02 TINNELL.pmd most particularly, LuisCernuda. other Spanish intellectualsinSpain inthe1930’s, amongthemCarlosMorla Lynch and, insights intotherelationship ofStanley Richardson withFederico GarcíaLorcaandwith Valender “Stanley inhis1983article Richardson andSpain.” offersnew The presentarticle Nadal)Martínez leadtointerestingconclusionswhichcouldnotbeformulatedbyJames Richardson andothers,thementionofRichardson inalettertoLorcasentbyRafael poet Stanley Richardson toFederico GarcíaLorca,atelegramsentto signedby Federico García LorcaFoundation ofthree unpublisheddocuments(aletterfromtheEnglish Subsequent research, thegrowth ofinformationonInternet andthediscovery inMadrid’s ABSTRACT 1935, correspondencia inédita. PALABRAS Carlos Morla Lynch y, sobre todo,LuisCernuda. y Lorcaentre Richardson yotrosintelectualesenEspañadurantelosaños30,entre ellos interesantes. El ofrece presente nuevaperspectivasobre artículo larelación entreRichardson Nadal),Richardson aLorcadeRafaelMartínez enunacarta nosllevanaconclusiones Richardson aLorca,untelegramaLorca firmadoporRichardson yotros,lamenciónde brimiento detresdocumentosenlaFundación Federico inéditade GarcíaLorca(unacarta Richardson andSpain,” juntoalainformaciónahoradisponibleenInternet yconeldescu- La investigaciónposterioralapublicaciónporJames Valender en1983delartículo RESUMEN unpublished correspondence. KEY catalogued whenJames Valender wrotehisdefinitiveessay(“Stanley”) onRichardson, whileRichardson wasvisitinginMadridhotel stationery in1935,hadnotbeen 1941) totheSpanish poetFederico GarcíaLorca. The undatedletter, writtenon letter fromtheEnglish poetJohn Stanley Richardson (Lincolnshire,1911-London,

WORDS A NEW LOOK AT JOHNSTANLEY RICHARDSONINSPAIN

R In ’s Federico GarcíaLorcaFoundation wefindanunpublished CLAVE EVISTA : John Stanley Richardson, Federico García Lorca, ,Spain 1935, C : John Stanley Richardson, Federico García Lorca,LuisCernuda,España ANARIA

DE 9 E University System ofNew Hampshire STUDIOS I NGLESES Roger Tinnell , 63;November 2011,pp. 9-19;ISSN:0211-5913 17/10/2011, 9:58 “ Stanley

