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CTBUH Journal International Journal on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat CTBUH Journal International Journal on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat Tall buildings: design, construction and operation | 2011 Issue III Special Edition World Trade Center: Ten Years On This Issue Editor Buildings are the official ribbon cutting ceremony for the Jan Klerks, CTBUH backdrop in front of project followed on April 4, 1973 and [email protected] which we live our commemorated the end of a process dating Associate Editors lives. They are back to the mid-1940s. At a time when most Robert Lau, Roosevelt University markers of both place developers in Manhattan were focused on [email protected] and time. They are Midtown, the WTC created a powerful Antony Wood, CTBUH/Illinois Institute of Technology [email protected] also storage vessels economic stimulus to Lower Manhattan and into which we place further encouraged renewal of the Editorial Board tremendous amounts of energy, resources, surrounding urban areas. Ahmad Abdelrazaq, Samsung Corporation and memories. Throughout the construction Mir Ali, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign The tragic events of September 11, 2001 were Richard W. Bukowski, Rolf Jensen & Associates, Inc. process, there are a few watermark events a painful reminder of just how much kinetic Mahjoub Elnimeiri, Illinois Institute of Technology that we celebrate. We gather to break the Gary C. Hart, Weidlinger Associates energy and human spirit we invest in the ground, perhaps set the corner stone, Peter Irwin, RWDI many little acts of designing, constructing, Tim Johnson, NBBJ commemorate topping-out of the structure, and occupying a building. It was deeply Zak Kostura, Arup and celebrate the grand opening. In these Gary Lawrence, AECOM humbling for me to see that energy released moments, we wish the project good fortune, Simon Lay, WSP Buildings Ltd. back into the universe. Sam Lee, Guangzhou Scientific Computing Consultants mark our achievements, and reflect on the Tony McLaughlin, Buro Happold successes of our combined efforts. My comfort over the past few years has been Philip Oldfield, University of Nottingham watching the recovery and reconstruction Lester Partridge, AECOM Frank Woolworth celebrated the grand effort: seeing energy and human spirit Jason Pomeroy, Broadway Malyan opening of his Woolworth Tower in 1913 with Swinal Samant, University of Nottingham reinvested. I can see the WTC site from my a banquet. The commemorative book he Steve Watts, Davis Langdon LLP office window now. Each day I witness Peter Weismantle, Adrian Smith + Gordon Gill published included a copy of the speeches construction progressing as another slab Michael Willford, Arup given that night. During his own speech, he emerges or the curtain wall surrounds recalls asking how many floors were in his Design & Layout another floor. When I walk to lunch, I pass Tansri Muliani building. When nobody could give him a trucks carrying an assortment of building [email protected] definitive answer, Mr. Woolworth climbed the materials. On sunny days, I enjoy eating lunch Steven Henry stairs all the way to the top of his building so [email protected] in Zuccotti Park. There, I hear construction he could count the floors for himself. His workers talking about the day’s work or how building was, after all, the world’s tallest Published by the Yankees fared in yesterday’s game. Life in The Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat building and he thought it only proper to © CTBUH 2011 New York carries on. ISSN: 1946-1186 know exactly how many floors it contained. This year marks the 10th anniversary of the Another great celebration was the grand Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat WTC disaster. We will pause once again to opening of the Empire State Building on May S.R. Crown Hall, Illinois Institute of Technology remember those lost and honor the efforts of 3360 South State Street, Chicago, IL 60616 1, 1931. Dignitaries and New York socialites so many, this time with gleaming new t: +1 312 567 3487 turned out for the event. Grandchildren of construction as the backdrop. While this f: +1 312 567 3820 former Governor Al Smith had the honor of e: [email protected] edition of the Journal is devoted to the after cutting the ribbon and the show-stopper www.ctbuh.org effects of 9/11, we do not intend it as a came when President Herbert Hoover – with retrospective or a memorial. Instead, we Copyright the push of a button from his desk at the © 2011 Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat. choose to focus on the progress being made White House – turned on the building’s lights. