Date: 21.12.2020 Submitting Additional Documents referred in 114th SEAC Minutes

• Revised project cost • Recent cluster certificate • Certified Survey map • Revised CER • Quantitative assessment of Biodiversity REVISED PROJECT COST ESTIMATION

As per the decision of 114th Meeting of SEAC, we have revised the project cost accordingly. The former cost was Seventy Five Lakhs whereas the revised one stands for One Crore Twenty Seven Lakhs and Sixty Thousand only

SI Particulars Amount NO 1 Actual Land Cost 38,00,000/- 2 Plant & SPLIT UP Machinery 1. Excavator (Rent) - 25,000*2 for per month i.e. 50,000*12=6,00,000*5years= 30,00,000 2. Box compressor(Rent) -29,000*2 for per month i.e.58,000*12= 6,96,000*5years = 34,80,000 3. Breaker (Rent) -17,000 for per month i.e. 17,000*12=2,04,000*5years= 10,20,000 75,00,000/- 3 Infrastructure SPLIT UP Development 1. Explosive , Magazine Shed & other expenses - 1,50,000/- 2. Office Building -5,00,000/- 6,50,000/- 4 Administrative Cost & Other Expenses (P.M) 2,10,000/- 5 Environment Management Cost & Green Belt 6,00,000/- Development cost(tree plantation etc) Total 1,27,60,000/-

CORPORATE ENVIRONMENT RESPONSIBILITY In order to execute an efficient activity regarding the Corporate Environment Responsibility a need analysis was conducted with the special reference to the Hospitals& Schools in Malappuram. The main objective of the study was to give a hand to the project proponent in materialising their commitment on CER. As per the Environment Impact Assessment (ELA) Notification 2006, issued under the Environment (Protection Act 1986, as amended from time to time, prescribes the process for granting prior environment clearance (EC) in respect of activities listed out in the Schedule to the Notification. In order to have transparency and unitormity while recommending CER by Expert Appraisal Committee (EAC)/ State Level Expert Committee SEAC District Level Expert Appraisal Commitee (DEAC), the guidelines are development project issued. The activities proposed under CER/ CSR shall be worked out based on the issues raised during the special need assessment, R&R plan, EMP etc. Some of the activities which can be carried out in CER/ CSR are infrastructure creation of drinking water supply, sanitation, health, education, skill development, road etc. The Proposed site of Granite Building Stone Quarry Project of Mr. Mammed Kunhi Haji, N.P House, Nellikkaparamba P.O, Kozhikode district, Kerala-673 602, is situatèd in Pulpatta Grama Panchayath in Re- Survey No. 92/pt. of Pulpatta Village. On behalf of his project - Granite Stone Quarry- he is responsible to implement the following CER activities for Govt. LP School, Pookkolathur. FY Sector Project Brief description Project Beneficiaries Cost andImpact As part of environment management plan 2021 rainwater harvesting plant, sanitation facility 22 and drinking water facility facility in Govt. 3,00,000 LP School, Pookkolathur Students of Smart class room development and Pulpatta 2022 Education multimedia room in Govt. LP School, grama -23 institution 3,00,000 Pookkolathur panchayath are the Maintanance and project monitoring in beneficieries 2024 provided facilities in Govt. LP School, -25 1,00,000 Pookkolathur

We assure that Corporate Environment Responsibility fund for the proposed granite building stone quarry project of Mr. Mammed Kunhi Haji approved for implement the above mentioned activities for Govt. LP School, Pookkolathur under Pulpatta Grama panchayath and this document allowed to submit only in front of SElAA (State Environment Impact Assessment Authority) Kerala for getting Environment Clearance purpose.

.SCROC POOROL4 M- Hofscdh Da 2|2ed\OLATAO Authorized signatory HEADMAST ER G.M.L.P. Sohool PO. PULPATT Pookolahur CORPORATE ENVIRONMENT RESPONSIBILITY In order to execute an efficient activity regarding the Corporate Environment a need analysis was conducted with the special reference to the Hospitals Responsibility& Schools in Malappuram. The main objective of the study was to give a hand to the project proponent in materialising their commitment on CER. As per the Environment Impact Assessment (ELA) Notification 2006, issued under the Environment (Protection Act 1986, as amended from time to time, prescribes the process for granting prior environment clearance (EC) in respect of activities listed out in the Schedule to the Notification. In order to have transparency and uniformity while recommending CER by Expert Appraisal Committee (EAC)/ State Level Expert Commitee (SEAC)/ District Level Expert Appraisal Committee (DEAC), the guidelines are development project issued. The activities proposed under CER/ CSR shall be worked out based on the issues raised during the special need assessment, R&«R plan, EMP etc. Some of the activities which can be carried out in CER / CSR are infrastructure creation of drinking water supply, sanitation, health, education, skill development, road etc. The Proposed site of Granite Building Stone Quarry Project of Mr. Mammed Kunhi Haji, N.P House, Nellikkaparamba P.O, Kozhikode district, Kerala-673 602, is situated in Pulpatta rama Panchayath in Re- Survey No. 92/pt. of Pulpatta Village. On behalf of his project Granite Stone Quarry- he is responsible to implement the following CER activities for Primary Health Centre, Thrippanachi.

