DOCSLIB.ORG

In Vitro Fertilisabton

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
In Vitro Fertilisabton 48 Book reviews J Med Ethics: first published as 10.1136/jme.12.1.48-a on 1 March 1986. Downloaded from The of interests not only health-care profes- realistic appraisal of some of the scien- Management sionals directly involved with the allevi- tific and medical advances that have Terminal Malignant ation of subfertility, but many others accrued as a result of the clinical prac- also because of the moral and legal tice of the discipline, and those that Disease accrue if research in Dame Cicely Saunders, 250 pages, implications of establishing the precur- could, and should London, £22.50, Edward Arnold, 1984 sors of human life in the laboratory. the field is not prematurely and This book, edited by two pioneers in unnecessarily halted. For those Presentation of the material of this edi- the field of in vitro fertilisation, Profes- unfamiliar with the possibilities for the tion is essentially the same as previ- sor Carl Wood and Dr Alan Trounson future, this chapter will be revealing; ously, with up-dated references and of the Monash group in Australia, is for those inherently against the idea of statistics, but it has been rearranged to comprised offifteen chapters written by using human pre-embryos for research, make study easier. The major additions internationally acknowledged experts. this chapter will probably merely rein- to the clinical content are in line with It is divided into three parts and covers force their prejudices. For both how- current emphasis on home care and most aspects of this highly specialised ever, there is much to deliberate on. there is some interesting new material subject. Part one is concerned with Thus, rather than a treatise on the on paediatric terminal care. In particu- basic physiology of in vitro fertilisation moral or ethical debates about in vitro lar, Dr Twycross's chapter on pain and draws heavily on animal models to fertilisation, the bulk of the book is relief has been much improved. There demonstrate the principles involved. devoted to the biological bases of, and is a new chapter by Robert Baxter which Part two, Human Physiology, specifi- the therapeutic use of in vitro fertilisa- deals with specialised techniques for cally deals with aspects of ovulation tion and embryo replacement. Being a pain control. Mary Baine's chapter on induction, the fertilisation process, the book written in 1982/83 much of the the control of other symptoms has been assessment of pre-embryo viability, the data about the therapeutic results of in extensively rewritten and is much ultrastructure of pre-embryos and vitro fertilisation are now obsolete. clearer. It was a delight to read Profes- aspects of their long-term preservation This is not a failing of the authors or sor Dunstan's chapter on discerning the at low temperatures. Highly recom- the editors, but a function of the inhe- duties and of particular importance are mended are the chapters on the endoc- rent obsolescence of books about his comments on the duties of the doc- rinology offollicular growth (Healy and rapidly changing fields. However, this tor and nurse, although I think it would Hodgen) and stimulation of ovulation should in no way detract from its merit, have been fascinating had he expanded (Kerin and Seamark) which are the for as it stands it is probably the best his short discursion on the duties of the most lucid that I have read on these book on the subject currently availablecopyright. patient. His comment that the patient is somewhat involved topics. They will be although, with the explosion of know- in no condition to be lectured on ethics of particular help to the non-clinician ledge in this field, is unlikely to remain implies a number of value judgements, trying to fathom the empirical nature of so for long. for instance, that the rightness of many of the stimulation regimes cur- PETER actions changes with physical state. His rently being applied to in vitro fertilisa- BRAUDE comments on the patient's right to die, I Senior Research Associate, tion to try and attain or improve clinical Department ofObstetrics am sure, will provoke much thought. success. Part three is the How to do it In summary, this revised edition will and Gynaecology, University http://jme.bmj.com/ section of the book, and covers patient ofCambridge Clinical School prove an even more valuable vade- selection, techniques for oocyte mecum for those working in the field of recovery, embryo replacement and the terminal care. As the general