District Human Development Report SANGRUR Sucha Singh Gill Inderjeet Singh Lakhwinder Singh Kesar Singh Parmod Kumar Department of Economics Punjabi University, Patiala January, 2010 CONTENTS Acknowledgements i-ii Abbreviations iii Chapter I Introduction 1-9 Chapter II Education 10-51 Chapter III Health Care 52-87 Chapter IV Economic Livelihood Patters 88-126 Chapter V Human Vulnerability 127-140 Chapter VII Block-wise HDI and the Way Ahead 141-161 Bibliography 162-155 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS In preparation of Human Development Report of Sangrur District several persons have contributed. The services of all such individuals are gratefully acknowledged. We are grateful to Dr. Jaspal Singh, Vice Chancellor and Former Vice Chancellor Sardar Swaran Singh Boparai for allowing the use of university infrastructure for the completion of this project. Mr. Satish Chandra, Secretary Planning, Government of Punjab, Chandigarh, Ms. Khosa, and Mr. Mohan Lal, both Directors at Punjab State Planning Board, Chandigarh helped the research team by sanctioning the project, financial support and help in various forms for completion of this project. Mr. Rishi Kochhar, Project Specialist with Punjab State Planning Board and UNDP has been actively involved at various stages of the project. The staff at district headquarters at Sangrur deserves our special thanks. Special thanks are due to Mr. V.K. Ohri, Deputy Commissioner, Sangrur and Ms. (Dr.) Indu Malhotra, ADC (Development), nodal officer, DHDR for taking keen interest in this work and making district administrative machinery to work actively in data compilation and generation. Their active involvement in the different meetings organized at Sangrur led to lively discussions and activation of officers of different departments in the district. We would also like to thank Mr. Amar Singh Chahal, Deputy Director, ESO, Sangrur and his staff for coordinating with different departmental heads at Sangrur for data collection and compilation for use by the study team. We will also place on record the cooperation of Professor R. S. Ghuman, Professor Sukhwinder Singh and Dr. Jaswinder Singh Brar from Department of Economics and Centre for Economic Change at Punjabi University during the course of this project. Kind cooperation of Professor S. S. Khehra, Registrar, Mr. Mohinder Singh, FO, and Dr. Saroj, Librarian, Punjabi University, is gratefully acknowledged. Mr. Gurpreet Singh, Research Assistant and Baltej Singh Bhathal, Computer Operator have respectively shouldered heavy burden of data collection and secretarial assistant. Umeed Khanna Foundation, an NGO, Mr. A. R. Sharma, Mr. Bachitar Singh, Mr. Surinder Bansal and Mr. A.S. Dhindsa have willingly provided information about innovative practices in various fields of social and economic activities. Help, support and cooperation of all is gratefully acknowledged but they are not responsible for any way for errors and omissions. Authors Abbreviations A.D. - Anno Domini ADC - Additional Deputy Commissioner AIDS - Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome APL - Above Poverty Line BCG - Bacillus Chalmette Guerin BPL - Below Poverty Line CC - Contra Capture CD - Community development CHC - Community Health Centre CMO - Chief Medical Officer DPT - Dioheria Polio Tetanus GDP - Gross Domestic Product HDI - Human Development Index HMIS - Health Management Information System IDSP - Integrated Disease Surveillance Programme IPD - Indoor Patients IUP - Intra Uterus Devise MPHC - Mini Primary Health Centre MSLS - Measles NGO - Non-Governmental Organizations NLEP - National Leprosy Eradication Programme NRHM - National Rural Health Mission OP - Oral Pil OPD - Outdoor Patients OPV - Oral Polio Vaccine ORT - Oral Re-hydration Therapy PHC - Primary Health Centre RNTCP - Revised National Tuberculosis Programme SHC - Sub-health Centre TB - Tuberculosis TT Dose - Tetanus UNDP - United Nations Development Programme UNO - United Nations Organization WHO - World Health Organization Chapter-I Introduction Human development is about the people, about expanding their choices to live a full creative life with freedom and dignity. Fundamental to expanding human choices is building human capabilities: the range of that people can do. The most basic capabilities for human development are: having a long and healthy life, being educated, having a decent standard of living and enjoying political and civil freedoms to participate in the life of one’s community. Rationale The 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendment mandates the decentralization in development planning process involving people’s representatives from Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) and urban local bodies. Preparation of District Human Development Reports (DHDR) will help in