FY Sector Project Brief description Project Beneficiaries Cost and Impact Provide drinking water purifiers and 2023- 24 sanitation facility to the Primary Health 3,00,000 Centre, Thrippanachi. Poor patients of Pulpatta grama Health panchayath are Maintenance and project monitoring in the 2025- 26 provided facilities in Primary Health 1,00,000 beneficieries. Centre, Thrippanachi.

We assure that Corporate Environment Responsibility fund for the proposed granite building stone quarry project of Mr. Mammed Kunhi Haji approved for inmplement the above mentioned activities for Primary Health Centre, Thrippanachi under Pulpatta Grama panchayath and this document allowed to submit only in front of SEIAA (State Environment Impact Assessment Authority) Kerala for getting Environment Clearance purpose.

2020

ofthe Med 30 Authorized signatory PinTrippanachi 673 641 Cente MEDICAL OFFICER arvH Primary Health Center Heath Trippanachi

This Document Comprises of the Fauna and Flora Assessment Carried out by the Biodiversity Assessment Team

26/07/2020 Fauna & Flora Assessment – Mr. VP. Mammad Kunji Haji, Block No. 60, Re Survey No. 92, Pulpatta Village, Ernad Taluk, Malappuram District. Mining area of 1.7396 Ha.

This document contains 32 pages, Prepared by Dr. K S. Anoop Das Fauna & Flora Assessment

Prepared for Mr. VP. Mammad Kunji Haji, Block No. 60, Re Survey No. 92, Pulpatta Village, Ernad Taluk, Malappuram District. Mining area of 1.7396 Ha.

Prepared by Dr. K.S Anoop Das, [email protected], 0989547198, Biodiversity Assessment Team

RBA Report No: 465/20/GEC

All Rights Reserved

Only Mr. VP. Mammad Kunji Haji or his designated representatives or relevant statutory authorities may use this document and only for the specific project for which this document was prepared. It should not be otherwise referenced without permission. This document contains 32 pages.

Document history

Version Description Date Authors/Contributors Authorised / Approved for issue 1.1 Draft Site visit 26.07.2020 1.2 Draft Manuscript 27.07.2020 Dr. K.S Anoop Das preparation / Dr. Sangeeth T Data Analysis Mr. Shibu Anand

1.3 print 28.07.2020 -do- Final report for submission

2 Fauna and Flora Assessment- Mr. VP. Mammad Kunji Haji, Block No. 60, Re Survey No. 92, Pulpatta Village, Ernad Taluk, Malappuram District. Mining area of 1.7396 Ha.

Biodiversity Assessment Team

28.07.2020

Certificate

This is to certify that, the information and data presented here is based on the field work carried out by the biodiversity assessment team led by the undersigned for Granite Quarry - Mr. VP. Mammad Kunji Haji, Block No. 60, Re Survey No. 92, Pulpatta Village, Ernad Taluk, Malappuram District. Mining area of 1.7396 Ha., have been compiled and executed by the team. We certify the data presented here which is documented and verified by the experts in the relevant field.

Dr. K.S Anoop Das

Adjunct Scientist, Biodiversity Assessment Team, Wildlife Research and Conservation Trust, Anupallavi, Chungathara, Malappuram Dt, Kerala 679334, 09895471987 [email protected], [email protected]

3 Fauna and Flora Assessment- Mr. VP. Mammad Kunji Haji, Block No. 60, Re Survey No. 92, Pulpatta Village, Ernad Taluk, Malappuram District. Mining area of 1.7396 Ha.

Introduction

Biodiversity include all terrestrial and freshwater organisms – including plants, animals, and microbes at scales ranging from genetic diversity within populations, to species diversity to community diversity across landscapes (CBD, 1992). It is important to assess the biodiversity before get disappeared. There is necessity to take up proactive initiatives from local and regional level.

In view of importance of biodiversity, further to the response to the request from the proponent of the project, we have conducted the Rapid Biodiversity Assessment of the proposed region. The result of the Rapid Biodiversity Assessment is expected to yield results which can provide important decision making for the better management. The Flora & Fauna study forms a part of the environmental data generation for the preparation of Rapid Biodiversity Assessment report for the proposed project. Evaluation of impending development project-related ecological impact is an essential pre-requisite for protection of environment from further degradation. This necessitates determining the baseline status of Flora & Fauna.

Biodiversity assessment methods

The Rapid Biodiversity Assessment (RBA) provides information about individual flora and fauna species and their habitats, ecosystems and communities, and threatening processes. It reviews existing information and the results of priority taxa and communities.

A major, systematic program of fauna survey has been undertaken during the preparation of this RBA. This survey was considered necessary because of the lack of fauna survey data which was revealed in an initial data audit. Analysis of data involves the information identifying the flora and selected fauna groups in relation to different environmental strata across the site; and analysis of species and their responses to disturbance.

The RBA has focused primarily on the ecosystem and species levels of biodiversity because information about genetic variation within species is limited. The trees in each plot have been marked with metal plates so as to cater further field inspection easier. Physical marking of biodiversity has been dealt with for flora only, because of logical reasons. Floristic studies are dealt with in detail in the second part of the RBA.