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be to reconstruct the WTC site and surrounding reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, It was a triumphant day for American areas, and view the impact of the event on electronic or mechanical, without permission in writing construction works too. When the project from the publisher. disciplines around the world. We look forward broke ground on January 22, 1930, Wall Street to the WTC topping-out ceremonies and was still reeling from the Black Tuesday crash Image Copyright grand openings that mark the achievements CTBUH Journal has endeavored to determine the three months earlier. Despite a faltering global copyright holders of all images. Those uncredited have of our industry toward rebuilding the WTC site economy and growing Great Depression at been sourced from listed authors or from within CTBUH and revitalizing Lower Manhattan. home, they had built the world’s tallest Print building in only 410 days. Best Regards, This Journal is printed by Source4, Chicago. Front cover: World Trade Center site © Silverstein Properties/ Forty two years later, in the fall of 1972, One dbox studio World Trade Center (WTC) officially surpassed Back Cover: World Trade Center site under construction the Empire State Building in height. The Charles Killebrew, CTBUH Trustee © Jan Klerks 2 | This Issue CTBUH Journal | 2011 Issue III Inside Case Study: One World Trade Center, New York News and Events 36 Challenging Attitudes on 14 “While, in an era of supertall buildings, big of new development. The new World Trade Bridging over the tracks was certainly an Center Transportation Hub alone will occupy engineering challenge. “We used state-of-the- numbers are the norm, the numbers at One 74,300 square meters (800,000 square feet) to art methods of analysis in order to design one Codes and Safety serve 250,000 pedestrians every day. Broad of the primary shear walls that extends all the World Trade are truly staggering. But the real concourses (see Figure 2) will connect Tower way up the tower and is being transferred at One to the hub’s PATH services, 12 subway its base to clear the PATH train lines that are 02 This Issue story of One World Trade Center is the lines, the new Fulton Street Transit Center, the crossing it,” explains Yoram Eilon, vice Kenneth Lewis Nicholas Holt World Financial Center and Winter Garden, a president at WSP Cantor Seinuk, the structural innovative solutions sought for the ferry terminal, underground parking, and retail engineers for the project. “In addition, the Jose Torero Authors unprecedented challenges faced in building a and dining venues. layout of below grade structure and columns Kenneth Lewis, Managing Director took into account the dynamic envelope of Nicholas Holt, Technical Director The resulting underground challenges can be Charles Killebrew, Figure 2. Councourse below grade © SOM these train lines. The design of the structure project of this size on such a difficult site.” likened to a four-dimensional chess game. Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLP But the real story of One World Trade Center is also meets the Port Authority requirements 14 Wall Street First of all, obstructions exist three the innovative solutions sought for the that these lines remain operable during New York, NY 10005 The world knows what happened in Lower Manhattan on September 11, 2001. The twin dimensionally in overlapping planes at unprecedented challenges faced in building a construction. In order to comply, we designed t: +1 212 298 9300 towers of the World Trade Center and several other buildings were damaged or destroyed, varying depths. Secondly, per the brief, the f: +1 212 298 9500 project of this size on such a difficult site. a steel structure that bridges over the tracks, CTBUH Trustee e: [email protected] and more than 3,000 people were killed. The ground smoldered for months. Rescue was PATH train service was to remain operational which supported the wet concrete loads www.som.com replaced by recovery, which was followed by eight brutal months of removing thousands of and existing structures had to be preserved during construction and was eventually tons of debris from what became known as Ground Zero. What most people do not realize is throughout excavation and construction. Site integrated into the permanent structure.” 38 How WTC Affected Tall Kenneth Lewis that reconstruction of the 6.5-hectare (16-acre) site began soon after the cleanup, due to the Threading steel members, conduits, and Kenneth A. Lewis is a Director in SOM’s New York office. The project team was confronted with He joined the firm in 1986 and has served on a diverse fact that the initial work began underground and was therefore out of sight. shafts through the maze required precision range of projects including mixed-use developments, unprecedented challenges. The site sits over a timing not only to avoid service or commercial towers, corporate headquarters, and Now that buildings are emerging into the 10th anniversary of the attacks in September vast tangle of existing subterranean obstacles. Structural Design healthcare facilities. construction disruptions, but to ensure that light of day, the ambitious redevelopment is 2011.
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