preparing district plans with human development as the prime focus. In fact, income measure ignores people and their needs, their aspirations and their capabilities. There should be no bias or discrimination based on class, gender, race, nationality, religion, community and generation. The concept of measuring development through human development addresses to all these issues. To widen the choices not only between varieties of consumer goods but also between what people do and what capabilities they have. This includes capability to lead a long and healthy life and capability to be knowledgeable. Capability to have access to resources is needed for decent living. There are many more things needed by human beings that include political, social and cultural freedom, a sense of community, and opportunity for living a creative and productive life, safety, respect and human rights. Human development is much more than just their capabilities. It is also process of pursuing them in a way that is equitable, participating, productive and sustainable. Choices and needs change over time but choices have to be combined with limits imposed on such rights with duties, options with bonds, development which is sustainable in terms of environment constraints of water, land, clean air etc. Objective The broad objective of DHDR is to make an in-depth study and analysis of quality of life of people as well as identify areas which need intervention for enhancing capabilities and address effectively to the grey areas. The prime focus is on the efficiency of delivery systems and financial allocations. In this context, the objective of the report is to: (a) analyze the existing system; (b) identify the obstacles and bottlenecks therein; and (c) propose the strategy as a way out to improve the system. Essential Elements A DHDR does not attempt to replace the existing district level planning, research or statistical documents; rather it has to be built on these. Its distinctive feature is its process of preparation, the contents and its dissemination. Following are the three elements of DHDR: (a) process; (b) contents; and (c) dissemination. Process wise, the DHDR is prepared in a participatory manner and involves the Panchayat, district administration, NGOs, academia, media and civil society members. Since it is cross sectional in nature, the involvement of line departments is essential. Logically the DHDR exercise begins by bringing together all the stakeholders and having brainstorming sessions to jot down the roadmap for preparation of the report. Once the analysis is done, the findings are discussed among the stakeholders. Once the DHDR is finalized, it is be released and widely disseminated by the sponsoring department. Contents-wise the DHDR analyzes the standard of living with regard to health, education, 2 livelihood, environment and gender issues. For each of the sectors the report elaborates on the following: (a) analysis of the status; (b) preparing a blue print for the future; and (c) strategizing. Dissemination part is generally handled by the funding agency for this project. DHDR Report Process The DHDR has been prepared in a participatory manner and it involved all the stakeholders: the district administration, NGOs, academia, and civil society members. In the opening meeting with district administration, the objectives, content and process of preparation of DHDR report was finalized. For this purpose ADC Sangrur had been appointed as a nodal officer to coordinate the efforts of research team and district administration. From time to time various rounds of meetings were held with departmental heads and staff. Circulating the specifically designed table-forms, data had been collected in the required format. The data was validated and verified with other sources. After the analysis being done, the findings were discussed with the stakeholders. Rough draft of the report had been submitted to the sponsoring department for feedback from the stakeholders and human development expert agencies. On getting the feedback, the final version of the DHDR Sangrur has been prepared. The broad structure of the District Human Development Report of Sangrur is as follows: (a) Regional and Institutional Profile of the District (b) Education (c) Healthcare (d) Standard of Living/Economic Livelihood Patterns (e) Human Vulnerability (f) The Way Ahead After preparation the dissemination part of the report has to be done by the sponsoring agency, the Govt. of Punjab. 3 District Profile The district Sangrur has been reorganized by making a new district Barnala out of it in the year 2006. From Administrative point of view, district Sangrur is divided into six tehsils: Sangrur; Sunam; Dhuri; Malerkotla; Lehra and Moonak. These tehsils have been further divided into nine blocks as: Sangrur; Bhawanigarh;