The biodiversity information presented here is intended to reflect the best understanding of the available information, including information obtained through data audit, expert scientific opinion, and analysis of available data. It also points to deficiencies in existing information. The

4 Fauna and Flora Assessment- Mr. VP. Mammad Kunji Haji, Block No. 60, Re Survey No. 92, Pulpatta Village, Ernad Taluk, Malappuram District. Mining area of 1.7396 Ha. data presented will be used in the development of the restoration plans, including configuration of the quarry closure, and in the formulation of management recommendations by the experts.

The study has covered the following aspects to appraise the biodiversity of the site

Sl No Floral component Faunal elements 1 Plantations/Agro-forestry Total Listing of major Faunal elements 2 Natural Vegetation/Forest type Endangered Species / Endemic Species 3 Flora Identification- Trees Wildlife Schedules 4 Flora Identification- Shrubs Migratory Species 5 Flora Identification- Herbs Migratory corridors or Paths 6 Flora Identification- Climbers Breeding & Spawning Grounds

Objectives

The main objectives of conducting Rapid Biodiversity Assessment in the proposed mining area were:

 To rapidly assess the biodiversity that has significance conservation status and high ecological value which may be affected by the mining plan.

 To put up scientific recommendations to the sustainable management for the establishment of proper mining based on the Rapid Biodiversity Assessment findings. Methodology - Flora

Identification of vegetation in relation to natural flora and crops was conducted through reconnaissance field surveys and insight observations in core and buffer zone. The plant species identification was done based on the reference materials and also by examining the morphological characteristics and reproductive materials i.e. flowers, fruits and seeds. Land use pattern in relation to agriculture crop verities were identified through physical verification of land and interaction with local villagers. The faunal elements (animal species) of core and buffer zone were identified by direct sightings or indirect evidences viz. pug marks, skeletal remains, scats and droppings etc. Standard binocular was used for the observations. The authenticity of faunal elements occurrence was confirmed by interaction with the local people. Avifauna identification was done with pictorial descriptions of published literature. Information pertaining to existence of any migratory corridors and paths were obtained with local inhabitants. The status of each faunal element was determined and wildlife schedule category was ascertained as per the IUCN-Red Data Book and Indian wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972.

5 Fauna and Flora Assessment- Mr. VP. Mammad Kunji Haji, Block No. 60, Re Survey No. 92, Pulpatta Village, Ernad Taluk, Malappuram District. Mining area of 1.7396 Ha.

Sampling

A stratified simple random sampling procedure was employed to obtain a sample from study area. The study area was further stratified in different land-use/ecosystems

Sampling Size

Keeping in mind both random sampling technique and covering all land use patterns for the study following sampling locations were chosen depending up on the area of the proposed site .

Timing of Study

The study was carried out during morning and evening hours, to cover the different activity phases for important species such as time resting, feeding, hunting, and daily movements.

Observations from Sampling

The various observations relating to flora and fauna species are discussed in detail below, in separate sections.

Equipment Used

 Canon Mark III Camera with 50-500 mm lens – Snap shots taken  Leica Binoculars (8x 20) to spot/identify species

Literature referred

 IUCN Red Data Book – https://www.iucnredlist.org/species  Ornithological/Entomological/Herpetological/Mammalian catalogues and pictorial descriptions from various authors and websites are followed for species identification

Standard protocols were followed for fauna and flora surveys are as follows.

6 Fauna and Flora Assessment- Mr. VP. Mammad Kunji Haji, Block No. 60, Re Survey No. 92, Pulpatta Village, Ernad Taluk, Malappuram District. Mining area of 1.7396 Ha.

Methodology - Fauna

Part I Field sampling techniques

Standard protocols were followed for fauna and flora survey.

1. Observational methods - Mammals

We employed two types of observational methods for the recording of mammals: (1) direct observations, (2) recording occurrences such as holes, markings, scats, hairs and spines (Menon 2003). Photographs, including a scale reference, were used for identification confirmations, and localities were recorded with a handheld GPS unit. Sometimes indigenous knowledge (especially from locals) was also used to prepare a preliminary list of species and/or help with identification of signs.

2. Visual Encounter Survey (VES) - reptiles and amphibians

VES is a time-constrained sampling technique (Campbell and Christman, 1982; Corn and Bury, 1990). It needs a systematic search through an area or habitat for a prescribed time period (Campbell and Christman, 1982). The result of VES is measured against the time spent for search. VES technique is one of the simplest methods, and an appropriate technique for both inventory and monitoring Herpetofauna (Heyer et al. 1994).

3. Transect walk – Birds

Five transect lines with varying length (100m-300m) and fixed width (2m) were laid which cuts through the core and peripheral areas of proposed region. The transect surveys were conducted from 0645 to 0001 Hrs and 0230 to 0004 Hrs (Bibby et al. 2000). All avifauna found along these transects were recorded for analysing the data. Counts were conducted while there is no heavy rain, mist or strong wind.

4. Modified Pollard Walk – for Butterflies

The Modified Pollard Walk (Pollard 1977, 1993, Walpole 1999) using fixed width transect walk method were employed to investigate butterfly spatial distribution, diversity and abundance at the different survey sites as used in previous studies on tropical butterflies.