editor says management ofensuing pregnancies. Selective in the foreword, there is some controv- Of interest to the ethicist are the ersial material and it is well known that opening and closing chapters. John Big- Nontreatment of the area of terminal care receives much gers's excellent introduction puts into Handicapped stimulus from the strength of the per- historical perspective the attempts to sonalities involved. However, the state- alleviate tubal infertility, and the his- Newborns on September 23, 2021 by guest. Protected ment 'it is extremely important to treat tory of in vitro fertilisation and embryo Robert Weir, 292 pages, New York, restlessness actively because of the transfer. It will come as a surprise to £25.00, Oxford University Press, 1984 stress it causes family and staff, if not many, that the first embryo transfer This is an uncomfortable book for a the patient himself' is a very difficult occurred as early as 1890, and the first paediatrician to review. By exploring one to understand and I think high- attempts at in vitro fertilisation in the the areas of ethical dilemma for the lights how ethical considerations may 1930s. It is also not commonly acknow- practising doctor involved in the care of help to clarify what has often been ledged that the first human pregnancy the newborn, many questions which obscured by emotion. following in vitro fertilisation and conveniently (or perhaps deliberately) DR ROBIN PUGSLEY embryo replacement occurred in 1975 have remained dormant, are thrust into MedicalDirector, StJroseph's Home Care although it was not until 1978 that the life. The arrangement of the material, Service, first live birth was reported. Professor with its case histories and personal StJoseph's Hospice, Mare Street, Biggers's chapter re-emphasises the views, brings the reader into a decision- Hackney, London E8 4SA inappropriateness of the current politi- making role. These decisions, as repor- cal hysteria about research which ted in the book, can then be compared In Vitro Fertilisabton utilises fertilisation in vitro when con- with those of the experts, allowing the and Embryo Transfer trols have been called for by involved reader a very active - though exhausting scientists and clinicians for well over a - experience of the difficulties. Editors, Alan Trounson and Carl decade. Wood, 254 pages, Great Britain, £25, The book starts with a review of the Churchill The final chapter by the doyen of the history of infanticide which, although Livingstone, 1984 subject, Bob Edwards, provides a morbidly fascinating, perhaps suggests In vitro fertilisation is a subject which perspective of a different kind. It is a to the reader that the author has come to.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • “Pregnancy Established in an Infertile Patient After Transfer of a Donated
    Published on The Embryo Project Encyclopedia (https://embryo.asu.edu) “Pregnancy Established in an Infertile Patient After Transfer of a Donated Embryo Fertilized In Vitro” (1983), by Alan Trounson, John Leeton, Mandy Besanko, Carl Wood, and Angelo Conti [1] By: Tuoti, Whitney Alexandra Keywords: test-tube babies [2] history of IVF [3] donor oocyte [4] In 1983, researchers Alan Trounson [5], John Leeton, Carl Wood, Mandy Besanko, and Angelo Conti published the article “Pregnancy Established in an Infertile Patient After Transfer of a Donated Embryo Fertilized In Vitro” in The British Medical Journal. In the article, the authors discuss one of the first successful experiments usingi n vitro [6] fertilization [7], or IVF, with the use of a human donor embryo at the Monash University and Queen Victoria Medical Center in Melbourne, Australia. Prior to the article’s publication, it was uncertain whether scientists could successfully use human donor embryos in IVF techniques. Although the pregnancy [8] ended in a miscarriage [9] ten weeks later, it showed that IVF was possible for those who needed to use someone else’s donated egg [10] cells. Trounson and his colleagues’ paper provided a basis for future IVF pregnancies using donated embryos and helped develop a treatment option for men and women who could not conceive through sexual intercourse [11] alone. IVF is a medical procedure in which the fertilization [7] of an egg [10] cell by sperm [12] occurs in a glass dish in a laboratory setting rather than in a woman’s body. The process of an IVF procedure using donated embryos begins when physicians give a fertile woman a drug and hormones [13] in order to stimulate the production of multiplee gg [10] cells in the uterus [14].
