DOCSLIB.ORG

Characterization of the Regulatory Process of Pyrethroid Resistance in the House Fly, Musca Domestica

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Characterization of the Regulatory Process of Pyrethroid Resistance in the House Fly, Musca Domestica Characterization of the Regulatory Process of Pyrethroid Resistance in the House Fly, Musca domestica by Ming Li A dissertation submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Auburn University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Auburn, Alabama December 13, 2014 Keywords: Insecticide resistance, Regulation, Transcriptome, Cytochrome P450, Carboxylesterase, Musca domestica Copyright 2014 by Ming Li Approved by Nannan Liu, Chair, Professor of Entomology and Plant Pathology Joseph W. Kloepper, Professor of Entomology and Plant Pathology Scott R. Santos, Associate Professor of Biological Sciences Lee Zhang, Research Fellow of Entomology and Plant Pathology Abstract The house fly, Musca domestica, is a major domestic, medical and veterinary pest that causes more than 100 human and animal intestinal diseases. The major barrier in the house fly control is their remarkable ability to develop not only resistance to the insecticide used against them, but also cross-resistance to unrelated classes of insecticides. The house fly has demonstrated to be a useful model to study and predict resistance in not only themselves but also other insect species. The current study generated the first reference transcriptome from the adult house fly and a whole transcriptome analysis was conducted for the multiple insecticide resistant strain ALHF (wild-type) and two insecticide susceptible strains: aabys (with morphological recessive markers) and CS (wild type) to gain valuable insights into the gene interaction and complex regulation in insecticide resistance of house flies. A total of 1316 genes were identified as being co-up- regulated in ALHF in comparison to both aabys and CS. The majority of these up-regulated genes fell within the three key detailed function categories: redox detailed function category in metabolism, signal transduction and kinases/phosphatases in regulation, and proteases in intra- cellular processes. Genetic linkage analysis with house fly lines comparing different autosomal combinations from ALHF revealed that the up-regulation of gene expression occurred mainly through the co-regulation of factors among multiple autosomes, especially between autosomes 2 and 5, suggesting that signaling transduction cascades controlled by GPCRs, protein ii kinase/phosphates and proteases may be involved in the regulation of P450 and carboxylesterase gene expression. To characterize the cytochrome P450 and carboxylesterase genes that play important roles in the pyrethroid resistance of house flies, 86 P450 and 26 carboxylesterase genes were selected based on our whole transcriptome analysis of the house fly to conduct the expression profile analysis in different house fly strains with different levels of permethrin resistance and autosome combinations. Our study showed that multiple P450 and carboxylesterase genes were co-up- regulated in insecticide-resistant house flies compared to -susceptible house flies, and the expression of these genes was regulated by cis or trans regulatory factors/genes, which were mainly on autosomes 1, 2 and 5. Transgenic expression analysis of selected P450 and carboxylesterase genes in Drosophila melanogaster demonstrated that elevated expression of these genes confers different levels of resistance to permethrin in the transgenic Drosophila. Homology modeling and permethrin docking analysis further suggested potential ability of these genes to metabolize permethrin. Taken together, the study provides a global picture of P450 and carboxylesterase gene expression, regulation, autosomal interaction, and function in insecticide resistance of house flies, indicating multiple genes are co-responsible for detoxification of insecticides, and multiple mechanisms co-work on the development of insecticide resistance in house flies. iii Acknowledgments I am highly grateful to my major professor, Dr. Nannan Liu, for her guidance, encouragement, support, timely advice and numerous opportunities that she provided over these four years. Without her patience and help, this dissertation would never be accomplished. I feel very honored and fortunate to join Dr. Liu’s program and have such a great advisor in my academic life. Her attitudes towards life, perspectives of science, and ways of doing research will influence me forever. I also would like to thank my committee members, Dr. Scott R. Santos, Dr. Joseph W. Kloepper, Dr. Lee Zhang and my dissertation outside reader, Dr. Yucheng Feng, for their invaluable encouragement, advice and kind help. I also would like to give my many thanks to my laboratory colleagues, Dr. Chuanwang Cao, Dr. Lin He, Ms. Ting Li, Mr. Li Tian, Mr. William R. Reid, Mr. Feng Liu, Ms. Youhui Gong, Ms. Xuechun Feng, Mr, Zi Ye, Ms Fang Tang, Mr Zhou Chen and Ms Caixing Xiong for their friendly help, suggestions and kindness during the period of my Ph.D study. The support and help from other faculty members, staff and students in the Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology are also greatly appreciated. Finally, the deepest gratitude goes to my parents, wife and sister for their endless love and support. I am forever grateful for their consistent understanding and encouragement. iv Table of Contents Abstract ....................................................................................................................................... ii Acknowledgments.......................................................................................................................... iv List of Tables .................................................................................................................................. xi List of Figures ............................................................................................................................... xii List of Abbreviations..................................................................................................................... xv Chapter 1: Literature Review .......................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Insecticide resistance ................................................................................................................ 1 1.2 How insecticide resistance develops ......................................................................................... 2 1.3 Cross resistance and multiple resistances ................................................................................. 