5. Multiple Stage Quadrat – Vegetation

A range of habitat or vegetation structure variables were measured using the standard sampling protocol called Multiple Stage Quadrat (Sykes and Horrill 1977). Sampling took place in all those area, which occupied an area with the major corners temporarily demarcated with colour 7 Fauna and Flora Assessment- Mr. VP. Mammad Kunji Haji, Block No. 60, Re Survey No. 92, Pulpatta Village, Ernad Taluk, Malappuram District. Mining area of 1.7396 Ha. ribbons. Each site was located in the field with a compass and clinometer and subsequently latitude, longitude and elevation of the plot were recorded with a handheld Global Positioning System (Garmin 12XL).

Part II Data Analysis

Because of differing sample sizes from landscapes, for species diversity, richness and evenness were calculated using the statistical package– Species Diversity & Richness (SDR) programme (Pisces conservation LTD). For comparisons of mean species diversity among the sites program BioDiversity Pro (McAleece et al. 1997) was used. We estimated diversity in terms of species richness and evenness, as well as using the Shannon-Weaver index, which combines richness and abundance into a single measure (Magurran 1988).

Shannon-Wiener Index is defined and given by the following function: H=∑[(pi)×ln(pi)]

Where −

 pi = proportion of total sample represented by species ii. Divide no. of individuals of species i by total number of samples.  S = number of species, = species richness  Hmax=ln(S) Maximum diversity possible  E = Evenness = H/Hmax

8 Fauna and Flora Assessment- Mr. VP. Mammad Kunji Haji, Block No. 60, Re Survey No. 92, Pulpatta Village, Ernad Taluk, Malappuram District. Mining area of 1.7396 Ha.

Figures-1- 2 Image showing the proposed area and vantage points

9 Fauna and Flora Assessment- Mr. VP. Mammad Kunji Haji, Block No. 60, Re Survey No. 92, Pulpatta Village, Ernad Taluk, Malappuram District. Mining area of 1.7396 Ha.

Figures 3-4 The landscape from the various edges of the proposed area

10 Fauna and Flora Assessment- Mr. VP. Mammad Kunji Haji, Block No. 60, Re Survey No. 92, Pulpatta Village, Ernad Taluk, Malappuram District. Mining area of 1.7396 Ha.

Figures 5-6 Trees marked with plates so as to identify the vegetation plot

11 Fauna and Flora Assessment- Mr. VP. Mammad Kunji Haji, Block No. 60, Re Survey No. 92, Pulpatta Village, Ernad Taluk, Malappuram District. Mining area of 1.7396 Ha.

Figure 7: Google earth image of proposed area

12 Fauna and Flora Assessment- Mr. VP. Mammad Kunji Haji, Block No. 60, Re Survey No. 92, Pulpatta Village, Ernad Taluk, Malappuram District. Mining area of 1.7396 Ha.

Figure 8. Map of the area

13 Fauna and Flora Assessment- Mr. VP. Mammad Kunji Haji, Block No. 60, Re Survey No. 92, Pulpatta Village, Ernad Taluk, Malappuram District. Mining area of 1.7396 Ha.

Figure 9. Schematic map of the areas where vegetation plots are laid

Baseline data

The proposed area was at Karaparamb, near Manjeri, Malappuram district. Proposed area for mining was situated in a sloppy place and more than few kilometres away from the main road. Approach road to the proposed site from main road is well maintained. Major part of the proposed area for mining and surroundings are rubber plantations. No streams were found inside the proposed site. There was another granite quarry working near to the proposed site

The visit was started on a rainy day at the morning; the area was abundant vegetation and rich species diversity.

14 Fauna and Flora Assessment- Mr. VP. Mammad Kunji Haji, Block No. 60, Re Survey No. 92, Pulpatta Village, Ernad Taluk, Malappuram District. Mining area of 1.7396 Ha.

Findings/Results

The assessment was carried out during the monsoon season. The details of the flora and fauna observed are given below.

Records of threatened species in the area

No threatened species were observed

Endangered Species as per Wildlife (Protection) Act:

No Endangered fauna was recorded in the project area.

Endemic Species of the Project areas:

No endemic species were observed in the project area.

Migratory species of the Project areas:

No migratory fauna observed in project area.

Migratory corridors and Flight paths:

No migratory corridors and Flight paths were observed in project area.

Breeding and spawning grounds:

No breeding and spawning grounds were earmarked for the wildlife fauna in project area.

Species Richness of Mammals

The assessment carried out within the proposed area including the buffer. The survey team observed the droppings of one species of mammal, Asian palm civet Paradoxurus hermaphroditus (Table 1).

Species Richness of Reptiles

Reptiles recorded from the site were two individuals of Eutropis carinata (Table 2).

Species Richness of Birds

The species of birds were recorded based on actual sightings and calls along the five transects within the proposed site. Thirteen (13) species of birds were listed while surveying along the

15 Fauna and Flora Assessment- Mr. VP. Mammad Kunji Haji, Block No. 60, Re Survey No. 92, Pulpatta Village, Ernad Taluk, Malappuram District. Mining area of 1.7396 Ha.

four transects line. One (1) species was identified through call and the rest with direct sightings (Table 3).

Species Richness of Butterflies

Nine (9) species of butterflies were recorded from the study site. The list of observed species is provided in the Table (4).