A NEW LOOK AT JOHN STANLEY RICHARDSON IN SPAIN 9 02 TINNELL.pmd

ROGER TINNELL 10 ticularly, Luis Cernuda. with otherintellectualsinSpain, amongthemCarlosMorla Lynch and,mostpar- insights intotherelationship ofStanley Richardson andFederico GarcíaLorcaand conclusions whichcouldnotbeformulatedin1983. offersnew The present article mation onInternet andthediscovery ofthesethree documents leadtointeresting mentions Richardson. Research subsequentto Valender’s essay, thegrowth ofinfor- well asanunpublishedletterfromLorca’s Nadal closefriendRafaelMartínez which is anunpublishedtelegramsenttoLorcaandsignedbyRichardson andothers,as poet Stanley Richardson, protégéoftheArchbishop York.” plete histhesis. Son, 1934).He begangraduateworkonthe published acollectionofhisverse, and hasremained unpublisheduntilnow. that theexpositionwas“adornada contulipanesamarillos” (Altolaguirre, “Vida”). the Merry Meeting ClubatCambridgesponsored anexhibitionofbookspublishedbyhispress and Press in1935.In hisessay, y poesía:cuatropoetasíntimos,”Manuel “Vida Altolaguirre writesthat them. these documentsavailableforconsultationandtotheheirsof poetforpermissiontopublish ( the writingofpresent On Cernuda,seealsoAntonioRivero article. Taravillo’s invaluablestudies notes. James Valender isalsotheeditorof mation containedinthepresent Of great article. interest istheinformationheprovides inthefoot- He foundedtheMerry Meeting Poetry Club, modern languages.At theUniversity hewasactive asanactoranddancerpoet. graduated fromSt. John’s College,Cambridgein1932withfirst-classhonours Luis ; “París”). 4 3 2 1 The “mysterious Englishstudent” (Foster 43),John Stanley Richardson 22Oct. 2010.. My thankstothestaffofFundación Federico García Lorca fortheirhelpinmaking IamindebtedtoJames Valender’s work(“Stanley”) formuchofthebiographicalinfor- Poems Read attheMerry Meeting Time Magazine 10 2 (Jan. 15,1940)calledhimthe “young Cambridge Road toEmmaus (Spring 1935)waspublishedbyCambridgeUniversity Epistolario deCernuda 1 Of interest, too, inthesameFoundation Poema deMíoCid 3 editedthestudentmagazine,and (Cambridge:S.G.Marshall & 17/10/2011, 9:58 whichhasbeenofgreat helpin 4 butdidnotcom- 02 TINNELL.pmd Viaje 1934) toJ.B. Trend (Valender, Altolaguirre makesreference toRichardson inthefollowing correspondence: inaletter(25Nov. griego Lorca’s bookofpoems, María Hinojosa formedtheeditorialboard oftheirpress, alsocalledLitoral,andwere theeditorsof doncella, elmarineroyestudiante www.proyectorosaleda.blogspot.com/2009_02_01_archive.html>. to Altolaguirre andPrados his guirre Mexico where theirmarriageended. periodical, “La Verónica,” herido.” series,“El In ciervo 1944theymoved andproducedapoetry to verde para lapoesía collectionsandmagazinessuchas in Londonwhere theyeditedpoetry press “La Verónica” magazine andeditedthere theliterary were later(Lorca marriedoneyear andCernudawere twooftheirwitnesses). The couplecreated the Federico García Lorca. In1931,García LorcaintroducedhertoManuel Altolaguirre andthetwo which lastedforseveralyears,andshewasalsoagreat LuisCernudaand friendofRafaelAlberti, magazine ary With hisintimatefriendandcollaborator, thepoetEmilioPrados, Altolaguirre publishedtheliter- sity ofGranada butbecameapoet,publishingsometenbooksofversebetween 1926and1955. issue number3,1934). versions ofA.E.Housman translatedtoSpanish byAltolaguirre andRichardson in García Lorca.He alsotranslatedEnglish poemstoSpanish (see,forexample,the his translationsfromtheSpanish Altolaguirre, ofpoemsbyAlberti, Méndezand appeared inmostofthetenissuesreview, withseveral ofhisown poemsand Lorca, A.E.Housman, andRamónPérez deAyala.John Stanley Richardson’s work LuisCernuda, among itscontributors:RafaelAlberti, T.S. Eliot, Federico García review,a bilingualpoetry 308);andinthree letters(March (Valender, 1935)toConchaMéndez (Madrid:Visor, 2006)andedited,too,Altolaguirre’s 5 andhiswifefellow poetConchaMéndez. In Londoninlate1933Richardson mettheSpanish poetManuel Altola- 6 5 7 Richardson’s Cuesta Concepción(Concha)Méndez (1898-1986)hadalove affairwithLuis Buñuel The Malagueñan poetManuel Altolaguirre Bolín(1905-1959)studiedlawattheUniver- Litoral . AftertheSpanish Civil War theymoved toHavanawhere theypublishedanother . Federico García Lorca publishedseveral poemsinthemagazineanddedicated Canciones Way intoLife 11 7 suite 1616 Viaje “enharinados porelmiedodelmar.” Prados, Altolaguirre andJosé . James Valender haseditedAltolaguirre’s memoirs, “Españasdelmar” andpresented themtooinhis“dialogue” 298);aletter(Feb.? 1935)toJuan RamónJiménez (Valender, (thereview publishedten numbers)whichcounted wastobepublishedasasupplement Héroe Obras completas 6 . Between 1933and1935theylived The Spanish coupleprepared 17/10/2011, 9:58 1616 (Madrid: Istmo, 1986). Viaje , Poesía 1616 312,314,316). . See

