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POLITICAL EMPOWERMENT OF WOMEN THROUGH PANCHAYATHI RAJ INSTITUTIONS By Dr. P. APPA RAO International E – Publication www.isca.me , www.isca.co.in POLITICAL EMPOWERMENT OF WOMEN THROUGH PANCHAYATHI RAJ INSTITUTIONS (A case study on Therlam Constituency of Vijayanagaram District of A.P.) By Dr. P. APPA RAO (M.A, M.phil, Ph.D.) Department of Politics S.V.V.P V.M.C. Degree and P.G. Centre M.V.P. Colony Visakhapatnam (This work was submitted by Dr. P. APPA RAO as Ph. D. thesis for the partial fulfilment of Ph.D. degree in Department of political science ., Andhra University Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh India in the year 2012) 2014 International E - Publication www.isca.me , www.isca.co.in International E - Publication 427, Palhar Nagar, RAPTC, VIP-Road, Indore-452005 (MP) INDIA Phone: +91-731-2616100, Mobile: +91-80570-83382 E-mail: [email protected] , Website: www.isca.me , www.isca.co.in © Copyright Reserved 2014 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored, in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, reordering or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. ISBN: 978-93-84648-24-4 International Science Congress Association www.isca.in , www.isca.co.in , www.isca.net.co , www.isca.net.in ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I express my heartfelt gratitude to my research director Dr.(Mrs.) K.Sreeranjani Subba RaoRao, Professor and HeadHead,Head Department of Politics and Public Administration, Andhra University for her valuable guidance and supervision from the beginning of my research work. My sincere thanks to Prof. P. Krishna Prasad,,,, Chairman, Board of Studies for their cooperation.I express my sincere thanks to Prof. K. Ravi, Prof. Mrs. B.Meena Rao, Prof. M. Madhu Sudan, Prof. K. Syamala Devi, Prof. E. A. Narayana, Prof. M. Nalini, and Dr. P. Premanandam for their encouragement and support. I am thankful to Dr.V.S.Krishna Library for their kind cooperation during my study in providing necessary information by opening the Library for innovative twenty four hours. Iam thank full to all the women members of Z.P.T.C, M.P.T.C, Sarpanches and ward members of Therlam constituency for the spairing their time and giving information with regard to the present research work. I also extend my thanks POLITICAL EMPOWERMENT OF WOMEN THROUGH PANCHAYATHI……….. iii International Science Congress Association www.isca.in , www.isca.co.in , www.isca.net.co , www.isca.net.in government offcials in the District collectorate, Zilla parishad, office of the M.D.O and the other officials of village level for giving me valuable information. I am also thank full to some of the senior citizens of both male and female of area under study for expressing there views with regard to the empowerment of women which I am able to utilize in the present research work. I thank G. Dharma Rao for his neat typing and timely help. I am thankful to my friends and co-scholars and my well wishers for their help and encouragement during my thesis work. Last but not the least I express my deep sense of gratitude towards my father Late Shri P. George and my mother Smt. Bangaramma for their patient moral support to complete this research work. I am extremely thankful to my wife Smt. Bharathi for her continuous encouragement in completing this piece of research work. P.APPA RAO POLITICAL EMPOWERMENT OF WOMEN THROUGH PANCHAYATHI……….. iv International Science Congress Association www.isca.in , www.isca.co.in , www.isca.net.co , www.isca.net.in INDEX Page CHAPTER No. CONTENT I INTRODUCTION … 1 - 29 II PANCHAYAT RAJ INSTITUTIONS AS VEHICLES … 30 - 65 OF EMPOWRING WOMEN III PROFILE OF THE DISTRICT … 66 - 87 SOCIO ECONOMIC BACKGROUND OF WOMEN IV … 88 - 118 REPRESENTATIVES POLITICAL EMPOWERMENT OF WOMEN IN V PANCHAYAT RAJ INSTITUTIONS OF THERLAM … 119 - 195 CONSTITUENCY VI CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS … 196 - 226 BIBLIOGRAPHY … 227 - 241 REFERENCES … 242- 249 POLITICAL EMPOWERMENT OF WOMEN THROUGH PANCHAYATHI……….. v International Science Congress Association www.isca.in , www.isca.co.in , www.isca.net.co , www.isca.net.in LIST OF TABLES Table. Table of Content Page. No. No. 1 Caste wise Division of women representatives NO. of 92 women Representatives 2 Age wise Division of Women Representatives 94 3 Marital Status of Women Representatives 97 4 Size-wise Division of Families of Women 98 Representatives 5 Religious division of the Women Representatives 103 6 Educational Qualifications of the Women 105 Representatives 7 News Papers and Periodicals Reader 106 8 Distribution of Women Leaders by their Family Income 109 9 Political Awareness among the women 113 Representatives 10 Showing the total elected ZPTC member in Therlam 119 Constituency in July 2006 11 Showing the total elected MPTC members in Therlam 119 Constituency in July 2006 12 Showing the total elected Sarpanches in Therlam 120 Constituency in August, 2006 13 Showing the total elected Ward Members in Therlam 122 Constituency in August 2006 14 Showing