    [Show full text]
  • Download Ejournal
    September - November 2011 What a long strange trip it has been Twenty-five years have elapsed searching for hours through the since the first World Congress on heavy volumes of the yearly Endometriosis (WCE) was held in Index Medicus in order to find Clermont-Ferrand in 1986. citations of interest for our research. Professor Maurice Bruhat, a visionary leader who left an Professor Michel Canis shared indelible mark in gynaecology, this with us, at the opening developed one of his great ideas: ceremony of the 11th World A/Professor Paolo Vercellini WES President bringing together the most Congress on Endometriosis authoritative experts in the (WCE2011), because his PhD Indeed, strenuous research field of endometriosis with the thesis – with 325 citations – efforts and an enormous amount objective of sharing the best formed the basis for that very of findings have now clarified available scientific evidence on first world congress in 1986. several aspects of the a disease that was not under A lot of water has gone under the pathogenesis of endometriosis the spotlight as much as today. bridge since that congress! and defined the effect of At that time, the internet was yet treatment options in different However, if you were lucky to come and another ten years clinical conditions. enough to have access to the very had to pass before PubMed first scientific programme, you The world congresses that became available. Those who would be surprised how several followed always brought now have grey hair, or no more topics that were addressed in milestones in our hair at all, can remember 1986 are still actual today: understanding and Classification and Diagnosis, management of the disease.
    [Show full text]
  • History of Clinical IVF
    Knowing Where We Came From: History of Clinical IVF Thomas B. Pool, Ph.D., HCLD Fertility Center of San Antonio San Antonio, Texas Disclosures “The vast majority of human beings dislike and even actually dread all notions with which they are not familiar…Hence, it comes about that at their first appearance, innovators have generally been persecuted, and always, derided as fools and madmen.” Aldous Huxley author Brave New World, 1932 “Most human beings have an almost infinite capacity for taking things for granted”. Acknowledgements I want to thank the following individuals for their altruism and assistance in preparing this presentation for the College of Reproductive Biology: Peter Brinsden (l) with James Watson and Bob Edwards Lucinda Veeck Gosden Kay Elder Professor Sir Richard L. Gardner Jacques Cohen Cohen, Jacques, 2013. From Pythagoras and Aristotle to Boveri and Edwards: a history of clinical embryology and therapeutic IVF. In: Textbook of Clinical Embryology (Coward K., Wells, D.,eds) Cambridge University Press, p177-102. Henry Leese The early history of IVF 1 • Aristotle (384-322 BC) proposed the theory that children are a product of “the mingling of male and female seed”. This opposed the prevailing theory that children were from the male seed and women merely the “receptacle for the child”. • William Harvey (1578-1657) studied the fertility of the King’s herd of deer, and wrote: “De generatione animalium” in1651, in which occurs the well known phrase: “Ex ovo omnia” – “from the egg is everything”. • Antonj van Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723) carried out the first studies on human sperm with the newly invented microscope.
    [Show full text]
  • In Vitro Fertilisabton
    48 Book reviews J Med Ethics: first published as 10.1136/jme.12.1.48 on 1 March 1986. Downloaded from The of interests not only health-care profes- realistic appraisal of some of the scien- Management sionals directly involved with the allevi- tific and medical advances that have Terminal Malignant ation of subfertility, but many others accrued as a result of the clinical prac- also because of the moral and legal tice of the discipline, and those that Disease accrue if research in Dame Cicely Saunders, 250 pages, implications of establishing the precur- could, and should London, £22.50, Edward Arnold, 1984 sors of human life in the laboratory. the field is not prematurely and This book, edited by two pioneers in unnecessarily halted. For those Presentation of the material of this edi- the field of in vitro fertilisation, Profes- unfamiliar with the possibilities for the tion is essentially the same as previ- sor Carl Wood and Dr Alan Trounson future, this chapter will be revealing; ously, with up-dated references and of the Monash group in Australia, is for those inherently against the idea of statistics, but it has been rearranged to comprised offifteen chapters written by using human pre-embryos for research, make study easier. The major additions internationally acknowledged experts. this chapter will probably merely rein- to the clinical content are in line with It is divided into three parts and covers force their prejudices. For both how- current emphasis on home care and most aspects of this highly specialised ever, there is much to deliberate on.