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ROGER TINNELL 12 transcribed. viene deusted” (Valender, would visitthatSpanish poet“en minombre, llevándoleunpocodelbuenrecuerdo quesiempre me his publications, Richardson of toaspecialperformance fever, andthatRichardson appeared atthedoor: 16th ofFebruary 1935hehadasahouseguest GarcíaLorca,thepoetillwitha Spanish poetsofthetime.In hiswrittenmemoirs,Morla Lynch recalls thatonthe Morla Lynch, theChileanconsulinMadrid whowasafriendofmanytheyoung 1616 hoped tomeetmanyoftheSpanish poetswhoseworkappeared in contemporary Concha Méndez,Manuel Altolaguirre,Stanley Richardson andAntonioPastor: the 29thofDecember1934.See AntoninaRodrigo (295-296). The special . 11 He carriedaletterofintroduction fromManuel Altolaguirre toCarlos [Antonio] Pastor and Stanley [Richardson] Manolo [Altolaguirre] Concha [Méndez] amigo 12 11 10 9 8 From Morla Lynch’s memoirs,welearn that onMarch 12hetookStanley guapo. Es un‘feo’ congracia’. (Morla Lynch 457-458). Luis Cernuda. Tiene dulzura,suavidadyunfísicofavorable...,apesardequenoes simplemente avernos—ysehahecho,desdeelcomienzo,amigodeFederico yde nueva generación[...]Stanley havenidovarias vecesaalmorzarycenar—o efectivamente, es,ademásdeunexcelente amigo,elpoetaquemásdestaca dela ynoexentolleno deviveza depicardía. Manolito mediceque, Ensucarta, ysuespíritucomunicativo,Inmediatamente semehacesimpáticoporsufranqueza ‘como elmejorpoetaactualdeInglaterra’ (asícomosuena):Stanley Richardson. para imponermedelcontenidodelaepístola,elmuchachosepresenta élmismo Londres provisto paramídeManolito deunacarta Altolaguirre.Sin darme tiempo muyrisueño—veintitrésaños—conunacaradisparejarubio, de Pero unjovenzuelo heaquíqueaparece enelumbraldelapuerta inglés,muy One monthlater, Richardson went toSpain (February 1935)wherehe Después exitosaconferencia García LorcaAlcalá102Madrid [Telegram. January 31,1935] The telegramsenttoGarcía Lorca, datedJanuary 31,1935,issignedby De Paepe, et.al.,COA-668. The datetakenfrom thepostmark. AntonioPastor ChairattheUniversity (b. 1894)heldtheCervantes ofLondon.Among See thereferences Nadal’s toMartínez conference inhisletterofMarch 3,1935,herein In aletter(Feb.? 1935)to Juan RamónJiménez, Altolaguirre wrote thatRichardson Yerma Breve historiadelhispanismo inglés premiered withthecompanyofMargarita XirguatMadrid’s Teatro Español on 12 Viaje 308). 10 9 Rafael [Martínez Nadal] Rafael[Martínez saludamostecomopoeta Yerma (1948). : “Lollevoalafunciónde 17/10/2011, 9:58 Yerma clown ofwhichMorla . Viene de . Viene Yerma 8 12 : 02 TINNELL.pmd Gil Vicente. See thecorrespondencefrom Trend toGarcía Lorca (Tinnell 129-132). of atCambridge,hepublishedin extravagancias delinglés” (21)andthatinLondonCernuda“rehusó vivirbajosumismotecho” (25). ment. According Nadal, toMartínez CernudawasputoffbyRichardson’s “exageradas, estudiadas that Richardson ofLondon’s diedintheflamingruins CafédeParis (20)duringaGerman bombard- guirre thatRichardson andMéndez, hadmettheSpanish couplethrough John B. Trend (19),and Nadal recalls thathemettheblond,almostalbino(18)Stanley Richardson inthehomeofAltola- and hadinhispossessionthemanuscriptof versity ofLondon).He editedseveral works byLorcaandpublishedbooksonthepoethislife Richardson: of Lorca ( of Lorca Lorca andLuis Cernuda. letter senttoLorcaby RafaelMartínez Nadal, anintimatefriendofbothGarcía (Olivares Briones 170). Richardson attendedalecturerecital byPablo Neruda attheUniversity ofMadrid Sánchez Mejías” (Morla Lynch 458). The nextday, accompaniedby Cernuda, recita pasajesdesudrama beneficio deFederico concarácterdehomenaje.Alfinal,elgran actor[Enric]Borrás gay friends at that performance of gay friendsatthatperformance Lynch oftheplay. writeswasincelebrationof100performances Ian Gibson findsthatamongthe Spain inmidMarch, twodaysafterthespecial The archivesofMadrid’s García LorcaFoundation houseanunpublished 13 In hismemoirs,CarlosMorla Lynch writesthatStanley Richardson left Rafael Un granabrazode King’s College.GustóymeinvitandenuevoenMayo. tengo convencidoparatraerte. ysermuyamigotuyo.porque deseamuchoconocerte —Creo quetambiénlo pasarás admirablemente. porque cuentoconStanley paraarreglarte unoscursosenCambridgedondelo el poemadelMíoCid,íntegro,alinglés.Creo queteconvienequedarbienconél bridge ysobre Brande] [John Trend. producto deaquellauniversidad.—Te quetienegraninfluenciaenCam- advierto Habrás recibido lavisitadeStanley Richardson poetainglésdeCambridgeytípico Mi queridoFedericón: 3-3-35 [Letter. March3,1935] 15 14 Lorca John Brande Trend (1887-1958),Englishwriter, musicologistandmusiccritic.Profesor De Paepe, et.al.,COA-643. AftertheSpanish Civil War, 323). No tedigoquemeescribasporquenoloharás. Hace tres díasestuveenOxford invitado paradarlamismaconferencia en [Antonio] Pastor vaprontoaMadrid parati, ymepidequeledéunacarta 13 13 Mariana Pineda Dated March 3,1935,theletterincludesareference to Yerma 14