2 1.3.1 Cross resistance ...................................................................................................................... 2 1.3.2 Multiple resistance ................................................................................................................. 3 1.4 Insecticide resistance stability ................................................................................................... 3 1.5 Insecticide resistance mechanisms ............................................................................................ 4 1.5.1 Behavioral resistance ............................................................................................................. 4 1.5.2 Physiological resistance ......................................................................................................... 5 1.5.2.1 Reduced cuticle penetration rate ......................................................................................... 5 1.5.2.2 Increased sequestration storage and accelerated excretion of insecticides ......................... 6 1.5.3 Increased activities of detoxification enzymes ...................................................................... 7 v 1.5.3.1 Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases ................................................................................... 8 1.5.3.2 Esterases and hydrolases ................................................................................................... 12 1.5.3.2.1 Quantitative changes ...................................................................................................... 12 1.5.3.2.2 Qualitative changes ........................................................................................................ 13 1.5.3.3 Glutathione S-transferases ................................................................................................ 13 1.5.4 Reduced sensitivity of target sites ........................................................................................ 14 1.5.4.1 Insensitivity of acetylcholinesterase ................................................................................. 14 1.5.4.2 The GABA receptor mutation ........................................................................................... 15 1.5.4.3 Mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel ............................................................... 16 1.6 Regulatory gene and gene expression regulation.................................................................... 18 1.6.1 Regulatory gene ................................................................................................................... 18 1.6.2 Regulation of gene expression ............................................................................................. 19 1.6.2.1 Regulation of gene expression by extracellular signals .................................................... 20 1.6.2.2 Regulation of gene expression by the structure of chromatin ........................................... 20 1.6.2.3 Regulation of gene expression by transcription
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Computational Studies to Elucidate the Role of Proteins in the Prevention of Malaria
    Computational studies to elucidate the role of proteins in the prevention of malaria A thesis submitted to the University of Manchester for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences 2010 Jaclyn Bibby School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science Contents Abstract ........................................................................................................................... 25 Declaration ...................................................................................................................... 26 Copyright Statement ....................................................................................................... 27 Publications from this Thesis. ......................................................................................... 28 1. Introduction ................................................................................................................. 29 1.1 Vector borne diseases ................................................................................................ 30 1.1.1 Malaria ................................................................................................................ 30 1.1.2 Dengue ................................................................................................................ 30 1.2 Vectors ...................................................................................................................... 31 1.2.1 Anopheles ..........................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Molecular Mechanisms of Cytochrome P450 Monooxygenase
    MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF CYTOCHROME P450 MONOOXYGENASE- MEDIATED PYRETHROID RESISTANCE IN THE HOUSE FLY, MUSCA DOMESTICA (L.) Except where reference is made to the work of others, the work described in this dissertation is my own or was done in collaboration with my advisory committee. This dissertation does not include proprietary or classified information. Fang Zhu Certificate of Approval: Marie W. Wooten Nannan Liu, Chair Professor Associate Professor Biological Sciences Entomology and Plant Pathology Zhanjiang Liu William J. Moar Professor Professor Fisheries and Allied Aquacultures Entomology and Plant Pathology Joe F. Pittman Interim Dean Graduate School MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF CYTOCHROME P450 MONOOXYGENASE- MEDIATED PYRETHROID RESISTANCE IN THE HOUSE FLY, MUSCA DOMESTICA (L.) Fang Zhu A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Auburn University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Auburn, Alabama August 4, 2007 MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF CYTOCHROME P450 MONOOXYGENASE- MEDIATED PYRETHROID RESISTANCE IN THE HOUSE FLY, MUSCA DOMESTICA (L.) Fang Zhu Permission is granted to Auburn University to make copies of this dissertation at its discretion, upon request of individuals or institutions and at their expense. The author reserves all publication rights. ______________________________ Signature of Author ______________________________ Date of Graduation iii VITA Fang Zhu, daughter of Tao Zhang and Xingzhi Zhu, was born on April 28, 1976, in Anqiu City, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China. She graduated from Anqiu No. 1 High School in 1995. She attended Shandong Agricultural University in Tai’an, Shandong Province and graduated with a Bachelor of Science degree in Plant Protection in 1999. Then she entered the Graduate School of China Agricultural University in Beijing with major in Entomology.