    [Show full text]
  • Assisted Reproductive Technology After the Birth of Louise Brown
    logy & Ob o st ec e tr n i y c s G Kamel, Gynecol Obstet 2013, 3:3 Gynecology & Obstetrics DOI; 10.4172/2161-0932.1000156 ISSN: 2161-0932 Review Article Open Access Assisted Reproductive Technology after the birth of Louise Brown Remah MA Kamel* Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bristol, UK Abstract Background: Public interest in Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) has remained high since the birth of the world’s first in-vitro fertilization baby, Louise Brown, in the United Kingdom. ART allows scientists to manipulate the fertilization process in order to bypass some pathological obstacles such as blocked fallopian tubes and non- functioning ovaries in the females, and blocked vas deferens and low sperm count in the males. Objectives: To provide a historical outline and identify the researches that most contributed to the ART. Methods: A review of published experimental and clinical studies of assisted reproduction carried out at the University of Bristol library website (MetaLib®). A cross-search of seven different medical databases; (AMED-Allied and Complementary Medicine Database, BIOSIS Previews on Web of Knowledge, Cochrane Library, Embase, and the Medline on Web of Knowledge, OvidSP and PubMed) completed by using the key words to explore the major milestones and progress in the development and implementation of ART. Results: A speedy advancement in the development of different assisted reproductive techniques makes infertility problem more treatable than it ever had been. Conclusion: Although no other field in the medicine has integrated new knowledge into the daily practice more quickly than ART yet, there is a need for social research to counterbalance the dominance of biomedical one, in particular the people’s actual experiences and expectations of the ART.
    [Show full text]
  • At the Frontier of Tomorrow's Medicine
    At the frontier of tomorrow’s medicine 1 | Stem Cells Australia Milestones in Australian stem cell research 1990s • Approval of drug to fight 1980s infection and support blood stem cell transplant based on Metcalf discovery (Amgen) • Australia pioneers IVF technology, 1960s first donor egg and frozen embryo pregnancies (Carl Wood & Alan Trounson) • Factors that control blood • Stem cells discovered in mouse brain cell development identified (Perry Bartlett) (Don Metcalf) • New methods to mobilise blood stem cells transforms bone marrow transplants (Chris Juttner & Luen Bik To; Don Metcalf & Uli Dührsen) • Factor that controls mouse embryonic stem cell growth identified(Nic Gough) What are stem cells? There are more than 200 different types of cells in the human body. Each of these has a specific job. For example, red blood cells carry oxygen. By contrast, stem cells are unspecialised and are capable of 1) making a copy of themselves, and 2) creating the more specialised cells needed to replace those lost to injury, disease and daily wear and tear. There are two main types of stem cells. Tissue stem cells are found in many of our organs but can usually only create cells of that organ. Pluripotent stem cells can be coaxed to form any cell type in the body. 2 | Stem Cells Australia 2010s • Stem cells grown on therapeutic contact lens restores sight in blinding corneal disease (Stephanie Watson & Nick Di Girolamo) • Stem Cells Australia – ARC Special Research 2000s Initiative – commences • New type of stem cell identified in the adult heart
    [Show full text]
  • (1984) Front Matter Clinical
    Clinical In Vitro Fertilization Edited by Carl Wood and Alan Trounson With 23 Figures Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York Tokyo 1984 Carl Wood, CBE, FRCS, FRCOG, FRACOG Chairman Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Monash University Queen Victoria Medical Centre Melbourne, Australia Alan Trounson, MSc, PhD Senior Lecturer in Obstetrics and Gynaecology Queen Victoria Medical Centre Melbourne, Australia ISBN-13: 978-1-4471-3319-3 e-ISBN-13: 978-1-4471-3317-9 DOl: 10.1007/978-1-4471-3317-9 Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Main entry under title: Clinical in vitro fertilization. Bibliography: p. Includes index. 1. Fertilization in vitro, Human. I. Wood, Carl. II. Trounson,Alan,1946- . RG135.C57 1983 618.8 83-17155 The work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically those of translation, reprinting, re-use of illustrations, broadcasting, reproduction by photocopying, machine or similar means, and storage in data banks. Under §54 of the German Copyright Laws where copies are made for other than private use, a fee is payable to 'Verwertungsgesellschaft Wort', Munich. © by Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1984 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1984 The use of general descriptive names, trade marks, etc. in this publication, even if the former are not to be taken as a sign that such names, as understood by the Trade Marks and Merchandise Marks Act, may accordingly be used freely by anyone. Typeset by Wilmaset, Birkenhead, Merseyside Printed by William Clowes (Beccles) Limited, Beccles, Suffolk. 212813916543210 Preface Man is entering a new era as a result of advances in human reproduction.