Martínez Nadal (1904-2001)taughtatKing’s College(Uni- wastheGranadan José (Pepe) García Carrillo,anoldfriend El público 15 , yporúltimo,declamalaelegíaa[Ignacio] Es“fellow” delaUniversidad yhatraducido 1616 . In hisbookonCernuda(1983),Martínez Yerma 2(1934)histranslationofa“Cantiga” de performance: 17/10/2011, 9:58

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ROGER TINNELL 14 Seville andstayedclosefriendsuntilLorca’s untimelydeath. himself andCernuda(Gibson, inglés.” We donotknow ifthere ever asexualrelationship between GarcíaLorca with LuisCernudaandRivero Taravillo callsRichardson Cernuda’s “antiguo amor Richardson wasgaywhenhewritesthattheEnglishman hada“pequeño idilio” whom hededicatedthepoem“Comolevesonido” in1931, had alover, Serafín Fernández Ferro, whomhemetthroughGarcíaLorcaandto Cernuda’s homosexualityhasnever beenindoubtandweknow thatCernudabriefly de [la]constelaciónculturalGarcía Lorca” (126). Aleixandre, Gustavo Durán yEduardo Blanco-Amor) menwhowere “compañeros Lorca (amongthem,LuisCernuda,BenjamínPalencia, Juan Gil-Albert, Vicente Glasgow. Román Gubern writesaboutthegaygroupwhichsurroundedDalíand (97) hintsopenlythatCernudahadasexualrelationship witha“joven escocés” in Rivero Taravillo’s “Cernudaa/en loscincuenta.”). in Mexico hehasaperhaps“platonic” relationship withSalvador Alighieri(See, for example,Antonio Fernández Ferro” (707-708).Cernuda’s “amor malagueño” in1933wasGerardo Carmona.In exile Diego, et.al,216,217). (Fyrth). Churchill’s friend,Stanley Richardson, whohadjoinedhimonthewayandwasafineinterpreter” British Hospital atGrañén asmalltown nearHuesca ontheAragonFront. were helpedby “They second visittoSpain: 2003) isexplicitinitsreference toRichardson’s openhomosexualityduringthat volunteer translator. Testimony byhiscollaboratorKennethSinclair Loutit(1913- Richardson assistedtheSpanish AidCommitteeandbrieflyreturned toSpain asa tions of, andGarcíaLorca. amongothers,Cernuda,Altolaguirre,Méndez In 1936 poetry” and“will inevitablyreach greatness” Poetry,” inwhich hepraisedCernuda(Cernuda,the“poet ofunhappylove,” “ishis Morla Lynch’s sexuality, seeGibson ( 20 19 18 17 16 Peter Spencer Churchill) (Viscount Stores andstaffwere faceswere thoseof beginningtoarrive.Among thefirstnew Soon afterreturningtoEngland,Richardson publishedhisessay, “Spanish Was causedby shared thiscamaraderieinlargepart homosexuality?On en él.(Morla Lynch 461) días—a formarpartedenuestroambiente,entantoqueotrosnuncalogranpenetrar misterio obedecelafacilidadconquealgunosseres pasan—enelespaciodebreves acaba devivirenEspaña. También Uno lamentamossupartida. sepregunta aqué manifiesta unaemociónsindudasincera.No olvidarájamás—dice—losdíasque 13 demarzo. DespedidadeStanley Richardson, quesemarchamañanay See Lorca’s lettertoCernuda(Spring 1931?):“Tengo elgustodepresentarte aSerafín See thephotographsofLorca withCernudainApril 1931andApril 1936 (Estrella de Victor (Peter) Spencer (1890-1973)andKenneth Sinclair LoutitestablishedtheFirst María Teresa LeóncalledCernuda“uno delosmásaltospoetas” (260). On thesexualityofLorca’s 14 Lorca pandilla 310-311). The twomenhadmetin1927 , see,also,ÁngelSahuquillo. Lorca 20 andofStanley Richardson [...]itisimpossi- 19 378-379.José Teruel ) andheofferedinhisessaytransla- 18 17/10/2011, 9:58 17 whileMartínez Nadal 16 BothLorcaand