Fauna recorded from the project site

Table 1: List of Mammals recorded in the study area

Sl.no Scientific name Common name Status Count Remarks

1 Paradoxurus hermaphroditus Asian palm civet LC Scat observed

Table 2: List of Reptiles recorded in the study area

Sl.no Scientific name Common name Status FN AN count count 1 Eutropis carinata Brahminy Skink LC 2 1

16 Fauna and Flora Assessment- Mr. VP. Mammad Kunji Haji, Block No. 60, Re Survey No. 92, Pulpatta Village, Ernad Taluk, Malappuram District. Mining area of 1.7396 Ha.

Table 3: List of Birds recorded in the study area

Sl. Scientific name Common Name Status FN AN No. count count

1 Centropus sinensis Greater coucal LC 1 1

2 Hierococcyx varius Common hawk-Cuckoo LC 1 0

3 Orthotomus sutorius Tailorbird LC 1 1

4 Turdoides striata Jungle Babbler LC 4 5

5 Spilopelia chinensis Spotted dove LC 2 2

6 Dendrocitta vagabunda Rufous Treepie LC 1 1

7 Oriolus xanthornus Black-hooded Oriole LC 2 0

8 Pycnonotus cafer Red-vented Bulbul LC 4 5

9 Dicrurus paradiseus Greater racket-tailed Drongo LC 2 2

10 Dicrurus macrocercus Black Drongo LC 2 3

11 Dicrurus aeneus Bronzed Drongo LC 1 1

12 Dinopium benghalense Black-rumped Flameback LC 1 1

13 Psilopogon viridis White-cheeked barbet LC 2 1

17 Fauna and Flora Assessment- Mr. VP. Mammad Kunji Haji, Block No. 60, Re Survey No. 92, Pulpatta Village, Ernad Taluk, Malappuram District. Mining area of 1.7396 Ha.

Table 4: List of Butterflies recorded in the study area

Sl.no Scientific name Common Name Status FN AN count count

1 Papilio polytes Common Mormon LC 1 1

2 Euploea core Common Crow LC 2 2

3 Catopsilia Pomona Common Emigrant LC 2 3

4 Chilades pandava Plains Cupid LC 2 2

5 Eurema hecabe Common grass yellow LC 2 1

6 Neptis hylas Common Sailer LC 1 3

7 Jamides celeno Common Cerulean LC 2 3

8 Ariadne merione Common Castor LC 2 2

9 Junonia iphita Chocolate Pansy LC 1 2

18 Fauna and Flora Assessment- Mr. VP. Mammad Kunji Haji, Block No. 60, Re Survey No. 92, Pulpatta Village, Ernad Taluk, Malappuram District. Mining area of 1.7396 Ha.

PART II

Vegetation characteristics

The place is with a patch of vegetation and the floristic analysis of the place is given as tables. Shannon Diversity (H’) index of tree species in different plots were also analysed and the sixth plot was with high diversity (H’=0.71) (Figure.10). The Bray-Curtis cluster analysis demonstrated the species composition in different habitats was found to be different (Figure.11).

Table 5. List of trees observed from the study area

SL Scientific Names Family Local Name No. Of No: Individuals

Paranki 2 1 Anacardium occidentale Anacardiaceae Thengu 14 2 Cocos nucifera Arecaceae Maruth 5 3 Terminalia paniculata Combretaceae Vatta 9 4 Macaranga peltata Euphorbiaceae Pottama 7 5 Trema orientalis Ulmaceae Irupool 44 6 Xylea xylocarpa Fabaceae Cheru 1 7 Holigarna arnottiana Anacardiaceae Venga 1 8 Pterocarpus marsupium Fabaceae Dhanthapala 2 9 Wrightia tinctoria Apocynaceae Odugu 13 10 Cleistanthus collinus Euphorbiaceae Chandhanam 2 11 Santalum album Santalaceae Vetti 1 12 Aporosa cardiosperma Euphorbiaceae Mahagony 28 13 Swietenia mahagoni Meliaceae Thekku 5 14 Tectona grandis Verbenaceae Maavu 1 15 Mangifera indica Anacardiaceae 135

Table 6. List of trees observed and the Number of individuals

19 Fauna and Flora Assessment- Mr. VP. Mammad Kunji Haji, Block No. 60, Re Survey No. 92, Pulpatta Village, Ernad Taluk, Malappuram District. Mining area of 1.7396 Ha.

No of individuals in each plot Sl.No. Species 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 total 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 2 Anacardium occidentale 2 9 0 0 0 0 3 1 1 0 0 0 14 Cocos nucifera 3 1 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 5 Terminalia paniculata 4 2 2 1 0 2 1 0 0 1 0 0 9 Macaranga peltata 5 0 6 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 Trema orientalis 6 0 6 8 5 6 7 0 0 3 4 5 44 Xylea xylocarpa 7 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Holigarna arnottiana 8 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Pterocarpus marsupium 9 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 Wrightia tinctoria 10 0 0 0 3 2 2 0 0 1 2 3 13 Cleistanthus collinus 11 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 Santalum album 12 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Aporosa cardiosperma 23 0 0 0 0 3 1 1 0 0 0 28 13 Swietenia mahagoni 0 0 0 0 2 3 0 0 0 0 0 5 14 Tectona grandis 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 Mangifera indica 135

Table 7. List of trees observed in buffer area and the Number of individuals 20 Fauna and Flora Assessment- Mr. VP. Mammad Kunji Haji, Block No. 60, Re Survey No. 92, Pulpatta Village, Ernad Taluk, Malappuram District. Mining area of 1.7396 Ha.