    [Show full text]
  • Picture As Pdf Download
    Reflections Obituaries Edwin Carlyle (Carl) Wood AC, CBE, MB BS, FRCS, FRCOG, FRACOG CARL WOOD was an outstanding Australian gynaecologist instruments, having tantrums or blaming the assistant. Even who pioneered in-vitro fertilisation (IVF) and is often after he stopped obstetric clinical practice, he was consulted referred to as “the father of IVF”. by colleagues faced with a challenging patient — testament The son of Melbourne gynaecologist Carlyle Wood and his to the respect he commanded from his peers. wife Ruth, Carl was born on 28 May 1929. He attended He had many endearing features. He very generously Wesley College, and studied medicine at Melbourne shared the credit for his achievements with his team, was University before specialising in obstetrics and gynaecology. inclusive of colleagues who had skills to offer, and could He spent time in London and the United States, pioneering ignore someone’s negative characteristics while encouraging the technique of intrapartum fetal monitoring to predict fetal their positive contribution. He successfully managed the distress, thus preventing the death of or damage to many egos of the IVF team, and kept us working together for the babies during labour. In 1964, he was appointed foundation common good. But most of all, he was fun to work with. Carl Professor of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at Monash often entertained us with his anecdotes, and was very open and analytical when speaking about himself. University, a post that he held until 1992. Carl was recognised for his achievements with a During the 1970s and 1980s, he led the Monash IVF team, Commander of the British Empire in 1982 and a Companion which became the world leader in IVF technology and made of the Order of Australia in 1995.
    [Show full text]
  • Professor and Carl Wood Chair of Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University Research Director, Women’S and Newborn Program, Monash Health
    PROFESSOR AND CARL WOOD CHAIR OF DEPARTMENT OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY, MONASH UNIVERSITY RESEARCH DIRECTOR, WOMEN’S AND NEWBORN PROGRAM, MONASH HEALTH DEPARTMENT/UNIT Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology FACULTY/DIVISION Faculty of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences CLASSIFICATION Level E DESIGNATED CAMPUS OR LOCATION Monash Medical Centre ORGANISATIONAL CONTEXT MONASH UNIVERSITY Monash is full of thinkers and doers who are looking for their next challenge. So if you’ve forged a rewarding career so far, this role provides the perfect platform to join us. You’ll have access to quality research facilities, infrastructure and teaching spaces to do exciting work, along with opportunities to collaborate internationally. You’ll be part of a university that’s made up of inspirational, challenging thinkers and doers – and continue doing work that makes a lasting impact. Discover more at www.monash.edu. The Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, is the largest faculty at Monash University, and offers the most comprehensive suite of professional health training in Victoria. We consistently rank in the top 40 universities worldwide for clinical, pre-clinical and health sciences. We want to improve the human condition. That is our vision - it has no expiration date. Through academic health centres, other translational models and by educating the healthcare workforce of the future, our staff, students and alumni directly improve quality of life. Contributing to the global health care agenda, the Faculty aspires to lead in all areas of research activity and influence local, national and international policy to improve health and social outcomes and health inequalities. We’ve made a major impact in the world of medical research and become globally recognised for our quality education of over 41,000 doctors, nurses, and allied health professionals.
