakeholders and community on the need for disaster management in health facilities and to achieve the overall aim of protecting the lives of patients and health workers by ensuring the structural resilience of health facilities as well as improving the risk reduction capacity of health workers and institutions. • The key objectives of awareness generation activities for Hospital Safety shall be: • Spreading awareness on protecting critical health facilities from disasters by including risk reduction in the design and construction of all new health facilities, and by reducing vulnerability in existing health facilities through structural and nonstructural measures. • Sensitizing the health workforce in hospitals as they are central to identifying potential health risks from natural hazards and promoting personal and community risk reduction measures • The following topics to target groups to be provided for awareness:
Target Groups Training topics to be covered Hospital Management Sensitization on the need for hospital safety Awareness on vulnerability/risks Awareness on structural safety/retrofitting/hazard resistant construction Awareness on nonstructural safety measures Awareness on Fire Safety Awareness on training needs of health professionals Awareness on preparation of Hospital Disaster Management Plan Awareness on various regulations on hospital Safety Audits
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Medical Professionals Sensitization on need for hospital safety (Doctors, Nurses) and Awareness sessions on Search & Rescue, First-aid, trauma Paramedical Staff counseling Purpose of DM plans Mock drills Knowledge on various exit routes, Emergency numbers Use of Fire Extinguishers Awareness on different types of training as required for the medical professionals and paramedic staffs Students (Medical / Sensitization on need for hospital safety Nursing College) Importance of Safe Structures Awareness on basic lifesaving skills Basic Dos and Don’ts during disasters
7.6.6. Preparedness and Response Hospital Incident Response System (HIRS) shall be formed with table top exercise and drill and integrated into practice, update/revised and tested.
The roles and responsibilities of individuals shall be clearly defined: Medical Superintendent The Medical Superintendent is responsible for ensuring that disaster management plan and procedures are adhered to and operating effectively. He will provide basic infrastructure support for fulfillment of DMP. He will be supported by Administration (Emergency Coordinator), and Disaster Response Team. Administration In-charge
. He will be in-charge of base relief station / emergency control room. All the emergency coordination inside and outside premises shall be done by him. He will be responsible for ensuring emergency management and all requirements as mentioned in DMP. . Reach to place of emergency and keep in touch with head of respective emergency response team. . Stay in touch with Safety and fire emergency coordinator, plan for restrict fire in limited area. . Makes sure that Safety & fire emergency coordinator is in touch with him to ensure that outside source Fire Brigade is called (if required). . Inform Medical superintendent about incident and further guidance. . Insure affected area is isolated. . Be in touch with the Fire & Safety / Environmental emergency response team for requirement of Medical emergency response team for requirement of equipments to support response team. . He will be only authorized official spokesman to deal with external agencies (Government, media, public, NGO’s etc). . He will liaison with district level Disaster Management Cell, Police, Fire Station for their services.
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7.6.7. Disaster Response Team (Head) There will be three groups of Disaster Response Team: Fire and Safety Response Team Environmental Response Team Medical Response Team
The role and responsibilities are as follows: Identify the key risk zones; provide advice and assistant to Administration In-charge on Disaster Management Plan; Conduct emergency drills to identify and revise DMP as per needs; In case of disaster assist Administration In-charge, security contractor to evacuate medical staff, patient and visitors. 7.6.8. Line Management The line management is specifically responsible for: Ensuring their staff are aware of and adhere to Disaster Management Plan 7.6.9. Mitigation Plans Pre- disaster planning consists of activities such as disaster mitigation and disaster preparedness. Disaster mitigation focuses on the hazard that causes the disaster and tries to eliminate or drastically reduce its direct effects. The best example of mitigation is the construction of proper drainage system in flood prone areas to avoid floods. The other example includes earthquake resistant building structure or retrofitting of weak buildings to make them earthquake resistant. And preparedness focuses on plans to respond to a disaster threat or occurrence. It takes into account an estimation of emergency needs and identifies the resources to meet the needs. The first objective of the preparedness is to reduce the disaster impact through appropriate actions and improve the capacity of those who are likely to be affected most. The second is to ensure that ongoing development continues to improve the capacities and capabilities of the system to strengthen preparedness efforts at community level.