No of individuals in each plot Sl.No. Species 1 3 6 7 total 1 9 0 3 1 13 Cocos nucifera 2 1 2 0 0 3 Terminalia paniculata 3 2 1 1 0 4 Macaranga peltata 4 0 1 0 0 1 Trema orientalis 5 0 8 7 0 15 Xylea xylocarpa 6 0 1 0 0 1 Holigarna arnottiana 7 0 1 0 0 1 Pterocarpus marsupium 8 0 1 0 0 1 Wrightia tinctoria 9 0 0 2 0 2 Cleistanthus collinus 10 23 0 3 1 27 Swietenia mahagoni 11 0 0 3 0 3 Tectona grandis 12 1 0 0 0 1 Mangifera indica 72

Table 8: Number of trees to be removed in the proposed area.

Sl.No. Number of trees to be Removed in the proposed area. 1 No of Rubber trees to be removed 450 2 No of trees other than Rubber trees 65 Total 515

Table 9. Shannon Diversity (H) index of tree species in different plots

21 Fauna and Flora Assessment- Mr. VP. Mammad Kunji Haji, Block No. 60, Re Survey No. 92, Pulpatta Village, Ernad Taluk, Malappuram District. Mining area of 1.7396 Ha.

Index Sample Sample Sample Sample Sample Sample Sample Sample Sample Sample Sample 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Shannon H' 0.431 0.436 0.654 0.669 0.54 0.71 0.301 0.452 0.413 0.415 0.407

Shannon Index Results 0.8

Sample 1 Sample 2 0.6 Sample 3 Sample 4 Sample 5 0.4 Value Sample 6 Sample 7

0.2 Sample 8 Sample 9 Sample 10

0.0 Sample 11 0 5 10 15 Sample

Figure 10. Shannon diversity index of trees of the study area

22 Fauna and Flora Assessment- Mr. VP. Mammad Kunji Haji, Block No. 60, Re Survey No. 92, Pulpatta Village, Ernad Taluk, Malappuram District. Mining area of 1.7396 Ha.

Figure 11. Bray Curtis Cluster diagram to show the similarity of trees at different sampling location

Table 10.Descriptive statistics of tree species in different plots

Mean Standard Total Total Individuals Deviation Individuals Species Maximum

Plot 1 2.4 6.15 36 5 23

Plot 2 0.933 2.12 14 3 6 1 2.035 15 7 8 Plot 3

Plot 4 0.8 1.424 12 6 5 0.8 1.656 12 4 6 Plot 5 Plot 6 1.267 2.017 19 6 7

Plot 7 0.133 0.352 2 2 1

Plot 8 0.267 0.594 4 3 2

Plot 9 0.333 0.816 5 3 3

Plot 10 0.467 1.125 7 3 4

Plot 11 0.6 1.454 9 3 5

23 Fauna and Flora Assessment- Mr. VP. Mammad Kunji Haji, Block No. 60, Re Survey No. 92, Pulpatta Village, Ernad Taluk, Malappuram District. Mining area of 1.7396 Ha.

Table 11. List of Herbs observed from the study area

Sl. Species Family Local name No.

1 Ageratina adenophora Asteraceae Appa 2 Axonopus compressus Poaceae Buffalo grass 3 Eleusine indica Poaceae 4 Brachiaria sp. Poaceae 5 Justicia wynaadensis Acanthaceae Kurinji 6 Chromolaena odorata Asteraceae Communist pacha 7 Curculigo orchioides Hypoxidaceae Nilappana 8 Curcuma longa Zingiberaceae Manjal 9 Costus pictus Costaceae Channakkoova 10 Desmodium triflorum Fabaceae Nilamparanda 11 Hyptis suaveolens Lamiaceae 12 Dipteracanthus sp. Acanthaceae Velipadakkam 13 Euphorbia hirta Euphorbiaceae 14 Mimosa pudica Mimosaceae Thottavaadi 15 Mitracarpus hirtus Rubiaceae Thaval 16 Naregamia alata Meliaceae Nilanarakam 17 Oplismenus hirtellus Poaceae 18 Crotalaria hebecarpa Fabaceae 19 Arundinella sp. Poaceae 20 Sida cordata Malvaceae Palkurunthotti 21 Phyllanthus amarus Phyllanthaceae Keezharnelli 22 Impatiens sp. Balsaminaceae 23 Cyperus sp. Cyperaceae 24 Sida acuta Malvaceae Kurunthotti 25 Microstachys chamaelea Euphorbiaceae Njettaval

Table 12. List of shrubs observed from the study area

Sl. No. Species Family Local name

1 Lantana camara Verbenaceae Kongini 2 Urena lobata Malvaceae Oorppam 3 Leea indica Leeaceae Choriyanthali 4 Clerodendrum infortunatum Verbenaceae Vattapperuk 5 Ixora coccinea Rubiaceae Thechi 6 Desmodium triangulare Fabaceae

