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BISHOP MORLEY of WINCHESTER 1598–1684: Politician Benefactor Pragmatist

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BISHOP MORLEY of WINCHESTER 1598–1684: Politician Benefactor Pragmatist BISHOP MORLEY OF WINCHESTER 1598–1684: Politician Benefactor Pragmatist Andrew Thomson BISHOP MORLEY OF WINCHESTER 1598–1684: Politician Benefactor Pragmatist Andrew Thomson 02/08/2019, 21)40 Page 1 of 1 2 The Winchester Series A volume in THE WINCHESTER SERIES Winchester University Press takes as a special interest the hinterland of Winchester, a city whose reach in time and space goes a great way. The scope of that hinterland provides the topics and titles for books in the Press’s Winchester Series. The beginnings of Winchester are suggested by the evolution of its name from suppositious Celtic through attested Latin to everyday English. Caergwinntguic becomes Cair-Guntin, Caergwintwg, Caer Gwent, Venta Belgarum, Venta Castra, Wintanceastre, Wincestre, Vincestre and finally Winchester. The names chart the city’s passage over a thousand years from Britonic through Roman to Saxon possession, and they give a historical and linguistic starting point for the Winchester Series. From the sixth to the eleventh century, Winchester was in the Westseaxna Rice, the kingdom of Wessex, the home of the West Saxons. They ruled land between the south coast and the River Thames. They contested their northern and eastern boundaries with the kingdom of Mercia; what are now the counties of Oxfordshire, Sussex and Kent were sometimes part of the one kingdom and sometimes part of the other. To the west, Wessex was bounded by the River Taw or by the River Tamar as today’s Devon was contested with the British kingdom of Dumnonia. At highpoints, the West Saxon kings claimed rule over the whole of England, but the heart of their kingdom was Hampshire, the Isle of Wight, Berkshire, Wiltshire, Dorset, and Somerset. This is the heartland of the Winchester Series. Under the Normans, the hinterland of Winchester was given new boundaries. It remained a place where kings held court, but it no longer had its own kingdom; instead, it became the cathedral city of a diocese that extended northeast through Surrey to border the River Thames at Southwark and southwest to Dorset. It still includes the Channel Islands, but it lost Surrey and Portsmouth in 1927. Within the Anglican Church, the bishops of Winchester are second only to the archbishops of Canterbury and York, and Winchester Cathedral is one of the architectural glories of Europe. This diocese is a dimension of the Winchester Series. The Winchester Series 3 In the nineteenth century, Thomas Hardy revived the name of the ancient kingdom of Wessex and created through his novels a new notion of the hinterland of Winchester. The heart of his imaginary land is Wiltshire, his Mid-Wessex, and the other counties in his Wessex are Berkshire, Devon, Dorset, Hampshire, and Somerset. Hardy brings attention to the literary riches of the Winchester hinterland within which have lived and written Jane Austen, William Blake, William Cobbett, Charles Dickens, Benjamin Franklin, Elizabeth Gaskell, Edward Gibbon, William Hazlitt, George Herbert, John Keats, John Keble, Alfred Tennyson, Izaak Walton, H.G. Wells, Gilbert White, Charlotte Mary Yonge. The territory of these writers provides another focus for the Winchester Series. In the twentieth century, Winchester was placed in what was described in various official documents as the South East England Region. Originally designated as a Civil Defence Area, the Region has expanded and contracted but presently includes the counties of Buckinghamshire, Oxfordshire, Berkshire, Hampshire, the Isle of Wight, Surrey, East Sussex, West Sussex and Kent. Hampshire and Winchester now look east and associate with Sussex and Kent. The old associate counties, Wiltshire, Dorset and Somerset, have been designated part of the South West England Region. Hampshire was once the place where the West Country began but no longer. The expansion of London has made it more a Home than a Shire county, and European Route 5 - running from Greenock to Algeciras by way of Southampton and Le Havre – makes twenty-first-century Hampshire more immediately part of Europe than it has been since the end of the Hundred Years War. The South East England Region too shapes the Winchester Series. 4 Dedication DEDICATION I dedicate this book to Rosemary, Anna, Ethan Elijah, Elowen Eve, Jeremy, and Sebastian, who have had to suffer years of neglect and irritable responses to interruptions when the telephone rang or another trip to the supermarket was necessary and who have, in spite of all that and more, always shown interest and support for the project in which they say I have been absorbed for up to twenty- seven hours a day. I can only hope that the finished product comes somewhere near to making it all worthwhile. Published by Winchester University Press 2019. The Author hereby asserts the moral right always to be identified as such in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form whatsoever or by any method whatsoever without prior permission of Winchester University Press. Quotations may however be taken for unpublished academic essays and newspaper and magazine reviews. Enquiries should be made direct to the Press. This book is published subject to the condition that it shall not be resold without prior written consent from the Winchester University Press. First published globally in 2019 by Winchester University Press Winchester SO22 4NR. British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. ISBN: 987-1-906113-27-8 Designed and typeset by All Caps Contents 5 CONTENTS Acknowledgements .......................................................................................................... 6 Abbreviations ................................................................................................................... 8 Introduction ................................................................................................................... 9 Chapter 1 Birth, Education, and Early Career ..................................................15 Chapter 2 Exile .....................................................................................................22 Chapter 3 Mission to England ............................................................................29 Chapter 4 The Search for a Settlement: Part 1 ..................................................38 Chapter 5 The Search for a Settlement: Part 2 ..................................................54 Chapter 6 Morley at Worcester: his Stewardship of the Diocese ....................63 Chapter 7 Morley at Winchester: Part 1, Recovery ..........................................81 Chapter 8 Morley at Winchester: Part 2, Reform ...........................................101 Chapter 9 Death and Benefactions ...................................................................115 Conclusion ...............................................................................................................125 Appendices ...............................................................................................................128 Bibliography ...............................................................................................................130 Index ...............................................................................................................136 6 Acknowledgements ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Bishop Morley first captured my interest while researching my doctoral thesis on the clergy of the seventeenth-century Diocese of Winchester. I have had cause to mention and discuss aspects of ‘Morley’ frequently over the last twenty years or so and, for the last three or four, I have made him the central focus of my work. Most writers state at some point in their acknowledgements that they could not have made anything like progress, completing the research, and finishing the book without the help of numerous academics, librarians, and archivists; and without the support of family and friends through such a time of trial, while taking upon themselves responsibility for all errors and misjudgements. The reason for these ‘clichéd’ comments is that they are mostly only too true, and this is certainly so in my case. Libraries are sine qua non for any research of this kind and I have made countless visits to the Bodleian Library, the British Library, the House of Lords, the Institute of Historical Research, Lambeth Palace, and the National Archives; likewise to the record offices of Hampshire, Oxford, Somerset, West Sussex, Wiltshire, and Worcester; and at all of them I have had a warm welcome and much assistance. I am particularly grateful to Martin Robson Riley of the National Library of Wales, Rachael Laburn of the National Library of Scotland, and David Morrison of Worcester Cathedral. They all found the document in question almost immediately, sent photographs, checked details – a most efficient and personal service in all three cases – and saving me long and expensive journeys. I must thank also the young assistant at the Bodleian Library who went to the trouble of emailing an article to my home address – I hope she will know who she is! I have to mention one archivist in particular – David Rymill at Hampshire Record Office – for truly outstanding help whenever I have sought it. I have been sustained in my researches by knowing that I can always count on David to resolve my problem – a perplexing Latin phrase or the intricacies of leasehold arrangements – and when we have
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