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Plant Viruses and Viroids Released from the NIAS Genebank Project, Japan

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Plant Viruses and Viroids Released from the NIAS Genebank Project, Japan Microbiol. Cult. Coll. 2（1）：358 ─ 40, 2012 Plant viruses and viroids released from the NIAS Genebank Project, Japan Keisuke Tomioka*, Toyozo Sato, Kaoru Hanada, Fukuhiro Yamasaki, Toshirou Nagai, Hiroyuki Sawada, Masaru Takeya and Takayuki Aoki National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba 305-8602, Japan INTRODUCTION on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV), a committee of the The National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences Virology Division of the International Union of (NIAS), Japan, is implementing the NIAS Genebank Microbiology Societies (IUMS), with the task of Project for the conservation and promotion of agro- developing, refining and maintaining a universal biological genetic resources, which include plants, virus taxonomy (Carstens, 2010; Carstens & Ball, microorganisms, animals and DNA (excluding lum- 2009; Fauquet et al., 2005). As of February 2012, all ber and fisheries), to contribute to the development of the isolates of plant viruses and viroids released and utilization of agriculture and agricultural prod- from the project are from Japan, totaling 252 and 16, ucts (Nagai et al., 2005, 2006; Sato et al., 2004a, 2004b; respectively, including ICTV-unassigned species of Takeya et al., 2011). The collection of microorganism Butterbur mosaic virus, Amazon lily mild mottle genetic resources in the project mainly consists of virus, Citrus vein enation virus, Broad bean wilt fungi and bacteria in terms of number, but also virus, Tobacco necrosis virus and Citrus viroid origi- includes plant viruses and viroids. Plant viruses are nal source (Table 1). composed of DNA or RNA, normally wrapped in Five and two of the viral isolates are the double- coats of proteins. Viroids, the molecules of which are stranded DNA virus of Cauliflower mosaic virus less than one-tenth the size of the smallest viruses, belonging to Caulimovirus of Caulimoviridae and are a few hundred nucleobases of highly comple- the negative sense single-stranded RNA virus of mentary, circular, single-stranded RNA without the Tomato spotted wilt virus belonging to Tospovirus of coats of proteins that are typical for viruses. Both Bunyaviridae, respectively. The other 245 viral iso- plant viruses and viroids are pathogens causing lates are the positive sense single-stranded RNA plant diseases, and are economically important virus, and are divided into 67 species belonging to because many of them sometimes inflict catastrophic 25 genera of at least 10 families as follows: damages on the production of crops, vegetables, Alphaflexiviridae, Betaflexiviridae, Bromoviridae, flowers and so on in agriculture. Since 1985, the Closteroviridae, Luteoviridae, Potyviridae, project has also promoted research and preservation Secoviridae, Tombusviridae, Tymoviridae and of plant viruses and viroids as agrobiological genetic Virgaviridae. The genera of Benyvirus and resources. This is the largest such collection in Sobemovirus have not yet been categorized into Japan, and has established a reputation for originali- families by ICTV. The viroid isolates, which are the ty and preciousness as well as scale (Anonymous, unencapsidated single-stranded RNA viroid, are 2010, 2011). Here, we introduce plant viruses and divided into 9 species belonging to 4 genera of viroids released from the NIAS Genebank Project. Pospiviroidae. The viral families with the largest number of gen- CLASSIFICATION OF ISOLATES era are Bromoviridae (4 genera) and Secoviridae (4 Plant viruses and viroids in the NIAS Genebank genera). Those of species and isolates are Project have been classified based on their experi- Potyviridae (Potyvirus only/16 species/58 isolates) mental characterization in comparison with informa- and Virgaviridae (3 genera/9 species/62 isolates), tion such as reports of the International Committee respectively. The viral genus with the largest num- ber of species is Potyvirus of Potyviridae, and that of *Corresponding author isolates is Tobamovirus (7 species/58 isolates) of E-mail: [email protected] Virgaviridae. The viral species with the largest ─ 35 ─ Plant viruses and viroids in the NIAS Genebank Tomioka et al. Table 1 Classification of plant viruses and viroids released from the project (February 2012) — Viruses — NI (continued) NI Double-stranded DNA Secoviridae Caulimoviridae Comovirus Caulimovirus Radish mosaic virus 1 Cauliflower mosaic virus 5 Squash mosaic virus 1 Fabavirus Negative sense single-stranded RNA Broad bean wilt virusUN 1 Bunyaviridae Broad bean wilt virus 2 6 Tospovirus Gentian mosaic virus 1 Tomato spotted wilt virus 2 Nepovirus Arabis mosaic virus 2 Positive sense single-stranded RNA Cycas necrotic stunt virus 3 Alphaflexiviridae Mulberry