    [Show full text]
  • Molecular Cloning of a Family of Xenobiotic-Inducible
    Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA Vol. 94, pp. 10797–10802, September 1997 Genetics Molecular cloning of a family of xenobiotic-inducible drosophilid cytochrome P450s: Evidence for involvement in host-plant allelochemical resistance (xenobiotic inductionyinsect–plant interactionsyDrosophilaycDNA cloning) PHILLIP B. DANIELSON*†,ROSS J. MACINTYRE‡, AND JAMES C. FOGLEMAN* *Department of Biological Sciences, 2101 East Wesley Avenue, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208; and ‡Section of Genetics and Development, 407 Biotechnology Building, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 Edited by May R. Berenbaum, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, and approved July 31, 1997 (received for review March 10, 1997) ABSTRACT Cytochrome P450s constitute a superfamily (Musca domestica), CYP6A1 metabolizes the insecticides al- of genes encoding mostly microsomal hemoproteins that play drin and heptachlor (10), and CYP6D1 has been linked to a dominant role in the metabolism of a wide variety of both deltamethrin metabolism (11). Heterologous expression of endogenous and foreign compounds. In insects, xenobiotic Drosophila melanogaster CYP6A2 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolism (i.e., metabolism of insecticides and toxic natural bioactivates some genotoxins (e.g., aflatoxin B1) (12). This plant compounds) is known to involve members of the CYP6 broad catalytic diversity is thought to have arisen as a result of family of cytochrome P450s. Use of a 3* RACE (rapid ampli- coevolution between herbivorous animals and toxic allelo- fication of cDNA ends) strategy with a degenerate primer chemical-producing plants (13). Although this hypothesis is based on the conserved cytochrome P450 heme-binding de- attractive, there have been very few studies that have examined capeptide loop resulted in the amplification of four cDNA the metabolism of natural substrates by individual cytochrome sequences representing another family of cytochrome P450 P450 isoforms.
    [Show full text]
  • Anopheles Gambiae
    & Herpeto gy lo lo gy o : h C it u n r r r e O n , t y RaghavEntomol Ornithol Herpetol 2012, 1:1 R g e o l s o e a m r DOI: 10.4172/2161-0983.1000102 o c t h n E Entomology, Ornithology & Herpetology ISSN: 2161-0983 ResearchResearch Article Article OpenOpen Access Access Anopheles gambiae (Diptera: Culicidae) Cytochrome P450 (P450) Supergene Family: Phylogenetic Analyses and Exon-Intron Organization Raghavendra K1*, Niranjan Reddy BP1,2 and Prasad GBKS2 1National Institute of Malaria Research (ICMR), Sector 8, Dwarka, New Delhi, India 2School of Studies in Biotechnology, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, MP, India Abstract The cytochrome P450 superfamily is involved mainly in developmental processes and xenobiotic metabolism in insects. Analysis of the Anopheles gambiae genome has shown 105 putatively active P450 genes that are distributed in four major clans, namely mitochondrial, CYP2, CYP3, and CYP4. In the present study, phylogenetic analysis using multiple methodologies, exon-intron organization, correlation between genes in gene clusters and their gene organizations were analyzed. Further to this, usability of intronic positions in deciphering the evolutionary relatedness among the members of AgP450 supergene family was studied. The results show that the AgP450 supergene family is evolved through the complex process of duplications followed by structural-functional evolution. This supergene family might have undergone numerous intron-losses and gains during the process of evolution. However, this process is closely related with the evolutionary relationship among the members of the AgP450 supergene family. Furthermore, this study identifies the need of in-depth study to elucidate the functional importance of the conserved intron in CYP6 family.