7.6.10. Specific Disaster Mitigation Measures 7.6.10.1. Earthquakes Project site falls under earthquake zone-IV so following mitigation measures should be taken to reduce the impact of earthquake: - . Adoption and enforcement of building codes for new construction in various areas. (NBC- 2016), IS: 1893 (Part1) – 2016, IS: 4326-2013 . Public utility buildings must be located in stable areas or in consolidated soil. . Retrofitting of weak structures. . Relocation of people settling in the steep slope areas and near the river bank to avoid secondary effects viz. floods, landslides, etc. . Life line buildings to be made seismic sound
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7.6.10.2. Flood Mitigation
Flood mitigation refers to the measures aimed at prevention and preparedness. It reduces the actual or probable impact of floods on the people and their environment. The site falls in Trans Yamuna basin, which required is a system of adjustment with floods, so that the people experience minimum of disruption and damages. The objective of flood mitigation is to control changes in the volume of run-off, peak stage of the flood, time of rise and duration of floodwaters, and location of flooding. The measures are:
. Construction of drainage system . Diversion of flood water . Preservation of natural water-bodies
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Chapter-8. Project Benefits
Good health is a pre-requisite for human productivity and developmental process. It is essential for economic and technological development. Health is a common theme in most cultures. In fact, the concept of health is found as a part of cultures of all communities. Among definitions still used, probably the oldest is that ‘health is the absence of disease’. In some cultures, health and harmony are considered equivalent. The Pradhan Mantri Swasthya Suraksha Yojna (PMSSY) was launched with the objective of creation of capacity in medical education, research and clinical care in the under sewed areas of the country. This section includes the benefits accruing to the locality, neighborhood, region and nation as a whole. It aims at bringing out the details of benefits of developing the project. Due to the proposed project the revenue of the local municipal will increase because of permission and municipal taxes, sales taxes etc. The business like super markets, provisional stores, medical shops, hotels, etc will come up to cater the needs of the customers which will benefit existing areas Social Benefit - Improvement in the social infrastructure like roads, railways, housing, water supply, electrical power, drainage etc.: Development of total infrastructure with all the amenities with development, providing road transportation facilities near the site Environmental benefits – Use of renewable energy to reduce power consumption load of region, developing greenbelt to enhance aesthetic view as well as cater air pollution, Provision of rainwater collection structure reduces fresh water demand from other sources, Providing STP and ETP to treat wastewater and reuse and recycle within the premises. Employment potential skilled: semi-skilled and unskilled labour both during construction and operational phases of the project Financial benefit- The main advantage of the construction sector is direct employment generation Absorbs rural labour and unskilled workers (in addition to semi-skilled and some skilled) Provides opportunity for seasonal employment thereby supplementing workers income from farming and Permits large-scale participation of women workers both during construction and operation phase
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Chapter-9. Environmental Management Plan
9.1. Environment Management Plan during Construction and Operational stage An Environment Management Plan has been developed following the identification of impacts and mitigation measures. The mitigation measures suggested will be as according to the monitoring schedule The EMP includes the following: . Mitigations suggested for adverse environmental impacts and associated risks; . Personnel responsible for implementing the mitigation measures at various stages of the project; The environmental impacts and mitigation measures suggested for various environmental components for the construction and operation phase of the project are provided in below tables 9.1 & 9.2
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Table 9-1: Environment Management Plan- Construction Phase S COMPONENT IMPACT IDENTIFIED SUGGESTED MITIGATION MEASURES RESPONSIBILITY No. 1 Soil Quality& Topography of the area will Proper routing and adequate capacity Project Environment change, results in lesser of storm water channels to be provided. Management Team infiltration and thereby Regular cleaning and maintenance of increased runoff. storm water channel to be done. Contamination of land due to Ensure all construction equipments are spillage or leakages of fuel form in good condition, no leakages construction equipment’s. observed. Use secondary containment for storage of fuel and other hydrocarbon. Manual refueling of equipments shall be Washout of concrete form avoided, use hand pump for barrels or transit mixtures. diesel bowsers. Spillage of concrete Concrete washouts shall be done in admixtures, shuttering oil. designated areas only. Discharge of sewage onto land Provide secondary containment, / open defecation. always keep lid closed. Sewage shall be discharged into municipal drains only. Toilets shall be provided with septic tank and soak pits. Regular cleaning of septic tanks to be ensued. Sensitization of labors to be done for waste collection, no open defecation. Soil Quality Monitoring to be conducted for checking EMP and analysis of results obtained to prepare improvement management plan, if required. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Page 121 of 144
2 Ambient Air Quality Dust emission from backfilling The whole site is covered with GI Project work, equipment movement, sheets in order to contain the dust Management Team construction and demolition within project site works, equipment exhausts. All hauling trucks with earth or other Improper handling and storage construction material from which dust of construction materials. emission is possible shall be covered with suitable material. All equipment shall possess pollution under control certificate and follow designated traffic routes with speed limits. Adequate water sprinkling shall be done especially in unpaved roads or from where dust emission is possible. Earth for backfilling shall be leveled and compacted. Stock pile height of materials to be reduced so fugitive dust Exhaust from DG Sets emission will be reduced or cover stock piles. Drop height of materials shall be Burning of rubbish material at reduced or done in enclosed system as site. chute. DG sets shall be used only as power backup. Stack height of the same shall be as per Pollution Control Board Guidelines. No burning is allowed on site.
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Ambient Air Quality Monitoring to be conducted for checking EMP and analysis of results obtained to prepare improvement management plan, if required. 3 Ambient Noise Noise due to operation of heavy All construction equipment must equip Project Quality construction equipments, with exhaust muffler silencer. Selection Management Team movement of vehicles. of equipments or process shall be taken in consideration with noise generation. Noise barrier shall be provided between the activities and receptors. Limitation of activities during night work activities based on generation of noise generation in activities. Preventive and scheduled maintenance of plant and equipments. Provision of acoustic enclosures for high noise generating equipments. Ambient Noise Quality Monitoring to be conducted for checking EMP and analysis of results obtained to prepare improvement management plan, if required. 4 Water Quality Water extraction for No ground water or surface water shall Project (Surface and Ground construction activities. be extracted from site area. Demand Management Team Water) will be fulfilled by using water tankers from authorized agency.