ringspot virus 2 Potexvirus Tobacco ringspot virus 1 Alstroemeria virus X 1 Tomato ringspot virus 1 Asparagus virus 3 1 Sadwavirus Narcissus mosaic virus 1 Satsuma dwarf virus 1 Nerine virus X 1 Tombusviridae Potato virus X 4 Carmovirus Betaflexiviridae Carnation mottle virus 1 Capillovirus Melon necrotic spot virus 7 Apple stem grooving virus 1 Necrovirus Carlavirus Olive latent virus 1 2 Butterbur mosaic virusUN 1 Olive mild mosaic virus 1 Potato virus M 1 Tobacco necrosis virusUN 1 Potato virus S 1 Tombusvirus Vitivirus Grapevine Algerian latent virus 1 Grapevine virus A 3 Tymoviridae Grapevine virus B 2 Maculavirus Bromoviridae Grapevine fleck virus 1 Alfamovirus Virgaviridae Alfalfa mosaic virus 3 Hordeivirus Bromovirus Barley stripe mosaic virus 2 Amazon lily mild mottle virusUN 1 Tobamovirus Cucumovirus Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus 7 Cucumber mosaic virus 39 Kyuri green mottle mosaic virus 3 Peanut stunt virus 3 Odontoglossum ringspot virus 1 Tomato aspermy virus 2 Pepper mild mottle virus 4 Apple mosaic virus 1 Tobacco mosaic virus 15 Asparagus virus 2 1 Tomato mosaic virus 27 Closteroviridae Youcai mosaic virus 1 Ampelovirus Tobravirus Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3 6 Tobacco rattle virus 2 Closterovirus Families are undefined. Citrus tristeza virus 6 Benyvirus Luteoviridae Beet necrotic yellow vein virus 1 Polerovirus Sobemovirus Citrus vein enation virusUN 2 Cocksfoot mottle virus 6 Potyviridae Ryegrass mottle virus 1 Potyvirus Southern bean mosaic virus 2 Alstoroemeria mosaic virus 5 — Viroids — Amazon lily mosaic virus 1 Single-stranded RNA Bean common mosaic virus 4 Pospiviroidae Bean yellow mosaic virus 2 Apscaviroid Carnation vein mottle virus 1 Apple fruit crinkle viroid 1 Clover yellow vein virus 4 Apple scar skin viroid 4 Dasheen mosaic virus 1 Citrus bent leaf viroid 1 Konjac mosaic virus 2 Citrus viroid III 1 Lettuce mosaic virus 1 Citrus viroid original sourceUN 1 Peanut mottle virus 1 Cocadviroid Potato virus A 1 Citrus viroid IV 1 Potato virus Y 5 Hostuviroid Soybean mosaic virus 8 Hop stunt viroid 1 Turnip mosaic virus 6 Pospiviroid Watermelon mosaic virus 5 Chrysanthemum stunt viroid 5 Zucchini yellow mosaic virus 11 Citrus exocortis viroid 1 NI: Number of isolates. UN: ICTV-unassigned. ─ 36 ─ Microbiol. Cult. Coll. June 2012 Vol. 28, No. 1 Table 2 List of plant viruses and viroids released from the project by isolation source plant family (February 2012) — Viruses — NI (continued) NI Alstroemeriaceae Potyviridae Positive sense single-stranded RNA Potyvirus Alphaflexiviridae Lettuce mosaic virus 1 Potexvirus Secoviridae Alstroemeria virus X 1 Nepovirus Bromoviridae Arabis mosaic virus 1 Cucumovirus Cucumber mosaic virus 4 Brassicaceae Potyviridae Double-stranded DNA Potyvirus Caulimoviridae Alstoroemeria mosaic virus 5 Caulimovirus Secoviridae Cauliflower mosaic virus 5 Fabavirus Positive sense single-stranded RNA Broad bean wilt virus 2 1 Bromoviridae Virgaviridae Cucumovirus Tobamovirus Cucumber mosaic virus 2 Youcai mosaic virus 1 Potyviridae Potyvirus Amaryllidaceae Turnip mosaic virus 6 Positive sense single-stranded RNA Secoviridae Alphaflexiviridae Comovirus Potexvirus Radish mosaic virus 1 Narcissus mosaic virus 1 Virgaviridae Bromoviridae Tobamovirus Bromovirus Tobacco mosaic virus 2 Amazon lily mild mottle virusUN 1 Cucumovirus Caryophyllaceae Cucumber mosaic virus 2 Positive sense single-stranded RNA Potyviridae Potyviridae Potyvirus Potyvirus Amazon lily mosaic virus 1 Carnation vein mottle virus 1 Secoviridae Tombusviridae Nepovirus Carmovirus Arabis mosaic virus 1 Carnation mottle virus 1 Tomato ringspot virus 1 Bromoviridae Virgaviridae Cucumovirus Tobravirus Cucumber mosaic virus 1 Tobacco rattle virus 1 Undefined Benyvirus Apiaceae Beet necrotic yellow vein virus 1 Positive sense single-stranded RNA Secoviridae Cucurbitaceae Fabavirus Positive sense single-stranded RNA Broad bean wilt virusUN 1 Bromoviridae Cucumovirus Araceae Cucumber mosaic virus 2 Positive sense single-stranded RNA Potyviridae Potyviridae Potyvirus Potyvirus Watermelon mosaic virus 4 Dasheen mosaic virus 1 Zucchini yellow mosaic virus 11 Konjac mosaic virus 2 Secoviridae Comovirus Asteraceae Squash mosaic virus 1 Negative sense single-stranded RNA Tombusviridae Bunyaviridae Carmovirus Tospovirus Melon necrotic spot virus 7 Tomato spotted wilt virus 1 Virgaviridae Positive sense single-stranded RNA Tobamovirus Betaflexiviridae Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus 7 Carlavirus Kyuri green mottle mosaic virus 3 Butterbur mosaic virusUN 1 Bromoviridae Cycadaceae Cucumovirus Positive sense single-stranded RNA Cucumber mosaic virus 2 Secoviridae Tomato aspermy virus 1 Nepovirus Cycas necrotic stunt virus 1 NI: Number of isolates. UN: ICTV-unassigned. ─ 37 ─ Plant viruses and viroids in the NIAS Genebank Tomioka et al. Table 2 Continued Fabaceae NI (continued) NI Positive sense single-stranded RNA
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