7 Ziziphus oenoplea Rhamnaceae Cheruthudali 8 Canthium sp. Rubiaceae Karamullu 9 Briedalia stipularis Euphorbiaceae Cheriyanattam 10 Hibiscus hispidissimus Malvaceae Panichakam 11 Thespesia lampas Malvaceae Kattuparathi 12 Streblus asper Moraceae Paruva 13 Tephrosia sp. Fabaceae

14 Caesalpinia mimosoides Caesalpiniaceae Koomullu 15 Ficus hispida Moraceae Therakam 16 Mussaenda frondosa Rubiaceae Vellila 17 Breynia vitis-idaea Euphorbiaceae Kattuniruri 18 Ficus sp. Moraceae

19 Melastoma malabathricum Melastomataceae Athiraani 20 Agave Americana Agavaceae

21 Chassalia curviflora Rubiaceae Vellakkurinji

25 Fauna and Flora Assessment- Mr. VP. Mammad Kunji Haji, Block No. 60, Re Survey No. 92, Pulpatta Village, Ernad Taluk, Malappuram District. Mining area of 1.7396 Ha.

Table 13. List of Climbers observed from the study area

Sl. Species Family Local name No: 1 Abrus precatorius Fabaceae Kunni 2 Acacia caesia Mimosaceae Inja 3 Centrosema molle Fabaceae Kattupayar 4 Cyclea peltata Menispermaceae Paadathaali 5 Dioscorea alata Dioscoreaceae Kachil 6 Dioscorea bulbifera Dioscoriaceae Kattukachil 7 Hippocratea obtusifolia Hippocrateaceae Puramkodi 8 Getonia floribunda Combretaceae Pullani 9 Hemidesmus indicus Periplocaceae Naruneendi 10 Ichnocarpus frutescens Apocynaceae Palvalli 11 Ipomoea hederifolia Convolvulaceae 12 Ipomoea obscura Convolvulaceae Thiruthali 13 Merremia vitifolia Convolvulaceae 14 Passiflora foetida Passifloraceae Poochappazham 15 Pothos scandens Araceae 16 Pueraria phaseoloides Fabaceae Thottapayar 17 Tiliacora acuminata Menispermaceae Vallikkanjiram 18 Tinospora sinensis Menispermaceae Kaattamrith 19 Uvaria narum Annonaceae Korandappazham 20 Cayratia pedata Vitaceae Trippadi 21 Cissus repens Vitaceae 22 Pseudarthria viscida Fabaceae Moovila 23 Diploclisia glaucescens Menispermaceae Vattavalli 24 Bauhinnia scandens Caesalpiniacceae Nagavalli 25 Tragia involucrata Euphorbiaceae Kodithuvva 26 Gloriosa superba Liliaceae Menthonni 27 Asparagus racemosus Asparagaceae Sathavari

26 Fauna and Flora Assessment- Mr. VP. Mammad Kunji Haji, Block No. 60, Re Survey No. 92, Pulpatta Village, Ernad Taluk, Malappuram District. Mining area of 1.7396 Ha.

Plant composition

The vegetation of the study area was subdivided into 10×10 m plots for the analysis of tree composition, with a subdivision of this area into 5 m ×5 m and 1m ×1 m for analysis of shrub and herb composition randomly as per the standard methodology. Totally Eighty species of plants identified from the study area and the representation of these species composition indicates that, this vegetation belongs to moist deciduous type vegetation. Out of these sixteen were species of trees, thirteen were species of shrubs, nineteen were species of climbers and thirty two species of herbs were noted.

The proposed area for mining was a hilly rock exposed area including rubber plantation. Vegetation was abundant in most area, Xylea xylocarpa was the dominant species tree in the area and 32.59 % of the individuals of trees were identified as Xylea xylocarpa. 20.74 % of the trees were identified as Swietenia mahagoni. The other dominant species of tree observed was Cocos nucifera, 10.37 % of the individuals of the area belonging to Cocos nucifera.

The dominant species of climbers reported from the area are Tinospora sinensis and Pueraria phaseoloides. Dominant species shrubs observed were Ziziphus oenoplea and Lantana camara. Dominant species of herb noticed in the area were Mitracarpus hirtus and Hyptis suaveolens . Dominant species of grass observed in the area were Oplismenus hirtellus and Axonopus compressus

The area possessed good vegetation at most of area and rich diversity of plant components. No gymnosperms or RET Species observed

Few species of trees can balance the consequences of mining. Following species of trees should be planted in the mining area as a measure to balancing the consequences of mining. , Artocarpus hirsutus, Olea dioica, Vateria indica, Grewia tilifolia, Syzygium cumini, Cinnamomum verum, Artocarpus heterophyllus, Artocarpus hirsutus, Olea dioica, Mallotus philippensis, Mimusops elengi Mangifera indica, Cinnamomum verum, Artocarpus heterophyllus, Magnolia champaka, Ficus benjamina, Pongamia pinnata, Schleichera oleosa, Vatica chinensis etc.

27 Fauna and Flora Assessment- Mr. VP. Mammad Kunji Haji, Block No. 60, Re Survey No. 92, Pulpatta Village, Ernad Taluk, Malappuram District. Mining area of 1.7396 Ha.

Conclusion

The area possessed good vegetation at most of area and rich diversity of plant components. Most of the plant species in this area are very common, no RET species or gymnosperms were reported from the area.