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Curing compound shall be used to reduce usage of water for curing. Rainwater harvesting tanks to be Contaminants seepage or prepared for usage of water in runoff into ground water or construction activity. surface water bodies. Secondary containment shall be provided for storage of chemicals and hydrocarbons. Regular cleaning of secondary containment to be done and Discharge of sewage into water weather protection shed shall be bodies. provided so overflowing of secondary containment shall be avoided. Sewage shall be discharged into Sediment runoff municipal drains only. Adequate number of toilets and urinals shall be provided with septic tank and soak pits. Regular cleaning of septic tanks to be ensued. Area shall be properly graded and compacted. Soil erosion preventive measures shall be taken place. Silt traps to be provided between storm water drains. Stockpiles to be covered so storm water will not erode material. Water Quality Monitoring to be conducted for checking EMP and analysis of results obtained to prepare
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improvement management plan, if required. 5 Ecology Clearing of vegetation included Loss of vegetation would be Project shrubs, trees on the site will compensated by the greenbelt Management Team involve removal of local floral development, which should be initiated and faunal species found on the while construction is being done, site. however try to retain maximum no of trees. Plantation of local species will provide again habitat and food to fauna of that locality. Ecological Monitoring to be conducted for checking EMP and analysis of results obtained to prepare improvement management plan, if required. 6 Resources Consumption of natural Backfilling of earth will be done after Project resources for construction removing and storing separately of top Management Team activity as sand, aggregate, soil (upper 30 cm). wood, water etc. Usage of metal formwork shall be used at maximum to reduce usage of wooden material. Rainwater harvesting tanks to be prepared to reduce demand on ground/surface water. Use fly ash in concrete production. Waste concrete / left over concrete shall be used for making paver blocks.
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Connection from state electricity board to be taken for construction activities and usage of DG sets to be only for power back-up. 7 Traffic and Transport Condition of roads may Damaged roads shall be repaired on Project deteriorate regular basis. Management Team Disruption of traffic is Construction vehicles will be allowed to anticipated on connecting move in the site through exclusive entry roads and exit points where flagman will help in maintaining traffic movement. Always give priority to commuter vehicles on construction vehicles. Defensive driving training will be given to driver and operators. Maximum transportation will be done at non-peak hours. 8 Occupational Health Health issues of workers Occupational Health Surveillance Project & Safety program for the employees and other Management Team labour will be done in accordance with - The Building and Other Construction Workers (Regulation of Employment and Conditions of Service) Assam Rules, 2007. Provision of labour camp, rest shed, drinking water facilities, toilets and urinals shall be provided and Injury or illness maintained for good hygienic conditions.
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First aid facility with ambulance shall be provided for employees and labours. HSE Induction of all employees and labours shall be carried, work specific trainings shall be provided. Daily tool box talks shall be carried out before start of work activity and HIRA talks will be carried out by supervisor to discuss hazards in ongoing work activities and its mitigation measures. PPE’s will be provided as per work to be carried out. Barricades, fall protection measures, electrical safety (LOTO), segregation of pedestrian from equipment zones, Housekeeping shall be carried out on day to day basis. Safety signage and Do’s and don’ts in local language and pictorial forms shall be provided for awareness.
Table 9-2 : Environment Management plan- Operational stage S COMPONENT IMPACT IDENTIFIED SUGGESTED MITIGATION MEASURES RESPONSIBILITY No. 1 Ambient Air Quality Emission from DG sets used for Adequate stack height will be Hospital power backup maintained to disperse the air pollutants Administration generated from the operation of DG set to dilute the pollutants concentration
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within the immediate vicinity. As per Emissions from increase in guidelines by CPCB. traffic volume Internal road are designed as per projected traffic density and segregation of various types of movement as utilities, emergency. Thus traffic congestion will not there and no increase in vehicular emission. Green belt development all along the periphery and avenue plantation is proposed to reduce the impact of vehicular emission. Signage will be provided for traffic movement. All administration controlled vehicles will have PUC certificate. Ambient Air Quality Monitoring to be conducted for checking EMP and analysis of results obtained to prepare improvement management plan, if required. 2 Ambient Noise Noise due to other facilities Noise barriers shall be provided along Hospital Quality around the periphery. the periphery if it cannot be reduced by Administration Green belt development. Movement of vehicles Provide signage for “no horn” inside and outside roads of the hospital premises.
