Progressive Research – An International Journal Society for Scientific Development Volume 11 (3) : 438-439, (2016) in Agriculture and Technology Print ISSN : 0973-6417, Online ISSN : 2454-6003 Meerut (U.P.) INDIA

VARI A TION OF NU TRI TIONAL CON TENTS IN FIN GER MIL LET ( L.) VARIETES/GERMPLASM Chetna Gangwar and R.N. Kewat De part ment of Bio chem is try Narendra Deva Uni ver sity of Ag ri cul ture and Tech nol ogy, Kumarganj, Faizabad. E-mail : [email protected] Note : A Part of PhD thesis of First Author

Finger is Eleusine coracana sub-species field trail. Seeds were harvested threshed and their coracanabelongs to the family Poaceae. Eleusine, the were removed through the traditional methods .Finally generic name, which is a Greek word meaning ‘Goddess kernel were collected powdered and analyzed for various of ’. Finger millet (Eleusine coracana L.) is also biochemical parameters. known as African millet and is commonly called “ragi” in Experimental Details : The seeds of Ragi millet India. The word ragi originated from a Sanskrit word “raga” germplasm VL- 175, VL-149, VL-204, VL-315, VL-324, meaning red. Being one of the ancient , it is believed VL-124, VL-146,GPU-48,GPU-45 and GPU-28 were sown to be originated in East Africa and introduced into India by in Randomized Block Design with three replications. sea traders around 3000 B.C. As nutritional supplement, Besides this, all other recommended agronomical the food products are fed to pregnant and lactating practices were adopted to achieve a good . Protein mothers, babies and the sick persons. Finger millet is content in was determined by (3). Total mineral primarily consumed in developing countries and it is often content was determined by the method as described by referred to as a “crop for the poor” or a “famine food”, (4). Total carbohydrate content was determined by the because of and high nutritional and medicinal properties it methods of (5). Total sugar was determined by the method has proved to be a “super ”. Rich source of of (6) using phenol reagent. The content of crude fibre in phytochemicals and dietary fibre which offer several dried grains of finger millet was analyses by the method as health benefits. The hyperglycemic activity of ragi millet described by (4). has evidence the hypoglycemic, hypochole-sterolaemic, Protein content in various germplasmragi was nephroprotective and anticataractogenic properties of obtained between 7.36 to 8.33 per cent. All the finger millet, suggesting its utility as a functional ingredient in diets for diabetics. germplasm regarding the protein content were observed significant. (7, 8) also studied the protein quality The women with signs of cardiovascular disease like parameters and showed that the protein content is high blood pressure, increased cholesterol content. It also influenced by the parameters mainly biological value, net forms an essential part of nervous system and cell protein utilization. The carbohydrate contentin different membranes. The body metabolism linoleic acid into germplasm of Ragi millet was recorded in the range of the arachidonic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, respectively, 69.70 -74.80%. Ragi millet germplasm and observed which are essential to the normal development of the similar range of carbohydrate. (9) studied the seed central nervous system (1). Brown varieties contained carbohydrate content of Ragi millet and found similar (1.2–2.3%) higher proportions of polyphenols than white range carbohydrate. The total sugar contentin different (0.3–0.5%) varieties of this minor millet. The main germplasm of Ragi millet was recorded in the range of the polyphenols in this minor millet are phenolic acid and (1.40 – 2.90%). Studied the nutritional quality of some tannin, while flavonoids are present in small quantities. Ragi millet germplasm and observed similar range of total Ragi had highest phytic acid (685 mg/100g) total sugar. (10) studied the seed total sugar content of Ragi polyphenols 298 mg/100g, and tannins (18.75mg/100g), millet and found similar range total sugar. Studied the flavonoids (23.68 mg/100g) and trypsin inhibitors nutritional quality of some Ragi millet germplasm and (102.6mg/100g) (2). Most of the Indian diet is deficient in observed similar range of reducing sugar. (11) studied the one or two nutritional component so this millet is helpful in seed reducing sugar content of Ragi millet and found providing protein, vitamin and minerals. Considering the similar range reducing sugar. The mineral content of Ragi importance ragi millet the present present study was millet germplasm varied between 2.50-3.40 per cent. conducted to estimate various nutritional content. Total mineral content among all the Ragi millet Experimental Materials : Ten germplasm of Finger millet germplasm varied significantly. Similar range of total (Ragi) namely were collected from different parts of mineral content in Ragigermplasm was also reported (12) country Uttarakhand (Almora), Patna (Bihar), and studied on several genotypes of minor millets regarding Jharkhand (Rachi), karnatak (mysore) and Taminadu total mineral content and found its highest proportion (krishnagiri) were used as experimental materials in the inRagi millet. Crude fibre is one of the important Gangwar and Kewat 439