the priorities in the Development of the 125 Villages and Sources of Inspirations in Therlam Constituency POLITICAL EMPOWERMENT OF WOMEN THROUGH PANCHAYATHI……….. vi International Science Congress Association www.isca.in , www.isca.co.in , www.isca.net.co , www.isca.net.in 15 Relationships with the Political Parties, previous 130 involvement, and financial expenditure in the elections 16 Total elected Women representatives in Therlam 147 Constituency in 2006 17 Gram Sabha at Uttaravalli 148 18 Participatory Talents of Women Representatives 152 19 Distribution of women leaders in their response 154 towards 33% Percentage of Reservation of seats for women in the Political Bodies 20 Distribution of women leaders by their occupation 155 before entering into politics. 21 Distribution of women leaders by their rational behind 156 entering into politics. 22 Distribution of women leaders by their party 156 23 Distribution of women leaders by their expenditure in 157 their contesting of elections 2006 24 Distribution of women leaders opinion towards their 157 participation in mandal / district politics 25 Distribution of women leaders in their opinion towards 158 their leadership 26 Distribution of women leaders response towards 158 Direct and Indirect Elections in Pnachayat Raj Elections 27 Distribution of women leaders response towards 159 discharge of functions 28 Distribution of women leaders by their expectation of 159 support from their family members in discharging of duties ZPTC/MPTC/Sarpanch 29 Distribution of women leaders response towards the 160 cooperation of male officials when implementing the Government Programmes. POLITICAL EMPOWERMENT OF WOMEN THROUGH PANCHAYATHI……….. vii International Science Congress Association www.isca.in , www.isca.co.in , www.isca.net.co , www.isca.net.in 30 Distribution of women leaders in their response 161 towards getting sufficient funds on time from the higher administrative authorities 31 Distribution of women leaders in their expectation of 161 support from local area leaders in their duties/ functions 32 Distribution of women leaders by their attendance in 162 the training programmes of PRI meetings organized by Government Authorities 33 Distribution of women leaders by their response 162 towards the training improve the efficiency 34 Distribution of women leaders by their response 163 towards reaching of welfare schemes 35 Distribution of women leaders by their response 163 towards the role of ZPTC/MPTC/Sarpanch/Ward Member POLITICAL EMPOWERMENT OF WOMEN THROUGH PANCHAYATHI……….. viii International Science Congress Association www.isca.in , www.isca.co.in , www.isca.net.co , www.isca.net.in ABBREVIATIONS 1. INCS : Indian National Congress 2 TDP. : Telugu Desam Party 3 ZPTC : Zilla Parishad Territorial Constituency 4 MPTC : Mandal Parishad Territorial Constituency 5 WR : Women Representative 6 MDO : Mandal Development Officer 7 MRO : Mandal Revenue Officer 8 VAO : Village Administrative Officer 9 SC : Scheduled Caste 10 BC : Backward Caste 11 ST : Scheduled Tribe 12 OC : Other Caste 13 FC : Farward Caste 14 KV’s : Koppala Velama 15 OBC : Other Backward Caste 16 VS : Village Sarpanch POLITICAL EMPOWERMENT OF WOMEN THROUGH PANCHAYATHI……….. ix International Science Congress Association www.isca.in , www.isca.co.in , www.isca.net.co , www.isca.net.in 17 WM : Ward Member or Women Member 18 CMEY : Chief Minister Employment for Youth 19 PMRY : Prime Minister Rojgar Yojana 20 DWCRA : Development for women and Children in Rural Area 21 TRYSEM : Training of Rural Youth for Self Employment 22 WS : Women Sarpanch 23 FFW : Food for Work 24 ZP : Zilla Parishad 25 MP : Mandal Parishad 26 CEO : Chief Executive Officer 27 CPO : Chief Planning Officer 28 GPO : Gram Panchayat Office POLITICAL EMPOWERMENT OF WOMEN THROUGH PANCHAYATHI……….. x International Science Congress Association www.isca.in , www.isca.co.in , www.isca.net.co , www.isca.net.in CHPATER --- III INTRODUCTION Article 15 of the Constitution of India guarantees equal rights to both men and women. Though women were given equal status on par with men as citizens, keeping in view the special disabilities, Article 15(3) of the Indian Constitution also empowers the states to make any `special provision for women and children i even in violation of the fundamental obligations of non-discrimination among citizens, inter- alia of sex. Although independent India promised equality of opportunities to women in all spheres, women, especially in the political sphere are laying behind. It is well known that women around the world have not gained equal status with men especially in the political sphere because of male domination ii . The low political status of women through out the world had led to the emphasis on `political empowerment of women’. That political empowerment would be useful to achieve women’s empowerment in general has been accepted widely. Absence of political empowerment to women is also one of the main factors for the various problems that women are facing today.

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