    [Show full text]
  • Viewers for 7
    Antony et al. BMC Genomics (2019) 20:440 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-019-5837-4 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Global transcriptome profiling and functional analysis reveal that tissue-specific constitutive overexpression of cytochrome P450s confers tolerance to imidacloprid in palm weevils in date palm fields Binu Antony1* , Jibin Johny1, Mahmoud M. Abdelazim1, Jernej Jakše2, Mohammed Ali Al-Saleh1 and Arnab Pain3 Abstract Background: Cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenases (P450s), constituting one of the largest and oldest gene superfamilies found in many organisms from bacteria to humans, play a vital role in the detoxification and inactivation of endogenous toxic compounds. The use of various insecticides has increased over the last two decades, and insects have developed resistance to most of these compounds through the detoxifying function of P450s. In this study, we focused on the red palm weevil (RPW), Rhynchophorus ferrugineus, the most devastating pest of palm trees worldwide, and demonstrated through functional analysis that upregulation of P450 gene expression has evolved as an adaptation to insecticide stress arising from exposure to the neonicotinoid-class systematic insecticide imidacloprid. (Continued on next page) * Correspondence: [email protected] 1Department of Plant Protection, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Chair of Date Palm Research, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia Full list of author information is available at the end of the article © The Author(s). 2019 Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.
    [Show full text]
  • Computational Identification of the Paralogs and Orthologs of Human
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences Article Computational Identification of the Paralogs and Orthologs of Human Cytochrome P450 Superfamily and the Implication in Drug Discovery Shu-Ting Pan 1,†, Danfeng Xue 1,†, Zhi-Ling Li 2, Zhi-Wei Zhou 3, Zhi-Xu He 4, Yinxue Yang 5, Tianxin Yang 6, Jia-Xuan Qiu 1,* and Shu-Feng Zhou 7,* 1 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330003, China; [email protected] (S.-T.P.); [email protected] (D.X.) 2 Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200040, China; [email protected] 3 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA; [email protected] 4 Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Research Center & Sino-US Joint Laboratory for Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China; [email protected] 5 Department of Colorectal Surgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China; [email protected] 6 Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah and Salt Lake Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA; [email protected] 7 Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, Fujian, China * Correspondence: [email protected] (J.-X.Q.); [email protected] (S.-F.Z.); Tel.: +86-791-8869-5069 (J.-X.Q.); Fax: +86-791-8869-2745 (J.-X.Q.); Tel./Fax: +86-592-616-2300 (S.-F.Z.) † These two authors contributed to this work equally.
    [Show full text]
  • Comparative and Functional Triatomine Genomics Reveals Reductions and Expansions in Insecticide Resistance-Related Gene Families
    RESEARCH ARTICLE Comparative and functional triatomine genomics reveals reductions and expansions in insecticide resistance-related gene families Lucila Traverso1, AndreÂs Lavore2, Ivana Sierra1, Victorio Palacio2, JesuÂs Martinez- Barnetche3, Jose Manuel Latorre-Estivalis1, Gaston Mougabure-Cueto4, Flavio Francini5, Marcelo G. Lorenzo6, Mario Henry RodrõÂguez3, Sheila Ons1*, Rolando V. Rivera-Pomar1,2* 1 Laboratorio de NeurobiologõÂa de Insectos, Centro Regional de Estudios GenoÂmicos, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina, 2 Centro de Bioinvestigaciones (CeBio) and Centro de InvestigacioÂn y Transferencia del Noroeste de Buenos Aires (CITNOBA-CONICET), Universidad a1111111111 Nacional del Noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Pergamino, Argentina, 3 Instituto Nacional de Salud a1111111111 PuÂblica, Cuernavaca, MeÂxico, 4 Centro de Referencia de Vectores (CeReVe), DireccioÂn de Enfermedades Transmisibles por Vectores, Ministerio de Salud de la NacioÂn Argentina, Santa MarõÂa de Punilla, CoÂrdoba, a1111111111 Argentina, 5 Centro de EndocrinologõÂa Aplicada y Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional a1111111111 de La Plata, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina, 6 Grupo de Comportamento de Vetores e InteracËão com a1111111111 PatoÂgenos-CNPq, Centro de Pesquisas Rene Rachou±FIOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte, Brazil * [email protected] (RVRP); [email protected] (SO) OPEN ACCESS Abstract Citation: Traverso L, Lavore A, Sierra I, Palacio V, Martinez-Barnetche J, Latorre-Estivalis JM, et al. (2017) Comparative and functional triatomine Background genomics reveals reductions and expansions in Triatomine insects are vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi, a protozoan parasite that is the causa- insecticide resistance-related gene families. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 11(2): e0005313. doi:10.1371/ tive agent of Chagas' disease.
