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Battle of Block Island: “ -BLOCK ISLAND :- The Battle of Block Island: “... yelping from the mouths of her cannon... ” Off Block Island, Rhode Island 1. The Battle off Block Island, 6 April 1776 a. Approach, 0000-0230 HM Frigate Glasgow was a sixth rate, twenty gun ship of the smallest class normally “rated.” She carried a nominal crew of 160 men under the command of Captain Tyringham Howe. 1 In early April 1776 Glasgow was at Newport, Rhode Island, with the small squadron under Captain James Wallace. Wallace was under orders to withdraw to Halifax, and Glasgow had dispatches for the vessels to the south, and was under orders to proceed there. However, Wallace had a particular project in mind and wanted to keep all his vessels together long enough to accomplish that task. Wallace had sent out the Bolton and Hawke to cruise off Block Island with the promise that his fleet would soon join them. At 1200 on 5 April the British squadron got under sail exiting Newport. 2 At 1500, some of the fleet having difficulties, the Rose (Wallace' s flagship) bore away, 3 and the fleet anchored off the south end of Gold Island at 1700. 4 Glasgow continued out to sea, 5 accompanied by a small tender with a crew of three men. Glasgow steered out for Block Island, where Bolton and Hawke were supposed to be cruising. 1 NDAR, “List of British Ships at or Going to America,” 4:1090-1093 2 NDAR, “Journal of H.M.S. Glasgow , Captain Tyringham Howe,” 4:680; “Journal of H.M.S. Rose , Captain James Wallace,” 4:681-682 3 NDAR, “Journal of H.M.S. Rose , Captain James Wallace,” 4:681-682 4 NDAR, “Journal of H.M.S. Glasgow , Captain Tyringham Howe,” 4:680; “Journal of H.M.S. Rose , Captain James Wallace,” 4:681-682 5 NDAR, “Journal of H.M.S. Rose , Captain James Wallace,” 4:681-682 Comment on this or any page at our ©awiatsea.com-posted October 2020 --1-- The night was very pleasant; “Light Airs & fair.”6 At 0200 Glasgow was twenty-four miles southeast of Block Island, under easy sail, 7 with the water very smooth. 8 Glasgow ' s lookouts sighted a fleet of seven or eight sail on the weather beam, and Howe turned toward the strangers. He soon discovered “two, or three large ships, and other Square Rigged Vessels; Turned all hands to Quarters, and hauled up the Mainsail.” Glasgow , now under fighting sail, kept steering to the northwest, toward the strangers, who were coming down before the wind. 9 Unknown to Captain Howe, the American fleet had had the Glasgow and her tender under observation for an hour. At 0100 the Andrew Doria ' s lookouts had sighted two sail to the east southeast of the fleet. Biddle was roused and came on deck. The signal was hoisted for the Alfred and the fleet came down. 10 Alfred had noted the signal by 0130, when Captain of Marines Samuel Nicholas was awakened from his short nap by the cry of “all hands to quarters.”11 Nicholas soon mustered his Marines on deck. The main body under First Lieutenant Matthew Parke was placed in the ship' s barge, on the main deck. Captain Nicholas and the remainder, with Second Lieutenant John Fitzpatrick, took 6 NDAR, “Journal of H.M.S. Glasgow , Captain Tyringham Howe,” 4:680 7 NDAR, “Remarks on board His Majesty' s Ship Glasgow Saturday the 6th day of April 1776,” 4:680-681 8 NDAR, “Remarks on board His Majesty' s Ship Glasgow Saturday the 6th day of April 1776,” 4:680-681; “Journal of John Paul Jones,” 4:679-680; “Journal of John Paul Jones,” 4:679-680 9 NDAR, “Remarks on board His Majesty' s Ship Glasgow Saturday the 6th day of April 1776,” 4:680-681. Glasgow ' s journal indicates the sighting was at 0300. 10 NDAR, “Journal of the Continental Brig Andrew Doria , Captain Nicholas Biddle,” 4:679 and note 11 NDAR, “Extract of a Letter from the Captain of Marines [ Samuel Nicholas] , on board the Ship Alfred , dated at New-London, April 10, 1776,” 4:748-752 and 752 note Comment on this or any page at our ©awiatsea.com-posted October 2020 --2-- Continental Navy Fleet in cruising formation. About 400 yards between columns, and 100 yards between the brigs and the ships. Glasgow tacks to investigate. About 0100-0200 6 April 1776. Original chart by Ken Kellow. --3-- post on the quarterdeck. 12 Aboard Columbus the crew was going to quarters in some confusion, for sixteen men were serving on the prizes, and some shifting around had to be done. 13 The Glasgow looked large to Captain Nicholas as she bore down. Cabot was leading, with Alfred a hundred yards behind and slightly to windward. 