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Vehicle movement shall be restricted to Noise due to operation of parking area only and will not be driven equipments close to critical functional areas where patients will be disturbed. DG set shall be fitted with acoustic enclosure; noise generating operations are located in isolation. Ambient Noise Quality Monitoring to be conducted for checking EMP and analysis of results obtained to prepare improvement management plan, if required. 3 Soil Quality Contamination of land by waste All waste collection area shall be made Hospital leachate, hydrocarbons, septic of impermeable surface with bund and Administration water pit, so contaminant will not enter soil and damage it. Hydrocarbon storage area shall be also provided with secondary containment and spill kits. Regular maintenance of ETP, STP and mains shall be carried out to avoid choking or breakdown of plants. 4 Water Resource and Ground water extraction will be Water consumption will be minimized Hospital Quality done, if unavoidable but after by a combination of water saving Administration obtaining proper permission devices as double flushing mechanism. from CGWB Use of water efficient fixtures with orifice disk to reduce the flow of water.
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Recycling of wastewater and usage for water requirements for flushing, cooling tower, and gardening. Leakage detection and repairs. Providing signage for awareness. Conservation, an awareness programme will be introduced for the employees, students and residents. Landscaping-Plants with similar water requirements shall be grouped on common zones to match precipitation heads and emitters. Storage tank for rainwater harvesting shall be proposed. Use of low-volume, low-angle sprinklers for lawn areas. Select controllers with adjustable watering schedules and moisture sensors to account for seasonal variations, and calibrate them during commissioning. Selecting a drought resistant grass, and using lawn chemicals and fertilizer sparingly also reduces watering needs. Place 3 to 5 in. of mulch on planting beds to minimize evaporation. Analysis of treated wastewater shall be conducted for monitoring and analysis
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purpose. If required, prepare improvement plans for same. 5 Ecology Loss of flora and fauna Plantation of local species will provide Hospital again habitat and food to fauna of that Administration locality.Green belt development and avenue plantation will improve ecological factors of the area. Water body shall be developed which will preserve local ecological factors in the area. 6 Socio Economic Employment opportunities will Direct and indirect employment will Hospital increase in the locality. increase due to this project to cater the Administration demand in operation phase. Improvement in health and After operational phase, nearby district medical facilities persons has not to go long distance to get specialist and world class healthcare facilities. It will be available close to them.
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9.2. EMP Budget S.No. EMP Details Remarks Capital Cost Operating Cost (INR) /annum CONSTRUCTION PHASE 1 Environment As per requirements of EC and 5,00,000 monitoring during Consent to Establish construction 2 Sheet Barrier for Noise Incorporated into Construction 1,00,000 12,500 reduction contractors scope 3 Portable Toilets for Either rented or procured 25- 50,000 workers 30,000/unit 4 Waste Management for Incorporated into Construction 45,000 7,000 Labour Rest room contractors scope 5 Dust Control During moderate operation 1,80,000 levels about 5-10 tankers (10m3) of water will be required on daily basis per package, depending on the season of the year. Total 7,49,500 OPERATIONAL PHASE 6 Rainwater Harvesting Integrated in the project cost 7,00,000 7 Acoustic Enclosures for 40,000 high noise generating equipment 8 Sewage+ Effluent Integrated in the project cost 8,00,000 2,00,000 Treatment Plant 9 Air Pollution Monitoring As per requirements of EC and 1-2 Crores 2,50,000 Consent to Operate 10 Noise Monitoring As per requirements of EC and 1,25,000 Consent to Operate 11 Solid Waste Integrated in the project cost 1,00,000 Management 12 Horticulture and Integrated in the project cost 6,00,000 landscaping 13 EHS management Environment Cell 3,00,00 team 14 Internal Traffic Signage/ signals/ monitoring 1,00,000 Management TOTAL 21,45,000
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Chapter-10. Summary and conclusion
10.1. Project Description
• This is a 2,568 Bedded (881 Existing + 1,687 Proposed) Government hospital. GTB Hospital is the prestigious and largest Hospital of Govt of NCT of Delhi in the Trans-Yamuna Area (East Delhi).It is a teaching hospital associated with the University College of Medical Science, University of Delhi and, therefore, also serves as a training center for undergraduate and post- graduate medical students. The hospital is providing health care facilities to the needy population of East Delhi and adjoining areas of other states with an average daily OPD attendance of about 4000 patients. The hospital is equipped with Round the clock emergency service in common clinical disciplines. Neurosurgery facilities for road side accident and other trauma victims. Burn care facilities. Thalassemia day care center, CT-Scan, Hemo-dialysis and peritoneal dialysis. 10.1.1. Population and Employment
It is anticipated that construction will be completed in 4-5 years and during this phase employment generation will be approx. 300-350 persons, which includes skilled, semi-skilled, unskilled workers, technician, engineer, supervisor, contractor, civil engineer, architects etc..
10.1.2. Water and Wastewater Management
It is expected that during construction phase, approximately 15.75 KLD (for about 350 labourers) of sewage will be generated. The sewage generated from the portable toilets will be vacuum-collected and emptied into the main sewerage system of the area. Soak pits will provide at the construction areas to absorb wash waters and other domestic waste water.
The total water quantity used during the construction phase like watering for sub-grade stabilization, dust control, water line testing and cleaning, use by onsite resident construction labours as well as embodied water of materials used in building construction. The wastewater shall be treated by MBR technology and will be used for flushing for horticulture. Surplus treated water shall be piped by PWD to the ongoing construction. To recharge the groundwater, modular rainwater harvesting pits are proposed within the site.