    [Show full text]
  • Culex Quinquefasciatus
    Genome Analysis of Cytochrome P450s and Their Expression Profiles in Insecticide Resistant Mosquitoes, Culex quinquefasciatus Ting Yang, Nannan Liu* Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States of America Abstract Here we report a study of the 204 P450 genes in the whole genome sequence of larvae and adult Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes. The expression profiles of the P450 genes were compared for susceptible (S-Lab) and resistant mosquito populations, two different field populations of mosquitoes (HAmCq and MAmCq), and field parental mosquitoes (HAmCq G0 and MAmCqG0) and their permethrin selected offspring (HAmCq G8 and MAmCqG6). While the majority of the P450 genes were expressed at a similar level between the field parental strains and their permethrin selected offspring, an up- or down- regulation feature in the P450 gene expression was observed following permethrin selection. Compared to their parental strains and the susceptible S-Lab strain, HAmCqG8 and MAmCqG6 were found to up-regulate 11 and 6% of total P450 genes in larvae and 7 and 4% in adults, respectively, while 5 and 11% were down-regulated in larvae and 4 and 2% in adults. Although the majority of these up- and down-regulated P450 genes appeared to be developmentally controlled, a few were either up- or down-regulated in both the larvae and adult stages. Interestingly, a different gene set was found to be up- or down-regulated in the HAmCqG8 and MAmCqG6 mosquito populations in response to insecticide selection. Several genes were identified as being up- or down-regulated in either the larvae or adults for both HAmCqG8 and MAmCqG6; of these, CYP6AA7 and CYP4C52v1 were up-regulated and CYP6BY3 was down-regulated across the life stages and populations of mosquitoes, suggesting a link with the permethrin selection in these mosquitoes.
    [Show full text]
  • Postgenomic Chemical Ecology: from Genetic Code to Ecological Interactions1
    P1: GVM Journal of Chemical Ecology [joec] pp452-joec-370876 April 20, 2002 11:25 Style file version Nov. 19th, 1999 Journal of Chemical Ecology, Vol. 28, No. 5, May 2002 (C 2002) POSTGENOMIC CHEMICAL ECOLOGY: FROM GENETIC CODE TO ECOLOGICAL INTERACTIONS1 MAY R. BERENBAUM2, 2Department of Entomology, 320 Morrill Hall University of Illinois 505 S. Goodwin Urbana, Illinois 61801-3795 (Received June 26, 2001; accepted January 12, 2002) Abstract—Environmental response genes are defined as those encoding pro- teins involved in interactions external to the organism, including interactions among organisms and between the organism and its abiotic environment. The general characteristics of environmental response genes include high diver- sity, proliferation by duplication events, rapid rates of evolution, and tissue- or temporal-specific expression. Thus, environmental response genes include those that encode proteins involved in the manufacture, binding, transport, and breakdown of semiochemicals. Postgenomic elucidation of the function of such genes requires an understanding of the chemical ecology of the organism and, in particular, of the “small molecules” that act as selective agents either by pro- moting survival or causing selective mortality. In this overview, the significance of several groups of environmental response genes is examined in the context of chemical ecology. Cytochrome P-450 monooxygenases provide a case in point; these enzymes are involved in the biosynthesis of furanocoumarins (furo- coumarins), toxic allelochemicals, in plants, as well as in their detoxification by lepidopterans. Biochemical innovations in insects and plants have historically been broadly defined in a coevolutionary context. Considerable insight can be gained by defining with greater precision components of those broad traits that contribute to diversification.