14 Just as the American column and the British warship closed, Glasgow turned to the north, cutting behind the Cabot and the Alfred ,15 which turned parallel to her course. Columbus was placed behind all three by this maneuver and was forced to turn into Glasgow ' s wake to pursue. Glasgow now blanketed Columbus ' s sails so they would not draw and slowed her down considerably. 16 About 0200 the brig Cabot came up with the stranger. 17 To the men on the Glasgow she looked “much like the Bolton , but larger.”18 The British hailed the brig, identifying their vessel, 19 but she “seemed to hesitate about giving any answers,” and kept on standing toward the Glasgow .20 Hopkins was steering as close as possible before committing any action. The British hailed again, demanding to know what ships were in company with the brig. Hopkins replied “the Columbus and Alfred , a two and twenty Gun frigate .” 21 Immediately after the reply a hand grenade came spinning out of Cabot ’s fighting top, and she unleashed a broadside into the 12 NDAR, “Extract of a Letter from the Captain of Marines []Samuel Nicholas , on board the Ship Alfred , dated at New-London, April 10, 1776,” 4:748-752 and 752 note 13 NDAR, “Captain Abraham Whipple to Commodore Esek Hopkins,” 4:1328-1329 and 1329 note 14 NDAR, “Extract of a Letter from the Captain of Marines [ Samuel Nicholas] , on board the Ship Alfred , dated at New-London, April 10, 1776,” 4:748-752 and 752 note 15 NDAR, “Captain Abraham Whipple to Commodore Esek Hopkins,” 4:1328-1329 and 1329 note 16 NDAR, “Captain Abraham Whipple to Commodore Esek Hopkins,” 4:1328-1329 and 1329 note 17 NDAR, “Journal of the Continental Brig Andrew Doria , Captain Nicholas Biddle,” 4:679 and note 18 NDAR, “Remarks on board His Majesty' s Ship Glasgow Saturday the 6th day of April 1776,” 4:680-681 19 NDAR, “Extract of a Letter from the Captain of Marines []Samuel Nicholas , on board the Ship Alfred , dated at New-London, April 10, 1776,” 4:748-752 and 752 note; “Journal of the Continental Brig Andrew Doria , Captain Nicholas Biddle,” 4:679 and note 20 NDAR, “Remarks on board His Majesty' s Ship Glasgow Saturday the 6th day of April 1776,” 4:680-681 21 NDAR, “Remarks on board His Majesty' s Ship Glasgow Saturday the 6th day of April 1776,” 4:680-681 Comment on this or any page at our ©awiatsea.com-posted October 2020 --4-- Glasgow .22 It was then about 0230, 23 Newport bearing northeast at a distance of forty-five miles. 24 b. Action, 0230-0600 Glasgow had one Marine killed and one wounded at the first fire, 25 then she returned the broadside to Cabot, 26 and got off another one before Cabot ' s inexperienced gunners could reload. Cabot was damaged by the heavy weight of metal and Hopkins sheered off, 27 (or shot ahead to lay on the bow) 28 nearly fouling the Andrew Doria, which was forced to tack away from the action to avoid collision. 29 As Cabot pulled away, “a large Ship, with a top light” took her place beside the Glasgow .30 It was the Alfred ,31 the crew at quarters, battle lanterns shining below decks, where Lieutenant Jones commanded the main battery, 32 happy that the sea was calm enough to open the gun ports. Alfred had been unable to open fire before now, for the Cabot was masking her. 33 Alfred opened fire by raking the 22 NDAR, “Extract of a Letter from the Captain of Marines [ Samuel Nicholas] , on board the Ship Alfred , dated at New-London, April 10, 1776,” 4:748-752 and 752 note; “Remarks on board His Majesty' s Ship Glasgow Saturday the 6th day of April 1776,” 4:680-681 23 NDAR, “Remarks on board His Majesty' s Ship Glasgow Saturday the 6th day of April 1776,” 4:680-681 24 NDAR, “Captain Tyringham Howe, R.N., to Philip Stephens,” 4:1281 25 NDAR, “Connecticut Courant , Monday, May 20, 1776,” 5:168-169 26 NDAR, “Journal of the Continental Brig Andrew Doria , Captain Nicholas Biddle,” 4:679 and note; “Remarks on board His Majesty' s Ship Glasgow Saturday the 6th day of April 1776,” 4:680-681 27 NDAR, “Journal of the Continental Brig Andrew Doria , Captain Nicholas Biddle,” 4:679 and note; “Extract of a Letter from the Captain of Marines [ Samuel Nicholas] , on board the Ship Alfred , dated at New-London, April 10, 1776,” 4:748-752 and 752 note 28 NDAR, “Remarks on board His Majesty' s Ship Glasgow Saturday the 6th day of April 1776,” 4:680-681 29 NDAR, “Journal of the Continental Brig Andrew Doria , Captain Nicholas Biddle,” 4:679 and note 30 NDAR, “Remarks on board His Majesty' s Ship Glasgow Saturday the 6th day of April 1776,” 4:680-681 31 NDAR, “Journal of the Continental Brig Andrew Doria , Captain Nicholas Biddle,” 4:679 and note 32 NDAR, “Journal of John Paul Jones,” 4:679-680 33 Comment on this or any page at our ©awiatsea.com-posted October 2020 --5-- Cabot engages Glasgow.
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