Recommendations

Based on the findings of the Rapid Biodiversity Assessment, the team would like to make recommendations as mentioned hereunder:

The proposed quarry mining may not make serious impact on the vegetation and related fauna at this location. Team would suggest to keep the disturbance to the minimal level, and to ensure to plant the trees which are suitable to the present habitat.

Remarks

Field survey technique Suggested minimum Applied Effort achieved & applied Effort comments Amphibians Systematic day habitat One hour per Yes Nil search stratification unit Night habitat search for 30 minutes Not employed watery, damp sites Nocturnal call playback On playback Not employed Night water source search Two hrs /200 m Not employed water body edge

Field survey Suggested Applied Effort achieved & comments technique applied minimum Effort Diurnal birds Area search Species time curve Yes 6 species have been observed approach

28 Fauna and Flora Assessment- Mr. VP. Mammad Kunji Haji, Block No. 60, Re Survey No. 92, Pulpatta Village, Ernad Taluk, Malappuram District. Mining area of 1.7396 Ha.

Point count 10mins count Yes Point counts done at various locations of the plot. Vantage point 15 mins count Yes 13 species have been recorded count all together Field survey Suggested Applied Effort achieved & comments technique applied minimum given Effort Mammals Sherman’s traps 10 Not employed Hair tubes 15 Not employed Indirect signs scats No and signs Predator scats NA

Field survey Suggested Applied Effort achieved & comments technique applied minimum Effort Shrubs Quadrat sampling 10 samples 10 samples Overall distribution observed

Field survey Suggested Applied Effort achieved & comments technique applied minimum Effort Herbs Quadrat sampling 10 samples 10 samples Overall distribution observed

29 Fauna and Flora Assessment- Mr. VP. Mammad Kunji Haji, Block No. 60, Re Survey No. 92, Pulpatta Village, Ernad Taluk, Malappuram District. Mining area of 1.7396 Ha.

Native Trees to be planted at the belt

Sl.No. Scientific name Common name 1 Ficus benjamina Aal 2 Pongamia pinnata Ung 3 Holigarna arnottiana Cheru 4 Mangifera indica Mavu 5 Strychnos nux-vomica Kanjiram 6 Artocarpus heterophyllus Plavu 7 Artocarpus hirsutus Anjili 9 Mimusops elengi Elanji 10 Syzygium cumini Njaval

Some of the other rejuvenating plants would probably check the sound and air pollution are as follow, Sl.No. Scientific name of the shrub Common name

2 Memecylon sps. Kasavu

3 Bambusa bambos

4 Murraya paniculata Maramulla

5 Bambusa vulgaris Manjamilli

6 Bambusa tuldoides Buddha Belly Bamboo

7 Thyrsostachys oliveri

Sl.No. Scientific name of the herbs Common name

1 Cymbopogon sps Lemon grass

2 Pennisetum purpureum

3 Vetivera zizanoides Ramacham

4 Chrysopogon nodulibarbis

5 Pennisetum polystachyon

6 Axonopus compressus Buffalo grass

30 Fauna and Flora Assessment- Mr. VP. Mammad Kunji Haji, Block No. 60, Re Survey No. 92, Pulpatta Village, Ernad Taluk, Malappuram District. Mining area of 1.7396 Ha.

Acknowledgement The Rapid Biodiversity Assessment team would like to extend heartfelt gratitude to the proprietor for offering us the opportunity to explore the area of nature with good cause. He has been very instrumental and supportive when a developmental activity shadows the survival of the wild animals in the interest of community. The team would also like to thank, the staffs of M.E.S Mampad College for their support.

31 Fauna and Flora Assessment- Mr. VP. Mammad Kunji Haji, Block No. 60, Re Survey No. 92, Pulpatta Village, Ernad Taluk, Malappuram District. Mining area of 1.7396 Ha.

Bio-Sketch of Authors

Dr. Anoop Das, is an Assistant Professor at Centre for Conservation Ecology & Dept of Zoology, at M.E.S Mampad College, India. He serves as a Visiting Professor at the Leshan Normal University, China. He has written 65 publications in various national and international journals and has bagged more than 28 national and international grants/awards. He is a Member of IUCN/SSC - South Asian Invertebrate Specialist Group since 2016. He had carried out related field research works in United Kingdom, South Korea, United States of America, Germany, Austria, Czech Republic, China, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, Philippines, Indonesia and Sri Lanka.

Dr. Sangeeth Thekkan

Dr Sangeeth has a PhD degree in Botany from Bharathiar University, Tamil Nadu. He had worked as a Research Fellow at Kerala Forest Research Institute. He is a member of Indian Science Congress Association, International Society for Tropical Ecology and Indian Ecological Society. He has 21 international publications and 12 conference papers to his credit. He has been in the field of conservation for the past 14 years.

Mr. Shibu Anand

Shibu Anand is a PhD Scholar at Calicut University and he had completed his Master from the same University. Before joining the BAT he was associated with MES Mampad College. Shibu is with an experience of seven years in the related field.

32 Fauna and Flora Assessment- Mr. VP. Mammad Kunji Haji, Block No. 60, Re Survey No. 92, Pulpatta Village, Ernad Taluk, Malappuram District. Mining area of 1.7396 Ha.