Power The power demand is calculated after considering the different types of needs for heating, lighting, and cooling facilities/ requirements for different land uses and power assumptions. As per preliminary calculations, total electrical demand load for entire project is estimated as 8,200 kVA. The project shall receive power supply from BSES through dual feeder, EHT from the nearby EHV substation as per information received.11/0.433 KV substations will be installed 5 Nos. of D.G. sets (5,320 kVA).
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10.1.3. Solid Waste Management
During the construction stage, type of the waste generated from the site is mainly C&D waste along with domestic waste. approx. 2,500 m3 C&D waste will be generated at site. C&D waste shall be mainly comprises of Concrete, RCC, brick work, flooring, and water supply pipes, sanitary installation, pipes with fittings and fixtures. C&D Waste recycling plant shall be placed in the project site, PWD shall target it with a mandate of ZERO Waste. Waste likely to be generated from the site during operational phase mainly will be domestic and bio medical (hazardous and non-hazardous) in nature. Each source will have different characteristics of waste. With the objectives of maximum recovery of useful material and optimization of waste recycling, the waste expected to be generated in the project, is broadly classified into the following categories
1. Biodegradable waste; 2. Recyclables; and 3. Inert & Others 10.1.4. Proposed Transportation Infrastructure
The site is surrounded by well-designed transport facilities from three directions the site is adjacent to Tahirpur road and GTB road in proximity.
10.2. Baseline Environment
The baseline environmental status for project area and the study area extending up to 10 kms from the project site boundary has been assessed using primary data collection and secondary data review. One season primary monitoring was carried out during study period 15th September 2018- 15th December, 2018. The baseline data generation included site visits, primary environmental monitoring, ecological surveys, social surveys and interviews, processing of satellite imagery and secondary data review from established sources such as Indian Meteorological Department, Census of India etc. The details given below:
10.2.1. Topography The project area has a flat terrain and comprises of medical facility land use. Project site comes in east part of Delhi. The average plain elevation of the district is about 209mtrs – 216 meters above mean sea level. The project site has minimal variations in contour levels with the present topography depicting the drainage towards the Yamuna River which is around 5.8 km from the site.
10.2.2. Physiography and Drainage The Territory consists of four major physiographic zones namely a. Flood plains of the Yamuna basin, b. Aravalli ridge c. Piedmopt plains and d. Undulating to level plains of the Aravalli alluvium.
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Flood plain consists of (a) Flood plain with recent river deposits, (b) Lower alluvial plain and (c) Upper alluvial plain.
Drainage has two aspects – flood protection and storm water discharge, which are interrelated. The storm water and flood protection in Delhi are not local but have regional bearing including areas of Haryana and Rajasthan. From drainage point of view Delhi can be divided in three major natural drainage basin which are (i) Barapullah natural drain (ii) Nazafgarh Natural drain and (iii) Trans Yamuna natural drain
Project site falls in trans Yamuna natural drain, Site falls in Shahdara Basin area, is located on the eastern bank of river Yamuna and bound by river Yamuna on the west, Hindon on the east and UP on north and south. Shahdara basin is below the high flood level of Yamuna and rise of water level in Yamuna causes problem of water logging. Marginal embankments (Shahdara Marginal bund and left marginal bunds) were constructed in 1955 -56 to protect the area from flooding. Earlier most of the run off from North of GT Road used to be pumped into Yamuna during average flood stage and failure of pumps used to result in flooding. Modified drainage system with arterial drains No. I & II were constructed to improve the situation. Drain No. 1 starts from North of arterial highway and drain No. II starts from North of GT Road near UP Border. Later Drain NO. I & II join and the combined drains run parallel to Hindon cut canal and then fall into river Yamuna down stream of new Okhla Barrage. The maximum elevation of the surface in the center of the basin is 259 meters above the mean sea level, There are 201 natural drains in three major basins of NCT of Delhi. The study area lies in Trans Yamuna natural drain system having 34 sub natural drains. The final disposal of majority of the storm water generated from NCT of Delhi is into river Yamuna through outfall points distributed across various sites along its course through Delhi.
As per the seismic zoning map of India (IS: 1893, Part-1, 2002), the project site is located in the Zone IV, classified as MSK VIII i.e., area having high damage risk zone. The design of all the proposed facilities in the project will take into account the required seismic resistance.
10.2.3. Climate and Meteorology The climate of the region is semi-arid type. The area is located in the 'monsoon trough' and experiences 'monsoon depression', which are characterized by heavy rainfall events. There are three well defined seasons. The cold season begins in November and extends to the middle of March. Winters are usually very cold and icy winds are a common feature. The temperature in winter is usually between 7.30C to 28.2°C. The hot season extends from the end of March to the end of June. Dust storms are common during summers. The temperature in summer goes as high as 41.2°C.
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The rainy season begins in early July and continues up to September. The relative humidity is highest during the month of July when it goes up to 69%. Delhi receives about 80% of its annual rainfall during the south-west monsoon period between July and September.
About 15% of the rainfall is received during the winter season from December to March. The average annual rainfall is 617 mm. The rainfall in the area is generally erratic in aerial distribution and intensity of rain varies from place to place and also from year to year.