suggests that 02 TINNELL.pmd land byproviding himwithavisaandorganizingforseriesoftalksonthe Cernuda hadbeenarrestedandhewasquiteobviously indangerhisown country. Ofinterest is Heart’s Renewal” (1940). translation ofJosé Moreno Villa’s poem“Madrid Front” in Hunt” (1937),“Dark Blue Sunlight” (1938);“To Priest” aCertain ( Filología over Barcelona.” The Hogarth Press, 1939).In 1938Richardson publisheda4-pp-leaflet,“Air-Raid appeared inStephen Spender andJohn Lehmann,eds., Machado, Jacinto Benavente,EmilioPrados andothers.Richardson’s workalso in thatmagazine’s 1938)whichcontained alsoAntonio number13(January Valencia Juan byRafaelAlberti, Gil andothers.Richardson’s Albert workappeared lish inSpain, forexamplein and Writers ExiledinEngland. During theSpanish civilwar, hecontinuedtopub- Spanish ambassadorandwasoneofthefoundersArden Society forArtists 2(1935):246;“Christmas1937,AChristmasPoem forSpain”; Calpe thebroadside“The him andhewenthome. Stanley tookfright;inBarcelona thenoiseandkillingsbecametoomuchfor second visitallowedStanley tosmelldangerandhedrew back.Soon afterthis of left-winggaysandothernon-conformists.Butfunthoughitmayhavebeenthis a broadanti-Stalinist wedgeofthepopulation,aswellbeingmeetingplace line ofLlorca[sic]oronemyown.” It wasclearthatthisthesafeharbourof making spontaneouspoetry, each tablecontributingalinewithmethrowing ina success inthatcafé“becauseyouseeIknow andtheywere Llorca[sic]byheart He hadmetwithgreat andeverything. place madefunofabsolutelyeverybody heard alotof“terribly naughtyconversation.”It seemsthatthepeoplein grouping (POUM).Stanley eveningandhad toldmethathehadawonderful ofthePartidaturned outtobearesort Obrera Unificada Marxista [sic],the Trotskist that suitedthem[...]Stanley wentbackalonetotheCaféinquestion,which went outoneevening[...]itseemsthattheyhaddiscovered aCaféwithnightlife sible tobeinacitylikeBarcelona andtogobedearly[...]hePeter Spencer pistol-toting anarchists[...]For someoneofStanley’s temperamentitwasnotpos- Stanley wentdown surprisinglywellwithmachotypes,especiallybig,ferocious, current atmosphere ofBarcelona.Iwasnotentirely right,asIlaterfoundthat talents Idoubtedwhether, eitherseparatelyortogether, theywere suitedtothe brilliant Spanish scholarandhadsincebecomeasuperb interpreter. Despitetheir [...] Stanley Richardson IhadnotseensinceCambridgewhere hehadbeena walkshehadbeentakingwithaRugby blue. have ababyafterseriesofcountry him tobeuniqueinthathereally wasonceafraidthathegoingto andtruly was atalentedpoet.He wasalsowildlygayandoddlyinnocent.Indeed Ibelieve geous goings-on.[...]Ihadknown Stanley atCambridge. Without questionhe ble toremember thesetwowithoutremembering alsosomeoftheirmore outra- 21 Richardson helpedhisintimatefriendLuisCernudaleave Spain On hisreturn toLondon,Richardson becamethepress attachéforthe 22 Federico García Lorca hadbeenassassinatedinAugust of1936,friendstheopenlygay AmongRichardson’s otherpublishedwork: “Un nuevo romance delCid,” 21 15 Hora deEspaña , theRepublican journalfoundedin New Writing Poems forSpain Spain at War 1(Autumn 1938),and“The 17/10/2011, 9:58 3 (June 1938)),a 3(June 22 (London, forEng- Revista de