    [Show full text]
  • Integrated Analysis of Cytochrome P450 Gene Superfamily in the Red Flour Beetle, Tribolium Castaneum Fang Zhu University of Kentucky, [email protected]
    University of Kentucky UKnowledge Entomology Faculty Publications Entomology 3-14-2013 Integrated analysis of cytochrome P450 gene superfamily in the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum Fang Zhu University of Kentucky, [email protected] Timothy W. Moural University of Kentucky, [email protected] Kapil Shah University of Kentucky, [email protected] Subba Reddy Palli University of Kentucky, [email protected] Right click to open a feedback form in a new tab to let us know how this document benefits oy u. Follow this and additional works at: https://uknowledge.uky.edu/entomology_facpub Part of the Entomology Commons Repository Citation Zhu, Fang; Moural, Timothy W.; Shah, Kapil; and Palli, Subba Reddy, "Integrated analysis of cytochrome P450 gene superfamily in the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum" (2013). Entomology Faculty Publications. 31. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/entomology_facpub/31 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Entomology at UKnowledge. It has been accepted for inclusion in Entomology Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of UKnowledge. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Integrated analysis of cytochrome P450 gene superfamily in the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum Notes/Citation Information Published in BMC Genomics, v. 14, 174. © 2013 Zhu et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Digital Object Identifier (DOI) http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2164-14-174 This article is available at UKnowledge: https://uknowledge.uky.edu/entomology_facpub/31 Zhu et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Studies of Cytochrome P450 in Biomimetic Films
    University of Bath PHD Studies of cytochrome P450 in biomimetic films Dash, Hayley Award date: 2007 Awarding institution: University of Bath Link to publication Alternative formats If you require this document in an alternative format, please contact: [email protected] General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal ? Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 09. Oct. 2021 Studies of Cytochrome P450 in Biomimetic Films Hayley Ann Dash A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Bath Department of Chemistry July 2007 COPYRIGHT Attention is drawn to the fact that copyright of this thesis rests with its author. This copy of the thesis has been supplied on condition that anyone who consults it is understood to recognize that its copyright rests with its author and that no quotation from the thesis and no information derived from it may be published without the prior written consent of the author.
    [Show full text]
  • Klonierung Von Cytochrom P450-Abhängigen
    Klonierung von Cytochrom P450-abhängigen Monooxygenasen aus Ammi majus L. und funktionelle Expression der Zimtsäure 4-Hydroxylase Dissertation zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades der Naturwissenschaften (Dr. rer. nat.) dem Fachbereich Pharmazie der Philipps-Universität Marburg vorgelegt von Silvia Specker aus Venedig (Italien) Marburg/Lahn 2004 Vom Fachbereich Pharmazie der Philipps-Universität Marburg als Dissertation angenommen am 14.1.2004. Erstgutachter: Prof. Dr. U. Matern Zweitgutachter: Prof. Dr. Alfred Batschauer Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 14.1.2004 Wesentliche Auszüge dieser Arbeit wurden in der folgenden Publikation veröffentlicht: Hübner, S. , Hehmann, M., Schreiner, S., Lukačin, R. , Matern, U., 2003. Functional expression of cinnamate 4-hydroxylase from Ammi majus L. Phytochemistry 64, 445-452. Inhaltsverzeichnis I Inhaltsverzeichnis 1. EINLEITUNG ________________________________________________1 1.1 Die Furanocumarine ___________________________________________________ 1 1.1.1 Chemie der Furanocumarine _______________________________________________________ 1 1.1.2 Vorkommen____________________________________________________________________ 2 1.1.3 Bedeutung für die Pflanze – Grundlagen induzierter pflanzlicher Pathogenabwehr_____________ 2 1.1.4 Reaktionen von Petroselinum crispum nach Infektion mit Phytophthora sojae ________________ 6 1.1.5 Bioaktivitäten der linearen Furanocumarine ___________________________________________ 7 1.1.6 Anwendung der Furanocumarine in Medizin und Forschung _____________________________ 10 1.1.7
    [Show full text]