The predominant wind direction in May (during hot & dry condition) is North-West and in June & July (during monsoon season) the predominant wind direction is from Southeast
10.2.4. Ambient Air Quality ThePM10 concentration recorded at all the five sampling locations exceeds the limits of prescribed
3 CPCB limits of 100μg/m . High values of PM10 recorded can be attributed to then prevailing smog in Delhi due to burning of residual crops in parts of Haryana and Punjab which might have accumulated due to low winds and low temperatures. Additional Particulate Matter is supplemented by smoke generated from firecrackers during occasion of Diwali festival, 2018.
Dust fall: Dust fall is the rate at which dust is deposited from the air on a horizontal surface. It is calculated by dividing the weight of material (soluble / insoluble) collected in the container (in mg) by the cross-sectional area of the container (m2) and the number of days over which the sample was taken. Dust fall collected at the monitored locations falls in range of 1130 to 1453 mg/m²/day.
Sulphur dioxide: The concentrations of sulphur dioxide in the region were observed to be in the range of 11.2 μg/m3to 25.5 μg/m3. All the values were observed to be within the prescribed limit by CPCB.
3 NOx: The concentrations of Nox in the region were observed to be in the range of 24.8 μg/m to 66.5 μg/m3. All the values were observed to be within the prescribed limit by CPCB, The NOx concentrations were within the prescribe norms of 80 μg/m3 as per NAAQS guidelines also
Carbon monoxide: The concentrations of carbon monoxide in the region were observed to be in the range of 0.7mg/m3to 2.8 mg/m3.The CO concentrations were within the prescribe norms of 4 mg /m3as per NAAQS guidelines
10.2.5. Water Resources and Quality Delhi Jal Board (DJB) is the Water Utility department responsible for all water treatment and distribution (including sewage collection and treatment). DJB water resources come mainly from three rivers i.e. Yamuna, Bhakra and Ganga River. Raw water is being made available to Delhi from Ganga River (240 MGD), Yamuna River (310 MGD), and Bhakhra Beas Management Board (140
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MGD). About 115MGD of ground water is being explored through Rainey Wells and Tube Wells of Delhi Jal Board. Project site comes under okhla water supply system which is having ranney wells on Yamuna river bed as raw water source having installed capacity of WTP is 12 MGD/day.
The ground water availability in the territory is controlled by the hydro geological situation characterized by occurrence of alluvial formation and quartzite hard rocks. The NCT Delhi can be divided into following distinct hydro geological units: Newer Alluvium - Yamuna flood plain deposits, Older Alluvium - Eastern and western sides of the ridge, Older Alluvium - Isolated and nearly closed Chattarpur alluvial basin and Quartzitic Formation - NNE-SSW trending Quartzitic Ridge
According to Central Ground Water Board, the net annual ground water availability of nine districts of NCT Delhi sub-region is 0.28 BCM. The total annual estimated ground water extraction is of the order of 0.48 BCM. The annual ground water extraction & use is highest in the South-West district.
The surface water sample was collected from Yamuna upstream (SW-1) where the Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) levels were found to be very high. Total coliforms were found to be present more than 161 per 100ml which is more than 1600. Also, concentration of boron in water sample collected is also high.
Based on above analysis, the quality of Surface water samples collected from Yamuna river can be classified as Class “E” of CPCB standards which is categorized as ‘Irrigation, Industrial Cooling, Controlled Waste disposal.
Water sample collected from Yamuna downstream also has a very high BoD. Total Coliform in the sample was observed to be more than 1600 and Boron is observed to of 0.23 mg/litre in concentration. Hence, SW-2 falls under category E as per CPCB standards
Ground Water results showed: High levels of Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) and alkalinity were found in the water samples collected from all the locations. The Alkalinity of ground water exceeded the desirable limit of 200 mg/l at all locations. However, it was within the permissible limit of 600 mg/l; The total dissolved solids (1002-2400 mg/l), total hardness levels (361-950 mg/l) exceeded the respective desirable limits at all ground water sampling locations;
10.2.6. Ambient Noise Levels Noise levels during day time were observed to be in the range of 71.1 to 86.6 dB (A). The maximum noise level was in industrial area.
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10.2.7. Soil Quality At project site and within its 10km radius, soil is found to be Sandy loam. The Sand percentage observed in the soil ranged from 65.9% to 87.3%, silt 1.5% to 17.7 % and clay 10.9 to 16.4%. Water holding capacity ranges from 42.14 to 48.52% at all soil quality monitoring locations.
10.2.8. Ecological Environment The ecological assessment carried out within the area delineated as the project site as well as the area extending 10 km outwards from the boundary of this project site. The avifaunal profile recorded in the quadrat studies is dominated by birds associated with open scrub such as Grey Francolin, Green Bee-eater, Laughing Dove, Long-tailed Shrike, Indian Jungle Crow, Black Drongo, Indian Robin, Common Stonechat, Brahminy Starling, Common Babbler, Ashy-crowned Sparrow Lark and Rufous-tailed Lark. Woody and non-woody species of plant were recorded in the quadrat studies, which included Azadirachtaindica, Cannabis sativa, Pongamiapinnata, Achyranthes asper, Croton bonplandianus, Partheniumhysterophorus. Woody and non-woody species of plant were recorded in the quadrat studies, which included Azadirachta indica, Cannabis sativa, Pongamiapinnata, Achyranthes asper, Croton bonplandianus, Parthenium hysterophorus.