Table-1 : Nutritional characteristics of finger millet varieties. S.N. Germplasm Protein content Total minerals Carbohydrae Total suga r (%) (%) (%) (%) 1. VL-175 7.60 2.300 71.566 1.636 2. VL-149 7.62 3.566 73.733 1.520 3. VL-204 7.63 2.733 75.366 1.740 4. VL-315 7.50 2.800 73.500 1.626 5. VL-324 8.23 3.433 72.433 1.566 6. VL-124 8.33 3.633 73.333 1.560 7. VL-146 7.83 3.766 79.233 1.840 8. GPU-48 7.36 3.666 75.603 1.613 9. GPU-45 7.53 3.200 78.526 1.563 10. GPU-28 7.50 3.245 73.500 1.573 C.D. at 5% at level of significance 0.599 0.464 1.056 0.046 nutraceutical components with wide range of health and Calcium Rich Malted Health Drink Power, J. Food benefits. The crude fibre content of Ragi millet germplasm Process Technol, 9 (4) : 3-18. varied from 3.30-4.00%. (8). Observed nutrient composi- 3. Lowery, O.H.; Rosebrough, N. J.; Farr, A. M.; and Randal, R. tion and crude fibre content inragi millet which is an J;(1951). Protein measurement with the follin phenol important parameter for determining the quality reagent. Journal Biochem. 19(3) : 265-275. component. High crude fibre content in ragi millet was 4. Hart, F.L.; and Fisher, H.S.; (1971). Modern food analysis. Springer Verlog, New Yark. also reported by (9). The total free amino acid contentin 5. Yemm, F.W.; and Willis, A.J. (1954). The estimation of different germplasm of Ragi millet was recorded in the carbohydrate in plant extract by anthrone reagent. range of the 24.36–42.33mg/100g protein. Studied the Biochem, J. 5(7) : 505-514. nutritional quality of some Ragi millet germplasm and 6. Dubois, M.; Cilles, R.A.; Hamilton, J.K.; Robers, R.A.; observed similar range of total free amino acid studied the amdAmith, F. (1956). Use of phenol reagent for the seed total free amino acid content of Ragi millet and found determination of total sugar. Annal. Chem. 28 : (2) similar range. 350-387. 7. Varma V, and Patel, S.(2012). Value added products from CONCLUSION nutri-cereals: Finger millet (Eleusine coracana) Emir. J. Food Agric. 25 (3) : 169-176. On the basis of biochemical observations it can be 8. Malleshi, N.G. (2011). Decorticated finger millet concluded that the variety VL-146 are very useful because (Eleusinecoracana L.) US Patent : 200(3) : 185-251. these are good source of protein (7.89%), mineral 9. Veenu, V.; and Patel, S. (2013). Nutritional security and (3.766%), carbohydrate (79.00%), total sugar (1.840%) value added products from finger millets (ragi) Emir. J. and minimum antinutrients such as total phenol and tannin Food Agric. 2(3) : 125-138. content are rated superior among the all 10. Chethan, S.; Dharmesh, SM. and Malleshi, NG. (2008). varieties/germplasm. Inhibition of aldose reductase from cataracted eye lenses by finger millet (Eleusine coracana L.) polyphenols. Bioorg On the basis of overall observation variety VL-146 Med Chem16 : 10085–10090. was found superior in physical and biochemical 11. Jandik, P.; Clark, AP.; Avdalovic, N.; Andersen, DC.; Cacia, parameters followed by VL-334 were utilized in further J; (1999). Analyzing mixtures of amino acids and research work. carbohydrates using bi-modal integrated ampromedic detection. Journal of chromatography 73(2) : 193-201. REFERENCES 11. Singh, J.; Dartois, A.and Kaur, L. (2010). Starch digestibility 1. Brich; (2007). Amino Acid, fatty acid and mineral content of in food matrix: a review, Trends in Food Sci. Tech. 21(4) : Black Finger Millet (Eleusinecoracana) cultiveted on the 168-180. jos plateau of Nigeria, Food and Global Science Books, 12. Saldivar, S. (2003). Cereals : dietary importance. In: B. 2(2) : 115-118. Caballero, L. Trugo and P. Finglas (Eds.). pp. 1027–1033. 2. Kumar, A.; Goel, B.K.; Karthikeyan, S.; Gedda, A.K.; Encyclopedia of Food Sciences and Nutrition, Reino Choudhry, K.K.; Uprit, S.; and Asgar, S; (2013). Protein Unido : Academic Press, Agosto, London.

Received : June-2016 Revised : June-2016 Accepted : June-2016