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ROGER TINNELL 16 all accountsCernudawasadifficultperson, delsevillano)”(Rivero enemistad(sóloporparte abierta Taravillo, “París” 10).By Richardson endesapego,cuandono ,conelquelaamistadsehaconvertido there butthathealsofled fromRichardson: “No queríaestarpegadoalasfaldasde Rivero Taravillo writesthatCernudafledEngland notonlybecausehedidfitin amarillos” ( Cernuda thepoem“Swan Lake” andCernudatoRichardson his“Por unostulipanes Cernuda andRichardson intimate,Richardson hadbecomevery dedicatingto They worked onan(unpublished)anthologyofSpanish translatedtoEnglish. poetry Wordsworth sonnets“El robledeGuernica” and“Cóleradeunespañolaltanero.” Granleigh School,Surrey. again cametoEngland,andRichardson helpedhimfindateachingpositioninthe palpitara fija / En la memoria de alguien, / Amante, dios o la muerte ensudía.[...] palpitara fija/Enlamemoriadealguien,Amante,diosomuerte ternura yrencor entremezclado; / Y mordí duramentelaverdad delamorparaquenopasara/Y [...] Tendido mássombrío/ enlayacijadelmortal Tuve mensajero, /En de tusalas,rubio transporte seducción terrestre, /En unosdensostulipanesamarillos/Erguidos comodichasentre verdes espadas. Me adelantólostiernosfulgores vegetales, /Sosteniendo sugoteanteclaridad,/Forma llenade dios, /No séquéaromajoven, prematura. /Hálitohenchidodetibieza [...]Congestoenamorado/ / también,costumbre, / Vivía enunpaísdelclarosur/Cuando amívino,alegre mensajedealgún/ amarillos”: Tragando sueñotrasunvidrioimpalpable/Entre lasdoblesfauces,/ Tuyas, pereza, deti footnote) refers totheobvious phallic symbolofthetulipsinCernuda’s poem:“Por unostulipanes una pieza” (Letterof6August inMartínez Nadal, 42,andin Valender, un ejemplodelviciocomolopintanenloslibrosmoralesparaniños:repulsivo yde him inParis butthathehadnotwantedtoseehim:“Esacriaturaesincorregible. Es Nadalfriend RafaelMartínez inAugust of1938thatRichardson hadcometosee “París” 11)betweenthetwomenapparently hadgonesour. Cernudawrotetohis topic oftheSpanish civilwar. However the“relación sentimental” (Rivero Taravillo, virtual.com/servlet/SirveObras/ 12475074233470495654657/004200.pdf>. virtual.com/servlet/SirveObras/ urges Cernudatoleave Spain andcomelivewithhiminhisLondonhome:

In 1938Richardson andCernudatranslatedthe Luis Cernuda 23 butafterabriefreturn toSpain he book,Luis Antoniode Villena writes:“El 17/10/2011, 9:58