10.2.9. Social Environment Dilshad Garden is situated in the North East District of Delhi, North East Delhi had population of 2,241,624 of which male and female were 1,188,425 and 1,053,199 respectively. In 2001 census, North East Delhi had a population of 1,768,061 of which males were 956,078 and remaining 811,983 were females. The Sex Ratio of North East District is 886. Thus for every 1000 men there were 886 females in North East District. Also as per Census 2011, the Child Sex Ration was 898 which is greater than Average Sex Ratio (877) of North East District. As per Census 2011, there are total 137,677 families under North East District living in urban areas while 137,677 families are living within rural areas. Thus around 100% of total population of North East District lives in urban areas while 0% lives under rural areas. Population of children (0 - 6 years) in urban region is 66,230 while that in rural region is 0. In North East District out of total population, 232,196 were engaged in work activities. 93.9% of workers describe their work as Main Work (Employment or Earning more than 6 Months) while 6.1% were involved in Marginal activity providing livelihood for less than 6 months. Of 232,196 workers engaged in Main Work, 477 were cultivators (owner or co-owner) while 1,056 were Agricultural labourer.
10.3. Impacts Assessment and Mitigation Measures
10.3.1. Construction phase: Impact and mitigation measures Air Quality: During the construction phase, the major pollutant of concern will be particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5).The dust emissions will vary substantially from day to day based on the level of
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activity, the specific operations and the prevalent meteorological conditions. The construction activities will involve: PM emissions from demolition as well as excavation activities; NOx, SO2 and CO emissions due to operation of construction equipment’s, machinery and vehicular movement, PM, NOx, SO2 and CO emissions from operation of Diesel generator set. Dust Control Measures including wet suppression to disturbed surface areas on a daily basis especially during dry and windy days, downwash of trucks (especially tyres) to be done prior to departure from site to reduce the mud and dirt carryout. The overall impact is assessed to be moderate, however with the implementation of mitigation measures the impact can be contained with minor residual impacts.
Noise Quality: During the construction phase of the site, the sources of noise pollution are expected mainly from construction equipment and machinery engaged for construction activities (such as excavation, grading, erecting equipment, piling, etc) such as air compressors, backhoe, concrete mixer, concrete mixer, cranes, dump-truck, pile driver, radial arm saw, DG set etc. The operation of heavy equipment is likely to temporarily increase the ambient noise levels of the area. An increase of 1 to 3 dB (A) noise levels of is expected in the adjoining area during day time during peak construction activities. The potential impacts include noise disturbance to the local population, workers working close to high noise area can be exposed to occupational hazards of noise depending on the duration of exposure. The suggested mitigation measures include provision of rubber padding in the construction machinery for vibration control, regular maintenance of its vehicles and repair of its equipment/ machinery, provision of plugs/ ear muffs to the construction workers working near high noise generation.
Water Quality: The potential impact on water resources and quality from the construction phase of the project arises from: Water usage, Sediment run off from construction area and unplanned disposal of sewage from construction camps. It is expected that during construction phase there will be generation of sewage from portable toilets. About 12.6 m3/day of sewage is expected to be generated due to working of approx.350 labours at the construction camp site. Improper disposal of sewage can also lead to contamination of nearby water sources. Mitigation measures include prevention of runoff from stockpiles generated during excavation, garland drains to be constructed, segregation and pre-treatment of oil and grease containing effluents from machinery (e.g. use of a grease trap)shall be undertaken prior to discharge into sewer systems, silt fencing to be provided to protect the water quality in the nearby water bodies from sediments.
Soil Resources: The potential impacts on soil due to construction activities are from installation of heavy construction machinery causing soil compaction, soil contamination, soil erosion, waste management.
