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Qalat Saleh 2018 Copyright © United Nations Human Settlements Programme in Iraq (UN-HABITAT) 2018 All rights reserved United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-HABITAT) www.unhabitat.org DISCLAIMER The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any county, territory, city or area or its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries regarding its economic system or degree of development. Excerpts may be reproduced without authorization, on condition that the source is indicated. Views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect those of the United Nations Human Settlements Programme, the United Nations and its member states. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS UN-Habitat Iraq thanks the European Union for its support and interest in sustainable urban development and the implementation of the New Urban Agenda in Iraq. This report was developed under the Local Area Development Programme (LADP-EU) by Anna Soave, Haitham Obaid Riwaih Shamkawi, Natacha Rohmer, and Dr Sara Mahmoud Al Jawari, with contributions from Bozhan Hawizy and Rania Kamal and Dr Rafid Al Jamawandi. Special thanks go to Ivan Thung. The UN-Habitat team would like to express its deep gratitude to the people of Qalat Saleh and Amarah, in Maysan Governorate, whose valuable inputs have helped to shape this proposal. We would like to thank in particular H.E. Ali Dawai, Maysan Governor; Ghadeer Abduljabbar Ridah, Qalat Saleh Municipality; Hayder Shefi Jankeez, Maysan Planning Directorate; Mohammed Hussien Abdulsada; Ahmed Hadi Abd Ali; Hussien Raheem Lazim, Directorate of Physical Planning of Maysan; Kudair Abdul Abbas; H.E. Jabbar Hashim Salman, Mayor of Qalat Saleh; Ali Haider Salman, DC Member; Gateaa Ateya Mohawes; Khalaf Thiyab; Jabbar Fakhir Louti; Hassan Atiyah Wariosh; Sadoon Kudair, Maysan Municipality Directorate; Salah Falih Habib; Abdul Ridha Salim, Water Resources in Maysan; Mahdi Khanjar Aziz; Abbas Helo Ali, Real Estate of Qalat Saleh; Aqeel Khadum Muhsin, Agricultural University; Ali Abdul Ridha. Finally, UN-Habitat acknowledges the unwavering support of the Iraqi Ministry of Planning, namely H.E. Dr Maher Johan, Deputy Minister; Dr Mohammed Muhsin Al Sayed, Director General of Local and Regional Development; and Dr Sawsan Jabbar Ibraheem, Head of Local Planning Department. Graphic design: Anna Soave Cover photo: Bird’s eye view of Qalat Saleh. © UN-Habitat, 2017. [VERSION 3] iv TABLE OF CONTENT TABLE OF CONTENT ................................................................................................................................................ v ACRONYMS & ABBREVIATIONS ............................................................................................................................ vii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................................................................ 1 1. INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................................................. 3 1.1. LADP-led Planning process .................................................................................................................... 4 1.2. The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development ................................................................................... 5 1.3. SDG 11: Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable ..................... 6 1.4. The New Urban Agenda ......................................................................................................................... 7 2. TOOLS FOR ACHIEVING SUSTAINABLE URBAN EXPANSIONS ......................................................................... 8 2.1. Guiding sustainable urban development through Planned Expansions ................................................ 8 2.2. Five Sustainable Urban Planning Principles ......................................................................................... 12 3. THE URBANISATION CONTEXT OF IRAQ ....................................................................................................... 14 3.1. Challenges to sustainable urban growth ............................................................................................. 14 3.2. Guiding sectoral investments at Governorate level ............................................................................ 15 3.3. Instruments for regional spatial policy and integrated territorial development in Iraq ..................... 16 3.4. Challenging shortcomings in poverty reduction .................................................................................. 17 3.5. Urban extensions and land allocation policies .................................................................................... 18 3.6. Urban spatial policy making and the implementation of the New Urban Agenda in Iraq ................... 20 4. URBANISATION ALONG THE MAYSAN SOUTH-EASTERN AXIS ..................................................................... 22 4.1. Economic base and linkages ................................................................................................................ 22 4.2. Maysan districts indicators .................................................................................................................. 23 4.3. An eastern urban development corridor striving to assert itself ........................................................ 25 4.4. Patterns of urban growth in Maysan ................................................................................................... 26 4.5. Urban growth poles and nodes along the southern section of the Tigris River .................................. 29 5. THE TOWN OF QALAT SALEH: CONTEXT, CHALLENGES AND POTENTIALS .................................................. 30 5.1. The town of Qalat Saleh in context ..................................................................................................... 30 5.2. A town suffering from the inefficiencies of over-centralised planning procedures ........................... 38 5.3. Informal settlements and encroachments over public land ................................................................ 39 5.4. Overview of recent and planned expansion areas .............................................................................. 40 5.5. Qalat Saleh today: a town at a development crossroad ...................................................................... 42 5.6. Strengthening the role of small and intermediate urban nodes in rural and regional development and poverty reduction ......................................................................................................................... 43 5.7. Investing in a socially-inclusive economic growth scenario ................................................................ 48 v 6. PLANNING FOR QALAT SALEH’S URBAN EXTENSION .................................................................................. 51 6.1. Urban infilling and cluster densification .............................................................................................. 51 6.2. Improved connectivity and enhancement of public spaces through urban retrofitting ..................... 52 6.3. Planned and phased grid urban expansion with variable density and mixity of uses ......................... 56 6.4. Upgrading, integration and regularisation of informal settlements .................................................... 60 7. TYPICAL APPROVAL PROCEDURES FOR URBAN EXPANSIONS IN IRAQ ........................................................ 62 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL SOURCES ................................................................................................................................. 64 ANNEX 2: MAPS OF THE MARSHES ....................................................................................................................... 75 ANNEX 3: COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF GDP BY GOVERNORATE ........................................................................ 76 vi ACRONYMS & ABBREVIATIONS BP British Petroleum COSIT Central Organisation for Statistics and Information Technology EI Education Index EU European Union GOI Government of Iraq GUS Governorate Urban Strategies IDPs Internally Displaced People IHSES Iraq Household Socio-Economic Survey ISIL Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant KRG Kurdistan Regional Government LADP Local Area Development Programme LED Local Economic Development LPG Liquefied Petroleum Gas MICS4 Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey MOMCHPW Ministry of Municipalities, Construction & Housing, and Public Works MOP Ministry of Planning NDP National Development Plan NIRAS (Development consultancy consortium based in Denmark) NUA New Urban Agenda NUS National Urban Strategy OSSI Outline Spatial Strategy for Iraq SDG Sustainable Development Goal TOD Transit Oriented Development UNDAF United Nations Development Assistance Framework UNDP United Nations Development Programme UN-Habitat United Nations Human Settlements Programme vii Addressing expansion needs in the town of Qalat Saleh EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, which aims to ‘leave no one behind’, recognizes the importance of leveraging good urbanization as a solution to the global challenges of poverty, exclusion, peace and security. The New Urban Agenda (NUA), adopted by Member States in
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