Tú, lluviaque Luis 246). 02 TINNELL.pmd written toexpresshishopesofseeingLorcaonceagainbefore leavingSpain: of March, immediatelyafterseeing he hasalready metLorca. Perhaps hewrotethelettertoLorca onthe12thor13th salutation, headdresses theSpanish poetashis“Admirado amigo,”indicatingthat the GarcíaLorca Foundation isawelcome additiontotheRichardson legacy. In the previously unpublished,handwrittenlettertoFederico García Lorca now housedin I conjecture here thathe wrote theletterimmediatelyafterMarch of performance Richardson’sbetween arrival inSpain inFebruary 1935andhisdeparture onthe13thofMarch and piano) byLennoxBerkeley (London,Chester, 1940). Stanley Richardson” (Cernudacorrespondence editedby Valender, 1956) tohisfriendJosé Luis Canothere: “debes romperlascartasdeConchaAlbornozy Richardson 1941) andnineletters. Prodigal“The Brother,” (of8March theannouncementofhismemorialservice St. John’s themanuscriptofpoem“BeBlind My Library: Soul,” story theshort killed inabombardment inLondon1941.Amonghispapersthearchives of autobiography (hewasonly27years old)andanothercollectionofpoemsbutwas Spanish EmbassybutcontinuedhisworkwiththeArden Society. He beganan Richardson andhissojournsinSpain lightonAnglo-Spanish andshednew literary he attendedwithCarlosMorla Lynch. It thatLuisCernudadestroyed isunfortunate thelettershereceived from When theSpanish Republic fellin1939,Richardson losthispostatthe 26 25 These recently discovered documentsoffernewinformationonStanley He vistoasuobra Admirado amigo, [February-March 1935] Teléfono 22,843 Eduardo Dato,8(Gran Vía) Madrid Gredos-Hotel [Handwritten letter 28 27 Stanley Richardson Sinceramente, ¿Cuándo leveocaraaparadecirlecuantomegusta? De Paepe andhiscollaborators datethisletterDecember1934.Icorrect thedatetofall The letterisNumber COA-844 (DePaepe et.al.). Richardson’s translationofLorca, “BellsofCordoba” wassettomusic(forvoice and Inexile,CernudahadlefthisbooksandpapersinMadrid. See theletter(ofOctober27, 25 andthatwehavenolettersfromLorcatotheEnglishpoet. 17 Yerma 27 onhotelstationery:] 28 quemeentusiasma.Lesaludocontodaapreciación. Yerma withMorla Lynch andintheletterwas Luis Cernuda 17/10/2011, 9:58 603). Yerma 26 which The

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ROGER TINNELL 18 L O R L H G —— and intellectuals. extent centered onFederico García Lorcaandhisclose-knitgroupoffellow writers andontheSpanish circlesthattoan relations inthemidtwentiethcentury literary A D R —— “París noeraunafiesta:Cernudaenelverano de1938.” —— M F F D M G G YRTH OSTER OUTIT EÓN LTOLAGUIRRE IVERO ICHARDSON UBERN IBSON ARCÍA IEGO E LIVARES ARRIS ORLA ARTÍNEZ P AEPE , María Teresa. Lorca yelmundogay:“Caballo azuldemilocura Luis añosespañoles(1902-1938) Cernuda: , Jim. , Estrella de,Fernando H , Derek. L T L , David W. , Kenneth Sinclair. “Very LittleLuggage (Spain 1936-1937).” , Ian. , Román. B YNCH ORCA , Christian,ed. RAVILLO Salamanca: Renacimiento, 2008. II (1933-1939) de Estudiantes/Fundació CaixaCatalunya,2007. Grijalbo, 1988. Lorca. Vol.6. Cultura delaJunta deAndalucía/Fundación Federico García Lorca, 2003. cincuenta.html>. 2009. 21Oct. 2010.. drid: Cátedra,1997. rence & Wishart, 1986. 2008): 8-17. N RIONES The Signal Was Spain: The British AidMovement inBritain, 1936-1939 , Stanley. “.” ADAL Federico García Lorca. Vol. 2.De Nueva York aFuente Grande, 1929-1936 , Manuel. ypoesía:cuatropoetasíntimos.” “Vida , Federico. , Carlos. . Madrid: TF Editores, 1998. Luis AStudy Cernuda: ofthe Poetry , Antonio. “Cernudaa/enloscincuenta.” Ola Pepín! Dalí, Lorca yBuñuel enlaResidencia deEstudiantes , Rafael. , Edmundo. Spanish Writers onGay andLesbian Themes: ABio-critical Sourcebook 18 Memoria delamelancolía

Catálogo delacorrespondencia aFederico García Lorca En España conFederico García Lorca: páginasdeundiarioíntimo1928-1936 . Santiago deChile:LOM Ediciones,2001. Catálogo general delosfondosdocumentaleslaFundación Federico García Epistolario completo Españoles enlaGran Bretaña: Luis El Cernuda. hombre ysustemas : loscaminosdelmundo. Tras lashuellasdelpoetaitinerante, UICI , andJuan P WORKS CITED Contemporaries . Ed. ChristopherMaurer andAndrew Anderson. Ma- . Barcelona: Círculo deLectores, 1987. . Barcelona: Tusquets, 2008. ÉREZ . London: Tamesis, 1973. .

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