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Ecology: Generally the main ecological impacts during the construction phase of any project result from removal of the present vegetation cover, alteration of the existing topography, and other environmental facets like air, water and soil quality, ambient noise and vibrations etc. The natural vegetation of the project area, as described in the ecological baseline report, directly acts as a habitat for various animals, mainly small terrestrial mammals, birds and reptiles. It indirectly creates microhabitats for many smaller animals such as earthworms, snails, beetles and butterflies by creating shade, retaining soil moisture and stabilizing soil around the rooting-zone. Removal of the vegetation will thus may result in loss of such faunal habitats. This impact can be mitigated by selectively removing only the most obstructive trees and shrubs, post-construction restoration of ground-cover wherever feasible, and compensatory in-situ plantation of native species. 10.3.2. Operation phase: impacts and mitigation measures The environmental and social impacts associated with operation phase of the proposed project. Ambient Air Quality: The major impacts on ambient air could be due to vehicular emissions from increase in traffic volume and emission from power backup/ DG sets. It is proposed that power will be mainly supplied from the State Electricity supply; however scenarios of power failures are expected during operation phase of the project. Diesel generator sets have been proposed to provide the power back up for the proposed facility. Water Resource and Quality: The project will use water from the allocated underground reservoirs of Delhi Jal Board to meet the requirement for project as per Delhi Master Plan 2021.No ground water usage will be made for any of the activities. The recycled water will be used for the non-potable water requirements of the region such as flushing and DG cooling requirements. The use of treated wastewater to meet the water requirements for the project shall reduce the stress on the water resources in the region. The entire treated wastewater shall be reused and there will be no discharge of untreated sewage on land or in any surface water body. With the project proposing to implement the rainwater harvesting for the ground water recharge, conservation through awareness programs to bring about greater water efficiency, and reuse of treated wastewater on the proposed site during operation of the project for use in horticulture and other auxiliary purpose, the impact on water resources would be minimized. Ecology: The main ecological impacts during the operational phase are likely to be in the form of the reduction of the erstwhile habitat area available to the local flora and fauna occurring within and around the project site. This impact can be best mitigated by developing and maintaining green buffers around the facility and planting of trees in designated recreation zones in the area. The effectiveness of such plantations could be further enhanced by opting to use native species of trees, shrubs, climbers and herbs, as far as possible.
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Noise Quality: The proposed development will involve activities that will generate noise, such as vehicular traffic due to development of the project, which will increase the noise level at intersections and highways. Traffic and Transportation: The proposed road circulation shall provide for safe, convenient, and efficient movement of people and goods integrated into a motorized and non-motorized transport system. The project management team shall ensure and verify that all roads are constructed as per the master plan design.
Solid Waste Generation: The project will generate approximately 7-8 tonnes of solid waste per day during operational stage. The potential impacts associated with disposal of solid waste include- inadequate collection and treatment of solid waste which can lead to unhygienic conditions leading to spread of diseases and other vectors, odour nuisance, clog drains due to silt deposits. Socio Economic: There will be positive impact from increased employment opportunities. Improvement in infrastructure, increased income levels is also envisaged.
10.4. Environment Management and Monitoring Plan
The Environment Management Plan with the mitigation measures and management strategies for construction and operation phases of the proposed project has been prepared which shall be implemented by project management team through its designated officers. The EMP includes the mitigations suggested for adverse environmental and social impacts and associated risks and also the personnel responsible for implementing the mitigation measures at various stages of the project
To ensure the effective implementation of the Environmental Management Plan (EMP), it is essential that an effective monitoring program should be designed and carried out. It provides basis for evaluating the efficiency of mitigation measures and suggest further actions that need to be taken to achieve the desired effect. Report provides details on the environmental parameters suggested to be periodically monitored along with their monitoring frequency. The Chapter also suggests the types of records to be maintained.
10.5. Conclusion
The EIA study has assessed the overall significance of environmental and social impacts likely to arise from the proposed development. It can be concluded from the impact matrix that the proposed project would have an overall positive impact. The associated potential adverse environmental impacts are mostly minimal and can be mitigated to an acceptable level by adequate implementation of the measures as stated in the Environmental Management Plan (EMP). After incorporation of
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environmental management plans, the environmental sustainability will be improved. Hence, the proposed project is a welcome development and may be accorded environmental clearance.
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Chapter-11. Disclosure of Consultants
10.1. Introduction of Consultant Amaltas Enviro Industrial Consultants LLP (AEC) Is an ISO 9001:2008, is certified company. It has been accredited by Quality Council of India (QCI / NABET) as an Environment Consultancy Organization approved by the Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change (MoEF&CC), Government of India, after meticulous inspections on various quality parameters in terms of Environmental Functional Areas (EFA) and available Infrastructural facilities as per prescribed standards and guidelines of the Ministry.
10.2. Disclosure of Consultant Engaged
Name and address of Amaltas Enviro Industrial Consultants ISO 9001:2008 the Consultant LLP (AEC) Certified, Registered Office at B-1/1244, Vasant Kunj, QCI-NABET New Delhi-110070 and Corporate Office at Accredited. 1104- Vikrant Tower, Rajendra Place, New Delhi-110008.
Project Name: Expansion of Guru Teg Bahadur Government Hospita/College at Dilshad Garden , Delhi 10.3. Accreditation from Quality Council of India, QCI
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Figure 11-1 : Accreditation from Quality Council of India, QCI 10.4. J.P. Test & Research Centre
J.P. test research Centre is a MoEF&CC recognized Environmental Laboratory. This is NABL accredited and provides sampling, monitoring and analysis of all environmental parameters such as Air Quality, Meteorology, Water Quality, Noise, Soil Quality and Traffic Monitoring. JP test house has been appointed by Amaltas for conducting baseline environmental monitoring including ambient air quality, meteorology, water quality, soil quality, noise monitoring on site.
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Figure 11-2- NABL Certificate PROJECT – EXPANSION OF GURU TEG BAHADUR GOVERNMENT HOSPITAL/ COLLEGE AT DILSHAD GARDEN, DELHI DEVELOPED BY- PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT, GOVT. OF NCT DELHI