    [Show full text]
  • Success Breeds More Problems Lawsuit Settled out of Court
    _NA_TU__ ~__ v_o_t.._~_~_I2 __ MA__ Y_I9_8J _______________________________ NEVVS,-----------------------------------------------~-m In vitro fertilization Pauling institute Success breeds more problems Lawsuit settled Canberra number of laparoscopies could be reduced, A DEVELOPMENT in the in vitro fertilization thus sparing the patient considerable in­ (IVF) work of Professor Carl Wood's convenience. According to the protocol out of court group in Melbourne has resulted in a suc­ developed by the Melbourne group, ovula­ THE Linus Pauling Institute of Science and cessful pregnancy following implantation tion is induced by the administration of fer­ Medicine at Menlo Park, California, has in a woman's uterus of an embryo tility drugs so that as many eggs as possible agreed to pay $575,000 to settle a lawsuit previously frozen for four months in liquid are collected in a single laparoscopy. The brought by Arthur Robinson, co-founder nitrogen. The success was announced last overall improvement in the number of of the institute and for an initial period its week by Dr Alan Trounson, who im­ pregnancies per patient since 1979 is largely president. The suit has been hanging over planted the embryo in an infertile patient due to the increased fertilization rate and the centre for the past two years, some time 14 weeks ago. Two of the eight cells of the the fact that more than one embryo is im­ after Robinson had ceased to be director. It embryo were damaged during thawing but planted simultaneously. However, the has now been settled out of court. a normal fetus is assured from the number of pregnancies per embryo im­ Robinson, in his suit, which had claimed multi potential nature of embryonic cells at planted has remained low.
    [Show full text]
  • 2016 Annual Meeting General Session Lay Summary Thursday, September 22, 2016 - Opening General Session
    2016 Annual Meeting General Session Lay Summary Thursday, September 22, 2016 - Opening General Session Outgoing AACPDM President, Eileen Fowler, PhD, PT, outlined the progress the Academy has made during the last year in the areas of research, service delivery and quality improvement, and partnership and collaboration. Specifically, she highlighted the Cerebral Palsy Common Data Elements developed by the Academy’s working groups in partnership with National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, the Academy’s Care Pathways to standardize care for children with developmental disabilities using evidence-based guidelines, the newly founded International Alliance of Academies of Childhood Disability, the 2016 AACPDM Community Council meeting that improved engagement with families and community members, and the new E-Courses for professional development. Dr. Fowler then introduced the 70th AACPDM President, Unni Narayanan, MD, MSc, orthopaedic surgeon at the Hospital for Sick Children and Associate Professor at the University of Toronto. Dr. Narayanan took the opportunity to thank his mentors, colleagues, and family, as well as the 2016 AACPDM program committee and staff. John Ioannidis, MD, DSc, a professor of Medicine, Health Research and Policy, and Statistics at Stanford University, delivered the Presidential Guest Lecture entitled Improving Research Practice. He discussed how over-emphasis on advanced statistics without an understanding of basic health research principles makes advancing our understanding more difficult. He proposed that scientists collaborate on large projects, maintain openness about the research process, use better health research principles in designing studies, and improve the reporting of research outcomes through standardization. Above all, he recommended that academic success and advancement should come to researchers who demonstrate quality, reproducibility, collaboration, and real-world impact of their work, rather than on the number of research studies they have published.
    [Show full text]